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THE
GENERAL GAZETTEER;
OR, COMPENDIOUS
GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY.
CONTAINING
A DESCRIPTION OF THE
EMPIRES, KINGDOMS, STATES, PROVINCES, CITIES, TOWNS, FORTS, SEAS,
HARBOURS, RIVERS, LAKES, MOUNTAINS, CAPES, &e.
IN THE
KNOWN WORLD;
, WITH THE
GOVERNMENT, CUSTOMS, MANNERS, AND RELIGION OF THE
INHABITANTS;
THE
ExrentT, Bounparses, and NaTuRAL Propuctions of each Country ; the
Trabe, MANUFACTURES, and CuRi0sITIEs of the Cities and Towns; their
Lonorrure, Latitupe, Bearincs and DisTances in Englifh Miles from
remarkable Places ; and the various Events by which they have been diftinguifhed.
INCLUDING
An Account of the COUNTIES, Cities, BoroucHs, MARKET-TQWNS, and
principal ViLLaGEs, in Great BRITAIN and IRELAND. —
ILLUSTRATED BY MAPS.
ORIGINALLY WRITTEN
By R. BROOKES, M.D.
THE TENTH EDITION,
WITH ADDITIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS.
1 ee 6 CHD § Ce ————
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR B. LAW, C. DILLY, J. JOHNSON, G. G. AND J. ROBINSON,
WwW. RICHARDSON, OGILVY AND SON, F. AND C. RIVINGTON, P. WYNNE,
R. BALDWIN, W. LOWNDES, J. SCATCHERDy W. BENT, G. AND T. WILKIE,
T. KAY, J. NUNN, T. N. LONGMAN, VERNOR AND HOOD, B. CROSBY, CADELL
AND DAVIES, LEE ANB HURST, AND MURRAY AND HIGHLBY.
TEE OIE * Oe
ADVERTISEMENT #0 the TentH Epition.
This edition bas been carefully revifed and correéted ; feveral
hundred new articles are added, other confiderable improvements
introduced, and the various events brought down to Offober 1796:
it is alfo illuftrated by a new fet of maps, with the Eaft and Weft
Indies in addition to thofe given with the former editions. |
#," The Maps given with this work are, the World, placed before the
¢,
y} Europe, Afia, Africa, North America, South America, Ea
Kia..s, and Weft Inuies, placed before their refpective Deferiptions. ig
3 Jeveral
“ovements
er 1796:
and Weft
before the
rica, Eaf
iptions,
PR EF AC HE
TO THE EIGHTH EDITION.
——= 260 Gece
AS the fcience of Geography is in a conftant ftate of improvements
either from new difcoverics in the globe, er from the new points
of view in which objects already known may be confidered, a work of
this nature muft require frequent reviftion. dn proportion as the fpirit
of enterprife, and perfeverance of refearch, continue to exhibit new
difcoveries, it is our duty to apply with affiduity to the various fources
of information ; and to enrich aur work by an interefting fele&tion of
fuch objets as may claim attention, not merely from their novelty, but
from their importance in a delineation of the world, and the hiftory of
the human race.
In one refped, in the geography of an extenfive country, the annals
of literature hak not prefented a more important object of attention
than the great revolution in France. In other countries, hiftory nas
not often to record more than a change in the form of government, or
the transfer. of dominion from one family to another. “The revolution
in queftion, or, more properly fpeaking, the fubverfion, has operated
on every poffible object. The deftruGtion of a monarchy which had
{ubfifted for ages; the abolition of all diftinétions of rank ; the con-
fifcation of the wealth of the moft powerful ecclefiaftical orders; a total
change in the fentiments, habits, and manners of the people ; and the
introduction of principles, the ultimate operations of which the moft
acute penetsation cannot difcern—the:e are topics which we leave to
the difcuffion of the hiftorian and politician. Connected with thefe,
however, is anothey important circumftance, which claims the indif-
penfable attention of the geographer. The local divifion of the country
has likewife undergone a great revolution: inftead of the former divi-
fion ‘into provinces, or military governments, it is now fotmed into
eighty-three departments, fubdivided into diftriéts, cantons, and muni-
cipalities. To underftand the events of the prefent period, it became
neceflary, in courfe, to introduce this new divifion into our Gazetteer ;
but, at the fame time, for the illuftration of former hifteries, it appeared
equally expedient to retain the names of the Jate provinces. Tn the
account of every town, therefore, the name ofsits department: is firft
mentioned, and then that of the late province ; and all alterations intro-
duced in each piace by. the revolution have been carefully noticed, We
have derived our information on this fubjeé& from the “* Nouvelle Geo-.
graphie de la France,” recently publifhed.
‘he revolutions in Poland, by which that country has fuftained fuch -
a diminution of territory and power, and the different provinces, tranf-
ferred, in confequence, to the dominion of Ruffia, Auftria, and Pruffia,
are diftinctly noticed, x !
: 2
iv PREFACE.
The late new divifion of the vaft empire of Ruffia into forty-one
governanan, with the acquifition of the Crimea, and other territories
rom the Turks, has likewife been introduced, for the firft time, into
any work of this kind. It may be added, that, in the defcription of
almoft all the towns in the north of Europe, the reader may find much
new information. ioe
In the geography of the Eaft Indies we have hitherto, in common
with our competitors, been extremely deficient. “The ufual divifion of
thofe vaft regions was erroneous; many important places were omitted ;
and fuch as were noticed were uniformly faid to bender the dominion
of a fovereign, the Great Mogul, whofe authority, in faét, was merely
nominal, even in the fmall territory of Delhi, to which his once ex-
tenfive empire is reduced. If we now claim a diltinguifhed peroey
in this refpect, it may be fufficient to add, that this is the only Gazettecr
in which have been introduced the new acquifitions in the geography of
this country, for which the world has recently been indebted to the in-
defatigable major Rennell.
To the fame judicious author we are likewife obliged for much curt-
ous information refpe&ting the Caucafian naticns between the Black Sea
and the Cafpian, as well as for the. afliftance he has afforded to the
members of the African affociatioh, in digefting the accounts they have
received of fome of the interior parts of that quarter of the globe.
The late voyages to New South Wales have been confulted, and fome
newly difcovered iflands in the South Pacific Ocean are now inferted.
With refpeét to North America, we are indebted to Mr. Morfe’s
American Geography for the infertion of many cities, towns, Jakes,
and rivers, which appeas in no other Gazetteer.
In Great Britain, and particularly in Scotland, great part of our work
will be found confiderably improved, if not intirely new: moft of the
Jakes, in both parts of the ifland, are inferted for the firft time: and par-
ticular attention has been paid to the noble improvements in the inland
navigation of the two countries. It is but juft to acknowledge here,
that we have derived much valuable information from two excellent
works, ‘‘ England Delineated,” by J. Aikin, M.D. and ‘* Scotland
Delineated,” by an anonymous author.
The articles that were not in the laft edition of this work amount
to confiderably more than one thoufand; and a great number of articles,
particlarly in Swifferland and Italy, have been either newly written, or
greatly improved.
Another important object was to bring down the events by which
each place has been diftinguithed, to the clofe of the year 1793. This
has been done in every part, which was not actually printed off at the
time when the event occurréd.—In a word, no pains have’ been fpared
to render this eftablifhed work worthy of the reputation it has acquired,
and fuperior to every attempt of the kind, not only in extent and variety,
but in authenticity and accuracy of information,
1794+
forty-one
territories
‘ime, into
ription of
find much
common
Jivifion of
: omitted ;
dominion
‘as merely
once ex-
sede
yazettecr
graphy of
to the in-
uch curi-
Black Sea
ed to the
they have
plobe.
and fome
nferted.
» Morfe’s
is, Jakes,
ur work
r{t of the
and par-
e inland
ige here,
excellent
Scotland
amount
articles,
tten, or
which
This
at the
fpared
quired,
ariety,
AN INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY.
HE fcience which treats of the conftruction, figure, difpofition, and
relation of all parts of the univerfe, is called Cosmocrapny ; that is,
a defcription of thc world: and as the univerfe is 2 sete by the celeftial
and terreftrial globes, cofmography has two principal parts; namely, AstRo-~
Nomy, which is the f{cience of the celeftial bodies; and Geocrarpny, which
is a defcription of the earth: As thefe two fciences have, in many refpects,
a neceflary connexion, we fhall take a curfory view of each:
Of the Universe.
Astronomy isa f{cience, which has been the ftudy and admiration of the
moft remote ages, The true fyftem of the univerfe was known in the earlieft
times., Pythagoras, ‘in particular, who flourifhed near 500 years before
Chrift, was undoubtedly acquainted with the prefent doétrine of the plane-
tary motions, which he is fuppofed to have learned during his refidence
with fome more enlightened nations in the Eaft. His difciples not only
taught, that the earth had a diurnal motion on its own axis, and annually
revolved, with other planets, round th: Sun, but gave fuch an account of
the comets as‘is agreeable to modern difcoveries. The heavens and ftars
they fuppofed quiefcent ; and their apparent diurnal motion from eaft to weft
was imputed to the Earth’s motion from weft to eaft. Hence this doctrine, —
for many ages, was called the Pythagorean Syftem. It was followed by
Philolaus, Plato, Archimedes, and otheis, but loft under the reign of the
Peripatetic philcfophy when the Ptsiemaic Syftem (fo called from Ptolemy,
an Egyptian philofopher, who iived about 138 years after Chrift) was uni-
verfatly adopted.’ This fyftem fuppofes the Earth at reft in the centre of the
univerfe, and that the heavens revolve round it from eaft to. weft, carrying
all the celeftial bodies along with them, in twenty-four hours. Among the
ancient’ philofophers, the principal affertors of this fyftem are Arittotle and
Hipparehns. Heing confonant to appearances, it was adhered to for many
ages, till happily, in the year 1530, the true fyftem was revived by Nicolaus
Copernicus, a native of Thorn, in Weftern Pruffia, j
The Solar, or Planetary Syftem, fhould, in ftriét' propriety, be diftinguithed
from the Sy/tem of the Univerfe: for the ‘fixed ftars, from their immenfe dif-
tance, and the little relation they feem to bear to our globe, are reputed no
part of the former. It is highly probable, indeed, that each fixed ftar is
itfelf a fun, and the centre ‘of a particular gent furrounded by planets,
&c. which; at different diftances, and in different periods, revolve round
their refpeétive funs, by which they are enlightened, warmed, and cherifhed.
Hence we have a very magnificent idea of the niverfe, and its immenfity ;
and hence alfo arifes a kind of fyftem of fyftems:
Of the Sclar Syfem.
As by the univerje is to be underftood the whole frame of nature, to the
utmoft extentgof the creation, by the /elar //em is meant that portion only
of the univerfe which comprehends the Sun, planets, fatellites, and comets.
Of this fyftem the Sun is the centre; and there are feven planets which re-
volve round him, each in its path or orbit. The names of thefe planets, in
the order of their diftance from the Sun, are Mercury, Venus, the Earth,
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the Georgian. The firfl two, becaufe they move
within the orbit of the Earth, are called inferior planets; and the lat four,
on account of their moving without a orbit, are called fuperior planets.
3 ‘
INTRODUCTION.
The Sun,
The Sun, the centre of our fyftem, the parent of the feafons, and “ great
delegated fource of light and life,” is in the form of a fpheroid, higher une
der the equator than about the poles. His diameter is 763,000 miles, his
folid bulk a million of times larger than the Earth’s; and his diftance from
the Earth is 95,173,427 miles. ‘This diftance is fo prodigious, that a can-
non-ball, which moves at the rate of about sep miles in a minute, would be
fomething more than twenty-two years and a half in going from the Earth to
the Sun. This luminary was generally confidered by the ancients as a globe
of pure fire; but from a number of maculx, or dark f{pots, which, by means
of a telefcope, may be feen on different parts of his furface, this opinion ap-
pears to have been ill-founded. Thefe fpots are fuppofed to be immenfe
excavations in the body of the Sun. . Their motion is from caft to weft ; and
as they are obferved to move quicker when they are near the central regions,
it follows that the Sun mutt be a {pherical bodv, and revolve on his axis, in
a contrary diretion, or from weft to eaft. ‘The time in which he performs
this revolution is twenty-five days and fix hours.. ' :
Fhe Planets.
The planets are all opaque fpherical bodies, and have no Kght of thet
own, but thine by means of that borrowed light which they receive from
the Sun; it being afcertained, from telefcopical obfervations, that only that
fide of the planets which is turned toward the Sun is ever enlightened ; while
the oppofite fide, which the folar rays cannot reach, remains conftantly dark.
From the regular appearance and difappearance of feveral remarkable dark
{fpots, which, by means of a telefeope, are conftantly to be feen, on their
bodies, it may be demonftrated, that each has fuch a motion round its axis,
as correfponds with the diurnal rotation of the Earth; and from their feem-
irig fometimes.to be ftationary, and at other times retrograde, it is equally
certain, that they muft have fuch a progreffive motien round the Sun.as an-.
fwers to the annual revolution of the Earth in its orbit. As the Earth, more-
over, is fimilar to the other fix planets, it may age be concluded, by
analogy, that they muft be defigned for the fame purpofes, although,. from
their different proportions of heat.and cold, it is not credible that beings of
our make and temperament could live upon all of them. We now progeed
to the confideration of each planet in particular. .
1. Mercury, the neareft planet to the fun, revolves round that luminary
in about eighty-feven days and twenty-three hours, ox little: lefs than three
of our months, which is the length of his year.. Being feldom feen, how-
ever, on account of his proximity to the Sun, and no {pots appearing on his
difk, the time of his rotation on his axis, or the length of his days and
nights, is unknown, His diftance from the Sun is 36,841,468 miles: his
diametér 3,100; and, in his annual revolution round the Sun, he moves at the
rate of 105,000 miles an hour. Thefe calculations, as well as thefe of the
other planets which follow, are founded on aftronomical obfervations made
on the tranfit of Venus over the Sun,'in the year 1761. Mercury feems,
when viewed in different pofitions, with a good telefcope, te have all the
phafes or appearances of the Moon, except that he can, at no time, be feen
intirely round, or quite full; becaufe his enlightened fide is: never turned
directly toward us, but when. he is fo near the Sun as to be hid in his beams.
~ 2, Venus, which is the brighteft, and, to appearance, the largeft of all the
planets, is the next beyond Mercury. She is 68,891,486 miles from the Sun,
and, by moving at the rate of 76,000 miles an hour, completes: her annual
revolution in 224 days and feventeen hours, or about feven months and a
, 4
ind “ great
higher une
» miles, his
ftance from
that a can-
:, would be
he Earth to
; asa globe
» by means
pinion ap-
e immenfe
> weft ; and
ral regions,
his axis, in
1¢ performs.
rht of ther
eceive from
at only that
ened ; white
tantly dark.
rkable dark
en.on their
nd its axis,
their feem-
is equally
Sun.as an-.
arth, more-
cluded, by
bugh,. from
t beings of
bw progeed
luminary
than three
feen, how-
ring on his
days and
miles: his
oves at the
ofe of the
ions made:
ury feems,
ve all the
e, be feen
er turned
is beams.
of all the
the Sun,
her annuak
iths and a
INTRODUCTION, vil
half. Her diameter is 9,360 miles, arid her diurnal rotation on her axis is
performed in twe:.iy-four days and eight hours. When this planet appears
to the weft of the Sun, fhe rifes before him in the morning, and is called the
‘ morning’ ftar; and when fhe appears to the eaft of that luminary, fhe fhines
in the evening, and is called the evening ftar. She is in each fituation, alter-
nately, for about 290 days; and during the whole of her revolution, appears,
through a telefcope, to have all the various appearances of the Moon.
3. The Earrn, the next planet beyond Venus, is 95,173,127 miles. dif-
tant from the Sun, and by travelling at the rate of 58,000 miles an hour,
performs its annual revolution in 365 days, five hours, and minutes,
which is the fpace of our year. This motion, although 120 times {wifter
than th*< of a cannon-ball, is little’ more than half the velocity of Mercury
in his orbit. The diameter of the Earth is 7,970 miles ; and as it turns round
its axis every twenty-four hours, from weit to eaft, it occafions an apparent
motion of all the heavenly bodies from eaft to weft, in the fame time. The
Fine which it deferibes in its annual motion is called the ecliptic, and pro-
ceeds from weft ‘to eaft, according to the order of the figns of the zodiac,
This motion is the caufe of the different feafons of {pring, fummer, autumn,
and winter, and confequently of the different length of day and night in
thefe'feafons. In its progrefs through the ecliptic, the Earth every where
keeps its ‘axis in a fituation parallel to itfelf, and equally inclined to the plane
of the ecliptic, which is about twenty-three degrees and a half. The rota-
tion of the Earth on its own axis in twenty-four hours, makes, it day in thofe
parts which are turned toward the Sun, and night in the parts which are
turned from him. The Earth was long confidered as a circular plane, ex-
tending on. all ‘fides to an infinite diftance; and the heavens above it, in
which the Sun, Moon, and ftars appear to move daily from eaft to weft, were
imagined to be' at no preat.diftance from it, and to have been created folely
for the ufe and ornament of dur globe. But' this opinion is no longer enter-
tained but bythe vulgar and uninformed. It is now received as an incon-
trovertible point, that the Earth is of a f{pherical figure, nearly refembling
that of a globe. This is evident from the voyages of feveral celebrated cir-
cumnavigators, and particularly commodore Anfon, who, by fteering con-
tinually weftward, arrived, at length, at the place whence he departed;
which could never have happened, had the Earth been of any other than 3
fpherical fgure.. This form is alfo evident from the circular appearance of
the fea itfelf, ‘and ‘the circumftances which attend large objeéts when feen at
a diftance on its furface: sor, when'a fhip is failing from,the fhore, we firft
lofe fight of ‘the hull, afterward of the rigging, and, at laft, difcern the top
of the maft only.''’Phis is “evidently occafioned by the convexity of the
water between the ‘eye and the objeét; for, otherwife, the largeft and mok
confpicuous ‘part would he vifible the longeft. Another proof of the
lobular form of the Earth is taken from its fhadow on the face of the Moo, -
in the time of an ectipfe: for, as the Moon has no light but what fhe receives
from the Sun, and the Earth, during thé eclipfe, being interpofed between them,
the Moon muft be obfcured, either totally, or in part. And fince, in every
lunar eclipfe which is not total, the obfcure part always appears to be bounded
by acirculapline, the Earth itfelf mut be fpherical it being evident, that no-
‘thing but a fpherical mat can, in alt fituations, caft a circular fhadow, The
a
unevyenneffes on the furface of the Earth, which are caufed by mountains
‘and vallies, do not afford an objection to its being confidered as a circular
body: for the moft lofty mountains bear lefs proportion to the vaft mag-
nitude of the Earth, than the fmall rifings on the coat of an orange do to the
orange itfelf, or a grain of fand to an artificial globe of a foot in diameter.
Accordingly, we. find, that shefe sy ig protuberances occafion no irregu-
4
viil INTRODUCTION.
larities in the fhadow of the Earth, during the time of a lunar.eclipfe. On
the contrary, its circumference appears to be even and regular, as if caft by
a body perfectly globula;, It has been demoniftrated, however, that the
Earth is not a perfect globe. Mr. Richer, ina voyage to Cayenne, near the
equator, in 1672, found that the pendulvm of his clock no longer made its
vibrations fo frequently as in the latitude of Paris, and that it was abfo-.
lately neceffary to fhorten it by,a line and a quarter, ‘a little more than the
eleventh part of a Paris inch, in order to make it agree with the times of the
ftars pafling the meridian. A pendulum, like any other falling body, is
aéted upon by.the force of gravity ; and, in confequence of Richer’s difco-
very (which has been fince confirmed by repeated experiments) it was ob-
ferved, that fince the gravity of bodies is by fo much the lefs powerful as
thofe bodies are further removed from the centre of the Earth, the region of
the equator muft be abfolutely much more elevated than that of France; and
that, therefore, the figure of the Earth could not be that of a {phere..
Newton and Huygens were the firft who perceived the extenfive application
of which’ this difcovery was capable. It is impoffible, in this fketch, to
enter into all the principles and calculations that were employed in this in-
quiry. It will be fufficient to obferve, that the firft of thefe great philofo-
hers found, by mathematical calculations, that the polar diameter of. the.
arth is to the equatorial as 229 is to 2303 or, that the regions of the eqaator.
are elevated about thirty-five miles more than at thofe of the poles ;, and that
the‘true figure of the Earth, confequently, was that of an oblate fpheroid,
or a body nearly refembling an orange aang hve
‘4. Mars, the next planet beyond the orbit of the Earth, ;is diftant from
the Sun 145,614,148'miles. He moves at the rate of 55,000 miles an hour, and
completes his, revolution round the Sun in little lefs than two of our years.
His diameter is 5,150 miles, and- his diurnal rotation. on. his axis.is per
formed in twenty-four hours apd,thirty-nine minutes. He fometimes ap-
pears gibbous, but never horned, like the Moon; which, evidently demon-
ftrates, that his orbit includes that’ of the Earth, and that he fhines not by
any native light. This planet is diverfified with fpots like the Moon, by
which his diurnal rotation is afcertained in the direction from welt. to eaft ;
and from his ruddy and obfcure appearance, as well as from other circum-
ftancés, it is concluded, that his atmofphere is nearly of the fame denfity
swith that of the Earth, hl ,
5. JuPLTER, the largeft of all the planets, is ftill further;in the fyftem thaa
Mars. His diftance from the Sun is 494,990,976 miles. He travels at the
tate of 29,000 mNes an, hour, and completes his annual revolution in fome-
thing ‘lefs.than. twelve of; our years. His diameter is 94,100 miles ; and he
performs his diurnal rotation in nine hours and fifty-fix minutes, The tele-
{copic appearance of this planet affords a vaft field for the curious inquirer.
It is furrounded by feveral faint fubftances, refembling belts or bands, which
are parallel to the plane of its orbit.. They are not regular or conftant in
their appearance: for fometimes one only is to be feen, and fometimes five;
and, in the latter cafe, two of them have been known to difappear during the
time of obfervation. ‘When their number is moft confiderable, one or more
dark {pots are frequently formed between the belts, which increafe till the
whole is united in one large dufky band. This planet is alfo diverfified with
a number of. large fpots, which are on the brighteft parts of the furface ; but,
‘like’ the belts, they are fubje&t to various mutations, .bath in their figure
‘and periods. It has been conjetured that thefe belts are feas, and that the
‘vatlations obfetved, both in them and the’ fpots, are occafioned by. tides,
which are differently affe&ted, according to the pofitions of his moons.. Thefe
moons, or fatellites, which are four in number, were difcovered by Galileo,
lipfe. On
s if caft by
r, that the
e, near the
“r made its
- was abfo-
re than the
ty 3 of the
ody, is
Js dco.
it was ob-
owsrful as
e region of
rance; and
’ a {phere..
application
fketch, to
in this in-
at philofo-
eter of. the
the eqaator
3, and that.
e fpheroid,
iftant from
n hour, and
our. years.
xis is pers
etimes ap-
ly demon-
nes not by
Moon, by
eft, to eaft ;
er circum-
e denfity
yitem thaa
els at the
b in fome-
; and he
The tele-
inquirer.
ds, which
onftant in
mes five;
uring the
Or more
e. till the
ified with
ce; but,
Pir figure
that the
by. tides,
s.. Thefe
Galileo,
INTRODUCTION. ° ix
on the 7th of Januery 1610, foon after the invention of’ the’ telefcope ; but
the belts were not difcovered till near twenty years after.
6. Saturn, the next planet beyond Jupiter, is 907,966,130 miles from
the Sun; and, by travelling at the rate of 22,000 miles an hour, performs
his annual circuit round that luminary in about twenty-nine and a half of
our years. His diameter js 77,990 miles ;and he is furrounded by belts, like
Jupiter, by obfervations on which Dr. Herfchel determined, in January 1794,
that his di rnal rotation on his axis is performed in 10 hours and 16 mi-
nutes. Saturn is obferved to be: attended by feven fatellites. Of thefe, five
were difcovered in the lait century: a fixth was firft obferved by Dr. Herfchel,
on the 28th of Auguft 1788; and a feventh he difcovered on the 17th of
September, the fame year. A magnificent luminous ring encompaffes this
lanet, at fach a diftance, that feveral of the ftars may frequently be feen
yetween the inward furface of the ring and the body of the planet; its
diftance from which is nearly equal to its breadth, which is about 21,000
miles. This ripe -ias difcovered by Huygens, about the year 1655.
7. The Georcian, the moft remote planet in our fyftem, had efcaped
the obfervation of every aftronomer (at leaft as a planet) till the 13th of
March 1781, when it was feen by Dr. Herfchel, who gave it the name of
Georgium Sidus,.as a mark of refpect to.his prefent majefty, and to convey
an tek to.pofterity of the time and place of the difcovery.- Foreign aftro-
nomers, however, in’ general, call it by the name of the difcoverer. Its
diftance. from the Sun. is. 1,816,455,526 miles, which is nineteen times
greater than that of the Earth. Its diameter 1s 35,226 miles; and it re-
volyes:round the Sun_at the rate oi *7000 miles an hour, in about 82 years.
It fhines with a:faint fteady light, fomewhat paler andjfainte; than Jupiter ;
but Hveperent diameter being only about four feconds, it can feldom be
feen plainly by the naked. eye, but may be eafily difcovered in a clear night,
when above. the horizon, by a good telefcope. Two fatellites, attending
upon it, -have fince been difcovered. , oo! fra} :
The Secondary Planets.
Befide, the primary pfanets, there are fourteen others, called fecondary
planets, fatellites, or moons, which regard their primaries as the centres of
their motions, and revolve round them in the fame manner as thofe prima-
ries do round the.Sun; namely, the Moon, which attends: our Earth; the
four fatellites of Jupiter; the feven that belong to Saturn; and the two that
attend the Georgian. From the continual change of their phafes or appear-
ances, it is evident that thefe alfo. are opaque bodies, and fhine only hy the
reflection of the light which they receive Ben the Sun.
The. Moon,..which is the conftant attendant of our globe, is the moft
con{picuous of thefe fatellites, She accompanies the Lasth in ics aonual
progrefs through the heavens, and keeps revolving round it continually by
a different motion, in the fpace.of a month. . The diameter of the Moomis
2,180 niiles; her diftance from the Earth 240,000 miles ; and, in bulk, the
is fixty times lefs than the Earth.. ‘The rotation of the Moon on her axis is
erformed exactly in the fame time that fhe moves once round the Earth, as
is evident, from her always prefenting the fame face to us during the whole
of her'monthly revolution. On viewing the Moon with the naked eye, we
difcern a number of fpots, which the imagination naturally fuppofes to be
feas, continents, and the like; but on viewing her through a telefcope, the
hypothefis of planetary worlds receives additional confirmation, Vaft ca-
vitie> and afperities are obferved upon various parts of her furface, exactly
refe, ‘ling vallics and mountains; and every other appearance feems to in-
x INTRODUCTION. ,
dicate, that the is a body of the fame nature with the Earth. Dr. Herfchel,’
the fuperiority of whofe telefcopes is well known, has ftated, in the Philo-
fophical Tranfactions for 1787, his obfervations on three different volcanoes
in the Moon. Several aftronomers have given exaét maps of the Moon,
with the figure of every f{pot, as it appears through thie ‘beft telefcopes,
diftinguifhing each of: them by a proper name. One of the moft remarkable
circumftances attending the Moon, is the continual change of figure to
which fhe is fubject. While that half of her which is toward the Sun is
illumined, the other half is dark and invifible. Hence, fhe difappears,
when fhe comes bet'veen the Earth and the Sun, becaufe her dark fide is
then toward us. When fhe is gone fomewhat forward, we fee a little of
her enlightened fide, which ftill increafes to our view as fhe advances, until
fhe comes to be oppofite the Sun, when her intire enlightened fide is toward:
the Earth, and fhe appears with a full-illumined orb, which we call the Full
Moon; her dark fide being then turned away from the Earth. From the
full fhe decreafes gradually as fhe proceeds through the: other half of her
courfe ; thowing us lefs and lefs of her bright fide, every day, till her next
change or conjunétion with the Sun, and then fhe difappears as before.
Thefe different appearances of the Moon, which we call her phafes, are fuf-
ficient to demonftrate, that fhe fhines not by any light of her own: for,
‘etherwife; as her form is fpherical, we fhould always behokd her, like the:
Sun, with a full orb. ‘There'are other phenomenons of the Moon, the dif-
¢uffion of which, in this curfory view, would be too intricate to admit-of a
popular illuftration. We fhall, therefore, only obferve further, that of all
the celeftial orbs, this planet, next to the Sun, has the moft beneficial inftu-
ence on our globe. How cheerlefs and uncomfortable would be our nights,
but for the conftant returns of light, which this our fifter orb, our faithful
and infeparable companion, difpenfes in fuch agreeable viciffitude! How
highly ufeful are even her eclipfes, in our aftronomical, geographical, and
chronological computations! How falutary is her attraétive influence,
which {wells the tides, perpetuates the regular returns of ebb and flow, and
thus tends, not only to preferve the liquid element itfelf from putrefaction,
but the iurrounding continents, in courfe, from infection and difeafe! | .
The Comers.
- Comers are folid opaque bodies, of different magnitudes, like the planets.
Their namber is unknown; but they have been found to move round the
sonatas.
if Sun, and to crofs the orbits of the planets in all manner of dire€tions.. They
are principally diftinguifhed from the planets by long fiery ‘tails,’ which con-
tinually iffue from the fide that is furtheft from the Sun. ‘The orbits, in
which thefe vaft bodies move, are exceedingly long ovals, ‘or very eccentric
ellipfes, of fuch amazing circumferences, that in fig parts of their circuit
- through the heavens, they approach fo near the Sun, as to be almoft vitrified
: by his heat; and then go cff again into the regions of infinite fpace, to fuch
immenfe diftances, as to be totally deprived of the hight and heat which the
H reft of the planets receive from that luminary. The paths which they de-
4 {cribe, and the laws to which they are fubyeét, have been difcovered by
‘ Newton. Their revolutions are governed throughout by the fame law, of
defcribing equal areas in equal times, which is known to regulate the mo-
tions of all the other bodies in the fyftem.
Of the Fixed Stars.
What 2 magnificent idea of the Creator and his works is prefented in this
account of the folar fyftem! In the centre is placed the Sun, a ftupendous
body of fire, around whofe orb, the planets, fatellites, and comets, perform
Dr. Herfchel, ’
in the Philo-
ent volcanoes
f the Moon,’
ft telefcopes,
ft remarkahle
of figure to
rd the Sun is
> difappears,
dark fide is
e a little of
vances, until
tde is toward:
call the Full
From the
r half of her
till her nexe
rs as before.
afes, are fuf-
erown: for,
ner, like the
yon, the dif-
o admit-of a
, that of all
neficial influ-
> our nights,
our faithful
tude! How
aphical, and
e influence,
d flow, and
putrefaction,
oe!
the planets.
¢ round the
Dns. They
which con-
orbits, in
eccentric
heir Circuit
oft vitrified
e, to fuch
which the
they de-
overed by
e law, of
e the mo-
ed in this
tupendous
perform
INTRODUCTION. xi.
i lutions with an exaGtnefs and regularity’ which: moft:.fill the mind
vith ete fublime conceptions of te divine origin.: Who ‘can cons
template the magnitudes and diftances of thofe vaft bodies,.and not be: ftruck
with the wonders: of Omnipotence? But what muft; be our aftonifhment,
when informed, ‘that this: glorious fyftem:is only a fmall part of the univerfe,
and that, if it were utterly annihilate.', it would be miffed no more; by:an
eye that could:take in'the whole creation, than a grain of fand on the fea-
thore. ‘To form fome idea,: therefore, however imperfect, of the extent of
the univerfe, and ‘the more glorious works of creation, we muft extend our
views to thofe uamerous asa fplendid orbs, which are difperfed far beyond
e bounds of our folar fyitem. . is
: The fixed ftars:ave ditinguithed from the planets by being more luminous,
and by continually exhibiting that appearance which we call the pi a
of the ftars. ‘This arifes, probably, from their appearing fo extremely fmall,
tha’ the interpofiti »n of any very minute: fubftance (of which. there are
many conftantly fle ating in our atmofphere) deprives us of the fight of them
but as the interpofed body foon ‘changes its place, we again fee: the ftars
and ‘this fucceffion being perpetual, occafions the twinkling.” But @ more
remarkable property of the fixed ftars (and from which they’ obtain: their
name) is their never changing their fituation with regard to each.other, as
the okinen do; for although the rotation of the Earth, on its axis, occafions
an apparent ditirnal motion. of the whole frameof the heavens, in a con-
trary direction, yet any two fixed ftars being obferved,. at diftant intervals
of time, will always be found to preferve the fame relative pofit.on during
whole ef-this revolution, -— - -- - ees i
The fixed ftars are not placed in one concave furface, {fo as to be all
equally diftant fromm’ us, hut: are fo difperfed through illimitable fpace, that
there mult be as great a diftance between any two neighbouring ftars, as
there. is between our 5un and thofe which:are the neareft to hime Were 2
fpectator, therefore, to be. placed near any. fixed ftar, he wonld confider that
alone as a real Sun, and the reft as fo many luminous points, placed in the
firmament at equal diftances from him. ~The ftars which are the neareft to
us feem the largeft, and are therefore called ftars of the firf ma nitude, and
fo on as far as the fixth, which includes all the ftars that are vifible withous
a telefcope; and, fince the invention of that initrument, their number is con-
fidered as immenfe.. But the immenfity of their. number is not alone worthy
of admiration: their'immenfe diftance from us, and from each other, mutt
equally exalt our ideas of the wonders of Omnipotence, and the incon-
ceivable extent ofiithe creation. ‘The ‘neareft ftar to us, or fuppofed ta be
fuch from being the largeft in appearance, is Sirius, or the dogitar ; and the
Earth, invits revolution ‘round the Sun,’ is 195,000,000 smiles nearer to this
itar in one part of its orbit, than in the oppofite one; and yet its magni-
tude appears not to:be in the leaft affected by it. ‘The diftance of this ftar
from dhe Sun is computed to be above 32 re re fs of miles, which
ts further than a’canon-ball would fly in feven millions of years. ;
The aaies ‘being at fuch imental tiftances from the Sun, cannot receive
from him fo ftrong a light as they feem to poffefs, nor even a degree of
brightnefs fufficient to make them vifible to us; for his rays.would be fo
‘diffipated before they could reach fuch remote objects, that they could never
itted t es, fo as to render thofe objects vilible by reflection,
The fae “tpeeelones thine by. their owa netive luitre, and, in this refpect,
i from the planets.
the valgat aed inialeraite imagine, that all the ftars: were made only to
give a faint glimmering ‘light to the inhabitants of this globe ; oe
many of thefe ftars are’ fo far from bemefiting us, that they cannot be feen
sil INTRODUCTION.
without a telefcope; and there are innumerable others which the eye, even
the aid of that inftrument, can never reach. We have already intimated,
that there is an inconceivable number of funs, fyftems, and worlds, difperfed
through infinite fpace; ‘infomuch, that our folar fyftem, compared with the
whole, appears but as an atom, and is almoft loft in the immenfity of the
creation. : The Georgian planet, neverthelefs, revolves in an orbit of above
1,800,000,a00 miles from the Sun, and fomie.of the comets make ex-
curfions of many millians of miles beyond this;and yet, at that aftonith-
ing diftance,, they are incomparably nearer to. the Sun than to any other
fixed ftar; as is evident from their keeping clear of the attraction of the
ftars, and returning periodically by virtue of that of the Sun. It cannot be
imagined, therefore, that the omnipotent Creator, who aéts with infinite
wifdom, and never aéts in vain, fhould have created fo many glorious funs,
fitted for fo many important purpofes, and placed at fuch diftances from
each other, without fuitable objects fufficiently near them to-be benefited by
their influence. On the contrary, it is reafonable to conclude, that they
were created for the fa.ne purpofes with our Sun ; to beftow light, heat, and
vegetation, on.a certain rumber of planets revolving round them. And,
from analogy.we may infer, that all thefe innumerable fyftems are with
equal wifdom contrived. for the accommodation of rational inhabitants ;
perhaps of fill higher orders of intelligent beings, all capable, in the differeut
icales of exiftence, of a perpetual ‘progreffion in knowledge and virtue, in
perfection and felicity. | :
"> DESCRIPTION of tue ARTIFICIAL SPHERE,
ON the.convex part of the terreftrial globe, which is an artificial {pherical
y body, is.truly reprefented the whole world, as it confifts of land and
water. .The. circumference of the glohe is divided inta 360 degrees, every
degree containing: 60 geographical miles; confequently the globe is 21,600
fuch-miles round: but, as 60 geographic miles are about.69 miles Englith
meafure, the. circuit.of ‘the globe is therefore 24,840 Englifh miles. ‘The
circles reprefented on the globe are, 1.’ The Equator, and the circles paral-
lel to it. .2.. The Meridian, and the ref of the meridional lines.. 3..:The
Horizon. :4,.The-Ecliptic. 5, Thestwo Tropics; and 6. The two Polar
Circles. yt ! : )
The Equator, or Equinocriat, is a great circle, ninety degrees. dif-
tant:from:the poles of the world, and fo named, becaufe it‘divides the world
into two equal. parts: that in which the arétic-pole is found, is called the
northern half ;:and*that in which the antar&tic pole is placed, is the fouth-
ern half. It is divided into 360 degrees, or 180 degrees eaft, and the fame
weit, from. the firft meridian, which on: Englith globes paffes through Lon-
don; and its. principal, ufe,is so fhow the longitude of anyplace; eaft or
weft, from fuch, firft meridian. ..When the Sun is in this circle, there-is an
equality of days.and nights.all- over the world: hence thefe points are
calléd the equinoxes,. =. ..)4 6» ;
The Meriptan.is.a great,circle, fuppofed to pafs: through the poles of
the world and, thofe of the horizon, cutt)ag.the {phere into. two equal. parts,
the one oriental,.and the other occidental, . Jt alfoipaffes through the zenith
and nadir in every, place,.and cuts the horizon at rightiangles. It is called
the Meridian, becaufe. it marks half the {pace of; time. during which tle Sun
and the {tars appear above the horizon. As ithere is an infinite number of
zeniths and horizons, the number ef Meridians is alfo infinite; tor the
ye, even
ntimated,
difperfed
with the
ity of the
- of above
nake ex-
aftonifh-
any other
mn of the
cannot be
h infinite
ious funsy
ices from
nefited by
that they
heat, and
n. And,
are with
1abitants ;
> different
virtue, in
fpherical
land and
es, every
is 21,600
s Englith
CS. The
es paral-
3.-The
o Polar
rees. dif.
e world
lled the
e fouth-
he fame
rh Lon-
eaft or
e-is an
nts are
oles of
parts,
zenith
s called
le Sun
be: of
or the
INTRODUCTION, xij
Meridian is changed, a well as: the zenith and norizon, every “ep we take
toward the eaft or weft; but if we pafs in a right line northward or fouthward,
we ftill continue under the fame Meridian, though we conftantly change the
zenith and horizon.. However, geographers only, reckon 360 Meridians,
which are fuppofed to pafs through every degree: of the equinodtial. It has
been cuftomary for geographers to eftablifh a Firft Meridian; though this is
altogether arbitrary: Ptolemy placed it at the ifland of Ferro, which is the
moft weftern of the Canarics; but the common method, ‘at prefent, is far
every geographer to make the Meridian of the capital of his country the, Firft
Meridian; and, accordingly, the longitudes in this Ditionary are’ reckoned,
eaft or welt from the Meridian of London. The ufe of the brafs Meridian
of a globe is to fhow, when it is noon or midnight at the place to which it
is applied; and alfo to. find the laticude of places, north or fouth, from the
equator. pont
I The Ecurrric isa great circle that cuts the equator obliquely, and’ re-
prefents that, path in the heavens, which the Sun feems to defcribe by the
Karth’s annual courfe round: it. «It: is divided ‘into’ 12 parts,’ called ‘figns, ‘
and each of thofe.into 30 more, called degrees; correfponding to the 12
months, and the days of the month. ff ited Te mS at h.
The Horizow is.a great circle, which divides the world into two equal
parts or hemifpheres, of which one is fuperior and vifible, and the other in-
ferior and invifible. . When the Sun is above this circle it is then day, and —
when it is funk: 18:degrees beneath it, niyht then commences.” This ‘circle
is: of wood, and the brafs meridian is inclofed therein with all the reft of ©
the {phere : it is alfo immoveable, and on it are marked the degrees of the
12 figns of the ecliptic, and the days of the «2-months of the year. r
Tue Tropics are two {mall circles parallel to the equinottial, defcribed
by the firft points- of the firft degrees of the figns termed Cancer and Capri«
corn, that is, where they touch the ecliptic. They are diftant from the
equinoctial very near 23 degrees and a half. The Sun*defcribes thefe
Tropics about the 2oth-day of June, and the 21ft day of December. “Whe
he touches the Tropic of Cancer, he makes the longeft day for ‘the inhabi-
tants between the equator and the north pole; and, when he'comes to the
beginning of Capricorn, he makes the longeft day for the people’ between
the equator and the fouth -pole.: On the ‘contrary, ‘the fhorteft day to the
former will be when the Sun touches the ‘Tropic of Capricorn, ‘and ‘to
the latter when he comes:to the Tropic of Cancer, For this reafon, tnofe
points are called the winter and: the fummer Tropics, or the fouthern and
northern; and they are as it were the two barriers, beyond which the San
never pafles,- ? ta sila dabei Ccaaad ase
Tue Potar Circies.are diftinguifhed by the ‘hames ‘ofthe artic and
antarétic, or the north and the fouth, and are circles parallel to the equinoc-
tial. ‘They are termed Polar, becaufe they are neat the poles’of the world, —
being only 23 degrees and a half from each'pole. © ' podiebet
The Map of the Worlds atthe beginning’ of this book, reprefents the
globe, taxen out of its horizon; cut through, tuted up, and fqueezed
flat. The circles bounding the projection, repréfent'the brafs meridian;
and the curve lines running acrofs; at every 10 degrees; fhow the latitude,
north or fouth, from the equator. The top and bottom are the north. and
fouth poles; and. the curve lines uniting them, are the other ‘meridians on
the glohe, which are. drawn at every 10 degrees on the equator, and fhow
the longitude, eait or welt, from the meridian of London. The equator or
equinottial is the ftraight line sunning acrofs the meridians exaal in the
middle. The tropics and polar,¢ircles are delineated at their proper diftances
on each fide toward the north and fouth. :
2
—
Saag
i
| :
i
os
ee sex:
————*
INTRODUCTION.
Of the. Zones.
The Zonzs are five broad {paces encompaffing the globe, and are diftin-
ifhed chiefly by the temperature of the air. The torrid Zone contains all
e fpace between the two tropics, and is fo callea from its exceffive heat,
the Sun being vertical twice every year to all that inhabit it. This circle
is about 47 degrees broad,’ The two températe Zones are fo called from
their lying between the two extreme degrees of heat and cold, viz. between
the torrid Zone and the frigid Zones, the one being called the Northern
temperate Zone, and the other the Southern: temperaie Zone. Thefe are
both 43 degrees broad. Of the two frigid Zonés, the one encompaffes the
‘artic or north pole, and extends to the diftance of 23 degrees and a half
from it; and the other, the antar@ic or fouth pole, to the fame diftance.
Of the Climates.
A Crimate is a fpace of the Earth comprehended between two parallels,
at the end of which the length of the longeft days are increafed half an hour
iu the fummer feafon. ‘I'he better to underftand this we mutt obferve, that
under the equator the longeft day is no more than twelve hours, and that
in proportion’ as we advance toward the polar circle, the days of each
climate increafe. half an hour, till we arrive at the polar circles; for then
the longeft days confift of 24 hours. ‘Thus there are 24 Climates in all, on
each fide of the equator. It is eafy to know in what Climate a city is, by
obferving the longeft day; as for inftance, at London, where the days are
-16 hours long, we need only fubtraé 12 from the number, and there will
remain four; then ‘multiply this by two, and you will have eight, which is
the Climate of London. ‘The fame may be done on any other Climate.
Of the Points of the Compafi.
_ The Earth may be confidered, with regard to the four cardinal Points,
‘which are the north, fouth, eaft, and weft; and all the points included be-
tween them may have refpect to a particular place. By this means we know
the fituation of the different countries of the woridy with regard to. each
other; for fome are oriental or toward the eaft, with regard to thofe that
-are occidental, or lie wefterly of them. Thus Ireland is to the weft of
Bopland, Poland is to the eaft of Germany, and Africa is to the fouth
of
of Europe. We may eafily diftinguifh the points that lie between thofe that
aré cardinal: thus, though Spain is to the fouth of France, yet it likewife
" Ties to the weftward thereof; but as they do not lie exaétly fouth or weit of
. each other, Spain may be faid to lie fouthwelt of France; and for the fame
reafon, on the contrary, France will be northeaft with regard to Spain.
The like may be faid of any two other countries.
Of the Terms ufed in Geography.
The word Geography comes from the Greek, and fignifies a defcription of
the Earth. By the Earth is meant the terraqueous globe, compofed of land
and water, arid it iscommonly called the terreftrial globe. Corography is
the defcription of a country, province, or county ; as, for inftance, Dorfetthire.
- Lopograpty is the defcription of a particular place, as a town and the like.
Hydrography is a defcription of the water, fuch as oceans, feas; and lakes.
-” As the Earth may be reprefented either in the whole, or in part, it forms
‘the differerice between geopraphical charts or maps, which, however, may
be reduced to: two ind} namely, generdl and particular. Among the
- former is the map of the world, or planifphere; which fhows the two furfaces
d are diftin-
contains all
ceffive heat,
This circle
called from
yiz. between
he Northern
Thefe are
mpafies the
and a half
diftance.
wo parallels,
half an hour
ybferve, that
irs, and that
ays of each
es; for then
res in all, on
a city is, by
the days are
id there will
ht, which is
Climate.
dinal Points,
included be-
ans we know
bard to each
to thofe that
the weft of
to the fouth
en thofe that
t it likewife
hor weit of
or the fame
rd to Spain.
fcription of
ofed of land
horography is
Dorreuhvre.
nd the like.
nd lakes.
art, it forms
wever, may
Among the
wo furfaces
’ diftin@ly, there is a neceflity of
INTRODUCTION. | xv
of the whole terreftrial globe, cut in two by the meridian paffi
the equinoxes; as alfo the maps which deferibe fome rineipal fe A ‘ .
lobe ; fuch as Europe, Afia, or Africas and even klogtome; as Sweden,
pain, or Great Britain. However, thofe maps may be called particular,
which reprefent Fp pe bc ; =~ they are more properly fuch as
ve an account only of a as Naples in Jealy, e
and “tran yom A ane ‘ Sinehcre a re
After all, nothing can give a better or more general idea of
than a globe, becaufe it i. of the fame fhape and figure; beta va aah
poflible to make one large wage to fhow every part of the land and fea
= aving recourfe to general and particular
eography, as well as other arts and fciences, has terms pro itfelf;
fome of which have relation to the land, and others to the Wate ba
A Continent is a large part of land that comprehends feveral countries not
feparated by any fea: thus Europe is a continent. |
An [land, or Ife, is a portion of land intirely furrounded by water,
a hap or Rr A a + ge of land which is joined to a con-
nent only by a neck of the fame, it being every wher y
pier Mt as the [aepetlem of the Celtnene Mr Ur in ear ae
n Jtbmus, or neck of land, is that part by whic i is joine
tne — as the ifthmus of Darien. Drain gt ip tiene tee
romontory is a high part of land, which projects into the fea, and i :
monly called a Cape, when it appears like a meunitaies but shee thie td
vanced part has little elevation, it is termed a Point. ‘Thus the Cape of
Good Hope is a mountainous promontory. .
An Ocean is a large colle&tion of waters furrounding a confiberable part of
the continent; fuch as the Atlantic and Northern Oceans.
A Sea is a {maller collection of waters, when underftood in a ftriet fenfe
as the Irith Sea but, in general, every part of the ocean may be called the
fea; and it is {till more general, when the terraqueous globe is faid to confift
of land and fea. )
A Channel is a narrow fea, confined between an ifland and a continent, er
between two iflands ; as the Englifh Channel; and St. George’s Channel.
_ A Gulfis a part of the fea furrounded by land, except in one, part, where
it communicates with the ocean; as the Gulf of Bengal, the Gulf of Florida;
and yet thefe are more properly feas than the Mediterranean, the Baltic,
and the Black Seas, which, properly {peaking, are gulfs, as well as the Gulf
of Venice. wun &
A Bay is faid to differ from a gulf only in being lefs, and more narrow
at the entrance than within ; but this is far from being true; for a bay has
a wider entrance in proportion than a gulf, and it may be alfo larger than
fome gulls as for inftance, the Bay of Bifcay; though it muft be acknow-
Jedged that bays in general are much {maller. '
Creek is a {mall inlet, and is always much lefs than a bay.
' A Road is a place upon any coaft where there isa good anchorage, and
where veffels, in fome fenfe, are fheltered from the wind.
A Strait is a narrow paflage which joins two feas, two gulfs, or a fea and
a gulf; fuch as the Sound, near the Baltic; and the Straits of Gibraltar
between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. :
: A Lake is a colleétion of ftanding water furrounded by land, having ‘no
vifible communication with the fea. Thus the Cafpian Sea is truly and
hag a lake. Smaller lakes are thofe of Ladgga, Geneva, and feveral
ers.
INTRODUCTION,
Defeription of a Map. li
__ The top of moft modern Maps is confidered as the north, the bottom ag
the fouth, the'right hand.as the eaft, and the left hand as the weft... In old
Maps, where this rule is not always ftrifly followed, a flower de luce is
erally placed on fome part iof it, pointing toward the north, by which
e other points are eafily phe
On the top of the Map, between the marginal lines, are placed the fevera!
figures, which fhow the number of degrees of eaftern or weftern longitude
of every place that is direétly under thofe figures. At the bottom of moft
Maps are placed the fame figures as thofe at the top; but in Maps of the beit
fort, inftead thereof are placed the number of hours or minutes every place
in it hies diftant, eaft or weft, from its chief town or firk meridian. For in- |
flance, every place which is fituate one degree eaft of another, will appear
to have the Sun four minutes of time ei he it; and any one place, fituate one
degree weit of another, will appear to have the Sun four minutes of time. afte:
it. Again, a place fituate fifteen degrees eaft of us, as Naples, will appear
to have the Sun ove complete hour defore us at London; and a. place fituate
fifteen degrees welt of us, as the ifland of Madcira, will appear to have the
San one hour after us at London. ;
On the right and left hand of every Map, between the marginal lines, are
placed figures that fhow the number of degrees, either north or fouth latitude
which every place parallel with them is diftant from the equator. ‘Thus
London is fituate 51 degrees 30 minutes of north latitude; that is, it is
fo many degrees and minutes north from the equator. Over moft Maps are
drawn Tice: from the top to the bottom; and, from the right hand to the left ;
thofe which run from the top to the bottom, are lines of longitude, and thofe
which crofs them, lines of latitude ; but thefe are fometimes omitced, when
2 Map is too full to adinit of them.
Kingdoms ox Provinces are divided from each other, by a row of fingle
points, and they are often ftained with different colours. Cities or, great
towns are made like little houfes, with a.fmall circle in the middle of them
but fmaller towns or willagee are marked only with, little circles: Mountains
are imitated in the form of little rifing hillocks ; and fore/s are reprefented by
2 collection of little trees. The names of villages are:written in a runnin
hand, thofe of cities in a Roman character, and thofe of provinces.in large capi-
tals. The /ea is generally left as an empty {pace on the Map, except where
there are rocks, fands, or. fhelves, currents of water or wind. Rocks are
fometimes made in Maps like little pointed things fticking up fharp in the
fea. Sauds or shelves are denoted by a great heap of little points placed in the
fhape of thefe fands, as they have been found to lie in the ocean, by found-
ing the depths. Currezts of water are defcribed by feveral long parallel
¢rooked ftrokes, imitating a current... The cour/e of windsis reprefented by
the heads of arrows pointing to the coafts toward which the wind blows.
Small rivers are defcribed by a fingle crooked waving line, and Jarge rivers
by. fuch double and treble lines made ftrong and black. Bridges are diftin-
t
guifhed by a double line acrofs the rivers.
)
he
he bottom 2g
weft. In old
er de luce is
th, by which
ed the fevera]
rn longitude
ttom of moft
ps of the beit
s every place
ian. For in- |
» will appear
e, fituate one
of time. afte:
, will appear
place fituate
+to have the
nal lines, are
fouth latitude
uator. ‘Thus
that is, it is
oft Maps are
dto the left ;
Je, and thofe
nitted, when
ow of fingle
ities OY, great
dle cf them ;
». Mountains
prefented by
n a runni
n large capt-
xcept where
. ‘Rocks are
fharp in the
placed in the
a, by so
D all
valeined by
ind blows.
large rivers
+ are diftine
did running Nw throu
AAR
A, ariver of Dutch Brabant, which
waters Heélmont, and falls into the
Dommel, near Bois-le-duc.
Aa, ariver of the United Provinces,
which waters Zwoll, and enters the Vecht,
oppofite Haffelt.
AA, a river of Weftphalia, which rifes
near Munfter, waters that city, and falls
into the Embs. :
A\A, a river that rifes in the department
of Somme, in France, becomes navigable
near St. Omer, and patles on to Gravelines,
where it enters the German Ocean...
Aa, ariver of Courland, that rifes in
Saniojitia, and falls into the gulf of Riga.
Aa, a river of Swifferland, which
rifes in the valley of Engelberg, and
crofin Underwalden, falls into the
Waldftetter Seé. Near the abbey of
Engelberg, it has a noble cataraét.
AaR, a large river of Swifferland,
which iffues from a laké, near Mount
Saalberg, in the s of the canton of Bern,
extent of the lakes of Brient2 and Thun
to Bern, takes a circuitous courfe to So-
leure, whence it flows £ to Arburg, and
NE to Brug, below which it is joined
by the Reufs and Limmar, and then enters.
the Rhine below Zurzach,. Gold duit is
found if its ‘bed, conveyed 'to it by the
river Emme. %
AARBERG. See ARBERG;. and for
other words beginning with Aa, look
THE
GENERAL GAZETTEER;
GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY.
the. whole
ABE
_ ABACH, a town of Bavaria, on the
Danube, feven miles sw of Ratifbon
It has a citadel, and is remarkable for
Roman antiquities, and fome fine {pringe
of mineral water. Lon. 11 59 £, late
48 53 N. Pe
ABAKANSKOI, a fortified. town of
Siberia, in the province of Tobollk,
feated on the Janefka. Lon. 94 5 Ey
lat. 53 5N. J
ABALAK, a town in Siberia, two miles
from Tobolfk ; famous for an imagé of -
the Virgin, conftantly yifited by a great
number of pilgrims; the clergy carry it
every year in .proceffion, to Tobolfk.
Lon. 68 20 8, lat, 58:31,N,
Asano, a village five miles sw
of Padua, -in Italy, famous for warm
baths. In one, called bow di Fango,
the patients are covered with the warm
mud, in hopes of a cure.
_ ABARANER,a fown of Armenia, where
the archbithop of Nakfivan often refides 5
he is an Armenian, and yet there are 300
oman catholics {aid tobe in this place.
It is 20 miles n of Nakfivan. Lon. 63
59 8, lat.39 ONe | ce
BASKAJA, a town of Siberia, on the
river Ifchim. The church is furrounded
by a rampart and palifades, and garrifoned
by dragoons. Lon. 69 § B; lat..50 10 Ne
_ABEVILLE, a town of France, in the
department _of Somme and late province
of Picardy, feated in a pleafant. valley,
where the one divides into {everal
ABE
branches, and feparates the town into two
parts. A manufacture of woollen cloth
was fet up here in 1665: they alfo make
failcloth, coarfe linen, and black and green
foap. It is 52 miles s of Calais, and 80 N by
w of Paris. Lon. 1 55 £, lat. 507 N.
Abbey Boys.&. BoYLe.
AsBeY Hotm. See HoLM.
AsBBY MILTON. See MILTON.
Assors, or APEWwoop CastTLe, in
Staffordhhire, fituate on a lofty round pro-
montory, and a fteep ridge of hills (con-
jeStured to have been one continued ftor-
tification, and a work of the ancient
Britons) feven miles from Wolverhamp-
ton.
Asnors-BrRoMLeY, or PaGeTs-
Bromvey, a town of Staffordfhire, with
a market on Tuefday. It is fix miles £
of Stafford, and 129 NW of London.
Lon 1 53 Wy lat. 52 51 N.
Absporspury, a town in Dorfetfh.
where there is a famous {wannery. It h:
a market on Thurfday, and is feven mil
sw of Dorchelter, and 127 w by 8 of
London. Lon. 2 42 W, lat. 50 38 N.
ABBOTS-LANGLEY, 4 Village in Herts,
four miles sw of St. Alban’s, famous
for being the birthplace of Nicholas
Breakipeare, who, under the name of
Adrian tv, was the only Englifhman that
ever became pope, and whofe arrogance
was fuch, that’ he obliged the emperor
Frederic the Firft to proftrate himfelf
before him, kifs his foot, hold his ftirrup,
and lead the white palfry on which he
rode ; and yet he fuffered his mother to be
maintained by the alms of the church of
Canterbury.
ABENRADE, a town of Denmark, in
Slefwick, in a territory of its own name.
‘ It is a flourifhing place, and feated ona
pb bay of the Baltic, furrounded on
three fides by high mountains: Lon. 9
34 EF, lat.'55 6 N.
ABENSPURG, a town of Bavaria, on
the river Abens, near the Danube, 15
miles sw of Ratifbon. Lon. 11 55 £,
lat. 48 46 N.
ABERAVON, a town in Glamorgan-
fhire, feated at the mouth of the Avon,
19 miles NW of Cowbridge, and 195 w of
London. Lon. 3 48 w, lat. 51 35 N.
ABERBROTHWICK, ‘or ABROATH, a
royal borough of Angusfhire. It is a
final! neat town, in which is a confiderable
manufacture of failcloth and linen, and
the magnificent ruins of an abbey, faid
to have been founded by William the
Lion in 1178. It is 15 miles NE of
St. Andrews, and 40 NNzE of Edinburgh.
Lon. 2 39 W, lat. 56 36 N.
ABE
ABERDEEN, OLD, acity in Aberdeen-
fhire, on the s bank of the river Don,
over which is an old bridge, of one arch,
refting upon two oppofite rocks. The
town confilts only of one ftreet; but has
an ancient Gothic cathedral, in which are
two places of worfhip; and a college,
called King’s College.
ABERDEEN, NEW, a handfome city in
Aberdeenthire, fituate about one mile
from Old Aberdeen, on an eminence, on
the s fide of the river Dee; over which,
about two miles above the town, is an
tlegant bridge of feven arches. The
college, founded by earl Marifchal, 1593,
and called Marifchal College, is, like the
college in Old Aberdeen, an ancient edi-
fice, and a very refpeétable feminary,
Befide two papift churches, and the college
kirk, there is an elegant epifcopal chapel,
with feveral mecting-houtes. The other
ublic buildings are, a handfome town-
oule, Gordon's hofpital, an infirmary,
and a grammar fchol ‘The harbour, at
the mouth of the Dee, is defended by a
ftrong ftone pier, lately ere&ted. Betide
the coafting trade, vefiels are fent hence
to France, Spain, Portugal, and to the
northern ftates of Europe. The manu-
faétures are ftockings, cottons, &c. and
here is a fine falmon fifhery. The number
of inhabitants in Old and New Aberdeen,
and the {uburbs, is eftimated at 20,000.
Aberdeen is 84 miles Nw of Edinburgh.
Lon. 1 50 w, lat. 57 6 N.
ABERDEENSHIRE, a county of Scot.
land, bounded on the Nw by Bamffihire
and the river Deveron; on the N and NE
by the German Ocean; ‘on the s by the
counties of Kincardine, Angus, and Perth ;
and on the w by Invernefsthire. Its
length, from NE to sw, is 80 miles;
its breadth not quite 30. The NE part,
extending toward the river Ythan, is
called’ Buchan. There is much excel-
Jent pafture in the high parts; and the
level. tragt, called Strathbogie, contains
many well cultivated fields.
AxsERpouR, a village in Fifethire,
on the N coaft of the frith of Forth,
about 12 miles from Edinburgh. At this
place, the gallant earl of Murray was
murdered in 1592, on fufpicion of having
gained the affeétions of the queen.
ABERFORD, or ABERFORTH, a towg
in the w riding of Yorkfhire, with a
market on Wednefday. It is 16 miles
sw of York, and 184 NNw of London. -
‘Lon. 21 Wy lat. 53 son.
ABERFRAW, a village inthe ifle of
Anglefey, formerly a place of great ac-
_ count, the princes of N Wales having
yin Aberdeen-
he river Don,
» Of one arch,
rocks. The
reet; but has
,» in which are
wid a colleye,
ndfome city in
out one mile
eminence, on
> over which,
¢ town, is an
arches. ‘The
rifchal, 1593,
e, is, like the
n ancient edi-
ble feminary,
and the college
ifcopal chapel,
3. The other
ndfome town-
an infirmary,
he harbour, at
defended by a
ected. Betide
are fent hence
1, and to the
The manu-
tons, &c. and
The number
lew Aberdeen,
ed at 20,000.
of Edinburgh.
lunty of Scot.
by Bamffihire
the N and NE
the s by the
s, and Perth ;
{shire. Its
is 80 miles;
he NE part,
Ythan, is
much excel-
rts; and the
bie, contains
in Fifehire,
h of Forth,
gh. At this
urray was
on of having
ueen.
TH, a towg
ire, with a
is 16 miles
of London. -
‘the ifle of
bf great ac-
ales having
A'B-K
shen a palace hefe. -It is fix milés Nw of
Newburgh. a ‘ F
ABERGAVENNY, a well-built town in
Monmouththire, containing about 500
houfes, with two parith churches, and an
old caftle.. It.hasa market on Tuelday
and Friday, and: is 16 miles w. of Mon-
reieneanbene w by N-of London. Lon.
3.5.W, lat. 51 50 Ne 9
' ABERNETHY, atown in Murrayhhire,
on the river Spey, formerly the feat of the
Pigtith kings, and afterward. the’ {fee of
an archbifhon.
ABERYSTWITH, ‘a fimall town in Car-
diganfhire, on the Riddal, near its con-
fluence with the Iftwith, where it falls
into Cardigan Bay.’ The market, on
Monday, is confiderable. It is 30 miles
NE of Cardigan, and 203 wNw ot:Lon-
don. Lon. 4 0 Wy lat. 52.25 Ne
ABEX, a-country of Africa, on the
Red Sea, which bounds it on the £;
Abytfinia and Nubia lie on thew; Egypt
on the N3 and the coait of Ajan to the $s
Suaquam is the capital. Itiis a fandy
and barren country, being. déftitute of
water. The inhabitaats are. Mahome-
tans, tae
ABIAD, atown onthe coaft of Abex,
on a high mountain; and remarkable ‘tor
its trade in ebony and aromatic plants.
ABiaGRasso, a fimall town of Italy,
feated ona canal, in the duchy of: Milan
Lon. 9 24 E,. lat. 45:20 N. }
_ ABINGDON, a town in Betks, on the
Thames, with a.market.on Monday and .
Friday. - The affizes, feflions, and‘ other
county meetings, are often held here. «It
has a handfome townhall for the affizes,
&c. and two churches. ‘The town coniitts of
feveral well-built {treets, which centre in
a {pacious corn-mharket; :and great quan-
tities of malt are made here, and fent in
barges to Londons: : [t fends one member:
to parliament, and is feven. miles. s .of.
Oxtord, and 56 W af London, lon. 1
12 Wy lat. 61 42 Ne: \
ABIUL, a town of Beira, in Portugal,
containing 1300 inhabitants. Lons 7 10
W, lat, 40 20 Neo | WA
ABKHAS, one of the feven nations: in
the countries comprehended between the
Black Sea and the-Calpian. Their prin-
cipal.and; moft _amcient eftablithments are
en the fouthern: iflope: ofthe :mountaing
comprehended between the river Cuban
and:the Bla¢k:Sea. ' They:are: tributary
to. the Turks, and are divided: into::two
overnmentéy, the. weftersiiand the eatters: ;
ch fubje% toa bathaw; commonly choien:
out of; the principal (ative, families ; one:
of whom, relides::at SotchukKalé,: and the-
ABR
other at Soghumkalé. The Abkhas {peak
an original language, effentially different
from all the known. languages, though
appearing to have a very remote affinity '
to that of the Circaffians. They have,
at prefent, very little religion, although
they till preferve fome traces of Chriftr-
anity. ‘Their capital is Anacopir, for-
eer y Nicopfis. -
BLAY, a country in Great Tartary,
fubjest to the Ruilians ‘but their chief is
a Calmuck. Lon. from 72 to 93° 8, lat.
. §t to 54° N.
ABLOk, a town of Little Tartary, be-
tween the river Dnieper, and the Black
Sea. Lon. 33.15 8, lat. 46 20 N.
ABNAK15, Indians of North America,
between New England and Canada. They
hate labour, and could never be brought
to cultivate the ground.
ABO, a feaport, the capital of Swedith
Finland, on the point where the gulphs of
Bothnia and Finland unite. It contains
feveral brick houfes; but the generality
are of wood painted red. The inhabit-
ants export linen, corn, flax, and iron.
Here'is a univerfity, founded in 1640, by
queen Chriftiana; and here likewife is a
royal botanic garden, eftablifhed by the
late unfortunate Guftavus. Abo is an
¢pifcopal fee, 140 miles Ne of Stockholm. '
Lon. 22 18 £, lat. 6027 N.
ABO-FLOT, or ABO-HUS, an ancient
fort in’ Finland, on a peninfula, near the
mouth of the Aura. It has often fuffere
from ths enemy and by fire.
. ABOUTIGE, ABUTISH, or ABOHIBE,
a town in Upper Egypt, near the Nile,
where there grows’ plenty of poppies, of
which the beit opium is made. Lat. 26
50 N.
ABRAHAMSDORF, a fmall town in
Hungary, but well inhabited. Lon. tg
50 B, lat. 46 20N.
ABRANTES, a town of Portugal, in
Eftramadura, on the river Tajo. It con-
tains 35,000 iihabitants, has four con-
_ vents, and an hofpital. Lon. 7 18 w,
lat. 39 13. N.
ABREIRO, a town of Tra-los-montes,
in Portugal. Lon. 7 10 wW, lat. 41 20 N.
ABROLHOS, dangerous fhoals, about
50 miles from’ the coaft of Brafil, near the
itland of St. Barbe.
ABRUG-BANYA, a populous town in
Tranfylvania, on the river Ompay, 35.
miles above Alba’ Julia, near which are
mines of gold and filyer. Lon. 23 24.5,
lat. 46 50 Nu! atin ‘
ABRUZZO, a: ‘province of Naples,
bounded on the *'by the gulph’of Venice;
on-the N and w'by Atitonia, Umbria,
B a *
ABY
and Came1 di Rema; ahd ch the
s by Terra di Lavora and Molife. It is
divided into two parts by the river Pef-
cara; whereuf one 16 called Ulteriore, and
has Aquila for its capital; and the other
Citeriore, of which Solmona is the capital.
Befide. the Appennine Mountains, there
are two cthers, called Monte Cavallo and
Monte Mayallo. ‘This country is fertile
in.corn, rice, fruit, and faffron; but the
woods abound with bears and woives.
AVBSPERG, a {mall town in Suabia, in
the Norgow, near Anfpach.
ABSTKINEN, a bailiwie beyond the
river Memel, in the circle of Tapieu, be-
longing to the kingdom of Pruifia. It is
a mountainous, but pleafant cOUntTyy and
abounds in corn and cattlé.
ABYDOS, a town and, caftle of Natolia,
on the ftrait of Gallipoli. Here all thips
froin the Archipelago are fearched. Lon.
37 36 B, lat. 40 16 N.
AByo, or ABuyo, one of the Phil-
lippine iflands, between Mindinao and
Luzon, where the Spaniards have a fort.
Lon. 122 15 B, lat. 10 ON.
ABYSSINIA, a kingdom of Africa,
bounded on the n by Sennar, or Nu-
bja; on the E by, the Red Sea and
Dancala; on the w by Gorham; and
on the s by Gingia. and Alaba; lying
between 6 and 20° Ny lat. and. 26 and
4c°-E:lon. It is about. goo mile. long,
and 800 broad. The rainy feafon con-
tinues from Aprilto September. This is
fueceeded, without interval, by a cloud-
leis fky, and.a vertical fun. Cold nights
as inftantly follow thefe fcorching days.
The earth, notwithftanding thefe days, is
perpetually cold, fo aso feel difagreeable
to the foles of the feet; partly owing to
the fix months rain, when ne fun appears,
and partly to the perpetual equality of
nights anddays. ‘There is no country in
the world that produces a greater variety
ef quadrupeds, both wild and tame; but
there are no tigers. The hyenas, how-
ever, are very numerous, and dreadful in
their ravages. Befide many fpecies of
eagles, vultures; &c. there. is a ipecies of
glede, called haddayn,, which is very fre-
quent in Egypt, and comes -punétually
into Abyffinia, at the return of the funy
after the tropical rains; and. {torks, cover
the plains in May, when the rains become
conitant: there are few owls; but thefé
are of an immentfe fize and beauty. The
moft remarkable inieét is the Ttfaltfalor
fly, which is fo fatal to cattle, and even
_ to the camel, that, in fome particular
countries, great. migrations are obliged
te take place.in the ‘beginning of the
2
A C.H.
rainy feafon, to prevent.all their’ ftock of’
cattle from being deftroyed. Accordin
to Mr. Bruce, eclebrated: river Ni
has its fource in this country, near the
village of Geeth, in lon. 46 55 B, and lat.
10 $9 N. Gondar: is the metropolis.
There is a remarkable coincidence between
the cuftoms in the.court of ancient Perfia
and thofe of Abyffinia. The religion of
the country is a mixture of Judaiim and
of the Chriftianity of the Greek church ;
and the language 19 Ethiopic, which bears
a great affinity to the Arabic.
Acapia. See Nova Scovta.
ACAMBOU, a kingdom on the coaft of
Guinea, in Africa, whofe king is abfolute,
and al} -his: fubjects flaves; which, how-
ever, does: not prevent them from being:
haughty and infolent.
ACANNY, an inland country of Guineay
affording the beft gold, in great plenty.
There is a town of the fame name. Lon.
© 308, lat. 8 30N.
ACAPULCO, a confiderable town of
Mexico, feated on a bay of the S: Sea.
The harbour is very comvtodious, and
will hold near 100 veflels. Every year a
rich fhip is fent to Manilla; and another
returns annually thence tothis port, !aden
with the beft commodities of the E
Indies: One of thefe, laden with filver,
was taken by commodore Anfon, in 1743.
Lon. 102 20 w, lat. 17 22 S.
ACARIA, a town of S America, in
Paraguay, built by the Jefuits in 1624.
Lon. 51 5 W, lat. 2605. ,
ACBARABAD. See AGRA. (
ACERENZA, a town of-Naples, in the
province of Bafilicata, formerly the fee
of an archbifhop. Lon. 16 5 E, lat. 40
20 Ne > '
ACERNO, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Citeriore, with: a bifhop’s fee,
12 miles NE of Salerno. Lon.:15 6 E,
lat. 40 45 N.
ACERRA, a town of Naples, on the
river Agno, feven miles NE of Naples.
Lon. 14 30 E£, lat. 40 55 N.
Acu, a town of Suabia, in the land-
gravate of Nellenburg, on the river Achy
3 miles NE of Schafthaufen.
ACHAM, a country in Afia, bounded)
on.the N by Boutany on the £ by China,
onthe s by Burmah,-and on the-w by
Hindooftan. It is very. littke knownto the
ACHEEN, a kingdom in-the Nw: ‘part
of the. itkand of Sumatraj* now: very’ dif’
ferent Pg te times;! hy vis,
powerful. enot gto expel the uguefe
trom the. idan wey fowersigne re~
ceivedembaflies from-fome of: the. gavatclt
| their’ ftock of
1. According
ted: river Nile
ntry, near the
} $5 B, and hat.
Ne metropolis.
idence between
ancient Perfia
Phe religion of
f Judaifm and
Greek church ;
ic, which bears
1G.
COTTA.
on the coaft of
ing is abfolute,
J which, how-
m from being:
try of Guinea,
great plenty.
ename. Lon.
rable town of
of the S: Sea.
nviodious, and
Ev ear 2
‘5 stu’ choker
his port, faden
ies of the E
len with filver,
infon, in 1743.
S.
America, in
fuits in 1624.
RA. .
aples, in the
erly the fee
‘5 By lat. 40
ples, in Prin-
bifhop’s fee,
Lon.:15 6 Ey
aples, on the
E of Naples.
in the land-
he river Ach,
Afiay bounded!
E by China,
on'the.w by
known-to the
the Nw: ‘part:
ow Wery dif’
hen it . was
Portuguefe
bwereipnis re~
fi the. gavatclt
ACH
tentates of Europe. It is comparatively
ealthy, being more free from woods and
fwamps than the other parts of the ifland.
Its chief products are fine fruits, rice,
cotton, gold duft, and fulphur. The
Achinefe are, in general, taller, ftouter,
and much darker-complexioned than the
ether Sumatrans. They are’ more active
and induftrious than their neighbours, and
have inore fagacity and penetration. They
are Mahometans. | ,
ACHEEN, the capital of a kingdom of
the fame pame, in Sumatra, feated on a
river which flows into the fea, near the
Nw point of the ifland, or Acheen Head,
about’ two miles from the mouth, in a
wide valley, formed like an amphitheatre
by two lofty ranges of hills. The river,
which empties ittelf by feveral channels,
is very thallow at: the bar. The houfes
are built of bamboos and rough timbers,
and are raifed fome feet from the ground,
this part of the country being overflowed
in the rainy feafon. It is an open town,
in the centre of which is the king’s
palace, a rude piece of architecture, a
mile and a half in circumference, fur-
rounded by a wide and deep moat, 2ad
ftrong walls. A large manufagture of 3
thick kind ot cotton cloth, and of ftuff
tor the fhort trowfers worn by the Malays
and Achenefe, is eftablithed here. Pay-
ments are commonly made in gold duit,
which js carried about in “tadders. The
Achinefe are bold and expert navigators.
Crimes are punithed here with remarkable
rigour; but the rod of juftice, it is fup-
poled, falls onlyon the poor. * Petty theft
is punifhed by fufpending the offender
from a tree, with a gun, or other heavy
weight, tied to his feet; or by cutting off
a finger, hand, ot leg, according to the
nature of the theft. Many of thefe muti-
lated people are to be feen daily in the
ftreets. An adulterer lofes the protection
of his friends, and is delivered up to the
relations of the hufband, who convey him
to a large plain, and torm theméelves into
a circle, in the midft of which the culprit
is placed; a large weapon is then delivered
to him by one of his relations, and: if he
can force his way t! .ough, and efcape, he
is not liable to farther profecution; but
he js moft commonly cut to pieces in an
inftant; and his relations bury him as
they would a dead buffalo, on no account
admitting the cerpfe into their houte, or
performing any funeral rites. Highway-
robbers and houfebreakers are drowned ;
and their bodies are expofed, a few days;
ona ftake; but if a prieft be robbed, the
Ofender is burnt alive. Yet, after all,
ACR
the Achenefe are fppofed to be the moft
dithoneft and flagitious people in the Eaft.
Acheen is rooo’ miles sz of Madras.
Lon. 95 14 £, lat. 5 22 N. 2
sACHONRY, a fmall town of Ireland,
in the county of Sligo, on the Shannon.
ACHMETSCHET, a town of Crim T'ar-
tary, in the Ruffian province of ‘Taurida
and governinent of Catharinénilaf. Lon.
33 20 E, Jat. 45 ON.
AcHYR, a {trong town and caftle of the
Ukraine, on the river Uorfklo, 127 miles
E of Kiow. Lon. 36 10 &, lat. 49 32 N.
ACIERNO. See ACERNO. .
ACKEN, a finall town in the duehy of
Magdeburg. It has a citadel, and ftands
on the Elbe, five miles from Deffaw.
AcoMA, a town of New Mexico,
feated on a high mountain, with a trong
caftle. It is the capital of the province.
Lon.'104. rs W, lat. 35 oN. :
* Acgs, a town-of France, at the
foot of the Pyrenees, in the department
of Arriege and late province of Foix,
Its vicinity is noted for hot fprings. Lon.
140 £, lat. 430 N.
AcQua, a town in Tuftany, noted for
warm baths. Lon. 12 10 £, lat.43 45.
ACQUA-CHE-FAVELLA, a celebrated
fountain of Naples, in Calabria Citeriore,
ne”: the mouth of the river Crata, and its
ruins are called Sibari Rovinata. :
ACQUAPENDENTE, a large town of
Orvieto, with a bifhop's fee, feated’on a
mountain near the tiver Paglia, «50 miles
N ‘by w of Rome. Lon. 12 17 £, late
42 43 N.
Acquaria, @ fmall town in Frigana,
a diftrié of Modena, remarkable for its
medicinal waters. It is 12 miles s of
Modena. Lon. 119 Ey, lat. 44.12 N.
ACQUAVIVA, a town of Naples, in
Terra di Bari. Lon. 16 208, lat. 41 10 N.
AcqQut, a town of Montferrat. It has
commodious bathis, is a bifhop’s fee, and
feated’ on the Bormia, 25 miles Nw: of
Genoa, Lon. 8 352, fat. 44 40 N.
AcRA, a town on the coaft of Guinea,
where the Englith, Dutch, and Danes
have forts, and each fort its village.
Lon. 0 2 W, lat. 5 oN.
Acre, a feaport of Paleftine, formerly
called Ptulemais. It is abifhop’s fee. It
was famous in the time of the ‘crufaces,
and underwent feveral fieges ; but is now
inconfiderabie, and entirely fupported by
its harbour. [It is 23 miles 5 of Tyre,
and 37 .N of Jerutalem. Lon. 45 25 £,
ht. 32 32 Ne .
ACRON, a territory on, the Gold coaft
of Guinea. - The Dutch have a fort here
called J’ort Patience ; and under it is the
B3
village, inhabited only by fifhermen. The
other inhabitants are hufbandmen, and fell
their corn to other, countries.
plenty of game, which is very commmodi-
ous for the Dutch factory. ‘This is called
Little Acron, Great Acron being further
inland, and a kind of republic. |
. ACROTERI, a town in the ifland of
Santorini. Lon. 26 1 £, lat. 36 25 N.
Acton, East, a village in Middlefex,
fix miles: w of London, noted , for its
medicinal waters. ’
Acton-BurneL, 2 village in Shrop-
fhire, eight miles from Shrewfbury. A
rliament was held here in the reign of
ward 1, when the lords fat in the cattle,
and the commons in a barn, which is ftil]
ftanding. . A:great part of the. caftle re-
mains ;. the walls exceedingly ftrong, and
‘adorned with fine battlements and rows of
‘windows curioufly carved ; and. mujft, from
its prefent appearapets have been a mag-
nificent ftructure.. : os
Apam’s-PikE,. a high mountain in the
ifland of Ceylon; on; the top . of .which
they believe: the -firft, man , was: created:
pe there is a thape of,a .man's foot; cut
out of the rock,. about five or, fix feet in
length, which they pretend is the print of
his foot. And near this isa reef of rocks,
which run over. to the continent, called
Adam’s Bridge; for they fay it was made
by angels to carry him over to the main
d. However, we mutt obferve,. that
thefe are European names; for the firlt
man is not called Adam by the natives. ;
AbDaNa, an ancient and handfome town
ef Natolia, in a chaning climate, witha
bithop’s fee. It is featedon the Choquen,
25 miles NE of Tarfus. Lon. 36 12 &£,
lat. 37 26.N.
‘Appa, a river, which rifes in the
country of the Grifons, and falls into the
Po, near Cremona. ._..
_.ADEL; a kingdom of.Africa, called
alfo Zeila, from its capital. It lies on
the s coaft of the ftrait of Babelmandel.
It feldom rains here, and. yet the country
is fruitful, being well, watered by rivers.
lg abounds with wheat, millet, frankin-
cee; and pepper; and the tails of their
fhe ein eal -each. The inhabitants
ave Mahometans. -
ADEN, once a rich but now abandoned
feaport of Arabia Felix, 60 miles. £ of
Mosha. Lon. 46 30 £, lat. 13 10 N.
ADENBURG, or ADDENBURG, a town
of Weftphalia, in the duchy of Berg, 12
miles NE of Cologne. Lon. 7 16 g, lat.
St 2N. ve
ApiGE, a river of Italy, which has
its fource to the s of the lake Glace,
5
.
There is .
ADZ
among ,the Alps, and, runs ‘s by Trent,
and £ by Nerona, into the gulf ot. Venice.
ADMIRALTY. Isyanns, a cluiter of
iflands in the § Pacific:;Ocean, to the NW
of New, Ireland. They: were. difcovered
in: 1767; {ene of them, appear of confi-
derable extent; and the centre one. is fup-
poled to be in lon. 146 44 Ey date 2 18 %
ApDon, a town of Hungary; in the pro-
vince of Stuhl-Weiflemburg, \feated in a
fruitful country near the Danube., Lon.
19 25 5, lat..47 33-Ne 4zutt
ADONI, a town of Golconda, in the
peninils of Hindoftan, on ,‘one ot the
branches of the. Tungebadda., It-is 175
miles sw of Hydrabad, and 310 Nw. of
Madras. Lon. 77.0 E, lat..15 37:Ne. |
Apour, ariver.of France, which rifles
in the department of the Upper Pyrenees,
and running by ‘Tarbes.and Dax, falls into
the bay of Biicay, below Bayonne,
ADRA, a feaport of Granada, in Spain,
Lon, 2:37) W5
47 miles.sz of Granada.
lat. 36.48 N. aah
ADRIA, a town in the. territory of
Venice, which gives name to the Adridtic
Sea. _It.is.a bifhop’s fee, 25 miles ssw
of Venice. Lon. 12 §:By,lat. 45.8:Ns
ADRIANO, a mountain of Spain, in
Bifcay. _ There is.a road.over itto Aalba
and Old Caitile,.which is. very difficult;
at its beginning there.is adark path of 50
paces, cut through-a rock; after, which is
the mountain that .muft be. pafled over.
It. is..one,.of , the. higheft, of the Pyre-
nees; .and is:only inhabited by a few
thepherds. st iy et
- ADRIANOPLE,, a celebrated ‘town. of
Turkey in Europe, in Romania, with an
archbithop's fee; fituate in.a fine plain,
on the 'river Marazi, 115 miles Nw of
Conftantinople. The grand fignior often
vifits this place. It is eight miles in. cir-
cumference; but the ftreets are harrow_and
crooked, Lon. 26 27 E, lat. 41 45 N»
ADRIATIC SEA. ‘ee VENICE, GULB
OF. ;
ADVENTURE ISLAND,.a fimall. ifland
in the S Pacific Ocean, fo called from the
thip Adventure, in which capt. Furneaux
failed. Capt. Cook found the people to
be mild and cheerful, with little of that
wild appearance which favages in general
have. They were, however, almoft totally
devoid of aétivity.or genius, and were
nearly on a level with the wretched natives
of Tierra del Fuego. Lon. 147 29 Ws
lat. 43 21S.
AbDULA, a mountain of Spain, in
Navarre, between Painpeluna and St. Jean
de Pié de Fort.
ApzeENora, 4 {mall town of Spain,
Z
‘uns '& by Trenty
ng gulf ot. Venice,
IDS, a cluiter. of
Ieean, to the nw
r were. difcovered
|. appear of confi-
centre one. is fup-
4 E, lat. 218%
agary; in the pro-
burg, \feated in a
- Danube. Lon.
solconda,. in the
. on one.-of .the
adda. Itis 175
_and 310 Nw. of
at. 15 37:Ne, |
ance, which rifes
Upper Pyrenees,
id bax, falls into
Bayonne, -
anada, in Spain,
Lon, 2:37:35
the. territory of
to. the Adridtic
25 miles ssw
lat. 45. 8:Na.
n of Spain, in
over itto Aalba
very difficult;
lark path of t50
; after, which is
be pafied over,
_ of the Pyre-
ited by a few
rated ‘town of
nania, with an
na fine plain,
miles Nw of
d fignior often
it miles in. cir.
ale Narrow and
at. 41 45 Ne
ENICE, GULRB
a {mall ifland
alled from ‘the
apt. on pe
© people to
Tisleat that
ges in general
almoft totally
us, and were
etched natives
Ne 147 29 Ws’
f Spain, in
a and St. Jean
mn of Spain,
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AFR
in Valentia, feated on mount Pegna Golofa.
Lon. 2 16 Wy, lat. 39 10.N.
fEcapes, or ZEGATES, three finall
iflands onthe W fide of Sicily, between
Martella and Trapani; their names are
Levenzo, Favignana, and Maretama.
AERSHOT, a town in Brabant, on the
river Demur, ten miles E of Mechlin.
Lon, 4 49 Ey lat. 51 1 N.
fETNA. See Erna.
AFRICA, one of the four principal
arts of the world; bounded on the Nn
y the Mediterranean Sea; on the w
by the Atlantic Ocean; on the £ by the
itthmus of Suez, the Red Sea, and the In-
dian Ocean; and on the s by the Southern
Ocean. Jc is a peninfula of prodigious ex-
tent, being joined to Afia by the ifthmus
of Suez, which is 60 miles over. In its
greateft length, from the moft northern
part to the Cape of Good Hope, it is
4600 miles; and in the broadeft part,
from Cape Verd to Cape Guardafui, it is
3500, The greateft part of it is within
the torrid zone, which renders the heat
almoft infupportable in many places. How-
ever, the coafts in general are very fertile,
the fruits excellent, and the plants extra-
ordinary. There are more wild beafts
than in any other part of the world: there
are alfo fome animals peculiar to this
country; as the hippopotamus, or river
horfe ; the rhinoceros, with two horns on
its nofe; and the beautiful {triped zebra.
Befide thefe, they have crocodiles, oftriches,
camels, and many other animals not to be
met with in Europe. There are feveral
deferts, particularly one of a large extent,
called Zahara; but thefe are not quite
without inhabitants, There are many
large rivers; but the principal are the
Nile and the Nigen, of which laft, the
Senegal and the Gambia are only branches,
‘The moft confiderable mountains are the
Atlas, the Mountains of the Moon, and
the Sierra Leone, or the Mountains of the
Lions. The inhabitants confift of Pagans,
Mahometans, and Chriftians. The firft,
which poffefs the greateft part of the
country, from the tropic of Cancer to the
Cape. of Good Hope, are the moft nu-
merous, and are generally black. The
Mahometans, who are tawny, poflefs
Egypt and the coaft of Barbary. ' ‘The
people of Abyffinia are denominated Chrif-
tians, but retain many pagan and jewith
rites. In the n of Africa are fome Jews,
who manage all the little trade of that
pare of the country. The principal divi-
ions of Africa are Barbary, Egypt, Bile-
dulgerid, Zahara, Negroland, Guinea,
Borynou, Cafhna, Fezzan, Senna, Nubia,
AGE
Abyffinia, Abex,. Loango, Congo, An-
gola, Benguela, Mataman, Zanguebar,
Monomotapa, Monomugi, Sofola, Caf-
fraria, and the country of the Hottentots.
In 1788, an affociation was formed tor the
purpofe of having the interior regions of
Africa explored; and Mr. Ledyard and
Mr. Lucas were feleéted as their mitfion-
aries. Mr. Ledyard died on the journey ;
but "Ar. Lucas is fill purfuing his re-
fearches. Tue affociation have already
colleed much geographical informa-
tion.
AFRICA, a feaport of the kingdom of
Tunis, 70 miles ssz of funis. It was
taken by Charles v, who demolifhed the
fortifications. Lon. 11 10 By, lat. 35
36 N.
AFRIQUE, ST. a finall town of France,
in the department of Averion, fix miles
E of Vabres.
AGADES, a kingdom of Africa, in Ne-
gtoland, with a town of the fame name,
tributary to the king of Tombuétou. It
produces excellent {enna and manna. Lon.
13 20 E, lat. 19 10 N.
AGAMENTICUS, a mountain of N
America, in the diftri€& of Main. It is
a noted landmark for failors, about eight:
miles from the fea, in lat. 43 16. .
AGATHA, ST. a town of Naples, in
Principato Ulteriore, witha bifhop’s fee,
20 mnilae NE of Naples. Lon. 14 36
lat. 41 5 N.
AGATTON, a town near the mouth of
the Formofa, on the coaft of Guinea, 80
miles s of Benin. Lon 7 6 £, lat. 7 20 Ne
AGDE, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Herault and late province of Lan-
guedoc, feated on the, river Herault, not
ar from its mouth: inthe gulf of Lyons,
where there is a fort to defend the entrance.
It is 17 miles NE of Narbonne. Lon,
3 33 E, lat. 45 19 N.
AGEN, an ancient town of France, in
the late province of Guienne, the epiico-
pal fee of the department of Aveiron. It
is feated in a fertile country, on the banks
of the Garonne. Prunes, on account of
their antifcorbutic property, form here a
confiderable object of commerce; of which
the Dutch take great quantities for long
voyages. Great part of the hemp. in the
neighbourhood is manyfaétured inte table
linen, which is fent to Cadiz, and thence
exported to the Spanith iflands, Here are
likewife manufaétures of camblets, ferges,
and failcloth. Agen is 108 miles sé of
Bourdeaux. J,on. o 40 Ey lat. 42 12 N,
AGENABAT, a town of Trantylvania ;
10 iniles NE of Hermanftadt. Lon. 24
50 Ey lat. 46 32 N. “$
AGN
AGeR, atown of Spain, in Catalonia.
Lon. 1/50 £, lat. 41 g0'N.
Acca, or AGcona, a town and
country onthe coaft of Guinea, in which
is a very high hill, called the Devil's
Mount, fuppofed to contain a great quan-
tity of af. The Englith have a fort
here. Lon.oo, lat-60N.
AGGERHUYS, a fortrefs of Norway, in
a province of the fame name, which is full
of mountains. It is 30 miles Nw of
Frederickthali, Lon. 10 20 £, lat. 59
30 N. See CHRISTIANIA.
AGHRIM, a village in the county of
Galway, memorable for the decifive vic-
tory, pained in 1691, by the army of
king William, over that of James 11.
GHRIN, a town in the county of
Wicklow, 13 miles sw of Wicklow.
Lon. 6 21 W, lat. 52 45 N.
AGIMERE, or AZMERE, the capital
of a territory of the fame name in Hin-
doftan Proper, built at the foot of a
very high mountain; on the top of which
is a fortrefs of great ftrength. It is 230
miles w of Agra; and yet the famous
emperor Acbar, fays major Rennel, made
a pilgrimage on foot, to the tomb of a
faint there,’ to implore the divine bleffing
on his family, which, at that time, con-
fifted only of daughters: but after this
pilgrimage, he had three fons added to it.
§Sehanguire, his fon, occafionally kept his
court here; and this occafioned the vifits
of fir Thomas Roe to this place from
Surat. Lon. 75 20 £, lat. 26 35 N.
’ Aaincourt, a village of France, in
the department of the Straits of Calais
aud late county of Artois, feven miles n
of Hefdin. Near this place, Henry v,
king of England, obtained a fignal vic-
tory over the French, in 1415.
AGMAT, atown of Morocco, on a river
of the fame name, and on the declivity of
one of the mountains of Atlas, 16 miles
$'of Morocco. Lon. 7 15 Wy, lat. 39
55'N. :
AGMONDESHAM.
, am. See AMERSHAM.
AGNADELLOA, a village of the Mila-
nefe, famous for a victory gained by
Lewis x11, over the Venetians, in 1509,
and by thie duke of Vendéme over prince
Eugene, in 1705. It is feated on the
canal between Adda and Serio, five miles
sé of Caffana. Lon. 9°26 £, lat. 45
25. or?
* ACA Anas a circular lake, in the king-
dom of Naples, feven miles from Puzzofi.
It is about half a mile in diameter, fiw-
rounded by mountains; and on its margin
is fituate the famous Grotta del Cane.
See CANE, GROTTA DEL.
AJ-A 4
AGOSTA, a town of Sicily, with an ex.
cellent harbour. ‘The greateft part of it
was deftroyed by an earthquake in 1693.
Lon. 15 15 £, Jat. 37 35 N.
AGRA, the capital of a province of the
fame name, in Hindoftan roper, feated
on the s bank of the river Jumna, which
is feldom fordable. It was once the moft
fplendid of all the Indian cities, and now
exhibits the moft magnificent ruins. About
the year 1566, the emperor Acbar made
it his capital, and gave his name. to it;
fince which time it 1s’ often named Acba-
rabad, It was then a fmall fortified
town; but it foon fprung up to an ex.
tenfive well built city, regularly fortified
according to the Indian method, and with
a fine citadel of red freeftone. Perhaps
it has feldom happened tliat a city of fuch
great extent and magnificence has declined
orapidly. Agra is roo miles s by gE of
Delhi. Lon. 78 39 £, lat. 27 oN.
AGREDA, a town of Spain, in Old Ca.
ftile, eight miles sw of T'aracona. Lon.
20 W, lat. 41 53 N.
AGRI; a fma!l, but ftrong town, of
Upper Hungary, with a bithop’s {ee and
acitadel. It was taken by the Turks in
1596, and retaken in 1687. It is feated
on the river Agria, 47 miles nz of Buda.
Lon. 20 10 £, lat. 48 10 N.
AGRIGNAN, one of the Ladrone iflands,
40 miles in compafs, Lon. 146 0 £, lat.
19 40 N.
Acua DE PAO, a town in the ifland of
St. Michael, one of the Azores. Lon. 25
40 W, lat. 38 oN.
Acuas BELLAs, a town of Portugal,
in Eftramadura. Lon. 8 5 Wy, iat. 39
40 N.
AGUILA, a town of the kingdom of
Fez, feated on the river Aguila. '
AGUILAR, a town of Spain, in Na-
vatre, 24 miles w of Eftella. Lon. 2
30 E, lat. 42 35.N.
AGURANDE, a fmall town of France,
in the department of Indre and late pro-
vince of Berry. Lon. 2 10 £, lat. 47
20 N.
AHvYS, a ftrong town of Sweden, in
the province of Gothland, with a good
harbour, 15 miles se of Chriftianitadt.
Lon. 14 15 E, lat. 56 15 N.
Ayaceio, or Ajazzo, a fine feaport
of ‘Corfica, on the w fide of the ifland,
built on a point of land that juts into the
gulf. Lon. 8 50 £, lat. 35 50 N.
AJAZZ0, a feaport of Natolia, in the
province of Carainania, feated on the
Mediterranean, 30 miles nN of Antioch,
and 40 w of Aleppo, where ftood the
city of Iffus, and a Alexander fought
» With an ex.
eft part of it
ike in 1693.
‘ovince of the
roper, feated
umna, whicly
once the molt
ies, and now
ruins. About
Acbar made
name. to it;
1amed Acha-
nall fortified
‘Ip to an ex.
larly fortified
od, and with
ne. Perhaps
a city of fuch
: has declined
les s by gE of
27 ON.
1, in Old Ca.
cona. Lon.
ng town, of
op’s fee and
the Turks in
It is feated
NE of Buda.
drone iflands,
1460 £, lat,
the ifland of
CS. Lon. 2§
of Portugal,
W, sat. 39
kingdom of
a.
hin, in Na-
ne =©Lon. 2
of France,
d late pro-
Ey lat. 47
Sweden, in
ith a good
riftianitadt.
ne feaport
the ifland,
hts into the
lO N.
blia, in the
td on the
Antioch,
ftood the
der fought
AIL
bis fecond battle with Darius.
o£, lat. 37 ON.
: Aci, : town of Bavaria, on the Par,
It was taken and burnt by the Swedes in
1634. Lon, 31 20 By lat. 48 30 N.
AIcHusT aT, a town of Franconia, capi-
tal of a bithopric of the fame name. It
js remarkable for a curious piece of work.
manfhip, called the Sun of the Holy Sa-
crament, which is in the church: itis of
maily gold, of great weight, and is en-
riched with 350 diamonds, 1400 pearls,
250 rubies, and other precious ftones. ‘This
face is feated in a valley, on the river Alt-
mul, 30 miles s of Nuremberg Lon. 11
10 E, lat. 48 57 N. ‘The bifhopric is
45 miles in length, and 17 in breadth.
AIELLO, a finall town of. Naples, in
Abruzzo Ulteriore, belonging to the he-
reditary prince of Modena, Lon, 15 20
E, lat. 41 40 N,
AIGLE, a town of Swifferland, in the
canton of Bern, feated on the Rhone, fix
miles from its entrance into the lake of
Geneva. All the houfes, even the meanett,
are built of white marble, found in the
neighbourhood.
AIGLE, a town of France, in the de-
yartment of Orne and late province of
ormandys 47 miles sw of Rouen, Lon.
1 OE, lat. 48 45 Ne
AIGNAN, ST. atown of France, in the
department of Loire and Cher and late pro-
vince of Blafojs, ‘It is in the form of
an amphitheatre, at the foot of which
runs the Cher, at the djftance of 60 miles
from Bourges.
Arcue Mortg, a town of France, in
the department of the Mouths of the
Rhone and late province of Languedoc. It
is very ftrong, on account of its fituation
among the moraffes, though at fome dif-
tance’ from the fea. It had a harbour,
which is now choked up, Lon. 4 3 £,
lat. 43 34.N. ;
AIGueE-PERSE, a town of France, in
the department of Puy-de-Dome and late
province of Auvergne, 18 miles Nn of
Clermont, and 261 5 of Paris. It has a
fountain, once regarded as a prodigy, its
cold water haying the appearance of
boiling: hut the chymilts can now innitate
thele cold fermentations by a mixture of
ferruginous and vitriolic particles. The
water of this {pring is faid to be fatal to the
animals that anne it. Lon 3 208, lat,
466N. ,
AILAH, 9 town ¥ Arabia Petrea,
on the gE fide of the Red Sea, near the
road which the pilgrims take from Egypt
to Mecca. Lon. 36 40 E, lat. 29 10 N,
AILESBURY, the lyrgeit and moit po-
Lon. 33
AIX
pulous town in Buckinghamfhire, with a
- market on Saturday. It confifts of feveral
ftreets lying about the market place, which
is large, and in the middle of it is a very
convenient hall, in which this town thares
the affizes with Buckingham, It is alio
the centre of the bufinelg of the yale of
Ajletbury, which occupies the centre of
the county, and is one of the moft fertile
tras in England, The inhabitants of
this town, and its nejghbourhoad, have
the art of rearing early ducklings, which
is carried to fuch an extent, that it is faid
30001, have been received at Ailefbury,
for the fupply of the London market, in
fix weeks, ulually terminating in March.
This town fends two members to parlia-
ment; and is 16 miles sz of Buckingham,
and 41 Nw of London, Lon. © 42 Ws
lat, 51 50 N. | !
AILSA, a great infulated rock, to the
s of the ifle of Arran, in Scotland. Its
bafe is two miles in circumference. It
confifts of a ftupendous affemblage of pre-
cipitous cliffs, rifing in a wild feries,
forming a pyramidal mountain, goo fect
high, acceflible only on the NE. The
rujns of a chapel, and of a caftle, are ftil]
feen ; and within 30 yards of the latter, is
a {pring of frefh water. The lower parts
are inhabited by goats and rabbits, and the
lofty fummits are the refuge of innumers
able featowls, js
AIME, or AXIMA, a fmall town in Sa-
voy, on the rjver Ifere,
A1N, a department of France, lately
the province of Breffe. It takes its name
from a river which rifes at the foot of.
Mount Jura, and falls into the Rhone,
above Lyons.
AINSA, a town of Spain, in Arragon,
on the river Ara.
AIRE, 3 town of France, in the depart-
ment of Landes and late province of Gaf-
cony, feated on the river Adour, on the -
declivity of a mountain, 65 miles s of
Bourdeaux. Lon. o 16 £, lat. 43, 42 N.
AIRE, a ftrong town in the department
of the Straits of Calais and late province
of Artois. It is feated on the river Lis,
22 miles 5 of Dunkirk, and communicates
with St. Omer, by a canal from the river
Aa. Lon. 2 29 E, lat. 30 42 Ne
AISNE, 3 department of France, in-
cluding the late provinces of Soiffonnois
and Vermandois. It takes its name from
a river, which runs by Soiffoni, and falls’
into the Oile, near Compjegne.
- XIX, an ancient city of France. It.
was the capital of the late province of
Provence, when jt had a parliament. It
is now the metropolitan {ce of the depart-
ALA
ment of the Mouths of the Rhone, feated
ina plain, where there are hot baths near
the river Arc. It is 75 miles £ of Mont-
pellier, Lon. 5 31 &, lat. 434 32 N.
AIX, an ancient town of Savoy, on the
lake of Bourget. Here are mincral waters,
much frequented. It is eight miles N of
Chamberry. Lon. 6 fo £, lat. 45 40 N.
Arx, a fmall ifland of France, between
the ifle of Oleron and the continent. It is
memorable for an expedition of the Englith
in 1757, againft Rochefore, when they
returned without doing any thing, except
demolifhing the fort of this ifland. It is
r2 miles Nw of Rochefort. Lon. 1 5 w,
jut. 46 5 N.
AIx-LA-CHAPELLY, a free and im-
perial city of Weftphalia. ‘The emperor
Charlemagne was io delighted with the
heauty of the place, that he ‘chofe it for
his refidence. He is interred inthe church
of Notre Dame, where. they keep his
{word and belt, and the Four Evangelifts,
written in letters of gold, which are made
ufe of at the coronation of the emperors.
Its famous mineral waters draw a great
number of perfons every year. In 1668 and
1748, it was diitinguifhed by two cele-
brated treaties of peace. It was taken by
the French in 1792, retaken by the
Auftrians in 1793, and again taken by the
French in 1794. It is feated in a bottom,
furrounded by mountains, 22 miles NE of
Liege. Lon. 6 3 £, lat. 50 48 N.
AkissaT, a town of Natolia, the an-
cient Thyatyra, built ina fine plain above
17 miles over, which is fown with corn
and cotton. It is inhabited by about 5000
Mahoimetans, and is feated on the river
Hermits, 50 miles sz of Pergamo. Lon.
28 30 £, lat. 38 48 N.
ALABA, or ALAVA, one of the three
divifions of the province of Bifcay, in
Spain, bounded on the N by Guipufcoa
and Bifcay Proper, on the E by Navarre,
on the s by Old Caftile, and on the w
by that province and Bifcay Proper. Vit-
toria is the capital.
ALADULIA, a province of Turkey in
Afia, between Amafia and the Mediterra-
nean, toward Mount Taurus. ‘The coun-
try is rough, ftony, and inacceffible, on ac-
count of the great number of mountains.
But there are good paftures, and they breed
excellent horfes and camels.
ALAGOA, a town in the ifle of St.
Michael, one of the Azores.
ALAISs, a town of France, in the de-
p2rtment of Gard and late province of
Languedoc, feated on the river Gardon,
near a beautiful meadow, at the foot of
the Cevennes. It-contains 10,0co inha-
ALB
bitants, was lately an epifcopal fee, and
has a citadel. It is 37 miles N of Mont-.
pellier, Lor. 4 ro £, lat. 44 8 N.
ALAND, a clufter of iflands, at the
entrance of the gulf of Bothnia, in the
Baltic Sea, The principal ifland, which
gives name to the reft, is 40 miles long,
and from 12 to 16 broad. It is included
in the government of Swedifh T'inland, and
is 75 miles NE of Stockholm. Lon. 20
© Ey lat. 600 N.
ALATAMEA, pronounced Ottamaw-
haw, anoble river of N America, called
alfo St. Georce’s River. It rifes in
the Allegany mountains, ani taking a
foutheatterly direétion throuzh Georgia,
empties itlelf, by feveral mouths, into
the Atlantic Ocean, about 60 miles sw
of the river Savannah.
ALATRI, a town of Italy, in Cam-
pagna di. Roma, on a hill, with a bifhop's
fee; 40 miles sz of Rome. Lon. 13 8,
E, lat. 41 30 N.
ALATYR, a town of Ruffia, in Afia,
on the river Suru, 40 miles £ of Katan.
ALAUTA, a river of ‘fnrkey in Eu-
rope, which rifes in the mountains that
feparate Moldavia and Tranfylvania, runs
through Walachia, and enters the Danube,
near Nicopolis.
ALBA, a town of Italy, in Montferrat,
with a bifhap’s fee; feated on the river
Tanaro, 20 miles sz of Turin, Lon.
8 5 E, lat. 44 46 N.
ALBA-JULIA, acity of Tranfylvania,
with a bifhop’s fee, and a univerfity;
feated on the declivity of a hill, near the
river Ompias, 25 miles w of Herman-
ftadt. Lon. 240 £, lat. 46 26 N.
ALBANIA, a province of ‘Turkey in
Europe, on the gulf of Venice; bounded
on the s by Livadia, on the £ by Thef-
falia and Macedonia, and on the n by
Boinia and Dalmatia. It produces excel-
lent wine; and the inhabitants are good
horfemen, and great thieves. They are
of the Greek church, and defcended from
the ancient Scythians. Durazzo is the
capital.
ALBANO, a town of Italy, on a lake
of the fame name, in Campagna di Roma,
with a bifhop’s fee. The territory about
it produces the beft wine in all this coun-
try, and many noblemen have gardens
here, where they fpend the fummer. It
is 15 miles sE gf Rome. Lon. 12 50 £,
lat. 41 43.N. .
ALBANO, a town of Naples, in Bafi-
licata, remarkable for the fertility of the
foil, and the nobility of the inhabitants,
ALBANOPOLIS, a town of Turkcy in
Europe, formerly the capital of Albania,
opal fee, and
s N of Mont-
148 N.
ands, at the
thnia, in the
ifland, which
o miles long,
[t is included
1 Finland, and
n. Lon. 20
1 Ottamaw-
nerica, called
It rifes in
inl taking a
inh Georgia,
mouths, into
60 miles sw
ly, in Cam-
ith a bifhop's
Lon. 13 8,
fia, in Afia,
E of Katan.
wkey in Eu-
ountains that
fylvania, runs
s the Danube,
n Montferrat,
on the river
urin. Lon.
Tranfylvania,
a univerfity;
hill, near the
ot Herman-
26 Ne
Turkey in
ce; bounded
E by Thef-
mn the N by
bduces excel-
ts are good
They are
cended from
azzo is the
, on a lake
a di Roma,
ritory about
l this coun-
ve gardens
mmer. It
- 12 50 Ey
s, in Bafi-
ility of the
mhabitants,
Turkey in
f Albania,
ALB
feated on the river Drino, 43 miles & of
Aleifio. Lon. 2012 Ey lat. 41 48N.
A.Ban’s, ST. an ancient borough of
Herts, on the river Coln, fo called from
St. Alban, who was the firft martyr in
England, and was buried ona hill in the
neighbourhood. Offa, king of the Mer-
cians (to atone for the murder of Ethel-
bert, prince of the Bait Angles) erected a
monattery here, and dedicated it to St.
‘Alban. Edward v1 incorporated the town,
which is© governed by a mayor, high
fteward, recorder, 12 aldermen, &c. Here
are three churches, .belide the ancient one
that belongéd to the monaftery, which the
inhabitants purchafed of Edward v1 tor
le and is*now a parifh church. ‘The
rine of St.. Alban {tvod in the eaft part ;
and in the paveintnt are to be teen fix
holes, im which the fupporters of it were
fixed. Here, alio is the monument of
Offa, and: of Humphrey duke of Glow.
cefter, whole leaden cottin was dilcovered
in a vault, in.1703, the body prelerved
alinoft intire by a pickle. Not a veltige,
betide this church, remains of the abbey,
except the gateway. In the churchof St.
Michael is the monument of the illuftrious
Francis Bacon, .vifcount St. Alban’s.
In. the centre of’ the town ftood one of the
magnificent:croffes, erected by Edward 1,
in. honour..of his: queen Eleanor;.and a
building ereéted in its ftead, in 1703, ftill
retains the name of the Crofs. Near the
town, is a kind of fortification, duppoted
by fome to:be thecamp of Oftérius, the
Roman propretor; but others imagine it
to have heen the tite of the Saxon royal
palace at Kingfbury.. St. Alban’s is ta-
mous for the vittory obtained by Richard
duke of York, in 1455, over Henry v1;
and for a victory which queen Margaret
gainediin 1461, over the earl of Warwick.
This town rofe trom the ruins of the an-
cient city of Verulam, many veftiges: of
which are to be feen in the neighbourhood.
The market is on Wednelday and Satur-
day. St. Alban’s fends two, members to
parliament, and is 21 miles N by w of
London. Lon.o 14 Wy, lat. 5145 N.
ALBANY, 2 fort belonging to the Eng-
lith, on the,sw of Hudion’s Bay. Lon.
81 20 W, lat. 52 20 N.
ALBANY, a city of N America, in the
{tate of New York, on the w fide of
Hudifon’s river, 160 miles N of New
York. — It contains 600 houfes, and 4000
inhabitants, collected from almoft all parts
of the northern world. Adventurers are
led here, by the advantages for trade,
which this place affords; it being fituate
on one of the fineit rivers in the world,
ALB
and the ftorehoufe of the trade toand from
Canada and the Lakes. Lon. 75 20 w,
lat. 42 36 N. ,
ALBANY, Or BREADALBANE, a dif.
triét of Scotland, in Perththire. © Albany
gives the title of duke to his majetty's
jecond fon, Frederic duke of York.
' ALBARAZIN, an ancient and ftrong
‘town of Spain, in Arragon, with a bifhop's
fee. Its wool is the beft in Arragon, It
is feated on the Guadalavir, 100 miles B of
Madrid. Lon. 1 16 w, lat.40430N. ~
ALBAZIN, a town of Great Tartary,
with a: frong fortrets to defend it againtt
the Chinefe and Mongul Tartars.: It is on
the road fromm Mofcow to Pekin. Lon.
103 30 Ey lat. 540 .N. '
ALBEMARLE, a town of France, in
the department of Lower Seine and lute
province of Normandy. From this town
the Englith family ot Keppel take the title
of earl, Its ferges are in -high efteem.
It is teated on the declivity of a hill, 35
miles ‘nung of Rouen, and‘ 70 NNW of
Paris. Lon. 1 30 Ey lat. 49 50'N.
ALBENGUA, an ancient {trong feaport
of Italy, in the territory of Genoa, with
a bifhop’s fee. It is furrounded with
Oiive trees, and feated on the Mediter-
ranean Sea, 37 miles sw of Genoa. Lon,
8 35, lat. 444 N.
ALBISOLA, a town belonging to the
republic of Genoa. Here is a porcelain
manufacture, and feveral country houfes
of the Genoefe nobili y. It was bom-
barded, in 1745, by the Englith. Lon,
8 20-E; lat. 44.15 N.
ALBRET, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Landes and late province of
Gaicony, 37 miles's of Bourdeaux. Lon.
© 30 W, lat.44 10'N.
ALBURG, a town of Denmark, in
N Jutland, with a bifhop’s fee. A great
number of eels are taken here; and it has
a confiderable trade in herrings and corn,
and amanufacture of guns, pittols, faddles,
and gloves. It is feated on a canal, 10
miles from the fea, and 30 N of Wiburgh.
Lon. 9 46 £, lat. 56 50 N.
ALBUQUERQUE, atown of Spain, in
Eftramadura, defended by a ftrong caftle.
It has .a confiderable trade in wool and
cloth, and is 22 miles sw of Alcantara.
Lon. 7 3 W, lat. 38 50 N.
ALBY, an ancient town of France, late}
the capital of the territory of the Albigeois
in Languedoc, and an srchiepitoorel ree.
It is now the epifcopal fee of the depart-
ment of Tarn, and contains 10,000 inha-
bitants. In-point of archite€ture and de-
corations, the principal church is one of
the moft: curious in France. The inha-
ALC
bitants were called Albigenies: they were
the firlt that di/puted the authority of the
pores and were condemned by a council
fein s376. The environs of Alby are
charming, and produce all kinds of grain,
excellent wines, Jax, hemp, faffron, anij-
feed, coriander, and woud, The fine
pattures atford wool of a good quyulity,
which is manufactured into knit ftockings
for the foldiers, rattcens of all coloprs,
fhalloons, coarfe woollens, &c. ‘The wax
candles of Alby are equal in whitenels to
thofe of Mans, This town is 42 miles Nz
of Touloufe, and 335 8 of Paris. Lon,
2 34, lat. 4415 Np
ALCALA-DE-GUADAIRA, a town of
Spain, in Andalufia, on the river Gua-
daira, five mileg sz of Seville. Lon. 5
36 W, lat. 37 28 N.
ALCALA-DB-HENAREZ, a town of
Spain, in New Caftile, with a famous uni-
verfity, a fine library, anda caftle. It .is
furrounded by a wall, and feated on the
iver Henarez, 15 miles ENE of Madrid,
Nn. 3 6 W, lat. 40 26.N.
ALCALA-DB-REAL, a town of Spain,
in Andajufia, with a famous monatterys
ated near the river Salado, fix miles 6 of
eville, Lop. 5 22 W, lat. 37 38.Ne
ALCAMA,; @ handfome town of
United Provinces, in N Holland. In the
environs, they make the heft butter and
cheefe in Holland, and have the fineft
tulips. . Itis 57 miles n by w of Amtter-
dam, Lon, 4 44; lat. 5240 N.
ALCamo, atown of Sicily, in the val-
Icy of Mazaro, at the foot of Mount Bani-
fati. Lon. 13 52 ¥, lat. 382 .N.
ALCANTARA 2 fortified town of Spain,
in Eftramadura, and the chief place of
the knights of that name. It has a mag
hificent bridge over the Tajo, built by the
emperor Trajan. It was taken by the
earl of Galway in 1706, but retaken the
fame year. It ig 42 miles N by w of
Seville. Lon. 6 7 W, hat. 39.29 N.-
ALCANTARA, a town of Spain, in An-
dalufia. Lon. 5 10 Ws lat. 37 40 N.
ALCARAZ,,a town of Spain, in La
Mancha, defended by a ftrong caitle. It
has a remarkable ancient aqueduct, and is
fituate near the fource of the Guadal-
quiver, 135 miles 9SE of Madrid. Lon.
25 W, lat. 38.28. N.
ALCAZAR, @ town of Spain, in New
Caftile, on the river Guadamana, It has
a fortre{s on a high hill, and lies in a very
fruitfyl country,,.100 miles sw of Car
thagena. Lon, 4 20 Wy, lat. 38 15 Ne
ALC4SZ2AR LEGUER, a town in the
Aingdain ef Fez, feated on. the. ftraits of
Gipyaltag. It. wag taken. by Alphonio,
ALD
king of Portugal, in £468; but foon after
abyndoned, Lon. 5 30 4, lat. 35 om,
ALCAZAR-DE-SAL, a town of Portu-
gal, in Eftramadura, with a caftle reckoned
impregnable, Fine white dalt is made
here, whence the town takes its name, -
It is feated on the river Cadoan, 15 miles
trom the fea, and 35 sz of Lifbon. Lom,
g O W, lat, 33 18 WN.
ALCONCHOE, a caftle of Spain, on the
frontiers of Eftramadura, feated on the
river Alcaraque, that falls into the Gua-
diana, 20 miles s by w of Badajoz. Lon,
6 58 w, lat. 38 12.N,
ALCOUTIM, a town of Portugal, in
Algarva, feated on the river Guadiana,
36 miles from its entrance into the gulf of
Cadjz, and 22. NNé& of ‘Tavira. Lon. 7
20 Wy, lat. 47 20 N.
ALCUDIA, a town in Majorca, confift-
ing of about 1000. houfes, between two
large harbours. Lon. 3 08, lat. 39 50 Ny
ALDBOROUGH, a borough and feapoyt
in Suffolk, with a market on Wednetday
and Saturday; leafantly feated in a dale,
between a high hill and the fea.” A river
runs on the sw; and the harbour is
tolerably good, but fmall. . It fends two
members to parliament. .The town was
formerly much longer;* but the fea has
taken away whole ftreets. It is 40 miles
E of Bury, and 94 Nz of. ‘London. Lon,
342 Ey lat. 52 16N,
ALDBOROUGH, a horough:in the w
riding of Yorkfhive, on the Oule, which
fends two members to parliament, but hag
yow no market. It is 15 miles -Nw of
York, and 205 N by w of London. Lon,
2 10 W, lat, 54.8 .N.
ALDEA, atown of Portugal, in Eftra-
madyra, 10 miles se of Lifbon. Lon,
8 55 .W, lat 48 36 N.
.. ALDERBURY, a village in Wilthhire,
on a healthy hill, twomiles tromSalifbury,
and near the Avon, It carries on a mas
nufacture of fuftians, and received confit
derable damage by a fire in #777, when
200. houfes were deftroyed.
ALDERHOLM, a pleafant ifland of
Sweden, formed by the three arms of a
river, running through’Gentle, a town of
Norland. A confiderable trade is carried
on here in planks and deals,
ALDERNEY, an ifland inthe Englith
Channel, eight miles in cireumference,
feparated from France by a-trajt called the
Race of Alderney, which is a very-dan-
gerous patfage, on account of the rocks
under water. It is a healthful ifland, and
fertile in. corn and patture; but has: only
one church, in. a town of the fame name.
Lon. 2 7. W, bat. 49-45 Ne
ALE ALE:
AtroamTrs, a town of Portugal, in Arabi, afd in many other parts of the
but foon after Alentejo, on the fiver Caia, which falls Evatt; for which reafon, their houfes are
lat. 35 om, = into the Guadiana, d little below Budajoz. fiat on the top. ‘This pritétice accounté
wn of Portu- } It is fevers miles se of Portalegte, Lon. for the early acquaintance of thefe nations
aftle reckoned ‘ 7 25 Wy lat. 49 2 Ne with aftronomy, and explains fome parts
falt is made 7 AuENnTssO, a fertile province of Por- of the holy {eripture. As the Turks are
eg its mame, -
n ; tugal, betweem the ‘Tajo and the Gua- very uniform in their way of living, this
pan, 35 miles ~—s diana. account of Altspo may give an idea of
Lifbon. Lon, q ALENcOn, 2 large and handfome town other Turkith cities, Eighteen miles sz
of France, in the department of Orne and of Aleppo, is a large A ain, called the
Spain, on the 4 late province of Normandy. Near it are Valley of Salt, bounded by low rocky
eated on the a ftone quarries, ift which they find a fort of hills, which form a kind of natural bafin,
into the Gua. a cryftal like Brifto} ftones. It is feated in that retairs the rain de(cending from the
udajoz. Lon, 4 an open country,'abounding in all forts of rocks, together with the water rifing from
er corn and fruits, on the river Sarte, 20 miles a few fprings, and caufe the whole to bé
Portugal, In ‘a wot Mans, and 87 sw of Paris. Lon. overflowed in winter, ‘The extent of the
er Guadiana, Fi © 10 B, lat. 48 19 N. furface prevents this water fro. Seing of
to the gulf of 4 ALerpo, the capital of Syria, inha- any A Sg depth; fo that it is foon evapo-
Ge LGR. ¥ i bited by Turks, and four forts of Chrif- rated by the fun, when it leaves a cake of
) i tians, who have each a bifhop and a falt, in forme ag half an inch thick z
orca, confift- : church, and the free exercife of their reli- and; in April, peoplé are employed to
between two. ‘ gion. The city and fuburbs contain gather this falt, which is fufficient to fup-
lat. 39 50 N, 245,000 perfons. Nextto Conftantinople ply all this part of the country. Aleppo
h and feapoit : and Cairo, it is the moft confiderable city 18 feated on a fmall brook, 70 miles & of
n Wedneiday i in the Turkith empire. Itftanddoncight Alexandretta, and-170 N by & of Damaf-
ted in a dale, hills, in the middie of a pleaMnt fruittul cus. Lon. 37 20 £, lat. 45 45 N.
ca. Ariver ! plain, and is of an oval figure. Thecaftle ALESSANO, a town of Hy es, in the
harbour is ttands on the higheft hill, in the middle of prévince of Otranto, with a bifhop’s fee,
It fends two { the city; andthe houfes are better than in 19 miles sw of Otranto. Lon. 18 25 £,
he town wag ‘ other places in Turkey. As ufual inthe lat. go 10N.
the {ea has ‘ Eaft, they confift of a large court, with a ALLESSIA, a’ town of Albahia, with a
it is 40 miles ‘ dead wall to the ftreet, an arcade running bifhop’s fee, near the mouth of the Drino.
ndon. Lon, Q round it, paved with marble, and a mar- Lon. 20 6 £, lat. 42 8 N.
t | ble fountain it the middle. The cityand = ALEss10, atownof Turkift Dalmatia,
-in the w fuburbs are feven miles in compafs. The with a bifhop’s fee, feated on a mountain,
Oule, which ftreete are narrow, but well paved with 2§ miles from Spalatro.
ent, but has large fquate {tones, and kept very clean, ALET, 2 town of France, in the depart-
miles NW ot They have a great many ftately mofques ment of Aude and late province of Lan.
bndon. Lon, and caravanferas, with fountains and re- guedoc. It was lately an epifcopal fee,
; fervoirs of water, and vineyards and gardens and is remarkable for its baths; and for the
al, in Eftra- well planted with moft kinds of fruit. The grainsof gold and filver found im the ftream
fbon. Lon, water inall thé wells inthe city is brackith; which runs from the Pyrenees, at the foot
alee but good water is brought from fome of which it ftands. It is feated on the
Wilthhire, {prings about five miles off, by an aque- river Aude, 15 miles s of Carcaffone.
mSalifbury, duct, faid tohave been built by theemprefs Lon. 2 25 £, lat. 42 59 N.
$ on a mas Helena. The Chriftians have their hou/eés ALEUTIAN IsLanns. Seé ARCHI-
cived confit 4 and churches in the fuburbs, and carry off PELAGO, NORTHERN.
777, when a confiderablé trade infilks, camblets, and ALEXANDRETTA; or SCANDEROON,
; Turkey leather. Several European nations: # téwn of Syria, in Afia; at the extre-
ifland of have factories here, and the merchahslivein rity of the Mitetefrarieaty Sea; and the
arms of a . greater {plendor and fafety thaninany other feaport of Aleppo. Ft is now, properly
» & town of city inthe Turkith empire; whichis owing {peaking, nothing but a village without
eis carried to particular capitulations with the Porte. watls, in which the tombs are more nu-
. Coaches or carriages are not ufed here, but mmerousthan the houfés. The rozd is fwbjee&
he Englith petfone of quality rideonhoritback, witha to many great inconVeniencies; but the
uinference, number of fervants before them, according: extreme unwhiolefomene(s of ‘the air is the
tcalled'the totheir rank, ‘The Englith, French, and worft. This‘afnuilly carries off one third
p verydan- Duteh‘contuls; are mach refpected, and-ap-' of the ctewsof the veflels which remairi
the rocks péar abroad, the Fuglith elpecialty; with here during the fummier; ahd thips have
ifland, and marke Of dittinétion) Tlic héat of thé cou’ even fréqiently loft'all their met’ in two
has: only try makeeitconvenient tor the inhabitants mofiths. On’ this account, while'the héat¢
RING DAIBC. tolleep-witheopen aity in thie citysover‘all abe exceffive;-the principal inhabitants re-
ALF
tire to the neighbouring villages, among
the mountains, where there is excellem
water and delicious fruits. _Itis 70 miles
w of Aleppo. Lon. 36 23 £, lat. 36 35 N.
ALEXANDRIA, a confiderable town of
Italy, in the duchy of Milan, with a
bifhop’s fee, and a {trong caftle. Ti was
taken by prince Eugene in 1706, by the
French in 1745, and by the king of Sar-
dinia the year after. It is feated on the
Tanaro, 40 miles s by E of Milan. Lon.
8 43 E, lat. 44 55 N-
ALEXANDRIA, a town of Virginia,
on the fouth bank of the river. Potomac.
‘The fituation is. elevated and pleafant, but
the water fo had, that the inhabitants
are obliged to fend nearly a mile tor what
is drinkable. ‘The original fettlers laid
out the ftreets on the plan of Philadelphia.
It contains upward of 300 houles, many
of which are handfome. Nine miles below
the town, on the Virginia bank of Poto-
mac, where it is nearly two miles wide,
is mount Vernon, the celebrated feat of
general Wafhington. Alexandria is 100
miles w of Kichmond. Lon. 77 0 wW,-
lat. 38 30 N.
ALEXANDRIAy or SCANDERIA, an
ancient and once rich and famous town of
Egypt, now much decayed, though. there
are ftill fome remains of its ancient {plen-
dour, particularly two obelifks full ot hie-'
roglyphics ; and Pompey’s pillar, which is
oneentire piece of granite, 70 feet high,
aud 25 in circumference. The ancient
Pharos, fo famous in antiquity, that it
“was numbered among tne feven wonders
of the world, is now turned into a cattle.
called Pharillon, ufed to direct veflels into
the harbour. ‘This city was firft built by
Alexander the Great, and now confifts
chiefly of one long itreet, facing the har-
bour, the reft being a heap of ruins: part
of the walls are ftanding, with great
fquare towers 200 paces diftant; each of
which would contain 200 foldiers, and
had a ciftern in it, to which the water of
the Nile was conveyed; and its gates are
of Thebaic and granite marble. It was
formerly a place of great trade, ail the
treafures of the E Indies being depofited
there: ‘but fince the difcovery of the Cape
of Good Hope, this crade is in a great
meafure loft. The land on which the
town ftands is fo low, that the feamen can
Sardly difcoyer it till they wre very near.
This place is fubje€t to the grand fignior,
who, Tewnenr, has but a limited autho-
rity. It is feated on the anoft. wefterly
brarch of the river. Nile, 125 miles nw.
of Cairo. Lon. 3111 £, lat. 30 ar N.
ALFACs, the name of certain illands
ALG
near the mouth of the Ebro, in the prin-
cipality of Catalonia, in Spain.
ALFEIZERAO, a town of. Portugal,
in Eftramadura, on, the feafide. Lon.
9 10 Wy, lat. 39 30 N..
ALFELD, a town of Germany, in the
bifhopric of Hildefheim, 15 miles ssw of -
Hildefheim. Lon. 10 4 &, lat. 51 38 N.
ALFIDENA, ananci¢nt'town of Napkes,
in Abruzzo Cetericre. Lon 14 20°E,
lat. 41 48 N.
ALFORD, a town in Lincolnfhire, vvith
a market on Tuelday; feated on a {mall
brook, {ix miles trom the-teay and 20 N of
Botton. Lon. o 13 £, lat. 53.16 N.
_ALFRETON, a town in Derbythire,
with a market on Monday; pleafantly
feated on. a {mall hill, 13 miles n ‘of
Derby, and 141 NNw of London. Lon.’
I 25 W, lat. 538 N.
AtGactona, a fimall fortified feaport
in Coriica..: It was almott deftroyed by
the :nalecontents in 1731, but has been
reftored. Lon. 8 55 £, lat. 42 30 N.
ALGARVA, a province of Portugal, 67
miles in length, and 20 in breadth: bound-
ed on the wand s by the fea, on the z by
the Guadiana, and on the n by Alentejo.
It is fertile in Ags, almonds, dates, olives,
and excellent wine; and the fithery brings
in large iums.
AiGEZIRA, a ftrong town of Spain, in
Andalutia, on the ttraits of Gibraltar ; but
at prefeut in a mean condition, the harbour
being decayed. It is 10 miles Nw of
Gibraltar. Lon. 5 22 w, lat. 36 14. Ne
_ALGHER, or ALGERi, a town of the
ifland of Sardinia, feated on the Nw coatt,
with a bifhop’s fee. It is fix:miles s of
Saflari. Lon. 8 40 £, lat. 4040 N.
ALGIERS, one of. the ftates of Bar-
bary, bounded on the E by ‘Tunis, on the
N by the’ Mediterranean, on the s by
Mount Atlas, and on the w by Morocco.
It extends 600 miles trom —E tow’ The
air is very temperate, and the land to-
ward the Nn fertile in corn. ‘The valleys
are full of fruit; but a great part is dry,
mountainous, and barren. ‘The melons
have an exquifite tafte, fome of which are
ripe in fumimer, and others in winter.
‘The ftems of the vines are fo large, that
a man can hardly grafp them with his
arins; and the bunches ot grapes are a foot
and a halt long. It is divided into three
rovinces, namely; Tlemfam on the wy,
itterie on the s, and Conftantiaon the KE,
of the city of Algiers. The Turks, who
have the government in their hands, are
not. above 7000 in number; and yet the:
Moors, or natives of Africa, haveno fhare
init... [tis only a kind of republic under
n e ’ \
t. Portugal, .
fide. Lon.
any, in the
niles ssw of:
it. 51 38 N.
nof Naples,
| 14 20°E,
nfhire, vith
on a {mall
and 20 N of
316 N.
Derbythire,
3 plealantly
miles N ‘of
don. Lon.
ified feapart
eftroyed by
ut has been
2 30N,
ortugal, 67
ith: bound-
on the g by
y Alentejo.
lates, olivesy
fhery brings
of Spain, in
praltar ; but
the harbour
iles NW of
t. 36 14 Ne
wn of the
e NW coatt,
miles s of
40 N.
bs of Bar-
is, on the
the s by
Morocco.
w' The
e land to-
he valleys
art is dry,
e melons
which are
n winter.
prge, that
with his
are a foot
into three
the w,
on the k,
rks, who
ands, are
d yet the
eno fhare
lic under
ALG
the protection of the grand fignior, and it
is governed. by a fovereign, called the dey,
who, however, can do nothing of conte-
quence without the council of the Janiffa-
ries. he Arabs, who live in tents, are
a diftinst people, governed by their own
laws and magiftrates, though the Turks
interpofe as otten as they pleate. The dey
of Algiers is an abiolute monarch, but
elected by the ‘Purkifh foldicrs, and tre-
quently depoitd, and put to death by
them. The revenues of the government
arife trom the tribute paid by the Moors
and Arabs, a detachment of the army
being fent into each province,every year
to collect it; and the prizes they take at
fea fometimes equal the taxes they lav
upon the natives. The dey has feveral
thouiand Moors in his fervice, both horfe
and foot; and the deys or viceroys of
tne provinces, have each an army under
his command. Their religion is Maho-
metanifin, and their language a dialeét of
the Arabic. They have likewile a jargon,
compoted of Ttalian, French, and Spanith,
called Lingua Franca, that is underftood
by the common people and merchants.
‘The compleétion of the natives is tawny,
and they are ftrong and well made.
ALGIERS, a large and ftrong town of
Africa, in Barbary, the capital of the
country of Algiers. It is built on the de-
clivity of a mountain, and is in the form
of an amphitheatre next the harbour; in-
fomuch, that the houles appearing one
#bove enother, make a very fine appear-
aice trom the fea. The tops of the houies
are all flat, for which reafon they walk
upon them in the evening to take the air; ,
belides, they are covered with carth, and
ferve tor a fort sf gardens. The ftreets
are narrow, and {erve ‘to keep off the ex-
treme heat of the fun. The mole of the
harbour is 500 paces in length, extending
trom the continent to a {nial! ifland, where
there is a caftle and a large battery of guns.
The nunber of inhabitants is iaid to be
306,000 Mahometans, 15,000 Jews, and
4000 Chriftian flaves. ‘Their chief fub-
fittence is derived trom their piracies, for
they make prizes of all Chriitian fhips
that are not at peace with them. ‘The
country about Algiers is adorned with
gardens and fine villas, watered by foun-
tains and rivulets; and thither the inhabi-
tants refort in the hot feafons. Algiers
has, for ages, braved the retentment of
the moft powerful ftates in Chriftendom.
The emperor Charles v loft a fine fleet
and army, in an expedition againit it, in
1541. ‘I'he Englifh burnt their veflels in
the harbyur in 1635 aid 1670, It was
ALL
bombarded by the French in 1688. In
1775, the Spaniards made a defcent near
the city with a formidable army, but were
defeated with great flaughter. In 1784,
they fent a powerful fleet to attack the,
forts that defend the harbour; but they
were repelled by the Algerines, althougta
they made eight fuccetlive attacks with
great {pirit and bravery. In 1767, the
Algerines took the lead of the other
{tates of Barbary, in refufing to pay any
jonger their utual tribute to the Porte. Ai-
gici’s is fituate oppofite Minorca, 380 miles
W of ‘Tunis, Lon. 218 &, lat. 349 N.
ALHAMA, a town of Spain, in Gra- -
nada. A little below it are hot baths,
accounted the beft in Spain. It is feated
in a valley, furrounded by craggy moun-
tains, 25 miles sw of Granada. Lor. 3
24 Wy lat. 36 56 N.
ALICANT, a teaport of Spain, in Va-
tencia; remarkable for its excellent wine,
and the fertility of its foil, which pro.
duces excellent truits, and plenty of rofes
mary of an extraordinary fize. It has a
great trade, and the Englifh, Dutch,
French, and Italians, have coniuls here.
The caftle, on a high rock, was reckoned
impregnable; but it was taken by the
Englifh in 1706. It was likewife taken by
the French and Spaniards, after a fiege of
almoft two years; and then part of the
rock was blown up. It is feated on the
Mediterranean, on a bay of the fame
name, 25 miles s of Valencia. Lon. oo
lat, 38 16 N.
ALIGATA, a town of Sicilv, remark-
able tor corn and good wine. It is feated
on a peninfula, 22 miles se of Gergenti.
Lon. 15 48 £, lat. 37 11 'N.
ALLAHABAD, a city of Oude, in Hin-
doottan Proper, {-ated at the confluence _
of the two great rivers, the Ganges and
Jumna. It was founded by the emperor
Acbar, who intended it as a place of arms
but its fortifications will hardly refiit the
battering of a field piece. It is 470 miles
Nw of Calcutta. Lon. 820 8, lat. 25 45 N.
ALLEGANY or APPALACKIAN Moun-
TAINS, a long range of mountains in N
America, between the Atlantic, the Mit
fiflippi, and the lakes; extending neacly
ier with the feacoaft, goo miles in
ength, and from 60 to 200 in breadth.
The different ridges which compole this
immenfe range have different names in the
different ftates.. Advancing from the At-
lantic, the firft ridge of Penniylvania,
Virginia, and .N Carolina, is the Blue
Ridge, or South Mountain, from 142 to
200 miles trom the fea, and about gova
tect high trem its bafe. Between this
Pierrot
Se ae
ee re et et
O_O ene cl
Scie al
= soe
mannaeHaeretateser
na cca. SS Soe —
ee en ee
a
ALL
gd the North Mountain, fpreads a large
fertile vale. Next lies the Allegany, which
is the principal ridge, and has been de-
feriptively culled the back-bone of the
United States. Beyond this is the long
ridge called the Laurel Mountains, in a
{pur of which, in lat. 36° is a {pring of
water, 50 feet deep, very cold, ard as
blue as indigo. From thele feveral ridges
Aas innumerable namelefs branches or
purs. The Kittatiny, or Blue Moun-
tains, run through the northern parts of
New Jerfey and Pennfylvania. ‘The ge-
neral naine for thefe mountains ftems not
yet to have been determined. Mr. Evans,
an American geographer, calls them the ©
Endlefs Mountains: others have called
them the Appalachian, from a tuibe of
Indians, who live on a river proceeding
from this ride, called the Appalachikcla ;
but the moft common name is the Allegany
Mountains, fo called from the principal
ridge. Thefe mountains are not contu-
fedly {cattered and broken, rifing here and
there into high peaks overtopping each
other, but ftretch along in uniform
ridgés, fearcely half a mile high. They
fpread as they proceed s, and fome of
them terminate ih high perpendicular
bluffs. Others gradually fubfide into a
level country, giviig rifé to the rivers
which rm {outherly into the gulf of
Mexico. In the back parts of iat Ge
vania, {carcely one acre in ten of this
range is capable of culture: but this is
not the cafe in all parts; for numerous
traéts of fine arable and pafture land in-
térvene between the ridges, having gene-
rally-a rich lack foil. Indeed, tome of
the mountains will admit of cultivation
almoft to their tops.
ALLEGANY, a river of N America,
which rifes in the Allegany Mountains in
lat. 42°. At Fort Venango, at the mouth -
of French Creek, it is 200 yards wide,
and navigable for light batteaus. AtFort
Pitt it joins the Monongahela, and’ then
aflum.s the name of Ohio. See Onro.
ALLCHURCH, a village of Worcefter-
ihire, formerly a borough, and feven niles
in circumference. It has an almfhoute
founded in 1580, and the Roman Ickneld
{treet palf * through it. The bifhop of
Worcefler had formerly a palace here ;
and the church, {eVeral parts of which
are of Saxon architecture, contains many
antique monuments. It is five miles £
by n of Broinfgrove.
ALLEGRAN@A, one of the Canary
iflands, lying to the n of Graciofa, and
to the E of St. Clare. There are 4yveral
critles that defend the harbour,
ALM
ALLEN, 23 fmall river in Flinthire,
which finks under ground, near Mold, and
is loft tor a fhort {pace.
ALLENDORF, a town in the landgra-
vate of Hefle Caflel, remarkable for its
falt-works, and three ftone bridges. It
is feated on the Wefer, 15 miles £ of
Caffel. Lon. 9 59 £, lat. 51 19 N.
ALLER, a river, which rifes in the
duchy of Magdeburg, waters Zell, and
enters the Weler below Verden.
ALLERIA, a decayed town in Corfica,
a bifhop’s fee, and the place where king
Thecdore firft landed in 1738. Lon. $
50 Ey lat. 42 5 N.
ALLER, a department of France,
lately the province of Bourbonnois. It
is fo called from a river which flows by
Moulins, and fails into the Loire, ahove
Orleans.
ALLOA, a commercial town, on the
frith of Forth, in Clackmannanfhire. It
confifts of one {pacious ftreet, well paved,
and fhaded with rows of lime-trees.
Hert is a cuftomhoufe for the conven’. .ce
of the fhipping in this part of t/ «nc
and it is the refort of all the cou: veiivis
in the neighbourhood. It has a glafshoufe
and fome other manufactures. Lon. 3 ,
45 W, lat. 56 10 N.
ALMACARRON, a feaport of Spain, in
Murcia, at the mouth of the Guadalan-
tine, necr the Mediterranean, 20 miles s
w of Carthagena. Lon. 0 56 Wy lat. 37°
28 N.
ALMANZA, a town of Spain, in. New
Cattile, remarkable for the victory gained.
by the French and Spaniards over the
allies in 1707, when moft of the Englith
were killed ov taken, having been aban-
doned by the Portuguefe horte at the firtt
charge. It is 50 miles sw of Valencia.
Lon. 0 56 w, lat. 38 54 .N.
ALMEDA, atownof Portugal, in Eftra-
madura, feated on the Tajo, oppofite
Lifbon. Lon. 9 4 w, lat. 38 33 .N.
ALMEIDA, a town of Portugal, in the
prevince of Tra-los-montesy on the con-
tines of Leon, 17 miles Nw of Cividad
Rodrigo. Lon 6. 15 w, lat. 40 45 N.
ALMEIDA, a fortified town of Portu-
gal, in the province of Beira, on the river
Coa. Lon. 8.15 w, lat. 40 38 N.
ALMENDVALAIO, a town of Spain, in
Eftramadura, near the borders of Portu-
gal. Lon. 5 6 w, lat. 38 36 N. °
ALMERIA, 2 fe..port of Spain, in the
province of Granada, with a bitho}’s fee,
teated on the river Almeria, 62 miles sz
of Granada. Lon. 2 0 Ww, Int. 36 51 N.
Avmissa, a {mall town, at the mouth’
of the Cetina, im Dalmatia; famous’ for
1 Flintfhire,
r Mold, and
he landgra-
able tor its
pridges. It
miles E of
L 19 N.
rifes in the
s Zell, and
Ne
1 in Coffica,
where king
35. Lon. 3
of France,
ponnois. It
ich flows by
Loire, ahove
wn, on the
1anfhire. It
, well paved,
jime-trees.
-convenionce
of thene
@ CGu. Velivis
a glafshoufe
ss. Lon. 3,
of Spain, in
1¢ Guadalan-
20 miles s
6 Wy lat. 37
ain, in: New
ory gained
ig over the
the Englith
been aban-
E af the firit
bf Valencia.
1, in Eftra-
0, Oppofite
33.8)
gal, in the
bn the con-
of Cividad
40.45 N.
of Portu-
bn the river
8 N.
f Spain, in
of Portu-
v."
hin, in the
fho}’s fee,
2 miles sz
| 36 51 Ne
the mouth’
Binous’ for
: the Alps on the fide of
ALP
its piracies. It is ro miles £ of Spalatro.
Lon. 17 45 E» lat. 444Ne |
ALMONDBURY, a Village in the W
riding of Yorkthire, formerly a Roman
town, call, 4 Campodonum, and afterward
a feat of the Saxon kings. It had once
a caitle and a cathedral, and is feated on
the Calder, two miles ssz of Huddersfield.
ALMONDSBURYy @ village in Glou- |
cefterthire, where Alemond, tather of Eg-
bert, the firft fole monarch of England, 1s
faid to have been buried. Here is a forti-
fication of the Saxons, with a double ditch,
‘which commands an extenfive view of the
Severn. It is eight miles N of Briftol.
ALMUNECAR, a town of Spain, in
Granada, feated on the Mediterranean,
with a good harbour, detended by a {trong
caftle, 30 miles sse of Alhama. Lon.
3.45 W, lat. 36 30 N.
ALNWICK, the county-town of Nor-
thumberland, with a market on Saturday.
It is feated on the river Alne, and ts a
pulous well-built town, with a town-
noufe. It has three gates, which remain
almoft entire, and fhow that it was for-
merly furrounded by a wall. It was de-
fended by an old ftately Gothic caftle, the
feat of the duke of Northumberland, which
has been lately repaired and beautified.
It is 30 miles N of Newcaftle, 26 s of
Berwick, and 305 N by w of London.
Lon. 1 30 W, lat. 55 25 N.
ALOST, a town of Flanders, on the
river Dender, 15 miles n w of Bruflels,
Lon. 4 12 £, lat. 50 58 N.
ALPNACH, a town of Swifferland, in
Underwalden,, feated on lake Alpnach, an
arm of the lake of the Four Cantons, with
which it unites near Stantzftadt. ~
ALps, the higheft mountains in Eu-
rope, feparating Italy from France and
(Sermany. They begin on the fide of
“rance toward the Mediterranean, between
_ the territory of Genoa and county of
vices and terminate at the gulf of Car-
mero, which is part of the gulf of Venice.
They confift of lofty chains of mountains,
rangi, one upon another, with only nar-
row valleys between. ‘They are compofed
ot ftupendous rocky mafles, two, four,
and even {ix being piled upon each other,
; and from 4000 to 12000 feet high. There
are few pafles over them, and thofe of
- difficult accefs, which are the chief fecu-
iii of Piedmont againft the attempts of
france. Swiflerland takes up a good part
of thefe mountains, or rather the vallies
between them, and for that reafon is {e-
cure againft the Germans and French.
he famous Hannibal attempted to’ crofs
Piedmont, in the
ALT
winter feafon, when he invaded Italy, and
loft moft of his elephants among them, *
Apes, UPPER, a department of France,
including part of the late province of
Dauphiny. It is fo called trom its vi-
cinity to the mountains of the fame name.
ALPs, Lower, a _ department of
France, including part of the late province
of Provence.
ALPUXARES, high mountains of Gra-
nada, in Spain, near the Mediterranean.
They are inhabited by the Morilcoes, who
caretully cultivate the ground, which pro-
duces excellent wines and fruits.
ALRESFORD, a town in. Hamphhire,
with a market on Thuriday. . It has
two principal itreets, which are large
and broad, and a fmall manufafure of
linfeys. It is 18 miles eng ef South-
ampion, and 57 wsw of London. Lon.
Ia Wy Int. 51 6 N.
ALSACE, a late: province of France,
bounded on the g by the Rhine, on the
Ss by Swiflerland and Franche Comté,
cn the w by Lorrain, and on the w by
the palatinate of the Rhine. It is a feréile
country, producing plenty of all forts of
corny wine, pafture, wood, flax, tobacco,
pulle, and fruit. There are mines of
ilver, copper, and lead, as well as mi-
neral waters. It is diverfified «vith plea-
fant hills, and mountains covered with
forefts, in which are piné trees :20 feet
high. The language is the German, it
having been part of the empire. It is now
included in the departments of the Upper
and Gower Rhine.
ALSEN, an ifland of Denmark, in the
Little Belt, or entrance into the Baltic,
between Sle{wic!. and Funen. - It has no-
thing remarkable but two caftles, and is 160
miles w of Copenhagen.
ALSFELD, an ancient town of Ger-
many, in the landgravate of Hefie Caflel,
12 miles NW of Marpurg. Its inhabit-
ants were the firlt of this country who
embraced the reformation, Lon. 9 0 £,
lat. 5055 N.
ALSHEDA, a town of Sweden, in the
province of Smoland, near which a gold
mine was difcovered in 1738.
ALSTON-MOOR, a town in Cumber-
land, with a market on Saturday, feated
ona hill, at the foot of which runs the
Tyne, with a ftrong bridge over it; and
near the town is plenty of lead ore. + It
is 20 miles E by $ of Carlifle, and 403
NNW or London, Lon. 2°14 Wy fat. 54
SON,
ALTAMONT, a town of Naples, in
Calabria Citeriore, 1g miles Nw of Bafig-
niano, Lon. 16 22 &, lat. 39 50 Ne
Cc
ALT
ALTAMURA, a town of Naples, in
Bari, at the foot of the Appennines. Lon.
16 58 v, lat. 41 ON.
ALTEA,a feaport of Spain, in Valencia.
Tt was taken in 1705, tor the archduke
Charles; but loft, after the famous battle
of Almanza. It is feated on the Medi-
terranean, 42 miles se of Valencia, and
110 Sby £ of Madrid. Lon.o1se, lat.
33 34.N. ats
ALTENA, a flourifhing feaport of Ger-
wiany, in the duchy of Holitein, commo-
dioutly feated on the Elbe, in the vicinity
of Hamburg: The Danes bullt it in that
fituation, that it might rival Hamburg in
commerce. It was burnt by the Swedes
in 1712, but has been beautifully rebuie.
Lon. 9 52 £, lat. 53 37 N-
ALTENBURG, a town of Germany, in
the circle of Upper Saxony, with a caftle ;
formerly an imperial town, but now be-
longing to the houfe of Saxony, It is
feated on the Plciffe, 20 miles s of Leip-
fic. Lon. 122: ' 50 59 N.
ALTENBURG;a of ‘Tranfylvania,
38 miles s of Weiflemuurg. Lon. 23 15
E, lat. 460 N.
ALTENBURG, or Owar, a town of
Lower Hungary, on the Danube, 15 miles
s of Prefburg, and 40 sz of Vienna.
Lon. 17 13 Ey lat. 480 N.
ALTENBURG, or OLDENBURG, an
ancient town, of Germany, in Holftein.
See OLDENBURG.
ALTESSON, atown of Piedmont, be-
fween the rivers Dore and Stura. Lon.
720 £, lat. 44 36° N.
ALTEZEY, a town and caftle of Ger-
many, in the palatinate of the Rhine, ca-
pital of a territory of the fame name, 15
miles swof Mentz. Lon. 8 12 &, lat.
49 40 N.
ALTKIRCH, a town of France, in the
department of the Upper Rhine and fare
province of Allace, on the river Ile, 45
miles ssw of Strafburg. Lon. 7 20 3,
lat. 47 40-N.
ALTMORE, atown of Ireland, in the:
county of Tyrone, {even miles Nw of
Dungannon. Lon. 6 45 Wy lat. 54 43 N.
ALTON, a town in Hampfhire, with
a market on Saturday. It has one church,
a fainous free{chool, a large manufacture
of plain and figured baragons, ribbed drug-
gets, and ferges de Nifmes; and round the
town are plantations of hops. _ It is feated
on the Wey, 18 miles ENE of Southamnp-
ton, and 48 wsw of Londons Lon. o
56 W, lat. 51 22 N.
‘ALrorr, a town of Germany, in the
territory of Nuremburg; with a famous
«miverfity, a library, and a phyfic gardens
AMA
It is fabjeét to the houfe of Brandenburg,
and is 10 miles se of Nuremburg. Lon.
11 22 E, lat. 49 20N.
ALTorF, a town of Germany, in the
circle of Suabia, 20 miles NE of Con-
ftance, and fubjeéct to the houfe of Auftria.
Lon. 9 30 E, lat. 47 50 N.
ALTORF, a town of Swifferland, capi.
tal of the canton of Uri, on the lake of
Lucern, near the {pot where it receives
the river Rufs, 20 miles sz of Lucern.
Lon. 8 25 E, lat. 46 55 .N.
ALTRINGHAM, a town ia Chefhire,
with a market on Tueiday, 10 miles &
of Warrington, artd 180 nw of London.
Lon. 2 32 w, lat. 53 23.N- ;
ALVA-DE-TORMES, a town of Spain,
in Leon, with a cattle, feated on the
Tormes; 12 miles se of Salamanca. Lon.
. 54 W, lat. 41 ON,
ALVESTON, 2 village in Gloucefter.
fhire. On the toy of a hill, near the
Severn, is a large round camp, called
Oldbury, where feveral antiquities have
It is cight miles N by £ of
been dug up.
Briftol.
ALzira, a town of Spain, in Valen-
cia, on the river Xucar, 17 miles s of
Valencia. Lun.o rok, lat.39 6 Ne
AMADAN, or HAMADAN, 2 town of
Perfia, 200 miles ne of Bagdad. Lona.
47 48, lat. 35 15 N.
Amaonta, 4 trading town of Afia, ‘in
Crurdiftan, belonging to the Turks; feated
on a high mountain, 40 miles SE of
Gezira. Lon. 41 5£, lat. 36 5N.
AMAK, an ifland of Denmark, ca
which part of Copenhagen, called: Chrii+
tian-Shaten, is built. It is four miles
long and two broad, and is chiefly peopled
by the defcendants of a colony trom E
Friefland, to whom the ifland was con-
figned by Chriftian 11, at the requeft of
his queen, for the purpofe of fupplying
her with vegetables, cheefe, and butter.
From the intermarriages of theft colonifts
with the Danes, the prefent inhabitants
are chiefly defcended; but as they wear
their own drefs, and enjoy peculiar pri-
vileges, they appear a diftingt race. ‘The
men wear broad-brimmed hats, black
jackets, full-glazed breeches of the fame
colour, loofe at the knee, and tied round
the waift. The women are chiefly drefled
in black jackets and red petticoats, with
a piece of blue glazed cloth boutd on
their heads. ‘The ifland is laid odf ia
gardens and paftures; and ftilt, accord-
ing to the original defign; fupplies Copen-
hag_n with milk, batter, and vegetables.
It has twochurches, in which the ministers
proach eccafionally in Dutch and Dasifi.--
Brandenburg,
mburg. Lon.
rmany, in the
| NE of Com
ufe of Auftria.
fferland, capi-.
on the lake of
ere it receives
sz of Lucern.
1 ia Chefhire,
¥, to miles £
iw of London.
N.
‘own of Spain,
feated on the
amanca. Lon.
in Glouccfter-
hill, near the
camp, called
ntiquities have
miles N by E of
pain, in Valen-
17 miles s ‘of
It.39 ON.
AN, 2 town of:
Bagdad. Lon.
n of Afia, “ip
Turks; feated
b miles SE of
36 SN.
Denmark, ca
, called: Chrii
is four miles
chiefly peopled
olony from E
and was con-
the requeft of
of fupplying
e, and butter.
thefe colonifts
mt inhabitants
as they wear
r peculiar pri-
st race. ‘The
hats, black
bs of the fame
d tied round
chiefly drefled
tticoats, with
pth bouhd on
staid of in
ve near
ies Copen-
iT vegetaties.
the minirters
h and Dasifi.-
AMA
AMAL, a town of Sweden, in the pro-
vince cf Gothland, with a good harbour on
lake Wenner, 175 miles sw of Upfal.
It carries on a great trade in timber, deals,
and tar. Lon. 12 408, lat. 59 oN.
AMALFI, an ancient archicpifcopal
town of Naples, in Principato Citeriore.
Flavio Gioia, who is faid to have in-
vented the mariner’s compals, about the
beginning of the 14th century, was a na-
tive of this town, It is ieated in a
charming country, on the weitcrn coat of
the gulf of Salerno, 13 miles sw oi Salerno.
Lon. 14 45 £, lat. 40 28N.
AMAND, ST. 2 town of France, in the
department of Cher, and late territory of
Bourbannois, feated on the river Cher,
zo imiles s of Bourges. Lon. 2 30 &,,
lat. 46 45.
AMAND, ST. a town of France, in the
department of the North and in the late
French Flanders. , It had lately a cele-
brated abbey. When the Pruifians and
Auftrians invaded France in 1792, it was
taken by them, but evacuated on their
retreat. It is feated on the Scarpe, feven
miles N of Valenciennes. Lon. 3 35 5, |
Jat. 50 27. Ne
AMANTEa, a feaport of Naples, in
Calabria Citeriore, near the bay of Eufe-
rdia, 20 miles sw of Cofenza. Lon. 16
10 By lat. 39 12 N.
AMAPALLA, 2 fcaport of N America,
in Guatimala, feated ona gulf of the fame |
name, 220 miles sz of Guatimala. Lon.
$6 40 W, lat. 12 30N.
AMASIA, an ancient town of Natolia,
the birthplace of Strabo, the geographer.
It is the refidence of a baflaw, and gives
its name to.a province, where there are
the beft wines and fruits ef Natolia. It
was deftroyed by an earthquake, July 3,
1794. It is feated near the river Caial-
mack, 36 miles n of Tecat. Lon. 360
F, fat. 40 31 N.
AMAZON, or ORELLANA, a river of
S America, which hag its fource in Peru,
not far from the Pacific Ocean, and run-
ning £ falls into the Atlantic Ocean di-
rectly under the equinoétial line. Its
courfe is 3000 miles, and it is the greateft
river in the world: its mouth is 150 miles
broad; and it receives, in its progreis,
near 200 other rivers, many of which have
a courfe of 5 or 600 leagues, fome of
the:n not inferior to the Danube or the
Nile; and 1500 miles from its mouth, it
is 30 or 40 fathoms deep. In the rainy
feafon it overflows its banks, and fertilizes
the adjacent, country.
AMAZONIA, a country in S America,
bounded on the N by Terra Firma and
AMB
Guiana, on the E by the Atlantic Ocean
and Brafil, on the s by Paragua, and on
the w by! ru. It is 1200 miles long,
and 960 broad. It was difcovered, in
1580, by Francifco Orellana, who, com-
ing trom Peru, failed down the river
Amazontothe Atiantic. Obferving com-
panies of women in arms on its banks, hé
called the country Amazonia, and gave
the name of Amazon to the river, which
had formerly been called Maragon. But
this was probably a fiStion, for M. Con-
damine could perceive no fuch women.
The foil is very rich and fertile; the trees
and plants are verdant all the year. “The
rivers and lakes are infefted by alligators
and water-ferpents. ‘Their banks are in-
habited by different tribes of Indians, go-~
verned by petty fovereigns, diftinguithed
trom their fubjects by coronets of beautiful
feathers. The Spaniards have made man
attempts to fettle this country; but ditt
culties and difafters have hitherto rendered
their defigns abortive. On that part of
the coaft between Cape North and the
mouth of the Amazon, the Portuguefe,
indeed, have fome fettlements.
_AMBERG, a town of Germany, capital
of the Upper Palatinate of Bavaria. Yt
has a ftrong caftle, and is feated onthe river
Ills, 40 miles & of Nuremburg. Lon. 1z
7 Ey lat. 49°30 N.
AMBERT, a town of France, in the de-
partment of the Puy de Dome and late
province of Auvergne, feated in a beauti-
ful valley, on the river Ore. There are
no lefs than 60 papermakersin its vicinity,
who manufatture paper for printing cards,
and engraving. It has alfo a trade ‘in
coarfe laces, camlets, ferrets, &c. It is
21 miles g of Iffoire, and 300 s by & of
Paris. Lon. 3 50 £, lat. 4525 N.
AMBLESIDE, a town of Weftinorland,
with a market on Wednefday, feated on
Winander-mere, 13 miles Nw of Kendal,
and 271 NNw of London. Lon. 36 w,
lat. 54.28 N.
AMBLETEUSE, a feaport of Frances
in the department of the Straits of Calais
and late province of Picardy, eight miles
N of Boulogne. Lon. 1 q1 £, lat. so
49 N.
AMBOISE, a town of France, in the
department of Indre and Loire and late
province of Touraine, feated at the con-
fluence of the Loire and Maffee. The
ftaircafe of the caftle, being without fteps,
may be afcended to the very top. Here
Lewis: x1 inftituted the order of St. Mi-
chael; and here, in 1560, was formed-the
famous confpiraty againft the Guiles,
known by the name . Amboife.. It is1z
| a
a
A
ss
ae
ae
he
i
Bah
HT
i
}
AME
miles g of Tours, and 118 s by w of
Paris. Lon.o 54 £, lat. 4725 N.
. AMBOYNA, an ifland of Afia, in the
Tadian Ocean, with a garrifon town of the
fame name. It is the chief of the Moluc-
€as, and remarkable for the quantity of
cloves and nutmegs it produces. ‘he
Englith and Dutch had factories here at the
beginning of the 17th century; but the
Dutch expelled the Englith, and tortured
and, put to death many of them. ‘The
natives wear large whikers, and their
drefs is only a fight piece of tuff wrapped
‘sound their middle. The men buy their
‘wives of their parents, and if they prove
‘barren, the marriage is void. They are
fenerally Mahometans; but there are
ome Roman catholics among them. Lon.
"927 OE, lat.gos.
_ AMBRESBURY, a town in Wilthhire,
with a market on Friday, fix miles n of
Salifbury, and 78 w of London. Lon.
“3-40 Wy Jat. 51 11 N.
‘“AMBRYM, one of the New Hebrides,
in the S Pacific Ocean. Lo. 168 13 £,
“at. 1610 Ne
, -AMeDABAD, a confiderable city, the
eapital of Guzerat, in Hindooftan Proper.
It is one of the beft fortified places in
_ India; but was taken by general Goddard,
“in 1780, from the Poonah Mahrattas, to
_ whom it wasreftoredin 1783. Travellers
. Rave dwelt much on its beauty and con-
“venient fituation. It is feated in a level
country, on the banks of a navigable
" river that falls into the gulf of Cambay,
321 miles N of Borsbay. Lon. 72 37 £,
" Jat. 22 58 N.
AMEDNAGUR, a city of Hindooftan,
in the Deccan; once the capital of the
~ foubah of the fame name, which is now
better known by that of Dowlatahad.
This city was the refidence of the emperor
Aurungzebe, during his conqueft of the
_ Deccan andtheCarnatic. It is 181 miles,
by Poonah, from Bombay. Lon. 75 0 £,
lat. 19 10 N.
AMELIA, an ancient town of Italy, in
the duchy of Spoleto, with a bithop’s fee;
feated on a mountain, between the Tiber
and Nira, in a fertile country, 20 miles
sw of Spoleto, and 45 N of Kome. Lon.
32 30 £, lat. 42 33 N.
4. AMERICA, one of the four parts of
the world, and by much the largeft. It
is bounded on all fides by the ocean, as
appears from the lateft difcoveries ; it be-
ing formerly fuppofed to join to the north-
+ealt part of Afia.. Lt took its, name from
Americus Vefpucius, a, Florentine, who
having accompanied Qjeda, a Spanifh ad-
venturer, to America, and drawn up an
AME
amufing hiftory of his voyage, publithed
it, sid fewas fend with ocralvatlon, {n his
narrative, he had infinuated, that the glory
of having firft difcovered the continent of
the new world belongedtohim. This was
in part believed ; the country began to be
called after the name of its fuppofed firft dif-
coverer; and the unaccountable caprice of
mankind has perpetuated the error. But
Ameri¢a was firft diicovered by Chriftopher
Columbus, a Genoefe, in 1g01. It is
called the New World with great pro-
piety, for not only the men, but the birds
and beafts differ, in fome refpets, from
thofe known before. It has likewife a
great number of trees and plants, that
grew no where elie, before they were tran{-
planted to other places. All the men,
except the Efkimaux, near Greenland,
feem to have the fame origin; for they
agree in every particular, from the ftraite
ot Magellan, in the s, to Hudfon's Bay,
in the x. Theirikins, unlefs daubed with
greafe or oil, are of a‘red copper colour,
and they have no beards, or hairon any
other part of their bodies, except their
heads, where “it is black, ftraight, and
coarfe, Many are the conjeétures about
the peopling of this vaft continent, and
almoft as various as their authors. Ame-
rica is fo long, that it takes in not only all
the Torrid, but alfo the Temperate and
part of the Frigid Zones. It is hard to
fay how many different languages there
are in America, a vaft number being
fpoken by the different people in different
parts; and as to religion, there is no
giving any tolerable account of it in ge-
neral, though fome of the moft civilized of
the aborigines feem to have worthi
the ‘fun. ‘The principal motive of the
Spaniards in fending fo many colonies
here was the thirft of gold; and indeed
they and the Portuguefe are poffefled of
all thofe parts where it is found in the
greateft plenty. This vatt continent is
divided into N and S America, which
are joined by the ifthmus of Darien. (It
has the loftieft mountains in the world,
fuch as thofe that form the immenfe chain
called the Andes; and the moft ftupen-
dous rivers, fuch as the Amazon, Plata, |
Oronoko, Miffiffippi, Illinois, Mifaures,
Ohio, St. Lawrence, Hudfon, Delaware,
Sufquehannab, Potorhac, é&c. ’ Befide the
aborigines, who inhabit ‘the’ interior
parts, and the United States of America,
who poffefs fome of the fineft provinces,
that tormerly belonged to Great’ Britain,
the different European ‘powers ‘have’ fich
and flourifhing colonies here. “The United
States pollels New England; New York,
ge, publithed
ration. Inhis
thattheglory @%
e continent 0 4 wo
m. Thiswas | |
ry he to be
ppoft firft dif-
able caprice of
ie error. But
by Chriftopher
1401. It is
ith great pro-
n, but the birds
refpects, from
has likewife 2 (4
d plants, that =|
hey were tranf=
All the men,
ar Greenland,
rigin; for they
from the ftraite
Hudfon's Bay,
'efs daubed with
copper colour,
or hair ‘on any
es, except their
c, ftraight, and
ynjeétures about
: continent, and
authors. Ame-
es in not only all
- Temperate and
, It is hard to
an es there
ite being
pople in different
in, there is no
nt of it in ge-
mott civilized of
ave worthipped
motive of the
many colonies
old; and indeed
are poffefled of
is found in the
ait continent is
America, which
of Darien. It
s in the world,
2 immenfe chain
he moft ftupen-
Amazon, Plata,
ois, Mifaures,
Hfon, Delaware,
&c. *Befide the
‘the’ ‘interior
és of America,
neft provinces,
» Great’ Britain,
ers have’ rich
e. The United
JARIBBEA ea
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i
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(astO7’ £4
ra“ _~ * three Mounke
“SOUTH AMERIC sate, 0 cme
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( NORTH AMERICA
FROM THE BEST
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*Wravd by B. Baker Telingto"*
wie___1#/0 Longitude West _2|¢_from London _10)0
ey
be
AS SINIPOELS
ee,
AMO
Wew Jerfey, Pennfylvania, Delaware, Ma-
ryland, Virginia, North and South Ca-
' rolina, Kentucky, and all the country to
the N of the Ohio, extending from Penn-
fylvania on the £, the lakes on the x, and the
Miffiffippi on the w. The countries poffefled
by Great Britain are, Labrador or New
Britain, Upper and Lower Canada, Nova
Scotia, shat Kew Brunfwick. In N Ame-
rica, Spain poffeffes Eaft and Welt Florida,
Louifiana, New Mexico, California, and
Old Mexico or New Spain: in S Ame-
rica, they have Terra Firma, Peru, Chili,
and Paragua. In S America, the Portu-
guefe have Brafil: the French, Cayenne;
and the Dutch, Surinam, both in Guiana.
AMERSFORT, a town of the United
Provinces, in Utrecht, feated in a fertile
country on the river Embs, 12 miles £
of Utrecht. Lon. 5 22 E, lat. 52 14. N.
AMERSHAM, or AGMONDESHAMy a
borough of Bucks, with a market on
Tuefday. It fends two members to par-
ljament, and is 26 miles sz of Buckingham,
and 29 nw of London. Lon. o 35 w,
lat. 51 40 N. :
AMID, a town of Natolia, 40 miles
z of Amafia. Lon. 36 40 £, lat. 40
ON.
arene an ancient city of France,
in the department of Somme and late pro-
vince of Picardy, the epifcopal town of
the department. The nave of the ca-
thedral is a finifhed piece of building, and
the whole itructure ftately ; befide which,
there are 10 parifh churches, one in the
faburbs, and an academy of belles lettres,
Three branches of the river Somme enter
this city. It was taken by the Spaniards
‘in 1597, but retaken by Henry Iv, who
built a citadel here. It has manufactures
in linen and woollen cloth, eftablifhed by
Colbert, which employ, in the city and
adjacent country, 30,000 people. It is
20 miles sé of Abbeville, and 75 N of
Paris. Lon. 2 28 #, lat. 49 54.N.
AMMERCOT, a fort in Hindooftan
Proper, in a very extenfive fandy defert,
between the Indus, the territories of Agi-
mere and Moultan, and the Puddar, This
place is celebrated as the retreat of the
emperor Humaioon, during his troubles ;
and here was born his fon, the illuftrious
Achar. It is 190 iniles N by E of Tatta.
AMOL, a town of Afia, in Ufbec ‘Tar-
tary, feated on the river Gihon, 60 miles
w of Bo'thara. Lon. 64 30 8; lat. 39 20N.
Am »xGUS, an ifland of the Archipe-
Jago, fertile in wine, ojl, and corn. The
belt cultivated parts belong to a monaftery ;
and the greateft inconvenience which the in-
habitanta af this and «experience ia the
si
AMS.
want of fuel. It is 30 miles in circum-
ference, and 67 N of Candia. Lon. 26
15 By lat. 46 20 N. Prk:
Amour, ariver of Afia, which rifes
in Siberia, runs £ through Chinefe Tat-’
tary, and falls into the bay of Corea.
AMOY, an ifland on the sw coaft of
China. The Englith had a fattory here,’
but abandoned it, on account of the im-
pofitions of the inhabitants. © = =
AMPHIPOLIS, a town of Turkey in
Europe, anciently the capital of Macedo-
nia, on the river Strymon, 70 miles’ Nz of
Salonichi. Lon.'24 16 &, lat. 41°48 B.°
AMPLEPUIS, a town of France, in
the department of Rhone and Loire.” I
is celebrated for its wines, and is*16 miles
E of Roanne. ; phish
AMPTHILL, 3 town .in Bedfordthire,
with a market on Thurfday, feated ‘pica.
fantly between two ‘hills, Bt in a bafren
foil. It is noted for having been the re-
fidence of Catharine of Arragon, queeh
of Henry vis, during the time that herurt-
jutt divorce was inagitation. This eventié
commemorated by 4 tical inftription
on a column where the old cattle
It is fix miles s of Bedford, and 45:1
of London, Lon. o 30 w, iat. $2 ON,
AMPURIAS, a feaport of Spain, ‘i
Catalonia, at the mouth of the river f hi-
via, 60 milés NE of Barcelona. Lon. 3
6 Ey lat. 42 5 .N. oi she aa
Amras, a cattle, in Germany, feat
in the Tirol, two miles’ SE of nfprue .
It is remarkable for a'rich library, adorned
with the portraits of many, learned men.
Lon. 1129 £, lat. 479 N- 222
AMSTERDAM, a rich and populous
city in Holland, capital of the United Pro-
vinces. ‘The walls are high, and well
fortified ; and the bridge which joins
rampart is built over the river Amftel,
and is one of the fineft pieces of archi-
tecture in thefe parts. Few cities Raye
their pubiic buildings fo fine, numerous,
and weil kept. Here are many handfome
churches, and hofpitals for perfons of all
religions and countries. ‘The exchang
is one of the principal ornaments of the
city, ahd the harbour is ‘one of the lar elt
and fineft jn Europe, where a vaft number
of merchant fhips may always be {eens
though ‘here is a bar at its entrance,
whichis however, a great fecurity againft
foreign enemies. ‘The fdundation of this
town is laid upon piles, driven into a mo-
rafs, and undér the ftadthoufe alone are
13,000. The fireets are {pacious and well
paved, and molt of them have canals,
with rows of trees cn each fide, If is
compuied ta he en bali ae big a0
54 ;
ANC
London, and is governed by a college of
30 fenators, void their places for life,
and 12 burgomafters, four of whom are
ways fitting. It furrendered to the king
of Pruffia in O&. 1787, when that prince
invaded Holland, in favour of the {tadt-
holder, but was cvacuted on the reftora-
‘jon of the latter to his rights. It re-
ceived the French troops, Jan. 19, 1795,
without any refiftance. It is feated at the
confluence of the rivers Amiftel and Wye,
65 miles N of Antwerp, 175 © by N of
London, 240 n by £ of Paris, and 560
nw of Vienna, Lon, 4 50 £, lat. 52 23 N.
\ AMWELL, a Village near Ware, in
Hertfordthire, famous tor giving rife io the
New River, which fupplies London with
water, ;
‘ Amanir, a river of Siberia, that falls
into'the Ealtern Ocean. _
“ ANAGNI, a town of Italy, in Cam-
pa na di Roma, with a bifhop’s fee, 32
miles £ of Rome. Lon. 13 25 £, lat.
G1. 56 N.
4, 4+NACOPIR, the capital of the nation
f'the Abkahs, on the river Makai, which
hile below it into the Black: Sea.
' ,ANATTOM, an ifland, one of the New
Hebrides, in the S Pacific Ocean. Lon.
379 9.E, lat, 20 10 8." *
_ ANCARANO, a town of Italy, in the
marquifaté of Ancona, five miles n of Af-
oli,, and, 82 NE of Rome. Lon. 13 29
? fat, 2,48 N. sot a
by ANE: STER, a village in Lincolnfhire,
15 injles 's of Lincoln. It'was anciently
2 Romanvilldge, on’ d Roman highway,
AND
debted to pope Clement x11, who made
it a free port, and built a mole, to
render the harbour fafe: it is erefted on
the ruins of the ancient mol, raifed by
the emperor Trajan, and is above 2009 fect
in length, 100 in breadth, and about 66 in
depth from the furiace of the fea. Near
this ftands the Triumphal Arch of Tra-
jan, which, next to the Maifor Quarrét at
Nilmes, is the moft entite’monuinent of
Roman magnificence exifting. Here like-
wife Clement’ erected a’ lazaretts, which
advances a little way into the fea, in the
form of a pentagon, and isa noble as
well as ufeful editice.. Great numbers of
Jews are fettled in this city, where they
have a fynagogue; and, although all re-
ligions are tolerated, theirs is‘ the only
foreign worhhip allowed to be publicly ex-
ercifed. - Ancona was taken bythe French
in June 1796. tis 116 miles n by £ of
Rome. Lon. 13 35 £, lat. 43 38 .N,
ANDALUSIA, & province of Spain, 250
miles in length, and 1§0 in breadth. «Ft ts
bounded oh the s by Granada, on the w.
by Algarva and the Atlantic, on the N
by Eftramadura, andd'én, thee by Murcia.
The Guadalquiver ins through its whole
length; and it is the moft fertile’ and
trading country it Spain. ‘The capital is
Seville. ant Son as
ANDAMAN ISLANDS, -on'the £ fide of
the entrance into the bay of Bengal. The
inhabitants are an inoffenfive people, and
live chiéfly on rice, truits, and herbs, with
which. they furnifh the flips that touch
there. tN eee
and lies under a hill which’ abounds with | ANpaye, a fortified town of France, wi
“afitiquities, | f° ; in the department of the Lower “Pyrenees tw
.. ANCENIS, a town of France, feated on and late territory cf Bafques, famous for ve
‘the Loire; .in the department of Lower its brandy. Icis ftuateat the mouth of the by
‘Loire. and late proviace of Bretagne, 20 river Bidaffoa, oppofite Fentarabia in of
"miles ol Nantes. Lon.i 5w,lat.4715N. Spain, 18 miles sw of Bayonne.’ Lon. 1 “4
pag INCLAM, a town of Germany, in Po- 45 W, Ist.43 25 We > ol G
wHérania, feated on the river Pene, 20 miles ANDELY, a town of France, in the ft
{¥6f, Griptwald. Lon. 342 £, lat.53 52. N. department of Eure and late province’ of th
"| AANCOBER, a territory on the gold Normandy, divided by a paved road into
_toaft ‘of Guinea, having a river of the two little towns called Great und Little P:
“Fame namé ‘flowing through it, the banks Andely, a mile frors each other. Great B
Of which “are adorned with Jofty trees. Andely is ina valley, on the little river ¥
‘On the weftern bank is a populous village. Gambons. It has a fountain, which bears ar
~~ ANCONA, a marguifate m Italy, inthe the name of St. Clotilda, and to'which pil: ¢!
‘ Ecclefiattical mrete., grims refort on the feftival of that faint. :
, JANTONA, an ancient town and citadel Little Andely is on the Seine. Tire cloths yn
“of Ktaly, on the guli’ of Venice, in the mamuifaétured here are faid to be equal e
“ marquifate of Ancona. Tt was originally to thofe of England. Andély is the birth- y
, built’ upon a hill, and thé cathedral place of Nicholas Poulin, ‘the Raphael of 5 ,
rMands’ upcn the higheft pari, but the France. It is 20 miles sz of Rouen, bs
“houfes Mave been gradually extended down and 60 Nw.of Paris. Lon. 1 30 g, lat &
BD the fide Gf the eminence toward the fea. 49 20 N. - b
Phe commerce of Ancona has rapidly in- ANDERNACH, an ancient city of Ger- fi
creafed ot lite years 3, for which jit-is‘in- mafiy, in the electorate of Cologne, feated #
-
rt dant.
PE ieee ccnay ap teiee Anes atameer es se
AND
on the Rhine, ro miles nw of Coblentz.
Lon. 7 22 £, lat. 50 29 N.
ANDERO, Sr. a feaport of Spain, in
Bifcay, where the Spaniards build and lay
‘up fome of their men of war. It is 60
miles w of Bilboa. Lon. 4 30 £, lat. 43
25 N. Sag :
_ ANDES, or CoRDILLERAS, a chain
ef mountains in S America, running trom
WN to, s along the coaft of the Pacific
Ocean. They exceed in length any chain
‘of mountains in the other parts .of the
globe; extending from the ifthmus of Da,
rien to the ftraits of Magellen, dividing,
the whole fouthern part of America, . an
running a length of 4300 miles. They
are much fuperior in height to any other
mountains; for the plain of Quito, which
may be confidered as the bafe of the Andes,
is elevated further above the fea than the
top of the Pyrenees; and they, rife,, in
different places, more than one third
above the Pike of Teneriff, once thought’
to be the higheft Jand in the ancient he-
mifphere. ‘The Andes may literally be
faid to hide their heads in the clouds; the
forms often roll, and ‘the thunder burfts,
below their fummits, which, though ex-
pofed to the rays of the fun in the torrid
zone, are covered with: everlafting fhow.
From experiments made with a, barometer
on the mountain of Cotopaxi, it appeared
that ite fummit was elevated 6252 yards
above the furtace of the fea, fomething
more than three geographical miles. In
thefe mauntains are. many volcanps, .
ANDOVER, a.borough in Hampbhire,
with a market on Saturday. It fends
two members to parliament, and is go-
verned by a inayor.. It is 10 miles N
by w of Winchefter, and 65 w by s
of London. Lon. 1 20 wy, lat. 51 14. N.
.. ANDRARUM, a town of Sweden, in
Gothland, three miles s of Chriftian-
ftadt: here is, the greateft alum work in
the kingdom. -
' ANDREW, ST. a fort of the United
Provinces, at the & end of the ifle of
Bommel Waert, taken by the French in
3794, immediately retaken by the allies,
apd again taken by the French before the
¢lofe of the year.
ANDREW, Sr. a town of Germany,
in Carinthia, with a bifhop’s fee, pose
en the river Levant, 95 miles s by w 0
Vienna. Lon. 15 109 £, lat. 46 52 N.
_ Anprew’s, Sr. a city in Fifehhire,
with ‘a univerfity. It was formerly the
fee of an archbifhop, and js feated at the
hottom of a bay, on the level top of a
fimall hill, extending 2 and w, -having
@, pes profpedt of the German, Occan.
r
ANG
The univerfity, which was founded by
bithop Wardlaw, in 1413, confiits of
three colleges. The cathedral, the chapel
of St. Regulus, the church of St. Salva-
tor, and the priory, have been noble Gothic
ftructures. The caftle was the feene of
the cruelty and punithment of cardé..al
Beton: the window is {till fhown,. from
which he beheld the martyrdom of George -
Withart, who was burnt on the {pot
beneath ; and in this caftle he himéfelf was °
aifaffinated in 1546. The houles, though-
built of ftone, are gone to decay, there.
being no manufactures to fupport the nu-
merous inhabitants; nor is the harbour in.
a good condition. It,is. 30 miles nu, of .
Edinburgh. ‘Lon. 2 45 W, lat. 56 18 N,
ANDRIA, a town of Naples, in Bari,
with a bithop’s fee, four miles s of Bar...
letta, Lon. 16 32 8, lat. 41 25 N, detes
Anpros, an, ifland and town’ in the;
Archipelago. The inhabitants aye of the,
Greek church, and have a bithop and” fe,
veral monafteries. The principal riches.
of this ifland confift in filks, and the fields.
are pleafant and fertile; being planted.
with oranges, citrons, mulberries, pome-
granates, and fizs, It lies to the N ef
Candia. Lon. 25 30 £, hak: 37 SON.
ANDUXaR, a town of Spain, in An-,
dalufia, defended by.a cattle, and feated
on thé Guadalquiver, 35 miles & of Cor-
dova.. Lon. 3 34 W, lat. 37 55,
-ANEGADA, one of the Englith Virgin
Iflands. Lon. 64 7 Ww, lat. 18 40.N.
ANGELO, ST. a town of Naples, in
Cap) nata, fives miles.n of Manteedonia
and | im the fea. Lon. 1633 Ry lat.
41 40.N.
ANGELOS, « populous town of Mex-
ico, with a bifhop’s fee. The sir is ex-
cellent, and the land. abounds in corn.
It is 62 miles se of Mexico. Lon. 99
22 W, lat. 19 30 N.
ANGERS, an ancient town of France, in
the late province of Anjou, and the epif,
copal fee of the department of Maine
and Loire. It is feated near the conflu-
ence of the Sarte and Loire, and is divide
by the Majne into two parts. che wef.
tern, extending into the plain, and the east;
ern, which rifes on the acclivity of a hill.
Its environs prefent a pleafing view of nu-
merous country hoyfes, upward of a huns
dred windmills, well-cultivated kitchen-
ardens, and eminences that produce good
White wing. © The cathedral is an elegant
ftructure: the exquifite neatnefs of the
wainfcot of the choir, the width of the nave,
and the i ga ate, furrounded by three
fteeples (of which the centre one has ng
fupport but the 4 5 of the other two)
t
ae
i
Mi
i
it)
'
ANG
are particularly admired. In this cathe-
drai is the tomb of Renc, king of Sicily,
and ‘everal bithops, in white marble; and
here is fhown an urn, which is pretended
to hive been ufed at the wedding of Cana,
Ketore the late diffolution of convents,
roonks of every order were to he {een at
Angers; and out of four abheys that
belonzed to the Benedictines, three were
particularly beautiful. Here is an aca-
demy of belles lettres, eftablifhed in 1685.
The inhabitants are computed at 30,000;
and here is a confiderable manufacture of
haidkerchiefs and failcloth. The’ pro-
duce of the flate quarries, at the extre-
mity of the fuburb of Breffigny, forms
likewife an important article of ¢com-
merce: this flate is fo common, that the
moft paltry hovel in the fuburbs is covered
with it; on which account Angers has’
been called the Black City. The cattle,
flanked by 18 great round towers, is re-
markable only for its advantageous fitia-
tion on arock, and the width ofits diiches.
Tt is 50 miles ‘e of Nantes, and 175 sw
of Paris. Lon. 0 35 w, lat. 47 30 N.
ANGHIERA, a town of Italy, in the’
Milanefe, capital of a county of the
fame name. |
of the lake Maggiore, 30 miles NW of
Milan. Lon. 8 40 g, lat. 45 42.N.
ANGLESEY, an’ ifland and the moft
weltern county of N Wales. It is 24
miles in Jength, 14 in breadth, and fends
two meinbers to parliament. It is in the
diocefe of Bangor, is divided into fix
hundreds, containing two market-towns,
and 74 parifhes. It is feparated from
Carnaryonfhire by a long and narrow
ftrajt called the Menai. That part of the
ifland which borders this’ ftrait is finely
wooded, recalling to the mind its ancient
ftate when it was the celebgated feat of
the Druids, whole terrific religious rites
were performed in the gloom of the thickeit
woods. Rude mounds, and heaps of
ftimes, faid to be druidical remains, are
ftill tobe feen. But a little way within,
the whole appears a naked tradl, without
trees oy hedges, watered by, numerous
rills, fertile in grafs and corn, and abound-
ing in eattle. .Vaft quantities of copper
are procured from a famous mine on Parys
mountain, In the Nw part of the ifland
is a quarty of gréen marble, intermixed
with that curious firb{tance culled afbeftos.
ANGOL, 8 to#n of S America, in
Chili; 12§ miles w of Baldivia, Lon. 72
59 Wy lat. 3736s, ©. Sia
ANGOLA, akingdom of Africa, bounded
on the N by Congo Proper, on the x by
Malemba, on the s by Benguela, and on
t is feated on the eaft fide’
ANG
the w by the ocean. It produces Indian”
corn, beans, oranges, lemons, and feverah
other fruits. The inhabitants are very
lazy, generally idolaters, and take as many
wives as they think fit. The country is
divided among feveral petty princes, and
the Portuguefe have feveral fettlements
on the coaft; but the Englifh and Dutch
trafie with the natives, and purchafe a
great numher of flaves. ;
ANGOULESME, a town of France, in’
the department of Charente end late pro-
vince of Angoumois, feated on & moun-
tain furrounded by rocks. ‘The river
Charente runs at the foot of it; and’
there are fome fine paper manuiactures'
in its environs. It is 20 miles 'w of
Limoges, and 250 8 by w of Paris. Lon.
014, lat. 45 39 N.
ANcoumois, alate province of Fraince;
bounded on the N by Poitou, on the'£
by Limofin and Marche, on thé s by
Perigord, and on the w by Siintonge.
It is now included in the department of
Charente.
ANGORA, a city of Natolia, in the
territory of Amafia, computed to contain
100,000 inhabitants. It is'a Greek
archbifaop’s fee, and remarkable for fome
remains of antiquity. The caftle has a
triple inclofure, and the walls are of
white rnarble and ftone, refembling por-
phyry. Here are bred 'the fineft goats in
the world ; and the hair is of a fine white,’
dlmoft like filk, which is worked ‘into
the fineft ftitfs, particularly - cainlers.
Near this city Pompey gained a great
vi&tory over Mithridates, and “Pamerlane
defeated Bajazet. It is 212 miles se of
Coriftantinople. Lon: 32 5 £, bat. 39 30N.
ANGRA, a {eaport, capital of Tercera,
one of the Azores. It is a bifhop’s fees
and the refidehce of the governor of the
Azores. Lon. 277 Wy, lat. 38 39 N.
ANGROGNA, a town of Piedmont, -
feven miles w of Pignerol. Lon. 7 15
E, lat. 45 0 N. ;
ANcuitLa, or SNAKE ISLAND, a
long and narrow ifland, winding fome-
what in the manner of a fnake. It is
woody, but perfeétly level; and is the
mott northerly of the Englifh Leeward
Hilands, in the W Indies, 60 miles Nw
of St. Chriftopher’s. Lon. 62 35 w, late
18 15 Ns
LNGUILLABA, a town of Italy, in the
pettimony of St. Peter, 15 miles Nw of
ome. , ,
Aficusstire, a county of Scotland
((fométies called FORFAR, from the name
of the county town) bounded on the 6 by
Aberdetnfhire, on the NE by Rincardjnes
~
Indian®
feveral
every
s many
ntry is
Sy and
ements
Dutch
shale a
nee, in’
te pro-
moun.
river
+3 cand”
actures *
Sw of
- Lon.
“ranee; *
the £
$ by
itonge.
nent of
in the
contain
Greek
rr fome
‘has a
are of
g por-
oats in
white,
d into
inlets.
great
erlané
se of
y ION.
reeray
"s fees
of the
Ne.
mont; ‘
7 15
Dy a
fome-
It is
s the
ward
Ss NW
) late
in the
ANN
fhire, on the & by the German Ocean, on
the s by the frith of Tay, and on the
w by Perthihire. Its length and breaith
are nearly equal, about 35 miles. It has’
mary lakes and hills, but is fuittul in
corn and pattures. The’ principal rivers
are the North and South Ffk.
ANiiALT, a principality of Germany,
in the circle of Upper Saxony, 42 miles
in length, and eight in breadth; bounded
on the s by Mansfield, on the w by Hal-
berftadt, on the & by Saxony, and on the
nN by Magdeburg. It abounds in corn,
and is watered by the Salde and the
Mulda.
ANHALT, an ifland of Denmark, lying
in the Caterate, eight miles from the
coaft of Jutland, and ro from Zealand.
It is dangerous to feamen, for which
reaton there is a lighthoufe.
ANIAN, a country on the EF coaft of
Africa, near the Rett Sea, lying between
40 and 50° &,° lon. and between the
equator and 10° N latitude.
ANJENGO, a Iniall town and faétory
on the coaft of Malabar, belonging to the
E India company. ‘Their merchandife
confifts chiefly in pepper and calicoes,
Lon. 77 1 £, lat. go N.
Anjou, a late province of France,
bounded on the N by Maine, on the w
by Bretagne, on the s by Poitou, and on
the & by Touraine. It tormerly belonged
to the fovereigns of England. It now
forms, with the late provinces of Maine
and’ Touraine, the four departments of
Maine and Loire, Indre-and Loire, Maine,
and Sarte.
ANKAM, a rivulet in Lincolnthire,
noted for its fine cels. It empties itfeif
into the Humber, and has been made
navigable for floops as far as Glandford»
bridge.
ANNA, a town of Arabia Petrea, on
the weftern bank of the Euphrates, and
the pleafanteft place in thefe parts, there
being plenty of olives, oranges, citrons,
lemons, pomegranates, and datese The
fields are fown with cotton; and the corn
grows extremely high. It is 130 miles
w of Bagdad, and 120 ssw of Mouttol,
Lon. 41 0 £, lat. 3335 N.
ANNAMOOKA, one of the Friendly
Tflands in the S Pacific Ocean, difcovered
by Tafman in 1643, and vifited by cap-
thin Cook in 1774 and 1777, It 1s
well cultivated in many places, confitt-
ing of plantations of yams‘aud plantains.
Many of them are extenfive, and inclofed
with neat: fences of reed. Whe bread«
fruit and ¢ocoa-nut trecs are ‘ nterfperfed
with litte order, ont chiefly ear the baa
ANN
bitations ‘of the natives; and the other
parts of the ifland, eipecially toward the
fea, are covered with trees and bufhes of
a luxuriant growth. It is fitaate about’
187 E lon. and 20 ¢ lat.
ANNAN, a borough of Annandale, in
Dumtriesfhire, feated on the river Annan,
about three iniles N of Solway Frith, and
60 s of Edinburgh. Lon. 3 4 w, lat.
SSON,
ANNAN, ariver of Scotland, which
rifing in the Moffat Hills, and flowing,
in a foutherly dire&tion, through Annan-
dale, empties itfelf into Solway Frith.
ANNANDALE, a diftrict of Dumtries-
fhire in Scotland, fo called from the river
Annan, The motntains in the northern
part of this difttist, fometimes named’
« Moffat Hills, are the highelt inthe s of
Scotland. From thete deteend the ‘weed,
the Clyde, and the Annan.
ANNANO, a fort inthe duchy of Milan,
ferted on the T'enaro, 12 miles $ of Catal.
Lon. 8 36 &, lat. 44 56 N.
ANNAPOLIS, the capital of Maryland,
in N America, fituate atthe mouth of the
Severn river. Although a place of little
note in the commercial world, it is one
of the wealthieft towns of its fize in
America. ‘The houfes, about 260 in
number, are generally large and clegant.
The defign of thot who planned the city
was to have the whole in the forn of a
circle, with the ftreets, like radii, bes
ginning at the centre, where tie ftadthoule
ftands, and thence diverging into every
direQion. The principal part of the
buildings are arranged agreeable to thig¢
plan. ‘The ftadthouie is the noblelt build-
ingx of the kind in America. Armapolis
is 30 miles s of Baltimore. Lon. 77 20
W, lat. 39 0. N.
ANNAPOLIS, a fortified town of Nova
Scotia, in N America. It flands on the
E fidé of the bay of Fundy, and has one
of the fineft harbours in the world. Lon.
64 5 W, lat. 44 52 N.
ANNECY, a town of Savoy, in the
duchy of Genevois, feated en the river
Siers, and on a lake of its own name,
about 10 miles long, and four broad. It
is 70 miles s of GSeneva, and 22 NB of
Chamberry. Lon. 6 § £, lat. 45 53 N.
ANNOBONA, an ifland of Africa, on
the coaft of Guinea, fo called, becaufe it
was found out on New-year's-day. It is
well ttocked with cattle and fruit, and the
air is more heaithful than in other iflands
on the faine coait. It abounds with palm-
trees, Cocoas, oranges, lemons, bananas,
and feveral other fruits; with hogs, goats,
{heep and chicken, which are all extremes
3
|
|
3
ee ee
ee
Se Se
ANT
By cheap. The governor is a Portugucle.
Lon. 5 10 £, lat. : 50 5.
ANNONAY, atown of France, in the
department of Ardeche and late province
of Dauphiny. Very fine paper is inanu-
faStured here; and it was in this place
that the two brothers Montgolfier, paper-
makers, difcovered, in 1782, the ule of
rarefied airin floating balloons, by a firc-
lace fufpended under them: Annonay
ws feated on the confluence of the riveis
Cances and Deumes, 12 miles sw of
Vienne, Lon. 4 §5 £, lat. 45 15 N.
Ano-Capri, the largeft town in the
ifland of Capri, belonging to the kingdom
of Naples.
ANSPACH, a town and caftle of Ger-
any, in Franconia, and capital of the
margravate of Anfpach. The, preient
prince lately abdicated his dominions, in
conlideration of a ftipulated revenue, in
favour of the king of Pruifia, who is of
the fame family; and having married
Elifabeth dowager lady Craven, in 1791,
has fince fettled in England. ‘The palace
at Anfpach, which is near the caftle,
has.a remarkable cabinet of curiofitics.
It is feated on a river of the fame name,
25 miles sw of Neuremburg. Lon. 10
47 &, lat. 49.20 N.
ANSTRUTHER, a2 borough on the se
coalt of Fifefhire, 25 miles Ne of Edin-
burgh. Lon. 2 34 wy, lat. 5615 N.
' ANTEQUIERA, a town of Spain, in
Granada, divided into the Upper and the
Lower. The Upper is {cated on a hill,
and has a caftle: the Lower ftands in a
fertile plain, and is watered by many
brooks. There is a large quantity of
Jalt in the mountain ; and five miles from
the town, a {pring famous for the cure of
the gravel. It is 26 miles N of Malaga.
Lon. 4 30 Wy lat. 37 1 N.
ANTEQUIERA, a town of N America,
in New Spain, in the province of Guaxa-
qua, 75 miles sz of Guana
ANTIBES, a feaport of France, in the
department of Var and late province of
Provence, with a ftrong caftle. Its terri-
tory produces excellent fruit; and it is
feated on the Mediterranean, nine miles
w of Nice. Lon. 7 13 £, lat. 43 35 N.
‘ ANTICOSTE, 2 barren ifland of N
America,*‘in the mouth of the river Si.
Lawrence. Lon. 64 16 w, lat. from 49
to 52 N.
ANTIGUA, one of the Englith Leeward
Jflands in «he W Indies, about 20
miles in length and breadth. The in-
habitants are in great want of watcr, and
are obliged to fave the rain-water in
¢ifterns, and to fetch it from other iflands,
MNP eames ak Cee tN SM te 7
ANT
The chief produce is fugar,. of whick
it annually makes 16,000 hogfheads. It
was taken by the French in 1732, but
reftored in 1783. The capital is St.
John’s. It is 60 miles & of St. Chrif-
topher’s. Lon, 62:5 w, lat. 71 5.N.
ANTILLES, the name which the French
give to the Caribbeg Iflands, difcovered by
Columbus, in 1492. Sce INDIEs, WEST.
ANTIO, a promontory of Italy, in the:
patrimeny of St. Peter, near waich is a
harbour, lately, made. It takes its name
from the ancient city of Antium,the ruins
of which extend over a long tract of land. .
ANTIOCA, or ANTIOCH, an ifland
in the Mediterranean, near Sardinia, taken
from his Sardinian majefty, by the Frenchy.
in February 1793, but evacuated {oon after,
ANTIOCH, now. ANTHAKIA, an an-{
cient and celebrated town of Syria, of
which it was formerly, the capital; but it
is now aloft come to nothing: however,
the magnificent ruins of it ftill remain.
It is feated on the river Orontes, now called
Affi, 15: miles £ of the Mediterranean,
and 40 sw of Aleppo. Lon. 36 45 Ey
lat. 35 17 N. : ‘
ANTIOCHETTA, a town of Turkey in
Afia, in Caramania, with a bithop’s fee,
oppolite the ifland of Cyprus. Lon. 32
15 E,.lat. 36 42 N.
ANTIPAROS, the ancient Olearos, ay
ifland of the Archipelago, two miles w
o¢ Paros. It is only a rock, 16 miles in
circuit; yet, in fome parts, is well culti-
vated rane roduces as much barley as feryes
a imall villane It has a grotto, which
is one of the greateft curiofities in natures
it. appears to be about 80 yards high and
100 broad; and the roof forms a pretty
good arch, which entertains the eye with
a vait variety of figures, of a white
tran{parent cryftalline fubftance, very na-
turally refembling vegetables, marble
pillars, and a fuperb marble pyramid,
Lon. 25 44 £, lat. 37 8 N.
ANTIVARI, a town of Turkifh Dal.
matia, with a Greek archbifhop’s fee, 14
miles N of Dolcigno. Lon. 19 10 £, lat.
219 N.
ANTOINE, ST. a town of France, is-
the department of Ifere and late province
of Dauphiny.
tery, the church of which is magnificent.
It was the principal feat of an order of
Hofpitallers, united to that of Malta in
1777, and whole origin may be traced
to an hofpital, built (near a chapel, the
depofitory of the relics af St. Anthony)
by Gafton and his fon Girin, in 1095, for
the relief of devotees, fuffering under 9
diforder, since called Saint Anthony's
Here was lately a monat- .
re ral
‘matt
the;
tath:
‘one,
“ter.
ftud
a gi
he y
gel.
afte:
“at t
whe
which
ids. It
32, but
l is St.
. Chrif-
5 .N.
2 French
vered by
WEST.
y in the
ich. is a
ts name
he ruins
of land. .
1 ifland
a, taken
French, -
on after,
an anes
yria, of
; but it
jowever,
remain.
w called
rranean,
645 Ey
urkey in
op’s fee,
Lon. 32
AOS, aly,
iles w
miles in
I culti-
as ferves
, which
nature;
igh and
pretty
ve with
white
ery na-
marble
ramid,
Dal.
fee, 14
Es lat.
ce, im.
ovince
ona{- .
ficent.
der of
alta in
traced
el, the
hony )
D5, for
der 3
qpy.4
ANT
Fire. It is five miles NE of St. Mar-
celjan.
ANTONIO, ST. one of the Cape de
Verd Ilands, 15 miles from St. Vincent.
It is full of high mountains, whence pro-
ceed {treams of excellent water, which ren-
der the land very fruitful. The principal
town is feated among the mountains.
Lon. 250 W, lat. 17 ON.
AN'FRIM,,a county of Ireland, in the
province of Ulfter, bounded on the z by
St. George’s Channel, on the w by Lon-
donderry, on the nN by the ocean, and on
the sE by’ Down. It is 46 miles in
length, and 28..in breadth, .and is pretty
jruitful. It contains 56 parifhes; and.
fends 10 members to parliament.
- ANTRIM, the capital of the county of
Antrim, at the Nn end of the lake Lough-
Neagh. It is a poor place, but fends’
two members té: parliament, and is 13
iniles‘w of Carrickfergus. Lon. 6 6 w,
lat. §443.N. ° f'
. ANTRUM, a mountain of the Swifs
Alps, in'the Vallais, by which there is
a paflage’from the Vallais into the valley
ot Antrona: in the-Milanefe.
’ ANTWERP, a city of Brabant, capital
of the marquifate of the fame name,
with a biftiop’s fee. About 200 years
ago it was the greateft place for trade in
Europe: but the civil wars, caufed by
the tyranny of Philip 11, diminifhed that
commerce, which was effectually anni:
hilated in 1648; when, by the treaty of
Munker between Spain and the United
Provinces, the navigation of the Scheld
was fhut. “Scee-SCHELD. The river is
commodious, being 22 feet deep, and
400 yards wide; fo that large veflels
may come wp to the quay. . The cathe-
dra] is'a fine ftrusture, and contains an
alizmblage of paintings by the greateft
matters of the Flemith {chool, particularly
‘Rubens and Quintin Matiys. Ruben’s de-
{cent trom the crofs is‘efteemed his mafter-
Lng On a piéture of the fallen angels,
‘by the father-in-law.of Matfys, appears a
hornet on one of the'thighs. Concerning
this it is related, that Matfys, who was
originally a black/inith, falling in lovewith
the painter’s daughter, and applying to the
father tor his confent, was tetufed, as no
‘one, he faid, fhould have her, but a pain-
‘ter. On this, Matfys’ went to Italy to
-ftudy the art, and, ina few years, returned
a great mafter himfelf; and this .hornet
_he painted on the thigh of the falling an-
gel. The painter perceiving it, fome time
after, attempted to beat it off: aftonithed
“at the exquifite deception, he inquired
who had done it; and thus difcovering the
APA
fuperior {kill of Matfys, he immediately
confented to the marriage. There are
many fine paintings in the other churches,
and in private collections. The ex-
change, once fo thronged, and froin
which fir Thomas Grefham took the
model of that for London, is now the
abode of {folitude and filence; and ferves
‘no other purpofe than the accommodation
of an academy for painting, {culpture,
archite&ture, and the mathematics. The
townhoule, in the great niarket-place, is
a noble ftruéture... Here’ is fi feen a
houfe, ‘built in 1568, for the accommoda-
tion of the merchants of the: Hanfe
Towns; and hence they-went to the
Exchange, in procetfion, ‘preceded by a
band’ of mufic. In the principal {treet
is a crucifix:of bronze, 33 feet high, on.
a marble pedeftat.' This was made from
a demolifhed ftatue of the cruel duke of
Alva; which he himfelf had fet up in
the citadel. . The citadel is efteemed ong
at the ftrongeft fortreffes of the Low
Countries. Antwerp was taken by the
prince of Parma in 1585, after a long
and memorable fiege. It has been taken
more’ eafily fince, by the French in 1700,
by the allies in 1706, by the French in
1746 and 1792, by the Auftrians in
1793, and vy the French again in 1794.
It is.22 miles N of Bruffels, 22 Ne of
Ghent, and 65 s of Amfterdam. Lon.
4.28 By lat. 51 13.N...
. ANZERMA, a town.and province of
Popayan, in § America, where there are
mines of gold. The town is feated on the
river Coca. Lon. 75 25'W, lat. 4 53 #1
AORNUS. See ByoRE.
, AOUSTA,:2 town of Piedmont, capital
of a duchy of the fame name, and a_bi-
fhop’s fee. It is remarkable for feveral
monuments of the Romans.. It is feated
at the foot of the Alps, on, the Doria,
50 miles nw of Turin. Lon. 7 30 £,
late 45 48.N. 0 | ‘
AovwsTa, adutchy of Piedmont. It
is a valley 30 miles in length, and abounds
in paftures, and all forts of fruits.
APAMEBA,;, or AFAMEA, a town of
Syria, on the river Affi, 35 milea s of
Antioch. Lon. 36 56 E, lat. 34 32 N-
APANOMIA, a town of the ifland of
Santorini, in the fea of Candia. ‘It has
a fpacious harbour, in the form of a half-
moon, which is fo deep, that fhips can-
not, anchor there. Lon. 25 §9 Ey lat. 36
18 N.
APEE, one of the New Hebrides, near
Malicollo, in the S Pacific Ocean. Lon,
168 32 8, lat. 16 46 Ss.
’ APENRADE, a town of Denmark, ig
AQU
Stefwicks with a citadel, feated at the
bottom of :a gulf of the Baltic Sea, 27
miles .N of Slefwick, Lon. 9 38 E, lat.
556N.
APHIOM KARAHISSART, a town of
Natolia,called A phiom, becaufe it produces
a great dealof opium, called aphium by the
Purks. Lon. 31 48 £, lat. 33 35 N.
APPALACHIAN. Sce ALLEGANY.
APPALACHIKOLA, 2 river of N Ame-
rica, formed by the junction of the Cha-
tahouchee and Flint; which rife in the
Appalachian Mountains,. and running
nearly parallel in a foutherly direétion,
ftow united ‘into the gulf: of Mexico.
APPENNINES, a chain of mountains
which divide Italy throughout its whole
length, as far-as the fouthers extremity of
the kingdom of Naples. . Hence proceed
all the rivers which water Italy.
APPENZEL, a town of Swifferland, ca-
pital of the canton of the fame name, which
1s: divided into twelve communities; fix:
called the interior, are Roman catholics ;
the fix exterior, are proteftants. It is 40
miles £ of Zuric. Lon. 9 31 E, lat. 47
23 N.
APrPresy, the county-town of Welt.
morland, witha good: corn: market. on
Monday. It has gone greatly to decay;
being only one broad ftreet of mean houfes.
At the upper part is the caftle; at the
lower end isthe church; and-here is alfo a
townhoufe. The town is almoft encircled
by the river Eden: it fends: two mem-
bers to parliament; and: is 10 miles sz
of Penrith, and 266° nnw: of London,
Lon. 2 34 Wy lat. §4. 34 Ni
APT, an ancient town of France, in the
department of the Mouths of the Rhone
and late province of Provenee. Its com-
merce confifts in prunes, coarfe ferges, and
wax chandlery, for which laft there is a
greatdemand. Thereare many fine Roman
antiquities, and it is feated on the Ca-
Jaron, 20 miles N of Aix, and 25 SE of
Orange. Lon. 5 30 £, lat. 43 51 N.
Aputi, the £ fide of the kingdom
of Naples, on the -guif of Venice. It is
divided into three provinces, whofe mo-
dern names are Capitanata, Bari, and
Otranto.
Apurima, or APORAMIA, 2 rapid
river of S America, in Peru.
Aqua-NEGRA, a town of Italy, in the
Mantuan, on the river Chiefa, 12 miles
w of Mantua. Lon. 10 25 #, lat. 45
12.N.
AQuILa, a town of Naples, capital
of Abruzzo Ulteriore, with a bifhop’s
fee, and a caftle, An earthquake hap-
A.R A
pines here in 1700). by which 2400 per-
ons were killed. It is fected on the
Pofcara, 52 miles Ne of Rome. Lon.
1339 E, lat. 42 20N.
AQUILEIA, a decayed trading town
of Italy, in Venetian Friuli. It has a
patriarch, who refides at Udina. It is
feated near the gulf of Venice, 57 miles
NE of Venice. n. 13 8 E, lat. 4608.
AQUINO, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavora. It is a bithop’s fee, but was
ruined by the emperor Conrade; confitt-
ing only of about 35 houfes. It was
the birthplace of Juvenal, and is 30
miles Nw of Capua. Lon. 13 50 By lat.
41 36 N.
ARABIA, a.country of Afia, bounded
on the w by the Red Sea and the ithmus
of Suez; on the Ne by the Euphrates,
which divides it from Diarbekar, the
ancient Mefopotamia; on the £ by the
gulfs of Perfia and Ormus; and on the
s by the Indian Ocean. It lies, between
35.and 60° E,lon. and 12 and 30° N ‘at.
extending 1430 miles in length and 1200
in breadth. It is. divided into three
parts, Arabia Petrea, Deferta, and Felix.
Arabia Petrea is the fmalleft, of the
three, and, toward the Ny is full of
mountains, with few, inhabitants, on ac-
count of its: barrennefs. It had itssname
from the town Petrea, its ancient capital,
now deftroyed. It differs little from
Arabia; Deferta, fo called from the nature
of the foil, which is generally a barren
fand; but there are great flocks of theep,
and herds “ cattle, near the Euphrates,
where the 1and.is good. In the defert
are great numbers. of oftriches, and there
is a fine breed of camels in feveral places,
Arabia Felix is fo called, on account of
its fertility, with regard to the reft. The
Arabs in the defert live in tents, and
remove from place to place, partly for
the fake of paiture, and partly to lie, in
wait for the caravans, which they. often
rob, as they travel, over part of this
defert from Bulfara to Aleppo, and froth
Egypt to Mecca, in order to vifit Ma-
homet’s tomb. Arabia Felix produces
frankincenfe, — balm of Gilead,
gum arabic, coffee, of which latter
they export prodigious quantities, The
famous Mahomet was a native of this
‘country, and his followers, {oon after
his death, conquered a great part of Afia,
Africa, and Europe, eftablihing their
religion whevever they came. .
RACAN, or RgeCCAN, a country of
Afia, bounded on the N by Rofhaan, on
the g by Burmah, on the s by the coaft
2490 per-
ted on the
me. Lon.
ding town
It has a
ina. It is
by 57 miles
at. 460 N.
sy in Terra
e, but was
de; confitt-
s. It was
and is 30
3 50 EB, lat,
Euphrates,
bekar, the
> BE by the
and on the
es. between
| 30° N late
hand 1200
into three
) and Felix.
left. of the
is. full of
Nts, on ac-
ad its'name
ent capital,
little from
the nature
ly a barren
8 of theep,
Euphrates,
the defert
» and there
eral places.
account of
b reft. The
tents, and
partly for
y to lie, in
they. often
rt of this
and fromm
vilit Ma-
feiead
of Gilead,
hich latter
ies, The
ve of this
{oon after
t of Afi,
hing their
quotry of
ofhaan, on
ly the coaft
ARA ARC
ef Ava, and onthe w bythe gulf of Ben- -Anrse, an epi(copal town of therepub-
gal. It isa fertile, but not populous lic of Venice, in an ifland of ‘the fame
country, governed by 12 princes, fubject name, on the coait of Dalmatia, fremwhieh
to the chief king, whorefides in his capital. it is five miles ai" 1nt.
His palace is very large, and contains, itis - - ARBELA, a towa of Afia, in Curdiftan,
faid, feven idols, caft in gold of two inches where Alexander fought the laft batele
thick, each of a inan's height, and covered with Darius. It is. about 60 miles sz of
with diamonds, rubies, and other precious Moutul. Lon. 42 25 &, lat. 35 5'N.
ftones. ‘They have only two feafons; the ARBERG, a town of Swifferiand, in
rainy feafon, which continues from April the canton of Bern, on an ifland formed
to Oftober, and the fair feafon, which in- by two branches of the Aar. It.is 10
cludes all the reft of the year, and is called miles Nw of Bern. Lon. 7 5 £; lat. 47
the f{ummer. The inhabitants‘are idola- oN.
ters, and the women tolerably fair; but ARBOIS, 2 populous town of France, in
the longeft ears are reckoned the moft the department of Jura and late province
beautiful, and in thefe they wear many of Franche-Comté, famous for its white
rings. There are fuch numbers of ecle- wines. It is 22 miles sw of Befancon.
phants, buffaloes, and tigers, that but few Lon. § 40 £, lat. 46 55 N.
places are inhabited, on account of the ra- | ARBON, an ancient town of Swiffer-
vages made by thefeanimals. The com- land, on the lake of Conftance, in that
modities are timber, lead, tin, and ele- part of Thurgau over which the bifhop:of
phants teeth; and fometimes tic traders Conftance has the ‘jurifdigtion, and the
meet with diamonds, rubies, and other Swifecantons the fovereignty, The ma-
precious ftones. jority of the inhabitants are proteftants.
ARAL, a lake of Afia, 200 miles z of It is 12 miles se of Conftance. | Lon: 9
the Cafpian Sea. It is 300 miles in go £, lat 47 30 N.
length, and in fome places 150 in breadth, ARBROATH. See ABERBROTHWICK.
lying between 58 and 62° of Elon. and MARBURG, or AARBURG, a town lof
between 42 and 47° of N lat. Swifferland, in Argau, feated onthe: Aar,
ARANDE-DE-DOUERO, a town of witha citadel built on a rock, 13 miles
Spain, in Old Caftile, on the Douero, 42 & of Soleure. *
miles £ of Valladolid. Lon. 3 30 w, ARBuRyY, a village, one mile Nw of
lat. 41 40 N. Cambridge. Here are the remains of a
ARararT, a high mountainof Afia, in camp, and many coins have been found.
Armenia, faid to be the fame mentioned ARCADIA, a town of the Morea, neat
in Gen. viii. 4. the gulf of the fame name, and inthe
ARassi, a maritime town of Italy, in vince of Belvedere, 22 miles Nn of Na-
the territory of Genoa, five miles sw varin. Lon. 21 42 £, lat. 37 24N.
et Albenguay. Lon. 7 56 &, lat. 44 ARcEUIL, a village of France, three
aN. miles s of Paris, remarkable foran aque-
Arava, a fortrefs of Upper Hungary, duét, which is thought to equalthe works
en a river of the fame name, 72 miles of the ancient Romans. It was built in
nw of Caffovia. Lon. 20 o£, lat. 49 1624, by Mary de Medicis: its:wates ie
ON. diftributed into various parts of Paris.
Arav, or Aarau, a handfome and ARCHANGEL, a feaport of Ruffia; ca-
flourifhing manufacturing town of Swiffer- pital of the government of the fame name.
land, in Argau, feated on the river Aar, It was the only {caportof Ruffia formany
‘ from which it derivesitsname. Atreaty years, and was firft retorted to by the En-
between the proteitant and catholic can- glifh in 1553. In 1793, a dreadful fre
tons was concluded here in 1712. It is deltroyed great part of the city and fus
27 miles w of Zuric. Lon. 7 50 &, lat. burbs: they are now: rebuilding with
4725 N. neatnefs and even elegance. Archangel
ARaAvUCO, a fortrefs and town of Chili, is feated on the Dwina, four. miles from
in S America, fituate in a fine valley, the White Sea, and 400 NE of Peter
‘on ariver of the famename. The natives burgh. Lon. 390 &, lat. 64 34 N.
drove the Spaniards out of their country, © ARCHIPELAGO,’ a-confiderable part of
though they had no fire-arms. Lon. 73 the Mediterranean Sea, having: Romania
20 W; lat. 37 308. -' on the n, Natolia on the 2, Macedonia,
ARaAxeES, or ARAS, a river of Afia, Jivadia, and the Morea on thew, and
which rifes in Georgia, and running sk che ifle of Candia omthe s.: It ‘is pastly
acro{fs Armenia,’ falls-into the Kur, near-in Europe, and partly in Afia,-contain-
its entrance into the Cafpian Sea, ing the iflands of Rhodes, Negropont,
ARD
Lemnos, Tenedos, Sciros, Metelen, Scio,
Samos, Patmos, Paros, Antiparos, Cerigo,
Santorini, Andros, Tina, Naxia, Milo,
Delos, Argentiera, &c.
ARCHIPELAGO, NorTHERN, four
aed groups of iflands, between
amtichatka and the w ceaft of America.
The: firft, called Safignan, contains five
iflands} the fecond, called Khao, includes
eight iflands; and beth thefe groups to-
gether are ftyled the Alcuthian Iflands.
\ The ‘third group is called the Andrean-
off {ki Oftrova, ang comprifes 16 iflands.
The fourth group is the Liflie Oftrova, or
the Fox Iflands, 16 innumber, See Fox
ISLANDS.
ARCIS-SUR-AUVBE, a town of France,
in the department of Aube and late pro-
vince of: Champagne, feated on the river
Aube, 15 miles N of Troyes. Lon. 4
r2 £, lat. 48 32N.
Arco, a town and cattle in the Tren-
tin, taken by the French in 1703, and
abandoned foon after. It ftands on the
river Sarca, 15 miles sw of Trent. Lon.
2112 £, lat. 46 oN. .
ARCOS, a town of Spain, in Anda-
Jufia, on a craggy rock, at the foot of
which runs the Guadalcto, 23 miles NE
of Cadiz. Lon. § 46 w, lat. 36 52 N.
ARrRCcOT, a city, capital af the Carnatic,
in the peninfulaof Hindooftan. Its cita-
del is efteemed a place of fome ftrength,
for an Indian tortrefs; and the defence
which it made, under capt. Clive, in
- 3751, ¢eftablifhed the military fame of that
officer. It is 73 miles w by s of Madras,
and 217 E by N of Seringapatam. Lon.
79 0 Ey lat. 12 30 N.
ARDEBIL, an ancient town in Perfia,
the refidence and burial-place of many
kings; particularly of Shiek Seffi, the
author of the Perfian fe&. Pilgrims refort
tg this place from all parts of Perfia. It
is 25 miles B of Tauris. Lon. 48 20-8,
lat. 38 15-N.
ARDECHE, a department of France,
‘part of the late province of Dauphiny. It
takes its name from a river.
ARDENBURG, a town of Dutch Flan-
ders, 10 miles Ne of Bruges. Lon. 3
30 E, lat. 51 16 N.
ARDENNES, a department of France,
part of the late province of Champagne,
fo named from 2 famous foreft, lying on
the river Meufe, extending, in Cefar’s
time, far intoGermany. What remains
of it lies between Thionville and Liege.
ARDRAH, a {mall kingdom of Africa,
in Guinea, lying at the bottom of the
gulf of St. Thomas. The ighabitants
ARE
are very cqurageous, and their king was
abfolute, till the king of Dahomy re-
duced the country, and burnt the towns.
The air is very unwholefome to Euro-
pean yet the natives live to a great age;
ut the Gnallpox makes great deftruction
among them. This country is.fertile in
Indiancorn, palm-wine, plants, and fruits,
which laft al the year; and they make a
great deal of falt. It has a town of the
faine name. Lon.3 5 £, lat.60N.
ARDRES, a town of France, in the
department of the Straits of Calais and
late province of Picardy. Here was an in-
terview between Francis 1 of France, and
Henry vair of England, in 1520,’ where
the two kings difplayed. their magnifi-
cence with fuch emulation, that the place
of interview (an open plain, between the
town and Guilnes) was named the Field
of the Cloth of Gold. It is eight miles
8 of Calais. Lon. 1 §9 £, lat. 50
50 N.
AREBO, or AREBON, a town on the
Slave Coaft of Guinea, at the mouth of
the Formofo. The Englith had once. a
factory here, as the Dutch have {till.
Lon. 5 5 £, lat. 6 oN. é
AREKEA, 4 feaport of the Red Sea, 55
miles from Suaquam.
AREMBERG, a town of Weftphalia,
capital of a county of the fame name.
It is feated on a river, 22 miles s of Co-
logne. Lon, 7 38, lat. 50 22 N.
ARENSBURG, a town of Welftphalia,
on a hill, in the county of the fame
namie, by the river Roer, 50 miles NE ot
Cologne. Lon. $ 20 £, lat. 51 25 N.
ARENSBURG, an epilcopal fee and f{ea-
port of the Ruffian government of Riga,
in the ifle of Oelel. Lon. 25 40 8, lat.
53 35 N. 5
ARENSHARD, a tract in the duchy of
Slefwick, containing the greateft part of
the famous rampart, built by the Danifh '
king Gotric, in the beginning of the gth
century, as a defence again({t. the irrup-
tions of the Saxons. It extends acrols
the country, about nine miles in length.
ARENSWALDE, a town of the new
marche of Brandenburg, on the lake
Slauin. Lon.15 52 £, lat. 5313 N.
AREQUIPA, an epifcopal town of S
America in Peru, feated on a river, ina
fertile country, 290 miles s by £ of Lima.
Nearit isa volcano. Lon. 75 30 W, lat.
16 40 S.
AREZZO, an ancient epifcopal town of
Tufcany. Guy Aretin, a Benediétine
monk, inventor of the mufical notes, .ut,
ze, mi, &c, was born here. It is feated
ir king was
Jahomy re-
t the towns.
1¢ to Euro-
a great age;
eftruction
is fertile in
»and fruits,
hey make a
town of the
6 0N.
nce, in the
Calais and
€ was an in-
France, and
520, where
ir magnifi-
at the place
Detween the
'd the Field
eight miles
EB, lat. 50
own on the
e mouth of
had once. a
have {till.
ted Sea, 55
Veftphalia,
me name.
3 S of Co-
Be 5s
eftphalia,
the fame
iles NE of
L 25 Ne,
e and {ea-
of Riga,
40 E, lat.
duchy of
eft part of
e Banith
bf the oth
€ irrup-
ds acrofs
ength.
the new
the lake
3.N.
of S
ver, ina
pf Lima.
. W> lat.
town of
\ edidtine
Dtes, ut,
is feated
ARG
nx 2 mountain, 15 miles w of Citta-di-
Caftello, Lon. 12 of, lat. 43 27.
ARGAU, or AARGAU, 2 finall, well-
watered province of Swifferland, in the
canton of Bern.
ARGENCES, a town of France, on the
river Meauce, in the department of Cal-
vados and late province of Normandy, 10
miles BE ef Caen. Lon, o'% Wy lat. 49
12 WN.
ARGENTAN, 2 town of Francé, in the
department of Orne and late province of
Normandy. It is feated on aneminence,
in the middle of a fertile plain, on the
banks of the Orne, and carries on a con-
fiderable trade in lace. It is r2 miles nw
of Seez, and 110 w of Paris. Lon. o 5
g, lat. 48 45 .N.
ARGENTEUIL, a town of the Ifle of
France, on the Seine, five miles Nw of
Paris. Itis a very beautiful place, with
a fine vineyard; and in the environs are
quarries of the platter of Paris. Lon.2
22 8, lat. 48 52N. °
ARGENTIERA, a barren ifland of the
Archipelago, fo called from the filver
mines init. There is but one village in
the ifland, and it his no water but what
iskeptincitterns. Lon.23 10 £, lat. 36
SON.
ARGENTIERE, a town of France, in
the department of Ardeche and late pro-
vince of Provence, five miles sw of Au-
benas, ‘and 17 w of Viviers. Lon. 4 22
K, lat. 44 30 N.
ARGENTON, a town of France, inthe
department of Indre and late province of
Berry, divided into two parts by the river
Creule. It is 37 miles sw of Bourges.
Lon. 1 38 £, lat. 46 35N.
ARGOS, a feaport of Turkey in Fu-
rope,inthe Morea, 25 miles s of Corinth.
Lon. 23 § £, lat. 37 30N.
ARGOSTOL, a feaport of the ifle of
Cefalonia, oppofite Albania. It is the
beft harbour in all the ifland, and the pro-
veditor refides in the fortrefg, which is
fiye miles diftant. ;
ARGUIN, an ifland and fort of Africa,
en the coaft of Zahara. It was taken by
the Dutch from the Portuguese in 1638:
afterward the French ‘ook
Dutch. Itis 30 miles se of Cape Blanco.
Lon. 17 § W, lat. 20 30N.
' ARGU, ariverof Afia, which divides
the Ruifian from the Chinefe empire.
ARGUN, a town of Tartary, on the
frontiers of the Chinefe empire. There
are mines of filver and lead near it; and
a pearl fifhery in the river Argun. Lon.
toy 56 Ey lat. 42 30 N. -
ARGYLESHIRE, 2 county of Scotland,
6
it from the
ARL
bounded'on the N by Invernefsthire, om
the BE by the counties of Perth and Dum.
barton, on the s and w by the Atlantic
Ocean, by which it is broken into ilands
and penintulas. [t is nearly 100 miles
Jong from the mull of Cantyre to its nx
extremity: its breadth is unequal; about
30 miles where greateft, and in fome
parts only One or two. ‘T’o the Nw is
a peniniula, detached from the reft of the
country: it contains the diftricts of Ard-
hamurchan, Morven, Sunart, and Ardro-
war. The peninfulas of Cantyre arid
Cowal are likewile very large. ‘The foil
of Argylefhire, in the high grounds,
though little fitted for cultivation, affords
excellent pafture.
ARHUSEN, a feaport of Denmark, in
N Jutland, with a bifhop’s fee. It is
feated on the Baltic Sea, at the mouth of
the Guda, and furrounded by foretts fulf
of game. It is 25 miles s of Wiburg.
Lon. 9 so £, lat. 56 5 N.
ARIANO, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Ulteriore, with a bishop's fee; 15
miles i of Benevento, and 10 NW of
Trevico. Lon.15 19 ky lat. 43 8 6.
ARIANO, a town of Italy, in the Fer-
rarefe, ona branch of the river Po, 22
miles Nz of Ferrara. Lon. 12 8 8, lat.
45 ON.
ARICA, 2 feaport of Peru, 550 miles
SE of'Lima. Here the treafure brought
from Potofi is thipped; and there are.
many farms employed in the cultivation
of Guinea ‘pepper, in which it has a great
trade to Lima. Lon. 71 6 wy, lat. 18
27S.
Arrpo, 2 town on the w coat of
Ceylon, at the: mouth of the river Sas
runda; and to the £ of it is a peasl
fifhery. Lon. 80258, lat. 8 42H. ,
ARKLOW, a feaport of Ireland, in the
county of Wicklow, 13 miles s of Wick-
low. Lon. 6 5 w, lat. 52 42.
ARLES, an ancient city of France, i
the department of the Mouths of the
Rhone and ijate province of Provence.
It was lately an archiepifcopal fee." The
country around is very pleaiant, and pro-
duces good wine, vermilion, manna, oil,
and fruits. There are a great number of
antiquities, of which the atmphitheatre
and obelifk are the moft remarkable; and
the emperor Coniftantine took great de-
light in it. It is feated on the Rhone,
12 miles se of Nifmes. Lon. 4 43 £,
lat. 4.3 41 N. he
ARLESHEM, a town of Swifferland,
in the bifhopric of Bafle, where the'canons
of that city refide. '
ARLON, an ancient town of the Auf-
4
ARN
trian Netherlands, now difmantled. It
.is feated on a mountain, 10 miles NW
of Luxemburg. Lon. 5 56 8, lat. 49
45N.
ARMAGH, 3 county of Ireland, 32
miles in length, and 17 in breadth; bound-
ed on the £ by Down, on the w by
Tyrone and Monaghan, on the Nn by
Lough Neagh, and on the s by Louth.
It contains 49 parifhes, and fends fix
members to parliament.
ARMAGH, 2a city of Ireland, once a
confiderable town, now a fmall place;
_ but it gives name to a county, and is the
fee of an archbifhop, who is primate of
all Ireland. It is 45 miles se of Lon-
donderry. Lon. 6 34 w, lat. 5427 N.
ARMAGNAC, alate province of Guienne,
in France, §5 miles in length, and 40 in
bread.n. It is fertile in corn and wine,
and carries on a confiderable trade in
brandy and wool, This province, with
Gafcony, now forms the department of
Gers.
ARMENIA, a large country, bounded
on the w by the Euphrates, on tie s by
Diaibeker and Curdiftan, on the gE by
. Schirvan, and on the N by Georgia, It
‘is one of the fineft countries in Afia, be-
ing watered by feveral largerivers. Part
of it belongs to the Perfians, and part to
the Turks. The inhabitants are much
attached to commerce, and undertake
long journies to carry it on. They are
Chriftians, and have a patriarch and an
archbifhop. Polygamy is not allowed in
“his country; but the inhabitants are
More numerous than in any other province
of the ‘Turkith empire.
ARMENTIERS, a town of France, in
, the department of the North and late
French Flanders, feated on the Lis, eight
miles Nw of Lifle. Lon. 3 3 £, lat. 50
_ GON,
ARMIERS, a town of France, in the
department of the North and late French
Hainault, feated on the Sambre, 20 miles
sof Mons. Lon. 4 38, lat. 50 7N.
ARMIRO, a town of Macedonia, on
the gulf of Velo, 30 miles se of Larifla.
Lon. 23 22 £, lat. 39 30N.
ARMUYDEN, a feaport of the United
Provinces, inthe ifland of Walcheren, now
inconfiderable, the fea having ftopt up the
‘harbour. The {alt-works are its chief
refource. It ig three miles z of Middle-
burg. Lon. 3 428, lat. 51 31 Ne
RNA, a feaport of Andros, an ifland
of the Archipelago.
ARNAY-LE-DUC. 4 town of. France,
in the department of Céte d'Or and late
_ province of Burgundy. It is feated in
ARR
avalley, near the river Arroux, 25 miles
nw of Baune. Lon. 4 268, lat. 47 7N.
ARNEBERG, a town of Germany, in
Brandenburg, on the Elbe, three miles
from Werben.
ARNEDO, a feaport of Peru, 25 miles
N of Callao,
ARNHEIM, a ‘town of the United
Provinces, capital of Guelderland, f{eated
on the Khine, eight miles N of Nimeguen.
Lon. § 50 £, lat. 52 2N.
ARNO, ariver in Tufcany, which rifles
in the Appennings, and paffing by Florence
and Pila, falls into the Mediterranean a
little below the latter.
ARNSHEIM, a town of Germany, in
the palatinate of the Rhine, eight miles
from Kreuzenach.
ARNSTADT, a town of Thuringia, on
the river Gera, 10 miles sw of Erfurt.
Lon. 11 158, lat. 50 54. N-
ARONA, a town of the duchy of
Milan, with a ruined caftle, on the lake
Maggiore, 30 miles Nw of Milan. Lon,
835 £, lat. 45 40 N. ;
ARONCHES, a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, on the river Caro, five miles se
of Portalegra. Lon. 7 0 w, lat. 39 3N.
AROOL, a town of the Ruffian em-
pire, in the government of Kiof, feated on
the Occa, 200 miles s of Mofcow. Lon,
36 40 Ey lat. 51 58 N.
ARPENAS, a cataraét of th: river
Arve, near Salenche, ‘in Savoy. Its fall
is faid to be above 1,100 feet. rubhing,
with great noife and violence, from a
prodigious impending rock.
ARPINO, a town of Naples, in Terra-
di-Lavora, eight iniles N of Aquino.
Lon. 13 46 £, lat. 41 44.N.
ARQUa, a town of Italy, in the Pa-
duan, remarkable for the tomb of Pe-
trarch. It is 10 miles s of Padua. Lon.
11 58 £, lat. 45 13 N.
ARQUES, a town of France, on s
river of the fame name, in the depart-
ment of the Lower Seine and late pro-
vince of Normandy. It is famous tor the
victory gained here by Henry Iv, over
the duke of Mayenne, general of the
eat, in 1589. It has an ancient
caftle, and is four miles sz -of Dieppe.
Lon. 1-13 £, lat. 49 53 N.°
ARRACON,a province of Spain, bound-
ed on the N by the Pyrenees, on. the w
by Navarre and -the Two: Caftiles, on
the s by Valencia, and on the gz by Va-
lencia. and Catalonia. The air, is pure
and wholefome ; but the country, thoygh
abounding in rivers, is in want of good
water. fe is fertile in corn, wine, flax,
and fruit, near the rivers; but,.ia other
D
E
b
it
Ss
fe ohd
25 miles
477 Ne
many, in
ree. miles
| 25 miles
e United
nd, feated
vimeguen.
vhich rifles
y Florence
rranzan a
rmany, in
ght miles
ringia, on
of Erfurt.
duchy of
n the lake
lan. Lon,
rtugal, in
e miles SE
it. 39 ZN.
ifian em-
» feated on
ow. Lon.
th: river
Its fall
. rufhing,
» from a
in Terra-
Aquino.
n the Pa-
b of Pe-
a. Lon.
ce, on #
depart-
late pre-
s tor the
IV over
1 of the
ancient
Dieppe.
» bound-
bn the w
iles, on
p by Va-
is pure
» thoygh
of . good
ney flax,
ia other
ARU
ty dry and fandy. It produces faf-
von, and there are many mines of falt.
Saragoila is the capital.
ARRAN, an ifland of Scotland, in the
frith of Clyde, to the sw of the ifle
of Bute, 23 miles long and 12 broad.
Ridges of rugged mountains extend acrofs
the ifland, but their fides are tertile.
It abounds with cattle, goats, black
game, and aged and the flreams are
ftored with fith, efpec.ally falmon. ‘Ihe
climate is fevere but healthful; and in-
valids annually refort hither to. drink the
whey of goats milk. Among the rocks
are found iron ore, fpar, and a gicat
variety of beautiful pebbles, On ihe
coaft are many wonderful caverns, which
often afford thelter to fmugglers. They
were once the retreats of ancient heroes.
Tradition preferves the memory of Fiza];
and Robert Bruce took refuge in this
ifland, during the time of his greateft
diftrets.
ARRAS, an ancient fortified town of
France, in the department of the Straits
of Calais and late province of Artois,
It was lately an epifcopal fee, and is di-
vided into two towns, one named the
city, which is the moft ancient; and the
other the fozuz, which is modern, and
feated on the river Scarp, 12 miles sw
of Douay, and 22 nw of Cambray,
Lon, 2 51 B, Jat. so17 Ne
ARRIEGE, a department of France,
containing the late provinces of Couferans
and Foix. It is fo named trom a river,
which rifes ir the Pyrenees, and pafling
by Foix and ramiers, falls into the Ga-
roune, near Touloufe. Gold duft is found
among its fands.
ARROE, a fimall ifland of Denmark, in
the Baltic, between the iflands of Funen
and Alien. Lon. 10 20 £, lat. §5 10 N.
ARROJO-DE-ST.-SERVAN, a town of
Spain, in Eftramadura, eight miles s of
Merida, and 25 £ of Badajoz. Lon. 6
20 W, lat. 38 36 N.
ARTA, an ancient feaport of Turke
in Europe, in Albania, with a Greek
archbifhop’s fee. It carries on a con-
fiderable trade, and is feated on the river
Afdhas, 70 miles NNW of Lepanto. Lon.
21 20 Ey lat. 39 28 N.
ARTOIS, a late province of the French
Netherlands ;; bounded on the N and
E by Flanders, and by Hainault, Cam-
brefis, and Picardy on the s and w. It
is now included in the department of the
Straits of Calais.
_ARuBa, an ifland near Terra Firma,
in S America, fubjeét to the Dutch.
Lon, 67 35 W, lat. 12 30 N,
Asc **
Arve, a rapid river of Savoy, which
rifes in Faucigny, and watering Salen-
che, Cluie, and Bonneville, joins the
Rhone below Geneva. {: has many ca
taraéts. See ARPENAS.
ARUN, a river of Suflex, that falls
into the Englith Channel, below Arundel.
It is famous tor mullets.
ARUNDEL, a borough in Suffex, with
a market on Wednefday and Saturday.
It is feated on the fide of a hill, on the
Arun, which is here navigable for barges
only. ‘The caftle, the ancient feat of the
dukes of Norfolk, ftands on the hill, and
is {aid to be a mile in compafs. The
poffeilion of this caftle confcvs an earldom
on its proprietor; and, by this right, the
duke of Norfolk is earl of Arundel. It
is governed by a mayor, fends two mem-
bers to parliament, and is eight miles &
of Chichetter, and 68 ssw of London.
Lon. 0 29 W, lat. 50 55 N.
ARWANGEN, a caftle and village of
Swifferland, in the canton of Bern,
feated between Wangen and Arburg,
on the river Aar, over which it has a
covered bridge.
ARZILLA, an ancient feaport of
Africa, in the kingdom of Fez, once in
pofleffion of the Portuguefe, who aban-
doned it. It is 50 miles ssw of ‘Tan-
gier. Lon. 6 3 w, lat. 35 30 N.
ARzINA, a river of Ruffian Lap-
land, into a bay of which, in 1553,
two Englith thips (which had penetrated
as high as the 72° N lat. to Spitzbergen)
were forced by ftrefs of weather; and
their crews were frozen to death.
ASAPH, St. a city of Flintthire, on
the river Elway, where it unites with
the Clwyd; and over each is a bridge.
It is a poor place, of note only for its
cathedral, but has a market on Saturday.
It is 24 miles w of Chefter, and 209 Nw
of London. Lon. 3 36 w, lat. 53 12 Ne
ASCENSION, a barren, uninhabited
ifland, in the S Atlantic Ocean, 600 miles
Nw of St. Helena. It has a fafe har-
bour, at which the E India thips often
touch, to procure turtles, which are here
plentiful and large. Lon. 14. 28 w, lat.
7 40 S.
ASCHAFFENBURG, a town of Ger~
many, fubject to the eleftor of Mentz,
who has a palace here, in which George 1%
took up his quarteis the night before the
battle of Dettingen, in 1743. It was
taken by thy French in July 1796. It
is 40 miles & cf Mentz.
lat. 50 40 N,
ASCOLI, a populous town of Italy, in
the marquifate of anaes with =
Lon. 9 5 Es
~ ASI
bifhop’s fee. It is feated on 2 mountain,
at the foot of which runs the Fronto, 80
miles NE of Rome. Lon. 13 29 £, lat.
42 44.N.
ASCOLI-DI-SATRIANO, an epifcopal
city of Naples, in Capitanata, feated on
a mountain 70 miles E of Naples. Lon.
15 SOE, lat. 41 8 N.
ASEER, or ASEERGUR, a fortrefs of
Candeifh, in the Deccan of Hindooftan,
20 miles NE of Burhanpour. Lon. 760
E, lat. 21 35 N-
ASHBORN, a town in Derbyhhire, with
a market on Saturday, feated between
thé rivers Dove and Compton, ro miles
we of Utoxeter, and 139 NNW of Lon-
don. Lon. 1 44 w, lat. 53 3 N.
AsSEBURTON, a borough in Devon-
fhire, with a market on Tuelday for
wool and yarn, and on Saturday tor pro-
vifions. It fends two members to par-
liament, is one of the four ftannary
towns, and has a very handfome church.
It is feated among the hills (which are
remarkable for tin and copper) near the
river Dart, 19 miles sw of Exeter, and
193 W by s of London. Lon. 3 50 w,
lat. $0 30 N.
ASHBY DE LA ZOUCH, a town in
Leicefterfhire, with a market on Satur-
day. It had a caftle with a very high
tower, fome ruins of which are ftanding,
and it has a free-fchool. A canal from
this town is now making, which is to
communicate with the Coventry Canal.
Afhby is 13 miles s of Derby, and r1r5
nNw of London, Len. 3 50 wy lat. 50
30 N.
ASHDEN, a village in Effex, three
miles NE of Saffron Walden. Here are
feveral pyramidical rifing grounds, faid
to have been made in memory of a-battle
fought between Canute and Edmund
Troniide.
ASHFORD, a town in Kent, with a
market on Saturday, and a large church,
that was formerly collegiate. 1t is feated
en the river Ath or Eth, 24 miles sz of
Maiattone and, 57 of London. Lon. o
§2 £, lat. 51 4N. .
AASH PON-UNDER-LINS, a confiderabl
village in Lancafhire, feven miles & of
Manchefter. Tt has a. manufagture of
cotton, and an iron foundry.
ASHWELL, a village in Hertfordhhire,
formerly a borough, and governed by a
mayor. Near the church are the remains
of a Roman campy, which confilts of 12
acres of land, ivclofed by a deep ditch,
and formerly a vampait. It is four miles
w of Baldock, ._
_ ASIA, ong of the four great parts of.
ASO
the world, fituate between 25 and 180%
E lon. and between the equator and
So° N lat. It extends 4,740 miles from
the Dardanelles on the w, to the £ fhore
of Tartary; and 4,380 miles from the
moft fouthern part of Malacca, to the
moft northern cape of Nova Zembla;
being fuperior in extent, as well as in
many other refpects, to Africa and Europe.
It is bounded on- the nN by the Frozen.
Ocean; on the w by the Red Sea, the
Mediterranean, the Black Sea, the Don,
and the Oby; on the z by the Pacific
Ocean; and on the s by the Indian
Ocean- The principal countries in this
continent, are Siberia, Tartary, China,
Thibet, Hindooftan, Siam, Burmah,
Perfia, Arabia, Syria, Paleftine, Natolia,
Diarbeckar, Irac, Armenia, Georgia,
Curdiftan, &c. The various particulars
of govermnent,. religion, foil, climate,
and produétions, may be found under
the names of the refpective countries.
It is here fufficient to obferve,: that this
quarter of the globe has been the fcene
of the moft important tranfactions refpect-
ing the human race, as recorded in the
holy {criptures; as the creation of man,
the eftablifhment of the Hebrew nation
and se ce the promulgation of Chrifti-
anity, &c.
ASINARA, an ifland in the Mediterra~
nean, on the Nw coaft of Sardinia, 17
miles n by w. of Saffari. It is 28 miles in
compafs. Lon. 8 30 £, lat. 41 0 N.
ASKEYTON, a borough of Ireland, in
the county of T.imerick, on the river
Shannon, 20 miles wsw of Limerick.
ASKRIG, a town in.the N riding of:
Yorkthire, with a market on Thurfday,
fix miles s by £ of York, and 243 N of
London. Lon. 1 0 w, lat. §3 55 Ne
ASNE. See EsNne.
AsoLa, a town of Italy, in Brefciano,
20 miles sE of Brefcia. Lon. ro 30 Ey’
lat. 4.5 48 N.
ASOLO, a town of Italy, in Trevifano,
on a mountain 17 miles Nw of Trevifo.
Lon. 11 36 E, lat. 45 59 N.
Asopu, a fea, anciently the Palus
Meotis, lying N of the Black Sea, with
which it communicates by the ftrait of
Caffa, the ancient Cimmerian Bofphorus.
- This feay which is fometimes called the
fea of Zabak, extends 390 miles from
sw to NE. It was worfhipped as a deity:
by the Maffagetz, a people of Scythia.
Lon. from 35 to 42° £, lat. from 45 to
47° .N.
Asopu, a diftriét of the Ruffian
empire, in the province-of Catharinenflaf,
including a large traét of territory tc the.
and 180°?
lator and
niles from
le E fhore
from the
a, to the
Zembla 3
yell as in
id Europe.
1¢ Frozen.
Sea, the
the Don,
i¢ Pacific
e Indian
es in this
y, China,
Burmah,
, Natolia,
Georgia,
articulars.
climate,
nd under
countries.
that this
the fcene
s refpect.
d in the
of man,
v nation
- Chrifti-
editerra~
inia, 17
miles in
ON.
pland, in
he river:
rick,
ding of
urfday,
3 N of
5 N.
efciano,
© 30 E;"
vifano,
revifo.
Palus
hy with
rait’ of
phorus.
led the
5 from
a deity:
ythia.
45 to
uffian
C nflaf,
to the,
Spl IY SE aoa ee Se EE
, : EERE PRE BRIT Ea I ge BO ES eo OY
- ia Poreny et ae a ae ees na ao en waeat tm ee ceeiaihe
ag SRS SSS Se MRS SARE ae oo 2 2 ae es Wann SN
Tropic.
--0c7
(7g
be
>
) ew Ireland.
FROM THE BEST
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ASSA
the river
e Here ai
; Lon. 41
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;
:
© magi een a ND OM RUIN eta sae ST
ASS AST
sand wof Afoph. It was ceded bythe compofed of three churches, one dbové
‘Turks in 1774, and fince that period, another. -It is 70 miles N of Rome.
feveral new towns have been built by the Lon. rz 38 R, lat. 43 oN. ;
victorious Catharine ; one of which, Ca- —_ Assos, a feaport of Natolia, on a bay
tharinenflaf, is now the capital. of the Archipelago, 12 miles sz of Troas.
Asopuy,. the late capital of a diftrict Lon. 26 36 &, lat. 39 32N.
of the ‘ame name, in Afia, feated near ASSUMPTION, an epifcopal city, the
the mouth of the Don, to the £ of the capital of Faraguay, in S America. It is
fea of Afoph. It has been feveral times populous, and ftands in a fertile country,
taken and retaken by the ‘'urks and on the river Paraguay. Lon. 57 40 Ws
Rutiians. It is no longer of the im- lat. 260s.
portance it was in the reign of Peter the ASsYNT, a diftri& in the w part of
Great; the branch of the Don, upon Sutherlandfhire, which exhibits an affem-
which it ftands, being now fo choked blage of thattered mountains, heaped, as
with fand, as fcarcely to admit the it were, upon each other; and feemingly
imallett veffel. Lon. 41 30 £, lat. 47 convulied in a tremendous manner. To-
18 N. ward the rugged peninfula of Affynt Point,
ASPEROSA, a town of Turkey in Eu- are feveral vait conic hills, the highett of
rope, with a bifhop’s fee, on the coait of which is dittinguithed by the name of the
the Archipelago, 22 miles sE of Nicopoli, Sugar Loaf,
Lon. 24 50 £, lat. 40 58 N. : ASSYRIA, 2a country celebrated in ans
ASSAM, a country of Afia, bounded cient hiitory. It comprehended the pro-
on the w by Bengal and Bootan, on the vinces in Afia now called Diarbeck, Cur
N by Thibet, and on the sz ands by diltan, and Irac.
Meckley. The river Burrampooter flows . ASTABAT, a town of Armenia, three
through the whole length of it. Its ca- miles trom the river Aras, and 12 s of
pital is Ghergon. ‘The open parts are Nakfivan. Lon. 45 30£, lat. 38 28N.
marked with population and tillage; the | ASTI, an ancient epifcopal town of
woods abound withelephants. Themoun- Italy, in Montferrat. It was taken by
tains are inhabited by a tribe called the French in 1745; but the king of Sar-
Nanacs, an evil-difpofed race, who go dinia retook it in 1746. It is: feated on
naked, and eat dogs, cats, mice, locufts, the Tanaro, 22 miles z of Turin. Lon.
and any thing they can find. The other 8 8 £, lat. 43 3N.
inhabitants of Affam are bafe and un- ASTORGA, anepifcopal town of Spain,
principled, have no fixed religion, nor in Leon, well fortified by art and nature,
any rule but their inclination. They feated in a pleaiant plain, 25 miles sw
eat all flefh except human, and even of Leon. Lon. 5 32 w, lat. 42 22N.
animals that die a natural death. They ASTRABAD, a town of Perfia, capi~
are enterprifing, favage, vindictive, and tal of a province of the fame name, on
fond of war. They have neither horfes, the Cafpian Sea, 200 miles N of Ifpahan.
affes, nor camels; but they are fometimes. Lon. 55 358, lat. 36 50 N.
brought there from other countries. Afl)es | ASTRACAN, an epifcopal city of the
they are fond of, but are fo much afraid Ruflian empire, capital of a province of
of a horfe, that one trooper would put the fame name. Itis large and populous,
a hundred of them to flight. Aflam has a good harbour, and is furrounded
lies between g1 and 96° £ lon. and 25 by ftrong walls. It feldom rains here:
and 28° w lat. but the river Volga, on which it ftands,
ASSANCALE, a town of Armenia, on overflows like the Nile; and when the
the river Aresy 22 miles £ of Erzerum, water is run off, the grafs grows in lefs
Here are hot baths much trequented. than a month. From Attracan to Terki,
Lon. 41 rok, lat. 39 46N. on the fide of the Cafpian Sea, are long
ASSANCHIF, a town of Afia, in Diar- marfhes, which produce a vaft quantity
beck, feated on the Tigris, go miles sr of fait, with which the Ruffians carry on
of Diarbekar, Lon. 40 208, lat. 37 30 N. @ great trade. ‘This city is ‘uppofed to
ASSENS, a feaport of Denmark, inthe have been, in early times, the general
iland of Funen. Itis thecommon paflage ftaple for the productions of Perfia, India,
trom the duchy of Sletwick to Cine. and Arabia. Jt is feated on an ifland
hagen, and is 17 miles sw of Odeniee. formed by theriver, 50 miles Nw of the
Lon. ro 28, lat. 55 r7 N. Catpian Sea. Lon. 47 40 £, lat. 46 22N.
Assisi0, a city of Italy, in theduchy ASTURIAS, a province of Spain, 120
of Spoleto, on the fide of a high moun- miles inlength, and 45 in breadth ; bound.
tain, The cathedral is magnificent, and ed on the & by mee: on the § by Old
Da
ATH
Caftile and Leon, on the w by Galicia,
and on the nN by the Atlantic. It is di-
vided into two parts, Afturia d’Oviedo,
and Afturiade Santillana. This province
is full of mountains and forefts, and its
wine and horfes are excellent. It has
mines of gold, lapis lazuli, and vermillion,
and belongs to the eldeft fon of the king
of Spain, who is ftyled prince of Afturias.
ATACAMA, a harbour of S America,
in Peru. There is a great defert of the
fame name. Lon. 70 ow, lat.22 os.
ATALAUA, a town of Portugal, in
Eftramadura, onan eminence, witha fort,
five miles sof Tomar. Lon.7 56 w, lat.
39 25N.
ATENA, a town of Naples, in Princi-
pato Citeriore, near the river Negro, 22
miles N of Policaftro. Lon. 15 58 £, lat.
40 36N.
ATH, a town in Autftrian Hainault.
it has been often taken and retaken, and
is feated on the Dender, 12 miles Nw of
Mons. Lon. 3 448, lat. 50 35 N.
ATHELNEY, an ifland of Somerfet-
fhire, at the confluence of the Thone and
Parret, memorable for having atforded
fhelter to king Alfred. Here he collected
fome of his retainers; on which account,
he called it /Ethelingay, or the Ifle of
Nobles; and hence he made frequent and
" amexpectted fallies upon the Danes.
ATHENS, now called SETINES, a once
celebrated city, the capital of ancient At-
tica, but now of Livadia, in European Tur-
key. After many revolutions, the Turks
finally wreited it from the Venetians ; and
-it has now not more than 10,000 inhabit-
ants, of whom three fourths are Chriftians of
the Greek church; the remainder Turks.
{t is the fee of an archbifhop; and is de-
fended by a citadel on the fummit of a
lofty rock. There are many magnificent
mins, which teftify its former grandeur.
{t is fituate on the gulf of Engia, 100
miles NE of Lacedemon, and 320 s by w
of Conftantinople. Lon. 23 57 £, lat.
38 5N.
ATHERSTON, atown in Warwickhhire,
with a market on Tuefday; feated on the
Anker, 10 miles N of Coventry, and 104
Nw of London. Lon. 1 30 w, lat. 52
40 N. cw
ATHLONE, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Weft Meath, feated on the
Shannon, 60 miles w of Dublin. Lon.
7 41 Wy, lat. 53 22N.
ATHotL; a diftri&t of Perthfhire; a
wild and mountainous country, contain-
. ing fome fine lakes.
ATHOS, or MONTE-SANTO, a hee
. mountain of Macedonia, in a peninfulas
AVA
to the s of the gulf of Conteffa. It ia
inhabited by a great number of Greek
‘monks, who have many fortified mona{-
tries upon it. Here they cultivate olives
and vines; and are carpenters, mafons,
&c. leading an auftere life, and living to
agreatage. Itis 7omiles £ of Salonichi.
Lon. 26 20 £, lat. 40 30 N.
ATHY, a town of Ireland, in the county
of Kildare, feated on the river Barrow,
12 miles s of Kildare. Lon. 6 37 w,
lat. 52 58 N.
ATLANTIC, or ATLANTIC OCEAN,
takes its name from mount Atlas in Af-
rica, and lies between the w continents of
Africa and Europe, and the £ continent
of America. Its leaft breadth, . from
Guinea in Africa to Brafil in S America,
is 2300 miles. On one fide of the equa-
tor, it is called the N Atlantic Odean;
and on the other, the S Atlantic Ocean.
ATLAS, achain of high mountains in
Africa, feparating Barbary from Biledul-
gerid. ‘They are inhabited almoft in
every place, except where the extreme cold
will not permit.
ATOOI, one of the Sandwich Hlands,
difcovered by captain Cook, in 1778. It
is ten leagues in length, and does not re-
femble, in its general appearance, any of
the iflands difcovered within the tropic of
Capricorn. Though it prefents not to
the view the delighttul borders of Otaheitey
or the luxuriant plains of Tongataboo ;
yet its poffefling a great portion of gently
rifing land, renders it, in fome degree,
fuperior to thofe iflands, as being more
capable of improvement. Thenatives are
cannibals: at leaft, captain Cook thought
that he had fuffizient proof of their eating
the flefh of their enemies.
ATRI, an epifcopal town of Naples,
in Abruzzo Uteriore, on a craggy moun-
tain, four miles trom the gulf ot Venice,
and 10 SE of Teramo. Lon. 13 48 £,
lat. 45 35 N.
ATTLEBURY, a town in Norfolk,
with a market on Tuefday, 14 miles NE
of Thetford and 93 of London. Lon. x
5 £, lat. 52 35N.
ATTOCK, a city and fortrefs of Hin-
dosftan Proper, on the gz bank of the
Indus; fuppofed to ftand on the fite of the
Taxila ot Alexander, where he crofled
that river. It is 180 miles NW of La-
hore: Lon. 70 36 £, lat. 32 27 N.
ATTOCK, ariver, which rifes in the
Tartarian Mountains, N of Hindooftan;
and paffing by Cabul, flows into the Indus,
above Attock:
Ava, a large river, which rifes in
Thibet, and crofling the kingdoms o
Tom
rica,
qua-
ean 5
n.
1s in
2dul-
t in
- cold
ands
It
ot re-
ny of
Dic OF
ot to
heitey
aboo 3
rently
gree,
more
es are
ught
pating
aples,
oun-~
enice,
48 Ey
brfolk,
es NE
on. £
Hin-
of the
of the
rofled
bf La-
in the
oftan,
Indus,
hfes 3
ms 0
AUB
Bugmah and Pegu, falls into the bay of
Bengal, by feveral mouths.
Ava, a large city in Afia, capital of
the kingdom _of Burmah, and feated on
the river Ava. The ftreets are very
itraight, and the houfes are built with
teek planks and bamboos. The royal
alace is a mean ftruéture; although very
large and built with ftone. The inha-
bitants are well-fhaped, have good fea-
tures, and.an olive complexion; but the
women, who are {mall, are whiter than
the men. Ava is 1150 miles NE of Cal-
cutta. Lon. 96 308, lat. 21 oN.
Ava, a long traét of coaft in Afia,
on the E fide of the gulf of Bengal, ex-
tending from the s extremity of Aracan
to Cape Negraias, and divided from Pegu
on the & by the river Ava. The kingdom
of Burmah has been erroneoufly called
Ava, from its capital fo named.
AVALON, an ancient town of France,
in the department of Yonne and late pro-
vince of Burgundy. It carries on a great
trade, and is furrounded by hills, covered
by fine vineyards. It is 20 miles sz of
Auxerre: Lon. 3 52 £, lat. 47 30 N.
-- AuBE, a department of France, con-
taining part of the late province of Cham-
pagne. It takes. its name. from a river,
which, pafling by Bar-fur-Aube and
Arcis, falls into the Seine, near Nogent.
_AUBENAS, a town of France, in the
department of Ardeche and late province
of Dauphiny. It has a manufaéture of
cloths of Spanifh wool, and of red cotton,
in imitation of Indian handkerchiefs.
Befide corn and wine, its diftriét protioes
truffles, oranges, figs, olives, cheftnuts,
and walnuts. The filkworm and mul
berry-tree fucceed well here. They wind
the filk by a machine, confifting of three
wheels, turned by a canal from the Ar-
deche: thefe wheels move 36 looms, each
containing fix double rows of fpindles in
the length of 15 feet. Aubenas is feated on
the Ardeche, at the foot of the Cevennes,
near the mineral waters of Valtz, and 15
miles Nw of Viviers. Lon. 4 30 £, lat.
4440 N.
AUBIGNY, a town of France, in the
department of Cher and late province of
Berry. It has a caftle, and is feated in a
fine plain, on the river Nerre. In 1442,
Charles vi granted the eftate of Aubigny
to John Stuart, conftable of Scotland, in
recompence for his fervices, to hold to him
and his heirs male, in dire&t line, with re-
mainder to the crown, on failure of fuch
iffue. The reverfionary’ clause taking
effect in the 16th century, Lewis xiv
made this eltate a duchy, with a peerage
AVE
annexed tc it, and granted it to Charles’
Lenox, duke of Richmond, natural {on of
Charles II, from whom it defcended to
the prefent duke.
AUBIN, a town of the ifland of Jerfey,
with a good harbour and a forte
AuBIN DU CORMIER, a town of
France, in the department of Ille and
Vilaine and late province of Bretagne;
famous for a battle between vifcount:
Tremouille and the duke of Orleans, af-:
terward Lewis x11, in 1488, when the
latter was made prifoner. It is ten: miles
E of Rennes. Lon. 1 23 Ww, lat. 48
I5N. :
AUBONNE, a town ef Swifferland, in
the canton of Bern, on a river of the fame
name, 10 miles w of Laufanne. Lon. 6
30 E, lat. 46 30 N.
AUBURN, a town in Wiltthire, with
a market on Tuefday, on a branch of the
Kennet, eight miles nz of retin ht
and 81 w of London. Lon. 1 32 w, lat.
SI gr Ne
AUBUSSON, -a2 town of France, in the
department of Creuie and late territory
of Marche. It has a manufacture of ta-
peftry, and is. feated on the river Creufe,
37 miles Ne of Limoges. Lon.'2 15 Ey
lat. 45 58 N. ie A
AUCAUGREL, a town of Africa, ca-
pital of the kingdom of Adel, feated on
a mountain. Lon. 44 25 £,° lat. g
10 N. :
Aucu, an epifcopal city of France, in
the department of Gere, Matel an archi-
epifcopal fee, and the capital of Gafcony.
The greateft part of it is feated' on the
fummit and declivity of a hill, at the foot
of which runs the Gers, The cathedral
is one of the fineft in France. The inha-
bitants are computed to’ be 8000; and
they have manufactures of velvet, ferges,
crapes, hats, and leather. Auch is 37
miles w of Touloule. Lon. o go g, lat.
43 39 Ne
_AUCKLAND, BrsHop's, a town in the
bifhopric of Durham, with a market on
Thurfday, It is pleafantly feated on the
fide of a hill, and noted for its beautitul
caftle, and for its chapel, whole architec-
ture is very curious. It is eight miles s by
w of Durham, and 251 NNW of London.
Lon. 1 33 W, lat. 54 43 N.
AvuDE, a department of France, part
of the late provincé of Languedoc. It
receives its name from a river, which rifes
in the Pyrenees, and flowing by Quillan
and Limeux, falls inte the Mediterranean,
below Narbonne.
AVEIRO, a town of Portugal, on the
lake of Vouga, ye a good harbour, 3@
3
AUG
miles $ of Oporto. Lon. 8 30 w, lat. 40
40 N.
_AVEIRON, 4 department of France, in-
cluding the late province of Rouergue. It
ig-named.from a river, which rifles near
Severac-le-Chateau, and flowing by Rhodez
and Villefranche, falls into the Garonne,
below Montauban.
: AVELLINO, an-epifcopal town of Na-
ples, in Principato Citeriore. It was al-
ron{t suined by an earthquake in 1694,
and ig.a5 miles.E of Naples. Lon. 15 0
By lat. 40 59N-,, :
) AVENCHE, a town of Swifferland, in
the canton of Bern, formerly capital of
Swifferland, but now greatly decayed. It
is 15 miles w of Bern. Lon. 6 524, lat.
45 5ON. .-
AVERNO, a: lake of Naples, in Terra
di Lavora, two miles long, and one broad.
Virgil and others have faid that the water
was fo bad, that birds dropt dead when
flying over it, and hence they call it the
ake of hell; but it is now tound to have
no poifonous quality ;, for birds not only
fly over it, but fwim upon it. A little
to the w of the lake is a:cave, where tome
setend they went formerly to coniult th¢
rumgan Sybil. There sare, alfo fome old
walls, which forme fuppole to be the
ruins of a temple of Apollo, and others
of Pluto. |. Hie
VERSA, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavora, with a bifhop’s fee. It is feategl
in a fine plain, cight miles n of Naples.
Lon. 14.20 E, lat. 40 59 Ne
Aves, or the Iflands of Birds, fo called
from the great number of birds that tre-
quent them. They are 70 miles & bys
of Curacao, and 100 N Qs. the coat of
Terra Firma.
AVESNES, a town of France, in the
department of the North and late province
ee Haimault, feated on the. Heiper, 25
mies £ of Cambray, and 100 NE of Paris.
Lon: 3 58 £, lat. 50 8N.
AUENAY, a pleaiant dittle ifland in the
Iske of Zuric, below Rapperlchwyl. It
Helongs co the convent of our Lady of the
Hermits. ; |
_. AUGSBURG, an ancient city of Syabia,
a bifhop’s fee, and an imperial city, or fo-
veieign ftate, being governed by the town-
council and the reprefentatives of the
burghers, who are half proteftants and
halt papilts. ' The churches, townhoute,
and other public buildings, are magnificent.
Tt is furrounded by beautiful plains, and
large foretts full of all forts of game. In
the bifhop’s palace, the Lutherans pre-
fented their confeflion of faith to the em-
peror Charles v, in 3550, hence called the
AVI
confeifion of Augfburg. The bifhop is
one of the princes of the empire, bat has
no fhare in the government of the town.
Tt was taken by the French in 1703, but
abandoned in the year following; and
again taken by them, Auguft 24, 1796.
It is feated between the rivers Werdach
and Lech, 30 miles Nw of Munich. Lon.
114, lat. 48 27 N.
AUGUSTA, the capital of Georgia, in
N America, fituate on the sw bank of
the river Savannah, 117 miles Nw ot the
town of Savannah. ‘The town does not
confilt of quite 300 houfes; but as it is
feated on a fine plain, and enjoys the bett
foil, with the advancage of a central fitu-
ation between the upper and lower coun-
tries, it is rifing into imporiance. ' Lon.
82 0 W, lat. 33 20 N. '
AvGusreE, or AusTA, an ifland in the
eulf of Venice, on fhe coaft of Dalmatia,
near Ragufa, fubjeét to Venice. Lon. 17
QE, lat. 42 55 N. a
AUGUSTIN, ST. a town of N America,
on the £ coaft of Florida. It was ceded
by the Spaniards td the Englith in 1764,
but reftered to them again) by the peace
of 1783. The town is fituate at the
foot of a pleafant hill, well covered with
trees.; but the coaft is too. fhallow. to be
approached by veffels that draw rnore than
twelve feet water; fo that this place is ill
fituate for trade, though it is the chief
town of E Florida. Lon. $1 10 Ww, lat.
30 ION, ’
Avcusting, a cape of S America, in
Bralil,, 300 miles. NE of the bay of All
Saints. Lon. 35 40 w, lat. 8 30s.
AvuGuUSTOW, a town: of Poland, ia
Polachia, feated on the 'Narieu, 44 miles
N of Bielifk. Lon. 23 40 £, lat. 53 25 .N.
Aucustus, Fort, a {mall fortrefs
of Inverne(sfhire; at the head of Loch
Nei{s.
AVIGLIANO, a town of Italy, in Pied-
ment, feven miles w of. Turin, Jen. 7
38 F, lat. 45 5 N.
AVIGNON, a city of France, capital of
a territory of the iame name, which de>
pended lately on the pope, with an arch-
bifhdp’s fee, and a univerfity. It was
formerly the refidence of the popes, who af-
terward returned to Rome. The churches
are handiome, and the jews are allowed to
have a fynagogue. It is advantageoufly
feated on the Khone, 20 miles E of Nif{mes.
Lon. 4 53 £, lat. 4.3 57 N.
AVILA, an ancient town of Spain, in
Old Caftile. It has a univerfity, and a
manutacture of fine cloth; and 1s feated
in a large plain, Surrounded by mountains
covered with ti wit trecs and vineyards, 40
3 ‘ ‘
Y
op 38
ches
own.
, but
and
1796.
rdach
Lon.
ia, in
ik of
t the
s not
it is
e bett
| fitus
coun-
Lon.
in the
natia,
nN. 17
erica,
ceded
176.4;
eace
: the
with
to be
> than
is ill
chief
, lat.
a, in
All
H, ia
miles
bg N.
trefs
Loch
Pied-
bn. 7
al of
de~.
arch-
was
0 af-
tches
d to
bully
mes.
’ in
da
ated
AUR
tniles Nw of Madrid. Lon. 4 35 w, lat.
40 40 N.
AVILES, a town of Spain, in Aufturias
d'Oviedo, on the bay of Bitcay, 25 miles
N of Oviedo. Lon. 6 5 Wy, lat. 43 27.N.
Avis, a town of Portugal, in Alentejo,
feated on an eminence, with a caftie, near
the river Avis. Hence the military order
of the knights of Avis have their name.
It is 65 miles E of Lifbon, Lon. 7 40
Wy, lat. 38 46 N.
AULCESTER, atownin Warwickhhire,
with a market on Tuefday. It was a
Roman {tation, as appears fron the coins,
bricks, &c. often dug up in and near it, and
from the Roman Ickneild-ftreet paffing
through it. It is feven miles w of Strat-
ford upon Avon, and 102 Nw of London.
Lon.1 52 w, lat. 52 16 N.
AULPs, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Var and late province of Pro-
Vence. Lon.6 308, lat. 43 40N.
AUMALE. See ALBEMARLE.
Avunis, lately a imall «rritory of
France, in Poitou, and now forming part
of the department of Lower Charente.
AVON, ariver that rifes in Wilts, coafts
the edge of the New Forett, and enters
the Englifh Channel at Chriftchurch Bay
in Hamphhire.
AVON, a river that rifes in Leicefter-
fhire, and running by Warwick and
Evetham, falls into the Severn, at ‘Tewkef-
bury.
Avon, Lower, a river that riies in
Wilts, and ranning w to Bath, becomes
navigable there, continues its courfe to
Briftol, and {alls into the Severn.
AURACH, a fortified town of Suabia,
in. the duchy of Wirtemburg; feated at
the foot of a mountain, on the rivulet
Ermft, 15 miles & of Tubingen. Lon. 9
228, lat. 48 26N.
AVRANCHES, an. ancient town of
France, in the department of the Channel
and late province of Normandy; feated on
a mountain, at the foot of which flows the
See, one mile and a half from the Englith
Channel, and 30 £ of St. Malo. Lon. 1
13 W, lat. 48 41N.-
AURAY, a feaport of France, on the
gulf of Morbihan, in the department of
that name and late province of Bretagne,
eight miles w of Vannes. Lon.2 53 Ww,
Jat.4.7 40N.
AURICH, a town of Weftphalia, in £
Friefland, with a caftle, where the count
refides. It is featéd in a plain, furrounded
by forefts full of game, 12 miles NE of
Embden. Lon. 7 12 £, lat, 53 28 N.
AURILLAC, a populous trading town
of France, on the river Jordanne, in the
AU T
department of Cantal and late province of
Auvergne. Quntities of lace and velvet
are manutactured here. It is 30 miles sw
of St. Flour, and 2g0 s of Paris. Lon.
2228, lat. 44 55.
AvRorA ISbAND, an ifland, one of the
New Hebrides, in the S Pacific Ocean.
It is 36 miles long and 15 broad, Lon.
163 24 £, lat. 15 85.
AURUNGABAD, a confiderable cigy 6F
Afia, in the Deccan of Hindooftan. It
is but a modern city; owing its rife, from
a {mall town, to the capital of Dowlatabad,
to the great Aurungzebe, from whom it
had its name. It is 260 miles NE of
Bombay. Lon. 76 2 &, lat. 19-45 N.
AUSTRIA, one of the circles of the Gere
tan empire, bounded on the w by Swiffer-
land; on the N by Suabia, Iayayia, Bohe-
mia, and Moravia; on the & by Hungary ;
and on the s by Italy and Croatia, It
contains the archduchy of Auftria; the
duchies of Stiria, Carinthia, Carniola, and
Govitia; the county of Tiral;“and the
bithoprics of Brixen and Trent.
AusTRia, anarchduchy, in the circle
of the fame name. The river Ens divides
it into Upper and Lower: Vienna is the
capital of the Lower, and Lintz of the
Upper. Auftria excels all the provinces
of Germany ‘in the fertility of its foil, the
plenty of its paftures, and the wholefome-
ne{s of the air. Corn, wine, and fruit,
are plentiful; and the faffron better than
that of the E Indies.
AUTUN, an ancient town of France,
the epifcopal fee of the department of
Saone and Loire, in the late province of
Burgundy ; feated on the river Arroux,
at the foot of three mountains. It con-
tains a great number of Roman antiquities,
and thofe in. better prefervation than
in any other city of France; particularly
the temples of Janus and Cybele. They
have manufactures of tapettry from cows
hair and thread, carpets, and coverlets,
Their delft ware is degenerated into
earthen, although, with little induftry,
their argil would be very proper for por-
celain. In St. Martin’s church is the
tomb of the cruel Brunehaud, whom
Gregory of Tours mentions as the monfter
of the 4ixth century: fhe was accufed of
‘having peifoned her fon Childebert, and
of having procured the death of ro kings;
by the order of her grandfon Clovis 11, the
was tied to the tail of a wild mare, and
thus miferably perifhed. The cathedral
of St. Lazarus, the college, and the {emi-
nary, are worthy of notice. Autun is 45
miles E by s of Nevers, and 162 SE of
Paris, Lon. 4 23 F, lat. 46 57 Ne
D4
A XI
AUVERGNE, alate province of France,
zoo miles in length, and 75 in breadth;
bounded on the N by the Bourbonnois, on
the z by Forez and Velay, on the w by
Limofin, Querci, and La Marche, and on
the s by Rouergue and the Cevennes. It
now forms the two departments of Cantal
and Puy-de-Dome.
AWE, Loch, one of the moft beautiful
Takes of Scotland, in Argylefhire, 30 miles
long, and, in fome parts, above two broad.
It contains many fine little iflands, tufted
with trees. The river Awe, the outlet of
this lake, is diicharged into Loch Etive,
at the village of Bunawe.
AUXERRE, an ancient town of France,
in the department of Yonne, lately an
epifcopal fee of Burgundy, and feated on
the declivity of a hill, atthe foot of which
flows the Yonne. The inhabitants are
computed at 16,000; and it contains many
fountains and jquares. It is 25 miles s
of Sens. Lon. 3 398, lat. 47 48N.
AUXONNE, a town of France, in the
department of Cote d’Or and Jate province
of Burgundy, with a caftle, an arfenal,
hand{fome barracks, a foundry for cannon,
and a {chool for the artillery. It is feated
on the Saone, 17 miles E of Dijon. Lon.
5 29 E, lat. 47 11 N.
AwatTska-Bay, a harbour of Kamtf-
chatka, faid to be the fafeft and moft ex-
tenfive that has been difcovered, and the
only one, in that part of the world, that
can admit veflels of a confidcrable burden.
Lon. 158 48 £, lat. 52 51 N.
_ AWLEN, an imperial town of Suabia,
on the river Cochen, 15 miles w of Oeting.
It wag taken by the French in Augutft
1796. Lon.10 15, lat. 48 56 N,
AXBRIDGE, a corporate town in So-
merfetfhire, with a market on ‘Churfday.
It is governed by a mayor, and feated on
the river Ax, under the Mendip Hills,
zo miles NW of Wells, and 132 w of
Lordon. Lon. 3 0w, lat. 51 17N.
AXEL, atownof Dutch Fianders, feated
jn a morafs, 19 miles N of Ghent. It
was taken by the French in 1794. “Lon.
345, lat..5t 15 N. ;
AXHOLM, an ifland in the Nw part of
the dittrict of Lindfey, in Lincolnhhire,
formed by the Trent, Dun, and Idle. It
is a rich tract, in which much flax is cul-
tivated.
AXIM, a territory on the Gold Coatt
of Guinea, containing two oy three vil-
Jages on the feafhore. The inhabitants
are generally rich, and fell a great deal of
gold to the Englith and Dutch. They are
likewife induftrious in fifhing, and in
tilling the ground, which produces a pro-
AYR
digious quantity of rice, which they ex<
change to other places on the coait, for
Indian corn, yams, potatoes, and palm oil.
The Dutch have a tort and a factory heres
called St. Anthony.
AXMINSTER, a town in Devonhhire,
on the river Ax, with a market on Satur-
day. It was a place of note in the time
of the Saxons; king Athelftan eftablifhed
a minfter here, to the memory of the
princes flain in his army, when he defeated
the Danes in thisneighbourhood. Here is
a manufa¢tuve of broad and narrow cloths,
and a famous one for carpets. It is 18
miles & by N of Exeter, and 147 w of
London. Lon. 3 8 w, lat. 50 46N.
Axum, a village, {uppofed to have
been once ihe capital of Abyflinia, Its
ruins are very extenfive, but, like the
cities of ancient times, confilt altogether
of public buildings. It is 125 miles w
of the Red Sea. . Lon. 36 4 &, lat. 14. 6N.
AYAMONTE, a feaport of Spain, in
Andalufia, with a caftle built on a rock,
at the mouth of the river Guadiana; oppo-
fite Caftro-Marino, 20 miles Nw of Cadiz.
Len. 7 15 W, lat. 37 12 N.
AYLESHAM, atown in Norfolk, with
a market o Saturday, 12 miles N of
Norwich, and 121 NE of London. Lon.
1176, lat. 52 53 N.
AYMOUTH, a town of Scotland, in
Berwickthire, fix miles N of Berwick, and
once fortified to curb the garrifon of that
town. Lon. 1 46 W, dat. 66 11 N.
Ayr, a borough and feaport of Ayr-
fhire, fituate on a fandy plain, on both
fides of the river Ayr, over which is a
bridge of four arches.. Its chief trade is
in coal and grain; the fithery being in a
manner given up. In the New-Town are
_many good houfes, and the ruins of a
Dominican monaftery, founded by Alex-
ander 11, in 1230. A mile N trom the
town, is a houle called King’s Chapel,
founded for lepers by Robert Bruce; the
leprofy being a difeaie fo common in thofe
days, as to be the fubject of feveral par-
liamentary ftatutes. Ayr is 65 miles sw
of Edinburgh. Lon. 4 39 By,lat. 55 30 Ne
AYRSHIRE, a county af, Scotland,
beunded on, the w and N by the trith of
Clyde and Renfrewfhire, on the z by the
counties of Laneck and Dumfries, and on
the se and s by the thires of Kirkcud-
bright andsWigton, It exhibits the thape
of two wings, extending to the Nw and
sw, and forming a vaft bay at the mouth
of the frith of Clyde. Between, its ex-
treme points it is about 50 miles; its
greateft breadth is not quite 27. Its moft
northerly sivifion is Cunningham, the NW
exs
tor
oil.
eles
ire,
ae
ime
hed
the
ited
eis
ths,
, 18
of
BAC
me of which, though mountainous, is
rich in pafture.
AZAMOR, a feaport of Morocco; for-
merly very confiderable, but ruined by
the Portuguefe, in 1513» Lon. 70 Ww,
lat. 32 50 N.
AZzEM. See ASSAM.
AzoOF. Sec ASOPH.
AZORES, or WESTERN ISLANDS, &
group of iflands, in the Atlantic Ocean,
between 25 and 32° w lon. and between
37 and 40° N lat. 900 miles w of Portu-
gal, and as many & of Newfoundland.
‘They are nine in number, viz. St. Maria,
St. Michael, Tercera, St. George, Gra-
ciofay Fyal, Pico, Flores, and Corvo.
‘They were difeovered in 1439, by John
Vanderberg, a merchant of Bruges, whe,
in a voyage to Lifbon, was driven to thefe
iflands by ftre(s of weather. On his ar-
rival at Lifbon, he boatted of his difco-
very; on which the Portuguefe fet fail,
and took polieffion of them. They have
been ever fince fubject to the Portuguele,
who called them the Azores, from the
number of hawks found among them.
The two welternmoft were cee Flores,
and Corvo, from the abundance of flowers
on the one, and of crows on the other.
They are fubject to a governor-general,
who refides at Angra, in ‘Tercera. No
poifonous animal, it is faid, is to be found
in the Azores, and if carried thither it
will expire in a few hours. All of them
are fertile, and enjoy a falubrious air, but
are fubjeét to violent earthquakes.
B.
ABELMANDEL, a ftrait between
the coaft of Africa and Arabia,
uniting the Red Sea with the Indian
Ocean. Near it is a fmall ifland and a
mountain of the fame name. Lon. 44
30 BE, lat. 12 40N.
BABENHAUSEN, a town of Suabia,
in the duchy of LA aad five miles
nN of Tubingen. Lon. 9 4. £, lat. 48 35 N.
BaBOLITZA CARETHNA, or Baso-
LIZA, a town of Sciavonia, near the river
Drave, between Pofega and Zygeth.
BaBYLon. See Bacpan,
Baca, or Baza, a town of Spain, in
Granada, 15 miles NE of Guadix. Lon,
2 42 W, lat. 37 18.N.
Bacano, a village of Italy, in the pa-
trimony of St. Peter, on a fimall lake,
near ariver of the fame name, where the
Fabii were defeated, in the 277th year of
Rome,
BAD
Bacaseray, a town in the Ruffian
province of Taurida, where the late khans
of the Crim Tartars generally refided.
It is 70 miles 8 of Precop. Lon. 35 40
E, lat. 45 30 N. ;
BaCCaRACH, a town of Germany, in
the palatinate of the Rhine, formerly im-
perial, and famous for its wines. It is
feated on the Rkine, 20 miles w of
Mentz. Lon. 7 52 £, lat. 49 55 N.
Bacuian, one of the Molucca iflands,
in the E Indies, which produces cloves.
It is very fruitful and belongs to the
Dutch. Lon. 125 5 £, lat.o258.
Bapajoz, a town of Spain, capital of
Eftramadura, and a bifhop’s fee. It is
famous for a bridge built by the Romans
over the Guadiana. On this bridge the
Portuguefe were defeated by Don John of
Auftria, in 1661. It is 175 miles s by
w of Madrid. Lon. 6 50 w, lat. 38
32.N.
BaDgLona, a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, feated on the. Mediterranean, 10
miles NE of Barcelona. Lon. 2 20 By
lat. 41 283 N. Oo ,
Bapen, a town of Suabia, capital of
a margravate of the fame name, with a
caftle, on the top of a mountain, wheré
the prince often refides. It is remarkable
for its baths, whence it takes its name,
and is feated near the Rhine, four miles
8 of Raftadt. Lon. 8 14, lat. 48 50 N.
BADEN, a margravate of Suabiay
bounded on the n by the palatinate of the
Rhine and bithopric of Spire, onthe EB by
the duchy of Wirtemburg and principas
lity of Furftenburg, on the s by the Brif
gaw, and on the w by the Rhine. Itis
divided into the Upper and the Lower,
BaDEN, an ancient town, in a county
of the {ame name, in Swifferland. It is
remarkable for its baths, mentioned by
the ancients under the names of, Aque
and Thermz Helvetice; and for the
treaty concluded here in 1714, between
Germany and Spain. It is feated on the
Limmat, 10 miles Nw of Zuric. Lon.
$ 20 Ey lat. 47 25 N.
BaDEN, a town of Auftria, famous
for its hot baths; feated on the river
Suechat, 15 miles sw of Vienna. Lon,
16258, lat. 48 1N.
BaDENWEILER, a town of ouabia, in
the lower margravate of Baden, cated
near the Rhine, ro miles sz of Friburg.
Lon. 7 52 £, lat. 481 N. :
BaDGEWORTH, a village in Gloucef-
terfhire, noted for a {pring of mineral
water, called Cold Pool, nearly the fame
in quality as tho/e of Cheltenham. Itas
fever miles NE of Gloucefter, ;
a 6
BAG
Bapts, a fortrefs of Livonia, 20 miles
2 of Revel. Lon. 24 36 £, lat. 59
15.
BakEZA, an epifcopal town of Spain,
in Andalufia, with a univerfity, feated on
the Guadalquiver, 15 miles NE of Jaen.
Lon. 318 W, lat. 37 45 .N.
Barrin’s-Bay, a bay in N America,
difcovered by Mr. BafEn, an Englifhmar,
who attempted to find out a Nw paflage
that way tothe South Sea. It extends
from 70 to 80° N latitude,
BaF Fo, a town in the ifland of Cyprus,
with a fort near the ancient Puphos, of
which confiderable ruins remain, parti-
cularly fome broken columns, which pro-
bably belonged to the temple of Venus.
Lon. 32 30 E, lat. 34. 50N.
BAGDAD, anciently BABYLON, a po-
pulous city, capital of Irac Arabia,
feated on the Tigris, and inhabited by
Chriftians, Turks, &c. It has a cattle,
and a confiderable trade, being annually
vifited by the Smyrna, Aleppo, and
weftern caravans. It was the capital of
the Saracen empire, till taken by the
Turks jmthe 13th century; fince which
it hasdeen taken and retaken feveral times
by the Turks and Perfians ; and laft of
alt by the Turks in 1638. It is 250
miles: n by w of Buffarah. Lon. 43 52
_ & lat. 33 20 N.
. BaGLana, or BOCKLANA, a country
of Hindooftan, ‘in the Deccan, which cx-
tends from the Surat river to Poonah,
and is: incloied: by a ridge of mountains,
ealled the Gauts. It is bounded on the
w by Candeifh,’ on the sw by Vifiapour,
and.on the sz by Dowlatabad.
BaGnarRa, @ feaport of Naples, in
Calabrio Ulteriore, eight miles 5 of Pal-
ana. In this town 3017 perions perifhed,
by the dreadful earthquake in 1783.
Lon. 16 8 £, lat. 38 15 .N.
BaGNaREA, anepifcopal town of Italy,
in the patrimony of St. Peter, five miles
s of Orvieto. Lon. 12 28 8, lat. 42
GON. -
BaGNERES, a town of France, in the
department of the Upper Pyrenees and
Jate province of Bigorre, feated at the
foot of the Pyrenees, on the river Adour.
It is much frequented, on account of its
hot mineral waters, and is 10 miles sE of
‘Tarbes. Lon. 0 12 £, lat. 43 3N.
BaGnraLac, a town of ‘Turkey in
Europe, in Bofnia, 30 miles NE of Spa-
-Jatro. Lon. 1808, lat. 44.24.N.
BAGNOLS, a town of France, in the
department of Herault and late province
wf Languedoc, near the river Cefe (in
the bed of which fome gold fand is found)
BAI
8 miles 5w of Pont St. Efprit. Lon, 4
43 E, lat. 44 10 N.
Banwama, or Lucaya Isuanps,
fituate to the s of Carolina, between
22 and 27° y lat. and 73 and 81° w lon.
They extend along the coatt of Florida to
Cuba, and are {aid to be 300 in number,
fone of them mere rocks, but 12 of them
large and fertile. They are all unin-
habited, except Providence, and are fub-
ject to the Englith. One of thee iflands
was the firft land defcried by Columbus,
O&t. 42, 14.92%) on which he landed, and
called it San Salvafor. ‘They were not
known to the Englifh till 1667, when
captain Seyle being driven among them in
his paflage to Carolina, gave his name to
one of them, and, being a fecond time
driven upon it, called it Providence. The
cotton feed has been recently introduced
into thefe iflands from Georgia, and is
well adapted to the foil and climate.
Bauar, a country of Hindooftan
Proper, bounded on the w by Allahabad
and Oude, on the N by Napaul, on the £
by Bengal, and on the s by Oriffa. It is
fubject to the Englifh E India Company ;
and moft of the faltpetre they export is
manufaétured in this province, of which
Patna is the capital.
BAHEREN IsLAND, in the gulf of
Perfia, once famous for its pearl fifhery.
Lon. 49 5 E, lat. 26 10N.
Banus, a town of Sweden, capital of
a government of the fame name, on arock,
in an ifland, 10 miles N of Gottenburg.
Lon. 11 42 £, lat. 57 52 N.
Bata, an inconfiderable town of Na-
ples, in Terra di Lavora; but famous, in
the time of the ancient Romans, for its
hot baths and clegant palaces, of which
fome ruins remain. It is feated on the
bay of Naples, 12 miles w of Naples.
Lon. 14 5 E, lat. 40 51N.
Baja, a populous town of Hungary,
on the Danube, 35 miles nw of Effeck.
Lon. 24 o£, lat. 46 10N.
B4JADOR, a cape on the w coaft of
Afiica, 8 of the Canary Iflands. Lon,
14.22 Wy, lat. 26 12 N.
BAIKAL, a great lake in Siberia, in
the province of Irkutzk, 420 miles long
and 80 broad. There are a great many
feals in it of a blackifh colour, and ftur-
geons of a montftrous fize.
BaAILLEUL, a town of France, in the
department of the North and late Frerch
Flanders, nine miles sw of Ypres. Lon,
2558, lat. 5045N.
Bain GoncGa, or. BAN River, 2
river of Hindooftan, which rifes near the
Nexbudda, rung fouthward through Berar,
on, 4.
ANDS,
itween
lon,
ida to
mber,
, them
unin.
e fub-
flands
nbus,
» and
re not
when
ymin
me to
time
The
uced
Ind is
oftan
habad
the £
It is
anys
brt 16
hich
f of
ery.
al of
ock,
urg.
BAL
and, after a courfe of near 400 miles,
unites with the Godavery, within the
hills that bound the Britith Circars,
BAKEWELL, a town in the Peak of
Derbyshire, with a market on Monday ;
feated on the river Wye, 20 miles NNW
of Derby and 151 of London. Lon. 2
42 W, lat. §3.15N.
Baku, a town of Perfia, in the pro-
vince of Schirvan, the moft commodious
haven of the Caipian Sea, on the w coaft
of which it is fituate. The entrance, in
fome places, is difficult and dangerous, on
account of the number of fhoals and
iflands. Baku is a fortre{s, (urrounded
by high brick walls, 300 miles s of
Afttacan. Lon. 49 158, lat. 402N.
«BALA, a town in Merionethfhire, with
a market on Saturday. It is feated on
the lake of Bala, or Pemblemere, which
is 13 miles in length, and fix in breadth,
and abounds with a fifh called a guinard,
refembling a falmon in fhape, and taiting
like atrout. The river Dee runs throug
this jake. The town is noted for a great
trade in knit woollen ftockings. It is 50
miles ssz of Holyhead, and 195 Nw of
London. Lon. 3 35 Ww, lat. 52 50 N.
'’ BALAGAT, 2 province in the Decan of
Hindooftan, confilting of a vaft extent of
fertile and populous plains, fupported in
the nature of a terrace, by a ftupendous
wall of mountains, called-.the Gauts,
which rifes abruptly from the low country
called the Concan. | This traét is fo ele-
wated, that the air is cool and pleafant.
It is fubjeét to the Poonah Mahrattas,
‘and extends not only through their terri-
tories, but through the peninfula, to the
fouthern extremity of Mysore.
' BaAvacuer, a fortified town of Spain,
in Catalonia, on the river Segra, at the
foot of a craggy rock, 75 miles Nw of
‘Barcelona. Lon. 1 18, la*. 41 55 .N.
BaLARUC, a town of France, near the
road from Montpellier to Touloufe; fa-
mous for its baths. ©
BaLasorE, a feaport to the Nw of
‘the bay of Bengal, four miles from it by
land, but by the rivers 20 The inha-
bitants make ftuffs of filk, cotton, anda
fort of grafs. It is 180 miles sw of
Hoogly. Lon. 87 1 8, lat. 21 20 N.
BALBASTRO, an epifcopal town of
Spain, in Arragon, on the river Vero,
42 miles NE of Saragofla. Lon. o 27 £,
Jat. 42 8.N.
' BaABEc, theancient Heliopolis, a town
of Syria, at the foot of Mount Libanus.
It is agreeably feated to the Nz extremity
ef the valley of Bocat, On the & fide are
fhapnificeyt ruins, particularly thofe of
BAL
the temple dedicated to the Sun, which
ave been copiouily described by Metlis,
Wood and Dawkins, and M. Volney.
Balbec is chiefly inhabited by Chriftians
of the Greek church, and is 37 miles
nN of Damaicus. Lon. 37 20 B, lat. 34
22 N.
BALCH, a town of Ufbec Tartary, on
the frontiers of Perfia, 200 miles 5 of
Bokhara. Lon. 6908, lat. 37 20N.
Batpivia, a Jeaport of Chili, in §
America. built by the Spanifh general
Baldivia, about 1551, after he had con-
quered Chili. It {ands between the Cal.
Jacalles and Portero, where they fall inte
the Pacific Ocean. Lon. 73 20 Wy lat.
39 38S.
BaLDOCK, a town in Herts, with a
market on Thurfcay ; feated between the
hills, in a chalky ‘cil, and chiefly of note
for its trade in malt. It is nine miles
wsw of Royfton, and 37 NNW of Lon-
don. Lon. o 5 w, lat. 52 2 N.
Batt, an ifland forming the N fide of
the ftraits of Java, through which the E
India fhips fometiines return from China;
but the paffige is commonly very difficult,
on account of contrary winds. ‘This
ifland is populoys, and abounds in rice
and all forts of fruits. The inhabitants
are black, addicted to war, and pagans.
Lon. 115 508, lat. 7 10 5.
BALLAGHY, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Sligo, 22 miles s of Sligo.
Lon. 8 40 W, lat. 53 56 N.
BALLYCONNEL, a town of Ireland, in
the county of Cavan, 11 miles NE of
Cavan, Lon. 7 25 w, lat. 54 10 N.
BALLYNAKILL, a borough of Ireland,
in Queen’s County, 18 miles nw of Kil-
kenny. Lon. 7 25 w, lat. 52 50 N.
BALLYSHANNON, a feaport of Ireland,
in the county of Donegal, 110 miles nw
of Dublin. Lon. 7 50, wy fat. 54
33_N.
BALLOGIsTAN, LiTTLE, a country
of Hindocitan Proper, bordering on the
nN of Mewat, and approaching within 14.
miles of Delhi. It is 80 or 90 miles long,
ind from 30 to 40 broad. Within this
‘century it was feized by the Balloges, or
Balloches, whofe country adjoins to the
w bank of the Indus, oppofite Moultan.
They are repretented asa very favage and
eruel.race. ‘Their territory is full of ra-
vines, and of courfe dithcult of accefs.
Weftward it borders on the country of
the Seiks.
Batic, a large fea, between Den-
mark and Sweden to the w, and Ger-
many, Poland, and Rutfia tothe £. It
contains the gulfs ‘of Bothnia, Finjand,.
BAN
Ries, and Dantzic. The Baltic has no
ebb and flow, but a current always fets
through the Sound into the Categate, by
which it connunicates with the ocean.
Yellow amber is found on the coaft.
Ba.TIMORE, a town of Ireland, inthe
county of Cork, on a headland which
yeas into the fea, nine miles ng of Cape
Crear. Lon. 9 14. Ww, lat. 51 24.N.
BALTIMORE, 2 town of the United
States, in Maryland, ieated on the
Patapfe, which runs into the bay of
Chefapeak. It is divided into the Town
and Fell’s Point, bya creek, over which
are two bridges. At Fells Point, the
water is deep enough tor fhips of burden ;
but imall veifcls only go up to the town.
There oe nine churches, &c. which re-
feectively oelong to a different fect; and
the number cf inhabitants is upward of
to,ov0. tis 45 miles Nz of Annapolis,
Len. 76 25 w, lat. 39 4.5 .N.
BAMBERG, atown of Franconia, for-
merly imperial, bu: now capital of a
bishopric of the fame name, with a uni-
werfity. It furrendered to the French in
Auguft 1796. It is feated at the con-
fluence of the Maine and Rednitz, 35
miles N of Nuremburg. Lon. 11 7 4,
lat. so aN.
Ba.iBERG, a town of Bohemia, at the
foot of 2 mountain, 30 miles s of Glatz.
Lon.14 50 E, lat. 49 55 N.
Bamrr. See BANFF.
BaMPTON, a town in Oxtordfhire,
with a market on Monday, feated near
the Thames, 12 miles w of Oxford, and
gyowb;, NLondon. Lon. 1 25 w, lat.
-§1 -46N.
Bamprtan, 2 town in Devonhhire, with
a market on Saturday, feated in a bottom
forrounded by hills. It is 14 miles nne
of Exeter, and 163 w by s of London,
Lon. 3 38 wy Jat. 51 2N.
BaNBURY, a borough in Oxfordhhire,
with 2 market on Thurfday. It fends
one member to parliament; is noted for
§ts cakes and cheefe; and is feated on the
Charwell, 75 miles NNW of London. Lon.
ase w, lat. 524.N.
Banea, an ifland of Afia, on the gE
eoait af Sumatra, with a town and ftrait
of the fame name. Lon. 106 50 £, lat.
2358.
BANCAL!5, a feaport on the E coaft of
Samatra, ...1ere the Dutch have a fettle-
yacnt. It is 130 miles w.of Malacca.
Lon. 100 7 F, lat. 1 15N.
Bancock, a town of Afia, in the
kingdom of Siam, with a fort, once in the
poteffion of the French, who were expelled
wm 1488, The howies are made of canes,
BAN
and covered with palm-leaves. The ins
habitants are almoft naked, and having no
furniture in their houfes, fit on the floor.
It is 17 miles N of the fea, and 40 s of
Siam. Lon. 101 5 £, lat. 13 35N.
Banpa, the chief of the Banda, or Nut-
meg Iflands, inthe IndianOcean. They
sie between 127 and 128° £ lon. and 4and
5° s lat. comprehending the ifles of Lantor,
Poloroon, Rofinging, Pooloway, Gonapi,
Nero, &c. The nutmeg, covered with
mace, grows on thele iflands only; and
they have been fubjeét to the Dutch, ever
fince 1609, when they expelled both the
Englifh and natives, They are all very
{mall, the largeft being {carcely 20 miles in
length; and are fubjett to earthquakesy
Banda is 75 miles sz of Amboyna. Lon,
128 5 E, lat. 4 508.
BanpveR CoNnGo, a feaport of Perfia,
on the gulf of Perfia, 80 miles w of
Gombroon. Lon. 55 8 £, lat. 27 10 N.
Banpora, the capital of Saldette, an
ifland {epavated from: Bombay by a nar-
row channel. Lon. 72 40 £, lat. rg oN.
BanFF, 2feaport, and the county-town
of Banffshire, feated on the declivity of
a hill, at the mouth of the Deveron, over
which is a handfome bridge of feven
arches, erected oy government. The
town houfe is adorned with a handfome
fpire; and the harbour is defended by’a
neat pier and a battery. Here is a ma-
nufaéture of thread, and another of ftock-
ings; and the children attend the factory
and {chool alternately; fo that education
and induftry are united. In the middle
of the town is Banff caftle, belonging to
the Findlater family; and at the foot of
the hill is Duff Houfe, the feat of the
earl of Fife. Banff is 32 miles nw of
Aberdeen. Lon, 2 35 w, lat. 57 35 N.
BANFFSHIRE, @ county of Scotland,
bounded on the n by the Murray Frit,
on the sg by Aberdeenfhire, and on the
Nw by Murrayfhire. Its greateft length
is 50 miles, and its extent along the coatt
nearly 30.
BANGALORE, a ftrong fortrefs of My-
fore, in the peninfula of Hindooftan. It
is a place of great political importance,
being, from its fituation, the bulwark of
Myfore, toward Arcot. It was taken by
the Englith in1791; but reftored in3792.
It is 74. miles Ne of Seringapatam. Lon,
77.375, lat. 13 ON, ae
BANGHIR, atown of Ireland, in King’s
County, on the Shannon, x5 miles s of
Athlone. Lon. 7 41 w, lat. 53.7.
BANGOR, a city in Carnarvonthire,
with a market on Wednefday. It was
once fo confiderable, that it was callyd
f
&
ah
ag
rT te
BAR BAR
Bangor the Great, and deferided by & 30 miles w of Toul, and 138 F of Paris,
caftle. The principal buildings are the Lon. 5 20 £, lat. 48 44.N.
cathedral and ihe bifhop’s palace. It is Bar-sur-AUBE, an ancient town of
36 miles w of St. Afaph, and 251 NW France, in the departinent of Aube am
of London, Lon. 4 12 W, lat. §3 late province of Champagne. It is famous
12N, for its wines, and feated at the foot ot a
Banoor, 2 borough of Ireland, inthe mountain, 13 miles sw of Joinville. Len.
county of Down, on the bay of Carrick- 4 558, lat. 43 15 N.
fergus, oppofite the town of that name. BAr-SUR-SEINE, a town of France,
Lon. 5 42 w, lat. 54 40 N. in the department of Aube and late pro-
BanjaRr, ariver in the ifland of Bor- vince of Champagne, 20 miles sw ef
neo, at the mouth of which the Englith Bar-fur-Aube. Lon. 4 32 &, Jat. 4% ¢ &.
have a factory. Bara, one of the Hebrides of Scotland,
BANSTEAD, avillage of Surry, noted to the sof S Uitt. It is five miles long and
for its downs, one of the moft delightful three broad. At low water, it atzwoft
{pots in England, on account of its fine communicates with benbecula; on whie
carpet ground, covered with fhort herb- account, both iflands are fometimes called
age, perfumed with thyme and juniper, the Long Ifland. The w coaft of Bara
which make the mutton of this {pot very is low, and the foil in many parts very
feet, though fmall. Thefe downs form fertile; but the ground rifes to the EB
a tract of 30 miles, extending, under cout, where it is barren, Lon. 7 30 Ws
different “denominations, from Croydon lat. 56 55N.
to Farnham. Banftead is 13 miles ssw Baracoa, a feaport of Cuba, 50 miles
of London. NE of St. Jago de Cuba. Lon. 76 10W,
BANTAM, a town of Afia, onthe Nw lat. 21 oN.
coaft of Java, capital of a kingdom of | BARANCO DE MALAMzBO, a town of
the ii:me name, with a good harbour, and S America, in Terra Firma, with a
a caftle. It is divided intotwo towns by bifhop’s fee, and a good harbour; feated
a river. The Englith and Danes had on the river Madalena, 75 miles nN of Car-
factories here till 1682, when they were thagena. Lon. 75 30 w, lat. 11 gon.
expelled by the Dutch. The produce is BARANWAHR, atownof Lower Hun-
pepper, of which vaft quantities are ex. gary, taken from the ‘Turks in 1684.
ported by the Dutch, who have depofed it is feated on the rivulet Croflo, near the
the kings of the ancient race, and fuffer Danube, 90 miles Nw of Belgrade. Lon.
nothing to be done in this kingdom but 19 50 w, lat. 45 55 N.
what they pleafe. Bantam, once popu- Bargadoes, the eafternmot of the
lous and flourifhing, is now a poor and Windward Iflands, in the W Indies, 25
wretched place. Lon. 105 26 £, lat. 6 miles in length, and 15 in breadth. It
20 S. belongs to the Englifh; and the number
Bantry, a town of Ireland, in the of the whites is about 20,000, who have
county of Cork, on a bay of the At- 100,000 flaves. Their exports are fugar,
lantic, to which it gives name. Lon. g rum, cotton, indigo, and ginger; and
25 W, lat. 51 36N. they have moft of the fruits common to
BapauMeE, a town of France, in the the climate. The fugar exported hence
Yepartment of the Straits of Calais and is whiter and finer than that of any other
late province of Artois, 12 miles se ot plantation; and they have one particular
Arras. Lon. 2 35 £, lat. 50 8N. produétion, called Barbadoes tar, which
Bar, a town of Poland, in Podolia, on rifes out of the earth, and {wims upon the
the river Bog, 40 miles NW of Brack- furface of the water. This ifland has
law. Lon. 27 30 £, lat. 49 14.N. fuffered much from hurranes; parti¢u-
Bar, or Barrois, a late duchy of larly, froma dreadful one, O&. 10, 17206
France, lying on both fides the Meufe, It is 70 miles k of St. Vincent. The
between Lorrain and Champagne. It capital is Bridgetown. :
now forms the department of Meufe. Bargary, a country of Africa, he-
Bar-DE-puc, a town of France, in tween the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediter-
the department of Meufe, capital of the ranean Sea, and Ecypt, and containing
late duchy of Bar, with a caftle. It is the countries of Parca, Tripoli, Tunis,
divided into the upper and lower town: Algiers, Fez, and Morocco, It is near
the latter is watered by the rivulet Orney, 2000 miles in length, and, in fome placts,
in which are very fine trouts. The wine 750 in breadth. It was known to the
is excellent, and as delicate as Cham- ancients by the names cf Mauritania,
pagng, It is feated on the fide of a hill, Numidia, Breer Africa, and Libya. it
BAR
is the bef{ country in all Africa, except
Egypt; and fertile in corn, maize, wine,
citrons, oranges, figs, almonds, olives,
dates, and melons. Their chief trade
eonfifts in their fruits, in the horfes called
barbs, Morocco leather, oftrich-feathers,
indigo, wax, tin, and coral. ‘The eftab-
lifhed religion is the Mahometan, and
there are {ome Jews; but no Chrittians,
except the flaves.
Barsas, a cape of Africa, in the
Atlantic Ocean. Jon. 16 40 w, lat. 22
15 N.
Barse, Sr. a town of New Bifcay,
in Mexico, near which are rich filver
mines. It is 500 miles Nw of Mexico.
Lon. 107 5 W, lat. 26 oN.
BarBERINO, a town of Tufcany, at
the toot of the Appennines, on the river
Sieva, 12 miles N of Florence. Lon. 11
35 E, lat. 43 59N.
BaRBEZIEUX, a town of France, in
the department of Charente and late pro-
vince of Angoumois. It has a mineral
fpring called Fontrouilleufe, anda manu-
facturesof linen cloth. It is 45 miles
we of Bourdeaux. Lon.o o, lat.45 30 N.
Barsupa, cneof the Leeward Iflands,
in the W Indies, fubject to the Englith,
about zo miles long,and 12 broad. ‘The
inhabitants (about 1500) are chiefly em-
ployed in raifing corn, and breeding cat-
tle, for the ule of the neighbouring iflands.
Xt is the property of the Codrington fa-
mily, and is 19 miles NE of St. Chrifto-
pher. Lon. 61 50 Ww, lat.17 49N.
Barca, a country of Barbary, on the
s coaft of the Mediterranean, between
Tripoliand Egypt. Itisa barzen defert,
inhabited by none but wandering Arabs.
Here was feated the famous temple of
Jupiter Ammon, (0 difficult of accefs on
account of the burning {ands.
BaARCELCNA, a city of Spain, in Ca-
talonia, of which it is the capital, with
a bifhop’s fee, and a good harbour, on
the Mediterranean Sea. Itis of an oblong
form, containing about 15,000 houtes,
and is de'ended by a fort, called Mont
Joy, which ftands on a rocky mountain,
amile w ot the town. It has double
walls on the N ond fr, andthe fea cn the s,
with a mole for the fecurity of fhips. It
is divided into the new and old town, by
svall anda ditch. It has a fine univer-
fity, an inquifition, a cathedrai with two
lotty towers, a palace for the viceroy, an
arfenal containing arms for feveral ‘hou-
fand men, and decks for the building of
gallies. Itisa place of great trade, and
they make curious works in elats; the
kuives are likewife in great reputation, as
BAR
well as the blankets. In 170%, it was
taken by the eari of Peterborough, after
a fiege of three weeks. In 1706, Philip
V invefted it with a numerous army, but
was obliged to raife the fiege. In 1714,
it was taken by the French and Spaniards,
when it was deprived of ail its privileges,
and the citadel built to keep it inawe. It
is 250 miles Eos Madrid. Lon. 2 13 8,
lat. 41 26.
BARCELONETTA, a town of France,
in the department of the Lower Alps and
late province of Dauphiny, 12 miles se
of Embrun. Lon. 6 39 £, lat. 44
23.N.
BaRCELORE, a town of the peninfula
of Hindooftan, on the coaft of Malabar.
Itis a Dutch faétory, 130 miles s of Goa.
Lon. 7415 E, lat. 13 25 N.
BARCELOS, atownot Portugal, onthe
river Sourilla, 20 miles N of Oporto. Lon.
8 20-w, lat. 4.1 30N.
BarDEWICK, a town of Germany, in
the duchy of Lunenburg, on the river I}.
menau, 17 miles se of Hamburg. Lon.
10 19 Ey lat. 53 24.N.
Barpszy, a {mall ifland of Carnar-
vonfhire, at the n point of Cardigan Bay.
BarpDsTown, a town of Kentucky, in
the county of Nelfon.
Barnpr,atown of Germany, in Swedith
Pomerania, with a caftle and harbour,
near the Baltic, 12 miles w by N of
Swalfund. Lon. 13 12 8, lat. 5423 .N.
3AREGES, a village of France, much
frequented on account of its mineral
baths. It is feated in a valley of the
fame name, 12 miles s of Bagneres.
BaReEITH, a town of Franconia, in
the margravate of Culembach, witha fa- .
mous college, 15 miles sE of Culembach.
Lon. 31 56, lat. 50 oN.
BaRFLEUR, a town of France, in the
department of the Channel and late pro-
vince of Normandy. It was ruined by
the Fnglith in 1346, and the harbour
filled up. ‘The cape of that name is 12
miles g of Cherburg, and near it, part of
the navy of France was deftroyed by the
Englith, in 1692. It is 17§ miles Nw otf
Paris. Lon.1 6 w, lat.49 40 N.
Bart, a town of Naples, capital of
Terra di Bari, and an archbifhop’s fee.
It is feated on the gulf of Venice, ard
had once a good harbour, which was de-
ftroyed by the Venetians. Itis 20 miles
E of Trani. Lon. 17 58, lat. 41 26.
Bari, or Trera di Bart, 2 provinc
of Naples, on the gulf of Venice. ‘The
air is temperate, aud the foil frtile; but
there are many ferpents and tarantulas.
BARjJOus, a town of France, in the
dep?
Pro
40 8
B
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with
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BI
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Near
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York
and
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W Of
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for |
B
BAR
department of Var and late province of
Provence, 19 miles from Riez. Lon. 6
40 E, lat. 43 43N-
BarRKING, a town of Effex, with a
market on Saturday, feated on the river
Roding, near the Thames. It was cele-
brated for a magnificent nunnery. founded
in 675; a gateway and apartoy the walls
of which are {till vifible. It is feven
miles g£ of London. Lon.o 12 &, lat.
51 $2.N.
BaRLetTTA, atown of Naples, in Bari,
with a bifhop’s fee, feated on the gulf of
Venice, 25 miles wsw of Bari. Lon,
36 32, lat. a1 20N.
BARNARD-CASYLE, a town in the
county of Durham, with a market on
Wednefday. Jt has a manufacture of
fiockings, and is feated cn the river T'ees,
30 miles sw of Durham, and 244 NNW
eof London. Lon. 1 49 Ww, lat. 54 35 .N.
BARNET, a town, parti’ in Middleiex,
and partly in Herts, with 2 market on
Monday. Itisinthe parifh of Eaft Garnet,
and fituate on the top of a hill, whence it
is called High Barnet, and allo Chipping
Barnet, from a market granted here, by
Weary 1 to the monks of St. Alban’s,
Near this place was fought, in 1473, the
decifive battle between the houfes of York
and Lancafter; and at the meeting of the
St. Alban’s and Hatfield roads isa column,
with an infcriptron, to commemorate this
event. Barnet is rx miles N by w of
London. Lon. o 5 wy, lat. 51 42 N.
Barnet, East, a village two miles
sk of Barnet, once much frequented on
account of a medicinal fpring.-
BARNEVELT, an ifland of S America,
to the s of Tierra del Fuego. Lon, 66
58 Wy, lat. 55 495.
BARNSLEY, a town in the W riding of
Yorkthire, with a market on Wednefday,
and a confiderable manufacture of coarie
linen. ‘T'wo canals are now making from
this place; one to the Calder, and the ether
tothe Don. It is feated on the fide of a
hill, 13 miles n of Shefheld, and 174. N by
w of London. Lon. 1 28 W, lat. 53 25.6.
Barnsiey, a village of Gloucetter-
fhire, four miles NE of Cirencefter, noted
for large quarries of excellent freeftone.
BARNSTAPLE, a fcaport and borough
of Devonfhire, with a market on Friday
ivated on the river Tau, 12 miles § o
Barnftaple Bay in the Briftol Channel, 38
NNW of Exeter, and 191 w of London.
Lon. 45 W, lat. 51 8.
BaROaACH, a town im the Decan of
Hindooftan, on the ¢ bank of the Net
budda, 40 miles n of Surat. Lon. 72 5§
B, lat. 23 ag N.
BAS
Bakravx, a fortrefs of Dauphmy, ag
the entrance of the valley of Grefivaudan,
built by a duke of Savoy in 1597. It
was taken by the French in 1598, and is
feated on the Ifere, fix miles s of Chame
berry. Lon. § 52 £, lat. 45 29 N.
BaRTHOLOMEW IsLe, a fimall ifland
in the S Pacific Ocean, one of the New
Hebrides. Lon. 167 24.8, lat. 15 42s.
Bar rHuoLoMew, ST. one of the Ca-
ribbee iflands, in the W Indies, 30 miles
N of St. Chriftopher. It is 20 miles in
circumference, and has a good harbour.
The French ceded it to theSwedes in 1785.
Lon. 63 10 Wy lat. +7 56.N.
BARTON, a town in Lincolnfhire, with
amarketon M@nday. itis ‘cated on the
Humber, where there is a ferry into York-
fhire, of great advantage to the town, which
is 35 miles N of Lincoln and 166 of
London. Lon. o 20 w, lat. 53 42 N.
BarutuH, an ancient town of Syria,
with a Chriftian church, 30 miles Ng of
Seyda. Lon. 36 30 £, lat. 34 10 N,
BASARTSCHICK, a town of Turkey it
Europe, in Romania. It has a greae
trade, and is feated on the river Meritz.
Lon. 24 40 £, lat. 42 19 N.
Basi, or Basie, the capital of the
canton of Bafil, in Swifferland, with a
bifhop’s fee, and a famous univerlity. Ie
is divided into two parts by the Rhine;
the largeit of which is on the fide of Swit.
ferland, and the leaft on that of Germany ;
but they are joined by a handfome bridge.
The larger has five gates, fix fuburbs, 200
fiveets, iix large {quares, and 4.5 fountains,
and is partly teated ona hill. The other
fiands on a plain, and has buf two gates,
with feveral ftreets and fountains. The
cathedral is an elegant Gothic building,
but disfigured by a daubing of role-
coloured paint, f{pread over the whole
edifice, Under a marble tomb in it, is in-
terred the great Frafinus. The towns
houfe, and fine paintings in frefco, parti-
cularly the picture, by Holbein, of the
Paffion, are much admired, ‘The univer-
fity has had the glory of poflfeifing fuch iJ.
huttrious names as Occolampadius, Bux-
tort, Wettein, Euler, the Bernouillis,
Qo. ryt 1 oe. due
&e. The library contains a prodigious
number of books and manuferipts; and
there is avich collection of medals, among
which are feveral exceedingly icarce. The
clocks always go wn hour too faft, becaufe
they cid fo on the dey appointed to murder
megiitrates, by which the con{piracy
; diconcerted. This town is fur-
rounded by thick walls, flanked by towers
and baitions
is faid to have beca invented here.
bs oer De baer rm mana V\tipere 4)
‘The art of making paper
‘ aw
&ney
BS aa Vea
BAS
have feveral manufactures, particularly of
ribands and cottons, and carry on an ex-
tenfive trade. The bifhops of Bafle once
pofiefied the fovereignty over the city and
canton; but, in 150%, when the canton
joined the Helvetic contederacy, they
fixed their refidence at Porentru; {till re-
taining the dignity of princes of the em-
pire. The fumptuary laws are very ftrict
at Bafle; and no perion is allowed to have
a fervant behind his carriage. ‘Three
treaties of peace were concluded here in
one year, 1795) with the French republic ;
by the king of Pruflia April 5, the king
of Spain July 22, and the landgrave of
Heffe Cafiel Auguit 28. Balle is the
largeft, and feems to have been once one ot
the moft populous towns in Swillcrland ;
it is capable of containing 100,000 inha-
bitants ; but their number is icarcely more
than 14,000. It is 174 miles N by E of
Geneva, and 250 E by s of Paris. Lon.
7 29K, lat. 47 35 .N.
BasiticaTa, a province of Naples,
abounding in corn, wine, oil, cotton,
honey, and faffron. Cirenza is the capital.
Basiniroramo, a river of Turkey,
in Europe, in the Morea, which falls into
the gulf of Calochina. It was called
Eurotes by the ancients.
BasinGsTroxe, a corporate town in
Hampihire, with a market on Wednelday,
35 mules E by nof Salifbury, and 47 w
by s of London. Lon. 1 4W, lat. 51 19 N.
Basques, a late territory of France,
which included Lower Navarre, Labourd,
and Soule, and now forms, with Bearn, the
department of the Lower Pyrenees. The
fupplenefs of the limbs, and the agility
of the inhabitants, are proverbial.
_ Bass, a great infulated vock in the
German Ocean, one mile from the coaft
ef Haddingtonthire, between the towns
of North Berwick and Dunbar. On the
$ fide it is almoft conic; on the other it
overhangs the {gain a tremendous manner.
Tt is inacceffible on all fides, except the
sw, and there it is with great difficulty
that a man can climb up by the help of
a rope or ladder. In May and June it is
quite covered with the nefts, eggs, and
young birds of the gannets, or folan
geefe; fo that it is {carce poffible to walk
without treading on them: and the flocks
of birds, in fight, are fe prodigious, as
to darken the air, like clouds; and their
noile is fuch, that people, clofe by each
other, hear what is {poken with dithculty.
Thefe birds come hither to breed. The
rock is one mile in circumference, and
fupplied with water by a {pring at the
top. A ruinous caftle, once the ftate
BAT
prifon of Scotland, ftands at the edge ofthe
precipice. The garrifon, in 1694, fur-
rendered to king William, and the forti-
fications were demolifhed. A cavernruns
through the rock, quite dark in the centre,
where, it is faid, there is a deep pool of
freth water. The rock has arabbit warren,
and pafture for a few fheep. Lon. 2 35
Ww, lat. 56 3 N.
Bassano, a town of Vicentino, in
the territory of Venice, on the river
Brante, in a country produftive of ex.
eclHent wine. Lon. 11 24 £, lat. 45 51 N.
Basse, a town of France, in the de-
partment of the North and Jate province
of Flanders, well Known by the many
fieges it has fultained ; but its tortifications
are now demolifhed. It is 13 miles sw
of Lifle. Lon. 2 528, lat. 50 28N.
Basszen, a city and tortrefs in the
Decan of Hindooftan, oppofite the n end
of Salfette. It was taken by the Englith
in 1780, but reitored to the Mahrattas in
1783. It is 27 miles N of Bombay.
Lon. 72 10 £, lat. 19 19 N.
BassenTHWAITE-WATER, a fine lake
in Cumberland, three miles nw of Kef-
wick. It is four miles long, bounded on
one fide by high hills, wooded, in many
places, totheir bafes; on the other, by the
fields, and the fkirts of Skiddaw.
BasseTEeRRgy the capital of St. Chrif-
topher, built by the French, when this
part of the ifland was in their poffeilion,
before it was ceded to the Englith in 1713.
BasseTERRE, the capital of Guada-
loupe, in a diitviét of the fame name, in
the w part of the ifland. It is defended
by a citadel and other fortifications. Lon.
61 59 W, lat. 15 59 N.
Bastia, a feaport of Albania, oppofite
the ifland of Corfu, at the mouth of the
river Calamu. Lon. 20 20 8, lat. 49
4ON,
Bastia, the capital of Corfica, with
a good harbour, a ftrong caftle, and a
bifhop’s fee. It was taken by the Englith,
May 22, 1794. It is 70 miles ssw of
Leghorn. Lon. 9 30 2 lat. 42 36N.
BasrimENtTos, imalliflands near ‘Terra
Firma, in S America, at the entrance of
the bay of Nonbre de Dios, with a fort,
and a good harbour.
BastTioGNe, a town of Auttrian Lux~
emburg, 25 miles Nw of Luxemburg.
Lon. 6 0 &. lat. 50 ON,
BaTAcoLa, a feaport on the coaft of
Malabar, between Onore and Barcelore.
Here are the remains of a once confider-
able city, on the banks of a {mall river,
four miles from the fea. The country
produces a great quantity of pepper; amd
the Eng
when :
cow, th
Bar
gary, ©
Lon 1
Bar
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See Be
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capital
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from tf
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» 33
BA T
the English had a factory here till 1670,
when a bull.dog having killed a facred
cow, the natives maflacred them all.
Bavraseck, a town of Lower Hun-
gary, on the Danube, 7o miles 5 of Buda.
Lon 19 208, lat. 4625.
Baravia, the ancient name of an ifland
in Dutch Guilderland, from which the
Dutch are fometimes called Batavians.
See BeruWeE. :
Baravia, a city of the ifand of Java,
capital of all the Duich fettlements in the
E Indies. The fort is built at a diftance
from the town of ftone brought trom
Europe. They have cails in the principal
itreets, planted on each fide with evergreen
trees. Batavia contains a piodigious
number of inhabitants, of every country
inthefe parts. Itis the refidence of the go-
vernor-general of all ue Dutch colonies in
the E Indies. It has a hand‘ome hofpital
and arfenal; and all the goods brought
from other parts of the E Indies are lid
up here, till they afte exported to their
places of dettination. ‘The air is very
unwholefome; and this place is repre-
fented as the grave of European navi-
gators. Its harbour is excellent, and
feated onthe Nu part cf the iiland. Lon.
106 s1£, lat.6 105.
Batu, acity in Somerfethhire, with a
market on Wedneday and Saturday. It
has been famous from the time of the
Romans, for its hot {prings, which are not
only ufed as baths, but internally as a
medicine; and great benefits are derived
from them in gouty, paralytic, bilious,
and other cafes. ‘The reputation of thefe
waters has fo much increaled, that Bath
is become the principal refort, next to the
metronolis, for the nobility and gentry,
and the conitant refidence ef many opulent
invalids, as well as of numerous votaries
of diffipation. In {plendor and elegance
of buildings, it exceeds every town in
England; they being conitructed. of a
white ftone. “Ihe principal feafons for
the waters, are {pring and autumn. The
poor wic come here ta drink the waters,
may be received into a magnificent hot
pital. The iprings are diftinenifhed by
the names of the Crofs-bath, the Het-
horh, and the King’s bath. Bath ts
feated on the Avon, which hag been made
navigable hence to Briftol, 12 miles eSx
ot Britol, and 107 w of London, Lon.
2 2x wy, lat. 51 22 N,
Barua, or Bacuta, & town of Hun-
gary, inacounty of the fame name, on
the Danube, 110 miles ssa of Buda,
Lon. 20 40 F, lat. 46 (ON
Barsrorp, a village in Glouceiter-
BAV
fhire, where is a {imall entrenchment fup-
poied to have been thrown up by the Ro-
mans. It is tour miles s by £ of Campden.
BaTrre., a town in Suilex, with a
market on Thur.day. It is famous for
the decifive Victory gained by William
duke of Normandy, over Harold king of
England, in 1066; in memory of which
he tounded here acelebrated abbey. This
town is noted for a manuiaure of gun-
powder, well Known by the name of
Mattel powder. It is 22 miles & of Lewes,
and 57 si of Loudon. Lon. o 33, lat.
50 56N.
Batreco ua, a fortified town, on the
E coaitet Ceylon. Lon. 813 £, lat. 5 55N.
BATTONRURS, a town of Dutch
Guelderland, feated on the nN bank of the
Meu.e, ter miles sw of Nimeguen. Lon,
5 33 E, lat. 51 48,
Barrers#a,a village in Surry, noted
for its fine afparagus. Here was the feat
of the St. Johns, where the farnous lord
Botingbroke was born, and died, On the
fite of it, now ftands a diftillery and a
curious horizontal air-mill. Here fir
Walter St. John founded a freefchool ;
and here is a timber bridge over the
Thames to Chelica. Batterfea is four
miles wsw of London.
BarTLErreLp, a village in Shrop-
thire, five miles N of Shrewfbury, where
the decifive victory was gained by Henry
iv, over Henry Percy, fiurnamed Hotfpur.
BavaRia, one of the circles of the
German empire, bounded on the w by
Suabia, on the nw by Franconia, on the
Ne by Bohemia, and on the g and s by
Auftria. It contains the duchy of Ba-
varia Proper, the upper palatinate of Ba-
varia, the bifhoprics of Freifengen and
Paffau, the duchy of Neuburg, aud the
archbifhopric of Saltzburg.
Bavaria Proper, a duchy, and the
principal part, of the circle of Bavaria.
It formed one of the nine electorates
of Germany, till the death of the eleétor
Maximilian, in 1777, when he was fuc-
ceeded by Charles, eleétor palatine of the
Rhine, who, however, ly the treaty of
Tefchen, in 1779; ceded a part of it, on
the confines of Auftria, to the emperor
loleph 17; and thus terminated a was,
concerning this fueceffion, whith had com-
menced between his imperial majefty and
the late king of Pruffia, who had interfered
as the proteétor of the eleftor palatine.
This duchy is 125 miles long from £ to
Ww, and 87 broad from nto s. The ap
iswholefome, and the country fertile. It
is divided into Upper and Lower Bavaria.
Its capital is Mumek,
E
RE OE
BAW
Bavaria, Uyrer PALATINATE OF,
femetimes called NorpGaw, from its
fituation in the N part of the circle of
Bavaria. It is aduchy, fubje& to the
eleétor palatine. Its capital is Amberg.
Bavay, atown of France, in the de-
partment of the North and late province
of Hainault, to whichthe French vetired
after the battle of Malplaquet, in 1709.
It was taken by the Aufirians in 1792,
but recovered the fame year. It is three
miles sw of Malplaquet, and 12 sw of
Mons. Loun.3 5218, lat. go 16N.
BauGe, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Maine and Loire and late
province of Anjou, famous for the vis-
tory gained by Charles vu, over the
Englith, in 1421. It is feated on the
river Coefnon, 18 miles E of Angers,
Lon. o 1W, lat. 47 30 N.
BaAuGENC!, a town of France, in the
department of Loiret and late province
of Orleanois, feated ona hill, at the foot
of which runs the Loire. It is famous
for its wines, ar.dis fix miles w of Orleans.
BAuME-LES-NONES, a town of France,
in the department of Doubs and late
province of Franche Comté. It had
iately a nunnery, from which it received
its appellation. Five miles from this
town is a famous cavern, the entrance of
whichis 20 paces wide, and after defcend-
ing 300 paces, a grotto is feen, 35 paces
deep, 60 wide, and covered with a kind
of a vaulted roof, from which water con-
tinually drops. Baume is 15 miles sw
of Befangon, Lon. 6 24,£, lat. 47 24N.
Bausk, or BAUTKO, a town of Cour-
land, on the trontiers of Poland, with a
caftle onarock. It is feated on the river
NMulza, 15 miles se of Mittau. Lon.
23 S6E, lat. 56 30N.
EauTzen, aconiiderable town of Ger-
many, capital of Upper Lufatia, with a
ciiudel, Ht ftands on the river Spree, 30
miles F Of Dreiden. Len. 14 42 8, lat.
S1 10N,
Baux, a town of Franee, in the de-
partment of the Mouths of the Rhone
wnd tate province of Provence. It is
trated on uw rock, at the top of which is
acattle, to miles B by s of Arles. Lon,
$7 Fy lat. 43 43. ,
BawTRy, a town in the w riding of
Y orkfhire, with a market on Wedneiday.
it is noted for millones and grindftones,
wid feated on the river Idle, feven miles
s by ket Doneatter, and r52 nN of Lon-
don. Lon.r ro w, lat. 73 27 8.
Baya, or Bata, a town of Lower
Hiungary, on the Danube, 42 miles n of
Pileck. Lon. tg 59 & lat. 46 12 N.
BEA
Bayrux, 2 town of France, in the
department of Calvades and ' te province
ot Normandy, with a bifliop's fee. The
cathedral is very noble. It is ieated on
the river Aure, four miles from the
Englifh Channel, and 140 w by N of
Paris. Lon..o 43 w, lat. 49 T6N.
Bayon, atownof France, in the de-
partment of Meurthe and late provinee of
Lorrain, on the river Mofelle, r2 miles s
of Nanci. Lon. 6 22 £, lat. 49 38 N.
Bayon, or Bayona, a feaport of
Spain, in Gallicia, ona {mall gult of the
Atlantis, 12 miles w of Tuy. Lon. 8
34 Wy, lat. 42 0N.
BAYONNE, a populous and commercial
city of France, in the ¢zpartment of the
Lower Pyrenees and late province of
Gafcony. Two rivers, the Nive and
Adour, unite their ftreams in the middle
of this city, and proceed to the fea, at the
diftance of a quarter of a league. The
firt, which is deeper and morerapid than
the Adour, divides the town into two
unequal. parts, the fimalleft of which is
called the Bourgneuf, or new town. They
have a communication by three timber
bridges. A bank of fand, at the mouth
of the Adour, renders-the entrance of the
harbour difficult ; but veffels, when they
have entered, find it a fafe one. The
citadel is the ftrongeftin France. Bayonne
was lately a bifkop’s fee; and the ancient
cathedral is remarkable for the height of
the nef, and the delicacy of the. pillars
which fuppost it. The military weapon,
the bayonet, bears the name of this city,
in which itwasinvented. ‘The hams and
chocolate of Bayonne are famous. It is.
25 miles sw of Dax, and 425 s by wof
Paris. Leon. ¥ 30 w, lat. 43 29N.
Bazas, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Girende and late province of
Guienne, and lately an epifcopal fee. Ft
is feated on a rock, five miles from the
river Garonne, and 42 sz of Bourdeaux.
Lon. 0 2 W, lat. 44 22.N.
Bracuy-HEAD, a promontory in Suf.
fex, between Haftings and Shoreham.
where the French fleet defeated the Eng-
lith and Dutch in 1690. Lon. o 49 By
laut. $0 $4.N.
BEACONSFIELD, a tow in Bucks,
with a market on Thurfday. ‘The poet
Waller died here, and is interred in the
churchyard, It is 23 miles WNW of
Londen, Lon. o 30 Ww, lat. 51 36N.
BEAMINSTER, a town in Dorletfhire,
with a market om TFhurfday, feated on
the Bert, 15 miles wNw of Dorchefter,
and 138 w by s of Londvn, Lon. 2 52
W, lat. 50 50 Ne
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BEA
Bearn, a late province of France,
bounded on the £ by Bigorre, on the s by
Spanith Navarre, on the w by Soule and
a part of Lower Navarre, and on the N
by Gafcony and Armagnac. It is qo
miles in length, and 30 in breadth. ‘The
plains are fertile, efpecially in paftures,
and the hills are loaded with vines. It
now forms, with Bafques, the depart-
ment of the Lower Pyrenees.
BEAUCAIRE, a town of France, in the
departmenr of Gard and late province of
Languedoc, on the Rhone, oppofite ‘Taraf-
con, with which it has a communication
by a bridge of boats. The fair, held
July 22, partly in the town, and partly
under tents in an adjacent valley, is one
of the moft famous in Europe. It is 10
miles E of Nifmes. Lon. 4 39 £, lat.
43 50N.
BEauce, a late province of France,
between the Ifle of France, Blafois, and
Orleanois. It is fo fe-tile in wheat, that
it is called the granary of Paris. It now
forms the department of Eure and Loire.
BEAUFORT, a town of France, in the
department of Maine and Loire and late
province of Anjou. It has a caftle, the
birthplace of John of Beaufort, eldeft fon
of John of Gaunt duke of Lancafter, by
his third wife Catharine Swinford; and
from this caftle his def{cendants, the Eng-
lith family of Somerfet, take the title of
duke. It is 15 miles Eof Angers. Lon.
© 9W, lat. 47 26 N.
BEAUFORT, a town of Savoy, on the
river Oron, 12 miles NE of Monttier.
Lon. 6 28 £, lat. 45 50 N.
BEAUFORT, a town of S Carolina,
on Port Royal Ifland. Lon. 80 10 w,
lat. 31 40 N.
BEAUJEU, a town of France, in the
department of Rhone and Loire and late
province of Lyonois, with an ancient
cattle, on the Ardiere, at the foot of a
mountain, eight miles w of Saone. Lon.
4 408, lat. 46 gw.
BEAuMARIs, the county-town of An-
glefey, with a market on Wednefday and
Saturday. It ftands on the ftrait of
Menai, and was fortified with a caftle by
Edward 1. It is governed by a mayor,
and fends one member to parliament. It
has no trade; but the bay before it affords
good anchorage, and is a frequent refuge
tor fhips in ftormy weather. It is 59 miles
w by N of Chefter, and 241 Nw of Lon-
don. Lon. 4.15 w, lat. §3 15 .N.
BEAUMONT, a town of France, in the
department of the North and late French
Flainault. It was taken by the Englith
in 1691, who blew up the caftle, It is
BEC
feated between the Macte and Sambre, to
miles of Maubeuge. Lon. 4 19 8, lat.
$0 12 N.
BEAUMONT-DE-LOMAGNE, a town of
France, in the department . of Upper
Garonne, on the Gimone, five miles trom
the mouth of that river, and 12 8E of
Leétoure.
BEAUMONT-LE-ROGER, a town of
France, in the department of Lower Seine
and late province of Normandy, 22 miles
sw of Rouen. Lon.o 54, lat.49 7N.
BEAUMONT-LE VICOMTE, a town of
France, in the department of Sarte and
late province of Maine, to miles N of
Mans. Lon. 0 12 8, lat. 48 4.
BEAUMONT-SUR-OISE, a town of
France, in the department of Seine and
Oife and late province of the Ifle of
France, feated on the declivity of a hill,
on the river Oife, 20 miles N of Paris.
Lon, 2 268, lat. 49 9N. ,
BEAUNE, a town of France, in the
department of Céte d’Or and late pro,
vince of Burgundy, remarkable for its
excellent wine. It is 25 miles sw of
Dijon. Lon. 4 478, lat. 47 on.
BEAvvVOIS, anepi{copal city of France,
in the department of Ole and late pro-
vince of the Ifle of France. The cathedral
is admired for its fine architeture; and
the church of St. Stephen is remarkable
for its curious windows. It was befieged
in 1453, by the duke of Burgundy,
when the women, under the conduct ot
Jeanne Hachette, obliged the duke to
raife the fiege; and in memory of thet
exploits, the women walk firft in a pro-
ceffion on the roth of July, the anniver-
fary of their deliverance. The inhabit-
ants carry on a good trade in beautiful
tapeftry. Isis feated on the river Thefin,
42 miles N of Paris. Lon. 2 5, lat.
49 26 N, :
BEAUVOIR-SUR-MER, a feaport of
France, in the department of Vendee and
late province of Poitou, 25 miles sw of
Nantes. Lon. 1 54 w, lat. 46 55 N.
BEBELINGUEN, a town of Suabia,
in the duchy of Wirtemburg, feated ona
lake, ro miles Nw of Stutgard. Lon,
9 2 £, lat. 48 58N.
Bec, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Lower Seine and late province of
Normandy, with a late noble Benediétine
abbey, 18 miles sw of Rouen, Lon, 0
528, lat. 49 14.N,
Bicc.es, a town in Suffolk, on the
navigable river Waveney, with a market
on Saturday. It has a noble church,
with a lofty fteeple, and two freefchools,
one of them with io icholarthips for
2
BED
Emanuel College, Cambridge. It is 12
miles sw of Yarmouth, and 108 NE of
London. Lon. 1 45 £, lat. §2 36 N.
Bec-p’ARIEUX, or BEDARIEUX, a
town of France, in the department of
Herault and late province of Languedoc,
on the river Obe, 20 miles N of Beziers.
Lon. 3 20£, lat. 43 39N.
BEcCHIN,; a town of Bohemia, on the
Fiver Laulhics, 55 iniles s of Prague.
Lon. 14 53, lat. 49 13.
Beckum, a town of Weftphslia, in
the bifhopric of Muniter, feated at the
fource of the Verfe, 20 miles sp of Mun-
fter. Lon. 838, lat. 51 44.N.
BECSANGIL, a province of Afia, in
Natolia, bounded on the n by the Black
Sea, on the w by the fea of Marmora, on
the s by Proper Natolia, and on the & by
Bolli. It was anciently called Bithynia.
The capital is Burta.
BEDAL, a town in the Nn riding of
Yorkthire, with a market on Tuetday,
zo miles SE of Richmond, and 220 NNW
of London. Lon. 3 25 wy lat. 54
20N.
BeppDIncTon, a village near Croydon,
in Surry. Here is Beddington Park, the
ancient feat of the Carews, one of the
many {aid to have been the retidence of
queen Elifabeth. The church is a Gothic
pile, with ftalls, in the aifles, like a
cathedral,
GEdeEN, or Bepina, a village in Suf-
fex, 12 miles w of Lewes, near a river of
its own name, which rune mto the Enviifh
Channel at New Shcreham.
Breper, a fortified city of the Decan
of Hindooftan, in Dowlatabad. once the
capital of a confiderable kingdom. It is
Zo miles Nw of Hydrabad. Lon. 73 0
Ey Int. I7 ON.
Brepr¥orb, a.cownty cf Penniylvania,
77 miles long ant so broad. The inha-
bitants, in 1790, were 13,120. Its ca-
-
+
pital, of the iame name, is 156 miles w
or Philadelphia. Lon. 78 34 w, lat.go
ON.
Beprornd, aborough, and the county-
town of Hedfordihire, with a market Gn
Yuefday and Satuday. It is feated on
the Ouic, which divides i# into two parts,
united by a bridge with 2 pate at eac
end. It has five churches, and formerly
had a ftrone caftic, whote fite is now a
bowling-green. Ir is governed by a
tnayor, fends two members to parliament,
and is 27 miles & by N of Buckingham,
and $0 N by W of Loadon. Lon. o 30
w, lat. 52 13.N.
BeDForRD Lever, a tract of fenny
fand, in the ife of Ely, confitting of
BE J
300,000 acres, and extending into the
counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, Hunting-
don, Northampton, and Lincoln. After
various attempts to drain thefe fens, in
the reigns of Henry vi and Charles 1,
William earl of Bedford, in 1649, under-
took and completed it; and, in the reign
of Charles 11, a corporation was eftab-
lifhed for the government of this great
level. In thefe fens are feveral decoys, in.
which innumerable quantities of wild fowd
are taken during the teafon.
BEDFORDSHIRE, a county in England,
hounded on the ng by Huntingdonhhire,
on the — by Cambridgefhive, on the sz by
Huts, on the sw by Bucks, and on the
nw by Novthamptonfhire. Its utmeft
length is 35 iniles, and its greateft breadth
22. It his in the diocele of Lincoln;
contains nine hundreds, 10 market-towns,
and 124. parifhes; and fends tour mem-
bers to parliament. The air is pure and
wholefome. Its principal rivers are the
Oufe and the Ivel. Its chief produéts ace
corn, butter, and fuller’s earth; its manu-
factures lace, {traw, hats, batkets, and toys.
BepNoreE, or BIDDANORE, a town of
the peninfula of Hindcoftan, in Myfore.
It was taken by general Matthews, ia
17833 but retaken foon after by Tippoo
Sultan, The capitulation was violated,
and the general poifoned. It is 4.52 miles
sé of Bombay, and 137 Nw of Seringa-
patam. Lon. 75 30 £, lat. 14 oN.
BEDOUINS, tribes of wendering Arabs,
who live in tents, and are dilperfed all over
Arabia, Egypt, and the \ cf Africa, go-
verned by their own chicts, in the dame
matner as the patriarchs lived and go-
verned anciently; the principal employ-
ment of both, the yrazing of cattle.
Brpwis, Great, aborough in Wilt-
fhire, which fends two members to par-
liament, but has neither market ner fair.
it is tive miles sw of Hungevtord, and 71
w ot London. Lon. 1 43 Wy, lat. §122N.
Breman, ariver of Hindooftan, in the
Decan, a principal branch of the Kiftna,
joining it near Edghir. It rifes in the
mountains to the N of Poonah.
BrEFORT, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Rhine and late pros
vince gt <Aliace, at the foot of a moun-
‘n, 28 miles. w of Bafil. Lon. 6 54 ky
lai. 47 36N.
Broia, or Becora, a town of Africa,
in the kingdom of Tunis, with a ftrong
gittle, on the declivity of a mountain, 65
‘miles w of Tunis. Lon. 11 30 £, lat.
36 42 N.
Brja, a town, of Portugal, in Alen-
tcjo, near a lake of the fame mame, 72
\
I
I
es. owe
BEL BEL
miles sz of Lifoon. Lon. 7 40 Wy lat. It was taken by prince Eugene, in 17175
"$7 58 .N. and was kept till 1739, when it was ceded
Beyapour. See Vistarour. to the Turks. It was again taken, in
BricHLINGEN, a town of Germany, 1789, by marfhal Laudohn, but reftored
in ‘Thuringia, 17 miles N of Weimar. at the peace of Reichenbach ins7go. It
Lon. 11 sok, lat. 51 22 N. is 265 miles se of Vienna, and 400 NW
BEINHFIM, a fort of France, in Al- of Conttantinople. Lon. 21 2 &£, lat. 45
face, on the Sur, near its conftuence with 10N.
the Rhine, fix miles sw of Rattadt. BELGRADE, a fimall town of Romania,
Lon. 7 8 £, lat. 48 50N. in European Turkcy, on the ftrait of
Bziia, a town of Piedmont, 32 miles Conftantinople, 20 miles N of that city.
Not Turin. Lon. 7 50 £, lat. 45 54.N. Lon. 29 08, lat. 41 22.
BEIRA, a province of Portugal, bound- BELGRADO, a town of Italy, in Vene-
ed on the N by Tra-los-Montes and En- tian Friuli, ieated near the Iojamenta,
-tre-Deuero-e-Minho, on the s by Portu- 1o miles & by s of Udino. Lon. 12 55 £,
guefe Eftramadura, on the & by Spanifh lat. 43 56.N.
Eitramadura, and on the w by tle At- BELLAC, a town of France, in the de-
lantic Ocean. _ partment of Upper Vienne and late pro-
BELCASTRO, an epifcopal town of vince of Limofin, feated on the Vincon,
Naples, in Calabrio Ulteriore, feated on 20 miles N of Limoges. Lon. 1 20 £,
a mountain, cight miles trom the fea, and let. 46 10 .N.
12 sw of San Severino. Lone17 58, BeELLEGaRDE, aftrong place of France,
-lat. 39 ON. ir the department of the Eaftern Pyrenees
BELCHITE, a townof Spain, in Arra- and late province of Rouffillon, above the
gon, on the river Almonazir, 20 miles sof defile of Pertuis. It is an important
Saragofla. Lon. o 30 W, lat. 41 33N. Ace, on account of its being a paflage
BeLcuog, a town of Ireland, inthe tothe Pyrenees. It was taken by the
county of Fermanagh, {eated on Lough Spaniards in 1793, but retaken the next
Nilly, 18 miles sz of Ballyfhannon. Lon. year, and named by the French govern-
7 29 W, lat. 54 20N. ment Sud Libre. Lon. 2 5f 8, lat. 42
Betcuarg, a townof Ireland, in the :27 N.
county of Sligo, 22 miles sw of Sligo. BELLEGARDE, a town of France, in
Lon. 8 54 W, lat. 54 1 N. the department of Saone and Loire and
BELeEM, a town of Portugal, in Eftra- late province of Burgundy, feated on the
madura, on the N fide of the Tajo, a river Saone, 15 miles NE of Chalons.
-mile from Lifbon,: defigned to defend the Lon. 5 108, lat. 46 57 N.
city; and here all the fhips that fail up Bexurisie, an ifland of France, 15
the river muft bring to. Here they inter miles from the coaft of Brittany. It is
the kings and queens of Portugal; and 15 miles long and five broad; and diver-
here is a royal palace. fifies: with craggy mountains, falt-works,
BELESTAT, a town of France, in the and pleaiant fertile plains. The principal
department of Arricge and late county of place is Palais, a tortified town, with a
Foix, remarkable for a {pring, which, itis citadel. It was taken by the Englifh in
faid, ebbs and flows 12 times in 24 hours, 1761, and reftored in1763.. Lon. 3 6 w,
as exactly as aclock. lat. 47 17 N.
BexiFast, a borough and feaport of | BELLEISLE, an ifland of N America,
Trekand, in the county of Antrim, feated at the mouth. of the {trait between New
on Carrickfergus Bay. It is one of the Britain and Newfoundland. The paflage
mott flourifhing commercial towns in Ire- . between them is called the ftrait of Belle-
land. A canal, connecting the harbour ifle. Lon. §5 25 w, lat. 51 55 N.
with Lough Neagh, was completed in BELLESME, a town of France, in the
1793. Lon. 5 52 Wy, lat. 54 46 N. department of Orne and late previrce of
BreLGARDEN, a town of Pruflian Po- Perche, with an ancient caftle, 75 miles
merania, 55 miles Ne of Stetin. Lon. sw of Paris. Lon. o gz £, lat. 48
15 53 E, lat. 54 10 N. 23 N.
BeLcorop, atown of Beflarabia, in Be.Ley, an epifcopal town of France,
European Turkey, at the mouth of the in the departmertt of Ain and late pro-
Dnielter, 80 miles sz of Bender. vince of Breile, featal near the Rhone,
BeELGRapDE, atown of Turkey in Eu- 12 miles N of Chamberry, and +50 sz of
rope, the capital of Servia, anda Greek Paris. Lon. 5 50£, lat. 45 47 N.
bifhop’s fee. It is feated on the Danube, BELLINGHAM, a town in Northum-
alittle above its confluence with the Save. berland, a amarket on Tuefday, 14
3
BEN
miles NNW of Hexham and 294. of Lon-
don. Lon. 2 10 W, lat. 55 10 N.
BELLINZONA, a town of Italy, in the
Milanefe, and one of the bailiwics which
the Swils potfefs in that country. It is
feated on the ‘Tefino, five miles above the
place where it falls into the Lago Mag-
giore. Lon. 816 £, lat. 46 6N.
BELLUNESE, a territory of Italy, be-
longing to the Venetians, lying between
Friuli, Cadorino, Feltrino, the bithopric
of Trent, and Tirol. It has iron mines.
Belluno is the only place of note.
BELLUNO, atown of Italy, capital of
the Bellunefe, and a bifhop’s fee. It is
feuted among the Alps, on the river Piave,
15 miles NE of Feltii. Lon. 12 98, lat.
43 33N.
BrLMONTE, a town of Naples, in
Calabria Citeriore, on the ‘ufcan Sea, 10
miles w of Cofenza. Lon. 16 5 £, lat.
39 20 N,
BeLt, Great, a ftrait of Denmark,
between the iflands of Zealand and Funen,
at the entrance of the Baltic Sea. It
is not fo commodious, nor fo frequent.’,
as the Sound. In 1658, it was frozen
over fo hard, that the king of Sweden
marched over it with a delign to take
Copenhagen.
BELT, Lirrte, a ftrait to the w
of the Great Belt, between Funen and N
Jutland. It is one of the paffages trom
the German Ocean to the Baltic, though not
three miles in breadth, and very crooked.
_ BELTZ, or BELZO, a town of Poland,
in Red Ruffia, 30 miles Nn of Lemburg.
Lon. 24 5 £, lat. 50 20 N.
BELVEDERE, a town of Greece, capi-
tal of a province of the fame name, in the
Morea. This province lies on the w
coaft, and is the moft fertile in all the
Morea. The town is 17 miles NE of
Chirenza. It is fubje&t tothe Turks; and
the raifins, called Belvederes, come from
this place. Lon. 21 45 £, lat. 38 oN.
BELvoir Caste, in Lincolnhhire,
four miles w of Grantham, the ancient
feat of the dukes of Rutland, fuppoted co
have been a Roman ftation, as many of
their antiquities have been dug up here.
Its foundation was laid foon atter the
Nerman conqueft. It affords a delight-
tul profpect into the counties of Notting-
ham, Derby, Leicefter, Rutland, and
Northampton.
BENARES, a diftri&t of Hindooftan
Proper, between Bahar and Oude; con-
taining the circars of Benares, Jionpour,
Chunar, and Guszypour. It was ceded to
the Englith in 1775, and produces a clear
annual revenue of 380,0001,
BEN
Bewares, a populous city, capital of
the diftrist of hte fame name, in Hin-
dooftan. It is more celebrated as the
ancient feat of Braminical learning, than
on any other account; and is built on the
N fide of the Ganges, which is here very
broad, and the banks very high. Several
Hindoo temples embellith the banks of the
river; and many other public and private
buildings are magnificent. The itreets
are narrow; the houies high, and tome
of them five ftories each, inhabited by dit-
ferent families. . The more wealthy Hin-
doos, however, live in detached houles
with anopen court, furrounded by a wall,
Nearly in the centre of the city is a conli-
derable Mahometan moj{que, built by the
emperor Aurungzebe, who deflroyed a
magnificent Hindoo temple, to make room
for it; and round the city are many ruins
of buildings, the effects of Mahometan in-
tolerance. Notwithitanding this, the
fame manners and cultoms ftill prevail
among thefe people, as at the moft remote
period that can be traced in hiftory; and
in no inftance of religious or civil lite have
they admitted any innovaticns trom fto-
reigners. An infurrection here in 1781,
had nearly proved fatal to the Englifh in-
terefts in Hindooftan; in coniequence of
which, Cheyt Sing, the rajah, was de-
pofed in 1783. Benares is 425 miles sk
o* Delhi, and 400 Nwof Calcutta. Lon.
63 10 E, lat. 25 20 N.
BENAVARRI, 2 town of Spain, in Ar-
ragon, 17 miles N of Lerida. Lon. o
45 E, lat. 42 11 N.
BreNAvVENTO, atown of Spain, in Leon,
on the river Ela, 23 miles sz of Aftorga.
Lon. 5 7 w, lat. 42.4.N. '
BenBecuLa, an ifland of Scotland,
one of the Hebrides, between N and S Ulit.
See Bara.
BENCOOLEN, a fort and town on the
sw of the ifland of Sumatra, belonging to
the Englifh The chief trade is in pepper.
Lon. 102 5 £, lat. 3 49 Ss.
BENDERMASSEN, the capital of a king-
dom of the fame name, in the ifland of
Borneo, with a good harbour. Lon. 113
40 £, lat.24058.
Brnper, a town of Turkey in Eu-
rope, in Beffarabia, on the river Dniefter,
too miles Nw: of Belgorod. It is re-
markable for the refidence of Charles x11,
of Sweden, after. his defeat at Pultowa.
It was taken by the Ruffians in 1789,
but reftored by the treaty of Yaflain 1790.
Lon. 29 0 £, lat. 46 53 N.
BENEDETTo, ST. a town of Italy, in
the Mantuan, 35 miles se of Mantua,
Lon, 11 25 £, lat. 44.44 Ne
Ba
mark
the
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BEN
Benesoeur, a town of Egypt, re-
markable for its hemp and flax; teated on
the Nile, 50 miles s of Cairo, Lon. 31
IO FE, lat. 29 10 N.
BeNeEVENTO, a city of Naples, jin
Principato Citeriore, with an archbifhop's
dee. It has fuffered greatly by earth-
quakes, particularly in 1688, when the
archbifhop, afterward pope Benedict xu,
was dug out of the ruins ¢live. When he
wvas advanced to the papal chair, he rebuilt
this place. Itis fubject to the pope, and
feated near the confluence of the Saboro
and Caloro, 35 miles NE of Naples. Lon.
3457 E, dat. 41 6 N.
BENFELD, a town of France, in the de-
partment of the Lower Rhine and late
province of Aliace. Its fortifications were
demolifhed in confequence of the treaty of
Wettphalia. It is feated on the river Il,
12 miles sw of Strafburgh. Lon.7 45 £,
lat. 4.8 24. .N.
BENGAL, a county of Hindooftan Pro-
per, bounded on the w by Oraffa and
Bahar. on che w by Bootan, on the E by
Affarn » Meckley, and on the s by the
bay of .ngal, . Its extent from E to Ww
is upward of 400 miles, and from N to s
above 300. ‘The country confifts of one
vait plain, of the moft fertile foil, which, in
common with other parts of Hindooftan,
annually renders two, and, in fome parts,
even three crops. Its principal products
ure fugar, filk, fruit, pepper, opium, rice,
faltpetre, lac, and civet. It is compared
to Egypt for fertility; the Ganges divid-
ing here into feveral ftreams, and, like the
Nile, annually overflowing the country.
Bengal has been fubjeét, ever fince 1765,
to the Englifh E India Company. Its
annual revenue, including that of Bahar,
is 1,290,000]. Calcutta is the capital.
BENGUELA, a kingdom of Africa,
bounded on the N by Angola, on the s
by Mataman, on the E by parts unknown,
and on the w by the Atlantic. Its coalt
begins at Cape Ledo on the n, and
extends to Cape Negro on the s, that is,
from lat. 9 20 to 16 30 ss The climate
is very pernicious to Europeans. The
men wear {kins about their waifts, and
beads round their necks; and are armed
with darts healed with iron, and with
hows and arrows. ‘The women wear a
heavy collar of copper vound their neck, a
kind of cloth, made of the bark of a
tree, round their waift, and copper rings
on their legs.
BENGUELA, the capitalof a king-
dom of the fame name, where the Portu-
BEN
the bay of Benguela. Lon. 12 30 £,
lat. 10 30 5S.
Besin, a kingdom of Africa, bounded
on the w by Dahomy and the Atlantic,
on the N. by Biafara, on the g by parts
unknown, and on the s by Loango, Ie
begins in 1° § lat, and extends to about
9° N lat. The country exhibits many
beautiful landfcapes ; but the air is noxi-
ous and even peitilential, on account, of |
the grofs yapours exhaled from the
marthes by the heat of the fun. The
drefs of the natives is neat. The rich
wear white calico or cottan petticoats,
but the upper part of the body is com-
monly naked. ‘The women ule great
art in drefling their hau, which they re-
duce into a varicty of forms. The peo-
ple are {kilful in making various jorts of
dies; and they manufacture and export
cotton cloths. With reipeét to tood,
they prefer the flefh of dogs and cats to
that of any other animal. Polygamy is
allowed ameng them, and the number of
the wives is limited by the ftate of their
circumftances only. Though jealous of
each other, they are not fo of the Euro.
peans, and they think it impoffible that the
tafte cf the women can be fo depraved as
to grant any liberties to a white man,
Their religion is paganifm. Their king
is abfolute, and has a great number of
petty princes ander him.
Benin, the capital of a kingdom of
the fame name in Africa, formerly a very
clofely built and populous city. In the
ftreets, which are long and broad, are
many fhops filled with European merchan-
dife, as wellas with the commodities of the
country. The houfes now ftand widely
diftant from each other; they are all built
with clay, and covered with reeds, ftraw,
or leaves. The women keep the ftreets
clean. A principal part of the town is
occupied by the royal palace, which is
of vaft extent, but neither elegant nor
commodious. Benin is fituate on the
river Benin or Formofa. Lon. 5 4 £,
lat. 7 30 N.
BENNEVIS, a mountain in Invernefs-
fhire, near Fort William. It is efteemed
the higheft in Britain, rifing more than
4300 feet above the levcl of the fea, its
pointed fummit capped with fnow.
BENNINGTON, the principal town of
the ftate of Vermont, in New England,
near the foot of the Green Mountain.
Its public buildings are a church, a
courthoufe, and a jail; but the aflembly
commonly hold the feffions at Windfor.
_guele have a fort. It lies to the n of It has many elegant houfes, and is a flou-
E 4
ae SEIT STN
SS Se Se ee So re =
BER
rifhing town. Near the center of it is
Mount Anthony, which riies very high
in the form of a fugar loai. It is 30
miles g by nN of Albany. Lon. 73 10
Ww, lat. 43.0 N.
BENSHEIM, a town of the palatinate
of the Rhine, on 2 rivulit, ro miles NE
of Worms. Lon. 3 41 £, lat. 49 36 N.
BENtTHgiIM, a town of Weitphalia,
capital of a county of the fame name,
feated on the Vecht, 32 :niles NW of
Munfter. It was taken by the French in
2795. Lon. 725 £, lat. 52 23 N.
BENTIVOGLIO, a town and caftle of
Italy, in the Bolognefe, 10 miles NE of
Bologna. Lon. 11 34 £, lat. 44 37 N.
Berar, a foubah of the Decan of
Hindooftan, bounded by Malwaand Aila-
habad on the n, Orifia on the gE, Gol-
eonda on the s, and Candeifh and Dow-
latabad on the w. The principal part
of it is fubje&t to a rajah; the other to
the nizam of the Deccan. The rajahts
country extends 550 miles from E to w,
and, in fome places, 200 from N to s.
Its capital is Nagpour, Lets is known
of the interior parts of Berar, than of
moft of the other countries in Hindoofian
* That about Nagpour is fertile and well
cultivated; but the gencral appearance
of the country, particularly between
Nagpour and Oriffa, is that of a forelt,
thinly fet with villages and towns.
BERAuM, a town of Bohemia, capital
of a circle of the fame name, 11 miles w
of Prague. Lon. 14 25 E, lat. 50 3N.
Bersice, a Dutch fettlement, on a
river of the fame name, in Guiana, two
leagues w of Paramaribo. It was taken’
by the Englith in May 1796.
BERCHTOLSGABEN, 2 town of Ger-
many, in the archbifhopric of Saltzbuig.
It ferves all the neighbourhood with fait ;
and is feated on the river Aa, 10 miles
sw of Saltzburg. Lon. 130 £, lat. 47
30 N.
Brrdca, 2 town of Perfia, in Erivan,
feated ina fertile plain, 1¢ miles w of
the river Kur, and oz s by £ of Gangea.
Lon. 480 E, lat. 410 N.
BEREALSTON, a borough in Devon-
fhire, that fends two members to parlia-
ment, but has no market. It is feated
on the Tave, ro miles N of Plymouth,
and 211 w by 8 of London. Lon. 2 52
w, lat. 5023 N.
BEReEi Ly, acity of Hindooftan Proper,
cnpital of Rohilla, which was conquered
by the nabeb of Oude in 1774. It fies
between Lucknow and Delhi, 120 miles
from each. Lon. 79 40 £, lat. 28 30 N.
BeRE-Recis, a town in Dorfetthire,
BER
with a market on Wednefday. It is
feated on the Bere, near its confluence
with the Piddle, 12 miles £ by N of Dor-
cheiter, and 113 sw of London. Lon.
215 Wy lat. 50 44 N.
Bere, a duchy of Weftphalia, full of
woods and mountains. Dufleldorp is the
capital. ®
BERGAMO, 2 province of Italy, in the
terrjtory of Venice, bounded by Brefcia,
the Valtelin:, and the Milanefe. Toward
the N it is mountainous and rocky; but
about the capital, Bergamo, it is very fer-
tile. Their language is the moft corrupt
of any in Italy.
BERGAMO, an ancient town of Italy,
capital of Bergamo, with 3 citadel, and
a bifhop’s fee. It is famous for its
fewing {ilk ; and its fair, on St. Bartho-
lomew’s day, is reforted to by merchants
from Italy, Sicily, and Germany. It is
30 miles Ng of Milan. Lon. 9 47 £,
lat. 48 46 N.
Brrcas, a town of Romania, witha
Greek archbifhop’s fee, on the river La-
riffa, 40 miles sz of Adrianople. Lon,
27 40 fF, lat. 41 14. N.
BERGEN, an ancient feaport of Norway,
and ,a bilhop’s fee, with a caltle. It
carries on a great trade in fkins, fir-wood,
and dried fii; and is 350 miles N by w
of Copenhagen. Lon. 4 45 E, lat. 6a
11 N,
Bercen, a town of Sweedifh Pome-
rania, capital of the ifle of Rugen, 12
miles NE of Straliund. Lon. 13 40 E,
lat. 54.23 N.
BERGEN-oOP-ZOoM, a town of Dutch
Brabant, in the marquifate of the fame
name. It is ahandiome place, and one
of the firongeft in the Netherlands, feated
partly on a hill, and partly on the river
Zoom, which communicates with the
Scheld by a canal: it has feveral times
been befieged to no pyrpofe; byt was
taken by the French, in 1747, by trea-
chery. It is 5 miies nN of Antwerp,
and 22 sw of Breda. Lon, 425 8, lat.
gt 27 N.
BERGARAC, a trading town of France,
in the department of Dordogne and late
ae of Perigord, pee on the river
ordogne, 59 miles E of Bourdeaux. Lon,
© 42 E, lat. 450 N.
BeRGuES, ST. ViNnox, a fortified town
of France, in the department of the Nosth
and late county of Flanders, feated on the
river Colme, at the foot of a mountain,
five. miles s of Dunkirk. Loy. 2 28 £,
lat. 50 57 N.
BERKELEY, a corporate town in Glou-
cefterthire, with a market on Wednefday,
nN
d
T
Pa
——- os om S&S FO
It is
fluence
f Dor-
Lon.
full of
is the
in the
refcia,
oward
; but
"y fer-
rupt
Italy,
» and
r its
rtho-
hants
It is
7 &;
BER
It is governed by a mayor; and in the
church are fome elegant monuments of
_ the Berkeleys. Here is an ancient caftle
on a rifing ground, commanding a de-
lightful view of the country and the
Severn. In the civil wars it {uffered con-
fiderably, as it did a few ars ago by
an sccidental fire. The room in which
Edward 11 was imprifoned is ftill to be
feen. It is feated on a brook that flows
into the Severn, 18 miles sw of Gloucctter,
and 113 W of London. Lon.2 23 w,
lat. 51 4.5 Ny
BERKHAMSTEAD, a town of Herts,
with a market on Monday. It was an-
ciently a Roman town; and Roman coins
have been often dug up here. On the n
fide ave the remains of a caftle, the re-
fidence of the kings of Mercia. In
697, a parliament was held here, and
. Ina’s laws publithed. Here William the
Conqueror {wore to his nobility to main-
tain the laws made by his predeceffors,
Henry 11 kept his court .in this town,
and granted to it many privileges; and
James 1, whoie children were nurfed here,
made it a corporation; but thjs govern-
ment was dropped in the civil wars.
Here are two hoipitals, a handfome Gothic
church, and a freefchool. It is 26 miles
Nw of London. Lon. o 31 W, lat. 5146 N.
Berks, or BERKSHIRE, a county of
England, bounded on the z by Surry,
on the s by Hants, on the w by Wilts,
_ ard on. the » by Oxfordfhire and Bucks.
From £ to w it extends above 50 miles,
and from N to s it is 25 miles in the
_Widett, though not more than fix in the
harrowelt part, It Ties in the diocefe of
Salifbury; contains 20 hundreds, 12
. narket-towns, and 140 parifhes; and
fends nine members to parliament. The
air, in general, is extremely healthy. ts
rincipal rivers are the Thames, Kennet,
_Lainborn, and Loddon. The £ part
has much uncultivated land, as Windtor
Foreft and its appendages: the w and
middle parts produce grain in great
ebundance. Reading is the capital.
BERKS, a county of Pennfylvania, 67
miles long and 29 broad. The inhabi-
tants, in 1790, were 30,177. Reading
is the cgpital.
BERLIN, a confiderable city of Ger-
many, capital of the electorate of Eran-
denburg, where the king of Pruffia
refides. The palace is magnificent, and
there is a fine library, a rich cabinet
of curiofities and medals, an academy of
_fciences, an obfervatory, and a fuperb
arfenal, Thereisacanal cut from the river
§ipree to the Oder on the £, and another
BER
thence to the Elbe on the w. It has a
eoinmunication by water, both with the
Baltic Sea and the German Ocean; and
is {cated on the Spree, 42 miles Nw of
Franktort on the Oder, and 3c0 N by w-
of Vienna. Lon. 13 26-£, lat. 52 32 KN.
BerMuDA, SomMeR?, or SuMMER
IsLanps, aclufter of {inall iflands, nearly
in the form of a fhepherd’s crook, and fur-
rounded by rocks, which render them al-
moft inacceifible to. ftrangers. They lie
in the Atlantic Ocean, 500 miles £ of
Carolina, and are inhabited by the Englith.
They were difcovered by Juan Bermudez,
a Spaniard; but not inhabited till 1609,
when fir George Somers was cait away
upon them, and they have belonged to
Britain ever fince. The town of St.
George, on St, George’s Ifland, is the
capital. The perpetual mildnefs of the
climate caufed them to be called, by an
apt allufion, Summer, as well as Somers’
Iflands. Lon. 63 28 w, lat. 32 35 N.
Bern, the largeft of the 13 cantons of
Swiflerland, 150 miles in length, and 75
in breadth. It is divided into two
principal parts called the German and
Roman; but the laft is moft commonly
called the Pays de Vaud. The religion
is Calvinifm, and Bern the capital.
Bern, the capital of the canton of Bern,
in Swifferland. Here is a celebrated
fchool, arich library, and 12 companies of
tradefmen in one of which every inhabi-
tant is obliged to be enrolled’ before he can
enjoy any office. It is a ftrong place, in
a peniniula, formed by the river Aar.
The houfes are of a fine white freeftone,
and pretty uniform, particularly in the
principal ftreet ; and there are piazzas on
each fide, with a walk, raifed four feet
above the level of the ftreet, very com-
modious in wet weather. Criminals,
with iron col‘irs round their necks, are
employed in removing rubbith from the
ftreets and public walks. ‘The public
buildings are magnificent. Bern is 70
miles NE of Geneva. Lon 7 10 2, lat.
46 52 N. ;
BERN, a town of Bohemia, 15 miles
w of Prague. Lon. 13 5 £, lat. 500 N.
BERNARD, a town of Germany, in the
eletorate of Brandenburg, five miles irom
Berlin, noted for excellent beer.
BERNARD, GReaT ST. a moun-
tain of Swifferland, between Vallais and
.Val-d’Aoufta, at the iource of the river
Drance. The top of it is always covered
with fhow, and there is a large convent,
where the monks entertain all ftrangers
gratis for three days, without any difting-
tion of religion.
3d
x Epes = mw st Ninne~taan sd
aaa th geal i Nose at EE wt Ge cat ee
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oiling:
powers wae
BOM eine Tin
BER
Brernay, a trading town of France,
in the department of Eure and late pro-
vince of Normandy, feated on the river
Carantonne, 20 miles sw of Rouen. Lon.
© 50Ef, hat. 49 6N.
BERNBURG, a town of Germany, in
the principality of Anhalt, where a branch
of the houfe of Anhalt refides. It is
Jeated on the river Sara, 22 miles sw of
Magdeburg. Lon. 11 46 £, lat. 51
5UN.
BERNCASTEL, a town of Germany,
fn the ele€torate of Treves, with a cattle.
It is remarkable for its good wine, and
is feated on the Mofellie, near Trarbach.
Berry, a late province of France,
bounded on the N by the Orleanois and
Blaifois, on the E by the Nivernois and
Bourbonnocis, on the s by the Bourbon-
ois and Marche, and on the w by
Touraine and Poitou. It is tertile in
com, fruit, hemp, and flax; and there
is excellent wine in fome places. It now
forms the two departments of Cher and
Indre.
BERSELLO, a fortified town of Italy,
in the Modenefe, feated near the confluence
of the Linza and Po, 10 mules NE of
Parma. Lon. 10 56 £, lat. 4445 N.
BeERsuiRE, a town of France, in the
department of the two Sevres and late pro-
vince of Poitou, 12 miles sw of Thouars.
Lon. 0 27 w, lat. 46 52 N.
BERTINERO, a town of Italy, in Ro-
magna, with a citadel, and a bifhop’s {ee ;
feated on a hill, 50 miles NE of Florence.
Lon. 11 40 £, lat. 44 18 N.
BERTRAND, ST. a town of France,
in the department of Upper Garonne and
fate province of Languedoc. It was
Sately an epifcopal fee, and is 43 miles 5
of Auch. Lon. 0 48 E, lat. 42 56 N.
BERvig£, a feaport and borough of
Kincardinethire, at the mouth of a river
of the fame name, 12 miles sw of Aber-
-deen. Lon. 2 0 w, lat. 56 4oN.
BERWICK, a town, and county of itfelf,
on the borders of England and Scotland,
with a market on Saturday. It is go-
verned by a mayor; and was once a ftrong”
tortrefs, of great importance when England
and Scotland were hoftile nations, to each
of which it alternately belonged, or was
contidered as a diftriét feparate from both
countries. It is ftill fortified, and has
good barracks for the garrifon; but its
-ancient caftle is nowin ruins. Itis large
and populous, has a good trade in corn
and falmon, and is feated on the Tweed,
over which is a handfome bridge of 15
arches. It fends two members to parlia-
ment, and is 147 miles Nef York, 52 SE
BET
of Edinburgh, and 336 by w of Lone
don. Lon. 1 46 w, lat. §5 45 N.
BERWICK-NORTH, a borough in Had-
dingtonfhire, on the ‘rith of Forth, 30
miles Nw of Berwick upon Tweed. Lon.
2 33 W, lat. 56 5N.
BERWICKSHIRE, a county of Scotland,
fometimes called the Mers; bounded on
the £ by the German Ocean, on the sz by
the Tweed, on the s by Koxburghthire,
on the w by Edinburghfhire, and on the
Nw by Haddingtonfhire. The s part is
a fertile-and pleafant traét; and being a
low and flat country, is fometimes called
the How [Hollow] of the Mers. The sz
angle is occupied by Berwick Bounds; a
diitrict only eight miles \in compats, go-
verned by Englifh laws, and accounted
part of an Englith county. The principal
rivers are the ‘weed, Leader, Blackadder,
Whiteadder, and Eye.
Berwyn Hs, lofty hills at the nz
angle of Merionethfhire, beneath which
fpreads the fine vale, in which flows the
infant river Dee.
BESANGON, an ancient and populous
city of France, in the department of
Doubs and late province of Franche
Comté. It has a citadel, ona high rock,
the bafe of which touches both fides of
the Doubs, which here forms a peninfula.
The triumphal arch of Aurelian, and
other Roman antiquities are ftill to be
feen. Befangon is an archiepifcopal fee ;
has -an academy of {ciences, ‘arts, and
belles-lettres, founded in 1752; a lite-
rary military fociety, eftablifhed about the
fame time; and a public library in the
late abbey of St. Vigcent. It is 52 miley
E of Dijon, and 208 sz of Paris. Lon,
6 2; lat. 47 13N.
BESSARABIA, a territory of Turkey
in Europe, between the Danube and the
Dniefter, along the banks of which latt
river the ‘Tartar inhabitants rove from
place to place. Their common food is
the fleth of oxen and horfes, cheefe, and
mare’s milk. Bender is the capital.
Bestricia, a town of Tranfylvania,
remarkable for the gold mines near it, 85
miles Nw of Hermanftadt, and go E at
Tockay. Lon. 23 458, lat. 47 30 N.
BETANZOS, a town of Spain, in Gali-
cia, feated on the Mandeo, on a bay of
the Atlantic, 20 miles s of Ferrol. Lon.
7 §5 W; lat. 43 12 N. ,
BrETELFAGUI, a town of Arabia Fe-
lix, famous for being the mart where the
country people bring their coffee to fell ;
and where the Europeans come to pur-
chafe it. It is 25 miles E of the Red
Sea. Lon. 44 30, lat.3540N,
of Lone
in Had-
orth, 30
d. Lon,
cotland,
nded on
ne SE by
‘ghthire,
on the
part is
being a
s called
The sz
inds; a
als, go-
counted
rincipal
kadder,
the ne
which
ows the
pulous
ient of
‘ranche
h rock,
fides of
infula,
ly and
to be
al fee ;
Py and
an lite-
put the
in the
miles
Lon,
rke
d the
h lait
from
bod is
and
BET
BETHLEHEM, a town of Paleftine,
famous for the birth of CuristT. It is
feated on the ridge of a hill, running
from E to w and has a delightful proipeét.
It is now an inconfiderable place,’ but
much vifited by pilgrims. phere is a
church, ereéted by the famous Helena, in
the form of a crofs: alio a chapel, called
the Chapel of the Nativity, where they
pretend to fhow the manger in which
Chrift was laid ; another, called the Cha-
pel of Jofeph; and a third of the Holy
Innocents. A few poor Greeks refide
here. It is fix miles s of Jerufalem. Lon.
35 25E, lat. 31 50 N.
BETHLEHEM, a town of Auftrian
Brabant, two miles n of Louvain. Lon..
449 E, lat. 50 55N.
BETHLEHEM, a townof N America,
in the ftate of Penfylvania, on the Le-
high, a branch of the Delaware. The
town being partly on an eminence, and
partly on the lower banks of the Manakes
(a fine creek, affording trout and other
fifh) has a very pleafant and healthy fitua-
tion, and is frequently vifited in fymmer,
by the gentry from different parts. It is
the principal fettlement of the Moravians
in America. They were fixed here by
count Zinzendorf, in 1741; and havea
church, a public meeting-hell, the fingle
brethren’s houfe, the fingle filter’s houie,
and a houfe for widows. ‘The German
language is more in ufe here than the
Englith; but the latter is taught in the
{chools, and divine fervice performed in
both languages. Bethlehem is 53 miles
N of Philadelphia. Lon. 75 8 w, lat. go
37 N. .
BETHUNE, a fortified town of France,
in the department of the Straits of Calais
and late county of Artois, with a caftle.
It was taken by the allies in 1710, and
reftored by the treaty of Utrecht. It is
feated on a rock, by the river Brette, 20
miles E of St. Omer and 120 N of Paris.
Lon. 2 35 E, lat. 50 45N.
BETLEY, a town in Statfordfhire, with
a market on Thurfday, 16 miles NNW of
Stafford and 156 of London. Lon. 2 10
w, lat. 53 5 N.
BeETLIs, a town of Afia, in Curdiftan,
fituate on a fteep rock, on the frontiers of
Turkey and Perfia, but {ubjeét to its own
bey, and a fanctuary for the fubjects of
the neighbouring powers. It is 150 miles
E of Diarbekar. Lon. 42 508, lat, 37
30 N.
Beruwe, a fertile ifland of Dutch
Guelderland, 40 miles long and 10 broad,
Containiyg, in that {pace, eight cities and
feverral hundred villages. It is formed by
BEZ
‘the bifurcation of the Rhine above Nime-
guen, and by jthe union of its ftreams,
under different appellations, near Wor-
cum. It was the ancient Batavia, and
formerly gave the name of Bataveeren, or
Batavians, to the inhabitants of the Dutch
Netherlands, which they have now tran{-
mitted to their colony in Java. In this
morafs (as it then was) the anceftors of
the prefent race firft fettled, when, at dif-
ferent times, and for different caufes, they
emigrated from Germany; and it was
principally hence that the Dutch {pread
themfelves over the different provinces.
Brvecum, a town of Auttrian Bra-
bant, 17 miles s of Louvain. Lon. 4
50 £, lat. 50 36 N.
BEVELAND, N and S, two iflands of
the United Provinces, in Zealand, between
the E and w branches of the Scheld.
BEVERGERN, a town of Weltphalia,
22 miles from Munfter.
BevERLeyY, a borough in the E riding
of Yorkfhire, with a market on Wednei-
day and Saturday, and two churches, be-
fide the minfter. It is governed by a
mayor, fends two members to parliament,
He. ie feated on the river Hull, nine miles
N of Hull and 182 of London. Lon,
© 15 W, lat. 53 52 N.
BreyERUNGEN, a town of Germany,
in the diocefe of Paderborn, at the con-
fivence of the Beve and Weler, 22 miles g
ct Paderborn. Lon. 9 30 £, lat 51 46N.
BewcastTLgE, avillage in Cumberland,
on the river Leven, faid to have been
built about the time of the Norman con-
queft. The church is in ruins; and in
the churchyard is an ancient crofs, on the
fides of which are feveral {culptures, with
illegible infcriptions.
EWDLEY, a borough of Worcefter-
fhire, with a market on Saturday, and a
good trade in malt, leather, and caps. It
{ends one member to parliament, and is
feated on the Severn, 14 miles N of Wor.
cefter, and 128 Nw of London. Lon. 2
OW, lat. 52 20N.
BEWLEY, or BEAULIEU, 3 river which
rifes in the N of Invernefsthire, and flow-
ing along the s border of Rofsthire, forms
the fine eftuary on which ftand Invernefs
and Fort St. George, and which termi-
nates in the frith of Murray. At its
mouth is the ferry of Kiflock, near which
‘is a good falmon fifhery.
BEZIERS, a town ot France, in the de-
een of Herault and late province of
anguedoc. It was lately an epifcopal
fee; and the inhabitants are 17,000 in
number. The remains of a circus, and
fome in{criptions, befpeak its ancient
BIE
andeur; and it has an academy of
‘fcienccs and two hofpitals. It is feated
near the Royal Canal, ona hill, at the
foot of which flows the Orbre, 12 miles
NE of Narbonne. Lon. 3 18 £, lat. 21 oN.
Bex, a village of Swifferland, in the
eanton of Bern, near the town of St.
Maurice, which guards the entrance from
that canton into the Lower Vallais. It is
remarkable for its delighiful fituation,
and the falt works near it. The largett
faline is entered by a paflage cut out of
“the folid rock. Travellers, who have the
curiofity to explore thefe gloomy abodes,
are furnifhed with lighted torches, and
dreffed in a coarfe habit, to defend them
from the dri pings that fall from the roof
and fides of the paflage.
BraFar, the capital of a kingdom of
the fame name, in Negroland, feated on
the river Los-Camarones. Lon. 17 40 Ey -
Jat. 6 10 N.
Briana a town of Hindooftan Proper,
remarkable for excellent indigo, 50 miles
w of Agra. Lon. 80 50 £, lat. 26 30 N.
BIBERACH, a free imperial town of
‘Suabia. It has amanufaéture of fuftians,
‘and is feated in a tertile valley, on the
Reufs, 17 miles sw of Ulm. Lon. 10
2 E, lat. 48 10 N.
BiBERSBERG, a town of Upper Hun-
gary, 15 miles N of Prefburg. Lon. 17
~35E, lat. 48 31 N.
BIcESTER, or BURCESTER, a town
in Oxtordfhire, with a market on Friday,
13 miles N by E of Oxford, and 57 w by
N of London. Lon. 1 10 W, lat. 51
54N.
BipacueE, a town of France, in the
department of the Lower Pyrenees and
Jate province of Bafques, with a cattle,
feated on the river Bidoufe, 12 miles £ of
Bayonne. Lon. 1 9 w, lat. 43 31 N.
Brp..ssoa, a river of Spain, which
rifes in the Pyrences, and falls into the
bay of Bilcay, between Andaye and Fon.:
tarabia:
. BIDREVORD, a feaport and town cor-
crate in Devonthire, with a market on
Pyelday; feated on the Torridge, over
which is a ftone bridge of 24 arches. I
carries on a confiderable trade, and is 16
miles s by w of Ilfracombe, and 203 w
of London. Lon. 4 10W, lat. 51 to N.
BiEEzZ, a town of Poland, in Cracowiz,
reniarkable for its mines of vitriol; feaved
on the Wefeloke, 50 miles sz of Cracow.
Lon.21 5 £, lat. 49 50N.
BiELa, a town of Piedmont, capital of
the Bellefe, near the river Cerva, 20
miles w of Verceil. Lon. 7 58 £, lat.
AS 35N,
BIL
BiELOGOROD, a ftrong town of Beffa-
rabia, on lake Videno, near the Black
Sea, 42 miles sw of Oczakow. Len. 30
10 E, lat. 46 20N.
Birevsk, a town of Poland, in Pola-
chia, near one of the fources of the
Narew, 109 miles NE of Warlaw. Lon.
23 398, lat. §2 40 N.
BigLsKo1, a town of Ruffia, in the
sean of Smolenfko, 80 miles NE of
molenfko, and 170 w of Moicow. Lon.
33 5 E, lat. 55 40N.
BIiENNE, a town of Swifferland, on a
lake of the fame name, at the foot of
Mount Jura. It is fubjeét, with its fmall
territory, to the Roman catholic bithop
‘of Bafle; but the inhabitants are protett-
ants. It is17 miles n:v of Bern. Lon.
7 ‘SOE, lat. 47 11 N.
- BIEROLIET,a town of Dutch Flanders,
two miles N of Sluys. Lon. 3 39 £, lat.
5121 N.
BiGcGaR, a town in Lanerkhhire, ten
miles SE of Carnwath. Here are the ruins
of a collegiate church, founded in 1545.
BIGGLESWADE, a town in Bedford-
fhire, with a market on Wednefday, one
of the greateft for barley in England. It
is feated on the Ivel, over which is a ftone
bridge, ro miles Nw of Bedford, and 45
NNW of London. Lon. o 21 wy, lat. 52
6N.
Bicorrg, a late province of France,
bounded on the N by Armagnac, on the
E by Comminges, on the w by Bearn,
and on the s by the Pyrenees. It now
forms the department of the Upper Pyre-
nees. - th rea N
BIHAEZ, a town of Croatia, feated on
an ifle fcvmed by the river Anna, 65 miles
se of Carlftadt. Lon. 16 32 Ey lat. 44
51 N.
BryinaGur. See B:sNAGuR.
Biyorz, a province of Hindooftan
Proper, between the rivers Indus and
Attcek, having Cabul on the w, the
Bockharian Mountains on the nN, Cath-
mere on the E, and Peifhore on the s. Its
dimenjions are not more than 50 miles by
‘20. It is full of mountains and wilds,
inhabited by a favage and turbulent
race.
BILBoA, a city of Spain, capital of
Bifcay, with a good harbour. Its exports
are wool, {word-blades, and other manu-
factures in iron and fteel. It is remark-
able for the wholefomenefs of its air,
and the fertility of the foil about it.
It is feated at the moutli of the Ibaicabal,
which enters the bay of Bifcay, .50 miles
w of St. Sebaftian, and 180 N of Madrid.
Lon. 3 10 Wy, lat. 43 33 Ne
f Beffa.
e Black
Leon. 30
n Pola-
of the
| Lon.
in the
is NE of
ye Lon.
dj, on a
toot of
ts fmall
bithop
protett.
Lon.
anders,
E, lat.
re, ten
le ruins
545-
edford-
ty, One
d. It
a ftone
e 45
at. $2
‘rance,
on the
Bearn,
[t now
Pyre-
ted on
miles
at. 44
ooftan
$ and
. the
Cafh-
» Its
es b
wild,
ulent
al of
sports
nanu-
nark.
$ air,
it it,
sabal,
miles
drid °
BIN
BILDESTON, a town in Suffolk, with
a market on Wednefday. It has a large
church, about a quarter of a mile from
the town, and is feated on the river Bre-
ton. It was formerlv noted for Suffolk
blues, and blankets, out now almoft the
only bufinefs. of the town is fpinning of
yarn. It is 12 miles sz of Bury, and
63 NE of London. Lon. o §5 8£, lat.
52 16 N.
BILEDULGERID, acountry of Barbary,
beunded on the n by Tunis, on the £ by
Tripoli, on the s by Guergula, and on
the w by Tuggurt. It lies between 5
and 119° E lon. and 28 and 32° N lat.
The air is very hot; but though the foil
is dry, it yields a great deal of barley.
BiLEVELT, a town of Weftphalia, in
the county of Ravenfburg, feven miles
sz of Ravenfburgh. Lon. 8 50 g, lat.
§2 10 N,
BILLericay, a town in Effex, with
a market on Tuefday. It is feated ona
hill, which commands a beautiful profpect,
over a rich valley, to the Thames, nine
miles sw of Chelmsford, and 23 £ of
London. Lon. o 31 £, lat. 51 30 N.
BILLomM, a town of France, in the
desartment of Puy-de-Dome and late
province of Auvergne, feated on an emi-
nence, 15 miles sz of Clermont. Lon.
3 28 E, lat. 45 41 N.
BitMa, a vatt burning defert of Africa,
to the se of Fezzan, between 21 and 25°
N lat.
BILSDEN, a town in Leicefterfhire,
with a market on Friday, nine miles
sE of Leiceiter, and 96 N by w of Lon-
don. Lon. o 51 W, lat. 52 35 N.
Bitson, a town of Weftphalia, in the
bithepric of Liege, on the river Demer,
15 miles Nof Liege. Lon. 5 29 g, lat.
50 SON.
Bimini, one of the Bahama iflands,
near the Channel of Bahama, eight miles
in length, and as much in breadth. It
is very difficult of accefs on account of
the fhoals, but is a very plcafant place,
and inhabited by the native Americans,
Lon. 79 30 WwW, fat. 250N.
BIMLEPATAM, a feaport of Golconda,
in the Deecan of Hindooftan, feated on
the bay of Bengal, 12 miles Nn of Vita-
gapatam. The Dutch have a faétory
here. Lon. 83 5 8, lat. 1380 N.
Brnaros, a town of Spain, in Va-
lencia, remarkable for good wine; feated
near the Mediterranean, 20 miles s of
Tortofa. Lon. 0 35 8, lat. 40 33 .N.
BinBROKE, a town in Lincolnhhire,
with a market on Wednefday, and two
churches. It is 30 miles Nz of Lin-
BIR
coln, and 161 Nof London. Lon. oo,
lat. 53 30 N.
BincH, a fortified town of Auftrian
Hainault, nine miles BE of Mons. Lon.
415 E, lat. 50 24.N.
BinCHESTER, a village on the river
Were, near Durham. By feveral in-
{criptions and monuments, it appears to
have been the Roman Vinovium; many
Roman coins are dug up here, which are
called Binchefter Pennies; and two altars
have been difcovered, importing, that the
zoth legion was ftationed in this place.
BINCAZA, a feaport of Africa, ‘in the
kingdom of Tripoli, 140 miles w of
Derna. Lon. 19 10 £, lat. 32 20 N.
BINFIELD, a village in Berkhhire, in
Windfor Foreft, three miles N by E of
Okingham. It was the fcene of Pope's
youthtul days, and here he wrote his
Wind{or Foreft.
BINGEN, an ancient town of Germany,
in the archbifhopric of Mentz, feated on
the confluence of the Nahe and Rhine,
with a ftone bridge over the former. It
was taken by the French in 1794, and is
15 miles w by s of Mentz. Lon. 808,
lat. 49 49 N.
BINGHAM, a town in Nottinghamhhire,
with a fmall market on Thuriday, nine
miles £ of Nottingham, and 120 N by w
of London. Lon. o 51 w, lat. 52 58 N.
BIORNEBURG, a town of Sweden, in
Finland, near the mouth of the Kune,
in the gulf of Bothnia, 75 miles n of
Abo. Lon. 22 5 £, lat. 61 42 N.
Bir, or BEER, a town of Turkey in
Afia, in Diarbeck, witha caftle, where the
governor refides. #t ftands on the Eu-
phrates, near a high mountain, in a frui¢-
tul country. They have a particular kind
of vultures, fo tame, that they fit an the
tops of houfes, and even in the ftreets,
without fear of difturbance. It is sa
miles NE of Aleppo.
BIRKENFELD, a town of Germany,
capital of a county of the fame name, in
the circle of the Upper Rhine. It was
taken by the French in 1794, and ‘ig
feated near the river Nahe, 22 miles se
of Treves. Lon. 7 14 8, lat. 49 55 N.
BIRMINGHAM, a large town in War-
wickfhire, with a market on Thuriday,
It is no corporation, and therefore free
for any perfon to fettle there; which has
contributed greatly to its flourithing
ftate. The town ftands on the fide of a
hill, forming nearly a half-moon. _ The
lower part is filled with workfhops and
warehoufes, and confifts chiefly of old
buildings. The upper part contains many
new and regular ftreets, and a hand-
beg ‘ 8 y)
BIS
fome fquare. It has two churches; one
in the lower part of the town, which is
an ancient building, with a lofty {pire ;
the other, a grand modern ftruéture,
having a fquare ftone tower, with a
cupola, and turret above it; it has alfo
two chapels and feveral meeting-houfes.
It had an elegant theatre, which was de-
ftroyed by fire in 1792. The hardware
manufastures of Birmingham have been
noted for a confiderable period; but of
late years, by great additions to its
trade from a vaft variety of articles, fuch
as metal buttens, buckles, plated goods,
japanned and paper ware, &c. it has
riten to be fuperior in population to any
of the modern trading towns in England.
It is plentifully fupplied with coal by
means of a canal to Wednefbury ; and it
has a communication with the Great
Trunk from the Trent to the Severn, by
a branch paifing by Wolverhampton.
The Birmingham goods are exported in
great quantities to foreign countries,
where, in point of cheapnefs and fhow
united, they are unrivalled. The im-
roved fteam engines, made here b
Bolton and Watt, deferve to rank high
among the productions of human inge-
nuity: their application to various me-
chanica! purpotes, and particularly to the
draining of mines, places them among
the moft valuable inventions of the age.
Birmingham is 17 miles nw of Coventry
and 116 of London. Lon. 1 50 w, lat.
$2 30 N.
BirVIESCA, a town of Spain, in Old
Caftile, 15 miles N of Burgos. Lon. 3
30 W, lat. 42 35 N.
Brrza, a town of Polard, in Samo-
gitia, 42 miles sz of Mittau. Lon. 24
50 Ey lat. 56 12 N.
Bisacctia, a town of Naples, in Prin-
cipato Ulteriore, with a bifhop's fee, 15
miles NE of Conza. Lon. 15 40 £, lat.
41 3N. f
_ Biscay, a province of Spain, bounded
on the N by the bay of Bilcay, on the gz
by Upper Navarre, on the s by Old
Caftile, and on the w by the Afturias.
It contains three divifions; Bifcay Proper,
Guipufcoa, and Alava. It is 27 miles
in both length and breadth, and produces
apples, oranges, and citrons; it has alfo
wood for building fhips, and mines of
iron and lead. The Bifcayers are the beit
feamen of Spain. They have a parti-
cular language, which has no affinity
with any other in Europe. Bilboa is the
capital,
_ Biscay, Bay oF, an extenfive bay
of the Atlantic, between Cape Ortegal,
BIS
in lon. 7 35 W, lat. 43 48 N, and the
ifle of Ufhant, in lon. 5 0 w, lat. 48 30 N.
Biscay, New, a province of N Ame-
rica, in Mexico, noted for its filver-mines.
BIsCHOFISHEIM; a town of Germany,
in the archbifhopric of Mentz, on the river
Tauber, two miles w of Wurtzburg.
Lon. 9 10 £, lat. 49 40 N.
Biscuors ZELL, a town of Swiffer-
land, in Thurgau, with a caftle. ‘The
inhabitants are independent, and go-
verned by a fupreme council. The bai-
liff of the bifhop of Conftance, who refides
in the caftle, hae jurifdiStion over the
Roman catholic fubjects. The protett-
ants, as fuch, are under the proteétion
of Zuric and Bern, and of thefe the
reateft part of the inhabitants confifts.
he fame church, however, is ufed by
both religions. It is feated at the con-
fluence of the Sitter and Thur, 12 miles s
of Conftance. Lon. 9 13 8, lat. 47 27 N.
BIscHWEILLEN, a fortrefs of France,
in the department of Upper Rhine and
late province of Alface, five miles w of
the Rhine. Lon. 7 51 £, lat. 48 40 N.
BiseGuia, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Bari, with a bifhop’s fee, near the
gulf of Venice, fix miles — of Trani.
Lon. 16 45 8, lat. 41 28 N.
Biserra, a feaport of the kingdom of
Tunis, near the place where Utica once
ftood, 37 miles Nw of Tunis. Lon. 9
46 BE, lat. 37 10 N.
BisHOP AND HIs CLERKS, dangerous
rocks on the coaft of Pembrokefhire, near
St. David’s. Lon. 5 20 W, lat. 51 57 N.
BisHops-AUCKLAND. See AUCK-
LAND.
BisHops-CasTLE, a borough in Shrop-
fhire, with a market on Friday, much
frequented by the Welth. It fends two
members to parliament, and is feated near
the river Clun, eight miles & of Mont-
gomery, and 152 wNw of London. Lon.
2 55 W, lat. 52 22°N.
BisHOPs-STORTFORD. See SToRT-
FORD.
BIsIGNANO, a town of Naples, in
Calabria Citeriore, with a fort, and a
bifhop’s fee. It is feated on a motn-
tain, near the river Boccona, 18 miles nN
of Cofenza, and 133 SE of Naples. Lon.
16 20 B, lat. 39 38 N.
Bisiey, a village in Surry, noted for
a fpring called St. John Baptift’s Well,
the waters of which is faid to be colder
than any other in f{ummer, and warmer in
winter. It is three miles n of Woking.
BisnaGur, a town of the ‘oentiula
of Hindooftan, in Myfore, feated on the
river Tungebadra, “It was the capital
ind the
8 30N.
J Ame-
-mines.
rmany,
he river
taburg.
swiller-
, Tie
1 0-
he ei
refides
yer the
proteft-
tection
fe the
onfifts.
fed by
he con-
miles $
127 N.
Trance,
ne and
Ww of
40 N.
Terra
ar the
Trani.
Jom of
a once
On. 9
gerous
P, Near
57 N.
UCK-
Bhrop-
much
Ss two
d near
font-
‘Lon.
ORT-
8, in
da
oun-
les N
Lon.
d for
ell,
older
er in
ing.
‘ fala
nh the
pital
BLA
of the ancient kingdom of Narfingay and
when vifited by Cefar Frederic in 1567,
was a large city. It is 140 miles BE by 8
of Goa. Lon, 76 10 By lat. 15 30 N.
Bissacos, a clutter of iflands on the
coait of Negroland, 200 miles se of the
river Gambia, in 11° Bb lat.
BistRicz, atown of Tranfylvania, on
the river Biftricz, 142 miles NE of Co-
lofwar. Lon. 25 3 Ey lat. 47 33 N.
Bitcue, a fortified town of France, in
the department of Moielle and late pro-
vince of Lorrain, with a caftle, on are i.
It is feated at the foot of a mountain, near
the Schwelb, 30 miles Nn by w of Straf-
burg. Lon. 7 44 £, lat. 49 5 N.
BitETo, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Bari, 11 miles ssw of Bari. Lon. 16
44 E, lat. 41 ON.
BiTonto, an epiicopal town of Naples,
in Terra di Bari, 10 miles wsw of
Bari, and 117 E by n of Naples. Lon.
16 30 E, lat. 41 6 N.
BLACKBANK, a town of Ireland, in
the county of Armagh, feven miles s of
Armagh. Lon. 6 35 Wy lat. 54 20 N.
BLACKBURN, a town in Lancafhire,
with a market on Monday. It has its
name from the brook Blackwater, which
runs through it. It carries on a vaft trade
in calicoes for printing, and is feated near
the Derwent, 12 miles Ff of Prefton, and
203 NNw of London. Lon. 2 35 Ws
lat. 53 42 Ne
Biack Forest, a foreft of Germany,
in the w of the circle of Suabia. It is
part of the ancient Hercynian foreft.
BLACKHEATH, an elevated plain, five
miles sz of London, commanding beau-
tiful profpeéts, and adorned with hand-
‘fome villas. On this heath Wat Tyler
muftered 100,000 rebels: and on the
fkirts of it is Morden College tor de-
cayed merchants.
BriackPoo., a village in Lancafhire,
near Poulton, much reforted to for fea-
bathing.
Brack SgEa,. the ancient Euxine,
bounded on the N by Catharinenflaf,
Taurica, and the fea of Afoph; on the
E by Mingrelin, Circaflia, and Georgia ;
on the s by Natolia; and on the w by Ro-
mania, Bulgaria, and Beflarabia. It lice
between 33 and 44° 8 lon. and 42 and
46° N lat.
- BLACKWATER,. 2 river of Ixeland,
running through the counties of Cork
and Waterford into Youghall Bay.
BLACKWATER, a river in Effex, which
rifes in the nw of the county, and
flowing by Bockings oggefhal, and Kel-
vedon, is joined by the Chelmer at Malden,
BLA
and enters the eftuary, to which it gives
the name of Blackwater Bay.
Buiairk ATHOL, a village in Perththire,
in an angle formed by the rivers Tilt and
Garry. Clofe by it is Blair Caitle, a no-
ble feat of the duke of Athol; and
in its vicinity are many fine waterfalls.
Blair Athol is 28 miles nw of Perth.
Buiaisors, a late province of France,
bounded on the N by Beauce, on. the £
by Orleanois, on the s by Berry, and on
the w by Touraine. It now forms the
department of Loir and Cher.
BLAMONT, a town of France, in the
department of Meurthe and late province
of Lorrain, feated on the Vezouze, 12
miles s of Luneville. Lon. 6 52 £, lat.
48 40.N.
BLANC, a town of France, in the de-
artment of Indre and late province of
erry, with a caftle, feated on the
Creufe, 35 miles g of Poitiers. Lon. 1
13 EB, lat. 46 38 N.
BLANCA, an uninhabited ifland to the
Nw of Margaretta, near Terra Firma.
Lon. 64 30 W, lat. 11 50 N.
Bianco, a cape of S America, in
Patagonia. Lon. 64 42 w, ht. 47 20 S.
BLANCO, a cape of Peru, on the
South Sea, 120 miles sw of Guiaquil.
Lon. 83 0 w, lat. 345 s.
BLANCO, a cape of Africa, on the At-
lantic Ocean, 180 miles N of the river
Senegal. Lon. 17 ro wy, lat. 20 55 N.
BLANDFORD, a corporate town in
Dorfetthire, with a market on Saturday.
In 1731, almoft all the town was burnt
down; but it was foon rebuilt. It has
@ manufacture of fhirt buttons, more of
which are made here than in any other
place in England. It is pleafantly feated
on the river Stour, near the Downs, 18
miles NE of Dorchefter, and 104 w by 8
of London. Lon. 2 14 w, lat. 50 53 N.-
BLANgs, a feaport of Catalonia, in
Spain, near the river Tordera, 20 mil®
s of Gironne. Lon. 2 50 £, lat. 41 40 N.
BLANKENBERG, a town and fort of
the Auftrian Netherlands, fituate on the
German Ocean, eight miles NE of Oitend.
Lon. 3 4 £, lat. 51 22 Ne
BLANKENBERG, a town of Weftphalia,
in the duchy of Burg, 12 -miles & of
Bonn. Lon. 7 308, lat. 50 42. N.
BLANKENBURG, a town-of Germany,
in the circle of Lower Saxony, capital of
a county of the fame name, Lubjeck to the
duke of Brunfwick Wolfenbuttle. .. It
is 45 miles sz of Wolfenbuttle. Lon.
II 10 By lat. 52 sq’N.
BuAREGNIES. See MALPLAQURT.-
BLAUBEUREN, a town of Suabia, in
BLO
the duchy of Wirtemburg, 11 miles w
of Ulm. Lon. 9 55 £, lat. 48 22 N.
Baye, an ancient town of Franee, in
the department of Gironde and late pro-
vince of Guienne. It has a good citadel ;
and is feated on the Gironde, which is
here 3800 yards wide. Its trade confilts
in the wines of the adjacent country. Its
harbour is much frequented, and the fhips
which go to Bourdeaux are obliged to
leave their guns here. It is 17 miles N
of Bourdeaux. Lon. o 35 Ww, lat. 45 7N.
BLecHINGLY, a borough in Surry,
that fends two members to parliament,
but has no market. It is feated on a
hill, which commands extenfive profpects,
20 miles § of London. Lon. o 0, lat. 5:
BSN. ;
BLENHEIM, a village in Suabia, me-
morable for the victory over the French,
gine Auguit 2, 1704, by the duke of
larlborough. It is feated on the Da-
nube, three miles ne ot Hochitet, and 27
NE of Ulm. Lon. 10 35 £, lat. 48 40 N.-
BLENHEIM Cast LE, near Woodftock,
in Oxtordfhire, a magnificent palace, built
tor the great duke ot Marlborough, at
the expence of the nation, in commemo-
ration of his victory at Blenheim. The
family hold it by the tenure of delivering
a French banner at Windtor, on each an-
niverfary of this victory.
BiockzyL, a town of the United
Provinces, in Chryflel, with a fort ;
feated at the a of the Aa, on the
Zuider Zee, v- acre is a good havhour,
eight miles NW of Steenwick. Lon. 5
39 E, lat. 52 44.N.
Bois, an ancient commercial city of
France, in the department of Loir and
Cher and late province of Blaifois. ‘The
cethedral is a large ftruéture, feated at
one extremity of the city, on an eminence
whofe declivity, toward the centre of the
city, joins that of another eminence at the
other end, on which is built a magnificent
eaftle ; fo that both thele ftruGtures form,
as it were, the two horns of a crefcent.
In this catile was born the good Lewis
x41; and here, in 1588, Henry 111 caufed
the duke of Guile, and his brother the
cardinal, to be affatfinated. Here are.
fome fine tountains, and a new bridge,
one of the beft in France. Blois is an
epifcopal fee, and the terrace of the
bifhop’s palace affords a charming walk.
This city has the reputation of being one
of thofe in which the French language is
fpoken with the greateft purity; but this
taut be underftood of perfons’ who have
received a liberal education. It is feated
on the Loire, 47 miles w of. Tours, and
BON
100 sw of Paris.
35N.
Bioweiz, a town of Poland, in Ma-
fovia, 20 miles w of Warfaw. Lon. 20
35 Ey lat. 52 10N.
BLYTH, a town in Nottinghamfhire,
with a market on Thurfday. Heve are
Lon. 3 25 £, lat. 47
fome remains of a caftle and priory. It °
is 23 miles NNW of Newark, und 146 N
by woof London. Lon. 1 10 w, Iat. 53
22N.-
BoBENHAUSEN, a town of Germany,
in Weteravia, with a caftle, {cated on the
river Gerfbrentz, three miles Sz ot Franc-
fort on the Maine.
‘ Bosro, an epitcopal town of Italy, in
the Milanefe, feated on the river ‘T'rebia,
25 miles se of Pavia. Lon.9 12 &, lat.
44 45.N.
Bonito, the largeft river of Chili, in S
America. Ithasits fource in the Andes,
and falls into the fea in 47° s lat.
-Bocat, a valley of Syria, in Afia, in
which arethe famous ruins of Balbec. It
is more fertile than the celebrated vale of
Damaticus, and better watered than the
rich plains of Rama and Efdraclon.
Bocca-Cuica, the entrance into the
harbour of Carthagena, in S America.
It is defended by feveral forts, which were
all taken by the Englifh in 1741.
Bocca-pEL-DRAGO, a ftrait, between
the ifland of Trinidad and Andalufia in
Terra Firma, in-S America.
BocuettTa, achain of mountains, in
the territory of Genoa, over which is the
road trom Lombardy to Genoa. On the
peak ef the higheft mountain is a pais,
which will hardly admit three men to go
abreaft: this 4 is, properly, the Bo-
chetta; for the defence of which there
are three forts. It is‘the kcyof Genoa,
and was taken in 1746 by the Auf-
trians.-: -
BockHOLT, a town of Weftphalia, in
the diocete of Muniter, 20 miles E of
Cleves. - Lon. 6 22 £, lat. 51 42 N.
Bockina, a large village in Effex,
adjoining to Brainttee. Its church is.
deanery; and here is a very large meeting,
houfe. It has a great ‘manufaéiure of
bays, and is 41 miles NE of London.
Lon, o 40£, lat. 51 56.N.
Bopmin, a borough in Cornwall, with
a market on Saturday. It is governed by
a mayor; and here the fummer atflizes are:
held. It fends two members to parlia-
ment, and is 32 miles nz of Falmouth,
and 234 W by s of London. Lon. 4 40
W, lat. 50 32 N. }
Bopon, a fortified town of Turkey in
Europe, ia Bulgaria, with an archbithop’s
BOK
fee; feated on the Danube, 26 miles w
of Viden. Lon. 23 54.8, lat. 44 10N,
Boprocu, a town of Hungary, on the
Danube, 100 miles se of Buda, Lon.
19 §2 £, lat. 4§ §§.N.
Boescuor, a towh of Auftrian Bra-
bant, feated on the river Nethe, 12 miles
NE of Mechiin. Lon. 4 42 &, lat. 51
3N.
Bos, a river of Poland, which runs
through Podolia and Budziac Tartary,
falling into the Black Sea, between Ocza-
kow and the river Dnieper.
BoD LI0, a town of Ituly, in the county
of Nice, 25 miles NW of Nice. Lon. 7
6 E, lat. 442N,
Bocovo, the capital of New Granada,
in Terra Firma, in S America, near
which are gold mines. Lon. 73 53 Wy;
lat. go N.
Bowemtia, a kingdom of Europe,
bounded on the N by Miinia and Lulatia,
on the £ by Siletia and Moravia, on the 5
by Auttria, and on the w by Bavaria.
Ii is 200 miles in length, and 150 in
breadth, and is fertile in corn, faffron,
hops, and pafture. In the mountains are
mines of gold and filver, and, in fome
places, diamonds, granates, copper, and
lead. The Roman catholic religion is
the principal; but there are many pro-
teftants. The chief rivers are the Mul-
daw, Elbe, and Oder. Their language
is Sclavonian, with a mixture of German.
It is fubje&t to the houfe of Auttria, and
the capital is Prague.
BOHOL, one of the Philippine Iflands,
to the N of Mindanao. Lon. 122 § £,
lat. 10 ON.
Bojapor, a cape of Africa, in Ne-
groland, difccvered by the Portuguefe in
1412, and doubled by them in 1433.
Lon. 14. 27 Wy, lat. 26 12N.
Bo1ano, an epilcopal town of Naples,
in the Molife, at the foot of the Appen-
nines, near the river Tilerno, 45 miles n of
Naples. Lon. 14 40 £, lat. 41 30 N. |
Boirnirz,a town ot Upper Hungary,
in the ceunty of Zoll, remarkable for its
baths, und the quantity of faffron.about
it. Ion. 19 10 B, lat. 48 42N.
Buis-Le-Dvc, a large fortified town
ef Dutch Brabant, between the Dommel
and Aa. It is the capital of a diftrif of
the fame name, which contains alfo the
cities of Helmont and Eyndhoven. It
was taken by the Dutch in 1629, and. by
the French in 1794. It is fituate. among
morafles, 22 miles £ by N of Breda, 45
NE of Antwerp, and 45 ssg of Amifter-
dam. Lon.5 162, lat. 51, 40 N.
Bokwara, a city of Ufbec Tartary,
BOL
capital of Bokharia. It is large and pe- ’'
pulous, featef on a rifing ground, with
flender wail of earth, and a dry ditch.
The houfes are low, and moitly built of
mud; but the caravanfaries and mofques,.
which are numerous, are all of brick. ‘The
bazars, or market-places, have been ftately
buildings ; but the greateit part of them
are now in ruins, Here is alioa ftately.
huilling for the education of the priefts.
Great numbers. of Jews and Arabians tre-
quent this place; but the khan teizes om
their pofleflions at his pleaiure. It is 138
miles w by s of Samarcand. Lon. 65 5a
E, lat. 39 15. N.
BokuHaRtia, BOcHARta, or BUCHA=
RiA, a diltrigt of Ufbec Tartary, which
fee. Bokhara is the capital.
BoLaBOLa, one of thi: Society Iflands,
in the S Pacitic Ocean, four leagues, NW
of Otaha. Lon. 151 52 w, lat. 36 32 §.
Bo.cuERzESK, a town of Kamtichatka,
on the river Bolchoireka, 22 miles from
its mouth, in the fea of Okothk. Lon.
156 37 Ey lat. 52 54N.
BoOLesLaPe, or BUNTZLAU, a town
of Silefia, on the Bobar, 17 miles ng of
Lignitz. Lon. 16 10 £, lat. 51 12 N.
BOLINGBROKE, a town in Lincolne
fhire, with a market on Tuefday, feated
at the fource of a river, which falls into
the Witham. It is noted for being the
birthplace of Henry rv; and is 29 miles
E of Lincoln, and 131°‘N by E of London.
Lon. 0 7 £, lat. 53 12 N.
BoLisLaw, a town of Bohemia, 30
miles NE of Prague. Lon. 15 22 &, lat,
50 25 N.
Botkwu'rz, a town of Silefia, 12
miles s of Glogaw. Lon. 16 29 By late
51 58 N.
BoLocna, an antient city of Italy,
capital of the Bolognefe, with an arch-
bilhop’s fee, and auniverfity.. There are
a great number of palaces, particular!
the Palazzo Publico, in which the cardi-
nal legate, or viceroy of the pope, refides.
In the area before this palace, is anoble
marble fountain, the principal figure of
which, a Neptune in bronze, eleven feet
high, the workmanihip of Giovanni di
Bologna, is highly efteemed... The uni-
verfity is one of the mott.ancient and cele.
brated in Europe; and the academy for
_ the arts and {ciences, founded at the com-
mencement of the prefent.century. by count
Marfigli, is wotthy the attention of a
_ftranger. The anatomical threatre, be-
fide its mufeum, is adorned with ftatues
of celebrated phyficians. The.churchiof
St. Petronius is the lergeft in Bologna;
aud onthe peremet of this, Caimi drew
BOM
his meridian line. There are 168 other
churches. Though the nobility are not
sich, many of their palaces are furnifhed
in a magnificent tafte, and contain paint-
ings of great value; the palaces having
been built and ornamented when the fami-
lies ef the proprietors were richer, and
when the fineft works of architeéture and
printing could be procured on eaficr terms.
he private houles are well built ; and
the ity contains 80,000 inhabitants.
They carry on a confiderable trade in filks
and velvets, which sre manufactured here
in great perfection. The furrounding
country produces immenfe quantities of
oil, wine, flax, and hemp, and furnithes
all. Burope with faufages, macaroni,
liqueurs, effences, and even lapdogs. The
siver Remo, which runs near the city,
turns 400 mills for the filk-works; and
there isa canal hence tothe Po. Bologna
was taken by the French in 1796. It is
feated at the toot of the Appennines, 22
miles sz of Modena, and 175. NW of
Rome. Lon. 11 218, lat. 44 30 N.
BOLocnzsE, a provinee of Italy, in
the territory of the church, bounded on
the n by the Ferrarefe, on the w by Mo-
dena, on the s by Tufcany, and on the £
by Romagna. It is watered by many
fmall rivers, and produces all forts. of
grain and fruits, particularly mufeadine
grapes, which are in high efteem. Some
miles before tive entrance, into Bologna,
the country feems one continued garden.
‘The vineyards are not divided by hedges,
but by rows of elms and mulberry trees ;
the vines hanging in feftcons, from one
tree to another, in a beautiful manner.
There are alfo mines ef alum and iron.
Bologna is the capital.
BOLSENNA, a town of Italy, on a
lake of the fame name, in the patrimony
of St. Peter, 45 miles n of Rome. Lon.
32 13 £, lat. 42 38N.
BoLswaERT, a town of the United
- Provinces, in Friefland, eight miles » of
Slooten. Lon. 525 £, lat. 53 3N.
BOLTON, a town in Lancafhire, with
a market on Monday. It has been en.
riched by the manufacture of fuftians and
counterpanes; and quantities of dimities
and mutlins are alfo made here. It is.11
miles’ NW of Manehetter, and 239 NNw
-@f London. Lon. 2 35 w, lat. 53 33 N.
BOLZANO, a town of Germany, in
the Tirol, on the river Bifach, 27 miles
-.N of Trent. Lon. 1126 8, lat. 46 35N.
BoMAL, a town of Aultrian Luxem.
burg, on the river Ourt, 20 miles s of
Liege. Lon. 5 38 £, lat. go 18 N.
«OM BAY., an ifland of Hindcoftan, on
2
BON
the w coaft of the Deccan, feven mites in
length, and 20 in circumference. It
came to the Englifh by the marriage of
Charles 11 with Catharine of Portugal.
It contains a ftroag and capacious tor.
treis, a large city, dockyard, and marine
arfenal. The ground is barren, and goed
water fearce. It was formerly counted
very unhealthy; but, by draining the
boys, and other methods, the air is altered
for the better. It has abundance of cocoa-
nuts, but fearce any corn or cattle. The
inhabitants are of feveral nations, and
very numercus. It is one of the three
prefidencies of the Englith E India Com-
pany, by which their oriental territories
are governed, and is 150 miles $ of
Surat. Lon. 72 38 £, lat. 18 58 N.
BomMENE, a feaport of the United Pro-
vinces, in Zealand, on the N fhore of the
ifland of Schowen. Lon. 40 £, lat. 53
42 N.
BomMEL, a town of the United Pro-
vinces, in the ifle of Overflacke, feven
miles w of Williarnftadt.
BomMEL, a town of Dutch Guelder-
land, in the ifland of Bommel-Waert,
eg on the Waal, fix miles NE of Huei-
en.
BomMEL-WAERT, an ifland of Dutch
Guelderland, formed by the junétion of
the Waal and the Maefe. It is 15 miles.
long and five broad. It was taken b
rince Maurice in 1600; by the Fren
in 1672; and by the French again in
1794.
Bowasns, an. ifland of S America,
near the n coaft of Terra Firma, to the
SE of Curacao. It belongs to the Dutch.
Lon. 68 18 w, lat. 12 16 N.
BoNAVENTURA,a bay, harbour, and
fort of S America, in Popayan, go miles
E of Cali. Lon. 75 18 w, lat. 3 20 N.
Bonavista, one of the Cape de Verd
Iflands. Lon. 23 47 W, lat. 160 N. .
Bonavista, a cape on the E fide of
the ifland of Newfoundland.
BonrFacio, a feaport of Corfica, well
fortified, and populous; 37 miles s of
Ajaceio. Lon. 9 20 £, lat. 41 25 N.
Bonn, an ancient city of Germany,
in the electorate of Cologne. It is the
favourite refidenee of the elector, whofe
magnificent gardens are open to the pub-
jic. It contains 12;000 inhabitants, and
hasa flonrifhing uaiverfity. It was taken
by the duke of Marlborough in 1703,
and by the French in 1794. It is feated
on the Rhine, 10 miles s:by £ of Cologne.
Lon. 7 12 £, lat. 5045 §.
Bonna, or Bona, a feaport of Africa,
in the kingdomof Algicrs. It was takn
BOR
by Charles v, in 1535, and is 200 miles
pof Algiers. Lon. 615 8, lat. 362N.
BONNESTABLE, a town of France, in '
the department of Sarte and late province
of Maine, 35 miles nz of Mans. Lon.
© 30 E, lat. 48 11 N.
BONNEVAL, « tcevn of France, in the
department of Eure and Loire and late
bbe of Beauce. It had Jasely a fine
enediftine abbey, and is feated on the
Loire, eight miles x of Chateaudun. Lon.
2 20 By lat. 48 12 N.
BONNEVILLE, a town of Savoy, capi-
tal of Faucigny, feated on the river Arve,
at the foot of a mountain called the Mole.
It is 20 miles s of Geneva. Lon. 6 10
W, lat. 46 342 Ne
Boopce-soopcs, a town of Hin-
dooitan Proper, capital of the rajah of
Cutch, 330 miles ng of Surat. Lon. 68
©, lat. 23 16N.
Booran, a country NE of Hindooftan
Proper, between Bengal and Thibet, of
which laft it is a feudatory. The
fouthernmoft ridge of the Bootan moun-
tains rifes near a mile and a half per-
endicular above the plains of Bengal,
in a horizontal diftance of only 15 miles;
and trom the fummit the aftonithed tra-
veller looks back on the plains, as on an
extenfive ocean beneath him. The capital
is Taffafudon.
| BOPFINGEN, a free imperial town of
Suabia, on the river Eger, four miles £
of Awlan. Lon. 10 21 B, lat. 48 55 N.
Boppart, a town of Germany, in the
archbifhopric of Treves, at the foot of a
mountain, near the Rhine, eight miles s of
Coblentz. Lon.7 35 8, lat. 50 16 N.
Borcn, a town of the duchy of
Magdeburg, on the Elbe, 14 miles nz
et Magdeburg. Lon. 12 2 £, lat. 52 19 W.
BORCHLOEN, a town of Weftphalia,
in the bithopric of Liege, 15 miles Nw
of Liege. Lon. 5 31 £, lat. 50 50 N.
Borenam, & village in Effex, three
miles NE of Chelmstord. Here is a ve-
nerable feat belonging to the family of
Olmius, which was built by Henry viu,
who gave it the name of Beaulieu; not-
_withitandjng which it has ever fince re-
‘tained the original name of the manor
Newhall. The greateft part of it was
pulled down by the firft lord Waltham.
Borco, a town of Sweden, on the
guif of Finland, 20 miles ne of Hel-
fingfore. Lon. 25 40 E, lat. 60 34 N.
ORGOFORTE, a town of Italy, in the
duchy of Mantua, on the river Po, 10 miles
6 of Mantua. Loh, to 53 8, lat. 450 N.
' Borgo-San-Domino, an_ ¢pifcopal
“town of Italy; it the'duchy of Partha, t5
BOR
miles Nw of Parma. Lon. 10 6 &, lat.
44 58 N.
Borco-pt-San-SePuLcHRo, anepil-
copal town of Tufcany, 40 miles g of
Florence. Lon. 12 7 £, lat. 43 32 N. °
BORGO-VAL-DI-TARO, a town of
Italy, in the duchy of Parma, 20 miles $
Ww of Parma. Lon. 10 16 8, lat. 44 30 N.
Borja, a town of Spain, in Arragong
12 miles se of Tarazona, Lon. 1 16
w, lat. 426 N.
BoriQuen, an ifland of the W Indies,
near Porto-Rico, The Englith fettled here,
but were expelled by the Spaniards. It
is uninhabited, though fertile, and the
water good, Here is a great number of
land crabs, whence fome call it Crab
Ifand. Lon, 66 o w, lat. 18 0 N.
BorkeE.Lo, a ftrong town of the
United Provinces, in Zutphen, on the
tiver Borkel, 10 miles & of Zutphen.
Lon. 6 18 &, lat. 52 13 N. ;
Bormio, a town of the country of the
Grifons, capital of a county of the fame
name. It is feated at the foot of the
niountains, clofe to the torrent Fredolfo,
which falls at a {mall diftance into the
Adda. It contains about 1000 inhabi-
tants, and has a defolate appearance. The
houfes are of ftone plaftered: a few make
a tolerasie figure amid. many with paper
wiruows ; and feveral, like the Italian cot-
tages, have only wooden window fhut-
ters. It is go miles sz of Coire. Leon.
10 5 By lat. 46 25 N.
Borneo, an ifland in the Indian
Ocean, diicovered by the Portugueie in
1521, and formerly thought to be the
largeft in the world, being 1800 miles
in circumference. The inland country
is mountainous; but toward the fea low
and marfhy. It produces rice, peppers
fruits, diamonds, gold, pearls, and bees-
wax, which laft is uled inftead of money 3
and the famous orangoutang is a native
of this ifland. The people are very
fwarthy, and go almoft naked. There
are Mahometans on the feacoaft; but the
reft are. Gentoos. The E India Com-_
pany had faStories here; but differences
arifing between them and the natives, they
were driven away, or murdered: however,
in 1772, the Englith obtained a grant,
from the Sooloos, of the N part of this
ifland. The feacoaft is ulually overflowed
half the year, and when the waters go
off, the earth is covered with mud; for
which reafon, fome of the hotfes are
buile on floats, and others‘on high pillars.
The capital, of the fame name, is large and
populous, with a good harbour, and feated
on the sw fide. via 12278, lat.455%.
2
BOR
, Bornitoum, an ifland of the Baltic
Gea, so miles se of Schonen in Sweden.
Lon. 14 56 £, lat. 54 55 WN.
Borxov, an exteniive country in
Africa, bounded on the nw by Fezzan,
on the Nn “by the defert of Bilma, on the
SE by Cafhna, and on the sw by Nubia.
"The climate is faid to be characterized
by exceffive, though not by uniform heat.
wo feafons, one commencing foon after
the middle of Apri], the other at the
fame period in Oétober, divide tic year.
The firft is introduced by violent winds,
Ahat bring with them, from the sz and s,
an intenie heat, with a deluge of fultry
rain, and fuch tempefts of thunder and
lightning as deftroy multitudes of the cat-
tle and many of the people. At the
commencement of the fecond feafon, the
ardent heat fubfides ; the air becones foft
and mild, and the weather per:eétly ‘e-
rene. The complexion of the natives is
black ; but they are not of the negro caft.
The drefs of the greater part confilts of
Shirts of blue cotton manufactured in the
country, of a red cap imported trom
Tripoli, and a white muflin turban trom
Cairo, Nofe-rings of gold are worn by the
principal people. But the only covering
of the poorer fort, is foretimes a kind
ef girdle for the waift. They cultivate
Indian corn, the horfe-bean of Europe,
the common kidneybean, cotton, hemp, and
indige. They have figs, grapes, apricots,
omegranates, lemons, limes, «nd inclons.
‘he moft valuable tree is called Redeynah,
in form and height like an clive, the
leaf refeimbling that of a lemon, and
bearing a nut, the kernel and fhell of
which are im great eftimation; the firit
as a fruit, the laft on account of the
eil it produces. Hortes, afies, mules,
dogs, horned cattle, yoats, fheep, and
camels (of the flefh of which they are
very fond) are the common aniials.
Their bees are fo numerous, that the
‘wax is often thrown awey as an article
ef novalue. Their game contifts of the
god e, wild duck, and oftrich, the
efh of which they prize above every
others: Their other wild anim?'s are the
lion, leopard, civet cat, woif, fox; the
elephant, which is not common, and of
which they make no uie; the antelope, ©
cameleopardalis, crocodile, and hippope-
tamus. They are much infefed with
dnakes, {corpions, centipedes, end toads:
More than thirty different languages are
faid to be fpoken in Bornou and its dee
pendencies; and the reigning religion is
the Mahometan. Their monarchy is
elective. On the death of the fovercign,
‘
Fas
BOR
the privilege of choofing a fucceffor from
among his fons, is conferred on threg
perfons, whoie age, and charaéter fox
wi.dom, are denoted by the title of elders,
Thete retire to a fequettered place, the
avenues to which are guarded; and,
while their deliberations lait, the princes
are confined in feparate chambers of the’
palace. ‘The choice being made, they
proceed to the apartment cf the fove-
reign-clect, and conduct him to the
gloomy place where the cerpfe of his
tather, that cannot be interred till the
conclafion of this awful ceremony, awaits
his arrival. There the elders expatiate
to him on the virtues and defects of his
deceaied parent; defcribing, with pane-
gyric or cenfiwe, the meafures that exalted
or funk the glory of his reign. The
fultan is faid to have 500 ladies in his
ferazlio, and that his ttud likewife cow
tiins soo horits. He has a vait army,
which conhits ulmoft entirely of horte:
the fabye, lance, pike, and bow, are
their weapons of offence,. and a fhield of
hides is their armour. In their manners
the people are courteous and humane: they
are palhonatcly fond of play; the lower
clafies of draughts, and the igher excel iu
chefs. The capitz! is of the fame name:
Bornou, the capital of the empire
of Bornou, fituate in a flat country, on
the banks of a fmall.river. It ccniitts
of a multitude of houfes, neatly plaitered,
‘both within and without, with clay ar
mud; but they are fo irregularly placed,
that the {paces betweenethgu cannot be
called ftreets. Their mofques are con-
ftructed of brick and earth; and they.
haye {chools, ia which the koranis taught,
as in the principal towns of Barbary.
The royal palace, forming a kimt of
citadel, is built in a corner of the town.
Bornou is furrounded by a wall, and is
650 miles se of Mourzook. Lon. 27
30 RB, lat. rg 4oN. |
BorovGubaipGs, a borough in the x
riding of Yorkihire, with a market on
Saturday; feated on the Ure, over which
is a ftone bridge. Here Edward 1 in
1322, defeated the rebel earl of Lancafter.
It fends two members to parliament ; and
is 17 miles Nw of York, and 218 N by
Ww of London. Lon. 1 25 Wy lat. 5
10 N.
Borrowpate, a dreary diftri& in
the s part of Cumberland, abounding,
beyond any other part. of the world, with
the fineft fort of blac lead or wad; the
mines of which are only opened at in-
tervals, and then carefully clofed again,
_te& this precious fubstaace thauld become.
BOS
fee eemiion. Copper, lead, and calamine,
are alfo found in this tract.
BoRROWSTOUNNESS, OF BONESS, 2
village in Linlithgowfhire, on the trith
ef Forth. It has numerous coalerics and
falt-works, and is eight miles N of Lin-
Kthgow. ats
Bosa, an ancient feaport of Sardinia,
with a bifhop’s (ec, and a caftle, on a
river of the iame name, 17 miles se of
Alveri, Lon. 8 50 £, lat. 40 29 N.
Besco, or Boscul, a town of Italy,
in the Milanele, feated on the Orbe, five
miles £ of Alexandria. Lon. 8 52 £,
fat. 44 54 .N. ;
Boscoset, a village in Shropfhire,
nine miles ss of Newport, noted for the
Royal Oak, in which Charles ir was
concealed, and faw the toldiers pafs by
in quett of him, after the battle of Wor-
celter, ‘The iree was incloied by a brick
will, but is now almoit cut-away by
fravellers.
Bosna SERAGO, the capital of Bof-
Ria, feated on the river Boina, 110 miles
sw of Belgrade. Lon. 17 57 £, lot. 44
AON.
Bosnta, a province of Turkey in Eu-
@ope, bounded on the nN by Sclavonia, on
the g& by Servia, on the s by Albania,
and on the w by Croatia and Dalmatia.
Seraio is the capital.
Bossiney, a borough in Cornwall,
that fends two members to parliament,
but has now no market. It is feated on
the Brifto] Channel, 17 miles Nw of
Launcefton, and 233 w by s of London.
Lon. 4 40 w, lat. 50 45 N-
Bost, a {trong town of Perfia, capital
of Sableftan. Lon. 64 15 2, lat. 3x
gON.
Boston, a borough in Lincolnfhire,
with a market on Wednefday and Satur-
day. It is feated on both fides of the
Witham, not far from its influx into the
fea; but its harbour can admit veftels of
inferior burden only. It has 2 navigation
from Lincoln, partly by the Witham,
and partly by a canal, at the termination
of which, in Botton, ~is.a large and
curious fluice ; and there is another canal
to Bourn: It is-a flourifhing town, go-
verned by a mayor, and fends two mem-
bers to paitiament. The market-place is’
{pacious, and the tower of its Gothic
church is one of the moft lofty and ele-
gant of the kind, and a noted feamark.
It 1s 37 miles sé of Lincoln, and 115 N
of London. Lon. o § B, lar 531 N.
Boston, the capital of Maffachulets,
in N America, {eated on a peninfula,
wt the bottom ef a fine bay, covered
BOU
by fmall iflands and rocks, and defended
by a cattle, which render the approach of
an enemy very difficult. It lies in the form
of a creicent about the harbour; and the
country rifing gradually béyond, affords
a delishtful proipest. ‘There is only one
{ate channel to approach the harbour, and
that fo narrow, that two fhips can {carcelp
fail abreait; but, within the harbour,
there is room for 500 fhips to anchor.
At the bottom of the bay is a pier, neap
2000 feet in length, to which hips of
the greateit burden may come clofe. The
ftreets are handfome, particularly thae .
extending from the pier to the town-
houfe; and there are 16 churches of va-
rious denominations. On the w fide of
the town is the Mall, a beautiful public
walk. Bofton was the place, in the
neighbourhood of which the firft hottili-
ties commenced, in 1775, between the
colonifts and the troops of the mother
country, who evacuated the town in
March 1776. It is 356 miles ne of
Philadelphia. Lon. 70 33 w, lat. 42
25.N,
Boswortn, or Marker. Boo.
WORTH, a town in Leicefterthire, with
a market on Wednelday. It is feated on
a high hill, and famous for a battle fought
here between Richard 111 and the earl
of Richmond, afterward Henry vu, in.
which the former loft his crown-and: life.
It is 13 miles nw of Leicetter, and 106
NNw of London. Lon. x 28 Ww, lat. 52
40 N.
Botany Bay, a bay of, New §
Wales, on the E cbaft of New Holjland, fo
called from the great quantity of herbs
found on the fhore. It-was originally fixed
on for 4 colony of convicts from Great Bria.
tain, which, in the fequel, took place at
Port Jackfon, 15 miles further to the N.
Lon. 151 22 £, lat. 3408. ©
Botany IsLanp, a {mall ifland, in
the S Pacific Ocean, to the sz of New
Caledonia. Lon. 167 16 E, lat. 22 26 s.
BoOrTuNia, a province in Sweden, on
a.gulf of the fame mame, which divides
it into two parts, called & and w
Bothnia.
Borespabe. Sce BUDDESDALE,
Botwar, a town of Suabia,. in the
duchy of Wurtemberg, 15 miles sz of
Hailbron. Lon. 9 32 W, lat. 49 9 N.
BOTZENBURG, a town of Germany,.
in the duchy of Mecklenburg, on the river .
Elbe. Len. 10 48 8, lat. 53 30 N.
Bova, an epifcopal town of Naples, in
Calabria Ulteriore, 20 miles sz of Reg-
gio. Lon. 16 20 &, lat. 37 50 N.
Boucnarn, a fortified town of Frangty
F 4
BO U
%n the department of the Nerth und !:te
French Hainault, divided into two par's
by the Scheld. It was taken by the
French in 1676, and by the ilies in
1711; but retaken the year following. It
is nine miles w of Valenciennes. Lon.
323 B, lat. 5018 N.
BOUCHART, atown of France, in the
department of Indre and Loire and late
rovince of Touraine, fituate in an
ifland of the river Vienne, 15 miles ssw
of Tours.
* Boupry, a town of Swifferland, in
the county of Neuchatel. Lon. 6 40 &,
lat. 471 N. ,
BovuILuon, a town of France, in the
duchy of the fanie name, and territory
of Luxemburg. This duchy is a fove-
reignty, independent of France; and, on
March 12, 1792, the king of ‘Great
Britain granted to Philip d'Auvergne,
captain in the royal navy, his licence
to accept the fucceifion to the faid dachy,
in cafe of the death of the hereditary
prince, only fon of the reigning duke,
without iffue male, purfuant to a declara-
tion of his ferene highnels, dated June 25,
3791, “at the defire, and with the express
and formal confent cf the nation."’ Ac-
cordingly, captain d'Auvergne has fince
affumed the title of prince of Bouillon.
The tawn has a caftle, feated on an
almoft inacceflible rock, near the river
Semois, 12 miles N of Sedan. Lon, 5
20 E, lat. 49 45 N.
BovicneEs, a town of the Auftrian Ne-
therlands, in Namur, on the river Meufe,
ten miles s of Namur. Lon. 4 50 &,
lat. 50 19 WN.
BoviNno, an epifcopal town of Naples,
in Capitanata, feated at the foot of the Ap-
ennines, 15 miles NE of Benevento.
Fos. 1535 2B, lat. 41 17 N.
Bou Loeng, a large feaport of France,
$n the department of the Straits of Calais
and Jate province of Boulonnois. It was
Jately an epifcopal fee; and is divided
into twotowns, the Higher and the Lower.
The harbour has a mole for the fafety of
the thips; and which, at the fame time,
yevents it from being choaked up. It
: $3 feated at the mouth of the Lianne, 14
miles s of Calais. Lon. 1 42 B, lat. 50
44 .N-
~ BoursBON, an ifland of Africa, in the
Indian Ocean, 60 miles long, and 45
broad. There is not a fate harbour
in the ifland; but many good roads for
fhipping. On the SE is a volcano. It
is a fertile ifland; producing, in parti-
cular, excellent tobacco. he French
| fett! d here in 1672, and have fome con-
BOU
fiderable towns in the ifland; and here
their India fhips touch for refrefhments.
It is 300 miles & of Madagafcar. Lon.
55 30 By lat. 20 §2 N. ;
Bovurson Lanct, a town of Frances
in the department of Saone and Loire
and late province of Burgundy. It is re-
markable for its caltle, hot mineral
waters, and a large marble pavement,
called the Great Bath, which is a work
ef the Romans. It is 15 miles sw of
Autun. Lon. 4 6 £, lat. 4.6 47 N.
Bourson L'ARCHAMBEAU, a town
of France, in the department of Al-
lier and late province of Bourbonnois,
fituate in a bottom, near the river Allier,
It is remarkable for its hot baths, and
for giving name to the family of the
late unfortunate king of France. It is 15
miles w of Moulins, and 362 s of Paris,
Lon. 3 5 £, lat 46 35 N.
BouRnonne-LES Bains; a town of
France, in the department of Upper
Marne and late province of Champagne,
famous for its hot baths. It is 17 miles
E of Langres. Lon. § 45 E, lat. 47
54_N.
BourRBONNo!sS, a jate province of
France, bounded on the N by Nivernois
and Berry, on the w by Berry and part
of Marche, on the s by sAuveryne, and on
the E£ by Burgundy and Forcz. It
abounds in corn, fruit, pafture, wood,
game, and wine. It now forms the de-
- partment of Allier.
Bourveaux, an ancient city of
France, in the department of Gironde
and late province of Guienine. It is an
archbifhop’s fee; has a univerfity, and 22
academy of arts and f{ciences. It is built
in the torm of a bow, of which the river
Garonne is the ftring, bordered by a large
quay. It contains upward of 100,900
inhabitants, and is one of the firft cities of
France for magnitude, riches, and beauty.
The cathedeal is much admired. The
caftle, cailed the Trumpet, is feated at
the entrance of the quay, and the river
runs round its walls. The town has
12 gates; and near another caftle are
fine walks. The moft remarkable an-
tiquities are the palace of Gallienus,
built like an amphitheatre; and teveral
aquedusts. It has a confidesable trade ;
and they thip every year 100,000 tons of
wine and brandy. Here Edward the
Black Prince refided feveral years, and
his fon, afterward Richard 11, was born.
It is $7 miles s of Rochelle, and 325
Sw of Paris. Lon, o 34 wy lat. 44
50 N.
BOvRDINES, a town of the Auftrian
BOU
Netherlands, in Namur, five miles nw
of Huy. Lon. 508, lat. 50 35 N.
Bours, a tewn of France, .in the de-
partment of Ain and late province of
Brefle. -Near this place, is the magnifi-
cent church end monattery of the late
Auguftins. Bourg is feated cn the river
Reffoufle, 20 miles sz of Macon and
2330f Paris. Lon. 5 ty £, dat. 4611N.
BouraG, a towr. of France, in the de-
partment of Giron. and late provinge
ot Guienne, with a good harbour onthe
Dorgogne, near the point of land formed
by the junction of that river with the
Garonne, which is called the Bec-d’Am-
bez. It is 15 miles n of Bourdeaux.
Lon. o 30 w, lat. 45 5 N.
Bourc, a town of the ifland of
Cayenne, inS America. Lon. 52 50 W
Jat. 5 2N. -
BouRGANEUF, a town of France, in
the department of Croufe and late pro-
vince of Marche. It is remarkable for
a large and lofty tower, faced with {tones
eut diamond-wife; erected, toward the
end of the rsth century, by Zifim,
brother of Bajazet 11, emperor of the
Turks, when he was obliged to exile
himéelf, after the lois of a decifive battle.
Bourganeuf is feated on the river Tau-
rion, 20 miles NE of Limoges, and 200
s ot Paris. Lon. 1 35 £, lat. 45 59 N.
Bources, an aneient city of France,
in the department of Cher and late pro-
vince of Ber » with an archiepiicopal fee
and a univerfity. In extent it is one of
the greateft cities in France, but the in-
habitants hardly amount to 25,000, and
their trade is inconfiderable. Jt is the
birthplace of Lewis x1, the Nero of
France; and the celebrated preacher
Bourdalowe. It is feated om the rivers
Auron and Yevre, 25 miles nw of Ne-
vers, and 125 S of Paris. Lon. 2 28 &,
lat. 47 5 N.
Bourcsr, a town of Savoy, on a lake
of the fame name, fix-miles N of Cham-
berry. Lon. 5 g0 8, lat.4541N.
BourG-La-Reine, a town of France,
one league s of Paris.
BougMonrT, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Marne and late pro-
vince of Champagne, 22 miles R by N of
Cheumont,. Lon. § 43 £, lat. 48 14 .N.
Bourn, a town in Lincolnhire, with
@ good market on Saturday. It is feated
near a fpring, called Bourn Well-head,
from which proceeds a river that runs
through the town to Spalding. From’
Bourn is a navigable canal to Bofton, It
is 35 miles $ of Lincoln, and 97. N of
- London. Lon. 9 20 Wy lat. 52 42 No
BOX
Bovro, an ifland in the Indian Ocean,
between the Moluccas and.Celebes, fub-
ject to the Dutch, who have a fortrefs
here. Some mountains in it are extremely
high, and the fea on one fide is uncoms
monly decp. It produces nutmegs and
cloves, cocoa and baana trees, and many
vegetables introduced by the Dutch.
Crocodiles, of an aftonifhing fize, inteft
the banks of the rivers, devouring {uch
‘beafts as fall in their way; snd men
are protefies from their fury by no other
method than carrying torches: they have
even been known, in the night, to feize
people in their boats. Bouro is so miles
in circumference. Lon. 327 25 &, la
3 30 8.
BouRTON-ON-THE-HILL, 9 villa
in Gloucefterfhire, on the fide of a hill,
with a fine profpe& into Oxfordthire.
There are two {prings in this parifh, one
of which runs £, and empties itfelf into
the Thames, and the ether w, into the
Severn. It is five miles from Stow, and
30 from Gloucefter. ’
BouRTON-ON-THE-WATER, a village,
one mile from the preceding place, wa-
tered by a river that rifes near it, which
here {preads 30 feet wide, and over which
is a ftone bridge. Adjoining to it is a
quadrangular Roman camp, inciofing 60
acres, now divided into 20 fields, aure
coins and other antiquities are dug up.
Boussac, a town of France, in the de-
rdenieg of Creufe and late province ef
arche, with a caftle, on an almoft inac-
ceffible rock, 25 miles NE of Gueret.
Bouton, an ifland in the Indian
Ocean, 12 miles se of Celebes. The
inhabitants are fmall, but well thaped,
and of a dark oliye complexion, ‘Their
religion is Mahometaniim. Lon. 123
30 E, lat. sos.
Bow, a town in Devonfhire, with a
market on Thurfday. It is feated at the
fource of a river that falls into the Taw,
14 miles NW of Exeter, and 188 w by 5
of London. Lon. 3 49 Ws lat.:s0 50 N.
Bow, or StRaATFORD LE Bow, a
confiderable village in Middlefex, two
miles‘enz of London. It has many
mills, manufaétures, and diftillerjes, on
the river Lea, which here feparates Mid-
dlefex from Effex. It is Bid that the
bridge here, was the firft ftone ane built
in England, and that from its arches it
received the name of Bow.
LOwness. See BULNESS.
Boxuey, .a village in Kent, near
Maidftone, famous for an es of
1am
‘Ciftertian monks, founded by W
earl of Kent mS 346, the semains of
4
\
BRA
which fill exit. Inthis abbey, Edward
11 granted the charter to the city of
London, empowering them to elect a
mayor from their own body, Here was
the famous wooden figure, called the
Rood of Grace; the lips, eyes, and head
' @f which moved on the approach of its
votaries. It was broken to pieces, at
‘St. Paul's Crofs, in 1538, by Hilley,
difhop of Rochefter, who thowed to the
eredulous people the iprings and wheels
by which it had been moved.
. Boxtet, atown of Dutch Brabant, on
“the river Bommel, eight miles s of Bois-
‘Ie-duc. Lon. 5 15 £, lat. 51 32 N.
.. .BoOxTHUDE, a town of Lower Saxony,
inthe duchy of Bremen, feated ona brook
‘which falls into the Elbé, 12 miles sw
of Hamburg. Lon. 9 45 £; lat. 53 26 N.
-Boyvt, or AbBEY Boy Le, a borough
of Ireland, in the county of Rofcommon,
Femarkable far the ruins of an abbey.
It is feated near lake Key, 23 miles n
of Rofcommon.
Boyne, a river of Ireland, which
rifes in Queen’s-county, and runs by
‘Trim and Cavan, into the Irifk Channel,
below Drogheda. Here James 11 was
defeated by William m1, in 1690.
_ _Boyo.o, a town of Italy, in the duchy
ef Mantua, capital of a territory of the
- fame naine, fubjeé& to the houle of Autf-
tria. It is 15 miles sw of Mantua.
. Lon. 10 35 B, lat. 456 N.
* Braan, a-river of Scotland, which
-defcends from the hills of Perththire &
of loch Tay, and falls into the Tay
above Dunkeld. Upon this river is a -
he icene, at a place called the Rum-
ling Bridge. Under an arch, thrown
over a narrow chafin, between two pro-
jetting rocks, the river is precipitated in
a fall of near'so feet. © ~
BRABANT, a duchy of the Nether-
lands, bounded’on the w by Holland, on
the ‘NE by Guelderland, on the £ by
Liege, on the s by Namur, and on the
w by Hainault, Flanders, and Zealand.
Brufiels is the capita! of . Auttrian
Brabant; but the northern part, of which
Breda is the chief town, belongs to the
’ United Provinces, under the denomina-
tion .of Dutch Brabant. The principal
rivers are the Scheld and Lis. It was
Sobdued by the French in 1794,
» BRACCIANO, a town of Italy, in the
gi se of St. Peter, on a lake of
e fame name, 12 miles nw of Rome.
There are fome celebrated baths near the
town. Lon. 12 24 8, Int. 42 3N.
BRAckLAw; a ftrong town of Poland
in Pogojuy on the saver Hog, 85 miles
BRA
BE of Kaminieck. n. 28 30 8, lat. 48
49 N.
BRACKLEY, a borough in. Northamp-
tonfhire, with a market on Wednefday.
It contains two churches, and had for-
meriy a collere, now a freefchool. It is
governed by a mayor, fends two mem-
bers to parhament, and‘is feated on the
Oufe, 18 miles s of Northampton, and
64 NW of London. Lon x 10 w, lat.
522 N.
Brap, a iuwn of Sclavonia, on the
river Save, 18 miles s of Pofega. Lon.
18 S6 £, lat. 4.5 19 N.
BRaDESLeyY, or Baprscvey, a village
‘near Bromigrove, in Worcefterfhire, where
are the ruins of a fuperb abbey, founded
by empreis Maud, mether of Henry 1.
BRADFIELD, a town in Effex, witha
market on Thuriday, 16 miles N of
Chelmsford. Lon. 0 30 £; lat. 51 68 N,
BRaADFoRD, a town in Wilts, with a
market on Monday. It is the centre of
the greateft fabric of fuperfine cloths in
England, which it fhares with the fur-
rounding towns of Trowbridge, Melk-
fham, Corfham, and Chippenham. It is
feated cn the Avon, 11 miles w of De-
vizes and rez of London. Lon. 2 20 Wy.
hat. 51 20 N.
BrapForp, a town in the w riding
of Yorkthire, with a market on Monday.
It has a trade in- thalloons, everlaftings,
&c. which are made in the neighbourhood.
I’ is feated on a branch of the Aire, 36
miles sw of York, and 193 NNW of
London. Lon. 1 40 w, Jat. 53 49 N.
Brak&-Mar, a fertile vale in Aber-
decnfhire, furrounded by rugged preci-
pices. The caftle of Brae-Mar, the
family feat of the earls of Mar, now
belongs to the earl of Fife. Here the
earl.or May. began the rebellion in 1715.
It'is 27 miles Nw of Aberdeen.
BRaGa, a town of Portugal, capital
of Entre-Minho-e-Douero, feated on the
river Cavado, 180 miles N of Lifbon.
Lon. 8 29 w, lat. 41 42 N.
BraGanza, the capital of the duchy
of Braganza, in Portugal. It is divided
‘into two towns, the Old and the News
the Old is feated on an eminence, fur-
rounded by double walls; and the New
ftands in a plain, at the foot of a moun-
tain, and is defended by a fort. It is
feated on thé Sabor, 32 miles Nw of
Miranda. Lon. 6 30 w, Jat. 42 2N.
Braiva, a town of Turkey in Eu-
rope, in Walachia, on the Danube. It
has a caftle, taken by the Ruifians in
3711, but afterward reftored.
‘ Braizow, atown of Poland, in Pode.
Cheln
Len.
Br
bithoy
rivule
OG oe ts ae ae a
BRA
hia, on the river Bog, 30 miles nw of
Bracklaw. Lon. 28 o8, lat. 49 12 .N. *
Brain LE CoMTeE, a town of Auftrian
Hainault, 15 miles sw of Bruffels. Lon.
468, lat. 5041N.
BRaAINTREEZ, a town in Effex, witha
market on Wedneiday. It has a confi-
derable manufa‘ture of bays, and adjoins
to the large viliage of Bocking, which is
noted for the iame. It is 12 inikés N of
Chelmstord, and 42 Ne of London.
Lon. o go £, lat. 51 55 N.
BRAKEL, a town of Weitphalia, in the
bithopric of Paderborn, feated on the
rivulee Brught, 12 miles £ of Paderborn.
Lon. 9 12 £, lat. §1 46N.
BRALIO, a mountain of the Alps, in
the country of the Grilons, which {epa-
rates the valley of Muntter ft om the
county of Bormio. This par. of the
Aips is tuppoied to be the fa.ne which
Zacitus mentions under the name of Juga
Rhetica.
BRAMANT, a town of Savoy, on the
river Arck, 35 miles NW of Turin.
Lon. 7 5 &, lat. 45 25 N.
BramBer, a borough in Sufiex, that
fends two members to parliament, but is
now without either market or fair. It is
47 miles s by w of London. Lon. o r2
W, lat. 50 52 N.
BRAMPTON, 2 town in Cumberland,
‘with a market on Tuefday. It is feated
‘on the river Itthin, near the Picts Wall.
On the top of a high hill, is a fortified
trench, called the Mote. It is eight
miles NE of Carlifle, and 311 NNW of
London. Lon. 2 40 w; lat. 54 53 N.
BRamMPTon, a village in Hereford-
fhire, one mile s of Rofs. Here are the
ruins of a magnificent caitle.
Brancasrer, a village in Norfolk,
_ to the £ of the promontory of St. Ed-
mund’s-chapel, the ancient Branodunum,
a confiderable Roman city, where ancient
coins have been frequently dug up.
DRANCHON, a town of the Auttrian
Netherlands, in Namur, on the river
Mehaigne, eight miles N of Namur.
Lon. 4 40 B, lat. 50 36 N.
_ BRANDELS, a town of Bohemia, on the
river Elbe, ro miles nz of Prague. Lon.
14 458, lat. sors NL F
| BRANDENBURGH, a country of Ger-
many, bounded on the N by Pomerania
and Meclenburg; on the £ by Poland;
on the s by Silefia, Luiatia, Upper Saxuny,
and Magdeburg; and on-the w by Lu-
nenburg. It is divided into five principal
arts; the Old Marche, Pregnitz, the
iddle Marche, Ucker Marche, and the
New Marche, Berkin is the capital; and
BRA
the principal rivers are the Elbe, Havel,
Spree, Ucker, Oder, and Ware. The
grea 1° part of the inhabitants are Lu-
therans; but the papitts are tolerated.
BRANDENBURG, a town of Germany,
divided into the Old and ‘New Town,
the Havel, which ieparates the fort tron
both. Great numbers of French retugees
having fettled here, introduced their ma-
Tufactures, and rendered it a protperous
place. It is 26 miles w of Berlin. Lon.
14 5 B, lat. 52 45 Ne
BRANDON, a Village in Suffolk, feated
on the Little Ouse, over which is a bridge,
and a terry at a mile’s diftance ; whence
it is divided into Brandon, and Brandoa-
Ferry: which laft has the moft bufineis,
becaufe commodities are brought thither
trom the ifle ot Ely. It is r2 miles n of
Bury.» ;
Branska, a town of ‘Tranfylvania,
on the river Merifh, 35 miles's of Weii:.
femburg. Lon. 24 15.2, hat. 46 0 N,
Brasit, a country of § America
which gives the title of prince to the he
apparent of the crown of Portugal. f¢
includes the moft eaftern part of $ Arie.
‘Tica, and lies between the equinostial line
and the tropic of Capricorn, being 1560
milcs in length, and 1000 in breadth. I.
was diicovered in 1500, by Alvarez
Cabral, a Portuguefe, who was forced
upon it by a‘tempeft. The air of thie -
sountry, though within the torrid zone, is
temperate and wholefome. The {oil is
fertile, and more fugar comes thence,
than fiom all other parts of the world,
It produces tobacco, Indian corn, feveral
forts of fruits and medicinal drugs. The
wood brought from Brafil, ‘and hence {9
valled, is of gieat ufe in dying red; and.
within the councry there is gold, and fe.
verai 1orts of precious ftones. The cattle,
carried over trom Etrope, increafe pro-
digioufly. They have feveral animals
not known in Europe; among the reft, a
beautiful bird called Colibri, whofe body:
rs not mush larger thin that of a May.
bug. and it fings as harmonicufly as 3
nightingile, ‘I'he Portuguele chiefly in-
habjt the coat; for they have not pene-
trated far into the countiy. The inland
parts are full of people of different lan-
guages; but they ali agree in wearing he
clothes. ‘They are ot a copper colour,
with long coarie black hair on their heads,
but without any on the other parts of
their bodies, like the reft of the Ameri-
cans. They are fttong, lively, and gay,
and fubject to’ few dileales. They fie
to adorn themifelves with feathers, and
are fond of teats, at which they dance
BRA
Rmmoderately. They have no temples,
mor any other fign of religion; and they
make no manner cf {crupple to marry
their neareft relations. They have huts
made of the branches of trees, and co-
vered with palm leaves. Their furniture
éonfifts chiefly in their hunmocks, and
.difhes, or cups, made of calibathes, painted
without of a red colour, and black with-
in. Their knives are made of a fort of
ftone and {plit canes; and they have baf-
kets of ditterent fizes, chiefly made of
palm leaves. Their arms are bows, ar-
rows, and wooden clubs. When they
.travel, they faften their haminccks be-
tween two trees, and flcp all night
therein. The Portuguefe divide Brafid
into fifteen governments, which are go-
verned by a viceroy, who refides at St.
Salvadore. R.
Brassa, one of the Shetland Iflands.
Between this and the principal if!ind,
called Mainland, is the noted Brafla
Sound; where 1000 fail may at once find
commodious mooring.
BRassaw, or CRONSTADT, a {trong
town of Tranfylvania, on the river Burc-
gel, 50 miles E by N of Hermanitadt.
Lon. 25 55 Ey lat. 46 35 N.
BraTTon-CAstLe, on the £ fide of
Weltbury, m Wilts, the remains of a
fortification, where the Danes held out 24
days again the English. It is feated on
a hill, and encompafled by two ditches,
within which feveral pieces of old iron
asms have been dug up.
BRAUBACH, @ town of Germany, in
Weteravia, with a caftle, feated on the
Rhine, eight miles s of Coblentz. ;
BRAUNAW, 2 town of Gormeny, in
Lower Bavaria, feated on the river Kun,
25 miles sw of Paffau. Lon. 13 3 Es
lat.48 ION. ;
BRAUNSBURG, a town of Poland, in
New Pruflia, with a commodious harbour,
feated near the Baltic, 50 miles £ of
Dantzic. Lon. 2065, lat. 54 22 N.
BRAUNFELD, a town of Germany, in
the county of Solms, with a haadiome
alace, 26 miles nN: by w of Franctfort,
n. 8 32 E, lat. 50 21 N.
~ BRava, an independent town of Afri-
¢a, on the coaft of Ajan, with a good har-
bour. It is 80 miles from Magadoxo.
On. 43 25 Ey lat. 1 20 N.
Bravo, one of the Cape-de-Verd
Iflands, remarkable for excellent wine,
and inhabited by the Portuguele. Lon.
24 39 Wy lat. 14 52 N.
Bray, 2 feapost of Ireland, in the
eounty of Wicklow, feated on St. George's
BRE
Channel, 10 miles sof Dublin. Lon. 6
aw, lat. 53 11 N.
Bray, a village in Berkthire, famous
in fong for its vicar, who, having been
twice a papift, and twice a proteftant, in
four fucceflive reigns, and therefore taxed
with being a turncoat, faid, he always
kept to his principle, ‘to live and die
vicar of Bray.” It is feated on the
Thames, one mile s of Maidenhead.
BrRazza, a town and illand on the
coat of Dalmatia, in the gulf of Venice,
oppofite Spalatro, and {subject to Venice.
Lon. 17 35 £, lat. 43 50 N.
BREADALBANE. See ALBANY.
Brecuin, a borough in Angusfhire,
feated in a plain, on the river South Etk.
The Gothic cathedral is partly ruinous,
though one of its aifles ferves for the
parith church. Adjoining to this is a
curious antique round tower, compeftd
of hewn ftone ; it tapers from the bottom,
and is very flender in proportion to its
height. Here is a manutacture of linen
and cotton, and a confiderable tannery.
It is 35 miles ne of Edinburgh, Lon.
218 E, lat. 56 40N.
BRECKNO¢K, or Brzcon, the capital
of Brecknockfhire, called by the Welth
Aber-Honddey, and {iv 2d at the conflu-
ence of the Honddey and Uik. It is an
ancient place, as appears by the Roman
coins that are often dug up here. It con-
tains three churches, one of which is col-
legiate; has a good trade in clothing,
and a market on Wednefday and Friday.
To the z of the town is a confiderable
lake, well ftored with fifh, whence runs
a rivulet into the Wye. It fends one
member to parliament, and is 44 miles
_Nw of Monmouth, and 162 w by N of
London. Lon. 3 22 w, ‘lat. 51 54 N-
BRECKNOCKSHIRE, a county of §
Wales, 39 miles in length, and 27 in
breadth; bounded on the £ by Hereford-
fhire and Monmouththire, on the s by
Glamorganhhire, on the w by Carmar-
thenfhire and Cardiganfhire, and on the
N by Radnorfhire. It is full of moun-
tains, fome of which are exceedingly
high, particularly Monuchdenny-hill, not
far from Brecknock ; but there are lar
fertile plains and vallies, which yield
plenty of corn, and feed great numbers
of cattle. It lies in the diocefe of St.
David's, has four market-towns and 61
arifhes, and fends two members to par-
lamer... Its principal rivers are the Wye
and the Uik.
Brepa, a city of Dutch Brabant.
The fortifications are ftrengthened by the
waters
perty
the pr
is a nd
feet hi
delive
BRE
waters and mora(ffes near it. The pro-
perty and government of it belonged to
the prince of Orange. The great church
is a noble ftru€ture, with a fine {pire, 362.
feet high. In 1577, the Spanith garriton
delivered this city to the Dutch; but it
was recovered in 1581. Im 1§90, the
Dutch retook it. In 1626, the Spaniards,
after a memorable fiege of ten months,
reduced it; but, in 1637, the prince of
Orange retook it. In 1793 it was fur-
rendered to the French, after a fiege of
only three days, but it was retaken {oon
alter. Itis feated on the river Merk, 22
miles w:by s of Bois-le-duc, 25 NNE of
Antwerp, and 60s of Amfterdam. Lon.
4 50 E, lat. 51 35N.
_BREGENTZ, a town of Germany, ca-
pital of a county of the fame name, in the
Tirol. It is feated on the lake of Con-
ftance, feven miles NE of Appenzel.
Lon. 9 45 £, lat. 47 27N.
BREHAR, the moft mountainous of the
Scilly Iflands, 30 miles w of the Land's
End. Lon. 6 42 w, lat. 50 2 N.
_ BRELE, a river of France, which di-
vides the department of Lower Seine from
that of Somme, and watering Eu, enters
the Englith Channel.
_ BREMGARTEN, a town of Swifferland,
in the free lower bailiwics, watered by
the Reufs between the cantons of Zuric
and Bern. The inhabitants deal chiefly
in paper; and are Roman catholics. It
is divided into the Upper and Lower
Town, has a handfome bridge over the
Reufs, and is 10 miles w of Zuric. Lon.
$ 178, lat. 47 20N.
BREMEN, a confiderable town of Ger-
many, capital of a duchy of the fame
name, with an archbifhop's fee, which is
fecularized. The Wefer divides it into
the Old and New Town. In 1739, while
the inhabitants were afleep, the magazine
of powder was fet on fire by lightening,
all the houfes were hhaken, as if
there had been an earthquake. It is 22
miles BE of Oldenburg. Lon.8 48 £, lat.
53 6N. t
_ BREMEN, a duchy of Germany, in the
circle of Lower Saxony; lying between the
Weiler and the Elbe; the former of which
feparates it trom Oldenburg, and the other
from Holftein. The air is cold; but the
pet fertile and populous. It for-
merly belonged to the Swedes, but sas
_ fold to the ele&tor of Hanover, in 1716.
In the winter it is fubje& to inundations,
and particularly in 1617, on Chriftmas-
day, feveral thoufand cattle were drown-
ed, belide feveral huadreds of men,
BRE
BREMENWOERD, a town of Germany,
in the duchy of Bremen, 27 miles Nn of
Bremen. Lon. 8 45 E, lat. §3 33 N.
BRENT, a town in Devonthire, with
a market on Saturday, 26 miles sw of
Exeter, and 200 w by 8 of London.
Lon, 4 2 £, lat. 50. 33 N.
BRENT, ariver in Somerfethire, which
rifes in Selwood Forelt, on the edge of
Wilts, and falls into Bridgewater Bay.
BRENTE, a river which rifes in the
bifhopric of Trent, and falls into the
gulf, oppofite Venice.
BRENTFORD, a town in Middlefex,
with a market on Tuelday. It is feated
on the Thames, into which, at the w
end of the town, flows a rivulet called
the Brent. Here the freeholders of Mid-
dlefex choofe the knights of the fhire. It
isa long town; that part of it, called
Old Brentford, is oppofite Kew Green,
and that called New Brentford, contains
the church and market-place. Itis feven
miles w of London. Lon. o 10 w, lat.
51 26N.
BRENTWOOD, atown in Effex, with
a market on Thurfday. It ftands on a
fine eminence, 11 miles wsw of Chebnf.
ford, and 18 ENE of London.’ Lon. o
258, lat.51 36N. -
Brescia, a town of Italy, capital of
Brefciano, with a citadel, and.a bithop’s
fee. It was taken by the French in July
1796. It is feated on the Garza, 95
miles w of Venicé. Lon. 10 § By lat.
45 31N.
BRESCIANO, a province of Italy, in
the territory of Venice; bounded on the
N by the country of the Grifons and the
bifhopric of Trent; on the E by lake
Carda, the Veronefe, and the Mantuan;
on the s by the Mantuan and the Cremo-
nefe; and on the w by Cremaico, Berga-
mo, and the Valteline. It is watered by
feveral {mall rivers, and is full of towns
and villages. Brefcia is the capital.
BRESELLO, a town of Italy, in the
Modenefe, on the river Po, 27 miles Nw
of Modena. Lon, 10 41 By lat. 44 SON.
BRESLAW, 2 large, rich, and populous
town of Germany, capital of Silefia, with
a bifhop’s fee, and a univerfity. It is
feated at the conflux of the Oder and Ola,
which laft runs through feveral of the
ftreets. The houfes ave built with ftone,
and it is furrounded by good walls,
ftrengthened by ramparts and other works.
There are two iffands near it, formed by
the Oder; in one of which is a church,
whofe tower was burnt by Bo plea in
3730; in the other, called Thum, is the
BRE
eathedral. Theroyal palace was obtained
by the Jefuits, where they founded a
univerfity in 1702. The two principal
churches belong to the prote/tants ; near
one of which isa college. It was taken
by the king of Pruffia in 1741, and: rer
taken by the Auftrians in.17573; but the
king regained it the fame year. It is. t12
miles Ne of Prague, and 165 N of Vienna,
Lon. 17 8 8, lat. 51 3.N.
BRESSE, a late provinee of France,
bounded on the .N by Burgundy and
Franche Comté, on the E by Savoy, on
the s by the Viennois, and on the w.by
the Lyonais. It now forms the depart-
ment of Ain. iy
Bressiciy or BRZESK,. the capital of
Foletia, in Poland, f{eated on, the ‘river
Bog, 100 miles g of Warfaw.. It is'a
fortified town, and hasa caftle built upon
arock. Here is a fynagogue, reforted to
by the, Jews from all the countries in
Europe. Lon. 24 6, lat. 52 4.N.
_ BRESSUIe Ey. a town of France, in the
department of the T'wo Sevres and late
province of Poitous with a college, 35
miles Nw of Poitiers.
BRES, a town of France, in the des
partment of Finifterre and late province of
Brittany, with a caftle feated on a.craggy
rock by the feafide. . The ftreets are, nar-
now, crooked, and all upon a, dechivity.
‘The quay-is above aiile in length. ‘The
arfenal was built by Lewis xiv, whole
fucceflor’ eftablifhed. a marine academy
here in 17523; and, as this is the -bett
port.in France, it has every other accoin-
niedation for the navy. The Fnglifh
attemp‘ed in vain to take this place in
1694. It is 30 miles sz of Morlaix,
and 325 N of Paris. Lon. 4 30 Ww, lats
$3.22 N.
BRETAGNY, or BRITTANY; a late
province of France, 150 miles in length,
and 112 in breadth. It is a peniniula,
united.on the E to Anjou, Maine, Nor-
awandy, and:Poitou. The air is tempe-
sate, and it has large forefts. It now
forms the departments. of the North
Coaft, Binifterge, Ifle and Vilaine; Lower
Loire, and Morbinan.
BrRevreEvIL;,a town of France, in the
department;of Lower Seine and late pro-
vince of Normandy, feated on the Iton,
15imiles swiot Evreux. Lon.1 0 8, lat.
48.56 N. :
-¢ ABRETON, Caps, an ifland of N Ame-
rica, between 45 and 47° N lat. feparated
from Nova Scotia by a narrow ftrait,
called. Canfo, .and, is 100 miles in length,
and ‘50 in-breadth. Itis a barren coun-
tay, fubject to fogs throughout the year,
BRI
and covered with fhow in the winter. There
is an excellent fifhery on this coaft. It
was taken by the Englith in 1745, and
reftored to the French in 1748. It was
again taken by the Englith in 1758, and
was confirmed toEngtand by treaty ir
1763. See LoutsBoOurG.
Breyorpt, 2 town of Dutch Guel-
derland, 24 miles sz of Zutphen. Lon.
6.25 E, lat. 52 2N.
Brewers-Haven,a good arbour on
the Nn of the ifland:of Chiloe, on the coatt
of Chili. ‘The Dutch landed here in
1643, defigning to get pofleflion of fome
part of Chili; but they were driven
thence by the Spaniards and natives.
Lon. 74 0 W, lat. 42 30 S. ,
BREWOOD; a town in Staffordthire,
with a market on Tucfday, ro miles
by w of Stafford, and 130 Nw of.Lon-
don, Lon. 2 5 Wy, lat. §2 43 Ne
Brey, a town of Weltphalia, in the
bithopric of Liege, 14 miles N of Maef-
tricht. Lon. 5 39 £, lat. 51 4.N.
Briangon, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Alps and late pro-
yince of Dauphiny, with a caftie {eated
on a craggy rock. It is remarkable for
the manna gathered in its neighbourhood,
which. at .firft appears on the leaves and
finall branches of a fort of pine-tree; but
they make incifions into the bark, to. get
larger quantities, It has a handfome
church, and a noble bridge over the Du-
rance. Jt is 17 miles Nw of .Embrun
Lon. 6 25 E, lat.44 46.N. i
_ BRIAIRE, 2 town of France, in the de
partment of Loiret and late province of
Orleanois, feated on the Loire, and re-
markable for a canal -between jthat river
and the Seine. It is. 35 miles sz of Or-
leans, and 88 s of Paris. Lon.2 478,
lat.4740N.. i oF
BRIDGEND, a town in Glamorgan-
fhire, with a market. on Saturday 3 feated
on the Ogmore, which dividés it inte
two parts, joined by a ftone bfidge. It
is feven miles w by N of Cowbridge, and
178 w of London. Lon. 3 38 Ww, lat.
5130. N.
BRIDGETOWN, the capital of | the
ifland of Barbadoes, fituate in the inmott
part of Carlifle Bay. It contains 1500
noufes, and would make a figure in an
kingdom of Europe. The ftreets
broad, the houfes ,highy the wharfs and
quays convenient, and. the forts ftrong.
‘The church is as large as fome cathedrals,
and it hasa fine organ. Here alfo is a
free{chool, an hofpital, and a college
the latter erected by the fociety for pope
gating the gofpel, purfuant to the will of
a fred
fchol
was
a ca!
It fe
is 20
139
52 3
Br
fethhi
Satur
Over
ships
carri¢
trade
govel
%O pai
chur
Ch
by s
deied like
BRI
edfonel Codrington, who endowed it with
200ol,ayear. Lon. 50 36 w, lat.13 5.
BariDGENORTH, a borough in Shrop-
hire, with 4 market on Saturday; feated
on the Severn, which divides it into the
Upper and Lower Town, joined by a
Stone bridge. It has two churches, and
a free{chool that fends. and maintains 18
fcholars at the univerfity of Oxford. It
was formerly fortified with walls, and had
a caitle, feated on a rock, now in ruins.
It fends two members to parliament, and
is 20 miles w by N of Birmingham, and
139 NWot London. Lon. 2 28 w, lat.
52 36 Ne
BripGewatTer, a borough in Somer-
fetthire, with a market on Thuriday and
Saturday. It is feated on the Parret,
over which is a ftone bridge, and near it
fhips of 100 tors burden may ride.” It
carries ona conliderable coafting trade, and
trades with Ireland and Norway. It is
governed by a mayor, fends two members
to parliament, and has a large handfome
church. It is eight miles s of the Briftol
Channel, 31 ssw of Briftol, and 137 w
by s of London.. Lon. 3 10 w, fat. 51
7 N.
BRIDLINGTON, or BURLINGTON, a
feaport in the E riding of Yorkfhire, with
a market on Saturday. It ‘is ieated on
a creck near Flamborough-head, with a
commodious quay for fhips, and isa place
of good trade, 36 miles N of Hull and 208
of London. Lon.o 5 w, lat. 54 3 N.
Bripport, a borough in Dorfetthire,
with a market on Sutnetay. It is feated
between two rivers, and had once a har-
bour, which is tow choked up with fand.
The market is remarkable for hemp 5 and
leere are large manulactures of {ailcloth
and nets. It is 12 miles w of Dorchet-
ter, and 135 w by s of London. Lon.
252 W, lat. 50 42 N.
Brizc, a town of Silefiay capital of
a territory of the fame name, with a col-
lege, and an academy for the nobility.
‘It belongs.to the king of Pruifia, and is
feated on the Oder, 20 miles s£ of Bref-
Jaw. Lon. 37 35, lat. 50 50 N.
' Brier, a tewn of the United Pro-
vinces, capital of the ifland of Voorn.
The Dutch took it from the Spaniards in
272, \which was the foundation of their
republic. It is feated at the mouth of
the Maefe, 13 miles sw of Rottcidam.
Lon. 4.23 8, lat. 51 50N. -
Brienrz, a lake of Swifferland, in the
¢anton of Bern, three leagues long and
ane broad. A very delicate kind of fifh
is peculiar to this lake, which is falted and
herrings. a Aar runs
to
BRI
through the whole extent of this lake,
and unites it to that of Thun.
Briescia. See POLestia.
Briktux, St. a town of France,: in
the department of the North Coaft and
lute province of Brittany, with a bifhop’s
fee, and a good harbour. Its inhabitants
ae deemed the beft pioneers in France.
It is feated near the Englith Channel, so
miles Nw of Rennes.’ Lon. 2 38 w, late
48.31 N.
Brigy, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Mofeile and late province of
Lorraine, feated near the river Manfe, 30
miles NE of St. [Michel.
Bricc. See GLANDFORDBRIDGE.
.BRIGHTHELMSTON, or BRIGHTON, a
feaport in Suffex, with a market om
Thurfday. It was a poor town, inhabited
chiefly by fichermen, but having become
a fashionable place of refort for fea-bath-
ing, it has been enlarged by many hand-
fome houles, with public rooms, &e.
The Steing, a fine lawn, forms a beauti-
ful and favourite refort for the company.
Here Charles 11 embarked for France in
1651, after the battle of Woreefter. It
is the ftation of the packet-boats, to and
from Dieppe, and is 56 miles s of Lon-
don, and 74 Nw of Dieppe. Lon.o 6
E, lat. g0 52 N. ‘
BricNoLues, a town of France, in
the department of Var and late provinee
of Provence. It is famous tor its prunes 3
and is feated among mountains, in a
pleafant country, 325 miles ssz of Paris.
Lon. 6 15 £, lat. 43 24.N.
BriuveGa, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, where general Stanhope and the
Englifh army were taken prifoners, in
1719, after they had feparated from that,
commanded by count Staremberg. It is
feated at the foot af the mountain Ta-
juna, 43 miles Ne of Madrid. Lon. 4
Io W, lat. 40 50 N.
BRIMPSFIELD,a village in Gloucefter,
fhire, on the river Stroud. Here are the
foundations of a caitle long deftroyed,
and it had alfo a nunnery. The river
Stour rifes here, and the Roman Ermine-
{treet extends along the fide of this parith,
It is feven miles:ss of Gloucefter.
BRINDiCI, an ancient feaport of Na-
ples, in Otranto, with an archbifhop's
fee, anda fortrefs. It is feated on the
gulf of Venice, 32 miles £ of Tarento.
Lon. 18 15 2, lat. 4045 N.
Brinn, a town of Moravia, where the
aflembly of the ftates meet.’ It was in-
vetted by the Pruifians in 1742; but they
were obliged to vaife the fiege. It is
feated at the confluence of the Zwitta ad
BRI
Swart, 53 miles n of Vienna, and 27 sw
- Olmutz. Lon. 16 40 £, Jat. 49
N.
Brioupg, in France, the name of two
towns, a mile diftant from each other, in
the department of Upper Loire and late
‘ovince of Velay; oné of which is called
ld Brioude,and the other Church Brioude,
en account of afamous chapter. Old Bri-
eude is seated on the river Allier, over
which is a bridge of one arch, 173 feet
in diameter. if is 36 miles s of Iffoire,
‘and 225 8 by £ of Paris. Lon. 2 50 £,
hat. 45 16.N.
BRIQUERAS, 2 town of Piedmont, in
the valley of Lucern, three miles from the
town of that name. Lon. 7 34 £, lat.
44 56 N.
Brisacu, Ouip, 2 town of Suabia,
once the capital of Brifgaw. It was taken
by the French in 1638 and in 1703; but
was reftored each time to the Auftrians.
It is feated on the Rhine, over which
is a bridge of boats, 35 miles s of Straf-
burg. Ten. 749, lat. 482N.
Brisacu, New, a fortified town of
France, in the department of Upper Rhine
and late province of Alface. It is feated
oppofite Old Brifach, about a mile trom
the Rhine, and 23s of Strafburg.
7 408, lat. 48 5N.
BRisGaw, 2 territory of Suabia, on
the g fide of the Rhine, which {eparates
Lon,
it from France. One part belongs to the
houfe of Auftria, of which Friburg is the
eopital the other to the houfe of Baden.
RISSAC, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Maine and Loire and late
rovince of Anjou, feated on the Au-
ence, 13 miles s of Angers. Lon. 0 27
W, lat. 47 20 N.
BrisTob, a city and feaport in Glou-
eeiterfhire and Somertetthire; to which
laft county it was accounted to belong,
before it .tormed a feparate jurifdiction.
In wealth, trade, and population, it has
long been reckoned the fecond in. this
kingdom ; though Liverpool now claims
pre-eminence as a feaport alone. It
is feated at the confluence of the Avon
‘with the Frome, ten miles from ‘the
influx of the Avon into the Severn.
The tide rifing to a great height in thefe
narrow rivers, brings vefiels of confiderable
burden to the’ quay, which extends along
the inner fhores of the Frome and Avon ;
bur, at low water, they lie aground in
‘the mud. It has 18 churches, befide the
cathedral, a bridge over the Avon, a cul-
tomhouje, and an exchange. Briftol has
\. @ prodigious trade; for itis reckoned
that hence 2000 fhips fil yearly. Here
BRI
are no lefe then 15 glafshoules: and the
fugar-refinery is one of its princip! manu-
faétures. The Hot Well, about a mile
from the town, on the fide of the Avon, is
much reforted to: it is of great purity,
‘and has obtained a high reputation in con-
fumptive cafes. In St. Vincent's Kock,
above this well, are found thofe native
cryftals, fo well known under the name of
Briftol ftones. Befide this well, there is
a cold {pring, which guthes out of a rock
on the fide of the river, that fupplies the
cold bath. The city walls have been de-
molifhed long ago; but there are feveral
bl ftanding. Hereare ufed fledges
inftead of carts, becaufe the vaults and
common fewers would be injured by them.
Briftol is fet by a mayor, has a
market on Wednefday, Friday, and Sa-
turday, and fends two members to parlia-
ment. It is 12 miles WNw of Bath, 34
ssw of Gloucefter, and 124 w of London.
Lon. 2 36 w, lat. 51 28 N.
BrisTou, the capital of the county of
Bucks, in Pennfylvania, feated on the
Delaware, 20 miles nN of Philadelphia.
Lon. 75 8 w, lat. 4015 N.
BRISTOL, atown of N America, in the
ftate of Rhode Ifland, on the continent,
17 miles n of Newport.
BRISTOL, a cape of Sandwich Land,
inthe Southem Ocean. Lon. 26 51 wy
lat. 592 s.
Britain, or Great Brirarn, the
moft confiderable of all the European
iflands, extending 550 miles from N to s,
snd 290 from £ to w. It lies to the
N of France, from which it is feparated
by the Englifi Channel. Its moft ancient
name was Albion, which, in procets of
time, gave way to that of Britain, by
which it was known to Julius Cefar.
The general divifion of the ifland is into
England, Scotland, and Wales. —
Britain, New, a country in N Ame-
rica, comprehending all the tract Nn of Ca-
nada, commonly called the Efquimaux
country, including Labrador, New N and
New S Wales. It is fubjeét tc Great
Britain; and lies between 50 and 70°'N
lat. and between 50 and 100° W lon.
There are innumerable lakes and morafles,
which are covered with ice and {now a
great part of the year. The principal
fettlements belonging to the Englifh Hud-
fon’s Bay Company are Churchill, Nelion,
New Severn, and Albany, on the w fide
of Hudfon’s Bay.
Britain, NEw, an ifland to the n of
New Guinea. By whom it was firft dif-
covered is uncertain. Dampier firft fail-
ed through the ftrait which deparates i@
BRO
from New Guinea; and captain Carteret,
in 1767, failed through another ftrait,
which divides it into two iflands, the
northernmoft of which he called New-
Ireland. New Britain lies in lon. 152
t9 E, and Jat.408. The fhores of both
land are rocky, the inland parts high
and mountainous, but covered with trees
of various kinds, among which are the
nutmeg, the cocoa-nut, and different kinds
of palm, The inhabitants are black, and
woolly-headed, like negroes, but have not
their flat nofes and thick lips.
Bairrany. See BRETAGNE.
Brives-LA-GAILLARDE, an ancient
town of France, in the department of
Correze and late province of Limofin.
It is feated near the confluence of the
Correze and the Vezere, in a delightful
valley; on which account it has received
the appellation of La Gaillarde. It has
a handiome hofpital and college; and a
fine walk, planted with trees, which fur-
rounds the town, and adds to the beauty
of its fituation. Since the year 1764, {e-
veral manufactures have been eftablifhed
here; fuch as filk handkerchiefs, muflins,
gauzes, &c. It is 37 miles s of Limo-
ges, and 220 s by w of Paris, Lon. 1
258, lat.45 15 N. :
BRIxEN, 3 town of Germany, in the
Tirol, capital of the bithopric of Erixen,
It is feated at the confluence of the
Rientz and Eyioch, 15 miles & of Tirol,
and 40 N of Trent. Lon. 11 47 £, lat.
4545 N.
BrixeN, a bishopric of Germany, in the
Tirol. Itis extremely mountainous, but
produces excellent wine. The bithop is a
prince of the empire.
Brizen, or BRIETZEN, a town of
Germany, in the middle marche of Bran-
denburgh, feated on the Adab, 12 miles
NE of Wittemberg.
Bropera, 2 fortrefs and town of Hin-
sooftan Proper, in Guzerat, in the NE
art of the tra&t lying between the rivers
apty and Myhie. Through this place
runs the great road, from Surat to Ougein.
It is 95 miles s by w of the former,
and 195 Ne of the latter. Lon. 73 11 By
lat. 22 15N.
Brep, or Bropt, a ttrong place of
Hungary, on the river Save, famous for
‘a battle gained by the Turks in 1688. It
is 20 miles sz of Pofega. Lon. 19 258,
hat. 45 20 N.
Brop Nemexs, or TevtTcu-Brop,
a town of Bohemia, on the river Sozawa,
‘go'thilés s by & of Czazlaw. Lon. 15
HOB, lat. 49 33.N-
BRO
on the river Berezina, 100 miles 8 of Pe-
lotik. Lon. 28 § B, lat. 448m.
BROEK, 2 town of Weiltphalia, in the
duchy ef Berg, the capital of a
of the fame name ; feated on the Roer, 22
miles N of Dufleldorp. Lon. 6 53 &, lat.
53 23 N.
Broek, in N Holland, fix miles from
Amfterdam, one of the moft fingwlar and
pifturefque villages in the world. The”
inhabitants, though peafants only, are all
riche The ftreets are paved in mofaic
work, with variegated bricks. The
houtes are painted on the outfide, and
look as frefh as if quite new. Each has
a garden and terrace, inclofed by a low
railing, that permits every thing to be
feen. The terrace is in the front of the
houfe, and from this is adefcen: into the
garden, which forms the feparation be-
tween each houfe. The gardens are ao
dorned with china vafes, grottos of thell-
work, trees, and flowers; with borders
compoled of minute particles of glafs, of
different colours, and difpofed into a va-
viety of forms. Behind the houfes and
rdens are meadows, full of cattle gras-
ing: the outhoufes are likewile behind ;
fo that wagons, carts, and cattle, never
enter thefe neat ftreets.
Broken Bay, a bay of New S Wales,
on the £ coaft of New Holland. It is
formed by the mouth of a great rivet
called the Hawkefbury. Lon. 151 27 By
lat. 33 34.8.
BroM.ey, a town in Kent, with a
market on Thurfday. ‘ Here is a college
for 30 poor clergymen's widows; and
near the town is the palace of the bifho
of Rochefter, where there is a miner:
{fpring. Bromley is 10 miles s by £ of
London. Lon. 0 6 B, lat. 52 23 N.
BromLey, a town in Staffordhire,,
with a market on Tuefday. It was
formerly called Abbets-Bromley, and
afterward Pagets-Bromley, being given
to lord Paget at the difolution of the
abbies. It is feven miles 2 of Stafford,
and 130 Nw of London. Lon. » 35 w,
lat. 52 50 N.
BroMtey, a village near Bow, in
Middlefex. It had once a monattery, the
church of which is ftill ufed by the in-
habitants. ;
Brompron, a village in Middlefex,
two tmiles-w by s of London. Here is
the public botanical garden and. librasy
of Nie. William Curtis. -
BromTon, a village in Kent, fituate.
on an eafy afcent from Chatham, and
containing the fine barracks for the mia
Bropz150}). 3 town of Lithuanja, on litary-of that garsifon. :
127245
BRU
BromsGrove, a town in Worcetter-
fhire, with a market on l'uciday. It is
feated ow the river Salwarp, und has a
coniiderable trade in clothing. It is 15
miles NNE of Worcefter, and 115 NW of
London. Lon. 3 50 Ww, lat. 52 25 N.
BROMYARD, a town in Herefordshire,
with a market on Tuctday. It is 18
miles w of Worcciter, and 125 WNW of
London. Lon. 2 20 w, iat. §2 8 N.
Bronno, a town of Italy, in the Mi-
Jane‘e, 10 miles sz of Pava. Lon. 9 26
gb, lat. 456 N.
Broom, Loc, a great lake and arm
ef the fea, in Roisthire, onthe w coatt of
Scotland. It has long :been noted tor
herrings of peculiar excellence, and is
etteemed one of the belt fithing {tations on
the coait.
Brora, a feaport on the e coaft of
Sutherlandfhire. Here is a coal mine,
which was lately worked, and the coal
uied in the manufacture of falt; but
it cannot be exported, or carried to any
diitance, as it takes five on being expoted
to the air. Brora is 40 miles N by £ of
Jnvernels.
Brora, a river in Sutherlandfhire,
which iffues from a lake of the fame name.
Above the town of Brora, it forms feveral
fine cafcades; and, below it, falls into
the Britifh Ocean. The precipices on
the banks of this river are compoled of
limeftone, in which a variety of fhells are
imbedded,
Brovuace, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Charente and late
province of Saintonge. Its falt-works
ave the fineft in France, and the falt is
called Bay-falt, becaufe it lies ona bay
ef the fea, It is 17 miles s of Rochelle,
and 170 sw of Paris. Lon. 14 WwW, lat.
45 52 Ne ;
Brouca, 2 town of Sicily, on the gulf
of Catania, 15 miles s of Catania. Lon.
5 30, lat. 3725.N.
BROVERSHAVEN, 2 feaport of the
United Provinces, in the ifland of Schonen,
nine miles sw of Helvoetfluys. Lon. 4
15 £, lat. 51 4o N.
BRUCHSAL, a town.of Germany, in .
the bithopric of Spire, feated on the river
Satz, five miles se of Philipfburg. Lon.
3368, lat. 40 11 N.
. Bauce, or Brovuc,a town of Swiffer-
And, in Argau, feated on the river Aar,
ever which is a bridge. It has acollege,
with a public library ; and is 22 miles sz
ot Bafil. Lon. 8 4 £; lat. 47 21.N.
_ Bruoes, 2 large epifcopal city of Au-
firian Flanders, once the-greate(t trading
wwa in Europe; but, im the 16th eca-
BRU
tury, the civil wars, occafioned by the
tyranny of Philip m, drove the trade firtt
to Antwerp, and thento Amfterdam. It,
therefore, is not populous now in propor.
tion to its extent; and pofleffes nothing to
attract attention but tome fine churches
and rich monafteries. Its fituation, how-
ever, {till commands fome trade; for it
has canals to Ghent, Oftend, Sluys, Nieu-
port, Furnes, Ypres, and Dunkirk. Bru-
ges has been often taken and retaken, the
laft time, by the French, in 1794. It is.
eight miles £ of Qitend. Lon. 3 5 zr,
lat. §2 12 Ne
Brucaeg, or BRUGGEN, a town of
Lower Saxony, in the bishopric of Hildet-
heim, fix miles trom the city of that name.
Lon. 10 5 E, lat. 52 6 N.
BRUGNETO, an ame town of Italy,
in the territory of Genoa, at the foot of
the Appennines, 35 miles sz of Genoa..
Loi 9 308, lat. 44.15 N.
By ‘etTro, a flrong and importans
place Pidemont, near Suia, which it
defer. us.
BRUNSEUTTLE, a {eaport of Germany,
in Holftein, at the mouth of the Elbe, 13
miles Nw of Gluckftadt. Lon. 9 2 &£,
lat. 542 N.
Brunswick, a country of Germany,
in the circle of Lower Saxony, bounded
on the 'N by Lunenburg, on the w by the.
circle of Weftphalia, on the s by Hefle,
and on the — by Anhalt, Halberftadt, and
Magdeburg. ‘Fhe principal rivers are the
Weiar, Ocker, and Lyne. It is diviced
into four duchies andtwocounties. ‘The
duchies of Brunfwick Proper and Brunf-
wick Wollenbuttle, with the counties of
Rheinftein and Blankenburg, are fubject
to the duke of Brunfwick Wolfenbuttle ;
while the eleétor of Hanovor is duke of
Brunfwick Grubenhagen and Brunfwick
Calenberg, which alio includes the diftriét
of Gottingen. The duke of Brunfwick
Wolfenbutile is ftyled duke of Brunfwick
and Lunenburg, as well as the elector of
Hanover, they being both defcended from
Erneft duke of Lunenburg and.Zell, whe
died: in 154.6.
Brunswick, alarge city of Germany,
in the duchy of Bruniwick. It was fora
merly an imperial and hanfeatic town; till
it was taken by the duke of Prone
Wolfenbuttle in 1671, who built a citadel
to keep it in awe. In the fquare before.
the cadftle is a famous ftone ftatue, with-2
lion made of block-tin, done after the
life. - Here is alfo a rich monatftery of St.
Blaife, whofe prior is a prince of the
houfe of Bevern. This town is famous
for the liquas, called: Mum, which has
ters St
harbou
merou
loyalift
States,
capital.
RU
feat of
Countr
{quares
man
Rises ‘
fecond
43 year
of nunt
like al
being |
the wo
leave
Bruffel
camble
by ma
4000 h
more t
the laf
is feate
on the
cation
and is
Ghent
421
; Bat
BRU
hence the name of Brunfwick Mui. It
is feated on the Ocker, 55 miles w of
Magdeburg. Lon. to 42 By. lat. 52
25 N.
*Baunswice, a town of Georgia, in
N America, where the Turtle River en-
ters St. Simon's Sonnd. It has a fafe
harbour, capable of containing a nu-
merous fleet of men of war; trom its
advantageous fituation, and the fertili-
ty of the back country, it promifes to
be one of the firft trading towns in
Georgia. It is 70 miles wsw of Savan-
nah. Lon. 820 Ww, lat. 31 10 N.
BRUNSWICK, a city of New Jerfey,
in N America, fituate on the Raritau,
12 miles above Perth rol Its fitu-
ation is low and unpleafant ; but the inha-
bitants are beginning to build on a plea-
fant hill, which rifes at the back of the
town. They have a confiderable inland
trade, and many finall veffels belonging
tothe port. Here is a flourifhing college,
called Queen's College. Lon. 75 0 w,
lat. 40 20 N.
Brunswick, New, in N America,
one of the two provinces into which No-
va Scotia was divided in 1784; bounded
on the w by ‘New England, on the n by
Canada, on the gz by the gulf of St. Law-
rence, and on the s by the bay of Fundy
and Nova Scotia. At the conclufion of
the American war, the emigration of
loyalifts to this province, from the United
States, was very great. St. John’s 3s the
capital.
Baussnts; the capital of Brabant, and
feat of the governor of the Auitrian Low
Countries. It has many magnificent
{quares, public buildings, and walks, and
many public fountains, one of which, in the
Place de Sablon, was ere&ed by Thomas,
fecond earl ot Ailefbury, who refided here
43 years inakind of exile. Here isa kind
of nunnery, called the Beguinage, which is
like a little town, having fome ftreets, and
being furrounded by a wall and a ditch:
the women educated here are allowed to
leave it when they choofe to marry.
Bruffels is celebrated for its fine lace,
camblets, and tapeftry. It was bombarded
by marfhal Villeroy in 1695, by which
4000 houfes were deftroyed ; and has been
more than once taken and retaken fince ;
the laft time by the French in 1794. It
is feated partly onan eminence, and partly
on the rivulet Senne. It has a communi-
cation with the Scheld by a fine canal,
and is 22 miles s of Antwerp, 26 sz of
Ghent, and 148 N by £ of Paris. Lon.
421 EB, lat, 50 51 N.
Bruton, a town ir, Somerfethhire,
BUC
with a market on Saturday, a filk-mill,
and manufaétures in ferges and ftockings.
Here is a treeichool, founded by Edward
v1; and a ftatcly almshoute, confifting of
the ruins of a priory. It is feated on the
river Brew, 12 miles sf of Wells, and 109
w of London. Lon. 2 38 w, lat. 51 7 Ne
Bruyiers, a town of France, in the
department of the Voiges and late pro-
vince of Lorrain, 22 miles s by & of
Luneville. Lon. 6 50 £. lat. 48 18 N.
_ BRYANS-BRIDGE, 2 town of Ireland,
in the county of Clare, feated on the
Shannen, eight miles nN of Limet‘ck.
Lon. 8 34 W, lat. 52 son,
Bua, an ifland of the gulf of Venice,
on the coaft of Dalmatia, near the town of
Traou, called likewife Partridge Ifland,
becaufe frequented by thofe birds.
Buakcos, atown of Portugal, in Beira,
27 miles s of Aveira. Lon. 8 30 w, lat.
4013N.
Bucuan, a diftri& in the ne part of
Aberdeenshire, from the fea to the river
Ythan on the s.
BUCHANNESS, the mott eaftern pro-
montory of Scotland, fituate in the diftri&
of Buchan, in lon. 1 26 w, lat. $7 28 N.
Between this promontory and the town of
Peterhead is the place called the Bullers,
or Boilers of Buchan ; a large oval cavity,
formed by the hand of nature, in the:fteep
rocks on the coaft, about 150 feet deep.
Boats frequently fail into this awful pit,un-
der a natural arch opening to the fea at the
E end, and refembling the & window of
fome great cathedral. At a little dif-
tance, is a vat infulated rock, divided by
a narrow and very deep chaiin from the
land; and in the middle of the reck, many
feet above the level of the water, is a large
triangular aperture, through which
fea, when agitated, rufhes with a tremen-
dous noite.
Bucuaw, a free imperial town of
Suabia, on the Tederfee, with a nunnery,
whole abbefs has a voice in the diet of
the empire. It is 27 miles sw of Ulm,
Lon. 9 4¢ £, lat. 48 10.N.
Bucuorsst, a large and ftrong town
of Walachia, where the hofpodar com-
monly refides. It is 45 miles sz of Tera
govilto, Lon. 26 278, lat.45 7 N.
Bucuorn, a free imperial town of
Suabia, on the lake of Conitance, 18 miles
E of Conitance. Lon. 9 42 £, lat. 47
4IN.
BuCKENHAM, 2 town in Norfolk, wich
a market ‘on Saturday, 12-miles g by w of
Thetford, and 97 Nz of London. Lon.
368, lat. 52 34.N,
BuCkingHam, the chief town ia
w
BUD
Buckinghamshire, with a market on Sa-
turday. It is almoft furrounded by the
Oufe, over which are three ftone bridges.
There was formerly a ca{tle, on a mount,
in the middle of the town. It fends two
members to parliament, and is 25 miles
NE of Oxford, and 57 Nw af London.
Lon. o 53 w, lat. 51 56 N.
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, or Bucks, a
county of Englund, bounded on the wn by
Northamptonfhire ; on the E by Bedford.
fire, Herts, and Micdlefex; on the w
by Oxfordihire, and on the s by Berks.
It is 39 miles in length, and 18 in
breadth, containing 8 hundreds, 185
parifhes, and 11 murket-towns. It fends
¥4 members to parliament, and lies in
the diccede of Lincoln. Its principal rivers
are the Thames, Coln, Oulfe, and -‘Tume.
‘Fhe air is healthy, and the {oil rich,
being chiefly chalk or marl. The moft
general manufacture is bonelace and paper ;
and the woods of the hills, chiefly beech,
form a confiderable article of:profit, both
as fuel and timber.
Rucks, a county of Pennfylvania, 38
miles long and 15 broad. The inha-
bitants, in 1790, were 25,401. Newtown
is the capital.
.. Bupa, the capital of Lower Hungary,
fituate: on the fide of a hill, on the
Danube. The churches and public
buildings are handfome. “In the adjacent
country are vineyards, which produce
excellent wine; and hot baths that were
in excellent order, with magnificent
rooms, while the Turks had poffedtion of
this place. It was taken by the Turks
im 1526, and retaken by the Auftrians
the fame year. The Turks took it again
i 1529, and it was afterwards befiegcd
feyeral times by the Germans to no
pw'pofe, till 1686, when it was taken. It
is 105 miles sE of Vienna, and 560 Nw
of Conftantinople, Lon. 18 22 8, lat,
@7.25.N5
BuppEsDALE, a town in Suffolk,
with a market on Thurfday. It is feated
in a valley, 15 miles Ne of Bury, and
88° Ne of London, Lon. 1 4 2, lat. 52
22 N,
BuDELICH, 4 town of Germany, in the
archbifhopric of Treves, on the ‘Traen,
ro miles £ of Treves. Lon, 6°55 °E,
dat. 49 50 N. ; ,
Rupga, a ftrong epifeopal town of
Dalmatia, fubjeét to the Venetians. It
was, almoft ruined by. an’ earthquake in
1647; and is 30 miles se ef Ragufa,
Lon, 18.58 Ey lai 42 30.N.
Buprio, a town of Italy, in-the Bo-
Jognefe, wisofe adjicent ehh: produce
BUL
large quantities of fine hemp. It is eight
miles £ of Bologna. Lon. 11 37 £, lat.
44 30 N. :
Bupweis, a town of Bohemia, taken
feveral times in the war of 1741. It is
70 miles 5 of Prague, and 85 NW of
Vienna. Lon. 14 52 E, lat. 48°55 N.
Buen Ayre, See BONAIRE.
Buenos AYRES, or CIVIDAD DE
LA TRinipap, aconfiderable teaport of
La Plata, in § America, with a bifhop’s,
fec. It is well tortified; and hither is
brought’a great part of the treafures and
merchandite of Peru and Chili, which
are exported to Spain. It was founded
by Mendota in. 1535, but atterward
abandoned ; and in 1544, another colony
of the Spaniards came here, who left it
allo; but it was rebuilt in 1582, and ig
at prefent inhabited by Spaniards and the
native Americans. It is feated on the
Plata, so miles from the ocean, though
the river there is 21 miles in breadth.
Lon. 58 31 wy, lat. 34 35 Ss.
Buia, a populous feaport of the
kingdom of Algiers, at the mouth of
the Major, on a bay of the Mediterra-
nean. It hasa ftrong caftle, but fir Edward
Spragge deftroyed fevera? Algerine men
of war under its walls in 1671. It is 75
miles £ of Algiers. Lon. 3 58 £, lat.
36 49 N.
SUILTH, a town in Brecknockthire,
feated on the Wye, over which is a
bridge into Radnorthire. It has'a market
on Monday and Saturday, and‘ is 12
miles N of Brecknock, and 171 w by N
of London. Lon. 3 14 wy, lat. 52 8 N.
Buis, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Drome and }ate provirice of
Dauphiny, 40 miles sw of Gap,
Buxkart, a town of Hungarian Dal-
matia, with a harbour; on the gulf of
Bikeriza, near the gulf of Venice, ten
miles NE of Veghia. Lon. 14 59 £, lat.
4529 N.
Buiac, a town of Egypt, on the
‘Nile, two miles w of Grand Cairo,
being the feaport of that city. On the
» fide of it is the Califch, whofe banks
are cut every year, to conyey the waters
of the Nile, by a canal, to Grand Cairo,
Lon. 31 22 8, lat. 302 Ns
Bu Lam, an ifland of Africa, at the
mouth of ‘the Rio Grande. The foil is
good; and, as it was uninhabjted, a fet.
tlement of free Blacks was formed here,
in 1792, hy the Englifh, who purchafed
it of ‘the neighbouring kings’ Lon. 15 0
Wy lat. 110 N. ;
BuLcaria, a province of, Turkey in
Enirope; bounded on’ the 9 by Walachia,
on th
Rom
by Se
B
Cum!
Wail
Rom
dnd }
¥t is
B
fitor
of th
by a
inha
furro
nares
taino
iquay
Ynond
fortre
Lon.
B
mark’
kings
Jantic
BU.R
on the & by the Black Sea, on the s by
Romania and Macedonia, and on the w
by Servia.
BULNESS, or BOWNESS, a village in
Cumberiand, at the end of the Pitts
Wail, on the Solway Frith. It was a
Roman ftation, called Biatum Bulgium ;
and hence Antoninus began his Itinerary.
¥t is 13 mies W by N or Carlitle.
BUNDELA, or BUNDELCUND, a ter-
ritory or Hintooftan Proper, on the sw
of the river Jumna, and sepsrated trom it
by a narrow tract of low country. It is
inhabited by a tribe or Rajpoots, and is
furrounced by che dominions ot Oude, Be-
nares, and the Mahrattas. Ir is a moun-
tainous tratt, of more than roo miles
f{qudie, and contains the celebrated dia-
rnond mines of Panna, with fome ftrong
fortrefles. Chatterpour is the capital.
Lon. 79 7§ 8, lat. 250 N.
BunGay, a town in Suffolk, with a
market on ‘Fhur.day, feated on the
Wavenay, which is navigable hence to
Yarmouth. It has two churches; and
the ruins of @famous nunnery, and of a
caftle. In'1689, the town was almoft all
de“royed by fire. It is now, however,
a good trading p'ace; and the women ure
employed in ‘knitting worfted ftockings.
Mt is 36 miles N by £ of Ipfwich, and
107 NE of London, Eon. 1 30 £, lat.
5% 35 N-
Bunco, a kingdom of Japan, in the
ifland of Ximo, who'> capital is Taunay.
‘The king of this country was converted
to Chriftianity, and fent an embafly to
pope Gregory, in 1683.
Buniva, a mountain of Greece, be-
tween fanna and Livadia, extending to
the gulf of Zeiton. ‘Ihe ancient name
was CBta; and it is famous for the pats
of Thermopyle (fo called for the hot
baths in the neighbourhood!) where Leo-
nidas, and his gallant 300 Spartans,
refitted; for three days, the whole Perfian
atiny: This is the pince, feigned by the
ancierits to be the feene of the death of
Hercules.
BUNTINGFORD, a town of Herts, with
a market on Monday, feven miles 5 of
Royiten, and 41 N’by £ of Londori. Lon,
©6 8, lat. 51 53 N.
BuraGRras, ariver of Barbary, in the
kingdom of Fez, whith falls into the At-
lanti¢ Ocean, at Sallee.
BuRELLA, or CiviTaA BURRELLA, 2
town of Naples, in Abruzzo Citeriore,
20 miles s of Lanciario. Lon. 14 48 £,
tat. 41 58 N.
_ Buren, a town of Dutch Guelder-
land, which gives the title of count of
BUR
Buren to the prince of Orange. It is 22
miles w of Niméguen. Lon. 5 12 4,
lat. 51 58 N.
Buren, a town of Weltphalia, in
the bifhépri¢ of Padetbotn, {éated on
the Aline, to miles s of Paderborn.
Lon. 3 §3 B, lat. 53 16 N.
BuREN, & town of Swifferland, in the
canton of Bern, icated off the Aar, be-
tween Arberg and Soleure.
BurRForD, a town in Oxfordthire, with
2 market on Saturday ; feaied on the river
Windruth, and feted ior the making of
faddies, and for the downs in its nigh-
bourhocd. It is 17 miles Ww by N of
Oxtord, and 71 w of London. Lon. 1
33 W, lat. 51 49 N.
Bura, a town of the United Pro-
vinces, in Zutphen, féated on the Old
Yifel, 18 miles & of Nimeguen.' Lon.
615 £, lat. 52 59 N.
BurGaAw, a town and éaftle of Suabia,
capital of a mi*yravate of thé fame
name. It belongs to the houfe of Auftriz,
and is 26 miles w of Augiburgi Eon.
10 25 £, lat. 48 28 £. je
BuroporF, a large town of Swiffer-
land, in the canton of Bern, with a
caftle. It is feated on an ‘eminence, eight
miles NE of Bern. Lon. 7 ‘19 E, fat.
46 58 N.
BurGs< Lear, a village in Hamp-
fhire, three miles w of Kingfclear. On
the top of a hill, near it, is the tracés
of a camp, and an extenfive profpect.
Burcu-vpon-Sanps,, a village in
Cumberland, near Solway Frith, where
Edward the Firft died, in 1307, as he
was preparing for an expedition againtt
Scotland. The fpot where he died is
diftinguifhed by a column 27 feet high,
crested by the duke of Norfolk in 1665.
It is five miles nw of Carlifle.
BurGos, a town of Spain, capital
of Old Caftile, and ari archbifhop’s fee.
The fquares, public buildings, and foun-
tains are fine. It is feated partly on a
mountain, and partly on the river Arari-
zon, 95 rfiles E by s of Leon, ahd’ r¥7
N of Madrid. Lon. 3 30 wy, lat. 4%
20 Ne
Burcunny, a late province of France’
112 miles in lerigth, and 75 in breaden ;
bounded on the & by Franche Compté,
on the w by Bourbonnois and Nive¥noié,
on the s by Lyonois, and on the nN by
Champagne. It is fertile in corn, fruits
and excellent wines; and is now form
into thé three departments of Cote d’Or,
Saoné and Loire, and Yonne.
BurHANPOUR, a city of Hindéoftan
in the Degcan, Be capital of Owndeith,
2
BUR
and, at one period, of the Deccan alfo. It
is ftill a flourifhing city, fituate in the
midtt of a delightful country, 225 miles £
by w of Surat. Lon. 76 19 £, lat. 21
a5 .N.
Burick, a town of Germany, in the
duchy of Cleves, feated on the Rhine, op-
polite Wefel, 17 miles sz of Cleves. Lon.
6 18 BE, lat. 51 32 N.
BuRKHAUSEN, a town of Germany, in
Lower Bavaria, on the river Saltz, 27
miles N by w of Saltzburg. Lon. 12
50 E, lat. 40 17 N. ;
BuRLINGTON, a town in Yorkhhire.
See BRIDLINGTON.
- BURLINGTON, a town of New Jerfey,
in N America, feated on the Delaware,
which is here a mile brcad, and affords a
fate and convenient harbour. Here are
two places of worfhip ; one for the quakers
(the moft numerous) the other tor the
epifcopalians; alfo two market-houles, a
court-houfe, and the beit gaol in the ftate.
It is a free port; and the mayor holds a
commercial court, when the matter in con.
troverfy is between foreigners, or to-
reigners and citizens. It is 17 miles N of
Philadelphia. Lon. 75 10 W, lat. 4017 N.
BurmMau, an extenfive kingdom of
Afia, to the £ of the Ganges ; fometimes,
but erroneoufly, called Ava, from the name
of its capital. It is bounded by Pegu on
the s, and occupies both fides of the river
Ava, to the frontiers of China; on the
w it has Aracan, and on the — Upper
Siam. . This country, which is little
known to Europeans, produces fome of
the beft teek timbér in India. Ships built
of teek, upward of 40 years old, are no
uncommon objects in the Indian {feas,
where an European fhip is ruined in five
ycars. The forefts which produce this
valuable wood, ave fituate between the w
bank of the Ava and the country of Ara-
can, and are only 250 miles from the fea,
by the courfe of the river.
BurnuaM, atown in Norfolk, with
a market on Monday and Saturday. It is
feated near the fea, 29 miles Nw of Nor-
wich, and 126 NE of London. Lon. o
48 £, lat. 534.
‘BuRNHAM, a town in Effex, at the
mouth of the viver Crouch, which is here
called Burnbam Water. The Walffeet
and Burnhain oyfters are the product of
the creeks and pits of this river. Burn-
ham is 11 miles se of Malden.
BuRNLEY, a town in Lancafhire, with
a market on Monday, 35 miles sez of
Vancafter, and 208 NNW of Loudon.
Lon’ 2 r§w, lat. 53 46N. -
BURNTISLAND, a borough in Fife-
BUR
fhire, on the frith of Forth, with an ex..
cellent liarbour. It is feated under a ftu-
pendous rock, ten miles Nw of Edin-
burgh. Lon. 3 5 W, lat. 56 8N.
BuRRAMPOOTER, 2 river of Afia,
which rifes near the head of the Ganges,
in the mountains of Thibet. Thefe two
rivers, ifluing from oppofite fides of the
fame ridge of mountains, direct their
courfe toward oppofite quarters, till they
are more than 1200 miles afunder; meet-
ing in one point near the fea, after each
has performed a winding courfe of more
than 2000 miles. From its fource, the
Burrampooter proceeds E through Thi-
bet, where it is named Sanpoo, or Zan-
cin; that is, the River: after wafhing
the border of the territory of Laffa, it
proceeds sE to within 220 miles of Yunan,
the wefternmoft province of China: it
then turns fuddenly to the w, and paffing
through Affam, «ffumes the name of Bur-
rampooter. It enters Bengal on the Ng,
makes a circuit round the weftern point of
the Garrow Mountains, and then, alter-
ing its courfe to s, meets the Ganges about
40 miles from the fea. During the laft
60 miles before its junction with the
Ganges, it forms a ftream which is regu-
larly from four to five miles wide; and,
but for its frefhnefs, might pais for an
arm of thé fea. ’
Bursa, or Prusa, one of the largeft
cities of Turkey in Afia, capital of Bec.
fangil. It was the capital of the Otto
man empire before the taking of Con-
ftantinople. It ftands upon feveral little
hills, at the foot of Mount Olympus;
and on the edge of a fine plain full of
fruit.trees, So many {prings proceed
from the mount, that every houfe has its
own fountain. The mofques are elegant,
as are the caravanfaries. The bezeitine
is a large ftructure full of warehoufes and
fhops, containing all the commodities of
the Eaft, befide their own manufactures
in filk. Here are the beft workmen in
all Turkey, who are excellent aitators
of the tapeftry of Italy and France. It
contains about 40,000 Turks, and none
but muffelmans are permitted to dwell in
the city ; but the fuburbs, which are much
finer, and better peopled, are filled with
Jews, Armenians, and Greeks. Burfa
is gg miles s of Conftantinople, Lon.
29 5 E, lat. 39 22 N.
Burton upon TRENT, a town in
Staffordfhires with a market on Thurt-
day. It had formerly a large abbey ; and
over the Trent is a tamous bridge of free-
ftone, a quarter of a mile in length, fup-
ported by 37 arches, Jt confilts chiefly
ef on
fite off
a 00
Burta
quant
river
parts
12m
ef Ld
BUS
ef one long ftreet, which runs from the
fite of the abbey to the bridge; and has
a good market for corn and provifions,
Burton is famous for excellent ale; great
quantities of which are fent down the
river to Hull, and exported to other
parts of the kingdom and abroad. It is
x2 miles NE of Lichfield, and 124. NNW
ef London. Lon. 1 gow, lat. 52 48N.
Burrov,a town in Lincolnfhire, with
a market on Monday; feated on a hill,
near the Trent, 30 miles n of Lincoln,
and 164 N by w of London. Lon. 0 36
W, lat. 53 40N.
BuRTON,atownin Weftmorland, with
a market on Tuefday ; feated in a valley,
near a hill called Earleton-Knothill, 11
miles N of Lancafter, and 247 NNW of
London. Lon. 2 50 wy Jat. 54 10 N.
Bury, a town in Lancafhire, with a
market on Thurfday. It ftands on the
Trwell, and is noted for its fuftian manu-
fature, and the coarfe goods called half-
thicks and kerfeys. Roman coins have
‘been dug up here.. In 1787, more than
300 ptricns were buried by the fall
of the theatre, and many of them were
killed, or much bruifed. Bury is 36 miles
SE of Lancafter, and 190 NNW of Lon-
don. Lon. 2 24 w, lat. 53 36 N.
_ Bury St. Epmunps, a borough in
Suffolk, with a market on Wedne‘day
and Saturday. The fituation is pleafant,
and the air is fuppofed to be the beft in
England; for which reafon it is tre-
quented by genteel people. The noble
ruins of its abbey, are {till ftanding near
the two churches, which are both large,
and feated in one churchyard. In St.
Mary’s, lies Mary, queen of France, who
was married to Charles Brandon duke of
Suffolk. Bury fends two members to
parliament, and took its name from St.
Edmund the king, who was buried here,
after being murdered in a wood. Here is
an ancient guildhall, a feflions houfe, a
theatre, a treefchool, &c. The affizes
are held here. It is 14 miles E of New-
market, and 72 NNE of London. Lon.
0468, lat, 52 22 N.
BussaRAu, or Bassora, a city and
feaport of Turkey in Afia, in Irac Ara-
bia, 40 miles Nw of the gulf of Perfia.
It ftands on the Euphrates, a canal from
which divides the city into two parts ;
and over it is a bridge of boats. The
¢ircumference is very large; but a great
number of date-trees are planted within
the walls. The houles are conftructed
of bricks dried in the fun, and haye a
very mean afpect. Here are many Jews,
whoflive by brokerage, and exchanging
BUX
money; but they are kept very poor... In:
1691, the plague deftroyed 80,000 of the
inhabitants; but it was afterward peo-
led by the wild Arabs, who were foon
brought under the fubjeétion of the:
Turks. The trade here is not fo confi-
derable as it was formerly. It is 240
miles s by E of Bagdad. Lon. 44 52 8,
lat. 29 26N.
BuTESHIRE, a county of Scotland, '
confifting of the iflands of Bute,. Arran,
and Inchmarnoc, which lie in the frith of
Clyde. They are fertile in corn and.
paftures, and there is a confiderable her-
ring-fithery. This fhire fends a member
i: parliament alternately with Caithnefs-
ire.
BuTRaco, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, feated on the Lozoya, 30 miles
N by E of Madrid. Lon. 3 5 w, lat. 40
46 N.
BuraginTo, a feaport and epifcopal
town of Turkey in Europe, in Albania,
on the canal of Corfu, and at the entrance
of the gulf of Venice, 30 miles s of Chi-
mzra. Lon. 20 9 £, lat. 39 49 N.
BuTTERMERE WaTER, a. lake in
Cumberland, eight miles sw of Kefwick.
It is two miles long, and nearly: one
broad. On the w fide it is terminated by
-a mountain, called, from its ferruginous
colour, the Red Pike. A ftrip of culti-
vated ground adorns the & fhore. A
group of houfes, called Gatefgarth, is
feated on the s extremity, under a very
extraordinary amphitheatre of mountain-
ous rocks. Here Honifter Crag is feen
rifing to a vaft height, flanked by two
conical mountains, Fleetwith on the E and
Scarf on the w fide. A hundred moun-
tain torrents form never-failing cataraéts
that thunder and foam down the centre of
the rock, and form the lake below. This
lake is called the Upper Lake; and, near
a mile trom it, tothe NE is the Lower
Lake, called alfo Cromack Water. The
river Cocker flows through both thefe
lakes to Cockermouth.
Burton's Bay, the n part of Hud-
fon’s Bay, through which attempts have
been made to difcover a Nw paflage to
China. It is fo called from fir Thomas
Button, who here loft his thip, and came
back in a floop built in the country. It
lies between 60 and 66° N lat.
Butzaw, atown of Germany, in the
bifhopric of Schwerin, 17 miles sw of
Roftock. Lon. 11 55 8, lat. 540 N.
Buxton, a village in Derbythire, at
the entrance of the Peak. It has nine
wells that rife near the fource of the river
Wye; and are deemed one of the fevey
G4
CAB
wonders of the Peo. Their waters were
noted in the time of the Rotnans. They
arg hot and fulphureous, but create sn
appetite, and open obftrudtions; and, if
bathed in, give relief in {corbutic rheu-
yaatifms, nervous cafes,&c. Much coim-
y refort to them in the fummer. The
ilding for the bath was erected by
George earl of Shrewfbury, and here
Mary queen of Scets was for fome. time.
The duke of Devonthire has erected a
beautiful building in the form of 2 cref-
cent, under which are piazzas and shops.
A mile from hence is another of the won-
ders, called Pool'’s Hole, at the foot
of a mountain. The entrance is low and
narrow, but it prefently opens to a cave
of confiderable height, and 696 feet long,
with a roof refémbling a Gothic cathe-
dral: it contains many ftala€titious con-
cretions, and feveral curicus repre{enta-
tions both of art and nature, produced by
the petrifying water continually dropping
from the rock. Buxton is 32 miles Nw
of Derbv, and 160 NNW of London.
Buzsach, a town of Germany, in
Weteravia, and in the county of Solmis,
29 miles N by £ of Francfort. Lon. 8
44. B, lat. 50 23.
Bycuow, a town of Lithuania, on
the Dnieper, 180 miles sw of Wilna.
Lon. 30 o£, lat. 53 33 N.
Byron’s IsLann, an ifland in the S
Pacific Ocean, difcovered by commodore
Byron in 1765. It is low, full of wood,
and very populous. ‘The natives are tall,
well proportioned; and clean; their fea-
tures good, and their countenance expref-
five of a jurprizing mixture of intrepidity
and cheerfulnefs. Lon. 173 46 £, lat. 1
18 s.
BYZANTIUM.
PLE.
See CONSTANTINO-
C.
AANA. a town of Egypt, on the
river Nile, whence they tran{port
cern and pulle to Mecca. Somie fine
monuments, covered wich hierag]lyphical
characters, have been tound here. It is
320 miles s of Cairo.
jat.26 30 N.
CABECA-DE-VIDE, a town of Portu-
gal, in Alentejo, with a caftle, 12 miles
sw ot Portalegro. Lon. 6 43 w, lat. 39
1DN.
CaBENDA, a feaport of Africa, in Con-
E> ‘oa miles sz of Loango, fubject to
ortu,al. Lon.s2 2, lat, 4.5 s,
‘
~
Lon. 30 23 £,
CAC
Cazes, or Ganes, a town of Africa,
in the kingdom of Tunis, on a river near
a gulf of the fame name. Lon. 10 55
E, lat. 33 40 N.
CABRERIA, an ifland in the Mediter-
ranean, about feven miles 5 of Majorca.
It has a large harbour, defended by a
caftle. :
CABUL, a province of Hindooftan Pro-
per, bounded on the w by Pertia, on the
N by the Hindoo-ko, on the x by Cafh-
mere, and on the s by Candahar. It is
a country highly diverfified; confifting of
mountains covered with eternal fnow;
hills of moderate height and eafy afcent ;
lich plains, and ately forefts ; and thefe
enlivened by innumerable ftreams. It
produces every article neceffary for human
fife, with the moft delicate fruits and
flowers. It is fometiines called Zabuli-
ftan, from Zabul, one of the names #4
Ghizni, which was the ancient capital 0
the country. This province is iubjec
to the king of Candahar.
CaBuL, the capital of the province
of Cabul, and of the dominions of the
king of Candahar, feated near the foot
of the Hindoo-ko, and the fource of the
Attock, which runs near it. Its fitua-
tion is no le{s romantic than pleafant ; and
it has within its reach, the fruits and
other produéts both of the temperate and
torrid zone. It is confidered as the gate
of India toward Tartary, as Candahar is
with refpeét to Perfia. It is 680 miles
NW of Delhi. Lon. 68 58 £, lat. 34
36 N.
Cacaca, a town of the kingdom of
Fez, with a fort upon a rock. The
Moors retook it from the Spaniards in
1534. Lon. 2 55 wy lat. 352. ;
CaCERES, a town of Spain, in Eftra-
madura, famous for its fine wool, and
{uated on the Sabrot, 22 miles sz of Al-
cantara. Lon. § 44 8, lat. 39 11 N.
CacrR+s-pE-CAMARINHA, a town of
Luconia, one of the Philippine Fflands,
witha bithop’s fee. Lon. 124 9 8, lat,
Id 35 N,
- CACHAN, or CASHAN, a ‘town of Per-
fia, in Ivac Agemi, where they carry on
a confiderable trade in filks, fiiver’ and
gold brocades, and fine earthen ware,
‘Vhere are many Chriftians, and Guebres,
or worthippers of fire, in this place. It
is feated in a vaft plain, 55 miles Nn by w
of lfpahan. Lon. 51 558, lat. 33 20 N.
Cacnao, the capital of a province of
the fame name,. in ‘Tonquin, on the river
Hoti,; 0 miles trom the gulf’ of Ton-
quin, It contains 20,009 houfes, whofe
aot ee
te ~ tad oo" rT w 2
CAD
walls are of mud; the roofs covered with
thatch. The houfe of the Englith factory
is the beft in the place. The trading
people are civil to itrangers, but the great
men haughty, and the poor thievifh.
They are pagans and have a great nuin-
ber of pagodas. The factories purchafe
filks and lackered ware, as in China.
Lon. 105 31 E, lat. 22 10 N.
CacHEo, a town of Negroland, feated
on the river St. Domingo. It is fubject
to the Portuguefe, who have three forts,
and carry ona great trade in. wax and
flaves. Lon. 14 55 Ey lat. 12 ON.
_ Caconao, afmall kingdom cf Africa,
on the river Zaire. The inhabitants are
reat traders; and their manners, religion,
and government, are the fame as in Lo-
ango. It lies in lat. 5 0s.
CacoRLa, a town of Spain, an Anda-
lufia, on the rivulet Vega, between two
mountains. It belongs to the archbifhop
of Toledo, and is 15 miles EsE of Ubeda.
Lon. 2 55 E, lat. 37 40 N.
_ CADENAC, a town of France, in the
department of Lot and late province of
Querci, feated on the river Lot, 27 miles
ENE of Cahors. Lon. 2 0 &£, lat. 44
32 N.
CaDENET, a town of France, in the
department of the Mouths of the Rhone
and late province of Provence, 28 miles
se of Avignon. Lon. § 30 E£, lat. 43
42 N.
CaDILLaAc, a town of France, in the
department of Gironde and late province
of Guienne, feated on the Garonne, with
a caftle, 15 miles sE of Bourdeaux. Lon.
p 22 W, lat. 44 40 N.
Capiz, a large and rich city of Spain,
in Andalufia, with a good harbour. It
is a bifhop’s fee, and feated on an ifland,
18 miles in length and nine in breadth ;
but the Nw end, where the city ftands;
js not two broad. It has a communica-
tion with the continent, by a bridge.
The bay formed by it is 12 miles in
length and fix in breadth. The s fide is
inacceffible by fea becaule it is edged with
craggy rocks ; and two forts, the Puntal
and Matagorda, command the ;affage
into the harbour. It is a very ancient
place, being built by the Phenicians: it
was afterward a Roman town; and there
are ftill feveral remains of Roman anti-
quities. All the Spanith thips go hence
to the W Indies, and return hither. It
was plundered by the Englith in 1596;
but being attempted again in 1702, they.
had not the like fuccefs.. It contains
§0,00:inhabitants; and the cathedral is
& handfome-ftruéiure. Ft is 45 miles w
CAE
of Gibraltar, and go w by s of Malaga.
Lon. 6 11 W, lat. 36 31 N.
‘Capore, the capital of the diftri& of
Cadorino, in Italy; and the birthplace
of Titian, the painter. It is 15 mile
nN of Belluno. Lon. 12 0 £y lat. 46
28 .N.
CADORINO, a province of ftaly, in
the territory of Venice; bounded on the
B by Friuli Proper, on the s and w by
the Bellunefe, and on the N by Brixen.
It is a mountainous country, and the chief
town is ‘Cadore.
CADSAND, an ifland on the N coatt of
Flanders, at the mouth of the Scheld,
which river it commands.
CaEN, a confiderable city of France,
in the department of ‘Calvados and late
rovince of Lower Normandy, of which
it was the capital. It has a celebrated
univerfity, and an academy of literature.
The inhabitants are computed at 40,000.
The caftle has four towers, built by the
Englith. The firft Rone. of the noble
barracks was laid in 1786, by the unfor-
tunate Lewis XVI. The late abbey of
St, Stephen. was founded by William the
Conqueror, who was buried init. The
riverOrne runs through the city, to which
the tide brings up large veflels. It is 65
miles w by 8 ot Rouen, and 125 w of
Paris, Lon. 0 17 W, lat. 49 11 N.
Caer. For fome places that ire.
uently begin thus, as Caerdiff, fee under
AR.
CAERLEON, a town in Monmouth-
fhire, with a market on.Thurfday. It
was a Roman town, as is evident from the
antiquities found here; and it has the
ruins of a caftle. It is fated on the Ufk,
19 miles sw of Monmouth, and 148 w
by N of London. Lon. 3 © Wy lat. 51
40 N.
CaERPHILLY, a town in Glamorgan-
fhire, with a market on Thurfday, feated
between the Taafe and F.umney. It is
thought that the walls, now in ruins,
were built by the Romans, whofe coins
are dug up here. It is five miles w
of Landaff, and 158 w of London. Lon.
3.18 w, lat. 51 43.N.
CAERWENT, a village in Monmouth-
fhire, famous for a beautiful teffelated
pavement, difcovered ‘here in 1777; and
afferted to be fuyerior to any fuch difco-
vered on this fide the Alps, and equal to
thofe preferved at Portici. It is four
miles sw of Chepftow.
CaERWIS, a town in Flinthhire, with
amarket on Tuefday, five miles w of
Flint, and 203 nw of London. Lon. 3
30 W, lat. 53.32 N.
. G 4
CAF
Carra, atown of the Crimea, with
‘an excellent harbour. It was taken, in
3266, by the Genoele, who made it the
feat of their trade in the Eaft, and one of
the moft flourithing towns in Afia. It
was taken f:om'them, by the Venetians,
in 1297, but foon recovered ; however, in
3474, the Tartars, affifted by the Turks,
finally expelled them. It was the latt poft
in the Crimea of which the Genoefe retained
the fovereignty. Caffa was the Theodo-
fia of the ancients; a name which has
heen reftored to it fince the Ruffians be-
€ame poflefled of the Crimea. It is feat-
ed on the Black Sea, 150 miles NE of
Conftantinople.. Lon. 35 45 £, lat. 45
3N.
CaFFA, STRAIT OF, the ancient Cim-
merian Bofphorus, a ftrait that forms the
communication between the Black Sea
and the tea of Afoph.
CaFFRAaia, a county of Africa, lying
to the s ot the tropic of Capricorn, and
extending along the Indian Ocean to the
mouth of the Great Fith River, in lat. 30
30S. By this river it is divided from
the country of the Hottentots. Its other
boundaries cannot, at prefent, be afcer-
tained, it having never been vifited by any
European, before the journey which licut.
Paterion made in thefe parts in 1779.
The Caffres are tall and well-proportion-
ed; and, in general, evince great courage
in attacking lions and other beafts of
prey. Their fkin is a jet black, their
teeth white as ivory, and their cyes large.
The clothing of both fexcs is the fame,
confifting entirely of the hides of oxen,
which are as pliant as cloth. The men
wear tajls of different animals tied round
their thighs ; pieces of brafs in their hair,
and large ivory rinsss on their arms: they
are adorned alio with the hair of lions,
and feathers faftered on their heads, with
many other fantafcical ornaments. They
are fo fond of dogs, that if one particu-
larly pleafes them, they will give two
bullocks in exchange for it; and their
exerci‘e is hunting, fighting, or dancing.
They are expert in throwing their lances,
and, in time of war, ufe fhields made of
the hides of oxen. The women are em-
ployed in . ~ cultivation of their gardens
and corn. They raife feveral vegetables,
which are not indigenous to the country,
as tobacco, watermelons, kidneybeans,
and ie They have great pride in
their cattle; and cut their harns in fuch a
way as to be able to turn them inte: any
fhape they pleafe: when they with their
cattle to return, they go a little way from
the houfe and blow a whittle, which is fo
CAH
conftructed as to be heard at a great dif-
tance, and in this manner bring them all
home, without any difficulty. Their
huts are higher and more commodious
than thofe of the Hottentots, and their
lands more fertile ; but theiroxen, and al-
moft all their animals, are much fmaller.
Induitry is the leading trait in the cha.
racter of the Caffres, who are diftinguith-
ed from their neighbours to the s by their
fondnefs for agriculture. They have a
high opinion of the Supreme Being, and
of his power: they bales in a future
ftate of rewards and punifhments, but
think that the world had no beginning,
and will be everlafting. They have no
facred ceremonies, and never pray. They
inftruét their children themfelves, having
no priefts. Inftead of thefe, they have a
kind of conjurors whom they greatly re-
vere. They are governed by an heredi-
tary king, whoie power is very limited,
receiving no tax, and having no troops at
his command; but being permitted to
take as many wives as he plea-es, he has
a larger portion of land to cultivate, and
a greater number of cattle to tend and
feed. His cabin is neither higher, nor
better decorated than the re&; and his
whole family live around him, compofing
a group of 12 or 15 huts. The diftance
ot the different hordes makes it neceflary
that they fhould have inferior chiefs, who
are appointed by the king.
CaGLI, an ancient epifcopal town of
Italy, in the duchy of Urbino, at the foot
of the Appennines, 20 miles s of Urbino.
Lon. 12 42 E, lat. 43 26 N.
CAGLIARI, an ancient and rich city,
capital of Sardinia, with an archbifhop’s
fee, a univerfity, a caftle, and a good
harbour. The French made an untuc-
cefsful attack upon this place in January
1793. Lon. 9 14 £, lat. 39 27 N.
Canors, aconfiderable town of France,
in the department of Lot and late pro-
vince of Querci, with a bifhop’s fee, and
a univerfity. It is feated on a _penin-
fula made by the river Lot, and built part-
ly on a craggy rock. There are three
bridges over the river. The cathedral is
a Gothic ftructure, and has a large {quare
fteeple. It has a manufacture of fine
cloths and ratteens, and furnifhes excellent
red wine. It was taken by affault, in
1580, by Henry Iv, by means of petards,
which were firft employed here. The
arte confifted of 2000 men; _ the af-
ilants were not more than 1500; and
they fought five days and nights in the
ftreets. In one of the fuburbs are the
remains of a Roman amphitheatre. Ca-
hors is §
of Paris
Caja
nia, in
miles N
64 13
Caj
town 0
miles N
41 10
Catiq
n of St
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lat. 21
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Cal
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Cal
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Cal
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ancier
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deli
CAI
hors is 50 miles Nw of Alby, and 287 s
of Paris. Lon. 1 32 £, lat. 44 26 N.
CajANABURG, the capital of E Both-
nia, in Sweden, on Lake Cajania, 300
miles NE of Abo. Lon. 27 45 £, lat.
64 13 N.
Cajazzo, or Cajtzz0, an epifcopal
town of Naples, in Terra di Lavora, 22
miles NE ot Naples. Lon. 14 34 2, lat.
4110 N.
Carcos, iflands of the W Indies, to the
n of St. Domingo, which take their name
from the principal one. Lon. 71 30 w,
lat. 21 40 N.
Catrone, a large and populous city
.f China, feated on the Hoang-ho, in the
province of Honan. When befieged by
the rebels, in 1642, chey cut the dikes of
the river, which drowned 300,000 of the
inhabitants. Lon. 113 27 E, lat. 35 oN.
Caiman IsLaNnps, in the W Indies,
to the Nw of Jamaica, between 81 and
86° w lon. and 21° N lat. The inhabi-
tants of Jamaica come hither to catch
tortoifes, which they carry home alive.
CAIRNGORM, a mountain of Scotland,
in the £ of Inverneisthire, the lofty top
of which is patched with fnow. It is
famous for beautiful rock-cryftals of
various tints, much efteemed by lapi-
daries; and fome of them, having the
luftre of fine gems, bring a high price.
Carro, or Granp Carro, a large
city, capital of Egypt, with a caftle built
ona rock. It confifts of three towns,
about a mile apart; Old Cairo, New
Cairo, and the port termed Billac. The
ancient town had the name of Mefra.
Old Cairo is reduced to a fmall place,
through the harbour for boats that come
from Upper Egypt. Some of the beys
have country houfes here, to which they
retire when the country is overflowed by
the Nile. New Cairo is a mile from the
river, and feven miles: in circumference.
It has three cr four grand gates, but the
f{treets are narrow, and look like lanes.
The fineft houfes are built round a court,
in which they make the beft appearance,
having few or no windows next the ftreet.
To the w of the caftle are the remains of
fome grand apartments, covered with
domes, and adorned with mofaic pictures
of trees and houfes: thefe are now ufed
for weaving and embroidering. — Still
higher is Jo‘eph’s Hall, whence there is a
delightful aie i over the city, the py-
ramids, and all the country round. It
was probably a terrace to that :aagnifi-
cent room which is now open on the top,
and is adorned with ‘large beautiful pil.
lars of red granite. There are feveral
CAK
public bagnios, very handfome within,
and u/ed as places of refrefhment and di-
verfion, efpecially for the women, who
go there twice a week; but the wives of
great men have baths at home. It is ex-
ceedingly populous; feveral tamilies liy-
ing in one houie, and a number of people
in each room; and in the buly time of
the day, the ftreets are fo crowded, that
it is ditficult to pais along. The women
have greater liberty here than in an
part of the Turkifh empire; and there
are particular ftreets where the courte-
zans fit at the doors, richly dreffled. The
Calith isa canal which conveys the waters
of the Nile into the city: it is 20 feet
broad, and has houfes on each fide of it.
As foon as the water begins to rife,
they clofe the mouth of the canal with
earth, and place a mark, to fhow the time
when this and all other canals in the king-
dom are to be opened, which is done with
great folemnity. There are not lefs than
300 mofques in Cairo, the lofty minarets
of which prefent a very piéturefque ap-
pearance. The Europeans have confuls
and taétors here ; ant it was a place of
very great trade, before the difcovery of
the Cape of Good Hope. It is fuppofed
to contain 700,000 inhabitants; and is
feated near the Nile, 100 miles 5 of its
mouth. Lon. 3r 27, lat. 302 N.
CaIROAN, or KalIROAN, a town of
the kingdom of Tunis, on the river
Magrida, 80 miles s of Tunis. Lon.
10 12 By lat. 35 20 N.
CAITHNESSSHIRE, the moft northerly
county of Scotland, bounded on the n by the
Pentland Frith, on the sz by the Britifh
Ocean, and on the w by Sutherlandfhire.
Its greateft extent is 35 miles from N to
s, and 20 from £ tow. ‘The whole sw
part is occupied by great mountains, the
abode of roes and a variety of game; and
the lakes are often reforted to by r.umer-
ous waterfowls. A vait ridge of hills
forms the sw boundary, ending in the pro-
montory called the Ord of Caithnefs.
Along the fide of this fteep hill, impend-
ing, in a manner, above the fea, a wind-
ing road is cut, which is the only en-
trance into this fhire from the s. “The
climate is good, and the foil around the
coaft very improveable. Its chief ex-
ports are beef, meal, barley, butter,
cheefe, yarn, fkins, feathers, and kelp.
Englifh is chiefly fpoken on the coait,
but in the highlands the Gaelic pre.
vails.
CAKET, a town of Perfia, near Mount
Caucafus. Its trade confifts chiefly in
filks, Lon. 46 15 £, lat. 330 N.
serena a Oh tno
CAL CAL
CALABRIA, a county of Naples, di- Afia, between Bornco and the Philippines, | ae
vided into Calabria Citeriore, and Cala- and x of Parago. They are farnous for fi ee
bria Ulteriore, or Hither and Finther Ca- their cdible hird-nefts. Lon. 318 5 g, ; pron
fabria. The firft is one ofthe 12 pro- lat. 110 N. ae
vinces of Naples, bounded on the s by CaLatrajup, a town of Spain, in Ar- prcivll a
Calabria Ulteriore, on the N by Bafili- ragon, at the confluence of Xalon and The bai
cata, and on the w and £ by the Medi- Xiloca, with a cattle ona rock, 37 miles from the
terranean, Coferza is the capital. Ca- sw of Saragoffa, Lon. 1 9 wy, lat. 41 lation of
Jabria Ulteriore is wathed bythe Mediter- 42.N. — olka
ranean on the £, $s, and w, and bounded CaLatTraya, a town of Spain, in to the ho
by Calabria Citerioreon then. Reggio is New Caftile, the chief place of the mili- reat pr
the capital. In February and March tary order of the knights of Calatrava, 4 acio
1783, a great part of Calabria, as well It is {vated near the Guadiana, 80 miles Ma the
as of Sicily, was deftroyed by one of the s of Madrid, Lon. 3 20 w, lat. 39 4 N. Bur the
moft terrible earthquakes onrecord. Be- © CALBEN, a town of Germany, in the much th
fide the deéttruétion of many towns, villa- old marche of Brandenburg, with a good deferibed
ges and farms, above 40,000 people pe- caftle, 32 miles n of Magdeburg. fully it
in A fa
have bee
filled up
Teatt 504
of Evr
may. be
phaeton:
and hac
ceremon
feren' a
fight md
aay on
here
Triage vy
locks,
' part of
L gable u
that vil
govern.
who ha
of Ma
Here ig
cature,
cording
chiet ji
1756,
of Ben
to the
fon ca
feet, |
It was
: of Pl
It is pearance. foubal
z1 miles EsE of Dover, and 152 N of invariably of one ftory, and covered with no
Paris. Lon. 1 56 £, lat. 50 58 N. thatch; thofe of brick feldom exceed two
Cauals, St. a town of France, in the floors, and have flat terraced roofs: the
department of Sarte and late province of two former claffes far outnumber the laft,
Maine, 16 miles nw of Vendonte. which are fo thinly {cattered, that fires,
CaLaMATa, a town of Turkey in which often happen, do not, fometimes,
Europe, in the Morea. It was taken by meet with the obftruétion .of :a, brick-
the Venetians, in 1685; but the Turks -houfe through a whole ftreet. But Cal-
retook it. It fands on the river Spinar- cutta is, in part, an exception to'this rule
za, eight miles from the Mediterranean. of building; for there, the quartes iphts
Lon, 21 55 £, lat. 370 NL bited by the Englith is compofed_ entirely
CaLaMianss, three fmall iflands of of brick-buildings, many of which have
CAL
the appearance of palaces. The line of
buildings that {urrounds two fides of the
c(planade pf the fort, is magnificent ; and
it adds greatly to the fuperb appearance,
that the houles are detached trom each
other, and iniulated in a great {pace.
The buildinzs are ali on a large {cale,
from the neceflity of having.a tree circu-
lation of air in a climate, the heat of
which is extreme. The general approach
to the howles is by a flight of fteps with
great projecting porticoes, or iurrounded
by colonnades or arcades, which give
them the appearance of Grecian temples.
But the remainder of the city, and b
much the greateft part, is built as before
deferibed. Calcutta has been wonder-
fully improved both in appearance and
in ‘oe falubrity of the air, tor the itrects
have been properly drained, and the ponds
filled up. It is fuppoied to contain at
leaft 500,000 inhabitants. The mixture
of European and Afatie manners that
may. be objerved here, is curious: coaches,
phaétons, chailes, with the palankeens
and hackeries of the natives, the patling
ceremonies of the Hindoos, and the dit-
feren’ appearances ot the fakirs forma
fight more eXtraordinary, perhaps, than
amy other city can prefent. Ihe hackery
here mentioned is a imall covered car-
Tiage upon two wheels, drawn by bul-
Iccks, and uled generally tor the female
part of the iamily. The Ganges is navi-
gable up to the town for the largeft thips
that vifit India. Here is the feat of tire
govern.r-general and council ot Bengal,
who have a controul over the prefidencies
of Madras, Bombay, and Bencovien.
Here ig likewife a fupreme court of judi-
cature, in which juttice is difpented, ae-
cerding to the laws ot England, by a
chiet juftice and three puime judges. In
1756, Calcutta was taken by the foubah
of Bengal, who forced the feeble garriton,
to the amount af 146 perfons, into a pri-
fon called the Black Hole, a cube of 18
feet, out of which only 23 came alive.
Xt was retaken the next year; the victory
of Plafley followed; and the inhuman
foubah.was depofed, and put to death by
his ficecdor. Immediately after this
victory the erection of Fort William ¢om-
menced, which is fuperior to any fortrefs
ig India. Calcutta is 1030 miles NNB
of Madras. Lon, 88 28 £, lat. 22 23 .N,
Caps, a river in Yorkfhire, which
* sifes, onthe borders of Lancafhire, and
pafligg by. Hudderafield and Wakefiekt,
falls into ‘the Aire ¢ight miles below: the
latter place. It is-navigable the greater
part of ite cowrles
CAL
Caveponra, NEw, a large ifland, in
the $ Pacific Ocean, extending from
19 to 22° § lat. and from 163 to 167° &
lon. It was difcovered by captain Cook,
in 1774. ‘The inhabitants are ftrong,
active, and well made; their hair 1s
black, and much frizzled, but not woolly ;
their beards are crifp and thick; they
betinear their faces with black pigment ;
and their only covering is a wrapper,
made trom the bark of a tree, or of leaves.
They cul.ivate the foil with fome art and
induftry, but iubfift chiefly on roots and
fith. Pioatains and fugar-canes are not
plentitul, bread-fruit is very {carce, and
the cocén nut trees are but thinly planted ;
but their yams and taras are in great
abundance. Their houfes are circular
like a bee-hive, and as clofe and warm
being formed of fmatl tpars and reeds,
covered with long coarfe grafs, and the
floor laid with dry grails. They depofit
their dead in the ground, and decorate
the grave of their chiets with fpears, darts,
padillee, &e. all ftuck upright in the
ground about it. They are of a pacific
dilpofition, and their women are much
chafter than thoie of the more eaftern
iflands.
CALENBERG, acaftle of Lower Saxony,
capital of the duchy of Bruniwick Calen-
berg, feated on the river Leina, 10 miles
s of Hanover. Lon. 10 5 £, Aat. 52
15 N.
Cai, a town of Terra Firma, in Popa-
yan, in a valley of the ‘ame name, on the
river Canca. The governor of the province
generally refides here. Lon. 77 5 w, lat.
315N.
CaLicuT, a country on the coaft of
Malabar, 62 miles in length, and as much
in length. It produces pepper, ginger,
aloes, and rice; and the trees are always
green. There is a tree, which produces
a kind of dates, from which is ob‘ained
fugar and oil. This country was fubject
to Tippvo Sultan, regent of Myfore; but,
in 1792, part of it was ceded to the Eng-
lith E India Company.
CALICUT, a city, capital of a country
of the fame name, on the coaft of Mala. |
bar. It was the firft Insian port vifited
by European thipping; being difcovered
by the Portugueie, when they came to the
E Indies by the Cape of Good Hope, in,
1493. The Englith have a faftory here.
It is 320 miles wsw of Madras. Lon.
74 24.8, lat. 11 18 N. -
CALIFORNIa, a peninfula of N Ame-
rica, in the N Pacific Ocean, feparated
from the -w coaft of America, by the Ver-
tnilion Sea, or ha of California; ex»
CAL
tending sz, from lat. 32° N, to Cape St.
Lucar, in lat. 23° N. It was difcovered
by Cortes, in 1536; and is faid to have
been vifited by fir Francis Drake, in
2578, and to have received from him the
name of NewAlbjon. ‘This latter name,
however, belongs to no part of the penin-
fula, but to a country further N, between
37 and 45° latitude; the harbour of fir
Francis Drake being fituate in about 110
23 W lon. and 38 23 .N lat. During a
long period, California continued to be
fo little frequented, that even its form was
unknown; and, in moft charts, it was
reprefented as an ifland. Though the
climate of this country, if we may judge
from its fituation, muft be very defirable,
the mypaniaine have made finall progre(s in
eopling it. Toward the clofe of the
on century, the Jefuits, who had great
merit in exploring this neglected province,
and in civilizing its rude inhabitants,
imperceptibly acquired a dominion over
it, as complete as that which they pof-
feffed in their miffions in Paraguay ; and
they laboured to govern the natives by
the {ame policy. In order tg prevent the
court of Spain from conceiving any jea-
loufy of their defigns, they feem ftudi-
oufly to have depreciated the country, by
feprefenting the climate as fo difagree-
able and unwholefome, and the foil fo
barren, that nothing but a zealous defire
of converting the natives could have in-
duced them to fettle there. Several pub-
lic-{pirited citizens endeavoured to unde- °
ceive their fovereigns, and to give them a
hetter view of California; but in vain.
At laft, on the expulfion of the Jeiuits
from the Spanith dominions, the court of
Madrid appointed don Jofeph Galvez to
vifit this peniniula. His account of the
country was tavorable; he found the
pearl fithery on its coaft to be valuable,
and he difcovered mines of gold of a very
promifing appearance. Ac prefent, how-
ever, California (the natural hiftory of
which is very little known) {till remains
among the moft defolate and ufclefs dif-
triéts of the Spanifh ernpire.
CaLLao, a feaport of S America, in
Peru. § The harbour is the beft in the §
Sea. It was almoft totally deftroyed by
‘an earthquake, in 1746. It is five miles
from Lima, of which it is the port. Lon.
76 53 W, jat.1225.
‘ CALLA SuSUNG, a town of the ifland
of Bouton, in the Indian Ocean. Itis a
inile from the fea, on the top of a hill,
encompaffed with cocoa-nut trees. There
is a ftone wall round the town, and the
houfes are built on polis. The religion
CAM
of the inhabitants is the Mahomctan, and
they {peak the Malayan language. The
people are {mall, well-fhaped, and of a
dark olive colour. Lon. 123 45 £, lat.
Oo Ss. ‘
: CALLEN, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Kilkenny, 10 miles sw of
Kilkenny. Lon. 7 6 w, lat. 53 28 N.
CaL_oo, a fostrets of the Netherlands,
in the territovy of Waes, on the Scheld,
fubject to Aultria. ‘The Dutch were de-
feated here by the Spaniards in 1638,
It is five miles w of Antwerp. Lon. 4
20 E, Jat. 51 13,N.
CaLLINGTON, a borough in Cornwall,
with a market on Wednefday. It fends
two members to parliament, and is fituate
on the Lynhex, 12 miles s of Launcefton,
and 217 W by s of London, Lon, 4 35
W, lat. 50 30 N.
CaLMaR, a {trong feaport of Sweden,
in the province of Smoland, divided from
the ifle of Oeland, bya {trait about feven
miles broad in its narroweft part. It is
celebrated in the hiftory of the North, as
the place where the deputies of Sweden,
Denmark, and Norway, were appointed
to affemble for the election of a king, ac-
cording to the union of Calmar. On an
eminence, half a mile from the town, is
the caftle, the only remains of its ancient
magnificence. This palace, once the re-
fidence of the illuitrious queen Margaret,
is now converted into a diftillery. ' It is
150 miles sw of Stockholm. Lon. 16
27 E, lat. §6 40 N.
CALNE, a borough in Wiltthire, with
a market on Tuelday. It tends two
members to parliament, and is feated on
a river of the fame name, 25 miles E of
Briftol, and 88 w of London. Lon. 1 59
W, lat. 51 30 N.
CaLvapos, a department of France,
including part of the late province of Nor-
mandy. It is fo called from a rock of the
fame name. Caen is the capital.
Ca.Lvary, Mount, ahill near Jerufa-
lem, on which JesusCuRist was crucified.
CaLvl, an epifcopal town of Naples,
in Terra di Lavora, eight miles n ot Ca-
pua. Lon. 14 19 £, he 41 15 Ne
CaLvI, a town of Corfica, ona craggy
mountain and gulf of the fame name, with
a ftrong fortreis and a good harbour. It
was taken from the French, by the Eng-
lih, Aug. 10, 17943 and is 32 miles sw
of Baftia. Lon. 9 16 £, Jat. 42 26 N. °°
Cam, or GRANT, ariver which rifes.
in Herts, and flowing by Cambridge in-
to the Ifle. of Ely, there falls into the
Oufe, to which river it is navigable frony
Cambridge. - ‘ .
CAMA
the Red
white co
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Breft, in
and loft g
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_ Cams
Proper,
ftands o
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inferior
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their qu
is fubjeé
is §7m
is the po
CAM
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China: 4
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CaM
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It is fe
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eonfif
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vilege
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nete
CAM
CAMARANA, an iflang of Arabia, in
the Red Sea, where: the/e is a filhery tor
white coral and pearl oyfters.
CAMARAT, a feaport of France, in the
department of Finifterre and late province
of Brittany. In an expedition againit
Breft, in 1694, the Englifh landed here,
and loft a great number of men. It ftands
on a bay of the fame name.
_ CamBay, a large city of Hindcoftan
Proper, in the province of Guzerat. It
ftands on a deep and dangerous gulf of the
fame name, and was the Camanes of Pto-
lemy. Its products and manufactures are
inferior to thofe of few towns iti India ;
for the country abounds in corn, cattle,
and filk; and cornelian and agate ftones
are found in its rivers. ‘The inhabitants
are noted for embroidery; ‘and some of
their quilts have been valued at Jol. It
is fubjeét to the Poonah Mahrattas, and
is §7 miles s of Amedabad, of which it
isthe port. Lon. 72 10 £, lat. 2225 N.
CamBopia, a kingdom of Afia, bound-
ed on the n by Laos, on thee by Cochin-
China and Ciampa, and on the s and w
by the gulf and kingdom of Siam. It is
divided by a large river called Mecan, or
Cainbodia, which annually overflows the
country in the rainy feafon, between June
and Oétober. Its productions and fruits
are much the fame with thole ufually
found between the tropics.
CampopiA, the capital of a kingdom
of the fame name, in Afia, feated on the
river Mecan, or Cambodia, 150 miles
from its mouth, Lon. 104.5 £, lat. 13 10 N.
CamBRay,. 2 fortified city of France,
in the department of the North and late
province of the Cambrefis. It was lately
an archiepifcopal fee, but is now only a
bifhopric. It has acitadel and fort, and a
contiderable manufacture of cambrics,
which took their name from this city.
It is feated on the Scheld, 22 miles se of
Arras, and 102 N of Paris. Lon. 3 20
E. lat. 50 11 N.
_CAMBRESIS, a late province of France,
25 miles in length; bounded. on the n
and E by Hainault, on the s by Picardy,
and on the w by Artois. Cambray is
the capital; and it is now included in the
department of the North.
CAMBRIDGE, the county-town of
Cambridgefhire, and feat of a celebrated
univerlity, fituate on the river Cam. It
eonfifts of 14 parifhes; and is governed
by a mayor, who, on entering upon his
office, takes an oath to maintain the pri-
vileges of the univerfity. The townhall
and fhire-houfe are the only buildings of
mete thatdo not belong to the univeriity:
CAM
the county gaol is the gatehoufe of an ane
cient cattle, built by William the Con-
queror. It has a market on Wednefiay
and Saturday; and in the market-place,
which confifts of two {fpacious oblong
fquares, united together, is a conduit
that is conftantly running. The univer-
fity is fuppofed to have been founded
during the heptarchy. It contains 13
colleges and four halls, which, unlike
thofe at Oxford, have equal privileges
with the colleges. The colleges are,
Peter Houtfe, Corpus Chrifti or Bennet,
King’s, Queen's, Jefus, Chrift’s, St.
John's, Magdalen, Trinity, Emanuel, and
Sidney Suffex. The halls are, Clare, Pem-
broke, Trinity, and Catherine. ‘Of the
colleges, Peter Houfe is the moft ancient,
being founded in 1257; and King's and
Trinity colleges the moit confiderable.
King’s college is the nobleft. foundation in
Europe, and the chape! one of the fineft
pieces of Gothic architeéture in the world.
The library, chapel, &c. of Trinity.col-
lege juftly place it in the firft rank. The
other ftructures belonging to the univer-
fity are the fenate-houfe, a fine edifice,
which, with St. Mary's church, the
{chools, the univerfity library,’ and other
buildings, forms a noble.fquare., Here is
alfo a botanical garden, and a genera] hof-
pital, called Addenbrooke's, from the
name of the founder. Cambridge fends
four members to parliament, two for the
borough and two for the univerfity. » It
is 17 miles s of Ely; and 51 N by E of
London. Lon. 04 £, lat. 52 12 N.
CamBripag8, a village in Gioucefter-
fhire, near Berkeley, on the river Cam.
Here the Danes were attacked by Edward
the Elder, and fome thoulands of thera
were killed.
CamBRIDGE, 2 village in the ftate of
Maffachufets, in N America. ‘ It has a
flourifhing univerfity, which confifts of
four elegant brick houfes, and is, with
refpe&t to its library, philofophical ap-
paratus, and profefforfhips, the firit lite-
rary inftitution in America. It was
eftablifhed in 1638, and has generally
from 120 to.150 ftwdents.’ The names
of the four buildings are Harvard Hall,
Maffachuiets. Hall, Hollis Hall, and
Holden Chaple. Cambridge is four miles
w of Bofton.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE, a county of Eng-
land, bounded on the Nw by Lincoln-
fhire, on the NE by Norfolk, on the £
by Suffolk, on the s by Effex and Herts,
and on the w by the counties of Hunting-
don, Bedford, and Northampton. It
extends so miles from N to s, and 25
CAM CAN
from BE tow. Itlies in thediocefesof Ely any inhabitants aré now to be fee&: He
and Norwich; contains 17 hundreds, a trees, no inclofures; nothing, in thort,
citys a univerfity, feven market-towns, but the f{cattered ruine of temples and
163 parishes ; and tends fix members tombs, which present the idea ot a country
to parliament. ‘The psincipal rivers are depopulated by peltilenee. Rome is the
the Grant, Oufe, Nen; and Cam. ‘The capital.
air and foil vary extremely; fome parts, CAMPBRELTON, @ borough of Scot-
eipecially the fouthern and eaftern, are land, fituate on a bay, toward the s ex.
pleaiamt and healthy; but the northern tremity of the peniniula of Cantyre, in
art, called the Hle of Ely, is low and Argylefhire. It has a confiderable trade ;
nny, from the confluence. of many for which it is principally indebted to its
rivers, Adl the waters of the middle part being the general rendezvous of the
of England, which do not run into the fishing veflels that annually vifit the w
Thames or the ‘Frent, fall intotheie tens; coatt. It is 10 miles w of the ifle of
and in the latter part of the year, when Arran. Loni 5 42 w, lat. 53 29 N.
they ave overflowed by: water, they appear CAMPDBN, a corporate town in Glou.
covered with togs ; fothat while the highen ceftershire, with a market on Wedneiday,
grounds of the adjacent country glitter with 22 migs NE of Glouceiter, and $7
the beams of the fun, the ifle or Ely ap- ww @ London. Len. 1 50 w, lat. 52
ars wrapt. in a mift. See BeprorD 4 N.
BVEL, _ CamPgacuy, a tewn of N America,
Cametbrorp, a borough in Cornwall, im New Spain, in the peninfula of Yuca~
with a market on Friday. Itis governed tan, on the w coaft of the bay of Cam-
by a mayor, and: fends two members to peachy, defended by. itrong forts. It sie
parliament. A: great! quantity of yarn noted for logwood, which, however, does
is {pun in this place'and its neighbour. mot grow very near it. It was taken by
hood. It is feated' on the river Camel, the Englith in 1659, by the buccaneers in
a4 miles w of Launcefton, and 229 w 2678, and by the treebooters of St. Do-
by s of London. Lon: 4 55 w, lat. 50 Mingo in 1685, who burnt it, axd blew
42 N. , up the citadel. Lone 90 57 W; lat. 20
C@MBRINO; am ancient and populous oN. See HONDURAS:
town of Italy, in the patrimony of St. © CAMPEN, a town of the United: Pro-
Peter, with a bithop’s fee. It is featedon vinces, in Overyffel, with a citadel, and a
a -mouniain, near the Appennines and the port almoft choked up. It was taken
tiver Chiento, 37 miles sw of Ancona, by the Dutch in 1578, and by the French
Lon. 13.0 £) lat. 43 15.N. in 1672"; but they abandoned it in 1673.
CaMiniaya feaport of Portugal, inthe It is feated near the mouth of the Yifel,
province of Entre-Douero-e-Minko, atthe on the Zuider Zee, 44 miles we of
mouih of: the Minho, 12 miles n of Amfterdame Lon. 5 55 &, Jat. 52 33 ¥.
Viana. Lon, 8 29 wy, lat. 41 50 N. CamMPOLy, a town of Naples, in
CamMMIN, a diftri@ of Pruifian Pos Abruzzo Ulteriore, 23 miles n by B of
merania,: formerly! the territory of the Aquila. Lon. 43 57 By lat. qo go
bifhop of: Cammin, converted into a = Campo Mayor, a town of Portugal,
principality, in favour of the houie of im Alsnicjo, roo miles 8 of Lifbon. Lon.
Brandenburg, by the treaty of Welt. 74 Ww, lat. 33 53 N.
phalia. Colberg is-the capital. CAMPREDON, a town of Spain, in Ca-
CamMin, a feaport of Pruffian' Po- talonia, at the foot of the Pyrenees, and
merania, in) the principality of the on the river Ter, 45 miles w of Barce-
fame name; feated on the Oder, oppofite lona. Lon. = 16 w, lat. 42 oN.
the ifle of Wollin, 30 miles Nn of Stetin, | Canapa, a large country of N’ Ame-
Lon. 14: 55:E, lat. 54 4.N. rica, bounded:on the n by New Britain,
CaMPAaGNa,, or CAMPANIA, a: town on the £ by the gulf of Se. Lawrence,‘ow
of Naples, in Printipato Ulteriore; with the s*by Brunfwick andthe United
a bifhop’s fee, 40 miles se of Naples, States, and'on the w by upknown lands.
Lon. 15 19 'E, lat..40 35 N. It lies between 61 and: 81° w lon. and
CaMPaGNA DI Roma; anciently La- 45 and 53° w lat, and was difcovered
, TIUM, a province of Italy, in the Eccle- by John and Sebaftian Cabct, father and
fiaftical State, extending 60 miles sx fon, in1497. This country, in generaly
along the Mediterranean, to the frontiers is pretty good; but the winter continues
of Naples. Formerly the! beit peopled for fix months very fevere. The land
and beit cultivated:{pot in the world, few that is cleared) is fertile, and the wheat
villages, little cultivation, and {carcely fowed in May is reaped at the end of Au-
\
Se ino
are 1 gt"
Europe.
eftecine
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rituous
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to the
1763.
into .
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CAN
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17 £8,
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CAN
ft, Ofall their animals, the beaver is
e moft ufeful and curious; and there
are 4 great number of trees unknown in
Europe. Canada turpentine is greatly
efteemed for its balfainic qualities, and
for its ufe in diforders of the breait and
ftomach. The different tribes of Ludians,
or original natives, in Canada, are almoft
innumerable; but they have been ob-
ferved to decreafe in population where
the Europeans are moft numerous, owing
chiefly to their immoderate ule of {pi-
rituous liquors. Canada was conquered
by the Englifh, in 1759, and contirmed
to them by the French at the peace of
1763. In1774, this country was formed
into . province, called Quebeg, from the
name of the capital; a government was
inftituted conformably to the French
laws of Canada; and the Roman catholic
religion was eftablifhed. In 1791), the
country was divided into two provinces,
Upper Canada and Lower Canada, of
which -atter province Quebec is the chief
town; and a conttitution, in imitation
of that of England, was given to each
of thefe proviiices.
Canat, Duke or Bridcewa-
TER’s, a ftupendous work, begun in
278, at Wortley Mill, feven miles from
Manchefter; where, at the foot of a
mountain, which proves to be compofed
ef coal, a bafin is cut, capable of con.
taining all the boats, and a great body
of water, which ferves as a refervoir to
the navigation, The canal runs through
a hill, by a fubterranean paffuge, large
enough for the admiffion of long flat.
bottomed boats, towed by hand-rails on
each fide, near three quarters of a mile,
to the duke’s coal-works. There the
paffage divides into two channels; one
@# which goes soo yards to the right,
and the other as many to the leit. In
fome places, this paflage is cut through
‘ folid rock: in others, arched over with
brick. Air-fuunels, fome of which are
37 yards perpendicular, are cut, at cer-
tain diftances, through the rock, to the
top of the hill. The arch, at the en-
trance, is fix feet wide, and tive feet
above the furtace of the water: it widens
within, in fome places that the boats
may pafs each other; and, at the pit, it
is ten feet wide. The coal is brought
to this paffage in low waggons, that hold
nearly a ton ¢ach; and, as the work is
on a defcent, they are eafily puthed. ox
pulféd ‘ona railed way, to a ftage over
the canal, and then fhot into one. of
the boats; each of which holds feven or
eight tons, and is drawn out by one man
CAN
to the bafin at the mouth, where five or fix
of them are linked together, and drawa
along the canal, by a tingle horfe, or twa
mules, on the towing paths. The canal
is there broad enough for the barges to ge
abrealt, At Barston Bridge, three miles
from the balin, is a noble aqueduét,
which, for upward of 200 yards, convey
the canal acrofs a valley, and alfo more
than 40 feet above the navigable river
Irwell. ‘There are three arches over this
river, which, with their piers, are all of
hewn ftone; the centre arch is 63 feet
wide, and 38 feet high above the water,
and will admit the largeft barges. to
through with mait and fails ftanding. x
Longtord Bridge, the canal turns to the
right, and crofling the Meriey, pafles neag
Attringham, Dunham,-Grapenhall, and
Kaulton, into the tide way of the Merfeyy
at Runcom Gap, where the duke’s bar
can come into his canal from Livernoct os
low water. ‘This navigation is more tham
29 miles in length; it falls 95 feet, aud
was finifhed in five years,, under the. di-
rection of Mr. Brindley.
CanaL, GRAND Taunt, or STARs
FORDSHIRE CANAL, a work be
in 1766, under the direStion of Mr. Brind>
ley, in order to form a communication be.
tween the Merfey and Trent, and, ia
courfe, between the Irish Sea and the Ger
man Ocean. Its length is 92 miles,
namely, 31 miles on the N fide, from
Harecattle Hill, where it was. begus,
to the duke of Bridgewater's sn at
Prefton on the Hill in Chethire, and. 62
miles from the s fide.of the hill to. Wik
don-terry, in Derbythire, vwheye: it .come
municates with the Trent. To effeét thi
work, 40 locks were conftruéted.on the
Ss fide, there being 316 feet fall. Ory the
N fide there is only one. lock, . which -is
near Middlewich, and is. 14) feet wider
The canal is 29 feet broad.at the top, 26
at the bottom, and the depth. four feet and
ahalf. It is carvied over the river Deve,
in an aqueduét of 23. arches,. and the
round is railed above a.miles to.a com+
idcrable height: it is alfo carried.over.the
Trent by an aqueduét of fix.arches. At
Harecaftle Hill, it is conveyed . under
ground 2880 yards; at Barton in Chef
fhire, a fubterraneous paflage is effeéted
of 560 yards in extent; and. in the
fame neighbourhood, another of. 3505 at
Preiton on the Hill, where it joing the
duke’s canal, it paffes under ground 1243
yards. From the neighbourhood of Staf-
ford, a branch is made from’ this. canal,
to run near Wolverhampton, and to joiz
the Severn near Bewdley: from this
CAN
again two other branches are carried, one
to Birmingham, the other to Worcelter.
Mr. Brindivy died in 1772, and left this
canal to be finifhed by his brother-in-
law, Mr. Henthall, who completed it in
1777+
CanaL, GREAT, a noble canal in
Scotland, which forms a junction between
the Forth and Clyde. Its length is 35
miles; in the courfe of which navigation,
the vefiels are raifed, by means of 20
locks, to nearly the height ot 160 feet
above the level of the fea. Paffing after-
ward upon the fummit of the country, tor
18 miles, they then deicvnd, by means of
19 locks more, into the river Clyde, and
thence have free acceis to the Weftern
Ocean. In the {pace of 30 miles, this canal
is carried over 36 rivers and rivulets, be-
fide two great roads, by 38 aqueducts of
hewn ftone. The road trem Edinburgh to
Glafgow paffes under it-near Falkirk, and
over it, by means of a drawbridge, fx
miles trom Glaigow. In the courle of
this inland navigation, which may, in ge-
-meral, be performed in le{s than 13 hours,
are many ftriking fcenes: but, above all
others, the beautiful and romantic fitu-
ation of the ftupendous aqueduct over the
Au lvin, near Glafgow, 400 feet in length,
carrying a great artificial river over a
fiatural one in a deep valley, where large
veffels {ail at the height of 70 feet above
the bed of the river below, is one of the
features of this great work, which gives
it the pre-eminence over any of a fimilar
nature in Europe. ‘The utility of this
important communication, between the
Eaftern and Weiltern Sea, to the com-
merce of Great Britain and Ireland; to
Liverpool, Lancafter, Winitehaven, Dub-
lin, Newry; and Beifaft on the one hand ;
to Hull,:Newcafile, Leith, and Dundee
on the other; and alfo to all ports in St.
George’s Channel, in their trade to
Norway, Sweden, and the Baltic; muit
be ttrikingly evident, as it ftortens the
nautical diftance in fome inftances 800,
and in others :covo miles; affording a
fate and fpeedy navigation, particularly
at the end of the feaion, when veflels are
too long detained in the Baitic, and can-
mot. ittempt the voyage round .by the
North Sea, without danger of fhipwreck,
or of the market being Toft from delay.
CANAL ROYAL, or CANAL OF LAN-
GUEDOC, in France, a work begun in
1666, in order to eifeét 2n inland commu-
nication between the Atlantic and Medi-
terranean, and finifhed in 1682. From
the port of Cette, in the Mediterranean, it
crofles the lake of Thau; and,. below
6
CAN
Toulou%, is conveyed by three fluices
into the Garonne. At St. Ferreol, near
Revel, between two rocky hills, is a
refervoir 7200 feet long, 3000 broad, and
120 deep: into this bafin, the rivulet
Laudot, which defcends from the hills,
is received and inclofed by a wall, 2400
feet long, 132 high, and 24 thick;
having a ftrong dam iecured by a wall of
freeftone. Under the dam ruus an arched
paflage, reaching to the main wall, where
three large cocks of caft brafs.are turned
and fhut by means of iron bars; and
the.e cocks difcharge the water, through
mouths as large as a man’s body, into
an arched aqueduct, where it runs through
the outer wall, and then goes under the
name oi the river Laudot; continuing its
courle to the canal called Rigole de la
Plaine. Thence it is conveyed to ano-
ther fine refervcir near Nauroufe, 1200
feet long, 200 broad, and 7 deep; and
out of this bafin it is conveyed, by
fluices, bo'h to the Mediterranean and
Atlantic,’ as the canal requires it.
Near Beziers are eight fluices, which
form a regular and grand calcade, 936
feet long, and 66 high, by which vettels
crofs the river Orb, and continue their
voyage on the canal. Above it, between
Beziers and Gapeftan, is the Ma!-Pas,
where the canal is conveyed for the length
of 720 fect, under a mountain cut intoa
lofty arcade, the vreateft part of which is
lined with freeftone, cxcept toward the
end, where it is only hewn through the
rock, At Agde is arcund fluice, with
three openings, three different depths of
the water mecting there; and the gates
are {o ingenioufiy contrived, that veffels
may pais thrcugh by cpening which fluice
the mafter pleates. This canal cott fome-
thing more than half a million fterling,
part of which money was furnifhed by the
king, and part by the flates of Languedoc.
The king granted to kiquet, the in-
ventor and conductor, and his male heirs,
all the jurifdiftion and revenues belorg-
ing to it: the annual net profits are up-
ward of £24,000 terling. The length
ci this canal, from Touloufe to Beziers,
where it joins the river Orb, is 152 miles.
There are 15 locks upon it in the fall to-
ward the ocean, and 45 on the fide of the
Mediterranean. ‘The higheft point be-
tween the two feas is at Naurouge, which
is elevated more than 260 yards above the
level of exch fhore. The canal is carried
over 37 aqueduéts, and crofled by eight
bridges.
CANANORE, a large feaport, on the
coaft of Malabar. It was ceded by
Tippo S
Englith
9h IO Ey
CANAR
Malabar,
Its moft
44 20 N.
Canal
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» CANE
Canaria
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Canary
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CAN
Tippo Sultan, regent of Myfore, to the
Englith E India Company ini7g2. Lon,
44 90 E, lat. 120 N.
CANARA, a province on the coaft of
Malabar, fubjeét to the regent or My.ore.
Its moft northerly port is Onore, in lat.
44 20 N.
Canaria, or the GRAND CANARY,
the tprincipal of the Canary LIilands,
which gives name to the whole. ‘The
temperature of its air is delightful; its
water pientitul and good ; and abundance
of trees, herbs, and delicious truits, are
found upon it. Hefe are two wheat
harvefts, in February and May, and the
corn makes bread as white as {now.
It is 42 miles long, and 27 broad; and
lies 18 leagues w by ¢ of Fuertaventura,
Lon. 15 34 w, lat. 28 14.N.
Canary IsLaNDs, anciently called
the Fortunate Iflands, are feven in num-
bes, lying in the Atlantic Ocean, near
the continent of Africa; namely, Palma,
Ferro, Gomera, Teneriffe, Canaria, Fu-
ertaventura, and Lancerota; to which
may be added feveral fimaller ifles, as
Gracio{a, Roccas, Allegranza, St. Clare,
Infierno, and Lobos. They belong to
the Spaniards, and produce barley, fu-
gar-canes, and excellent wine; and it is
hence that the canary birds originally
came.. The ne point of thefe is in lon.
15 38 W, lat. 28 13.N.
' Canary, the capital of the ifland of
Canaria, with a bithop’s fee, an inqui-
fition, the ‘vpreme council of the Seven
Hilands, asd a caftle jeated on a bill.
They have {ugarhoutes, in which a great
quantity of iugar is made. The wine
called Sack, has hence been often termed
Canary. It is computed that 10,000
hogfheads are {ent annually to England
in time of peace. Len. 15 50 w, lat.
28 4N.
CaNcALLE, a bay on the coaft of
France, 10 miles-E of St. Maloes, where
the Englith made a detcent, under the
duke of Marlborough, in 1758, and hence
‘proceeded to burn the fhips at St. Maloes.
CanpDAHar, a rich trading city of
Afia, capital of a kingdom of the fame
nae. While the Perfian and Mogul
empires were each entire, it was the tron-
tier tortrets of Hindooftan toward Perfia:
it was efteemed the key of the weftern
provinces of the latter, and frequently
changed matters, although very ftrong
by fituation, being {urrounded by fens
and rocks. It is 14.5 miles sw of Cabul.
Lon. 67 15 BE, lat. 33 ON.
CANDAHAR; a kingdom of Afia, be-
twooa the river Indus and Perfia, bound.
CAN
ed on the nN by Cabul, on the & by La
hore, on the sz by Moultan, and on
the w by Perfia. ‘The dominions of the
king of this country extend weftward to
the neighbourhood of the city of Ter-
fhith; including Cabul, Peifhore, Ghizni,
Gaur, Segettan, and Kora/an; a tract,
not lefs than 650 miles in length; its
breadth unknown; and, on the E fide of
the Indus, he poffelies the territory of
Ca:nmere, and iome aiftrifts above the
city ot Attock. Thefe countries are
all called by the general name of the
Country of the Abdalli. Ahmed Abdalla,
the tounder of this kingdom, was origi-
nally the chief of an Afghan tribe,
named Abdal (whence the name Abdalli)
who was iiript of his country by Nadir
Shah, in 1739. On the death of Nadir,
he fuddenly appeared among nis former
fubjects, and erected a confiderable king-
dom in the eaftern part of Perfia, adding
to it moit of the provinces to the w of
the Tidus, which had been ceded by the
Gieat Mogul to Nadir Shah, together
with Cathmere on the £ of that river.
Canp1a, an ifland in the Mediterra-
nean, formerly Crete, lying to the s of the
Archipelago. The capital, of the fame
name, though populous formerly, is
little better than a defart, there being
nothing but rubbifh, except at the bazar
or market-place; and the harbour of
Candia is now fit for nothing but boats ;
but the walls of the town are ftand-
ing, and it is the fee of a Greek arch-
bithop. ‘This ifland was taken by the
Turks, in 1669, atter a war of 25 years. It
was attempted to be retaken by the
Venetians, in 1692, without etfecst. The
produéts-are coru, wine, oil, wool, filk,
and excellent honcy. The air is good ;
and it is chiefly inhabited by Greeks, who
bear a good character. Mourt Ida, fe
famous in hiftory, is in the middle of this
ifland, and is nothing but a huge, ugly,
tharp-puinted eminence, with not the leaft
fhaaow of a landicape. Candia is 200
miles in length, and so in breadth. It
is 500 miles sw of Conftantinople. Lon,
25 18 E, lat. 35 18 N.
CanpeisH, a rich and populous pro.
vince, in the Deccan of Hindooftan,
fuljjegs&t to the Poonsh Mahrattas. It is
bounded on the N by Malwa, on the g
by Berar, on the s by Dowlatabad, and
on the w by Baglana.
CANDLEMAS IsyEs, near the coaft of
Sandwich Land. Lon. 27 13 w, dat. 57
to 8.
Canby, a kingdém of Ceyion, con-
taining about a quater of the ifland,
CAN
It is full of hills, whence rivulets pro-
ceed; and the inhabitants are dexterous
in turning them to water their land,
which is fruitful in rice, pulfe, and
hemp. The king is abfolute, and his
fubje&ts are idolaters.
Canny, the capital of a kingdom of
the fame name, in the ifland of Ceylon. It
was often burnt by the Portuguefe, when
they were matters of thefe coafts. Lon.
8o 52 E, lat. 745 N.
Cane, GRoTTA DEL, a celebrated
grotto, on the banks of Lake d’Agnano,
feven miles from Puzzoli, in the kingdom
of Naples. Here many dogs have been
tortured and {uffoeated, to fhow the etkeét
of a vapour, which rifes a foot above
the bottom of this cave, and is deftruc-
tive to animal life. A dog having his
head held in this vapour, is convulféd
in a few minutes, and foon after falls
motionlefs to the earth. The fellows
who attend at the cave, have always fome
miferable dogs, with ropes about their
necks, ready for this cruel purpofe.
CaNEA, a coniiderable town of the
i'and of Candia, with a good harbour.
‘Fhe environs are adorned with forefts of
olive-trees, mixed with fields, vineyards,
gardens, and brooks, bordered w’th myrtle-
trees, and laurel-rofes. It was taken by
the Turks, in. 1645, after a defence of
two months, in which the victors loft
nearly 29,000 men. Lon. 24 15.5, lat. 35
ZO N.
CANETO, a town of Italy, in the
Mantuan, on the river Oglio, feveral
times taken and retaken by the French
and Auftrians. It is 2z¢ miles w of
Mantua, Lon. 10 22 £, lat. 459 N.
CANGERECORA, a large river of the
peniniila of Hirdooftan. It defcends
trom the Gauts, and flowing sw to the
coatt of Malabar, enters the Indian
Ocean, four miles to the N of Mount
Dilla; previoully to which its courte
a perailel with the feaceaft tor about 11
miles, be’ 2 fepdrated only by a {pit of
dand.
CANIADERAGO, Lake, a narrow lake
of N America, in the ftate of New York,
fix milee woof Lase Otfego, and nine
miles long. A ftream, called Oaks
Creek, iffues from it, and falls into the
river Sufquehanna, five miles below
Otlego. The belt cheele in the ftate of
New York is made in this creek.
Canina, the capital of a diftrict of
the fame name, in the N part of Albania,
a province of Turkey in Ewrope, lying
near the entrance of the gulf of Venice,
CAN
eight milts nN of Valona. Lon. 19 25 By
lat. 41 12 Ne
CANNAY, one of the weftern ifles of
Scotland, sw of the ifle of Skye. In
this fertile ifland, are vat bafaltie co.
lumns, which rife above each other to a
great height, in many fucceffive ranges,
each i.parated from the other by a ftratum
of pebbly concretions, refembling pud-
dingftone. On the x fide of the ifland,
the tops of an immenfe number of thefe
columns appear at low water, forming a
fort of caufeway of furpriling extent,
the furface of which ts {mooth and re-
gular, like an ordinary paved ftreet.
Canna. See CANOSA.
- CaNoGuE, a town of Hindooftan
Proper, in the province of Agra, feated
on the Ganges, near its confluence with
the Calini. It is faid to have been built
more than 1000 years before the
Chriftian era, and to have been the ca-
pital of all Hindooftan, under the pre-
deceflor of Porus, who fought againft
Alexander, in the year 326 betore Chrift.
In the 6th century, it was {aid to contain
30,000 fhops, in which betel-nut (which
the Indians almoft univerfally chew) was
fold. It is now reduced to the fize of a
middling town. It is 127 miles sz of
Agra. Lon, 80 33 £, lat. 27 3 N.
CaANOBIA, a town of Italy, in the
Mitanefe, on Lake Maggiore, 35 miles
NNW of Milan. Lon. 8 44 Ey lat. 45
55.N. :
Canosa, a town of the kingdom of
Naples, in Terra di Bari. It contains
not more than 300 houfes, but ftands on
the fite of the ancient Canufium, one of
the moft populous ard magnificent cities of
Italy. Between Canoio and the river
Ofanto, are {till fome traces of the ancient
town of Cannz, in the plain of which
was fought the celebrated battle between
Hannibal and the Romans, wherein the
latter loit 45,000 men. Lon. 16 32 8,
lat. 41 30 N.
CANs0, a feaport of Nova Scotia, in N
America, on a ftrait which feparates
Nova Scotia from Cape Breton. Near
this town is a fine fifhery for cod. Lon,
60 55 W, lat. 45 20 Ne
CANSTAT, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg, feated on the
Neckar, two miles NE of Stutgard. Lon.
9 14 B, kat. 48 53 N.
CANTAL, a department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of Au-
vergne. It is fo called from a high mour-
toa, Near St. Flour, almoft always ¢o-
veredwith (row. The capital is St. Flour,
Cant
Naples,’
near the
Lon. 16
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capital
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The ca
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CANTAZARO, an epifcopal town of
Naples, in Calabria Citeriore, fituaté
near the fea, 20 miles E of Nicattro.
Lon. 16 47 £, lat. 39 3 N.
CANTERBURY, an a cient city, the
capital of Kent, with an archbithop’s
fee, the metropolitan of all England.
The cathedral, a large ftruéture, was
once famous for the fhrine of Thomas
Becke’, vifited by pilgrims from all] parts
of Europe. This turbulent prieft having
been murdered here in 1170, was after-
ward made a faint; miracles were pre-
tended to be performed at his tomb; and
100,000 pilgrims, vifiters to this tomb,
have been regiftered at one time in Can-
terbury, where the devotion to him had
quite effaced the adoration of God, and
even of the Virgin. At the altar of God,
for inftance, there were offered, in one
year £3: 2: 6; at the Virgin's £63: 5:
5; at St. Thomas’ £232: 12: 3. The
next year tiie difproportion was ftill
greater: there was not a penny on God's
altar; the Virgin gained only £4: 1: 8,
but St. Thomas had got £954: 6: 3.
Lewis v1, of France, made a pilgrimage
to this tomb, and beftowed on the fhrine
a jewel, efteemed the richeft in Chriiten-
dom. But Henry vin, in 1538, not
only pillaged this rich fhrine, but cauted
the faint to be cited in court, tried, and
condemned as a traitor; ordering his
name to be ftruck out of the calendar, his
bones to be burnt, and his afhes thrown
into the air. In this cathedral are irter-
red Henry iv, and Edward the Block
The city has likewite 14 parith
churches; the remains of many Roman
etiquities; and an ancient caiftle, with
is ond a deep ditch. It is governed
: mayor, and poffefles a fhare of the
_ n° afactures introduced by the Wal-
loon :, who have here a church under the
cathedrat. This city is noted for its
brawn, and the adjacent country produces
abundance of hops. It has a market on
Wednelday und Saturday, fends two
meinbers to parliament, and is feated on
the river Stour, 26 miles ESE of Ro-
chefter and 56 of London. Lon. 1 48,
lat. 51 19 N.
CaNnTIN, CAPE, a promontory of the
Atlantie Ocean, on the coaft of Morocco.
Lon. 9 5 W, lat. 32 49 N-
' CanTon, a confiderable city and fea-
port of China, in the pices of Quang-
tong, feated.on one of the fineft rivers in
the empire. ‘It confifts of three towns,
divided by high walls, and is about as
large as Paris. The ftreets are long and
CAP
ftraight, paved with flag-ftones, » and
adorned with triumphal arches.) The
houfes are only a ground floor, built of
earth, and covered withtiles. Thebetter
fort of people are carried about in chairs ;
but the common fort walk barefooted‘and
bareheaded. ‘They have manufa@tures of
their own, efpecially of filk ftutfs; and
their goods are carried by porters,’ for
they have no waggons. At the end of
every {treet is a barrier, which is fhut
every evening, as well as the gates of thé
city; fo that people are obliged to be at
home early. .The river is covered with
barks, which have apartments in them
for tamilies, where many refide. ‘The
number of inhabitants’ is computed at
1,000,000. Lon, 1132 8, lat.23 7 -N.
CANTYRE, a narrow penin{fula in Ar-
gylefliire, 50 miles long, and from five
to eight broad. It is connected on the
N by an ifthmus, to the mountainous dif-
trict of Knapdale. Acrofs this iithmus,
which is fcarce a mile broad, a canal
might eafily be cut. Ithas been ufual, for
many ages, to draw boats and finall
vefiels over it, in order té avoid the dan-
gerous navigation round the headland,
amid fhoals and currents: hence, proba-
bly, it has obtained the name of Tarbat,
which fignifies a carrying-place. To
the s the peninfula terminates in a grest
promontory, furrounded by a group of
dangerous rocks, called the Mull of
Cantyre. The foil, in general, is fertile.
CaoRLO, a fimall ifland in the gulf of
Venice, on the coaft of Venetian Friuli,
20 miles sw of Aquileia. It has atown
of the fame name, with a bithop’s fee.
Lon. 12 308, lat. 45 42 N.
_ CAaPAcio, an epiicopal town of Naples,
‘in Principato Citeriore, 16 miles s of
Salerno. Lon. 15 0 &, lat. 40 20 N.
CaFe BRETON. See BReToN, Capes
and other Capes, in like manner, tee
under their retpeétive names.
CapaLie, a fown of France, in the
department of Aithe and late province of
Picaidly, eight miles Nz of Guile, taken
by the Spanicrds in 1636, but retaken the
year after. Lon. 3 g0 £,lat.49 58N.
CAPESTAN, a town of France, in the
department of Audg and late province of
Languedoc, near the river Aude and the
canal of Languedoc. Lon. 3 8 £, lat.
43 21N.
CAPITANATA, a province of Naples,
bounded on the N by the gult of Venice,
‘on the £ by Terra di Bari, on the s by
Bafilicata and Principato Uitericre, apd
on the Wiby vo ond Absustzo, It is
¥
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eee sia aeein tate apeiron sige
a sae
iy
a
i
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Li
}
f
J
~
L
Z
CAR
$level country, without trees ; has a fandy
oil, and a hot air; but the land, near
the rivers, is fertile in paftures. Man-
fredonia is the capital.
Capo Fyno, a barren rock, inthe ter-
ritory of Genoa, with a caftle on its
eaftern peak. Near it is a port of the
fame. name, 13 miles ESE of Genoa.
Lon. 8 56 £, lat. 44 20 N.
Capo D'Isrreia, a town of Italy, in
Venetian Iftria, on the gulf of Trieft,
with a bifhop’s fee. Its principal revenue
confifts in wine and falt. It is eight
miles s of Trieft. Lon. 14.68, lat. 45
49 N.
CaPpRALA, an ifle in the Mediterra-
nean Sea, to the NE of Corfica, on which
it depends. It has a ftrong cattle, and is
15 miles in circumference. Lon. 100 £,
lat. 43 5 .N.
Capri, an ifland of Naples, in the
Mediterranean, oppofite Sorento, famous
for being the retreat of the enreror Ti-
berius. A vaft quantity of «: ome
here every year, forming the ;. cipal
revenue of the bifhop, who is hence called
the Bifhop of Quails. It is five miles in
length, and two in breadth.
Capri, the capital of an ifland of the
fame name, with a bifhopric and a caltle.
It was once a delightful place, embel-
lithed with magnificent works, which
were demolifhed after the death of ‘Tibe-
rius. Lon. 14 8, lat. go 11 N.
CaPwua, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavora, with an archbifhop’s fee.
It is two miles from the ancient Capua,
and was built out of its ruins. It is the
place where Hannibal and his officers trit-
led away their time in pleafure, during
which the Romans recovered trom their
confternation aiter the battle of Cann.
It was taken by the Auftrians in 1707;
and is feated on the Volturno, 15 miles
n of Naples. Lon. 14 19 £, lat. 41 7N.
Caraccas, a diltriét of S America,
in Terra Fiima, included in the w part
of the province of Venezuela. It is
bounded on the Nn by the gulf of Mexico,
on the E by Cumana, and on the s by
New Granada. The belt cocoa nuts,
next to thofe of Guatimala, are produced
in the rich plains of this province. The
Dutch, by the vicinity of their fettle-
ments in the iflands ot Curagoa and Buen
Ayre, having gradually engroffed the
greateft part of the cocoa trade, Philip v,
to remedy this evil, granted, in 1728, to
a body of merchants, an eaclufive right
to the commerce with Caraccas and Cu-
mana, on condition of their employing,
at their own expence, a fuficignt number
CAR
of armed vefftls, to clear the coaft of in-
terlopers. This eftablifhment proved
highly beneficial to Spain. It is fome-
times called the Company of Caraccas,
and fometimnes the Company of Guipifcoa,
from the province of Spain, in which it
is eftablifhed. St. Jago de Leon is the
capital.
‘CARAMANIA, a province of Turkey
in Afia, in the s part of Natolia. Mot
of the houfes have turrets fo contrived, as
to cool the rooms in fummer. Satalia is
the capital.
CARAMANTA, a province of Terra
Firma, lying on both fides the river
Cauca; bounded on the Nn by the diftrict
of Carthagena, on the E by New Gra-
dana, on the s and w by Popayan and
Panama. It is a valley furrounded by
high mountains, and there are rivulets
wheuce the natives get very good falt.
CaRAMANTA, the capital of a pro-
vince’ of that name, in Terra Firma,
feated' on the Cauca, 240 miles NNE of
Popayan. Lon. 75 15 Wy lat. 5 18 N.
CaRarRa, atownot Tulcany, in the
principality of Mafla, between Mafia and
Sarzana, five miles from each. Near
this place are quarries of marble of va-
rious colours. Lon.g §5 £, lat. 44 5 N.
Carasu, a river of Natolia, which
rifes in Caramania, crofles part of Ala-
dula, and falls into the ™Jediterranean.
Carasu MESTRO, a river of Roma-
nia,'which rifes in Mount Rhodolpho, and
falls into the Archipelago.
Carasul, a lake in Bulgaria, faid to
be §5 miles in circumference, and to con-
tain feveral iflands. It is formed by a
branch of the Danube, not far from its en-
trance into the Black Sea.
CARAVACCA, a town of Spain, among
the mountains near the river Segura, in
Murcia. ‘They pretend to have a crofs
here, brought by an angel to a prieft, who
was going to fay mais to a Moorifh king.
It is 50 miles Nw of Carthagena. Lon.
2.5 Ww, lat. 38 5 N.
CARCASSONE, an ancient town of
France, in the departinent of Aude and
rae province of Languedoc, with a
bilhop’s fee. It is divided into the Upper
and Lower Town by the Aude, over
which is a ftone bridge. In the Upper
Town are a ftrong caitle and the cathed-
ral. The Lower Town is {quare, regu-
larly built, and kept very neat, by means
of an aqueduét, which brings the water
of the Aude to dierent fountains. This
part is modern; but the Upper Town,
which is alfo called the City, is very an-
cient, and in the caftle are preferved fome
old re
Here
cloth.
and 4
43.14
A Ls
with'd
day.
and i
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with
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who
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iron-
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eldeft
havin
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is the
urkey
Moit
ed, as
lia is
Terra
river
CAR
ald records written on the bark of trees.
Here are manufactures of all forts of
cloth. It is 15 miles w of Narbonne,
and 400 $ of Paris. Lon. 2 25 £, lat.
$3 14.N,
CaropiFF, aborough in Glamorganhhire,
with'a market on Wednefday and Satur-
day. It hasacattle, a wall, and four gates ;
and is feated on the Taate, over which isa
bridge, and it has a confiderable trade
with Brifto.; for vefiels of fmaller bur-
den may come to the bridge. ‘The con-
ftable of the caftle is the chief magiftrate,
whom they call mayor. It fends one
member to parhament, and here the
affizes for the county are held. Near
the town are {cme -ron-works ; and a
canal, extending 25 miles hence, to the
iron-works at Merthyr-Tidvil. In the
caftle, died Robert, duke of Normandy,
eldeft fon of William the Conqueror, after
having been blinded, and confined 28
vears, ‘by his brother Henry 1. Cardiff
1S 12 tniles E of Cowbridge, and 164 w
of London. Lon. 3 12 w, lat. 51 30N.
CaRDIGAN, the county-town of Car-
diganfhire, with a market on Tuefday
and Saturday ; fituate on the river Tyvy,
over which is'a ftone bridge. The walls
and caftle are gone to ruin. It is go-
verned by a mayor, {ends one member to
parliament, and is 33 miles Nz of St.
David’s, and 225 wNw of London.
Lon. 4 38 w, lat. 52 10 N.
CarDIGAN Bay, on the coaft of Car-
diganfhire, at the mouth of the Tyvy,
extending to Barfey ifland in Carnarvon-
fhire. It is 40 miles from one cape to the
other, and affords good fhelter for
fhips.
Si woreaxenmey, a couttyels Wales;
bounded on the n by Merionethfhire and
Montgomerythire, on the —E by Radnor-
fhire and Brecknockthire; on the s by
Carmarthenfhire and Pembrokefhire, and
on the w by Cardigan Bay. It extends
42 miles from N to s, and 20 from E to
Ww; and is divided into five hundreds,
containing fix market-towns, and° 64
arifhes. It lies in the diocefe of St.
vid’s, and tends two members to par-
liament. The air is milder here than in
moft parts of Wales. ‘To the s and w
wre plains fruitful in corn; but the N and
B. parts are a continued ridge of moun-
tains: yet, in the worlt parts of this
county, there are paitures in which are
bred tlocks of fheep and large herds of
cattle. Near the rivers are great num- |
bers of otters; and in the valleys are ie-
veral lakes. The mountains abound -
with veins of lead and filver ore; and the
CAR
the mines have been worked feveral times
to great advantage: fir Hugh Middleton
is {aid to have cleared 2 »00l, a month, for
feveral years together, \ hich enabled him
to bring the New River waterto London ; .
but he expended the whole on that great -
object. The principal rivers are the
Tyvy, the Rydal, and the Iftwith.
CaRDONA, a town of Spain, in Cata-~
lonia, with a caftle. Near it is an in-
exhauftible mountain of {alt, of feveral’
colours, which, when wafhed, becomes
white; and there are vineyards, which ’
produce excellent wine. It is feated on
an eminence, near the river Cardenero, ’
30 miles NW of Barcelona. Lon.1 308,
lat. 41 36.N.
CareLia, the eaftern part of Finland ;
belonging partly to the Swedes, and partly
to the Ruffians. See WiBURGH.
CARENTAN, a town of France, in the
departinent of the Channel and late pro-
vince of Normandy, with an ancient caftle, '
eight miles from the fea, and 21 w of
Bayeux. Lon. 1 4 w, lat. 49 16 N.
CaRIATI, 2. town of Naples, in Cala-
bria Citeriore, with a bifhop’s fee, two
miles trom the gulf of Taranto. Lon.
17 19 E, lat. 39 35 N.
CARIBBEAN Sga, that part of the
Atlantic, lying between Cuba, S:. Do-’
mingo, and Porto Rico onthe n, and Terra
Firma on the s. It was tormerly called
the North Sea; for the Spaniards’ having
croffed the ifthmus of Darien from N to
S, gave the fea they difcovered the name’
of the South Sea, and this, of courfe,
the North Sea, although with refpect to
the American continent, the Pacific is the
weitern, and the Atlantic the eaftern
ocean, ;
_ CARIBBEE IstAnps, the moft eaftern
iflands of the W Indies, divided into
Windward and Leeward Iflands. Sce
Indies, West.
CARIGNANO, ‘a town of Piedmont, in
a diftrict of the fame name, feated on the’
river Po;:three miles s of Turin. Lon,
7458, lat. 4457. 2 |
CaRIMAN JAVA, a clufter of iflands’
to the N of Java, at the principal of
which fhips touch for reifefhments, in
their voyage to Borneo. Lon. 110 12 Ey
lat. § 56s.
CaRINoLa, an epilcopal town of Na-
ples, in Terra di Lavora, feated near
Mount Maflico, 25 miles Nw of Napies.
Lon. 14 18 £, lat. 41 15 N. :
CaRINTHIA, @ tertile duchy of Ger--
many, in the circle of Auttria, bounded
on the N by Auttria, on the g by dtiria,
on the 5 hy sas and Friuli, and on
3
CAR
the w by Tircl and Saltzburg., Cisgen- :
turt isthe capital.
CARrisBrooK CASTLE, an ancient
caftle, near Newport, in the Ifle of
Wight, where Charles 1 was imprifoned
in 164.7.
“CARIsTo, an epiicope town of Greece,
in the g part of the iiland of Negropent.
Lon. 24.45 £, lat. 38 4.N.
CARLINGFORD, a feaport of Ireland,
on Carlingford Bay, in the county of
Lowth, 21 miles n of Drogheda. Lon.
6 OW, lat. 54 11 N.
CARLISLE, an ancient. city, the capital
of Cumberland, with a market on Satur-
day. It is walled round, and pleafantly
fituate above a rich traét of meadows,
bordering the Eden and two.othcr rivers,
which here unite their ftreams. ‘The gates
of this city are called the Englith,Irith, and
Scotch. It hasa caftle, on the w fide of
the town; and the cathedral is a ftately
ftruéture.. Carlifle has a confiderable
manufatture of printed linens and checks,
and is noted for the making of whips and
fithhooks. It was taken by the rebels in
1745, but retaken by the duke of Cum-
berland. It, is governel by a mayor,
fends two members to parliament, and is
60 miles s of Edinburgh, and 301 NNW
‘of London. Lon.2 53 w, Jat. 54.56 N.
CARLISLE, the coynty,tewn gk Cum-,
bétland, in the ftate of Pennfylvania, in,
America, It contains a college, acourt-
houfe, 300 houlés, and.1s00 inhabitants. ,
In 1752, this {pot was a wilderneis, in-
habited by Indians.and wild beafts. It
18 ioo miles w by_N of Philadelphia,
Lon. 77 30 W, lat. 40 10 N.
CARLOW, or CATHERLOUGH, a county
of Ireland, in the province of Leinfter,
28 miles in length, and eight in breadth ;
bounded on the £ by Wicklow and Wex-
ford, on the w by Queen’s County and
Kilkenny, and on the N by Kildare. It
contains 42 parifhes, and jends fix mem-
bers toparliament. . . yor tab
* CaRLow, of CATHERLGUGH, a town
of Ireland, ina county of the farne name,
on theriyer Barraw, 16 miles NE of Kil-
kenny. Lon. 7 14. w,, lat. 52 43 .N.
“CARLOWITZ, a town of Sclavonia,
remarkable for a peace, concluded. here be-
tiveen the Turks and Germans in 1669.
It, is ‘eated on the Danube, 38 miles Nw
of Belgrade. Lon. 20 5 £, lat. 44.45...
CarLscRona, or CARLSCROON, a
feapore of Sweden, in the province of
Blekingen, It derives its origin and name
from Charles x1, who laid the foundation
of a new town in 1680, and removed the
flect from Stockholm to this place, on
CAR
account of its. centrical fituation, and the
fuperior fecurity of its harbour, which
has depth of, water for firft-rate fhips to
carry their lower tier of guns; the en.
trance into this harbour, 1s defended by
two {trong forts. The greatett part of
the town {tands upon.a fimall rocky ifland,
which vifes gently ina bay of the Baltic;
the fuburbs extend over anotier {inall
rock, and along the mmole, clo‘e to the.
bafin where the fleet is moored. The
_ town contains about 18,000 inhabitants ;
and the fuburbs are fortified, toward the
land, by a ftone wall. Formerly, vetiels
in this port, when careened and repaired,
were laid upgn their fides in the open har-
bour; until a dock was hollowed in the
folid rock, in 1724, capable of receiving
a firtt-rate aman of war. A projeét tor
conftructing 30 covered docks, and other
improvements, was begun in 17593 but
they have proceeded flowly. .One deck
was finifhei in 1779, and. gives an idea
of the expence and greatneds of the plan:
the bottoin anit iides are of hewn granite;
rows of granite pillars fupport the roof,
and bear rather the appearancg of a ¢olon-
nade to a, temple, than a receptacle for
fhips.. Carl.crona is 220 miles sw of
Steckholm. Lon.15 26 £, lat. 56.20 N.
Carustapt, the capital of Croatia,
on the yiver Kulp, 140 miles s of Vienna.
Lon: 45 20g, Jat. 46 2.N. - ’
CARLSTADT, a town of Sweden, ,in
Wermeiand, on the ifland of Tingwalla,
which is tormed by two branches of te
Clara Hib. It is a bithop’s fee, The
houwes are built of wood and painted:
the cpiicopal palace is alfo of wood, bust
not painted; ard has ijueh an extenfive
front, and fo many windows, as to look
like a tactory. The town contains 1590
inhabitants, who carry on a trade in iron
and wood acrofs Lake Wenner. It is 133
miles w of Stockholm. Lon. 13 43,
lat. 59 16.N.
CARLSTADT,. a town of Germany, in
the bifhopric of Wurtzburg, feated on the
Maine, 16 miles. Nn of Wurtzburg. Lon.
9 12 Ry lat. 49 56 N.
CaRMAGNIOLA,-a trading town of
Piedmont, with aftrong citadel. It was
taken by the French-in 1691, but res
taken the fame year. It is feated on a
fmail river, which runs into the Po, 14
miles s of Turin. Lon. 7 45 By lat. 44
5uN.
CARMARTHEN, the county-town of
Carmarthenshire, with a market on Wed-
nefday and Saturday. It is feated on the
river Towy, over which is a ftone bridge,
to which dinall vellels may come up. It
was fo
in rui
recko
verre
ba to
Cardi
Lon. 4
CA
Wale
bread
the N,
nock
Pem
dioce
mark
two
ful i
wood
and v
ous 2
pri
‘Taat
C
note
prop
Cart
fale
C
tria
Indg
CAR CAR
was fortified with a wail and acaftle,now cipal rivers are the Conway and Seint,
in ruins. It is a populous town, ufualily The air is fharp and cold; this county
d the
vhich
Ps to reckoned the firft in S Wales, and go- being the moft rugged diltri&t of N
e en. verned by a mayor. It fends one mem- Wales, and may be truly called the
d by b 1 to parliament, and is 24 miles se of Britith Alps. Its central part is occu-
rt of Cardigan, and 207 w by N oi Londou. pied by the famed Snowdon, and the
land, Lon. 4 23 W, lat. 51 52.N. feveral craggy fummits, deep dells,
ltic : CARMARTHENSHIRE, a county of § moors, chatms, and lakes, which coniti-
inal] Wales, 35 miles in length, and zo in tute its dreary regions. Cattle, theep,
D the. breadth; -boanded by Cardiganfhire on and goats are almoit its fole‘rural riches.
The the nN, the Briftol Channel on the s, Breck- Thele are fed, during the fummer, very
nts; nock and Glamorganfhire on the E, and high on the mountains, tended by their
1 the : Pembrokethire on the w. It lies in the owners, who refide for that feafon in tem-
elfels dioceie of St. David's; contains eight porary huts, and make butter and cheefe
ired, market towns and &7 parifhes; and fends for their own confumption. The prof:
har. two members to parliament. It is fruit- pets around are rude and {avage in the
the ful in corn and grais, and has plenty of higheft degree; but not without a mix-
ving wood, coal, and lime. The air is mild ture of besuty, when the dimenfions of
tor : and wholefome, it not being fo mountain- the vales admit the varieties of wood,
bther ous as the other counties of Wales. Its water, and meadows.’ In fome of the,
but principal rivers are the Towy, ‘T'yvy, and lakes are found the char, and the gwy-
ck ‘Taate. niad. Many rare vegetables, met with
idea CARMEL, a mountain in Palefline, only on the molt elevated f{pots, grow
lan; noted for having bgen the retreat of the here. Copper mines have been worked
ite; ‘ prophet Elias, and for a monaftry of -in various parts of thefe mountains, and
roof, Carmelites. It is 50 miles N of Jeru- are at prefent about Llanberris. Other
blon- falem, places afford lead; and quantities of ftone,
for CaRMONA, a town of Italy, in Auf- excellent for hones, are dug near Snow-
of trian Friuli, on a mauntain near the river don; tothe bleak region of which the vale
ON. Indri, seven miles Niv of Goritz. Lon. .of Conway below, in fertility and beauty,
atia, 33 23 EB, lat. 46 25 N. -< forms a very pleafing contraft.
na. « , CARMONA, an ancient town of Spain,’ CARNATIC, a country of the penin-
.in Andalufia. The gate toward Seville fula of Hindooftan, extending from the
yin is one of the. moft extraordinary pieces of !Guntoor circar, along the whole ’‘coaft of
alla, antiquity in all Spain. It is 25 miles e Coromandel, to Cape Comorin3 includ-
the of Seville, Lon. 4 48 w, lat. 37 24.N. ing its appendages, which are Tanjore,
The CARNARYON, the county-town of Maravar, ‘Trichinopoly, Madura, and
ted : Carnarvonfhire, with a market on Satur- Tinevelly.’ It is 570 miles froni’n to s,
but day. It is feated on a ftrait of the Irifh but no where more than 120, and com-
five fea, called Menai, and carries on a con- monly 75 miles wide. The annua} re-
ook . fiderable trade with Ireland and the prin- venue of its fovereign, the nabob of Ar-
500 cipal Englith ports. It is furrounded on cot, is 1,500,0¢0l. out of which he pays
ron all fides, except the £, by the fea and two a fubfidy of 160,o00l. to the Englifh E
133 rivers. It has a cattle, built by Edward India Company, toward the expence of
Ey 1, in which he gave the Welth, accord- their military eftablifhment. The Britith
ing to his equivocating promife, a native pofleffions here are confined chiefly to the
, in _ prince for their fovereign, inithe perfon traét called the Jaghire; its annual re-
the of his fon, Edward 1, who was bormin venue: 150,0001. There is, befides, a
on. this caftle. Carnarvon fends one member: land revenue of 725,0001. dependent on
to parliament, and is governed by the Madras. The Carnatic is rich, fertile,
of conitable of the caftle, who, by patent, and populous; and contains an incredible
vas is always mayor.. It is {even miles sw number of fortrefles: public monuments
res of Bangor, and 251 NW of London. too, the unequivocal marks of civilization
a Lon. 420 w, lat. 53 8 N. and opulence, are more common here than
14 CARNARVONSHIRE, a county of N inthe N parts of India. In 1787, the
44 Wales, 50 miles in length, and 13 in E India Company took the whole admini-
breadth; bounded on the N and w bythe ftration of the Carnatic, and the collec-
of Irith Sea, on the s by Merioneththire, tion of the nabob’s revenues into their
d- and on the £ by Denbighfhire. It lies.in own bands. Arcot is the capital.
he the diocefe ef Bangor, contains fix mar- CARNIOLA, a province of Germany,
e, ket-towns and 68 par’ .:s, and fends. inthe circle of Auftria; bounded on the
It . two members to parlian nt. .The prine nN by Carinthia ng Stiria, on the B by
14
|
ie
i
os TE te eerie nee “
=== —- a
- See PHILIPPINES, NEw.
CAR
Sclayonia and Croatia, on the s by Mor-
lachia and Iftria, and on the w by Friuli.
It is full of rocks and mountains, but
roduces corn, wine, and oi]. Laubach
is the capital.
CaROLina, NorTH, one of the United
States of America; bounded on the N by
Virginia, on the E by the Atlantic, on
tie s by S Carolina and Georgia, and on
the w by the Miffiffippi. It is 758 miles
long, and 110 broad; divided into eight
diftricts, and 58 ccunties. Befide the
vegetable produéts common to America,
there are ground peas, which run on the
furface of the earth, and are covered by
hand with a light mould, and the pods
grow under ground; they are eaten raw
or roafted, and tafte much like a hizle-
nut. Cotton alfo is univerfally cultivated
here. The moft semarkable of their
trees is the pitch’pine; a tall hanilfome
tree, far fuperior to the pitch pine of the
northern ftates: it may be called the
ftaple commodity of N Carolina; for it
affords pitch, tar, turpentine, and vari-
“ous Binds of lumber. Among their me-
dicinal herbs and roots, this country
abounds with the,.ginfeng, Virginia and
Seneca fnakeroot, and lion’s-heart, a fo-
vercign remedy for the bite of a ferpent.
The inhabitants of this ftate were e(ti-
mated, in 1790, at 210,000 whites and
60,000 negroes. Newburn is the capital.
CaROLina, SouTH, one of the United
States of America; bounded on the E by
the Atlantic, on the N by N Carolina,
and on the s and sw by the river Savan-
nah, which divides.it trom Georgia; its
weftern boundary has not yet been accu-
rately afcertained. It is 200 miles long,
and 125 broad; divided into fevendiftridts, .
and 35 counties. Befide Inaian corn,
wheat, &c. for home coniumption, large:
quantities of tobacco, and fome indigo!
and wheat are raifed tor exportation. -
The number of white inhabitants has
been eftimated at 30,000; the ,negroes
the fame number, but *iome compyte the
Jatter to be 120,000. Cciuimbia is the
capital. cS
CaRo.inas, or CAROLINE ISLANDS.
CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS, moun-
gains which divide Hungary and Tranfyl-
yania from Poland.
CARPENTRAS, an epifcopal town of
France, inthe late province of Provence,
and capital of Venaiffin. Before the re-
ve tion, it was fubje&t to the pope. It
is teated on the Aufon, at the foot of a
mountain, 14. miles NE of Avignon. Lon.
568, lat. 44.8 Ne >
CAR
Carri, a town of Italy, in the
Modeneie, with a caitle, eight miles Nn
of Modena. Lon. 11 168, lat. 44 41,
Carpi, atown of Italy, in the Vero-
nefe, where a viétory was gained by the
Autftrians over the French in 1701. It
is feated on the Adige, 24 miles se of
Verona. Lon. 11 49 £, lat. 45 10 N.
CaRRICK ON SuRE, atown of Ireland,
in Tipperary, 14 miles Nw of Water-
ford. Lon. 7 10 w, lat. 52 24.N.
CARRICKFERGUS, a populous borough
and {feaport of Ireland, ‘in Antrim, with
acaftle. Itis fated ona bay im the Irith
Channel, of its own name, 85 miles N of
Dublin. Lon. 5 46 w, lat, s443N.
CaRRON, ariver of Stirlingthire, which
rifes on the s fide of the Campiey Hills,
and flows into the frith of Ferth, below
Falkirk. Two miles trom its fource, it
forms a fine caicade, called the Fall: of
Auchinliliy; and on its banks are the
celebrated Carron Works.
Carron Works, an extenfive foun-
dry, belonging to the Carron Company,
on the river Carron, one mile from Fal-
kirk, confifting of the greateft iron works
in Europe. All forts of iron goods are
made in it, from the moft trifling article
to a cannon that diicharges a ball. of 42
pounds. The fhort piece of ordnance,
called a carronade, and introduced into
the navy in the laft war, was firft: made
here, and hence received its name. Above
a thoufand men are here employed; and
hence a great quantity of Jarge cannon
are exported to Ruflia, Germany, and
other foreign parts. ‘Thefe works were
erected in 17613; before which time there
was not a fingle houfe on the fpot. In
one place, where coal is converted into
coak, and the fire fpread. of courfe over
a large furtace, the volumes of {moke,
the ipiry flames, and the (uttocating heat
of the glimmering air, are wonderfully
affecting; and at night, its glare is in-
conceivably grand. How vatt the fire is,
we magy conceive, when we are told
that it often’ burns‘1oo tons of coul in a
day. [Bhe mafly bellows which roufe the
. furnaces are put in motion by water, and
receiving the air in large cylinders, force
it out again through {imall orifices, roar-
ing with aftonifhing noite. The fire of
the furnace thus roufed, becomes a glow-
ing {pot, which the eye‘can no more lock
at than at the fun. Under fuch intenfe
heat, the rugged {tone initantly diflolves
in ftreams of liquid iron. 3
CarRT, the name of two rivers in
Rentrewshire, diftingwifhed by the appel-
lations of Black and White. The Biack
Cart iff
noch; tl
NE ang
their it
Clyde,
town, }
handfom
exattly :
Three !
that it
Car
nada, a
river G
of Mala
* Car
§ Pacifi
in 1767
w- Ld
Car
which d
with R
the Ro
be feen
xo mile
tory ca
E, lat.
' CAR
Cofta
miles
hat. 10
Car
Murcia
nian $e
Cartha:
Spain.
in 170!
it. It
name,
8 wy
Car
ie
by the
ate {
Martt
a moi
well-\
CAR
Cart iffues from the lake called Lochwin-
noch; the White Cart defcends from the
NE angle of the county; and, uniting
their ftreams, they both flow into the
Clyde, near Renfrew. Oppofite this
town, in the road to Port Glaigow, is a
handfome bridge of ten arches, built
exattly at the confluence of thefe two rivers.
Three roads meet upon this bridge, fo
that it has three ends or entrances.
CaRTAMA, a town of Spain, in Gra-
nada, at the foot of a mountain near the
river Guadala Medina, eight miles Nw
of Malaga. Lon. 4 43 wy lat. 36 40 N.
CaRTERET IsLANn, an ifland in the
§ Pacific Ocean, feen by captain Carteret
in 1767. It is fix leagues long trom £ to
w. Lon. 159 14 £, lat. 8 26 s.
CARTHAGE, a iamous city of Africa,
which difputed the empire of the world
with Rome, but was at length razed by
the Romans. Some of the ruins are to
e feen on the coaft of the Mediterranean,
so miles Nz of Tunis, near a promon-
tory called Cape Carthage. Lon. 10 25
E, lat. 36 50 N.
CARTHAGE, a town of New Spain, in
Cofta Rica, with a bifhop’s fee, 360
miles wNw of Panama. Lon. $5 45 w,
lat. 10 15s. ,
CARTHAGENA, a feaport of Spain, in
Murcia, built by Afdrubal, a Carthagi-
nian $eneral, and nam. J atter the city of
Carthage. It has the beft harbour in
Spain. It was taken “by fir John Leake
in 1706, but the duke of Berwick retook
it. It is feated on a gulf of the tame
name, 27 miles s of Murcia. Lon. o
8 w, lat. 37 37N.
CARTHAGENA, a province of S Ame-
rica, in Terra Firma, bounded on the w
by the ifthmus of Darien, om the Nw and
N by.the Caribbean Sea, on the E by St.
Martha, and on the s by Popayan. It is
@ mountainous country; but has many
well-watered and fertile vallies; yet, be-
ing thinly peopled, it is ill cultivated. It
produces a variety of valuable drugs, and
fome precious ftones, particularly eme-
ralds.
CARTHAGENA, the capital of the pro-
vince of Carthagena, in Terra Firma,
one of the inoft’ populous, opulent, and
beautiful cities ja S America. Its har-
bour is the fateft'and beft fortified in the
Spanifh American dominions. This was
not the only circuimftance, to which Car-
thagena owed its fplendour and import-
ance; it was chofen as thie port in which
the galleons thould firft begin to trade; on
their arrival from Europe, and to which
they were direéted to return, in order to
CAS
prepare ‘or their voyage homeward. There
is reafon, however, to apprehend, that
it has reached its highett gat of exalta-
tion, as it muft be affected, in a great
degree, by the change in the Spaniflr
fyttem of trade with America, which has
withdrawn from it the defirable vifits of
the galleons. It was taken by the En-
glifh in 1585,and by the French in 1697,
who found a great booty: but admiral
Vernon, in 1741, though he had taken
the caftles, was obliged to abandon the
fiege. Lon. 75 26 w, lat.10 24.N.
CARTMEL, a town in Lancathire, with
a market on Monday, and a handiome
church, built like a cathedral. ‘It is
feated among the hills called Cartmed
Fells, not far from the fea, and near the
river Ken, 12 miles N by w of ‘Lan-
cafter, and 260 NNw of London. Lon.
36 w, lat. 54 12 N. ,
CaRwak, a feaport on the coatt of
Malabar, fubject to the regent of My-
fore. It is 60 miles s by E. of Goa.
Lon. 74 34. £, lat. r5 oN.
CasaL, a town of Italy, in Montferrat,
with a citadel aij a bifhop’s fee. It has
been often taken and retaken in the wars
of Italy ; the la time by the king of Sar-
dinia in 1746. It is feated on the river
Po, 37 miles NE of Turin. Lon. 8 27 8,
lat. 45 18N. :
CasaL MaGsiorE, a town of Italy,
in the duchy of Milan. It was taken by
the French in May 1796, and is {eated on
the river Po, 20 miles sz of Cremona.
Lon. 10°35 £, lat. 44 56 .N.
CasaL Nuova, a town of Naples, in
Calabria Ulteriore. A terrible earth-
quake happened ‘here m._ 1783, by which
the princeis Gerace, and upward of 4000
inhabitants loft their lives. .
Cassin, or Caswin, a town of Perfia,
in Irac'-Agemi, where feveral of the kings
of Perfia hive refided. Nadir Shah built
a palace here, inclofed by a wall a mile
and a halt in circumference; and the
town is incircled by one four miles in cir-
cuit. It carries on a great trade and is
feated near the high mountain Elwend,
where there are fine quarries of white
marble, 180 miles Nn of I{pahan. Lon.
$2 16 £, lat.35 30N.
Cascars, a town of Portugal, in
Eftramadura, at the mouth of the Tajo,
17 miles gof Lifbon. ‘ Lon.8 43 w, lat.
°38 40N.
Cascuaw. See Cassovia.
Casco Bay, a bay of N America, in
the ftate of Matfachufets and dittri&t of
Main, between Cape Elifabeth and Cape
Small Point. It is 25 miles wide, and
en ee — ERRNO went
Saas
CAS
interfperfed with fmall iflands. Lon. 69
30 W, lat. 445 .N.
CasHaNn. See CACHAN.
CasueL, a town of Ireland, in Tip-
yerary, with an archbifhop’s fee; 13
miles nw of Clonmel. Lon. 7 33 Ws
Jat. 52 26 .N.
CasnGur, or Lirrte BoKuaria,
a country of Utbec ‘T'artary, which com-
mences on the N and Neg of Cafhimere, in
Hindooftan (from which it is feparated
by the Himmaleh mountains) and extends
ta 40° N lat. Great part of it is a fandy
delert ; the other parts are populous and
fertile, but the air is cold, on account of
the mountains. Here are rich mines of
gold and filver, which the natives do not
work, becauie they are employed wholly
in feeding cattle. The mutk-animals are
ugd in this country; and they have
feveral’ precious itones befide diamends.
CasHuGur, a city of Afia, capital of
2 country of the fame name. It ttands
at the foot of the Himmaleh mountiins,
and enjoys a good trade with the neigh-
bouring countries. Lon. 73 25 £, lat.
‘41 30.N,
CASHMERE, a province of Hindoottan
Proper, fubje&t to the king of Candahar;
bounded on the w by the Indus, on the n
by Himmaleh Mount, and on the £ and
S by Lahore. It is 80 miles long, and 40
broad ; and is celebrated fer its romantic
beauties, the fertility of the foil, and the
tempera’ we of the atmoiphere. Thele
articul.rs may be accounted for, when
t is confidered, that it is an elevated and
extenfive valley, furrgunded by fteep
mountains, that tower above the regions
of inow; and that its foil is compoted of
e mud depofited by a river, which
originally formed it. waters into a lake,
that covered the whole valley, until it
‘opened itfelf a paffage through the moun-
tains, and left this fertilized valley an
ample field to human induftry. The
eriodical rains, which almoft deluge the
reft of India, are fhut out of Caihmere
by the height of the mountains, fo that
only light thowers fall there; but thefe
‘are futficiently abundant to feed fome
hundreds of cafcades, which are preci-
pitated into the valley, from every part
of this {lupendous and romantic bulwark
that encircles it. The foil is the richeft
that can be conceived, and its produc-
tions thofe of the temperate zone. A
vaft number of ftreams from all quarters
of the valley, bring their tribute to
the Chelum, the parent.of the foil, and a
large navigable river. Many fimall lakes
2st fpread over the furtace, and fome of
CAS
them contain floating iflands. The fy.
perftition of the inhabitants has multi-
plied the places of worfhip of Maha.
deo, Belchan, and Brama. All Cafhmere
is holy land, and imiraculous fountains
abound, But it is conftanily lubjcéet to
earthquakes; and, to guard againit the
molt terrible eftects, all their howles are
built of wood. Arncag other curious
manufagtures of Cafhincre is that of
fhawls; and the delicate wool of which
they are made, is the product of a {pecies
of goat of this country, or of the ad-
joining Thibet. Here are bred a tpecies
of fheep, called Hundoo, which are em-
ployed in carrying burdens. The Cath-
mereans have a language of their own,
{aid to be anterior to that of the Sanferit ;
and a religicn too, it is thought, dif-
terent from that of the Hindoos.
CASHMERE, a large city of Hindoo-
ftan Proper, capital of the province or
valley of Cafhmerc. It is feated on both
fides of the Chelun, 285 miles & by s of
Cabul. Lon. 73 11 &, lat. 33 49 N-
CASHN a, anextentive empire of Africa,
part of the region called Negroland;
bounded on the N by Fezzan and Zahara,
on the s by the Niger, and, on the B by
Zanmphara and Bornou. It. resembles
Bornou in climate, foil, and natural pro-
ductions, and in the colour, genius, reki-
gion, and government of the people, ‘The
rains, indecd, are lefs violent than thole ot
Bornou. Its, monkies and parrots (but
feldom teen in Bornou) are numerous and
of various {pecies. , ‘The common people
are leis courteous in Cafhna than in Bor-
nou. A thoufand towns and villages are
{aid to be included in this empire, which,
like Bornou, contifts of different tribes or
nations, {ubject to the dominion -of* one
ruling power,
CasuNna, the capital of the empire of
Cafhna in Africa, 970 miles s by.w of
Meturata, in 16 20 N lat.
Casimir, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Lublin. Len. 22 3 8, lat.
SION. .
Caspian SEA, a great inland fea of
Afia; bounded on the n by the country
of the Kalmucs, on the £ by a tribe of
the Turcomans, on the s by Pertia, and
on the w by Georgia. and Circadlia, It
is 680 miles in length, reckoning from Gu-
rief to Medthetifar, and in no part more
than 260 miles in breadth. It has no tide;
and, on account of its frequent thoals, is
navigable only for veflels drawing from
9 to 10 feet water. It has ftrong cur-
rents, and, like all iniand feas, is fubject
to violent fiorms. Its waters are brackish.
The fihh
Uralian
the coalt
Ural; a
have an
large qu
which al
conliderd
Ruflian
the duk
force th
is feate
Milan.e
Cas
labria
miles N
artme
lande
may be
Ocean,
so mil
Jat. 5¢
Ca:
in the
on th
which
of boa
CAS
The fihhery is a nurfery for failors, The
Uralian Coflacs enjoy the right of fithing on
the coaft 47 miles on each fide of the river
Ural; and the inhabitants of Aftracan
have an exclufive privilege on the re-
maining fhores belonying to Ruflia. ‘The
roe of the fturgeons and beluga fupply
large quantities of caviare; and the filh,
which are chiefly falted and dried, torm a
confidevable article of confumption in the
Ruffian empire. The Catpian abounds
with feadogs, which are huated and
caught in great numbers. Lon. from 48
to 53° E, lat. fren 37 to 47° N.
Cassano, 3 town of Italy, in the
duchy. of Milan, with a caftle. Here
prince Eugene, jn ¢705, was defeated by
the duke de Vendome, in attempting to
force the paflage of the Adda. Caflano
is feated on the Adda, 15 miles NE of
Milan.e Lon. 9 24 £, lat. 45 30 N.
Cassano, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Citeriore, with a bifhop’s fee, 35
miles N of Coienza. Lon. 16 20 £, lat.
39 $5 Ne
CassgL, the capital of the landgra-
vate of Heffe-Caflel, divided into. the
Old and New Town. The ftrects are
beautiful; the market-places fpacious ;
and there are four churches. The cattle,
or palace, whence there is a delightful
protpect, is built of freettone. The gar-
dens,’ the arfenal, and the cabinet of cu-
Siofities, deferve the attention of travellers.
It is feated on the Fulda, 40 miles s of
Paderborn. Lon. 9 29 E, lat. 51 19 Ne
CassEL;.a town of France, in the de-
artment of the North and late French
landers, feated on a mountain, whence
may be feen 32 towns, and the German
Ocean, though 50 miles from it. It is
10 miles Neé of St. Omer. Lon.'2 36 E,
lat. 50 48 N.
CassEL, a ftrong town of Germany,
in the circle of the Lower Rhine, fituate
on the Rhine, oppofite Mentz, with
which it has a communication by a bridge
of boats. It was taken by the French in
1792, and retaken by the Pruffians in 1793.
Cassovia, or CASCHAW, a ftron
town of Hungary, with a fine arfenal,
feated near the river Horat, 55 miles NE
of Agria. Lon. 21 25 £, lat. 46 48 N.
CasTaNOviTz, a town of Auftrian
Croatia, on the river Unna, which divides
that country from Turkey. Lon. 17 19
E, lat. 45 40 N. ‘ :
CaSTELAMARA, a feaport of Naples,
in Principato Citeriore, with a bifhop’s
fce, 15 miles‘sz of Naples, Lon, 14
35 E, lat. 41 40 N,
CAS
CasTEL-ARAGONESE, a feaport of
Sardinia, with a bifhop’s fee, 20 miles
NE of Saffari. Lon. 9 1 £, lat. 40 56 Ne
CASTEL-BALDO, a town of Italy, in
the Veronefe, on the river Adige, 35 miles
SE of Verona. Lon. 12 7 E, lat. 45 § Ne
CASTELBAR, a town of Ireland, in
the county of Mayo, 35 miles Not Gal-
way. Lon. 9 15 W, lat. 53 54.N.
CAsSTEL-BRANCO, a town of Portu-
gal, capital of Beira, on the river Lyra,
38 miles Nw of Alcantara. Lon. 640
W, lat. 49 52.N.
CASTEL-DE-VIDE, a town of Portugal,
in Alentejo, ¢ight miles N.of Portalegse.
Lon. 7 31 W,, lat. 39 16 Ne |;
CasTEL-Fouit, a town of Spain, in.
Catalonia, on an inacceflible eminence, near
the river Fulvia, 15 miles w of Gironya.
CasTEL-GONDOLFO, a. village + jm’
Campagna di Roma, near Lake Albano,
on the extremity of which is a caftle, to
which the pope retires in the fummer.
Near this village is the villa Barbarini,.
within the gardens of which are the ruins
of. an immenie palace, built by the ¢m-
peror Domitian. It is 19 miles 8 by &
of Rome. f agud
CASTEL-JALOUX, a.town of France,
in the department of Lot and Garonne
and late province of Guienne, It is feated
on the Avance, 20 miles £ of Bazas.
Lon. 0 25 &, lat. 44 20 N. ,
CasTEL-NvuOvVoO, a town of Venetian
Dalmatia, on the gulf.of Cataro, 12 miles
N by w of the town of Cataro. Lom 38
29 Ey lat. 42 36 N. ar
CasTEL-RopDRIGo, a town of Portu-
gal, in the province of Tra-los-Montes,
30 miles Nw of Cividad-Rodrigo. Lon,
6 22 w, lat. 41 ON. .
CasTEL+-Nuovo- DI-CARFAGNANA,
a. town of Italy, in the Modenefe, with
a ftrong fort. It is the capital of the
valley of Carfagnana, and ieated on the
river Serchio, 17 miles above Lucea.
Lon. 10 40 £, lat. 44.5 .N.
CASTELLANE, a town of France, in
the department of the Lower Alps and.
late province of Provence. Near it is.a
falt {pringy from which the water iflues
in‘fuch abundance as to turn a mill at
the very fource. Many of the ancient
lords of Caftellane were diftinguithed
among the poets, called Troubadours.
It is feated on the Verdon, in a hilly.
country, 27 miles s by B of Senez. Lon.
6 34 £, lat. 43 55 N. Wee ;
CASTELLON, a town of Spain, in Ca-
talonia, five miles Nw of Rofes. Lone
24 588, lats 4218 N,
CAS
CASTELNAUDARY, a town of Franee,
in the department of Aude and late pro-
vince of Languedoc, on an eminence, at
the foot of which is the Royal Canal,
which here forins a bafin about 7600 feet
in circumference. Near this town, in
1633, marthal Schomberg defeated the
duke of Orleans, and tock the unfertu-
nate Montinorency prifoner. Caftelnau-
dary is 15 miles w of Carcafionne. Lon.
208, lat. 43 19 N.
CASTIGLIONE, 2 town of ‘Italy, in
the Mantuan, with a caftle. It was
taken by the Auftrians inv r701 4 but the
French defeated them near it in 1706,
and again on Auguft 3, 1706. It is
20 miles NW cf Mantua, Lon. 10 42
Ey dat. 45 23'N.
CASTILE, the principal and moft opu-
lent of the kingdoms into which, Spain
was formerly divided. It now forms the
two provinces of Old Cattile and New
Cattile; the former having been recovered
latter.” *
CastTiLt, Oxp, a province of Spain,
392 miles in length, and 115 in breadth;
bounded on the s by New Cattile, on the
& by Arragon and Navarre, on the N by
Bilcay and the Afturias, and on the w
by Leon. Burgos is the capital,
.-CasTiILe, NEW, or TOLEDO, a pro-
vince of Spain, 200 miles in length, and
384 in breadth; bounded on the N by
Old Caftile,; on the £ by Arvagon and
Valencia, on thes by Murcia and An-
dalucia, and on the w by Eftramadura.
It) is: divided into-three parts; Argaria
to the N, Mancha to the E, and Sierra to
thes. Madrid is the capital.
CASTILE DEL Oro, or New Cas-
TILE, in America. See TERRA Firma.
CasTILLARA, a town of Italy, in the’
Mantuan, fix miles Ne of Mantua. Lon.
10'5q:£, lat. 45 14.N.
.CaSTILLON, a town of France, in-
the department of Gironde and _ late pro-
vince of Guienne; famous for a victory
gained by the French over the Englith in
1451. It is feated on the Dordogne, 25
miles £ of Bordeaux. Lon. 02 4, lat.
44 52.N.
CasTLE-CARyY, 2 town in Somerfet-
fhire, with a market on Tuefiay, 12
miles sE of Wells, and 112 w.by s of
London. Lon. 2 42 w, lat. 51 5 N.
. CasTLE-ComB, a town in Wilt-
fhire, fo called from its ancient caftle. It
formerly had:a market. It is 12 miles
NNE'of Bath. sit
CasTLe-HEDINGHAM), a -village in
Effex, fo called from the ancient caftle of
fromthe ‘Moors ome time betore the:
CAS
the extin& family of the Veres, earls of
Oxford; a fine tower of which, on an
eminence, is ftill entire. Itis feven miles
sw of Sudbury.
Castie-Rrsina, a borough in Nor-
folk, which had.a market, now difuted,
on account of its harbour being choked
up; but it is governed by a mayor, and
fends two members to parliament. The
cattle, whence it has its name, is now
in ruins. eis feven miles NE of Lynn,
and 103 NN® of London. Lon. © 30 £,
lat. 52 50 .N.
CasTLETON, a Village in the peak
of Derbyfhire, at the foot of a rock
above 250 feet high, on which are the
remains of a cafile, aferibed to Willian
Feverel, natural fon of the Conqueror.
It has three of the feven wonders of the
peak in its neighbourhood; the Devil's
Arte, Mam Tor, and Elden Hele. The
firft‘is a cavern in the fock abovemen-
tioned, whofe arched entrance is 42 feet
high and 120 wide, which becomes nar-
rower as it proceeds, and the root
defeends té within two feet of the fur-
face of a brook; this being paffed ano-
ther large cavern fucceeds, with feveral
high openings in the roof, which defcends
again to a fecond brook ; after which is
a third cavern called Roger Rain's houfe,
becaufe of the perpetual dropping: the
length of the whole cavern‘ is 480: yards. .
Mam Tor, a mile w of the village, is a
mountain, 1000 feet above’ the level of
the valley, en the top and fides of which
isa camp, {uppofed to be Roman: it
overtops the whole Peak country; and”
the vulgar ftory is that this hill is con-
tinually crumbling, without being di-
minifhed. Elden Hole, a mile s of
Mam: For, is 2 perpendicular gulf or
chafin in a limeftcene rock, the depth of
which! is untathomablé, its’ fides being
fo very fhelving and irvegular: it -has:
been plumbed trom 192 to 295 yards?
40 of which feemed to be in water.
Caltleton is five miles N of Tidetwell.
CastLETOwN, the capital of the Ifle’
of Man, with a caftle, but of no great im-
portance, on account of its diftance from
the rocky and fhallow harbour. Lon, 4
35 Wy, lat. §3 55 N. | oa
Casron, a town’in Norfolk, with a
market on Monday, 10 miles NNW of!
Norwich, and 113 NE of London. Lon.
122 E, lat. 52 48 N.
CAs‘ror, a town in Lincolnfhire, with
a market on Saturday, 20 miles NE of
Lincoln, and 159 -N of London. Lon.
© 9 W, lat. 5330 Ne. . 5.
Castres, a town of France, in the
de, wal
Langued
epitcopa
XII at
but, in
molith
Turquo
of Rap
M. Dac
on the
Lon. 2
Cas
mony 0
Lon. 11
Cas
Naples,
3! E, 1
Cas
Chili, 4
is 180
wy, lat.
Cas
gal, in
and fea
diana,
w, lat.
Cas
remark
bacco,
miles s
12.50
CaT
CaT
Cataba
{tate of
river |
betwee
Jat. 34
Cat
bound
is and
on thi
Its. gi
niles,
whole:
tains,
It abc
has q'
ef mi
Ca
on a
bifho
one i
fabri
CAT
de, ..uwent of Tarn and late province of
Languedoc, of which it was recently an
epitcopal fee. In the reign of Lewis
Xut it was a kind of proteitant republic ;
but, in 1629, its fortifications were de-
molifhed, Near this town, are mines of
Turquoife ftones. It is the birthplace
of Rapin Thoyras, Abel Boyer, and
M. Dacier. It is feated in a fine valley,
on the Agout, 20 miles s of Alby.
Lon. 2 20 £, lat. 43 37 N.
CasTRO, a town of Italy, in the patri-
mony of St. Peter, 40 miles Nw of Rone.
Lon. 11 54 Ey lat. 42 23 N.
CasTRo, a feaport of the kingdom of
Naples, Gx miles s of Otranto. Lon. 18
31 E, lat. 40 16 N.
CasTRro, a town of S America, in
Chili, capital of the ifland of Chiloe. It
is 180 miles 5 of Baldivia, Lon. 75 5
Wy lat. 42 4 5s.
CasTRO-MARINO, a town of Portu-
gal, in Algarve, It is ftrong by fituation,
and feated near the mouth of the Gua-
diana, 55 miles s of Beja. Lon. 7 12
w, lat. 376 N.
CasTRO-VEREGNA, a town of Peru,
remarkable for mines of filver, good to-
bacco, and wholefome air. It is 125
miles sk of Lima. Lon. 74 45 W, lat.
12.50 S.
Cat Istanp. See GUANAHAMI.
CaTABAW, a town belonging to the
Catabaws, the only Indian nation in the
ftate of S Carolina. It is feated on the
river Catabaw, on the boundary line
between Nand § Carolina. Lon. 81 15 wy
lat. 34 49 N.
CaATALONia, a province of Spain,
bounded on the n by the Pyrenese, on the
sand s by the Mediterranean Sea, and
on the w by Arragon and Valencia.
Its greateft extent from & to W is 112
miles, and from n to $°148. The air is
wholefomne ; and it is full of high moun-
tains, covered with torett and truit-trees.
It abounds in wine, corn, and pulii, and
has quarries of marble and {everal jorts
ef mines. Barcelona is the capital.
Cavanta, a celebrated city of Sicily,
on a gult of the fame name, with a
bifhop’s fee, and a univerfity, the only
one in the ifland. The church is a noble
fabric, the largeft in Sicily ; and the organ
is much admired by mufical connoiffeurs.
The principal ftreets: are wide, ftraight,
and well paved with lava; and the inha-
bitants are Computed to be 30,000. The
Jand about it is fertile in corn, excellent
wine, and fruits. By an eruption of
Etna, in 1669, it was almoft totally de-
Stroyed and, in 1693, it was entixely
CAT
fwallowed up, by an earthquake, which
buried 18,000 pople in the ruins. I is
52 miles sw of Mefiina, Lon. 15 29
BE, lat. 37 36 N. ;
CATANZARO, a town of Naples, in
Calabria Uiteriore, with a bithop's fee,
feated on a mountain, 15 miles sw of
Belcattro, Lon, 16 48 x. lat. 49 0 N.
CaATARO, atown ot Venetian Daimatia,
with a cattle, and a bithop’s fee; feated
on a gulf of its own name, 30 miles w
of Scutari. Lon. 18 40 £, lat. 42 40 N.
CaTEAU. SeeCHareEau CAMBRESIS,
CaTeGaTe, a gulf between Sweden
and Denmark, by which the Baltic com-
municates with the ocean.
CATHARINENSLAF, or ECATERRI-
NENSLAF, a government: of the Ruffian
empire, divided into two provinces;
namely, Catharinenflaf, which includes
New Ruiflia and the late government of
Afoph; and Taurida, which includes
the Crimea.
CATHARINENSLAF, the capital of a
province of the fame name, built by the
prefent empre/s of Kuilias and its name
lignifies The glory of Catharine. It is
feated near the confluence of the Kiltzin
and Samara, 178 miles Neé of Cherion.
Lon. 35 15 £, lat. 47 23 N.
CaTHaRINe’s, St. the principal ifland
on the coaft of the s part of Brafil, with
a harbour defended by feveral forts. Ie
is 27 miles long, but not more than fiz
broad. Lon. 49 17 W, lat. 27 35 8.
CATHERLOUOH. See CARLOW.
CaTMAaNbu, the capital cf Napaul,
in Hindooftan Proper, 445 miles E of
Delhi. Lon. 84 51 8, lat. 28 6 N.
CarouHe, Cape, the, NE promof-
tury of Yucatan, in N America, where
the Englith adventurers from Jamaica
fit attempted to cut logwood. Lon.
86 30 W, lat. 22 ro N. See HONDURAS.
CaTTAack, or CuTTACK, the capital,
of Oriffa, a province of Hindooftan, in the
Deccan. It is a poft of confequence, as it
lics on the only road between Bengal and
the Northern Circars; and the poff-ffion
of this city and its dependencies gives the
Berar rajah (a Mahratta prince) more
coniequence in the eyes of the govern.
ment of Bengal, than even his extenfive
domain and centrical petition in Hindoow
ftan. Cattack is feated on the Maha.
nuddy, near its influx into the bay of
Bengal, 220 miles sw of Calcutta. Lon
86 1 £, lat. 20 61 N.
CaTTaRick, a village near Rich-
mond, in the w riding ot Yorkthire. It
has a bridge over the river Swale, and
@ fort of cataract near it, from which
3
7
CAU
it feems to have derived its name. Jt
appears to have been a great city in the
time of the Romans, one of whote high-
ways crofied the river here, on the banks of
which are the foundations of gre:t walls,
and a mount caft up to a vatt height.
Many coins and urns have been dug up
here. The final dettruétion of this city
was by the Danes.
Catwick, a village of Holland, on
the German Ocean, near which the only
branch of the Rhine that retains its ori-
ginal name, is loft in the fands. It is fix
miles Nn by w of Leyden.
\Cava, a town of Naples, in Princi-
pato Citeriore, with a bifhop’s fee; feated
at the toot of Mount Metelian, three
miles w of Salerno. Lon. 14 55 £, lat.
40 26N.
CAVAILLON, a town of France, ia
Venaiffin, with a late epifcopal fee, then
fubject tothe pope. It is teated on the
Duranee, 20 miles se of Avignon. Lon.
$17 Ey lat. 43 34.N.
Cavan, a county cf Ireland, in the
province of Ulfter, 47 miles in length,
and 23 in breadth; bounded on the N by
Fermanagh and Monaghan, on the £ by
the latter county and Louth, on the w by
Leitrim, and on the s by Longtord, Weit
Meath, and Eaft Meath. I: has but two
towns of any note, Cavan and Kilmore.
It fends fix members to parliament, and
contains 37 parifhes. :
Cavan, a borough of Ireland, capital
ef the county of Cavan, 60 miles Nw of
Dubiin. Lon. 7 23 .w, lat. 54 51 N.
Caucasus, a chain of mountains in -
Afia, which extend from the Black Sea to
the Cafpian, ‘They are the higheft in
Afia, and their tops are always covered
with fhow. The lower parts abound in
honey, corn, wine, fruits, gum, hogs, and
horned cattle. The vines wind about high
trees. Thefe mountains are inhabited by
feven diftinct nations, each {peaking a
different language: namely, the Turco-
mans, the Abkhas, the Circatfians, the
Ofli, the Kilti, the Leiguis, and the
Georgians.
Caucasus, a government of the Ruf-
fan empire, divided into the two provinces
of Aftracan ard Caucaius. ‘The pro-
vince of Caucafus comprites the Cuban,
and all that diftviét to the EB and s, now
in the poflefiion of Ruilia, between the
rivers Don and Cuban, 2nd between the
Black Sea and the Cafpian, extending as
far as the confines of Georgia.
CauDEBEC, a populous trading town
of France, in the department of Lower
Swine and lateprevince of Normandy, at
CAZ
the foot of a mountain, near the Seine,
18 miles Nw of Rouen. Lon.1 266,
lat. 49 31 N. :
CaviaNa, an ifland of § America, at
the mouth of the river Amazon, go miles
in circumference, and of a triangular
fonn, with its bafe to the uceaii. It lies
under the equinoétial line in lon. 50 20 w.
CauvERY, or CAVERY, a confider-
able river of the peninfula of Hindooftan,
whicii rifles among the Gauts, and watering
Seringapatam and Tanjore, enters the bay
of Bengal, by feveral mouths, between
Cuddalore and Trichinopoly
CaviNa, a town in tke ifland of Ma-
nilla, with a ftrong caftle, a harbour,
anda dock. It is 10 sniles from the city
of Manilla.
CaUNE, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Tarn and late province of
Languedoc, feated near the mountains,
where the river Agout has its fource. It
is 21 miles NE of Ca(tres. Lon. 2 43 £,
lat. 43 40N.
CauTERETS, a villas of France, in
the de: artment of the Upper Pyrenees
and late province of Bigorre, noted for its
mineral water. It is 18 miles sw of
Bagneres.
Cawoop, a town in the E riding of
Yorkfhire, with a market on Wednefday,
12 miles $ of York, and 186 nw of
London. Lon. 1x ow, lat. §3 47N.
CaXaMALCa, a town of Peru, capital
of a territory of its own name. Here
Pizarro, the Spanith general, in 1532,
perfidioufly feized the inca At ahuhalpha,
and the next year, after a mock trial,
caufed him to be publicly executed. It
is 300 miles NNE of Lima. Lon. 74 53
w, lat.7 255.
CAXTON, a town in Cambridgefhire,
with a market on Tuefday, 10 miles w
by s of Cambridge, and 49 N of London
Lon. 0 10 W. lat. 10 ON.
Caya, a river of Portugal, which rifes
near Portalegre, and running SE divides
Spain from Portugal, and talls into the
Guadiana, at Badajoz.
CAYENNE, arich town and ifland on
the coaft of Guiana, capital of the French
fettlements there, bounded on the w by
the Dutch colony of Surinam. The
French {vttled here in 1635, but left it in
1654, and it was fucceflively in the pof-
feffion of the Englifh, French, and
Dutch; but the latter were expelled by
the French in 1677. Cayenne pepper,
fugar, and coffee, are the principal com-
modities. Lon. 52 1§ w, lat. 4 56N.
CaniMIR, a town of Little Poland, in
the palatinate of Lublin, deated on the
a
feet, bu
nefs of
arch, a
thickne
earth,
pailage
crofled
dia, an
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BEEZ)
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.
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the
CEN
Viftula, 80 miles £ of Zarnaw. Lon. 22
3 E, lat. 510 N.
Crpu, one of the moft foutherly o
the Philippine Iflands.
CeparR CREEK, a water ef James
River in Virginia, in the county of Rock-
bridge; remarkable for its natural bridge,
on the afcent of a hill, which feems to
have been cloven through its length by
fome great convulfion. The fiifure, juit
at the bridge, is 250 feet deep, 45 wide
at the bottom, and goat the top. This,
of courfe, determines the length of the
bridge and its height from the water.
Its breadth in the middle is about 60
feet, but more at the ends, and the thick-
nefs of the mafs at the fummit of the
arch, about forty feet. A part of this
thicknefs is conftituted by a coat of
earth, which gives growth to many large
trees. The refidue, with the hills on
both fides, is one folid rock of limeftone.
This bridge gives name to the county
of Rockbridge, and affords a commodious
paifage over a valley, which cannot be
crofled elfewhere for a confiderable dif-
tance.
CrepONGA, a town of Naples, in Prin-
Cipato Ulteriore, with a bithop’s tee;
feated at the foot of the Appennines, 12
miles nw of Melfi. Lon. rg 38 x, lat.
4I5.N.
CrFALONta, a confiderable ifland of
the Mediterranean, on the coatt of Liva-
dia, and oppofite the gulf of Lepanto.
It is fertile in oil, and excellent mutca-
dine wine. It is furbjeét to the Venctians,
and the capital is of the fame name. Lon.
2036 F, lat. 38 22 N.
CeraLu, a feaport of Sicily, in the
valley of Demona, with a caftle, and a
bifhop’s fee. Lon. 13 58 £, lat. 38
a5 .N.
CELANO, a town of Naples, in Abruz-
70 Ulteriore, a mile from the lake of Ce-
lano, Lon. 53 39 £, lat. 41 56.
CrLerves, or Macassar, an ifland in
the Indian Ocean, to the & cf Borneo.
The heat would be infupportable, but for
the N winds, and the rains, which con-
ftantly fall five days before and atter the
full moons, and during two months that
the fun is nearly vertical. The fruits
are ripe all the year. The natives are
Mahiometans, and the beft foldiers in
thefe parts. The Dutch have ftrong
forts here, by which they keep the-na-
tives im ave Lon. from 116 to 124° £,
lat. from 130 Nto5 30s.
CENADA, an ancient town of Italy, in
Trevitans, with a bifhop’s fee, 18 miles
“forth of Trevigio.
CER
Lon. 12 26 £, {af
462N.
CeENIs, a mountain, which is a part of
the Alps, and feparates the marquifate of
Suita from the Morianne.
~ CENu, a town of Terra Firma, eight
miles s of Carthagena. Lon. 75 24 w,
lat. 1019 N.
CERAM, an ifland in the Indian Ocean,
one of the Moluccas, to the w of New
Guinea, 140 miles in length, and 4o in
breadth. It is mountainous and woody ;
and the Dutch have a fortreis to kee
the natives in fubjeétion, and to defend
the Spice Iflands, having deftroyed the
clove-trees here. Lon. trom 126 to 129
E, lat. 40S.
CERDAGNA, a fmall diftri&, partly of
Spain, in Catalonia, and partly of France,
in the department of the Eaftern Pyre-
nees and late province of Rouffillon,
Puycerda is the capital of the Spanifh
part, and Mont Louis of the French.
CERENZA, a town of Naples in Cala-
bria Citeriore, with a Bifhop’s fee; feat-
ed on a rock, 12 miles nw of St. Severino.
Lon. 17 2 &, lat. 39 23 N.
CERET, a town of France, in the de-
partment of the Eaftern Pyrenees and
late province of Rouffillon, with a mogni-
ficent bridge of one arch over the ‘Tet.
Here the commiffioners of France and
Spain met, in 1660, to fettle the limits of
the two kingdoms. It is 12 miles from
Perpignan. Lon. 2 46 £, lat 42 36 N.
Cex1Go, an ifland of the Archipelago,
to the s of the Morea, and to the n of
Candia, formerly known by the name of
Cytherea. Itis 45 miles in circumfer-
ence, full of mountains, and has a finall
town of the fame name. Lon. 23 22 Ey
lat. 36 20 Ne
CERINES, a feaport of Cyprus, with a
cattle, and a Greek bifhop’s tee. Lon. 34
35 E, lat. 35 §9 N.
CeRNEY, NorTH, a village in Glou-
cefterfhire, near the downs, where Ciren-
cefter races are run. In an adjacent field,
isa camp of confiderable extent. It is
tour miles from Cirencefter.
CerTosa, a celebrated Carthufian~
mona(tery, in the duchy of Milan, four
miles from Pavia. Its park is furround-
ed by a wall 20 miles im circumference,
and contair. teveral villages.
CeRVE« ,a town of Spain in Catalo-
nia, on a river of its own name, 22 miles
nw of Tarragowa. Lon. 39 &, lat.
4125 N. ae
Cervia, a feaport of Italy, in Ro-
magna, with a bithop’s fee ; feated on the
CEY
git of Venice, 10 miles se of Ravenna.
on.12 17 E, lat. 44 30 N.
CgsENa,a town of Italy, in Romagna,
with a bifhop’s ite; teated on the Savio,
as miles sz of Ravenna. Lon. 12 20 £,
lat. 44.25 N.
CETTE, a feaport of France, in the de-
partment oi Herault and late province of
Languedoc, seated at the place where the
Canal of Languedoc begins, between
Montpellier and Agde, on the Mediter-
ranean Sea. Lon. 3 42 Ey lat. 43 23.
CEva, a town of Piedmont, on the
Tanaro, with a tort, eight miles se of
Mondovi. It was taken by the French in
April 1796. Lon. 8 10 £, lat. 44
26 N. .
CEVENNES, a mountainous country in
the s ot France, in which, attcr the revo-
cation ot the ediét of Nants, a remnant
of the perfecuted Huguenots took refuge.
Here, under the name of Camiiards, they
led a favage life with the rude natives.
In 1701, encouraged by the promiles of
the confederates, they revolted, and tor
fome time were fucceisiul againft the ge-
nerals fent to reduce them; and marfhal
Villars deigned to enter into treaty with
them. Suipecting, however, the fincerity
of the court, they broke off the negocia-
tion; and, Villars being recalled, 'the duke
ot Berwick took the command, and, in
2705, finally {ubdued them.
Ceuta, a feaport of Africa, witha
bifhop’s fee. John, king of Portugal,
took it from the Moors, in 1415, but it
now belongs to Spain. It is feated on
the firaits of Gibraltar. Lon. 5 20 w,
lat. 35 50 N.
, CeyLon, a large ifland in the Indian
Ocean, 250 miles in length, and 195 in
breadth. In general the air is very good ;
and though the country is full of moun-
tains, there are fertile vallics. In some
places there are rich mines, whence are
got rubies, fapphires, topazes, and other
itones of lefs value. Here is abundance
ef wood for all forts of ules, and
feme proper for dying red. It is re-
tarkable ror abundance of cinnamon; and
in the kingdom of Candy is plenty of
very large cardamums. ‘The pepper here
is fo good, that it fells. dearer than that
of other places. One of the moit re-
markable trees in Ceylon is the tallipot,
which grows ftraight and tall, and is as
big as the matt of a thip: the leaves
are fo large as to cover 15 or 20: men;
when dried, they are round, and fold up
like afan. The natives wear a piece
of the leaf on their head when they travel
to thade them from the fun, and they are
CHA
fo teugh that they are not eafily torn,
though thofe that wear them make their
way through the woods and buthes.
Every foldier carries one, and it ferves
for his tent. Of the animal tribes, this
ifland is moft famous for its elephants y
the tame elephant of Ceylon being more
efteemed than any other inthe Indies, not
only on account of their gigantic bulk,
and the beauty of their ivory, but for
their remarkable docility : and it abounds
with buffaloes, goats, hogs, deer, hares,
dogs, jackals, monkies, tigers, and bears.
It has a great variety of birds, fome of
which aye not to be met with in other
places; alfo very dangeraus ferpents. and
ants whieh do a great deal of milchief.
The inhabitants are divided into ‘everal
tribes, from the nobleman to the maker
of mats, and all the children follow the
fame bufineis as their fathers; nor is i
lawful to marry inte any other tribe.
They are pagans; and though they ac-
knowledge a fupreme God, they worfhip
none but the inferior fort, and among
thefe they reckon the fun and moon. In
their temples are images, well executed,
though their figures are monftrous: fome
are of filver, copper, &c. The different
forts of gods have various prieits, who
have all fome privileges. Their houfes
are {mall and low, with walls made of
hurdles, fmoothly covered with clay, and
the roofs thatched. They have ng chim-
nies, and their furniture is only a few
earthen veflels, with two copper bafins,
and two or three ftools; none but the
king being allowed to fit in a chair.
Their food is: generally rice, and their
common drink is water, which they pour
into their mouths out of a veffel like a
tea-pot, through the {pout, never touch-
ing it with their lips. ‘There are fome
inicriptions on the rocks, which mutt be
very ancient, for they are not underftood
by any of the prefent inhabitants. The
Portuguefe were the firft Europeans who
fettled on this ifland; but the Dutch foon
drove them away, and eftablifhed them-
felves on all the principal places along
the coaft, In February 1796, all the
Dutch forts and fettiements furrendered to
the Englith. Lon. trem 80 to 82° g, lat.
trom 6 to 10° Ns
CHABLAIS, a province of Savoy, bound-
ed on the N by the Jake of Geneva, on the
E by Vallais, cn-the s by Faucigny, and
on the W by the Genevois. ‘Thonon is
the capital.
CHABLIS, a town of France, in the
department of Yonne and late province of
Burgundy, remarkable for white wines.
\
Ttis 15
$ 59E>
CHa
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CHA
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It is 1g miles E by Nof Auxerre. Lon.
$ 59 E; lat. 47 42 N.
CuactTaws, or Flat Heads, a tribe,of
Indians, between the rivers Alabaina and
Miffifippi, in the w part of Georgia.
They have 43 towns and villages, con-
taining 12,123 fouls, of which 4,041 are
fighting men.
CHACKTOOLE Bay, a bay in Norton
Sound, difcovered ‘by captain Cook. in
3778. Lon. 162 47 Ww, lat. 64 31 N.
‘Cuacre, a fort of S America, in the
province of Darien, at the mouth of a
viver of the fame name, to the sw of
Porto-Bello. It was taken by admiral
Vernon in 1740. Lon. So 7 W, lat. 9
20 N.
Cuats-D1Ev,a town of France, in the
department of Upper Loire and late pro-
vince of Velay. Its late Benedictine
abbey was much celebrated. It is 12
miles E of Brioude. Lon. 3 4 £, lat. 45
ISN.
CHALDEA. See IRAC ARABIA.
CHALONS-SUR-SAONE, an ancient city
of France, in the department of Saone
and Loire, lately a epifcopal fee in the
province of Burgundy. It is the itaple
of iron for Lyons and St. Etienne, and of
the wines for exportation. The great
Roman way from Lyons to Boulogne
affed by Chalons; and here are various
indications of Roman magnificence, par-
ticularly the ruins of an amphitheatre.
The city contains the Old ‘own, the
New Town, and the fuburbs of St. Law-
rence. In the firft is the coyrt of juitice,
and the cathedral. In the church of the
late Carmelites, is the tomb of the epi-
cure Des Barreatx, immortalized by the
fine fonnet, Grand Dieu, tes jugeimens,
&c. Chalons is. féated on the Saone, 35
miles s of Dijon. Lon. 4 57 £, lat. 46
47 N.
CHALONS-SUR-MaRNE, 2 city of
France, in the department of Marne,
lately an epifcopal fee in the province of
Champagne. It contains 15,000 inha-
bitants, who carry on a confiderable trade
in fhalloons and other woollen ftuffs.
Here is an academy of the {ciences, arts,
and belles-lettres. Chalons is feated on
the rivers Marne, Mau, and Nau, 40
miles sw of Verdun, and 95 & of Paris.
Lon. 4 27 £, lat. 48 57 N.
Cuams, a town of Germany, in the
circle of Bavaria, capital of a county of
its own name, {eated on the river Chamb,
37 miles NE of Ratifbon. Lon. 12 555,
fat. 49 14.N.
CHAMBERRY, a populous tewn, the
capital of Savoy, with a caftle, It is
CHA
watered by many ftreams, which have
their fources in St. Martin’s Hill, and
run through feveral of the ftreets.. There
are piazzas under molt of the houles,
where people may walk dry in the worft
weather. It has large and handfome
fuburbs, and in the centre of the town is
the ducal palace. It was taken by the
French in 1792. It is 27 miles NE of
Grenoble, and 85 Nw of Turin. Lon.
5 50 EB, lat. 45 35 N.
CHAMBERSBURG, the capital. of the
county of Franklin, in Fenntylvania.
Lon. 77 41 w, lat. 39 56 N.
CHAMOND, a town of France, in the
department of Rhone and Loire and late
province of Lyonois, witha caftle, on the
river Giez, 17 miles s of Lyons. Lon.
4 55 E, lat.45 29N. .
CHAMPAGNE, a late province of France,
162 miles in length, and 112 in breadth;
bounded on the N by Hainault and Lux-
emburg, on the £ by Lorrain and Fran-
che Comié, on the s by Burgundy, and
on the w by the Ifle of France and Soif-
fonnois. It now, forms the department
of Ardennes, Aube, Marne, and Upper
Marne.
CHAMPLAIN, Lake, a lake of N
America, which divides the ftate of New
York from that of Vermont. It is 80
miles long, and 14 in its broadeft part.
Lon. 74 10 W, lat. 45 ON.
CHaNncua, a town of Egypt, five
miles from Cairo, at the entrance of the
defert which leads to Mount Sinai.
CHANDA, a city of Berar, in the De-
can of |} ottan, fubject to the chief’
of the Eait ahrattas. It is feated on
a branch of the Gedavery, 7o miles s
of Nagpour. Lon. 79 40 £, lat. 20
ION.
CHANDERNAGORE, a large town cof
Hindooftagn Proper, in Bengal. It is a
French fettlement, and had a very flrong
fort, deftroyed by admiral Wation in
1757; and, in 1793, the Eng ith again
difpoffeffed the French of this iettlement,
It is feated on the w fide of the Hoogly,
a litle nNw of Calcutta.
CHANG-HAI, a town of Chin the
province of Kiang-nan. dn this town,
and the villages dependent on it, ave
more than 200,000 weavers of common
cotton cloth.
CHANG-TONG, a maritime province
of China, on the eaftern coaft. It con-
tains fix cities of the firtt, and 114 of the
fecond and third clafles. It is traverfed
by the river Yun, or grand imperial
canal. The capital is T'fi-nan-fou.
CHANMANNING, * city of Thibet,
aE
——.
eo
a
ieee
FS ERR SE ca ge i a
aa le esa cast hn erates imma se
oat lad 5 A ee Soe " ne a oo . *
CHA
which has been the refidence of the grand
lama. Itis 130 miles wof Laffa, Lon.
$39 45 £, lat. 31 ON.
CHANNERAY, a village in Rofsfhire,
near the frith of Murray, formerly a
bifhop’s fee. It is 30 miles w of Elgin,
the fitte cathedral of which town is called
Channeray church, it having been in-
tended, -it is faid, to be built here.
CHaN-si, one of the finalleft provinces
of China, bordering on the great wall.
It is full of mountains, fome of which
are uninhabited, and have a wild and
frightful appearance; but the reft are cul-
tivated with care, and cut into terraces
from top’ to bottom. Chan-fi contains
five cities of the firit clafs, and 85 of the
fecond and third. The capital is Tai-
yuen-fou.
CHANTILLY, a town of France, cele-
brated for a fine foreft and magnificent
hunting-feat, which belonged, betore the
late revolution, to the prince of Condé.
It is 17 miles N by E of Paris. Lon. 2
36 E, lat. 49 11 N.
CHAO-HING-FOU, a-city of China, in
the province of Tche-kiang. It has
eight cities of the third rank under its
jurifdistion. The inhabitants of this
diftrict are faid to be the greateft adepts
in chicanery of any in China. Indeed,
they are fo well verfed in the laws, that
the governors of the provinces and great
mandarins: choofe their fecretaries trom
among them.
CHAO-TCHEO-FOU, a city of China,
in the province of Quang-tong, fituate
between two navigable rivers, and cele-
brated for a monaftery of the bonzes in
its neighbourhood. Lon. 114. 22 £, lat.
250N.
CHAPARANG, or DSAPRONG, a con-
fiderable city of Thibet, in Afia, feated
on the fouthern head of the Ganges, not
far weftward from the lake Manjaroar.
Lon. 78 42 £, lat. 34 oN.
CHAPEL IN FRITH, a town in Derby-.
fhire, with a poor market on Saturday,
feated on the confines of the Peak, 17
miles se of Manchefter, and 165 NNW of
London. Lon. 1 55 w, lat. 53 22N.
CHARABON, a feaport on the N coaft
of Java, in the Indian Ocean, 130 miles
E of Batavia. Lon. 109 ro &£, lat. 6
OS.
Cuarcos, Los, a province of S Ame-
rica, in Peru. It has the fineft filver
mines in the world. La Plata is the ca-
pital. See Poros.
CHARD, a town in Somerfetfhire,
tvith a market on Monday; feated on the
fide of a hill, fix miles w of Crewkerne,
CHA
and 141 w by s of London. Lon. 3 38
w, lat. 50 52 N.
CHARENTE, a department of France,
including the late province of Angou-
mois. It is name! from a river, which,
rifes in Limofin, runs by Angoulefine and
Saintes, and falls into the bay of Bifcay.
Angoulefine is the capital.
CHARENTE, Lower, a department
of France, confifting of the two late pro-
vinces of Aunis and Saintonge. Saintes
is the capital.
CHARENT®N, 2 {mall town, on the
river Seine, four miles s of Paris; once
famous for its proteftant church.
CHARITE, a town of France, in the
department of Nievre and late pro-
vince of Nivernois. Its fituation on the
road from Paris to Lyons, and the canal
of Briare, has made its trade very brik.
Here are forges, for converting the iron
in the neighbourhood into fteel, a wollen
manufaéture, and another for arms, hel-
mets, and hardware in general. The
fuburb is fituate in a kind of ifland,
which forms about 2 fourth of the town.
The ftone bridge communicating with it
was ruined by the melting of the ice in
1789. The moft remarkable edifice in
this town is the priory of the late Bene-
ditine Cluniftes. When we confider the
vaft riches and prerogatives of this mo-
maftery (the prior commendatory of which
was temporal lord of the town) we flrould
not forget, at the fame time, that, ina
feafon of {carcity, the whole town has
fubfifted upon ite bounty; and hence it
derives its name. It is feated on the
Loire, 15 miles N of Nevets. Lon, 3
10°E, lat. 47 10N.
CHARLEMONT, 2 borough of Ireland,
in the county of Armagh, feated on the
river Blackwater, fix miles s of Dungan-
non. Lon. 6 37 Wy, hat. 54 44.N.
CHARLEMONT, a fortified town of
the Netherlands, in the county of Namur,
ceded to the French by the treaty of Ni-
meguen, It is feated on the Meule,
25 miles sw of Namur. Lon. 4 408,
lat. 50 6 N.
CHARLEROY, a town of the Auftrian
Netherlands, in the county of Namur,
built by the Spaniard», in 1666. It has
been often taken and. retaken, the laft
time by the French in1794. It is feated
onthe Sambre, 18 miles w of Namur,
Lon. 4 30 £, lat. 50 20 N.
Cuartes, Cape, a promontory of
Virginia, on the n fide of Ehefapeak Bay.
Lon. 75 50 w, lat. 37 12. N.
CHARLES, Cape, a promontory on the
sw part of the ftrait entering into Hude
fon's B
ION.
’ CHAR
land, at
Lon. 2 2
CHAK
of S Cy
trade; 4
and an
1600 h
and 54
‘dreadfu
deftroye
is feated
rivers f
which ig
20 mileg
the rive
plantatic
with ro
32 SON
CHAR
in the ff
of Wa
being th
the Indi
ber of
peaceab
govern
er Cuat
of the i
It is the
ed by a
CHA!
7 of Hud
524.
CHA!
in the
Cork.
CHA
the dep
province
ftraight
height.
and in
It is fe
from wv
and ac
and 11
49 50)
"Ou
SEAU,
SE of |
land o
'63 25
CH,
inia,
. CH.
emine
the T
fair o}
CHA
fon’s Bay. Lon. 75 15 W, lat. 62
10 N.
Cuarces Fort, a fortrefs of Ire-
land, at the entrance of Kinfale harbour.
Lon. 2 23 w, lat. 51 1 N,
CHARLESTON, a feaport, the capital
of S Carolina. It is a place of good
trade; and has an exchange, a ftatehoufe,
and an armoury. In 1787, there were
1600 houfes, 9600 white inhabitants,
and 5400 negroes. In June 1796, a
‘dreadful fire, which raged for 14 hours,
deftroyed upward of 300 houles. It
is feated on a peninfula, formed by the
rivers Afhley and Cooper, the former of
which is navigable for fhips of burden
20 miles above the town. The banks of
the rivers are adorned wjth beautiful
plantations, and fine walks, interfperfed
with rows of trees, Lon. 80 15 w, lat.
32 SON.
CHARLESTON, a town of N America,
in the ftate of Rhode Ifland andscounty
of Wafhington. It is remarkable for
being the refidence of the greater part of
the Indians that {till remain (to the num-
ber of s00) in this ftate. They are
peaceable and well difpofed toward the
government, and fpeak the Englifh lan-
Cs,
HARLESTON, a town on the sw fide
of the ifland of Nevis, in the W Indies.
It is the feat of gcvernment, and defend-
ed by a fort. Lon. 62 50 w, lat. 16 10 N.
CHARLETON, an ifland gt the bottom
of Hudfon’s Bay. Lon. 79 § w, lat.
523.
CHARLEVILLE, a borough of Ireland,
in the county of Cork, 30 miles N of
Cork. Lon. 8 30 w, lat. 52 23N.
CHARLEVILLE, a town of France, in
the department of the Ardennes and late”
province of Champagne. The ftreets are
ftraight, and the houfes of an equal
height. Here is a magnificent fquare,
and in the centre a handfome fountain.
It is feated on the Meufe, near Mezieres,
from which it is feparated by a bridge
and a caufeway; 15 miles Nw of Sedan,
and 115 NE of Paris. Lon. 4 45.8, lat.
49 50 N.
CHARLOTTE-TOWN, ‘formerly Ro-
SEAU, the capital of Dominica, 21 miles
sz of Prince Rupert’s Bay, on a point of
land on the sw fide of the ifland. Lon.
‘6125 Wy, lat. 15 25N.
CHARLOTTESVILLE, a town of Vir-
ginia, on James River.
CHARLTON, a village in Kent, on an
eminence that commands a fine view of
the Thames. It is famous for an annual
fair on St. Luke’s day, called Horn Fair,
CHA
in which horn wares are fold, and the
mob wear horns on their heads. Tradi-
tion traces its origin to king John, who,
being dete&ted in an amour here, was
obliged, it is faid, to appeafe the hufband,
by a grant of all the land from this place
to Cuckold’s Point; and he eftablithed
the fair as the tenure. In this parith, on
Blackheath, is Morden College, a noble
inftitution for decayed merchants, founded
by fir John Morden, bart. a Turkey mer
chant. Charlton is fix miles gsz of
London.
' CHARMES, a town of France, in the
department of the Vofges and late’ pro-
vinee of Lorrain, feated on the Molelle,
over which is a handiome bridge, eight
miles —£ of Mirecourt.. Lon. 6 17 By
lat. 48 21 N.
CHARNWOOi, or CHARLEY, FOREST,
a rough open traét in the NW part of
Leicefterfhire.
CHAROLLES, a town of France, in the
department of Saone and Loire, and late
province of Burgundy. It has aruinougs
caftle, and is feated on the Reconce, 24
miles wNw of Macon, Lon. 4 24, lat.
46 28 .N.
CHaROST, a town of France, in the
department of Indre and late province of
Berry, feated on the Arnon, fix miles NE
of Iffoudun. Lon. 2 10 £, laty47 1 N.
CHARTRES, an ancient city of France
in the department of Eure and Loire and
late province of Beauce. It is the epif-
copal fee of the department, and, before
the abolition of nobility in France, gave
the title of duke to the eldeft fon of the
duke of Orleans. Here is a general hof-
pital, and another for 120 blind perfons.
The cathedral is one of the fineft in
France, and its fteeple much admired.
The principal trade confifts in corn. It
is feated on the Eure, 45 miles sw of
Paris. Lon.1 34.8; lat. 48 27 N.
CHARTREUSE, or GRAND CHARTRE-
USE, lately one of the moft celebrated
monafteries ‘in France, eight miles N of
Grenpble. It is feated on the top of a
high mountain,’ which ftands in a plain,
three miles in length, having only one -
entrance. It was the chief of the mo-
nafteries of the order of Chartreux, and
fo large that there were lodgings for all
the Sepnties of the order throughout
France, who met here once a year. "It tc “
now converted into a kind of arfenal.
Lon. 5 49 E, lat. 45 20N.
CuHarysprs, a famous whirlpool, in
the ftrait of Meffina, on the coatt of Sicily,
oppofite the celebrated Scylla, in Italy.
According to the i of poets, it was
a
ye pe - a
= - B24 353 TR on Be, - Fe
— BRI a a rn
at dS ro mnt igh aaa et om BERS PRES IL ae reahs eee
are
eee
4
Lae
Be
fi
Hal
aN
a
|
|
}
ey =
CHA
very formidable to mariners; but it is
faid to have been entirely rémoved by the
dreadful earthquake in 1783.
HATEAU-BRIANT, atown of France,
in the department of Lower Loire and
late province of Brittany, with an old
caftle, 24 miles s of Rennes. Lon. 1
36 Ww, Jat. 47 46 N,
CHATEAU-CAMBRESIS, a town of
France, in the department of the North
and late province of the Cambrefis, with
@ magnificent palace, which belonged to
the late archiepifcopal fee of Cambray.
It is famous for a treaty concluded be-
tween Henry 11 of France and Philip 1
ef Spain; and is 12 miles sz of Cambray.
Lon. 3 40 £, lat. 13 7 N.
CHATEAU-CHINON, atown of France,
in the department of Nicvre and late pre-
vince of Nivernois, with a confiderable
manufacture of cloth. It is feated on the
Yonne, neay the fource of that river, 36
miles E of Nevers. Lon. 4 8£, lat.470N.
HATEAU-DAUPHIN, a itrong caftle
of Piedmont, 18 miles w by N of Saluces.
It was taken by the French and Spaniards
in 1744, and reftored in 1748.
CHATEAU-DU-LoIR, atown of France,
in the department of Sarte and late pro-
vince of Maine, famous for a fiege of
feven years againft the count of Mans.
It is feated on the Loir, 22 miles sz of
Mans, and 97 wof Paris. Lon.o 30£,
fat. 47 40 N.
CHATEAUDUN, ap ancient town of
France, in the department of Eure and
Loire and late province of Beauce. Here
is acaftle,and a holy chapel, built by the
famous count of Dunois. The treafury of
this church contained a magnificent crofs
of gold, enriched with precious ftones, and
a glafs vafe which bore the name of
Charlemagne, and is faid to have been a
prefen from Aaron king of Perfia. The
reets are ftraight; the houtes. uniform ;
and the great {quare is very {pacious.
It is feated on an eminence, near the |
Loire, 30 miles n of Blois, aud 72 sw
of Paris. Lon. 1s 22 £, lat. 48, 4N.
CHATEAU-GONTIER, 2 town of
France, in the cepartment and late
rovince of Maine, feated on the river
Maine, with a caftle. It has a mineral
fpring ; its trade confifts in linens; and
Jit. is 22 miles Nw. of “Angers, and 147
“gw of Paris. Lon.o 368, lat. 47 47 N.
CHATEAU-LANDON, 2 town of France,
in the departmeft of Seine and Marne
and late province of the Ifle of France,
with a late Auguitine abbey, feated on a
hill, five miles s of Nemours, and 50
Aby zof Paris. Lon.a 38x, lat. 48 11 Ne
CHA
CHATEAULIN, a townof France, in
the department of Finifterre and late pro-
vince of Brittany, 18 miles N of Quimper,
on the river Auzon, where there is a
falmon fifhery.
CHATEAU-MEILLANT, a town, of
France, in the department of Cher and
late province of Serry, nine miles eB of
Chatre. Here isa caftle, with a tower,
{aid to have been built by Julius Cefar.
CHATEAUNEUF, a town of France, in
the department of Cher and late province
ef Berry, 16 miles s of Bourges.
CHATEAUNEUF, a town of France,
in the department g§ Eure and Loire and
late province of Beauce, 12 miles NE of
Chartres.
CHATEAUNEUF, a town of France, in
the.department of Maine and Loire and
Jate province of Anjou, feated on the
Sarte, 12 miles N of Angers.
CHATEAU-RENAUD, a town of France,
in the department of Indre and Loire and
late province of Touraine, 20 miles. nw
of Amboif, and 88 sw of Paris. Lon.
1 1 Ws, lat. 47 33.
CHATEAUROUX, 2 town of France, in
the late province of Berry, and recently
erected into the epiicopal fee of the de-
partment of Indre, with a caftle. It has
a manufacture of cloth, and is feated ina
pleafant plain, on the Indre, 15 miles sw
of Iffoudun, and 148 s of Paris. Lon.
51 E, lat. 46 46 N.
CHATEAU-THIERRY, a town of
France, in the department of Aifhe and
late province of Champagne, with a caftle
@n an eminence, feated on the river Maine.
It is the birthplace of the inimitable La
Fontaine; and is 27 miles sw of Rheims,
and 97 NWot Paris. Lon. 3 33 &, lat.
49 2.N.
CHATEL, a town of France, in the de-
partment of the Vofges and late province
of Lorrain, feated on the Moielle, 8 miles
E of Mirecourt,
CHATEL-CHALON, 2 town of France, in
the department of Jura and late province
of Franche-Comté, remarkable for its
late Bencdi€tine nunnery, 20 miles s of
of Dole. Lon. 5 38 £y lat. 46 46 N.
CHATELLERAULT, a town of France,
in the department of the Vienne and late
province of Poitou, feated on the Vienne,
over which is a handfome ftone bridge.
‘It is noted for its cutlery, watchmaking,
_and the cutting of falfe diamonds. It
gives the title of duke to the Scotch duke
of Hamilton. - It is 22 miles NNeE of Poi-
tiers, and 168 sswof Paris. Lon.o
44 Ey lat. 46 50 N.
CHATHAM. a town in Kent, adjoiniag _
Rochefte
It he
royal nas
pe furni:
In 1667,
and’ bur
entrance
fended b
in 1757
begun at
Saturday
a thip u
It is 3:
35 E, la
CHAT
France |
provinet
CHA’
France,
late pre
Loches.
CHa’
France,
late pre
of Rhie
CHA
France,
and fat
into tw
works
miles }
42 Ne
Cua
the {ta
of the
the A
whenc
10 N.
Erie i:
CH,
artm:
Hheesiy
trom
trade
35 N.
Cc
CHA
Rochefter, and feated on the Medway.
It\is one of the principal ftations of the
royal navy ;.and the yards and magazines
are furniflied with all forts of naval {tores.
In. 1667, the Dutch failed up to this town,
and burnt feveral men of war: but the
entrance: into the Medway is now de-
fended by Sheernefs and other forts ; and
in 1757, .additional fortifications were
begun at Chatham. It has a market on
Saturday, a church, a chapel of eate, and
a fhip ufed as a church, tor the {ailors.
It is 31 miles Est of London. Lon. o
39 E, lat. sr 22 N.C
CHATILLGN-LES-DOMBES, a town of
France in the department of Ain and late
province’ of Bree, 12 miles w of Bourg.
CHATILLON-SUR-INDRE, a town of
France, in the departinent of Indre and
late province of Berry, 1o miles s of
Loches. Lon. o 55 £, lat. 47 22 N.
CHATILLON-SUR-MARBE, a town of
France, in the department of Marne and
late province of Champagne, 17 miles s
of Rhiems. Lon. 4 5 £, lat. 48 58 N.
CHATILLON-SUR-SEINE, a town of
France, in the department of Cote d’Or
and late province of Burgundy, divided
into two by the river Seines It has iron-
works in its neighbourhood, and is 36
miles NWof.Dijon. Lon. 4. 35 &» lat. 47
42 Neo | :
CuaToque, a lake of N America, in
the ftate- of New York, It is the fource
of the river Conawongo, which runs into
the Allegany. The Jower end’ of it,
whence the river proceeds, is in. lat. 42
10 N. From the nw of this lake to Lake
Erie is nine miles.
CHATRE, a town of France, in the.de-
partment of Indre and late province of
Berry, feated:on the river Indre, 37 miles
trom Bourges. It has a confiderable
trade in cattle. Lon. 1 55 £, lat. 46
N.
Cure eae, a village in the Peak
of Derbyfhire, near the river Derwent,
fix miles w of Chefterfield. . Heve is a
noble feat of the duke of, Devonthire,
which, for its fine fituation,; park, gar-
dens, fountains, &c. is deemed one-ot the
wonders of the Peak. In its firft age, it
was-the prifon of Mary queen of Scots,
for 17 years; in memory of which the
new fedeings that are built, initead. of
the old, are called the Queen of Scots
apartment.
CHaANgs, a town of Portugal, in the
province of Tra-los-Montes, feated at the
foot of a mountain,.on the river Tamega.
It has twe fuburbs and two forts. Be-
tween the town and the fuburb Magda-
CHE
lena, is an old Roman ftone@ridge. If
is 30 miles sw of Braganza. vce. 7
ow, ‘lat. 41 45 N.
CHAUMO@NT, 2 town of France, in the.
department of Upper Marne and late
province of phe gr The principal
gate of the church of the college is much
admired. It is feated on a mountain,
near the river Marne, 14 miles s of Joime
ville. Lon. 5 9 8, lat. 48 8 N.
CHau Mont, a town of France, in the
department of Oife and late province of
the Iile of France, 30 miles nw of Paris.
Lon. 2 7 £, lat. 49 18 N.
CHAUNY, 4 town of France, in the
department of Aifne, on the river. Oife,
20 miles E of Noyon. Lon. 3 18 &,
lat. 49 17.N.
CHEADLE, a town in Staffordthire,
with a market on Saturday, feated in the
moft fertile part of te moorland, 12
miles we of Stafford. “Lon. 2 56 Wy
lat. 53 oN.
Cusam, a village in Surry, adjoin-
ing to which is the fite of the village of
Codinton, or Cudington, where Henr
vir built the palate of Nonfuch, fo muc
celebrated, by Camden and Hentzner,
for its magnificence. It was a favourite
refidence of queen Elifabeth; but being
granted by Charles 11 to the duchefs of
Cleveland, fhe pulled down the houfe,
and difparked the land. Cheam is 13
miles ssw of London.
CHEBUKTO, a harbour, near Halifax,
in ova Scotia. Lon. 63 18 w, lat. 44
45 .N.
CHEDDER, a village in Somerfetthire,
famous tor its cheefes, which are as large
as thofe of Chefhire. It is three miles &
ot Axbridge.
CuHEDWworTH, a village in Gloucefter-
fhire, four miles wsw of Northlech, fituate
on the declivity of two-hills. In this
parifh, in 1760, a Roman bath was dif-
covered ; and near it is a tumulus, inwhich
great. quantities of human bones. have
deen: found. ;
CHEITORE;r OuDIPOUR, one of the
principal of the Rajpoot ftates, in Hin-
dooftan Proper. It confifts, in general
of high: mountains, divided by narrow
vallies ; or ot plains environed by mour-
tains, acceflible only by narrow. pafles or
defiles ; and abounds with tortretfes: in
reality, one of the ftrongeft. countries in
the world ; yet having an extent of arable
land fufficient for the fupport of a nu-
merous population, and biefied with a
mikd climate, being between 24 and 28°
N lat. It is tributary to the Mahrattas.
CHEITORE, er OUDIPOUR, a town,
13
CHE
ifea provinee of the fame name, in Hin-
dooftan Proper. It was the, capital of
the rana, or chief prince, of the Rajpoots,
‘in the days of his greatnefs; and wasa
fortre/s and city of great extent, fituate
on a mountain; but it has been in ruins
fince the time of Aurungzebe, in 1681,
It is 120 miles s by zof Nagpour. Lon.
74 568, lat.25 21 N. *
CHELM; a town of Poland, in Red
Ruffia, capital of a palatinate of its own
name, with a bifhop’s fee. It is 100
miles ESE of Warfaw. Lon. 23 29:E,
Jat. 51 20 N. :
CHELMER, a river in Effex, which
rifes near Thaxted, and flows by Dun-
mow and Chelmsford to Malden, where
it joins the Blackwater, and forming the
eftuary called Blackwater Bay, or Malden
Water, enters the German Ocean.
CHELMSFORp® the county-town of
Effex, fituate ima beautiful valley, at
the confluence of the Chelmer and Can,
with a market on Friday. It confifts of
the town and hamlet of Moulfham, parted
from each other by the river Can, over
which is an elegant ftone bridge of one
arch. In the town are the church, a
Magnificent fhire-houfe, a freefchool, a
mew conduit, and a neat theatre: the
hamiet contains the new county-zaol, and
three meeting-houfes. In 1793, an act
‘was obtained, to make the Chelmer navi-.
gable hence to Malden. Chelmsford is
21 miles wsw of Colchefter; and 29 ENE
of London. Lon. o 33 5, lat. 51 43 N.
CHELSEA, a village in Middlefex, on
the Thames, one mile w of Weftminfter ;
remarkable for its magnificent hofpital
for the invalids of the army, and for the
noble rotundo in the garden of Ranelagh
Houfe, -a place of fafhionable amufe-
ment in the fummer evenings, and the fineft
ftructure of the kind in Europe. Here is
aalfo an excellent phyfic garden, belonging
to the company of apothecaries.
CHEL ENHAM, 2 townin Gloucefter-
Shire, with a market on Thurfday ; and
noted for its mineral waters, which are
fomewhat like thofe of Scatborough. It
is nine miles NE of Gloucefter, and 95 w
by Nof London. Lon. 2 21 wy lat. 5:
SSN. .
CHELUM, a river of Hindooftan Pro-
per, being the wefternmoft'of the five
eaftern branches of the river Indus. It
rifes above Cafhmere, waters that city,
and.flowing through the- province of that
name, ina SE direction, joins the Indus
below Moultan. This river is the fa-
mous Hydafpes of Alexander.
CHEN-SI, one of the -moit extenfive
i Roa abbey.
CHE
provinces of China, bordering on’ thé
great wall. It is divided into two parts,
the eaftern and weftern, and contains ¢ight
cities of the firft rank, and 106 of the
fecond and third. It is fertile, commer-
cial, and rich, but fubject to long droughts;
and clouds of focufts fometimes deftro
every thing that grows in the fields: thefe
infeéts the Chinete eat hoiled. InChen-fi,
are rich gold mines, which, for poiitical
reafons,.arenot allowed to be opened. :Si-
ngan-fou is the capital. }
CHEN-YAN, or MouG-pDEN, the ca-
pital of Eaftern Chinefe ‘Tartary (or
country of the Mantchew Tartars) and
of a department of the fame name, which
is bounded on the s by the great wall of
China.
CHEPELIO, an ifland in the bay of
‘Panama, three miles fromthe city of Pa-
nama, which it fupplies. with provifions
and fruit. Lon. 80 15 w, lat. 8 46/N.
CHEPsTOW, a town in Monmouth-
fhice, with a market on Saturday. It is
feated on the fide of a hill, on the Wye;
near its confluence with the Severn. It
was formerly a confiderable place, and had
a large caftleon a. rock, and a priory, part
of which is converted intoachurch. Jtis
walled round, has a handfome high bridge
over the river, and fends provifions and
other commodities to Briftol. The tide
is faid to rife higher ‘here than in any
other part of Europe, it fwelling to 50 or
60 feét perpendicular. It is 18 miles
N of Briftol, and 127 w of London:
Lon. 2 -36 W, lat... 42 .N.
CuHER, 2 department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of Berry.
It receives ‘its name from the river Cher,
which rifes in Auvergne, and falls into
the Loire, below Tours. ‘Bourges is the
capital.
CHERaASCO, a confiderable town of
Piedmont, capital of a territory of the
fame name, with a ftrong citadel, to
which the duke of Savoy retired in 1706;
during the fiege of Turin. It 1s feated
at the confluence of the Sturia and Ta-
naro, “upon ‘a- mountain, ¢4 miles sE of
Turin. Lon. 7 58 &, lat. 44 45 N.
CHERBOURG, a feaport of France, in
the department of the Channel and: late
province of Normandy, with alate Au-
It is remarkable for the
eafight between the Englifh and French
in 1692, when the latter were beat, -and
upward of ob of their men of wat
burnt near Cape [a Hogue. The Englith
landed here in Auguft 1758, took the
town, with the fhips in the bafin, demo- —
‘fithed the fortifications, and. ruined the
a
ether wo
to enlar
more fa
were re
{cale, ©
refs w
herbou
Lon. 1
CHER
Afia, ¢
ef Bagd
CHER
CHEE
Ocean,
Yon. 24
CHE
nice, W
Croatial
foil is
cattle, 4
40 E> ]
’ CHE
the go
a new
the N
Jow th
not yet
many ¢
a rett
princip
pxport
which
fhips
fupplic
‘whtch
the fh:
town.
are m
ftrong
of aq
beaut!
and tl
tors,
1787;
journ:
empe
faid,
Taw
the
was.
the g
lies |
‘plac
CHE
ether works which had been long begun
to enlargé the harbour, and render it
more fafe and convenient. ‘Thefe works
were refumed, on a very ftupendous
fcale, ny Lewis xvi; but their pro-
refs was interrupted by the revolution.
Bherhoteg is 50 miles NW of Caen,
Lon. 1 33 £» lat. 49 38 N.
CHERESOUL, a town of Turkey in
Afia, capital of Curdiftan, 150 miles N
ef Bagdad. Lon. 44158, lat.35 5oN.
Cueroket River. Sce TENNESSE.
Cuerry Isnanp, in the Northern
Ocean, between Norway and Greenland.
Lon. 20 5 £, lat. 74 30 N.
CHERSO, an ifland in the gulf of Ve-
nice, with a town of the fame name, near
Croatia, belonging to the Venetians. The
foil is ftony; but it abounds in wine,
cattle, oil, and excellent honey. Lon. 14
40 E, lat. 45 11 N.
’ CHERSON, the capital of New Ruffia, in
the government of Catharinenflaf. It is
a new town, erefted by Catharine 11, on
the n bank of the Dnieper, 10 miles be-
Jow the mouth of the Ingulec. It is
not yet yery large; but the church, and
many of the houfes are built of ftone, in
a pretty tafte. It is intended to be the
principal mart of all the commodities of
export and import. It has’a dock, from
which feveral men of war and merchant
fhips have been already launched. It is
fupplied with fuel ‘by reeds only, of
which there is an <inexhauftible foreft in
the fhallows of the Dnieper, oppofite the
town. Rails, and even temporary houfes,
are made of them. They are tall and
ftrong, and afford fhelter to various kinds
of aquatic birds; ‘fome of ‘which are very
beautiful. The fortifications are made,
and the plantations formed, by malefac-
tors, who amount to fome hundreds: In
3787, the emprefs made a triumphant
journey to this capital, and here met the
emperor Jofeph 11. Her intention, it 4s
faid, was to ‘be crowned here quéen of
Taurica, and emprefs of the Eaft: but
the ‘defign did not take place; and fhe
was content to have infcribed over one of
the gates of the city, Through this gate
‘lies the road‘ to Byzantium. In this
‘place, in 1790, the celebrated Mr. How-
ard, fo well known for his ‘plans of re-
form of the different hofpitals and prifons
of Europe, fell a.viétim to his indefati-
gable humanity. Cherfon is 50 miles £
of Oczakow. Lon. 33 10 £, lat. 46
5N.°
* CHERTSEY, a town in Surry, with a
market on Wednefday. It is feated near
the Thames, over which is a handfome
CHE
ftone bridge of feven arches. It is feven
miles w af Kingfton, and 20 w by s of
London, Lon. © 20 w, lat. 51 25 N.
CHERZ, an ancient tern of Poland, in
Malovia, 15 miles from W arfaw. Lon.
21 8 Ww, lat.52 1 N.
CHESAPEAK, one of the largeft bays in
the known world. Its entrance is be-
tween Cape Charles and Cape Henry in
Virginia, 12 miles wide, and it’ extends
270 miles to the N, dividing Virginia
from Maryland. It is from ‘even to 18
miles broad, and generally nine fathoms
deep ; affording a fafe navigation and
many commodious harbours. it receives
the Suiquehannah, Potomac, Rappahan-
noc, York, and James Rivers, which are
all large and navigable. Lon. 76' 0 w,
Jat. 36 45 N.
CHESHAM, a town in Bucks, witha
market on Wednefday, 12 miles sg of
Ailefbury, and 29 w by N of London.
Lon. 0 36 Ww, lat. 5: 42 N.
CHESHIRE, an Englifh county pala-
tine, bounded on the N by Lancabhire;
on the NE by Yorkfhire, on the £ by
Derbythire, onthe sz by Staffordshire, on
the s by Shropfhire, on the w by Den-
bighfhire and Flintfhire, and on the Nw
by the Irifh Sea,-into which projects a
peniniula, 13 miles in length and fix in
breadth, formed -by’ the. mouths of the
Merfey-and the Dee. This county ex-
tehds 33 miles from N to $s, and 42 4rom
E to W, without including the peninfula
juft amentioned on the Ww, or a narrow
tract of land which ttietches between Lan-
cafhire and Derbythire, to Yorkfhire, on
the NE. It is divided into feven hun.
dreds, containing one’ city, 11 market-
towns, and ro1 parifhes. # fends two
members to parliament for the county,
and two for Chefter. The air is tem-
perately cold, and very healthful. The
principal rivers are'the Merfey, Weaver,
‘Dee, and Dane; and it has feveral fmall
lakes. It is rich in pafture and corn land’;
but there are feveral ‘heaths' upon which
-horfes and fheep feed, among which are
‘the extenfive forefts of Macclesfield and
Delamere. The country is generally level ;
the higheft hills in itare about Frodfham ;
and its extenfive paftures feed a’ great
number of cows, whofe milk is peculi-
arly rich, and of which is made’ excel-
lent cheefe. “ Such quantities of “thefe
cheefes are made, that London alone ‘is
faid to take annually 14,000 tons';’ and
vaft quantities are alfo fent to ‘Briftol,
Yorx, Scotland, Ireland, &c. But a
confiderable quantity of what commonly
goes by the name < Chethire chee‘e is
4
CHE
made in-Shropthire, Staffordthire, and
Lancashire. ‘This county is likewise
famous for its falt f{prings at Nampt-
wich, Middlewich, Northwich, and Wins-
ford; and, at Northwich, there are vait
pits of folid falt rock.
CHESTER, the capital of Chefhire,
with a market on Wednefday-and Satur-
day. It is a place of great antiquity ;
the walls are near two miles in circum-
ference, and there are fouy gates, towards
the tour cardinal points. It has a {trong
caftley in which is the thire-hall, and ro |
churches, befide the cathedral. The
main itreets have a fort of covered por-
tico running, out from houie to houle,
which are.called rows, and attord a fhel-
ered walk for the foot pafiengers. It
has 3 conftant communication with Ire-
Jand; this and Holyhead being the. prin-
cipal places of taking thipping for Dub-
lin, It has, a {mall fhare of foreign
trade; and its two annual fairs are the
moft npted in England, eipecially for the
fale of Irifh linen, It has a manufacture
of gloves, and a confiderable traffic of
fhop goods into N Wales. It gives the
title of earl to the prince’ of Wales, is
governed by a mayor, fends two members
to parliament, and is a bithop’s fee. It
is 20 miles s by E of Liverpool, 38 sw
of Manchefter, and 182 Nw of London.
Lon. 3. 3 w; late 53°12 Ne gl
CHESTER, a county of Pennfylyania,
44.miles long and 22 broad. -In.i790,
it. contained 27,937 inhabitants. Weft
Chefter is the capital. » rathes
' CHESTER, West, the capital of the
county of Chefter, in Pennfylvania, It
is feated on the Delaware, and has a fine
harbour, 17 miles w by s of Philadel-
phia. Lon. 75 3 w, lat. 39 54.N.
CHESTERFIELD,.,a, town in. Derby-
fhire, with a market.on Saturday, and a
handiome church, remarkable, for, its
curved fpire. It.is governed bya mayor,
‘and, next to Derby, is the moit comfider-
able trading town in the county. ’ It has
a manufacture of ftockings, and alfo of
carpets. ‘There are-potiertes for brown
ware, and near the town large iren foun-
dries, the ore and coal for the fupply of
which are dug in the. vicinity. Large
quantities of lead are ic: + fiom hence, by
a cana} from this town to.the ‘Trent,
-which. it joins . below Gaintborcugh.
Chefterficld is feated cn a hill, between
the rivulets Ibber and Rother, 22 miles
N of Derby, and 149 NNW of London.
Lon. 1 27 w. lat. 53 18.N.
Cueviotr Huis, a ridge of moun-
tains, which run from N to s through
CHI
Northumberland and Cumberland. Near
thefe many an obftinate battle has been
fought. between the Englifh and Scots,
betore the two kingdoms were united.
Thete hills are chietly wild and open
fheepwaiks: goats alfo are fed ainong
them ; and fome of the fineft cattle in the
kingdom, in parts of the Scotch horder.
CHIAPA-DE-LOS-INDIOS, a large town
of N America, in Mexico, in a province
of its ownname. Lon. 96 5 Wy lat. 15
16 N, '
CHIAPA-EL-REAL, a town of N Ame.
rica, in Mexico, in a province of its own
name, with a biihop’s fee. Its principal
trade gonfiits in cocoa-nuts, cotton, and
fugar. Lon. 94 4.5 W, lat. 17 10 N.
CilARENZA, a feaport of Turkey in
Europe, in the Morea, oppofite the ifland
of Zante. Lon. 21 36 £, lat. 37 50 N.
CHIARI, a town of Italy, in the Bref-
ciano, where the Auftrians defeated the
Frenca in 1701. Lon. 10 17 By lat. 45
30 N.
CHIAR0-MonreE, a,town of Sicily, on
a mountain, 25 miles w. of Syracufe.
Lon...14 59 Ey lat. 37 3 Ne mre
.. CHIAVENNA, a town of Swifferland,
capital of a county of the fame name,
under the fovereignty of the Grifons. It
is a trading place, efpecially in wine an
delicate fruits; but its chief fupport is
the tranfport of merchandife, it being the
principal communication between the Mi-
aneie and Germany. ‘The governor’s
palace, and the churches are magnificent ;
and the inhabitants are Roman catholics.
Here are the ruins of .a once celebrated
fortrefs, on the fummit of a rock; and
tlofe:to the town is a reck of afbeftos, a
kind of mineral fubftance, of a grayith
filver colour, which can be drawn out into
longitudinal fibres.as fine as thread, and
ofS Nippokd to. be indeftructible by’ fire.
sChiavemma ,.is feated near the lakes of
yChiavenna.and Como. Lon. 9 19 £;
pat. 46 19 N. '
. CHIAVENNA, LaGHETTo D1, a,fmall
Jake of the country of the Grifons, ip
Swifferland, near the. town of Chia-
cvenna, The views of this lake aré wild
and magnificent; furrounded as it is by
barren, -rocks,, craggy, and rifing into
{fpires fprinkled with fnow. | The bafes
of thefe dreadful precipices are loft in the
overfhadowed water, dangerous on ac-
count of its malignant-vapours, and af-
fording no afylum, fcarcely a landing-
place, to the crews.of thole frajl boats,
which are caught unwarily in the violent
ftorms to which it is, fubject.
CHiICAsaws, anation of Indians, fettled
the he
Mobile,
ner of G
Indians
which 57
{even to
in lon. 8
Curc
with 2 m
day. It
Levant,
thedral,
fends tw
governe
round, a
is the ce
It expor
foreign ¢
needles.
It is 61
48 w, k
‘ CHIe
rope, in
Veneti
it. Loft
’ CHIE
Bavaria
town of
fee. T
ference,
of Salt
CHIE
feated o
fant’ cov
covered
of Tur
‘
CHIE
Abruzz
fee. TI
river Pi
Lon. >
' Cui
Eppin
foende
been v!
in the
adorne:
pontifi
jervati
in the
of Lor
~ Cu
f Ari
fiderat
CHI
on the
covere
Be t
fffed
otter
fori
with)
CHI
the head branches of the Tombeckbe,
Mobile, and Yazoo rivers, inthe Nw cor-
ner of Georgia. The number of thefe
Indians has been reckoned at 1725, of
which 575 are fighting men. They have
{even towns, the central one of which is
in lon. 89 43 Wy, lat. 34 23.
CHICHESTER, the capital of Suiiex,
with 2 market on Wednefday and Satur-
day. It is feated in a plain, on the river
Levant, is a bifhop’s fee, and has a ca-
thedral, with feven fmall churches. It
fends two members to parliament, and is
governed by amayor. ‘The city is walled
round, and from the market-place, which
is the centre, may be {een the four gates,
It exports corn, malt, &c. and has fome
foreign commerce, and a manufaiure of
needles. ‘The haven affords fine lobfters.
It is 61 miles sw of London. Lon. o
48 w, lat. 50 50 N.
" CHigLera, a town of Turkey in Eu-
rope, inthe Morea. It was taken by the
Venetians in 1685; but the Turks retook
it. Lon. 22 28 £, lat. 36 35 N.
’ CHrieMseEg, a lake of Germany, in
Bavaria, which contains an ifland and
town of the fame name, with a bifhop’s
Yee. The ifland is 17 miles in circum-
ference, and the town is 22, miles wsw
of Saltzburg.
' Cuitgri, a fortified town of Piedmont,
feated on the declivity of a hill, in a plea-
fant country, bounded on all fides by hills
covered With vines... It is eight miles £
of Turin °°
‘ Cuizti, a town of Naples, capital of
Abruzzo Citeriore, with an archbifhop’s
fee. It is feated on a mountain near the
river Pefcara, eight miles sw of Peicara.
Lon. 15 7 £, lat..42 20N.
_ CHIGWELL, a village in Effex, near
Epping Foreft, ‘noted for a freefchool,
founded by archbithop Harfhett, who had
been vicar of this place. He was buried
in the church; and his graveftone was
adorned with his figure in brafs, in his
pontifical robes, but for its better pre-
lervation, it has been fixed on a pedeftal
in the chancel. Chigwell is 10 miles NE
of London,
~ Curuigt, or Port-CHEsR, a feaport
of Arabia Felix, which carries on a con-
fiderable trade. Lon. 49 25 £, lat. 14.40 N.
CHILI, a large counery of S America,
on the coaft of the S Pacific Ocean, dif-
covered by Diego d’Almagro in 1525.:
eae mountainous part of it is {till pof*
Affed by the’ Puelches, Araucos, and
otter tribes of its original inhabitants,
forhidable neighbours to the Spaniards,
withwhom, ‘during two centuries, they
spe tl DOTS
CH
have been obliged to maintain almoft per
petual hoftility, fufpended only by a few
intervals of infecure, peace. That pare
of Chili, therefore, which may be pro-
perly deemed a Spanith province, is a
narrow diftrit, extending along the coaft,
from the defart of Atakamas to the ifland
of Chiloe, above 900 miles. Its climate
is the moft delightful in the New World,
and is hardly equalled by that of an
region on the face of the earth. Thoug’
bordering on the torrid zone, it never
feels the extremity of heat, being {crecned
on the £ by the Andes, and refrefhed
from, the w by cooling feabreezés. The
temperature of the air is fo mild and
equable, that the Spaniards give it the
preference to that of the fouthern pro-
vinces in their native country. The fer-
tility of the foil correfponds with the be
nignity of the climate, and is wonder-
fully accommodated to European’ pro-
dugtions. The moft valuable of thefe,
corn, wine, and oil, abound in Chili, as
if they had been native in the country.
Here all the fruit, imported fom Europe
attain to full maturity; and the animals
not only ‘multiply, but improve. The
horned cattle aye of larger fize than thofe
of Spain; and its horfes excel in beauty
and {pirit, the famous Andalufian race
from which they {prung. Nature too,
has enriched Chili with valuable mines
of gold, filver, copper, and lead. Yet, in
all this extent of countty there are not above
80,000 white inhabitants, and 240,000
negroes and people of a mixed race.
CHILKA, a lake in the Deccan of Hin.
dooftan, which bounds the five Circars
onthe nN. It lies on the coaft of the ba:
of Bengal, and feems the effeSt of the
breach of the fea over a flat fandy fur-
face, whole elevation was fomething
above the level of the country withia,
It communicates with the fea by a very nar-
row but deep opening, and is fhallowwithin.
It is 40 miles long, and 12 or 15 wide,
with a narrow flip of ground between it
and the fea. It has many inhabited iflands
in it. On the nw it is bounded by a
ridge of mountains, a continuation of
that which extends from the Mahanuddy
to the Godavery River, and fhuts up the
Circars toward the continent. To thofe
who fail at fome diftance from the coaft,
Pe lake has the appearance of a: deep
ay; the flip of land not being vifible.
CHILOE, an ifland of S America, on
the coaft of Chili, 125 miles in length,
and 17 in breadth. ‘The principal town
is Caftro.
CHILTERN, a chain of chalky hills,
CHI CHI
running from £ to w through Bucking, abbé Grofier is of opinion that this ac.
hamthire. ‘They are covered, in various count is by no means exaggerated; and
parts, with woods: and {ome of the emi- he himfelf not only ftates all the calcu-
nences are of confiderable height, and af- lations of Amiot, but gives’a variety of
ford rich profpects, This diftri&t be- reafons, from circumftances almoft pecu-
longs to the crown, which, for time im- liar to China, to account for this won.
memorial, has had an officer under it, derful population in that remote corner of
with the title of Steward of the Chiltern Atia. The climate and foil aré various,
Hundreds. Of this office, as well as as the different provinces are nearer to, or
that of Steward of the manor of Eaft remote from, the s; fevere cold being felt
Hundred in Berks, it is remarkable, that, at Pekin, while the fouthern provinces
although frequently conferred upon mem- are expofed to exceffive heat. Here are
bers of the houfe of commons, it is not feveral large rivers, and where thefe are
productive of either honour or emolu- wanting, there are fine canals. In feveral
ment; being granted, at the requeft of of the provinces, the land yields two
any member of that houfe, merely to crops a year; yet, though the hufband-
enable him to vacate his feat, whenever man cultivates it with {uch care, as not
he may choofe *., by the acceptance of a to lofe the finalleft portion of ground,
nominal office under the crown: and, on China has been often defolated by famine,
this account, it has not unfrequently been Its numerous mountains (which are
granted to three or four different members chiefly in the N and w parts of the em-
in a week. pire) contain mines of iron, tin, copper,
CHiMayY, atown of France, in the de- quickfilver, gold, and filver: but thofe
partment of the North and late province of gold and filver are not permitted to be
of Hainault, feated on the river Blanche, ~wpened; the emperors having always
20 miles ssw of Charleroy. Lon.a1g 8, feared, that if the people thould be ex-
lat. 50 oN. pofed to the temptation of thefe artificial
CHIM2eRA, an ancient townof Turkey riches, they would be induced to neglect
in Europe, in Albania, capital of a ter- the more uleful labours of agriculture,
ritory of the fame name, including a Quarries of marble, coal’ mines,: lapis
chain of mountains, of which one part lazuli, rock cryftals, precious ftones, and
is free, and the other fubjeét to the Turks. a kid of fonorous ftones, of which mu-
It is feated on a rock, at the entrance of fical inftruments are compofed, are abun-
the gulf of Venice, 29 miles n of Corfu. dant in China. They have potter's ear*',
Lon. 20 ? B, lat. 40 8 'N. ' too of fuch varioys and fuperior kinds,
CHiMLNIGH, a town in Devonfhire, that their célébrated fine porcelain wilt
with a market on Wednefday. It is al- -everremain unrivalled. Befide the fruits
moit furrounded by the river Dart; and peculiar to the country, China produces
is 21 miles Nw of Exeter, and 195 w by the greater part of thole of Europe; but
sof London. Lon. ; 53 Wylat. 5057.N. (excepting the grapes and pomégranates)
Cuina, an extenfive empire in Afia, they are much inferior, Oranges, weré
bounded,on the N by Tartary, from which _firft brought us from ‘China. ‘They have
it is feparated by a great wall 500 leagues alfo lemons, citrons, the tfe-tfe, a kind
aniength; on the ee the Yellow Sea and of fig peculiar to China; the li-tchi, of
the Chinefe Ocean; on the s by that the fize of a date, its ftone covered with
ocean and the kingdoms of Tonquin, a foft juicy pulp, of an ‘exquifite tafte,
Laos, and Burmah; and on the w by but dangerous when eaten to excefs; the
Thibet. It lies between 100 and 125° long-yen, or dragon's-eyes, its pulp
lon.'and 20 dnd 41° N lat. It is 2000 white, tart, and juicy, not fo agreeable
“Iniles from N:to’s, and isco from E tow, to the tafte, but more. wholefome than the
and divided into 15 provinces, which con- li-tchi. The Chinefe furpafs us ‘in the
‘tain 4402 walled cities, divided into art of managing kitchengardens, and
claffes, the civil and the military: the have a number of vegetables unknown. to
civil clafs contains 204.5, and that of the us. They cultivate even the bottom, of
military 2357. The civil clafs is again their waters; the beds of their lakes;
divided into three other claffes,. namely, ponds, and rivulets, producing crops un-
the firft clafs, which are called fou; the Poin to us, particularly of the pitfi, or
fecond, called tcbeou; and tue third, water chefnut,.the fruit of which (found /
which are called bien. According to the in a cover formed by its root) is exces
calculations of father Amiot, China con- ingly wholefome, and of a very delice
tains 200,000,000 inhabitants. Aftonifh- tafte. Among the trees peculiar to Cina
ing as-this may appear to Europeans, is the tallow-tree, the fruit of whyh 1s
contained
fpherical
is ripe, @
of the fiz
which h
the wax-
wax alm
the tfi-c
: duces the
tie-ly-m4q
\ which is
in water
thips of
hire-tre
to the
and befi¢
convey
lefs ot
with cq
floweri
dicinal
‘Cited.
abound
but tha
deer, is
‘the md
haps,
é den fo
‘nefe is
large
djarge ¢
ant the
fone
ynen ai
are rei
men €
appeal
abroa
and lc
Learn
ner
The ,
ror
P flor
milli
Jook:s
and |
affeé
and
CHI CHI
contained in a hufk, divided into three laws which regulate the civilities and ce.
fpherical fegments, which open when it remonious falutations they pay to each
is ripe, and difcover three white grains other, for which reafon they always ap.
of the fize of a {mall walnut, the pulp of pear to be extremely goodnatured; ond
which has all the properties of tallow; yct they are as decejtiui as any people in
the wax-tree, producing a kind of white the world. ‘Their writing is ey pe
wax almoft equal to that made by bees; cular; for every letter is a word, and con-
the tfi-chu, or varnifh-trec, which pro- fequently they have as many letters, or
rs , duces the admirable Chinefe varnifh; the characters, as words in their language.
rest tie-ly-mou, or “iron wood, the wood of All their towns are fo much alike, that
wht which is fo hard and heavy, that it finks thofe who know one, are acquainted with
aa, in water, and the anchors of the Chinefe all. Pekin is the capital.
a a fhips of war are made of it; the cam- | CHINCA, a feaport of Peru, feated on a
ral phire-tree ; the bamboo-reeds, which grow river, ina valley of its own name, go miles
oe to the height and: fize of a large tree, sof Lima. Lon. 76 15 w, lat. 13 10 8,
en and befide being ufed as natural pipes to = CHINON, an ancient town of France,
Mi convey water, are employed for number- in the department of Indre and Loire and
2 lefs other purpofes; the tea-plant, &c; lave province of Touraine, with a caftle,
= with cotton, Betel, and tobacco: the in which Henry 1, king of Eqgiond eX
wi flowering fhrubs, flowers, herbs, and me- pired; and here the celebrated Joan of
hoa dicinal plants are too numerous to be re- Are ‘r(t prefented herfelf, in a military
vd ‘cited. The mountains and vaft forefts habit, betore Charles vis. Chinon is
be abound with wild.animals of every {pecies; the birthplace of Rabelais and of Quillet,
, but that valuable quadruped, the mufk- It is feated on the Vienne, 10 miles N of
ys deer, is peculiar to it. Of their birds, Richelieu, and 150 sw of Paris. Lon,
ial ‘the moft beautiful in China, and, per- © 22 Ey lat. 47 12 N.
Le haps, in the world,.is the kin-hi, or gol- | CHINsURA, a town of. Hindooftan
den fowl. The complexion of the Chi- Proper, in Bengal. It is a fettlement of
7 ‘nefe is a fort of tawny, and they have the Dutch, and is feated on the river
* large foreheads, {mall eyes, short nofes, Hoogly, nearly midway hetween Chan-
q darge ears, long beagds,. and black hair; dernagore, and the old town of Hoogly.
- 4 thofe are thought to be the moft hand- It contains feveral good houfes, and a
ry fome who are the moft bulky. The wo- church, with a little mole projecting into
at men affect a great deal of modefty, and the river. It was taken by the Englith
ny ‘are remarkable for their little feet.” The in 1795.
men endeavour to, make as pompous an Cuiny, a town of the Netherlands,
: appearance as pofible, when they go capital of a county of the fame name, in
Ss abroad; and*yet,taeir houfes are mean -Auftrian Luxemburg, 57 miles w of.
3 and low, confifting only of a ground floor. Luxemburg. Lon. 5 378, lat. 49 4.5N-
) Learning, with the arts and fciences in | CHIOURLIC, an ancient town of Ro-
. general, is much cultivated inthis country. mania, with the fee of a Greek bithop;
j The government is abfolute, and the em- {cated on a river of the fame name, 47
€ peror has a privilege of naming his fuc- miles w:of Conftantinople: ‘Lon. 27 57
q ceffor ; but the chief mandarin has per- £, lat. 41 8N. *
miffion to tell him of his faults. He | CH10zz0, a town and ifland of. Italy,
: Jooks upon his fubjeéts as his children, in the territory of Venice, witha bifhop’s
and profeffes to govern them with paternal fee, and a harbour, defended k y a fort.
affection. Their empire is very ancient, It is18 miles s of Venice. Lon. 12 9 £y
and they pretend that it exifted many lat. 4517 N. ,
thoufafd years before Noah’s flood; it is CHIPPENHAM, a borough in Wilts,
generally allowed to have continued 4000 with a market on Saturday. It fends two
years. The annual revenues of the crown meinbers to parliament; and is feated
are computed at’ 21,000,000l. fterling, on the Avon, over which is a {tone bridge
and the forces are faid to confift of of 16 arches,21 miles E of Briftol, and 94
5,000,000 of men.in time of peace; but w of London. ‘Lon. 2 8 w,lat. 51 27 N.
they have no enemies to cope with. Their | Cuirk,avillage.s. of Wrexham, in Den-
J religion is paganifm. They allow:poly- bighthire. It had formerly two caftles,
my,-and keep their wives pretty clofe. onthe top of a hill, one of which feems
Ihe Chinefe pretend to havea great vene- to have been a magnificent ftructure.
ration tor their anceftors; and fome keep CHISLEHURST, a Village in Kent, near
images of them in their houfes, to which Bromley. Here is Camden Pisce, the
they pay a fort of adoratiog, They have ancicnt feat of earl Camden, and the refi-
=
TAX
=
ee
CifoO CHR
dence of the celebrated antiquary of that name, on the Mertch, 25 miles F of Sez
name, who died here. Chiflehurft is gedin.’ Lon. 21 4 8, lat. 46 20 N.
alfo the birthplace of fir Nicholas Bacon CHORGES, a town of France, in tlie
and fir Francis Walfingham. It is 11 department of the Upper Alps and late
miles sx of London, province of Dauphiny, burnt by the duke
CursMme, 2 feaport of Natolia, on the of Savoy in 1692. It is 10 miles & of
ftrait that parts the continent from the Gap. \ Lon. 6 23 £, lat. 44 35 .N.
ifle of Scio. It was anciently called Cyf- CHorRLEY, a town in Larcahire, with
fus, was celebrated for the great vittory a market on Tuefday. ‘It is feated near
which the Romans gained here over the the fource of a-rivulet called Chor, nof
fleet of Antiochus, in 191 B.C. and has far from the river Yarrow, fix miles ssz
been diftinguifhed by the deftruétion of ef Prefton, and 205 Nw of London.
the Turkith fleet by the Ruffiansin1770. Lon. 2 45 wy lat. 53 38 N.
Cuiswick, a village in Middlefex, on CHOWLE, a town on the ‘coaft of
the Thames. Here is Chifwick Houfe, Malabar, with a harbour for {mall veflels,
a celebrated villa of the duke of Devon- which is, fortified. It belongs to Por-
thire, built by the earl of Burlington, after tugal, and was fornierly noted for its
adefign of Palladio. Inthe churchyard fine embroidercd quilts. It is 15 miles
3s 2 monument to Hogarth, with an epi- s of Bombay. Lon. 72 45 E, lat. 18
taph by Garrick. It is five miles w by 42 N.
s of London. CHREMNITZ, the chief mine town in
Cu1TRO, a town of Macedonia, on Upper Hungary, 90 miles ne of Prei-
the bay of Salonichi. It is the place burg. Lon. 19 27 £, lat.48 59 N.
where the mother, wife, and fon of Alex- CurisTCHURCH, a boroughin Hamp-
‘ander were murdered by Caffander; and fhire, with a market on Monday. It is
where Perfeus was deteated by the Ro- ‘governed by a mayor, fends two mem-
mans. Lon. 22 358, lat.40 20N. ‘bers to parliament, and is feated at the
CHITTEDROOG, a'town of the penin- confluence of the Avon and Stour, 98
fula of Hindooftan, in Myfore, 117 miles miles sw of London, Lon. 1 46 w,
® by w of Seringapatam. Lon.76 15 £, ‘lat. 50 45°N.
‘lat.14. 5. ; | ' “CHRISTIANIA, ‘a city of Southern
Cuivas, a town of Piedmont, which Norway, in the government of Agger-
has been feveral times taken and retaken. huys, firvatt at the extremity of a fertile
It is fo advantageoufly fituate near the valley, forming a femicircular bend along
river Po, that it is called the key of the fhore of the beautiful bay of Biorn-
Italy. Itis r2milesnEof Turin. Lon. ‘ing, which forms the N extremity of
747 E, lat. 4513 Ne : the gulf of Chriftiania. It is divided into
Curusti, an epifcopal townof Tufcany, ‘the city; the fuburbs df Waterlandt,
poorly peopled, on account of its:un- Peterwigen, and Fierdingen; the fortress
wholefome air. It is 35 miles se of of Aggerhuys; and the old town of Opf-
Sienna. Lon. 10 52 £, lat. 43 0N. loe or Anfloe. The inhabitants amount
CHIVTAYE, a town of Turkey in Afia, to about gooo.. The city was rebuilt in
capital.of Natolia Proper, and the refi- its prefent fituation by Chriftian iv, after
dence of the grand fignior before the a plan defigned by himielf! ‘The ftreets
taking of Conftantinople. It is feated on are carried in a {traight line, and at right
the river Ayala, 75 miles £ of Burfa. angles to eaeh other, are ‘uniformly go
Lon. 30 4.78, lat. 39 30 Ne feet broad, and very neat and clean. “The
Cuoczi™,a town of Moldavia, on the cattle of Aggerhuys is built on a recky
Dniefter. It was taken by the Poles, in eminence on the w fide of the bay, at a
1670, after they had totally defeated the {mall diftance from the city. The go-
Turkith army, before its walls. It was vernor is the chief governor of Norway,
taken by the Ruffians and Auftrians i- and prefides ix: the high court of juftice.
1788, but reitored to the Turks at the Opfloe was the fite of the old city, burnt
fubiequent peace. It is 110 miles NW of in 1624: it contains the epifcopal palace.
Jaffy. Lon. 26 25 w, lat. 48 46 N. Chriftiania has an eXceilent harbour, and
CHOLET, a town of France, inthe de- carries on a confiderable trade. Its primi-
partment of Maine and Loire, and late cipal exports are tar; foap, iron, copper,
province of Anjou, witha caftle,170 miles planks, deals, and alum. ‘The planks
sw of Paris. Lon. o 45 Wy lat. 47 and deals are of fuperior eftimation to
10 N. thofe fent from America, or from Ruffia
CHONAT, an epiicopal town of Hun- and the other parts of the Baltic. It
gary, capital ef a county of the fame has 136 privileged’ fawmills, of which
3a0 belo
of Anke
the open
penhage
CHRIS
Sweden,
Bleking
{croon.
CuHRI
on the
the Da:
CuR
in the
houles 4
coed
refort t
tar. ‘J
et clotl
feated
river H
at Ah
and is
{even 1
ftrongd
miles
E, ‘lat
ferenc
freth
turtle
Cr
CHU
100 belong to a fingle family of the name
of Anker. Chriftiania is 30 miles trom
the open fea, and 290 N by w cf Co-
penhagen. Lon. ro 50 £, lat. 59 6 N.
CHRISTIANOPLE, a {trong feaport of
Sweden, on the Baltic, and capital cf
Blekingen. It is 13 miles nz of Carle-
{croon. Lon. 15 47 E, lat. 56 26 N.
CHRISTIANBURG, a fort of Africa,
on the Gold Coaft of Guinea, fubject to
the Danes. Lon. 1 55 £, lat. 4 10 N.
CHRISTIANSTADT, a town ot Sweden,
in the territory of Blekingen. The
houfes are all of brick, and moftly ftuc-
coed. white. Englifh veficls annvaily
refort to this port, for alum, pitch, and
tar. The inhabitants have manufactures
et cloth and filken ftuffs. ‘The town is
feated in a marfhy plain, clofe to the
river Helge-a, which flows into the Baltic
at Ahus, about the diftance of 20 miles,
and is navigable only for fimall crait of
feven tons burden. It is efteemed the
ftrongeft fortrels in Sweden, and is 50
miles Nz of Copenhagen. Lon. 14 10
E,‘lat. 56 25 N.
CurisTina, Sr. one of the iflands
in the S Pacitic Ocean, called the Mar-
quefas. Lon. 139 9 w, lat. 9 56s.
CHRISTMAS ISLAND, an ifland intheN
Pacific Ocean, fo named by captain Cook,
on account of his: firft landing there on
Chriftmas-day. Itis 45 miles in circum-
ference, uninhabited, and deftitute of
freth water; but has abundance of fine
turtle. Lon. 157 30 w, lat. 1 59 N.
CHRISTMAS SOUND, 2 found. of S
America, in Terra’ del Fuego. Lon, 70
2 W, lat. §5 21 Ss.
CirisTOPHER, ST. or ST. KirT’s,
one of the Leeward Iflands in the W
Indies, 60 miles w of Antigua. It was
formerly inhabited by the French and
Fugiith ; but, in 1713, it was ceded to the
latter. It is zo miles in breadth, and ieven
in Iencth, and has high mountains in the
middle, vw’ -nce rivulets flow, which are
of great ufc to the inhabitants. Between
the mountains are dreadful rocks, horrid
precipices, and thick woods; and in the
SW parts, 1ot fulphurous fprings at the
foct of them. The air is good, the foil
light, fandy, and fruitful; but it is fubject
to hurricanes. The produce is chiefly
fugar, cotton, ginger, indigo, and the
tropical fruits. It was taken by the
French in 1782, but reftored the next
year. Bafleterre is the capital.
CHUDLEIGH, a town in Devonthire,
with a market on Saturday; feated near
the river Teigne, njne miles sw of
Cire
Exeter, and 185 w by s of London.
Lon. 3 39 W, lat. 50 38 N.
Cuunar, a fort of Hindcoftan Pro-
per, in Allahabad. It is feated on the
Ganges, 20 miles above Benares, and
is built on a rock, fortified all round by
a wall and towers. At the end, over-
looking the river, is the citadel, which is
faid to be ef. the higheft antiquity, and
originally built by the Hindoos. In the,
cicadel is an altar, confilting of a plain
black marble flab, on which the tutelary
deity of the place is traditionally fup-
poled to be feated at all times, except
from funrife till nine in the morning,
when he is at Benares; during which
time, from the fuperftition of the Hin-
doos, attacks may hs made with a prof-
pect of fuccefs. Chunar was unfucce(stully
attempted by the Englifhin 1764: the next
year, it was furrendecred to them: they
reftored it to the nabob of Oude at the
fubfequent peace; but, in 1772, it was
finally ceded to them in exchange for
Allahabad. At this place is kept the
magazine of ammunition and artillery for
the brigade at Cawnpore. It is 385
miles Nw of Calcutta. Lon. 83 50 £,
lat. 25 10 N.
CHUNAUB, or JENAUB, 4a river of
Hindooftan Proper, one of the five eaftern
branches of the Indus. It runs through
Cathmere and Lahore, between the Che-
lum and the Rauvee. It is united with
both thefe rivers at fome diftance above
Moultan; and, at their confluence with
the Indus, 20 miles‘w of Moultan, they
form a ftream as large as that river. The
Chunaub is the Acefines of Alexander.
CHUN-TE-FOU, a city of China, in
the province of Pe-tcheli, with nine
populous cities of the third rank under
its jurifdiction.
CHURCH-STRETTON, a town of Surop-
fhire, with a market on Thurfday, 14
miles s of Shrewibury, and 153 ww
of London. Lon. 2 46 w, lat. 52 32 N.
CHURCHILL Fort, a fort on Church-
hill river, on the g fide of Hucion’s Bay.
Lon. 94.3 w, lat. 58 48 N.
Cuusan, an ifland on the £ coaft of
China, where the Englifh E India Com-
pany had once a factory. Lon. 124.0 £,
lat. 30 ON.
Crampa, a kingdom of Afia, bounded
on the g and s by the Indian Ocean, on
the n by Cochin-China, and on the w
by Cambodia.
CicLut, or CrcLuGn, a froniier town
of Dalmatia, on a rocky hill on the w
bank of the Narentha, It was taken
from the Turks, by the- Venetians, in
3694. Lon. 18 22 £, lat. 43 29 N.
CILLEY, an ancient town of Germany,
in Upper Carniola. It is the capital of
a county of the fame name, and feated on
the Saan, 36 miles Nz of Laubach. Lon.
35 15 E, lat. 46 31 Ne
CimBRISHAM, a feaport,of Sweden,
in Schonen. Lon. 13 30 E, i. 56 40 N.
CiINALOA, a province and town of
New Spain, in the audience of Galicia,
en the £ fide of the gulf of Calitcrnia.
The aborigines in this province have
neither laws nor kings to punifh any
crime. They acknowledge, indeed, cer-
tain caciques, who are the heads of their
families or villages; but their authority
appears chiefly in their expeditions againtt
their enemies, and depends not on here-
ditary right, but on their valour, and
the power and number of their con-
nexions. In other refpects, they feem
to be among the rudeft people in Ame-
rica united in the focial ftate: they
neither cultivate nor fow, but depend
on the f{pontaneous produétions of the
earth, or on hunting or fifhing. The
have not the leaft knowledge of God,
nor any idea even of a falie deity: a
future ftate, and all religious worthip,
are, in courfe, unknown to them. About
the year 1771, the Spaniards, in ‘their
editions againft the fierce tribes in
this and the province of Sonora (who
had committed great depredations upon
them, and whom they finally fubdued)
difcovered, that thefe neglected and
thinly inbabited provinces, abounded in
the richeft gold mines, and might foon
become as populous and valuable as any
part of Spanifh America; and, accord-
ingly, the population in thefe parts has
fince very much increafed. The town is
feated on a river of the fame name.
Lon. 92 10 W, lat. 26 15 N.
CINEGUILLA, a town of New Mexico,
in the province of Sonora. When the
Spaniards attacked the natives in Cinaloa
and Sonora (See CinaLoa) they here
entered a plain of 14 leagues in extent,
in which, at the depth of only 16 inches,
they found gold in great abundance, and
in grains of great fize and weight. The
confequence was, that in 1771, above
2000 perfons were fettled in Cineguilla,
under the government and infpection of
proper magiftrates and ecclefiaftics. Lon.
96 23 W, lat. 35 5 N.
CriNeEy, a town of the Netherlands, in
the archbifhopric of Liege, eight miles
Rk of Dinant. Lon. 4 57 £, lat. 50
13 N,
Cinque Ports, certain ports on the
coait of Kent and Suffex, {0 called on
account of their being five in number,
when their firft charter was granted by
William 1, in 1077. Thefe were Dover,
Haftings, Hythe, Romney, and Sand-
wich; to which were afterward added
Winchelfea, Seaford, and Rye. That
king appointed a conftable of Dover
Caftle (who is now called Lord Warden
of the Cjnque Ports) and invefted him
with the command of thefe ports, whofe
inhabitants had confiderable privileges,
fuch as freedom from fubfidies, from
wardfhip of their children, from being
fued in any court but their own, &c.
For thefe immunities, they were obliged
to ‘upply the government with 57 thips,
at 40 days notice, and to pay their
crews during 15 days. At that period,
the opulent traders of London were ftyled
barons ; a privilege, which was enjoyed
likewife by the merchants of thefe ports,
whofe reprefentatives, to this day, are
ftyled Barons of the Cinque Ports.
CINTRA, a cape of Portugal, in Eftra-
madura, called the Rock of Lifbon, on the
N fide of the entrance of the Tajo. On
it is a town of the fame name, 14 miles
w of Lifbon. Lon. 9 30 wy lat. 38
46 N.
Ciorat, a feaport of France, in the
department of the Mouths of the Rhone
and late province of Provence, defended
by a ftrong fort. It is famous for Muf-
cadine wine, and is feated on the bay of
Laquee, between Marfeilles and Toulon,
Lon. 5 46 E, lat«4312N.
Circars, NORTHERN, five provinces
on the w coait of the bay of Bengal.
They were originally denominated North-
ern from their pofition in refpet to
Madras, on which they depend. Of
thefe Circars, Guntoor belongs to the
nizam of the Deccan; and Condapilly,
Elfore, Rajamundry, and Cicacole are in
the poffeffion of the Englifh. The laf
~four extend from the N bank of the
Kiftna to Chilka Lake; forming a nar-
row flip of country 350 miles long, and
from 26 to 75 broad, bounded by moun-
tains and extenfive forefts on- the fide
oppofite the fea. ‘The Englith Cirears
had been ceded to the French, by the
nizam of the Deccan, in 1753; but
they were conquered by colonel Clive in
1759, and produce an annual revenue of
360,0001. See GuNTOOR.
CiRCASSIA, one of the feven Caucafian
nations, between the Black Sea and the
Cafpian; bounded by ‘the governments
of ‘Yaurica and Caucafus on the Nn, and
by Min
being {¢
river Cu
Great C
Temirg
and Bfl
of terri
degrees
extraord
might b
united
mounta
and are
on the
water 4
origin,
tribes.
the Cir
wert
Rufhia
Cuban
founde
neighb
en
eople
fis fu
- neighb
their
thele,
reft.
name}
dens ;
tain n
each
the el
of the
tathe!
Princ
hee
flave:
EE ee wey Qe
SS
CIR CIR
by Mingrelia and Georgia on the s, feizing the whole property of their vaffalss
icing foavated from Taurica by the but, ., the a anal the vaffal has a
river Cuban. It contains the diftriéts of right te transfer his allegiance toany other
Great Cabarda, Litile Cabarda, Beflen, prince, whenever he thinks himfelf ag~
Temirgoi, Abafech, Bfeduch, Hatukai, grieved: by this privilege, the princes are
and Bfhani. This nation, from extent compelled to gain the affe@ions of their
of territory, which includes nearly ro vaffals, on whofe readinefs to follow them
degrees of longitude; and, from their into the field, all their hopes of greatnefs
extraordinary courage and military genius, and wealth mutt abfolutely depend. The
might become very formidable, were they Circaffians do not appear to have ever had
united under one chief. But a nation of any written laws, but are governed by a
mountaineers, who fubfift by raifing cattle, kind of common law, or collection of an-
and are therefore forced to fix themfelves cient ufages. On great occafions the whote
on the banks of rivers, for the fake of nation is aflembled: a meaiure is pre-
water and pafturage, foon forget their pofed by the oldeft of the princes; it is
origin, and divide into feparate and hoftile _firit debated among the ufdens, and after.
tribes. From this principle of difunion, ward by the deputies of the people; who
the Circaffians of the Cuban are fo little are old men, and often poffefs greater
powerful, as to be {carcely known even to influence than the prince himfelf: if the
Ruffians, but by the general appellation of propotition be accepted it is confirmed by
Cuban Tartars, in which they are con- a folemn oath by the whole people. They
founded with theAbkhas and Nogays,their have few manufactures; and their agri-
neighbours.. The Cabardian Circaffians, culture produces barely fufficient for
however, are Mill the moft powerful their own fubfiftence. Sheep and horfes
people of the 8 fide of Caucafus; and are the principal articles of their com-
this fuperiority has introduced among their merce, particularly the latter, which fell
‘neighbours fuch a general imitation of ata high price; but the balance of trade
their manners, that, trom a defcription of would be confiderably againtt them, were
thefe, an idea may be formed of all the it not! for the flaves which they make in
ret. They are divided into three clalles; their predatory excurfions. At the birth
nainely, the princes; the nobles, called uf- of a prince, fome ufden, or fometimes
dens; and the vaffals or people. A cer- a prince of another family, is choien by
tain number of the people is allotted to the father as his tuture preceptor. At
each princely family. Ineach of thefe, a year old he is prefented with fome
the eldeft individual is confidered as chief playthings and arms: if he feems to pre-
of the family, and as judge, proteétor, and fer the latter, the event is celebrated in
father of all the vaflals attached to it. No the family by great rejoicings. At twelve
prince can be a landholder; he has no years of age, lie leaves his father’s houte
other property than his arms, horles, for that of his preceptor: by him he is
flaves, and the tribute he may be able to taught to ride, to ufe arms, and to fteal,
extort trom the neighbouring nations. and conceal his thefts. The word thief’
The perfon of every prince is facred; but is aterm of the utmoft reproach among
this is the only diftin&tion of birth them, becaufe it implies dete&tion, He
when unaccompanied by perfonal merit: - is afterward led to more dangerous rob-
the greateft honour a prince can acquire beries, and does not return to his father’s
is that of being the firft of the nation to houfe, until his cunning, addrefs, and
charge the enemy. The princes are not ftrength, are fuppofed to be perfect.
to be diftinguifhed in time of peace from The preceptor is recompenfed by nine
the nobles, or even from the peafants; tenths of the booty made by his pupil
their food and drefs are the fame, andtheir while under his tuition. ‘This mode of
houfes are little better. The nobles are education is perfevered in, witha view
chofen by the princes from the inferior to prevent the bad effects of . paternal
clais: they are the officers of the prince, indulgence; and is fuppofed to be pe-
and the executors of the laws, and are culiar to the Circaffians: but the object
employed in the general affemblies of the of education is the fame among all the
nation to gain the affent of the people to mountaineers of Caucafus, who univer-
the meafures propofed by the princes. fally fubfift by robbery. Girls are
The people, as well as the ufdens, are brought up by the mother: they learn to
proprietors of landsy, By an odd kind of embroider, to make their own drefs, and
contradiction, the princes claim, andfome~ that of their future hufbands. The
times attempt to exercife the right of daughters of flaves receive the fame
6 | ‘
ower
oon ee re Per
pee, a “2
en ES,
Te pe an ae
Se are
My
3
i
of
i
Bn nee
a TH a !
Ce BY x
CIR
education, and are fold according to their
beauty, from 20 to rool. ‘Thefe are prin-
py one Georgians. Soon after the birth
of a girl, a wide leather belt is fewed
round herwaift, and continues till it burfts,
when it is replaced by a fecond. By a re-
petition of this praétice, their waifts are
rendered aftonithingiy fmall, but their
fhoulders become proportionably broad ; a
defect, which is little attended to, on ac-
count of the beauty of their breafts. On
the wedding night, the belt is cut witha
dagger by the hufband; a cuftom fome-
times productive of fatal accidents. The
bridegroom pays for his bride a marriage-
prefent, confifting of arms or a coat of
mail, buc he muft not fee her, or cohabit
with her, without. the greateft myttery ;
and this referve continues during life.
The father makes the bride a prefent
on the wedding day, but referves the
greater part of what he intends to give her
tilkthe birth of her firft child. On this
occafion fhe pays him a vifit, receives from
him the remainder of her portion, and is
elothed by him in the drefs of a matron,
the principal diftin&tion of which coniitts
inaveil. Until this time, the drefs of
the women is much like that of the men,
excepting that the cloak is longer, and fre-
quently white, a colour never worn by
men: the cap too is generally red, or
rofe-coloured. Before marriage, the youth
of both fexes fee each other freely at the
little rejoicings which take place on felti-
vals. Betore the ball, the young men
fhow their activity and addres in a variety
of military exercifes, and the moft alert
have the privilege of choofing the moit -
beautiful partners. Their muiical inftru-
ments are a long flute with. only three
ftops, « {pecies of mandoline, and a tam-
bourin. ‘Their dances are.in the Afiatic
ftyle, with little gayety or expreflion; the
fteps difficult, but not graceful. ‘The wo-
men participate in the general charatter
of the nation: they take pride in the
courage of their hufbands, and reproach
them jeverely when defeated. ‘They po-
lifh and take care of the armour of the
men. Widows tear their hair, and dif-
figure themielves with fears, in teftimony
ot their grief. The men had formerly
the fame cuftom, but are now grown more
tranguil under the lofs of their wives and
relations. ‘Yhe habitation of a Circaffian
is compoted of two huts, becaufe the wife
and hufband are not fuppofed to live to-
gether. One of thefe huts is allotted to
the hufband, and to the reception of
ftrangers; the other to the wife and fa-
- milys the court which feparates them is
+
CIT
furrcunded by palifades. At meals the
whole family is affémbled; fo that here,
as among the Tartars, each village is
reckoned at a certain number of kettles.
Their food is extremely fimple, confifting
only of a little meat, fome pafte made of
millet, and a kind of beer, composed of
the fame grain fermented. Whatever may
have been the original religion of this
people, they have been fucceffively con-
verted to Chriftianity and Mahometani{m,
and have now no religion or worthip
among them. They break, without
fcruple, fuch oaths as they have taken on
the bible and the koran; but there are
certain forms of oaths, and certain places
in the neighbourhood of their ruins ({up-
pofed to be remains of Chriftian churches)
which infure their fidelity. Their cou-
rage, great as it is, is not proof againft re-
ligious terrors. Like all barbarians, they
believe that what is called accident, may -
be influenced by particular ceremonies.
The Circaffians have not any letters of
their own; thofe ameng them who wifh
to write their language being obliged to
make ufe of Arabian charaéters.
CIRENCESTER, a confiderable borough
in Glouceiterfhire, with a market ont
Monday and Friday. It is {eated on the
river Churn, and was a place of great ac-
count in the time of the Romans. The
ruins of the walls are yet vifible; and it
had alfo a caftle and an abbey. Many
Roman antiquities have been difcovered ;
and here the Roman roads croffed each
other. It is one of the greatefi marts in
England for wool, fends two members to
pail aniait: and is 18 miles se of Glou-
cefter, and $9 w os London. Lon. 1
58 w, lat. 51 43 N.
CireNza, a town of Naples, capital
of Bafilicata, with a bifhop’s tee. It is
feated on the river Branduno, at the foot
the Appennines, 97 miles E of Naples.
Lon. 16 x0 £, lat. 40 44 N.
CirTADELLO, a feaport and capital of
Minorca, on the w fide of that ifland.
Lon. 3 44. E, lat. 49 54. N.
Cirra-p1i-CasTELLO, a populous
city of Italy, capital of a county of the
fame name, in Umbria, with a bifhop’s
fee. It is teated on the Tiber, 27 miles
sw of Urbino. Lon. 12 18 zg, lat. 43
32.N. ,
Cirta-Nuova, a city of Italy, in
the marquifate of Ancona, containing
16 churches and convents within its
walls, and 15 without. It is feated om
the gulf of Venice, 10 miles s of Lo-
retto. Lon. 13 40 £, lat. 43 16 N.
CittTa-Nvuovay, a feaport of Vencthn
Kftria, w
Venice.
CiupD
pital of
noted fo
is two 1
s of Mz
Ciup
in Leon
the rive
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the Nati
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Civi
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bifhop’s
miles N
lat. 42
Civ
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rock, at
falls int
Rome,
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in the
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CLA
Iftria, with a bifhop’s fee, 60 miles E of
Venice. Lon. 14 2 £, lat. 45 36 WN.
C1uDAD-REAL, a town of Spain, ca-
pital of Mancha. ‘Ihe inhabitants are
noted for dreffing leather for gloves. It
is two miles from the Guadiana, and 90
s of Madrid. Lon, 3 25 W, lat. 38 53 N.
Ciupap-RopriGo, a town of Spain,
in Leon, with a bifhop’s fee, feated on
the river Aquada, go miles sw of Sala-
manca. Lon, § 53 W, lat. 40 33 N.
CIVITA-DI-FRIULI, an ancient town
of Italy, in Venetian Friuli, feated on
the Natifona, 10 miles g of Udena. Lon.
13,15 E, lat. 46 12 N.
CivITA-DI-PENNA, an ancient town
of Naples, in Abruzzo Ulteriore, with a
bifhop’s fee, near the river Salino, 35
miles Né of Aquila, Lon. 14 52 EB,
lat. 42 27 N. |
Civita-CASTELLANA, a town of
Italy, in Campagna di Roma, on a high
rock, at the toot of whichis a river, which
falls into the Tiber. It is 25 miles Nn of
Rome, Lon. 12 35 £, lat. 42 25 N.
CrviTa-VECCHIA, a feaport of Italy,
in the patrimony of St. Peter, with an
arfenal. Here the pope’s gallies are
ftationed, and it is a free port; but the
air is unwholefome. It is 35 miles Nw
of Rome. Lon. 11 51 &, lat. 42 5 Ne
CLACKMANNAN, a borough in Clack-
mannanfhire, on the n fhoreé of the frith
of Forth, and at the bottam of a hill,
on the tap of which is an ancient cattle.
A large iquare tower in this caftle derives
its name from the illuftrious Robert
Bruce, whofe great {word and cafque
are here preferved. A large {ward is
alfo fhown, faid to have belonged. to fir
John Graham, the faithful attendant of
the heroic Wallace. It is 23 miles n by
E of Glafgow. Lon. 3 40 Ws lat. 96
SN.
CLACKMANNANSHIRE, a county of
Scotland, bounded on the £ by Fifethire,
on the n and w by Perththire, and on
the s by the Forth. It.is eight miles in
length, and five in breadth; and produces
good. corn and pafture, and plenty of coal
and falt. This thire, with. Kinrofs, fends
ene member to parliament.
CLAGENFURT, a town of Germany,
capital of Carinthia, 50 miles sw of
Vienna. Lon. 14.20 £, lat. 46 53 N.
Crain, St. a lake of N America,
half way between the lakes Huron and
Erie, go miles in circumference. It
receives the waters of the great lakes Su-
perior, Michigan, and Huron, and dif-
charges them, through the ftrait called
Detroit, into the lake Eric,
CLA
CrLamEct, a town of France, in thede.
partment of Nievre and late province of
Nivernojs, Before the late revolution, the
chapel of an hofpital in the fuburb was
the provifion tor the bifhopric of Beth~
lehem, founded in 1180, when Guy count
of Nevers, gave an afylum, in this place,
to a Latin bithop of Bethlehem, who had
been driven from the Hoty Land by the
Saracens. Clameci is feated at the con-
fluence of the Beuvron and Yonne, 112
miles s by E of Paris. Lon. 3 46 E; lat.
47 28 N.
CLAPHAM, a village in Surry, noted
for many handfome villas, which chiefly
furround a beautiful common. In the
old parith church, divine fervice ie per-
formed at funerals only; an elegant new
church having been erected on the com-
mon, but without an adjoining cemetery.
Clapham is three miles ssw of London.
CLARA, Str. a {mall ifland of S Ame-
rica, in Peru, in the bay of Guiaquil, 70
miles sw of Guiaquil, Lon. 82 20 Wy
Jat. 220s.
Crare, ST. a fmall ifland, or rather
rock, one of the Canaries, between Lan-
cerota and Allegranza.
CLARE, a town of Suffolk, with a
market on Monday. The ruins of a
caltle and of a collegiate church are ftill
vifibles and here is a manufaéture of
bays. It is feated near the Stour, 15
miles. s of St. Edmund's Bury, and 56
NE of London. Lon. 0 36 &, lat. 52 12 Ne
CLARE, a county of Ireland, in the pro-
vince of Munfter,, §5 miles in length, and.
38 in breadth; bounded on the £ and s
by the Shannen, which feparates it from
Tipperary, Limerick, and Kerry; on the
WwW by the Atlantic, and on the n by
Galway. It contains two market-towns
and 76 parifhes, and fends four members
to parliament,
CLARE, a town of Ireland, capital of 2
county of the fame name, 17 miles Nw
of Limerick, Lon. 8 46 W, lat. 52 52 Ne
CLARENDON, a village, three miles &
of Salifbury, where Henry 1 fummoned.
a council of the barons and prelates, in
1164, who enaéted the laws, called the
Conititutions of Clarendon; and here
were two palaces built by king John.
CLARENS, or CHATILLARDy a vil
lage of Swifferland, in the Pays de Vaud,
celebrated as the principal {cene of Rouf-
feau's Eloife, though its ancient caftle by
no means accords with the de{cription in
that work. It is delightfully fituacc,
not far from Vevay, on an eminencey whofe
declivity flopes gradually toward the lake
of Geneva, x
CLE
' Chaupe, Sr. a handfome city of
France, in the department of Jura and
late province of Franche Comté, with a
bithop’s fee. It is feated between three
high mountains, on the river Lifon, and
owes its origin toacelebrated abbey, built
in 425, inthis then barren and uninka-
bited country. This abbey had the pious
privilege of legitimating baftards, and
could confer nobility and pardon criminals,
till the year 174.2, when it was erected into
a bithopric,and its Benedi&tine monks were
metamorphofed into noble canons. The
cathedral is extremely elegant. Great aum-
‘bers of pilgrims have flocked hither, to vi-
fit the remiajns of the body of St. Claude,
which they pretend are yet uncorrupted.
From Mount St. Claude, which ferms part
of Mount ‘Jura, is a fine profpect over
-Swiflerland and Savoy, the lake and town
of Geneva, and the Pays de Vaud. In
this city are many public fountains with
large bafins. It is 35 miles NW of
Geneva. : Lon. 6 18 £, lat. 46 24.N.
CLAUSENBURG, a town of Tranfyl-
vania, ‘on the river Sainos, 60 miles Nw
of Hermanftadt. On one of the gates is
an infcription in honour of the emperor
Trajan. Lon. 23:20 £, lat. 46 53 N.
CLAY, atown in Norfolk, feated on
an arm of the fea, between two rivers,
20 miles Nw of Norwich. Here are
fome large-falt-works.
Crear, CAP&, a promontory of a
little ifland on the s of Ireland. Lon.
1115 W, lat. 51 18 N.
CLEBURY, a town in Shropfhire, with
a market on Thurfday, feated on the
river Rea, 28 miles sse of Shrewfbury,
and 136. Nw of London. Lon. 2 23 w,
lat. 52 a1:N.
CLERAC, or CLAIRAC, a town of
France, in the department of Lot and Ga-
ronne and late province of Guienne,
feated on. the river Lot, 10 miles NW of
Agen. - Lon. o 25 F, lat. 44 20 N.
CLERMONT, ‘a town of France, in the
department of Meufe and late territory of
Barrois, 127 miles Nw ot Paris. Lon.
$9 E, lat. 49 34 N.
. CLERMONT, a town of France, in the
department of Oiie and late province of
the Ifle of France, 37 miles N of Paris.
Lon,2 25 £y lat. 49 25 N. .
oCLERMONT, 4 confiderable city of
France, in the department of Puy de
Doine and late province of Auvergne,
with a bifhop’s fee. It is féated on an
eypinente, and is alfo called CLERMONT
FERRANS, ever fince the town of Mount
Ferrand, about a mile diltant to the Nz was
united under the name of a fuburb. The
CLI
eathedral, public fquares, and walks, are
very fine ; But the ftreets are narrow, and
lined with houfes built of ftones of a
fombre hue. Many Roman antiquities
are found in the neighbourhood. There
are alfo fome mineral fprings; and that
of the fuburb St. Allyre has formed a
natural bridge over the brook into which
it falls: it is called the Mineral Bridge,
aad carriages may pafs over it. Cler-
mont contains 30,000 inhabitants, and
as manufactures 6f ratteens, druggets,
ferges, and leather. It is the birth-
place“ of the ‘celebrated Pafcal; and is
300 miles s of Paris. Lon. 3 10 £, lat.
45.47 .N.
Cuery, a village in France, nine
miles sw of Orleans, once famous for
the pilgrimages to our lady of Clery. Here
is the tomb of that monfter Lewis xt,
who appears, in white marble, as the faint
and the patriot king.
CLERKE’S ISLANDS, two iflands in the
N Pacific Ocean, between the coaft of
Kamtfchatka and that of N America.
‘They were feen by captain Cook in
1778, and were fo named in honour of
captain Clerke, his fecond in command,
They were both inhabited, and were not
unknown to the Ruffians. Lon. 169 3@
Wy lat. 63 15 N. ue .
Creves, a duchy of-Germany, in the
circle of Weftphalia, divided into two
parts by the Rhine. It is a fine country,
delightfully variegated with hills, woods,
fields, towns, and villages ; and is fubjeét
to the king of Pruilia. ‘
CvEvEs, a city of Weftphalia, capital
of the duchy of Cleves. It is feated on
the eaftern fide of three hills, 2bout a
mile w of the Rhine; and has a cattle,
built in the time of Julius Cefar. Seve-
ral of the {treets, from their elevated fitu-
ation, extend their views many leagues
deep into the country, cn the oppofite
fhore. It has been often taken and re-
taken; the laft- time by the French, in
1794.’ It is rs miles sz of Nimeguen,
Lon. § 50 Ey lat.-51 45 N.
CLEYBROOK, GReEaT and LITTLE,
two villages in Leiceiterfhire; on the nw
fide of Lutterworth. They are fuppofed
to have been a part of Cleycefter, fituate
one mile to the w, which was a flourifh-
ing city of the Romans, and where their
bricks -and coins have been frequently
found.
Curr, a town in Northamptonfhire,
with a market on Tuefday, 30 miles Ng
of Northampton, and 88 NNw of London.
Lon. 0 37 Wy lat. 52 33N.
CuIFrToN, a village in Weitmorlan,
three m
a fkirmil
the rebel
the adva
Cuir
near Bri
neighbo
the foot
Curis
the Tur
on a cra
latto.
CLIs$
departm|
vince of
miles s
47 1N.
Cu
with a
mains oO}
membe
near Pe
cafter,
221 W
CLO
rough
50 W,
CLo
the cov
river §
rough |
16 mil
54 N.
- CLt
partm«
vince
late f
feated
Maco:
CL
varyi
the a}
tains
feren'
for e1
a hig
the a
inhal
their
river
mide
CLW
three miles ssz of Penrith, noted for
a fkirmiih between the king’s forces and
the rebels in 174.5, in which the latter had
the advantage.
Cuirron, a village in Gloucefterthire,
near Briftol, noted for the hot well in its
neighbourhood, upon the Lower Avon, at
the foot of St. Vincent’s rock.
Crissa, a fort of Dalmatia, taken from
the Turks by the Venetians. It is feated
on a craggy mountain, fix miles N of Spa-
latto. Lon. 17 31 £, lat. 44 10 N
CLISSON, a towm of France, in the
department of Lower Loire and late pro-
vince of Bretagne, on the river Seure, 12
miles s of Nantes. Lon. 1 28 w, lat.
47 1N.
CLITHERO, a borough in Lancafhire,
with a market on Saturday, and the re-
mains of an ancient caftle. It tends two
members to parliament, and is feated
near Pendil Hill, 36 miles se of Lan-
cafter, and 213 NNW of London. Lon.
221 Wy Lat. §3 54:N.
CLOGHER, an epiicopal town and bo-
rough of Ireland, in Tyrone. Lon. 6
50 W, lat. 54.30 N. °
CLONMEL, a borough of Ireland, in
the county of Tipperary, feated on the
river Sure, 19 miles se of Tipperary.
Lon. 7 27 wy, lat. 52 14.N. i 4
Coup, St. atown of France, four
miles w of Paris, feated on the Seine.
Here was lately a magnificent royal 'pa-
lace, gardens, &c. | :
CLOYNE, an epifcopal town and bo-
rough of Ireland, inthe county of Cork,
16 miles Eof Cork. Lon. 8 0 Wy lat. 51:
54.N.
- CLuNy, -a town of France, in the de-
partment of Saone and Loire and late pro.’
vince of Burgundy, remarkable for its
late famous Benediétine abbey. It is
feated onthe Grofne, 10 miles NW of
Macon. Lon. 4 33 £, lat. 46 24.N.
CLusgE, a town ot Savoy, in Faucigny,
feated on the Arve, 22 miles sz of Ge-
neva. Lon. 6 29 £, lat. 45 57 N.
CLwyp, a celebrated vale of Denbigh-
fhire, extending from its upper end to the
Irith Sea, above 20 miles; its breadth
varying from three to eight, according to
the approach or recefs of the high moun-
tains inclofing it, through which; in dif-
ferent parts, are gaps formed by nature
for entrances. This delightful {pot is in
a high {tate of cultivation, even far up
the afcent of the hills: and its numerous
inhabitants are remarkable for retaining
their vivacity to a late period of life. A
river of the fame name, which rifes in the
middle of the county, runs along this vale,
COB
and having entered Flintfhire, falls inte
the Irifh Sea.
CLYDE, a river of Scotland, which -
rifes in Annandale, runs through Clydef=
dale, and paffing by Lanerk, Hamilton,
and Glafgow, falls into the trith of Clyde.
Near Lanerk, this river runs, for feveral®
miles, between high rocks covered with
wood; and in its courfe exhibits many!
aftonifhing cataraéts. At Stonebyres, it
is confined within a very narrow bed, and
makes one entire fhoot, falling about 60
feet over a perpendicular rock; the water
then pouring over another precipice, is
dafhed into a deep chafm beneath. The-
horrid and inceflant din with which this
is accompanied, unnerves and overcomes
the heart. The waterfall at Corehoufey
called Cora-lin, is no lefs remarkable :
the water is here precipitated at leaft 100,
feet between two vaft rugged precipices. °
On a pointed rock, overhanging this
ftupendous {cene, ftands a folitary tower 5-
lately inhabited, but now in ruins. In
floods, the rock and tower have been ob-
ferved to fhake in fuch a manner as to
{pill water ina glafs ftanding ona table
in the caftle. A path leads to the top of
the tall, where, from a pro‘eécting rock, the
{peétator has a tremendous view down the
furious cataraét, as it pours below the
eye. See CanaL, GREAT.
CLYDEsDALY, a wild diftri& in the
S part of Lanerkfhire.. Amid the moun-
_ tains here, particles of gold have fometimes
been found wafhed down by the rains and
{treams of water ; but this tratt is chiefly
remarkable for producing: metals of infes
rior worth. The veins of lead lie moftly
Nand g, and their thicknefs, which fel«
dom exceeds 40 feet, varies greatly in
different parts. The fcanty pafture here
feeds fome fheep and cattle; but thofe, in’
the neighbourhood of the mines, fome-
times perifh by drinking the water in
which the lead ore has been wafhed. See
LEADHILLS,
Coast Caste, Caps, the principal
fettlement of the Englifh on the coaft of
Guinea, with a ftrong citadel. It is 30
miles & by N of St. George del Mina.
Lon. o 0, lat. 5 6 N.
CaBLENTZ, anancient city of Germany,
in the electorate of Treves. It is the re-
fidence of the eletor, who has lately built
a new palace here; the old one being on
the oppofite fide of the Rhine, in the vale
of Ehrenbreitftein, It was taken by the
French in 1794. It is feated at the con-
fluence of the Rhine and Mofelle, 50 miles
NE of Treves. Lon. 7 328, lat. 5024.N.
CoBYRe, a phi of Germany, in the
mm 2%
ieee Sees
oy eae .
pe Ee ee
COD
cisele of Franconia, capital of a princi-
pality of the fame name, with a college,
a fort, and a caftle.. Vhis town, and its
principality, belongs to the houfe of Sax-
ony, It is {eated an the ltch, 20 miles
N of Bamberg. Lon. 11 18 E, lat. 50
@2 N.
Coca, town of Spain, in Old Caftile,
near which is a {trong caftle for fate pri- /{
foneis. It is feated among mountains,,
at the confluence of the Morvedro and;
Elezena, 25 niles NNE Of Segovia, Lon. |
aq W, lat. 41 17 -N.. |
‘Tyeves, formerly imperial. It was taken
by, the French in 1794, and is feated on
the Mojelle, 25 miles sw. of Coblentz.
Lon. 7 2 £, lat. go 12 N.
COCHIN, a feapart, on the coaft of Ma-
Yabar, in Travancore. It is a Dutch
fettlement, and was. taken. by the Englifh
32.1795. It is 120 miles 5, by £ of Ca-
licut. Lon. 75 30 &, lat. 10 ON.
Cocuin-Cuina, a kingdom of Afia,
bounded on the £ by the Eaitern Ocean,
onthe N by Tonquin, on the w by Cam-
bodia, and on the s by Ciampa. It
aboumls in gold, raw filk, and drugs.
The religion of the inhabitants is much
the {ame as that of China. ‘Their cities
and towns have gates at the end of each.
ftreet, which are fhut every night; and if
any fire break out in a ward, all the in-
habitants are deftroyed, except the women
and children.
_ Cocker, a river which rifes in the s of
Cumberland, and flowing through the
lakes of Buttermere, Cromack-water,
and Lowes-water, joins the Derwent, bc-
low Cockermouth,
COCKERMOUTH, a populous borough
in Cumberland, with a market on Mon-
day. It lies between the Derwent andi
Cocker, over which latter are two ftone
bridges; and between two hills, on one
of which ftands a handfome church; and
en the other a ftatcly eaftle, It has a
manutacture of fhalioons, worfted ftock-
ings, and hats. It fends two members
fo parliament, and is 27 miles 8w of Car-
lifiv, ati 2go NNW of London. Lon. 3
25 Wy lat. 64 42 Ny
CocoNAatTo, atown of Piedmont, re-
narkable tor being the birthplace of Co-
lumbus. It is 20 miles E of Turin,
don. 8 9 Ey lat. 45 5 N. ;
Cop, Capz, on the s fide of Bofton
Buy, in the tate of Mafiachuletts, in N
America. Lon.7o 18 w, lat.420N.
Cooocno, a town ot Lraly, in the
duchy of Mifan. It furrendered to the
french in Nay s7g5. Ut is igated near
J
COK
the confluence of the Adda and Po, 33
miles E of Pavia.. Lon. 10 49 £, lat. 45
6 N.
CoOE£SFELD, a town of Germany, in the
territories of the bifhop of Muniter, where
he often refides. It is seated near the
river Burkel, 22 miles sw of Muntter.
Lon. 7 30 £, lat. 51 48 N.
! United Provinces, in Overyflel, feated in
a morals, 30 miles s of Gyoningen.
Lon. 6 44 E, lat. 52 44.N-
| Cognac, a town of France, in the de-_
COCHIEIM, &town in the electorate of\ partment of Charente and late province of
Angoumois, with a caftle, where Francis 1
was born, It is remarkable tor excel-
lent brandy, and feated on the Charente,
17 miles w of Angoulefme. Lon.o 10 w,
lat. 45 44 .N.
CoGNI, an ancient town of Turkey in
Afia, in Caramanja, ina country abound-
ing in corn, fruits, pulfe, and cattle.
Here are theep, whole tails weigh 30
pounds. It is 270 miles sz of Conftan-
tinople. Lon. 35 56 £, lat. 37-56 N.
COHGESHAL, a town in Effex, witha
market on Satufday, anda manufacture
of bays. It is feated on the river. Black-
water, 43 miles ENE of London.
47 Ey lat. 51 52 N.
CoIMBETTORE, a province and town
of the peninfula of Hindooftan, in the
kingdom of Myfore. It was taken by
general Medows in 1.790, but retaken by
Tippoo Sultan in 1791, and confirmed to
him by the peace-of 1792. It is 100
miles § by £ of Seringapatam, Lon. 77.
IO Ff, latw10 5 NO
CoiMsRA, a town of Portugal, capi-
tal of Beira, with a bifhop’s fee, and an
univerfity. The cathedral and the foun-
tains are magnificent. It ‘tands on a
mountain, by the fide of the river Mon-
dego, 100 miles Ng of Lifbon. Lon. 8
17 W, lat. 40 12 Ne
Coirg, a town of Swifferland, capital
of the country of the Grifons, with a
bifhop’s ive, whofe prelate has the right
of coining money. It is fituate at the
foot of the Alps, in a rich plain, and is
furrounded by ancient brick walls, with
{quare and round towers, in the ftyle of
fortification prior to the invention of gun-
powder. The ftreets ave narrow and dirty ;
and it contains about 3000 fouls. It is
divided into two parts, the leaft of which
is of the Roman catholic religion, and
the greateZ of the proteftant. ft is go-
verned by its own laws, and is feated
near the Rhine, 48 miles s of Conftance,
Lon. 9 25 Ey lat. 46 soN.
COKENHAUSEN, & rong town ef
CoEVORDEN, 21 fortified town of the '
Lor.o -
Ruffia,
the rive
Lon. 25
Con
Scotlanc
of Ard
rich in
lat. 57
COLE
rania,
was tak
reftored
feated 2
Baltic,
39 Ey |
Co.
in Effe
and Sat
ence,
within
called
is fitua
a wall,
terns 5
had 16
uted; 4
1648,
army 0
able fie
of bay:
oytters
by a
of ans
town |
Chelm
O.:, li
Co!
the riv
Co)
coait,
Scotlar
built
tury b
ene of
for her
Jutlar
{mall
tainin
COL
Ruffia, in the government of Livonia, on
the river Dwina, s0 miles sz of Riga.
Lon. 25 50 £, lat. 56 30N.
Co, one of the Weftern Iflands of
Scotland, nine miles sw from the point
of Ardnamurchan in Argylefhive. It is
rich in corn and pafture. Lon. 7 15 w,
lat. 57 ON.
COLBERG, a feaport of Pruffian Pome-
rania, remarkable for its falt-works. It
was taken by the Ruffians, in 1761, but
reftored’ at the fubfequent peace. It is
feated at the mouth of the Peyfant, on the
Baltic, 60 miles Nx of Stetin. Lon. 15
39 E, lat. 54 21 Ne
COLCHESTER, an ancient borough
in Effex, with a market on Wedne(day
and Saturday. It is feated on a fine emi-
mence, on the Coln, which is navigable
within a mile of the town, at a place
called the Hythe, where the cuftomhoufe
is fituate. The town was furrounded by
a wall, which had fix gates and three pof-
terns ; but thefe are now demolifhed. It
had 16 churches, but now only 12 are
ufed; and moft of them were damaged in
1648, when the town furrendered to the
army of the parliament, after a memor-
able fiege. There isa large manufacture
of bays; and the town is famous for
oyfters and eringo-roots. It is governed
by a mayor; and to the E are the ruins
of an old caftle, in which is one of the
town prifons. It is 22 miles ENE of
Chelmsford and 51 of London. Lon. 1
OE, lat. 51 55 N. See COLN.
COLCHESTER, a town of Virginia, on
the river Potomac.
COLDINGHAM, a heathy traét near the
coait, in the county of Berwick, in
Scotland, anciently noted for a nunnery,
built in the beginning of the 12th cen-
tury by Edgar, king of Scotland. Ebba,
one of the abbefles, renowned in tradition
for her chaftity, gave name to the neighbour-
ing promontory called St. Abb’s Head.
CoLDING, atown of Denmark, in N_
Jutland, remarkable for its bridge, over
which all the cattle pafs, that go from
Jutland into Holftein, and they pay. a
fmall toll. Here is a royal palace, con-
taining a fuite of 190 rooms. The har-
bour is two miles in circumference, and
deep enough for fhips of the largeft bur-
dew. It is fituate at the extremity of a
bay of the Little Belt, 50 miles s by £
of Wiburg. Lon. 10 15 Ey lat. §5 35 N.
COLDSTREAM, a town in the county
of Berwick, feated on the Tweed, over
which is a handfome bridge. It had a
famous monaftery ; and here general Monk
taifed the two battalions, now knowa by
CoOL
the name of the Coldi:rzam Regiment of
Guards. Lon.2 5 w, lat. 55 36N.
CoLeRrook DALE, in Shropthire; a
winding glen on the banks of the Severn,
between two vait hills, which break into
various forms, being all thickly covered,
and forming beautiful fheets of hanging
woods. Here are many kilns for burning
limeftone ; the moft confiderable iron
works in England ; and a curious bridge
over the Severn, conftructed entirely of
ca{t-iron. There is alfo, in the dale, a
remarkable {pring of toffil tar, or petro-
lium, which has yielded a vaft quantity
of that jubitance; but it is now much
diminifhed. A work, for obtaining a
fimilar kind of*tar, from the condented
fmoke of coal, has been erected here.
CoLeNnet, Caps, a cape of the ifland
of New Caledonia, in the § Pacific Ocean.
Lon. 164 56 E£, lat. 20 30 Ss.
COLeERAIN, a borough of Ireland, in
the county of Londonderry, on the river
Bann, 25 miles ne of Londonderry.
Lon. 6 39 W, lat. §5 16 N.
COLESHILL, a town in Warwickfhire,
with a market on Wedneiday ; {eated on
the fide of a hill, on the Coln, over which
is a ftone bridge. It is ur miles Nw of
Coventry and 105 of London. Lon. 1
35 W, lat. 52 32 N.
COLFORD, a town in Gloucefterfliire,
with a market on Tuefday, 14 miles 5 of
Hereford, and 123 w by wn of London.
Lon. 2 4o W, Jat. 51 48 N.
CouiMa,a feaport of Mexico, capital of
a fertile valley of the fame name. It is
feated at the mouth of a river, near the
N Pacific Ocean, 300 miles w of Mexico,
Lon. 106 5 Wy lat. 19 10 N.
CoLiourE, a feaport ot France, in
the department of the Eaftern Pyrenees
and late province of Roujillon. It was
taken by the Spaniards in 1793, but re-
taken the next year. It is feated at the
foot of the Pyrenees, 10 miles sz of Per-
pignan. Lon. 3 8£, lat.q2 34N.
Cou.e, anepifcopal town of Tufcany,
ro miles NW of Sienna. Lon. 11 7 £,
lat. 43 16 N.
COLLUMPTON. See COLUMBTON.
COLMAR, acity of France, capital of
the department of Upper Rhine and late
province of Upper Altace. It was for-
merly an: imperial town, and has been re-
cently ere&ted into a bifhopric. It is
feated near the river Ill, 35 miles s by w
of Strafburg. Lon. 7 27 8, lat. 48 5N.
CoLMARs, a town of France, in the
department of the Lower Alps and late
province of Provence, 20 miles & ef
Digne, Lon.6 358, lat.44 70,
K ;
?
COL
CoLtmocorop, a town of Ruffia, in
an ifland formed by the river Dwina, with
an archbifhop’s fee, 30 miles sz of Arch-
angel. Lon. 39 42 £, lat. 64 14.N.
COLN, ariver which rifes near Clare in
Suffolk, and paffing by Halftead and Col-
chefter in Effex, eimptics itlelf into the
German Ccean, between Merley Ilfland
and the mainland. In the ints and
pools, at the mouth of this river are bred
the famous Colchefter oyiters. ‘There are
feveral imell rivers of the fame name in
England.
COLNEROOK, a town of Bucks, with
a market on Wednefday, feated on the
river Coln, 17 miles w of London. Lon. o
25 W, lat. 51 29 N.
Cone, a town in Lancahhire, with
a market on Wednelday, feated ona hill,
36 miles sz of Lancafter, and 214 NNW
of London. Lon. 2 5 wy lat. 53 50 N.
COLOCHINA, an ancient town ot Tur-
key, in the Morea, s0 miles se of
Militra. Lon. 23 22 £, lat. 36 32N.
CoLocza, a town of Hungary, en the
Danube, capital of the county of Bath,
with an archbifhop’s fee, 57 miles s of
Buda. Lon, 18 29 £, lat. 46 38N.
CoLoGna, a town of Italy, in the
Paduan, 26 miles sw of Padua. Lon,
317 27 Ey lat. 45 14.N.
CoLoGne, an eleétorate of Germany,
in the circle of the Lower Khine;
bounded on the N by the duchy of Cleves
and Guelderland, on the gE. by the duchy
of Berg, on the s by the archbifhopric of
‘Treves, and on the w by the duchy of
Juliers. The eleStoris archchancellor of
the empire for Italy, and has a right to
coniecrate the emperor for Italy, with
that of Mentz. It is one of the moft ter-
tile countries in the empire, and the re-
venues are computed to amount to
130,000], a year.
COLoGNg, an ancient city of Ger-
many, capital of the eleétorate of Co-
logne, with a bifhop’s fee, and a univer-
fity. It contains 10 collegiate and 19
parochial churches, four abbies, 17 mo-
nafteries, 40 numneries, and about 50
chapels; all of which are candidates for
the attention of the devout and curicus,
by their fine paintings, their treafures,
or their roliéts. (Cologne is immortalized
by its being the birthplace of the great
Rubens; and it is tgriified in the ancient
Marner, with firong walls, towers, and
ditches. It is a tree imperial city, and
though the eleétor has a palace here, he
has not the liberty of ftaying in it for
many days tegether; ner is he admitted to
eome at all with a numerous attendance,
COL
The inhabitants are generally Roman
catholics, but there are some proteftants,
who are obliged to pertorm divine fer-
vice at Mulheim, tluee mies from the
city. In the catiedral are the golden
enamber or tresiury, the riches of which
are immenie; and the chapel of the three
Magi, in which they pretend to ihow the
bodies of the three Magi, called the
Three Kings. Colegne was once one
of the Hanie Towns, celebrated for its
commerce, which is now dwindled to the
manufaQure of a few ribands, ftockings,
lace, and fome tobacco. To perecution
it owes this decay; to the expulfion of
the Jews ir 1485, and of the proteltants
in 1618. Two thirds of this city have
fince fallen into ruins, and ftreets and
{quares are converted into kitchengardens
and vineyards. Cologne was taken by
the French in 1794. It is feated cn the
Rhine, 17 miles & of Juliers. Lon. 7
IO E, lat. 50 55 N.
CoLomsorz, a caftle of Turkey in
Europe, in Bulgaria, on a hill, under
which is the {trong pafs of Urania.
CoLomuy or COLOMIAy a town of
Poland, in Kv. Rufia, on the river Pruth,
42 miles se of Halitz. Lon. 25 405,
lat, 48 41 N.
CoLonna, a town of Italy, in Cam-
pagna di Roma, 18 miles & of Rome.
Lon. 12 56 Ey lat. 41 55 .N.
Covonsa, a fertile little ifland, on the
w coatt of Scotland, feven miles w of the
the ifland of Jura.
COLORADO, a river of New Mexico,
which being joined by the river of the
Apoftles, enters the gulf of California,
in lon, 101 0 Wy lat. 32 20 N.
CoLoRNo, a town of Italy, in the
Parmatfan, near the Po, eight miles from
Parma. ‘The duke of Parma has a plea-
fure-houfe here, one of the moft delight-
ful in Italy. Lon. 10 22 £, lat. 44
54.N.
CoLoswar, a town of Tranfylvania,
where the ftates meet. It is feated on the
Samos, 37 miles NW of of Weldemnuic,
and r20 BE by s of Vienna, Lon. 23 15
EF, lat. 46 53 N.
CoLums, Sr. a town in Cornwall,
with a market on Thuriday, feated ona
hill, ro miles w ef Bodmin. Lon. 4 52
Wy lat. so30M.. |
CoLumBI4, a city of § Carolina, on
the river Congaree, juft below the influx
of the Saluda. It is the feat of the go-
yernment of S Carolina, and roo miles
nw of Charlefton. Lon, 81 10 w, lat.
33 58.N.
COLUMBIA, a territory of N Amg-
rica, the
the Unit
CoLu
the iflanc
the Port
were exp
The nati
the walls
laft are
verner’s
Ie was
Februar
gombo.
CoLu
with a
erronecu
lumpton
and is f
miles N
don. L
CoLu
governm
bilhop’s
33 25K;
CoL
ealled S
the fam
tom of
fineft in
makes {
of this
is feven
E, lat. 3
Com.
Irac A
Lon. 51
Com
Italy, 1
for whi
fifherm
the fam
Lon. 1:
Com
Ferrare
river P
ence; |
one pa
built.
Con
S Ame
Comar
by a!
10 10
Col
rica, }
mana.
Co.
fliire,
mous
demoh
js the
Co
COM COM
rica, the feat of the intended capital of fhire, with a market on Tuefday. ft is
the United States, See Wasiincron. feated on the Brittol Channel, where it has
CoLumno, a town on the w fide of an inlet whichvuns through the town. It
the ifland of Ceylon. It was built by is five miles & of Ifracomb, and 176 w
the Portugueie in 1638, and in 1658 they by s of London, Lon. 4 2 wy lat. ga
were expeiled by the natives and Dutch. 13 °N.
The natives live in the old town, without Couines, a town of France, in the
the walls of the new. ‘The ttreets ot this department of the North and Jate French
laft ave wide and {pacious, wil the gos Planders, feated on the Lis, ive miles
verner’s howe is a handiowe truciue. Swoof Menin. Lon. 3 4 Ey lat. 50 45N.
Ie was funendered to the Haghth in ComMercy, a town of France, in
February 1796. Itis 18 miles s of Ne- the deparunent of Meufe and late duchy
gombo. Lon. 8025 Ey lat.7 10 Ne of Bar, with a caftle, built by cardinal
COLUMBTON, a town in Devonihire, de Retz. It is feated on the Meule, 160
with a market on Saturday, fainctimes miles g& of Paris. Lon. 5 44 By lat. 48
erroneoufly written Collumpton and Cul- 40N.
lumpton. It has a wollen manutacture, Como, a populous town of Ttaly, in
and is feated on the river Columb, 12 the Milanefe, with a bifhof’s fee; fituate
miles NE of Exeter, and 164. W of Lon- ina valley, incloted by fertile hills, on
don. Lon. 3 23 Wy lat. 50 53 .N. the s extremity of a lake of the fame
CoLumna, atown of Ruilia, in the name. It is furrounded by a wall, guarded
government of Motcow, with an arch- by towers, and backed by a conical emi-
bithop’s tee, 50 miles sz of Mofcow. Lon. nence, on which are the ruins of an an-
38 258, lat. §5 5N. cient cattle. The houfes are neatly built
Coxurt, an ifland of Greece, formerly of ftone; and the cathedral is a handfome
called Salamis. ‘The principal town is of edifice of white marble, hewn from the
the fame name, on the s fide, at the bot- neighbouring quarries. On the outfide of
tom of the harbour, which is one of the the church, is the ftatue of Pliny the
fineft in the world. Though Ajax, who Younger, in a niche, with a Latin in-
makes fuch a figure in Homer, was king {cription bearing the date of 1499. Pliny
of this ifland, 1: is but a poor place. It was born here; and, in his Letters,
is feven miles s of Athens. Lon. 24 5 {peaks with rapture of the delightful
E, lat. 38 oN. fraetlon of the town, and the romantic
Com, a populous town of Perfia, in tcenery of its environs. The inhabitants
Trac Agemi, to miles N of Jipahan, have eltablifhed feveral manufactures of
Lon. 51 56 8, lat. 34 5 N. cotton and filk, and carry on fome trade
COMACHIO, an epiicopal town of withthe Grifons. Como is 80 miles Ng
Italy, inthe Ferrarefe. Whe air is bad, of Turin. Lon.g 7 &, lat. 45 45.
for which reaion it js inhabited by a tew Como, the largeft lake in Italy, in the
fifthermen only. It is feated in a lake of Milanefe. It is 88 miles in circumference,
the fame name, 27 miles se af Ferrara. but not above fix miles over in any one
Len. 12 10 E, lat. 44.45 N. put.
Comacuto, a lake of Italy, in the | Comora IsLanos, five iflands in the
Ferrarefe, between the two mouths of the Indian Ocean, between the coat of Zan-
river Po, It is 10 miles in circumfer- guebar and the N part of the ifland of
ence; but dry in feveral places, and on Madagafcar. They are called Hinzuan
one part a town of the fame name is Mayotta, Mohilla, Angezeia, and Co-
built. mora. See HINZUAN.
CoMANA, or CUMANA, a feapost of Comorin, Cape, the moft fouthern
S America, capital of the province of point of the peninfula of Hindooltan.
Comana, in Terra Firma. It is defended Lon. 77 32 £, lat. 7 50 N.
by a ftrong caltle. Lon. 64 29 wy lat. Camorra, a town of Lower Hun-
10 10N. gary, capital of a territory of the fame
ComMANacoTra, a town of S Ame. name. It is fo well fortified, that the
rica, in Terra Firma, 10 miles w of Ca- ‘Turks could never take it. The gveatett
mana. Lon. 64 40 W, lat.10 10 .N. part of the inhabitants are of the Greek
ComB-ApBeyY,a village in Warwick- religion. It is feated on the Danube, in
five, three miles from Caventry, once fa- the ifland of Sibut, 70 miles s by & of
mous for a rich abbey. The church is Vienna. Len. 18 § £, lat. 47 46N.
demolifhed, but the abbey, modernized, COMPIEGNE, a town of France, in
js the feat of lord Craven. the department of Oile and late province
Coms-MarrTin, a town in Devon- of the Ife of pr Here is a palace,
4
Pee li it Sinai ta
ee
St
epee
Sanaa cial
CON
in which the kings of France often re-
fided. The Maid of Orleans was taken
prifoner here in 1430. It is feated
near an extenfive foreft, at the conflrence
of the Aifne and Oife, 45 miles NE of
Paris, Lon. 2 55 £, lat. 49 25 N.
COMPOSTELLA, a celebrated town of
Spain, capital of Galicia, with an arch-
bithop's fee, and a univerfity. The public
{quares, and the churches, are magnificent ;
and it has a great number of monatteries
for both fexes. It is pretended that the
body of St. James was buried here, which
draws a great number of pilgrims: they
walk in proceffion to the church, and
vifit his wooden image, which ftands on
the great altar, and is illuminated by
many wax-candles. The poor pilgrims
are received into an hofpital, built for
that purpofe, which ftands near the church,
and round it are galleries of freefton, fup-
ported by large pillars. The archbifhop
is one of the richeft prelates in Spain,
having 70,000 crowns a year. Fron this
town the military order of St. Jago or St.
James, had its origin. It is feated ina
peninfula, formed by the Tambra and
Ulla, 265 miles Nw of Madrid. Lon, 8
17 Wy lat. 42 52 N.
CoMPOSTELLA, NEW, a town of N
America, in New Spain, near the S
Pacific Ocean, 400 eniies Nw of Mexico.
Lon. 109 42 Wy lat. 21 20N.
Conean, a low traét of country, on
the w coaft of the Deccan of Hindooftan.
From this tract rifes abruptly that ftupen-
dous wall of mountalns called the Gauts.
Jt is fubje& to the Mahrattas, and lies be-
tween 15 and 20° N lat.
CONCARNEAU, a feaport of France,
jn the department of Finifterre and late
province of Brittany, with a caftle, 12
miles sz of Quimper, Lon. 4 2 £, lat.
47 46N.
CONCEPTION, a feaport of Chili, with
a bifhop’s fee. It has been often taken
and ravaged by the native Americans,
and is feated on the S ‘Pacific Ocean, 230
miles n of Baldivia. Lon. 73 20 Ww, lat.
35 40 S.
CoNcEPTION, a town of New Spain,
Seated near the gulf of Mexico, roo
miles w of Porto-Bello. Lon. 81 45 w,
Jat. 19 oN.
ConcorpiA, a town of Italy, in the
duchy of Mirandola, on the river Sechja,
five miles w of Mirandola, Lon. 11 13
E, lat. 44 52.N.
Concorpia, a town of Italy, in Ve-
netian Friuli, with a bifhop’s fee, 28
tailes ssw of Udina, It is now almoft
CON
rained, and the bifhop refides at Porto
Gruaro. ©
Conpavir, a fort in the peninfula of
Hindooftan, and the principal poft of
Guntoor, one of the five Cirears. It is
ftrongly fituate on a mountain, 16 miles
Ww of Guntoer.
Conpg, a {trong town of France, in
the department of the North and French
part of Hainault. It has a caftle, and gave
the title of prince to a branch of the late
royal family. It was taken by the allies,
July 10, 1793, but it was retaken by the
French O&. 1, 1794, and ordered by the
convention to have its name changed to
that of Nord Libre. Condé is feated on
the Scheld, feven miles Ne of Valenci-
ennes, and 117 N by E of Paris. Lon,
339, lat. 50 27N.
Conpg, a town of France, in the
department of Calvados and late province
of Normandy. It carries on a confider-
able trade, and is feated on the Nereau,
15 miles w of Paris. Lon. o 37 Wy lat.
48 SON.
CONDECEDO, a cape of N America,
in Yucatan, 100 miles w of Merida.
Lon. 91 27 W, lat. 20 50 N.
ConpoMg a large town of France, in
the department of Gers and late province
of Gaicony. As ithas no trade, it is poor,
and thinly peopled. It was lately an
epifcopal fee, and is feated on the Baile,
22 males w of Auch, Lon.o 368, lat,
44 1N.
Conpore, the capital of a number of
iflands, in the Indian Ocean. It produces
mangoes, which grow on trees, as large as
apple-trees: the fruit is of the fize of a
fmall peach, and when ripe, has a plea-
fant finell and tafte. The inhabitants are
fmall in fiature, well-fhaped, and of a
dark olive complexion: their faces are
long, with black ftraight hair, finall
black eyrs, high nofes, thin lips, white
tecth, and little mouths. They are very
poor, and their chief employment is get-
ting tar out of the trees. When any
fhips arrive, they will bring their women
on board, and offer them to the failors.
They have a little idol temple, built of
wood, and thatched like their houfes,
which are very mean. The Englih E
India Company had a fettlement here in
17023 but the factors falling out with
the natives, moft of them were murdered,
and the reft driven thence in 1705. Lon.
107 26, lat. 2 40 N,
CoNDRIEU, a town of France, in the
department of Rhone and Loire and late
province of Lyonois, remarkable for its
excellent
Rhone,
$3 By la
CANE¢
departme
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miles NE
lat. 43 5
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a mayor
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as aim
a more ¢
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Conqd
the equi
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CON CON
excellent wines. It is feated near the don‘hire, near Stilton. It has the ruins
Rhone, 17 miles s of Lyons. Lon. 4 of acaltle; and is feated at the head of
$3 By lat. 45 23 N. the river which forms Ug-mere, Brick.
CANEOLENS, a town of France, in the mere, and Whittlefea-mere.
department of Charente and late province | CONISTON-MERE, a lake in Laneca-
of Angoumois, on the river Vienne, 30 fhire, which affords plenty of char. It
miles NE of Angoulelme. Lon.o 438, is five miles long, but not above one
lat. 48 55 .N. broad; and is five miles w of Winander-
CONGLETON,a town in Chefhire, with mere.
a market on Saturday. It is governed by CONNAUGHT, a province of Ireland,
a mayor, and has two churches, but the 130 miles long, and $4 broad; bounded
rincipal one is two miles diftant. It’) on the E by Leinfter and Muntter, on the
a manufacture of leather gloves; and 8 by the latter province, on the w and N
a more confiderable one in filk, there be- by the Atlantic, and on the Nw by Ulfter.
ing a Jarge filk-mill, which employs 700 It is fertile in many places, but is the
hands. It is feated on the river Dene, leaft cultivated of all the four provinccs.
feven miles s of Macclesfield, and 164 It contains one archb‘thopric, five bifhop-
nwof London. Lon.’2 10 w, lat. 53 8N. rics, fix counties, f:ven market-townsy
CONGO, a country of Africa, between 10 boroughs, and 330 parifhes.
the equinoétial line and 18 degrees of s lat. CONNECTICUT, one of the United
containing the kingdoms of Loango, States, in New England, 82 miles lon
Congo, Angola, and Benguela. It: was and 57 broad; bounded onthe n by Maf-
difcovered by the Portuguefe in1481, and fachulets, on the z by Rhode Ifland, on
is hounded on the n by Benin, by the in- the w by New York, and on the s by the
land part of Africa on the E, by Matamon Sound, which divides it from Long Ifland,
on the s, and by the Atlantic Oceanon Though fubject to the extremes of heat
the w. It is fometimes called Lower and cold in their feafons, and to frequent
Guinea; and the Portugueft have agreat fudden changes, this country is very
many fettlements on the coait, as wel] as healthful. It is the moft populous, in
in the inland country. They have many proportion to its extent, of any of the
defert places within land, in which are United States, and produces the necef-
elephunts, tigers, leopards, monkies, and {aries and conveniences of lite in abun-
monftrous ferpents; but near the coatt, dance. Its principal rivers are the Con-
the foil is more fertile; and there are necticut, Houfatonik, and .Thames. It
fruits of many kinds, befide palm-trees, contains the counties of Hartford, New-
from which they get wine and oil. The haven, New London, Fairfield, Wind-
inhabitants are {kilfvl in weaving cotton ham, Lichfield, Middlefex, and Tolland.
cloth; and they trade in flaves, ivory, In 1782, the number of inhabitants was
caflia, and tamarinds: the greateft part 276,395. Hartford and Newhaven are
of them go almoft naked, worthipping the the capitals; the general aflembly being
fun, moon, and ftars, befide animals of annually holden at the former in May,
different kinds; but the Portuguefe have and at the latter in Oétober.
made many converts. Congo, properly Connecticut, a river of New
fo called, is only 150 miles broad along the England, which rifes in a {wamp in lon.
coaft, but is 372 inland. From March 71 0 w, and, taking a foutherty direc-
to September is called the winter feafon, tion, falls irco the Sound, oppofite Long
when it rains almoft every day; and the Ifland. Between Walpole aid Wettinin.
fummer is from O&tober to March, when fter are the great falls. The river, com-
the weather is very hot. The viver Zaire prefled between two rocks, fcarcely 30
is full of crocodiles and . ver-hories. feet.afunder, fhcots with amazing rapi-
‘The principal town is St. Salvador. dity into a broad bafin’ below. Over
Cont, a town of Piedmont, capital of thefe falls, a bridge, 160 feet in length,
a territory of that name, with acitadel. under which the higheft floods may pafs
It was taken by the French in April without injury to it, was built in 1784;
1796. It is feated at the confluence of the firft bridge erected over this noble
the Greffe and Sture, 35 miles sof Turin. river. From its fource to its mouth it is
Lon. 7 45 E, lat. 44 30 N. about 300 miles ; and on its banks are
CONINGSECK, a town of Suabia, ca- many pleafant well-built towns.
pital of a county of the fame name, 20 CONNOR, a town of Ireland, in the
miles N of Conitance. Lon. 9 20 £, county of Antrim, with a bithop’s fee,
Jat. 47 50 N. fix miles N of Aptrum, Lon, 6 6 £,
Coninaton, a village in Hunting- lat. 54 59 Ne
CON
Conquer, 2 town of France, in the
& partment of Finifterre and late province
et Bretagne, with a good harbour and
seed. Itis 2 miles w of Brel. Lon. 4
43 w, lat. 48 23.N.
CoNnstTANCE, a city of Suabia, with
a bilhop's fev; feated on the Rhine, be-
tween the upper and lower
Centtonce. Once fo f tourifl. ng r imecs
merce, and fo celebrated in ! ittory, ote
row yrows in the principal ftreets, aud
it tearecly contains 3000 inhabit ants.
tt was tormerly in dilianee with Zuric
and Bafil, and, by their aifittance, had
expelled the bithep, and einbraced the
wiormstion, But the proteitant casitons
being victed in 1537, Conttanee was
obliged to dvbmit to the emperor Charles
Vv, and to realinit the catholic religion,
It thus lott its independence, and being
tg led dled by the houle ot Auttria, fell] Dy
degrees into its prefent ftate. In 1735,
however, the emperor Joteph te invited
hither the emigrants trom Geneva, and,
Mm 1787, 350 pertoas ( {among whom were
$4 watcnmakers} were fettled here: the
emperor ranted them the fecalarive
convent of the Dominicans, for a mamu-
facture of printed hinens; ant the refce-
tory was made the chapel of the new
colony. Centtance ts faraous for a coun-
cil, in 1514, which caued John Huls and
Jerome of Prague to be burnt; and. like-
wile condemned the doftrine of Wick-
litte, and ordered his bomes to be burned
40 years after he was dead. The French
took poffeflion of this city in July 1796.
Tt is 35 miles Neot Zuric. Lon.g ro 8,
lat. 47 38 N.
CONSTANCE, Lake OF, one of the
mott confiderable lakes of Swiflerland,
which it feparates from Suabia, that part
excepted, where the city of Conftance is
feated on its s fide. It is divided into
three parts. The upper and largett part
is calied Boden See; the middle part ts
named Bodmer Sce; and the lower part.
Unter See, Zeller See, or the lake of
Zeil, The upper lake is 37 mies leng,
and 15 in its greateft breadth. Th: ough
this lake the Rhine flows, and then ent
the Zeller See, which is 16 miles Ione
and yo inits yreate(t breadth. Like all
the lakes Swifferland, this is deeper in
fummer than in winter; which is owing
to the firlt melting of the fhow trom the
adjacent mountitius.
CONSTANTINA, a town of Africa,
in the kingdom or Algiers, the largeft
and ftrongeft in ali the eaftern parts, und
feated ar the t top of a great rock. ‘There
is RO wey toi: but by “Reps cut out of the
lakes Ng
CON
rock; and the ufual way of punifhing
criminals here is to throw them down the
cliff. Here ave many Roman antiquities,
particularly atyiumphal arch. It is 75
miles from the fea, and 210 EB by s of
Algiers, Lon. 7 o£, lat. 36 4N.
CONSTANTINA, a town of Spain, ig
Acntalutia, with a cattle feated on a moun.
tain, 40 miles BE of Seville. Lon. 5
35 Ws, lat. 37 40 4.
Consranrinovie, the ameient By-
zantiun, one of the mott celebrated cities
in Europe, in R omaniay and capital of
the Ottoman empire. It is (eat.d on a
neck ot land, which advances toward
Natolii, from which it is feparated bp
ftrait ao anile in breadth. ‘The fea of
Marmcca wafhes its walls onthe s, and a
gulf of the tlyait of Conitantinople does
the (ame on the x. Et is debichthilly
fittate between the Blati Sea and the
Archipelaga. Cy pte the Great
chate this place for his abode, and sebuilt
ttatter the model af ee Tt was taken,
im 2453, by the Turks, who have kept
poll. {lic hn of it ever fines. The grand
figtior’s palace ce illed the Seraglio, 15 On
the featide, and is furvounded | by walls
flanked with towers, and. fe pars‘ed from
the city by canals. The number of
howes imuit be predigious ; but, in
general, they are man, cipeciilly on the
outlide, where ghere are few or ne win-
dows, and the {t a being narrow, gives
them a melancholy lock. ‘They reckon
that there are 3770 treets aiid ieeer: but
they are feldom or ever clean; and the
people are infefied with the plague almott
every year. The inhabitants are half
Yorks, twa thirds af the other half
Chriftians, and the reft Jews. Here are
a great number of ancient monuments
{till remaining, and particularly the fa-
perb temple of St. Sophia, which is con-
verted into a mofque, and fuypatfes all
the reft. The bazars, or bezefteins, are
the markets for merchandile: they are
large {quare buildings, covered with
dc MCS, fupported by arcades, and con-
taining all torts of goods, which are there
expoled to fale. “Lhete is a marker far
flaves of both sexes; andthe Jews are the
principal m rerchants, who bring them here
to be fold. A great manber of 5 girls ave
brought trom Bunter ary, Greece, ‘Candia,
Circatlia, Mingrelia, and Georgia, tor the
fervice of the Turks, who generally buy
them for their feraglies. The great
fquare, near the moique o of fultan Bajazct,
is the place tor public divertions. The
ciremnicrence of this city is fuid to he
15 miles, and 23 with the fuburbs in-
trianz le 3 H
cluded:
place w
fide. Tl
is”
duaily, t
froin the
bagnios,
them mag
of Adria
700 SEO
IN.
CONS’
ciently
forming
Euxine o
or fea of
and a ni
yarrowel
cattles, o
the pafla
between
of it is fi
other, S
Europe,
the Arcl
ftantinop
CONT
artment
Peudy,
a_ brancl
France.
sw of
Lon. 2
Conv
‘Terra d
miles SE
20 N.
Conv
with ar
mouth c
by the
former]
ftructur
is 18m
WNW Q
20 N.
Con’
flows tl
name, 3
Carnar\
at the t
Con
Princip
fee. ¢
quake |
eatheds
CON
cluded: the fuburb, called Pera, is the
place where the foreign ambaffadors re-
fide. ‘The city is built in the form oy a
triangle; and as the ground rifes gvra-
duaily, there is a.view of the wiicle town
froin the fea. The palaces, moi jues,
bagnios, and caravanfaras, are many of
them magnificent. It is 112 miles Ese
of Adrianople, 240 E of Salonichi, and
goo Sk of Vienna, Lon. 28 s9&, lat. 41
IN,
CONSTANTINOPLE, STRAIT OF, an-
iently the Thracian Boiphorus, and
forming the communication between the
Euxine or Black Sea, and the Propontis,
or fea of Marmora. It is 20 miles long,
and a mile and a quarter broad, where
Marrowelt. The Turks have built two
caftles, oppofite to each other, to detend
the paflage. It forms the {eparation here
between Europe and Afia. On one fide
of it is fituate Conttantinople, and on the
other, Scutari, where the grand fignior
has his teraglio.
CONSTANTINOW, a town of Poland
in Volhinia, on the river Selucza, 62 miles
NE of Kaminicck, Lon. 27 208, lat. 49
53 .N.
Conressa, a feaport of Turkey in
Europe, ona gulf of the fame name, in
the Archipelago, z00 miles w of Con-
ftantinople. Lon. 23 §8£, lat. 41 8N.
CONTI, a town of France, in the de-
pertinent of Somme and late province of
icardy, It gave the title of prince to
a branch of the late royal family of
France. It is feated on the Seille, 14 miles
sw of Amiens, and 62 N of Paris.
Lon. 2 13 £, lat. 49 42 N.
__ CONVERSANO, a. town of Naples, in
Terra di Bari, with a bifhop’s fee, 12
miles sz of Beri. Lon. 17 6 £, lat. 41
20.N.
Conway, a town in Carnarvonfhire,
with a market on Friday; feated at the
mouth of the Conway, and diftinguithed
by the maffy remains of its cattle,
formerly one of the moft magnificent
ftructures of the Kind in the kingdom. It
is 18 miles ENE of Carnarvon, and 235
WNW of London. Lon. 4 1 W, lat. 53
20N.
Conway, a river of N Wales, which
flows through a fertile vale of the iame
name, along the whole eattern border of
Carnarvonthire, and enters the Irith Sea,
at the town of Conway.
Conza, an ancient town of Naples, in
Principato Ulteriore, with an archbifhop’s
fee. It was fo greadly ruined by an earth-
quake in 1694, that the place where the
cathedral flood is hardly known, It is
COP
52 miles £ of Naples. Lon. 15 35 &,
lat. 40 50 N.
Cooxk’s River, a large river of N
Aimesica, which flows into the N Pacific
Ocean. Jt was diicovered, in 1778, by
captain Cook, who left a blank tor is
a
'
Bame, which was filled up by the earl ot
Sandwich. ‘This river was traced as high
as Int. 61 30 N, which is above 7a
leagues from its mouth, in lon. 152 0 Ww.
Cock’s Srrairt, a firait dividing the
two iflands of which New Zealand is
compoled: it is about four or five leagues
broad,
Coos, an ifland in the Archipelago,
56 miles NW of Khodes, fudject to the
Turks. Lon. 27 4485 lat.37 1N.
COPENHAGEN, the capital of Denmark,
with a univerfity. It is the belt built
city of che North; and owes its principal
beauty to a dreadful fire in 1728, that
deltroyed five churches and 67 {ftreets,
which have been rebuilt in the modern
ftyle. ‘The new parts of the town, raiied
by Frederic V, confifts of an oftagon, con-
taining four uniform and elegant buildings
of hewn ftone, and of four broad ftreets,
leading to it in oppofite directions : in
the middle of the areais an equeftrian ftatue
of that king in bronze, which was caft
at the expence of the E India Company,
and co!t 80,oool. iterling. The greatett
part of the buildings are of brick; and
a few are of trecitone. The palaces of
the nobility are in general {plendid, and
ornamented in the Italian ftyle of archi-
tecture. The royal palace, called Chri
tianburg, built by Chriftian v1, ong of
the moft commodious, and moft {ymptu-
oufly furnifhed in Europe, was deftroyed
by fire, Feb. 26, 1794: and on June 6,
1795, a fire broke out in the dock-yard,
which foon communicated acrofs the ca-
nal to the houfes, and continued to rage
for two days, by which one fourth of the
city was deitroyed. The haven is always
crowded with thips; and the ftreets ave
interfested by canals, which bring the
merchandite clofe to the warehoules that
line the quays. The citadel is a regular
fortification, with five baftions, a double
ditch tull of water, and feveral advanced
works. The city is five miles in cir-
cumference, and ieated on the E fhore cf
the ifle of Zealand, 300 miles sw of
Steckholm, and 500 NE of London,
Lon. 12 40 By lat. 55 41 N- Sce AMAK.
CopiLowa7s, a town of Turkey in
Europe, in Bulgaria. Lon. 36 35 £,
lat. 46 40N. :
CopoRia, a town of Ingria, in the
Ruffian government of Peterfburgh, at
teen ta i Tenge eee is
—ae rani pee te teeette
COR
the mouth of a river of the fame name.
Lon. 290 £, lat. 59 34.N.
CoQuET, a river in Northumberland,
which crofies the centre of that county,
and enters the German Ocean, at Wark-
worth.
Coquet, an ifland on the coaft of
Northumberland, oppofite the mouth of
the river Coquet.
CoguiMBo, a feaport of Chili, ona
tiver of the fame name. It has been
often pillaged by the Englifh, Lon. 71
Yr W, lat. 29 54S.
Cor an, or CORAHJEHENABAD, a city
of Hindooftan Proper, in Dooab, fubject
to the nabob of Oude. It is 60 miles
ssw of Lucknow. Lon. 79 458, lat. 26
5 N.
CorBACH, a town of Germany, in
the principality of Waldeck, 1o miles
Nw of Waldeck. The hereditary prince
of Brunfwick was defeated here by the
French in 1760. Lon. 8 58 4, lat. 51
20 N.
Correck,atownof Auftrian Brabant,
three miles s of Louvain. Lon. 4 49 E,
dat. so 50 N.
Corbeil, a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Oiie and fate
province of the Ifle of France, feated on
the Seine, 17 miles s of Paris. Lon. 2
26 £, lat. 48 33 .N.
CoRBIE, a town of France, in the de-
ome of Somme and late province of
icardy, with a late celebrated Benedic-
tine abbey, feated on the Somme, to miles
E of Amiens. Lon. 2 38 £, lat. 49
54...
CorsBy, a town of Germany, on the
confines of Weltphalia, with a famous
abbey, whole abbot is a fovereign prince.
It is feated on the Weler, 30 miles E by
nN of Paderborn. Lon. 9 30 £, lat. 51
50 N.
CorDOVA, an epifcopal town of Spain,
in Andalufia, remarkable for its anti-
quity, and for having preferved its {plen.
dour and riches through {o many ages, it
being well known to the Romans by the
naine of Corduba, It is feated on the
Guadalquiver, over which is a magnifi-
cent ftone bridge. The circumference is
large, but it is not peopled in proportion
to its extent, for there are many orchards
and gardens within the walls. ‘The pa-
laces, churches, and religious houfes are
fuperb, particularly the cathedral, which
was a niofque, when the Moors poffeffed
the town; bor which reafon it ftill retains
the name of Mezquita. The {quare,
called the Plaza Major, is furrounded by
fine houfes, under which are piazzas.
COR
The trade confifts in wine, filk, and Cor-
dovan leather ; and in the neighbourhood
are a vait number of orange and lemon
trees. “The heft horfes in Spain come
hence, Cordova is 75 miles NE of Se-
ville, and 137 8 by w of Madrid. Lon. 4
4.W, lat. 37 52 N.
Cordova, a town of § America, in
Tucuman, witha bifhop’s fee, 180 miles
E by N of St. Jago. Lon. 62 5 w,
lat. 32 10 S.
CorDUAN, a famous lighthoufe of
France, at the méuth of the Gironde,
55 miles Nw of Bourdeaux. Lon.1 gw,
lat. 45 36 N.
Corea, a penimfula of Afia, extending
between China and Japan. It is bounded
on the N by Chinefe Tartary, on the &
by the fea and ifles of Japan, on the s by
the ocean, and on the w by the gulf and
province of Leao:tong. This kingdom
is commonly reckoned 200 leagues from
N to s, and too from gE to w. The
king has abfolute authority over his fub-
jects, but is himfelf tributary to China.
It is divided into eight provinces, which
contain 33 cities of the firft rank, 58 of
the fecond, and 70 of the third. King-
kitao is the capital. The principal pro-
ducts of Corea are wheat, rice, ginfeng,
gold, filver, iron, foffil falt, zaftor and
fable’s fkins, a yellow varnifh, almoft
equal to gilding, and a peculiar kind of
paper made of cotton. Numbers of
whales are annually found on the coatt
toward the NE. The Coreans are well
made, ingenious, brave, and trattable.
They are fond of dancing and mufic, and
fhow great aptnefs for acquiring the fci-
ences, which they apply to with ardcur.
Men of learning are diftinguifhed from
other people by two plumes of feathers,
which they wear in their caps. They
have borrowed their writing, drefs, reli-
gious worfhip, ceremonies, belief of the
tranfmigration of fouls, and the greater
part of their cuftoms, from the Chinete.
‘Their women are lefs confined than thote
in China, and have the liberty of appear-
ing in company with the other fex. In
China, parents often marry their children
without their confent: in Corea, they
choofe for themielves: they neither re-
gard the inclinations of their parents, not
{uffer them to throw any ob{tacles in the
way of their union. They never bury
their dead till three years after their de-
ceafe, but keep them in coffins for that
time.
CorRFE-CASTLE, a borough in Dor
fetthire, with a market on Thurfday. It
is feated in a peninfula called the Ifle of
‘Purlecck, on
en one 0!
inerly 2 plac
has a large
eculiar, 1D
juritdiction.
a mayor, an
ef barons.
parliament,
and 120 W
4 Ws lat. 5q
CorFU,
nean, near
tians, and
have in the
the gulf of
impregnab]
quantity of
vifieyards,
pital is of
jome metro
en the E 4
4.0 Ne
CoRIA;
feon, feat4
sw of Mad
Corin
GERAME,
Vedy with
was one of
Greece, 0
ifthmus in
top of an
harbours
gia; its ri
tors, and
fkilful im
the Venet
matters of
decayed 3
guous,
gardens,
lage. F
ever the
country
chiefly €
It is 40
3, lat
CorRI
rea, a ne
to Liva
Lepant¢
part of
mount |
celebra
are {till
of the
Pluto,
chus.
vain at
idthmu
ut, ca
COR
Purbcck, on a river, between two hills,
en one of which ftands the caftle, for-
merly a place of great importance. It
has a large church, which is a royal
peculiar, not liable to any epifcopal
jurifdifion. The town is governed by
a mayor, and its aldermen have the title
ef barons, Jt fends two members to
parliament, and is 21 miles E of Dorchefter,
and 120 w by s of London. Lon. 2
4.W, lat. so 36 N,
Corru, an ifland of the Mediterra-
nean, near Albania, fubject to the Vene-
tians, and the mo important place they
have in thele parts, becaufe it commands
the gulf of Venice. Iv is defended by an
impregnable caitle. Here is made a great
quantity of falt; and it abounds with
vifteyards, lemons, and olives. The ca-
pital is of the Jame name, with a hand-
tome metropolitan church of the Greeks,
en the z coalt. Lon. 20 o£, lat. 39
4ON,
Corta, an epifcopal town of Spain, in
Leon, feated on the Alagon, 120 miles
sw of Madrid. Lon. § 30 W, lat.4o oN.
CorinTH, now called CORANTHO, or
GERAME, a celebrated city, in the Mo-
rea, with a Greek archbithop’s ice. It
was one of the moft important places in
Greece, on account of its fituation on the
ifthmus inte the Morea; its caftle on the
top of an almoft inacceifible rock, its
harbours on the gults of Lepanto and En.
gia; its riches, and its architects, f{culp-
tors, and painters, who were the moit
fkilful in Greece. It once belonged to
the Venetians, but the Turks became
malters of it in 1715. It is now greatly
decayed; for the houfes are not conti-
guous, but intermixed with fields and
gardens, which make it look like a vil-
lage. From the caitle, is a fine profpect
ever the fea to the & and w, and a tertile
country N and s, The inhabitants are
chiefly Chriftians, of the Greek church.
It is 40 miles nw of Athens. Lon, 23
3 E, lat. 38 14.N.
CoRINTH, IsTHMUS OF, in the Mo.
rea, a neck of land which joins the Morea
to Livadia, and reaches from the gulf of
Lepanto to that of Engia. The narroweit
part of it is fix miles over; and on a
mount there, called Oneius, were formerly
celebrated the Iithmian games. There
are ftill the ruins of a town upon it, and
of the temples dedicated to the Sun,
Pluto, Diana, Neptune, Ceres, and Bac-
chus. Julius Cefar, Caligula, and Nero, in
vain attempted to cui a channel through the
idthmus ; they therefore built a wall acrofs
it, called Hexamiliym, becaule it was
COR
fix miles in length. ‘This was demolithed
by Amurath mn, rebuilt by the Venetians,
and levelled a fecond time by Mahomet 11.
Corira, a town of Spain, in Leon,
23 miles g of Salamanca. Lon. 5 49 w,
lat. 41 5.N.
Cork, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Muntter, 80 miles in length,
and 50 in breadth; bounded on the w by
Kerry and the Atlantic, on the N by Li-
merick, on the & by Waterford, and on
the s and sg by &t. George's Channel,
It contains «32 parifhes, and fends 26
members to parliament. It is fertile and
populous, and has two remarkable rivers,
the Blackwater and Lee.
Cork, the capital of the county of
Cork, with a bithop’s fee. It is a neat,
rich, and populous place, on the river
Lee, where it has a commodious harbour.
Tt furpafies all the towns in Ireland for
trade, except. Dublin. It was taken by
the earl of Marlborough in 1690. It is
14 miles trom St. George’s Channel, and
124. swof Dublin. Lon. 8 23 w, lat. 5x
54.N.
Corin, a town of Pruflian Pomerania,
feated on the river Perfant, eight miles se
of Colberg. Lon. 15 47 £, lat. 54 16.
CORMENTIN, a fortrefs on the Gold
Coatt of Guinea, belonging to the Dutch.
Near it is the town, which is large and
populous. Lon.o 15 Ww, lat. § 308.
CORMERY, a town of France, in the
department of Indre and Loire and late
rovince of Touraine. It had recently
a rich Benedictine abbey, and is feated on
the Indre, eight miles trom Tours,
Lon.o 28 £, lat.a7 30 N.
CORNET, a caftle on the ifland of
Guernley. Lon. 2 4a w, lat. 49 30 N.
CORNETO, a town of Italy, in the
patrimony of St. Peter, with a bithop’s.
fee, feated on the Marta, three miles &
wt the fea, and 37 Nwof Rome. Lon.1s
54 E, lat. 42 15 N.
CORNWALL, a county which forms
the sw extremity of England; bounded
on the & by Devonfhire, on the s by the
Englith Channel, and on the Nw by St.
Geerge’s Channel. Its length from g& te
W is 80 miles; its breadth next to De-
vonthire is 4.8, but it foon contracts, and
at Falmouth does not exceed 145 it them
{preads a little to the s and sw, and ter.
minates in two points, one of which is
called the Lizard, and the other the Land's
End. It lies in the diocefe of Exeter ;
contains nine hundreds, 27 market-towns,
and 161 parifhes; and fends 44 members
to parliament. The air is fharp and
healthjul, but the vicwity of the da ex-
COR
empfs it from hard frofts, and fhow never
lies long on the ground. ‘The foil, as it
is hallow, is not very fruitful, etpecially
in the centre on the hilly parts; the val-
lies yicid plenty of grafs; and the lands
near the dea, by being manured with {va-
weed produce corn. It has plenty oi tea-
herbs, and tome other plants peculiar to
its intular fituation. ‘Ihe principal rivers
sre the Tamar, Camel, and Fale. It de-
rives its chief importance from its mine-
pals. The mines of tin are numerous,
und are, in general, very rich im ore:
thee have rendered this county famous in
atl ages. ‘here has been tometimes
tound a finall quantity of gold and filver,
but not worthy of notice. With the
metalline ores are intermixed Jarge quan-
titics of mundic and arfenic. Many
forts of ftones are alfo found here, par-
ticularly moorftone, which is ufed both
in buildings and for millftones: when po-
lithed, it appears more beautiful than any
otf the marble kind, and makes the richeit
fnrmture, as tables, chimneypteces, &c.
but being exceedingly hard, the polifhing
is expeniive. The copper mines are alio
gunierous, and rich in ore. In many
cavernous parts of the rocks are found
irantparent cryftals, called Cornifh dia-
monds, they being very brilliant when
weil polifhed. This country was one
ai the plices to which the ancient Briton:
retreated, whole language was retained
eveu to this century, but it is now quite
extin@. The king’s eldeft fon is bern
duke of Cornwall, and derives a revenue,
not only from lands appertaining to the
duchy, but from the mines ef tin and
copper: he has under him an ofhcer,
called lord warden of the ‘Stannary
Courts, whofe juritdiction extends ever
the mines and miners of Cornwell and
Devonfhire; and he appeints, in his privy
council, the fheriff of the former ccunty,
Launcetton is the capital,
Coro. See VENEZUELA.
CoromMANDPEL, Coasr OF, the eaftern
coat of the peninfula of Hindooftan,
extending between yo and 14° NW lat.
There is not a port for large fhips on
he whole coaft, which is an even, low,
fandy country. Madras is the principal
town,
Coron, a feaport of the Morea, feated
ona bay, 1g miles se of Modou. Lon,
ai so £, lat. 36 so N.
Coronation, Caps, a cape of the
iftand of New Caledonia, in the § Facitic
Ocean. Lon. 167 8 £, lat. 22 5 Ss.
CORREGIO, a tuwn of Italy, capital
at a territory at the fame name, in the
2
COR
Modenefe, with a ¢aftle, nine miles
NE of Reggio. Lon, rx 12 £, lat. g¢
46N,
CorreEzey a department of France,
containing the late province of Limofin.
It takes its name trom a river, which
falls into the Vezere, after having watered
Tulles and Brives. Tulles is the ca-
pital.
CorsHAM, a town in Wilts, where
the Saxon king Ethelred had a palace.
Here are fome confiderable clothiers. It
is four miles sw of Chippenham.
Corsica, anifland in the Mediterra-
nean, between 8 and 10° £ lon, and 41 and
42° N lat. Onthe 3 it is feparated from
Sardinia, by the ftrait of Bonifacio; to
the £ it has the Tufean Sea; to the x
the gulf of Genoa; and to the w it is
oppofite the coafts of France and Spain,
It is 150 miles from N to s, and trom
40 to so in breadth. It was known to
the ancient Greeks by the names of Cal-
lifta and Cyrnus, and to the Romans by
its prejent appellation. On the coalt are
many excellent harbours. It is moun-
tainous, but fruitful vallies are inter-
fperfed; and it has fome fine lakes and
rivers. With relpect to products, Cor-
fica has nothing peculiar to itfelf; but
in the earlieft times it has been famous
for its iwarms of bees, and produces ¥aft
quantities of honey, which, however, is
reckoned bitter, on account of the box
and yew with which the country abounds,
Atter many revolutions, this ifland was,
fer fome centuries, under the dominion
of the Genoele, whofe tyranny was fuchy
that the Corficans were almoft in a per-
petual {tate of infurrection. In 1736,
a German adventurer, ‘Theodore baron
Newhoff, brought fome affiftance to
them, and, on his affurances of more
powerful aid, they elected. him king;
but, as he could not fubftantiate his pro-
inifes, he was obliged to leave the ifland.
Re come to England, was thrown into
the Fleet priton, releafed by an a€t of
infolvency (alter having regiftered his
kingdom of Corfica for the benefit of
his creditors) and fuffered to die in ex-
treme indigence. ‘The Genoefe, tired of
the conteft, fold the fovereigaty to France
in 17673 and the celebrated Paoli, whe
had been elected to the chief command,
in 1755, was obliged to abandon the
ifand in +76g.. Atter the French revo-
lution in 1789, Corfica was admitted as
an eiehty-third department of Franee,
at the particular reqvelt of a deputatix
of which Paoli was at the head.
coniequence, however, of fome events
|
—
which ‘fi
Paoli rey
ance of
the ifjan
june x74
crown ¢
new CO}
vioully
town; |
\fland,
Cory
the W
penin’u
good h:
tended
ge 12.2
Cor
fica, 2
ment og
the vi
‘agreeal
which
crown
partly
elivity
the TF
oint
the b.
svhich
elimb
go all
x
é Lon.
Co
bifhop
miilliie
Co
a but
32 mM
lat. 4
Cc
Gali
It is
boat:
mow
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8 rg
Cc
Azc
cro
wih
feed
q
poo
rire
ot
COR
whith followed the revolution of 1792,
Paoli revolted; the French, by the aft.
ance of the Englith, were expelled from
the illand; and Corfica, on the roth of
June 1794, was declared annexed to the
crown of Great Britain, according to a
new conititution, which had been pre-
viewly formed. Battia is the largeit
town; but Corte, in the centre of the
Wand, is rcckoned the capital.
CorsoeR, a town of Denmark, on
the w ide of the ile of Zealand, ona
peninfula, in the Great Belt. It has a
good harbour for light veilels, and is de-
tended by a citadel. Lon. rr ra ky Jat.
S512 N.
Corrs, the prefent capital of Cor-
fica, as Baltia was under the govern-
ment of the Genoeie. It is the jeat of
the viceroy and parliament of Corfica,
‘agreeably to the conftitution of 1794, by
which that kingdom was annexed to the
crown of Great Britain. It is feated
partly on the toot, and partly on the de-
clivity of a rock, at the confluence of
the ‘Favignano and Reftcnica. On the
point of arock, rifing above the reft, at
the back of the town, is the caftle,
which has only one winding paffage to
climb up, in which only two perfons can
go abrea@. It is 27 miles sw of Paitia.
Lon. 9 26 £, lat. 42 6.N.
Corris, a town of Germany, in the
bifhopric of Liege, 10 miles Ng of Ra-
millies. Lon. 4. 59 fy lat. 50 46 .N.
CoRTONA, a town of Tufcany, with
a bithop’s fee, and a famous academy,
32 miles £ of Sienma. Lon. rr 52 wy,
lat. 43 20K.
Corunna, a feaport of Spain, in
Galicia, at the mouth of the Groyne.
It is the Ration of the Spanifh packet-
boats, which have failed hence to Fal-
mouth, and back again, ever fince the
cammencement of the prefent war. Lon,
8 ro Wy, lat. 44.13 N.
Corvo, the finale ifland of the
1
Aroves, fo called frem the abundanée of
crows found upon it. It has olwut Coo
inhabitants, who culliyate wheat and
feed hogs. Lon. 34 6 Wy lity 4 4a Ne
CORYVREKAN, a diungerous withil.
pool on the w coal of Scotland, between
the ifle of Searba and the » poine of that
of yura. Itis fo named from a young
Hanith prince, who perified in this place:
its dreadful yortex extends above a mile
m circuit. Many finuller whirlpools and
rapid currents are found in this neigh.
bourhood; dangerous ta thofe who are
trangers to the coaft,
Corscna, an iflcnd in he gulf of Ve-
OA OANWERL YY eke AM
Met Wheres
COT
nice, on the coaft of Dalmatia. Lon. 17
©, lat. 43 16 .N.
CosENnza, a city of Naples, capital
of Calabria Citeriore, with an arch-
bishop's fee, and a calile. It is feated
on the river Crate, xs1 miles from the
fea, and r0g SE of Naples. Lon. 16
20 Fy late 39 20 N.
CosLin, a town of Pruffian Pomera-
nia, 10 miles £ of Colberg.
CosNz, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Nievre and late province of
Nivernois. Anchors for fhips are torged
here; and its cutlery and gloves are much
elteemed. It is feated at the confluence
of the Loire and Noain, 88 miles s of
Paris. Lon. 3 6 £, lat. 47 23 N.
Cossacs,.a people inhabiting the
confines of Poland, Ruffla, Tartary, and
Turkey. “hey are divided into the
Rofakki-fa-Parovi, the Kofakki-Dontki,
and the -Uralian Coffacs. ‘Thefe people
are large and well-made, have blue eyes,
brown hair, aad aqueline notes; the
wonien are handfoine, well fhaped, and
complaifant to ftrangers. The Uralian
Cofllacs dwell in villages, along the
banks of the Ural, and their chief towu
is Uralik, The country which the
Kofakki-fa-Pavovi inhabit, is called the
Ukraine; and their towns are built of
wood, after the manner of the Ruffians.
The Kofakki-Donfki dwell on both fides
of the Don; are under the protection of
Ruftia, and profefs the fame religion,
See UKRaiNE and URaLian Cossacs,
COSsIMBAZAR, a city of Hindooftan
Proper, in Bengal. It has beeh ar all
times the refidence of the different Ey-
ropean factors; this being the centre of
their trade. It is feated on an ifland,
in Hoogly River, tro miles n of Calcutta.
Lon. &5 22 E, lat. 23 40 N.
COSTAGNAZZAR, the Nigheit moun-
tain of Turkey in Europe, in Romania,
anciently called Hoemus. ,
Costa Rica, a province of N Arme-
rica, in New Spain, bounded on the Np
by the gulf of Mexico, on the sw by tise
Pacific Ocean, on the Nw by Nicarie us
and on the SE by Vel 2UzS, Net ‘Car
thaye is the capital.
Corhus, a town of Lower Lulatis
fubject to the king of Prnijia. Here
are a great number ef French protet-
tants, who have introduced their manu.
¥
faétures; and it is noted for excellent
heer, pitch, and the cultivation of fax.
It is feated on the river Spree, 60 miles
S by £ of Berlin, Lon, 14.14 B, lat. «a
CorTé D'OR, a department of France,
COU
containing part of the late province of
Burgundy. Dijon is the capital.
Cores nu Norp, a department of
France, {o named from its northerly ma-
ritime pofition. It contains part of the
late province of Bretagne. St. Brieux is
the capital.
CoTiGNrIAac, a town of France, in the
department of Var and late province of
Provence, on the river Argens. It is ta-
mous for {weetineats.
CoOTESWOLD, or COTSWOLD HILLS,
a long tract of high ground in the £ part
of Gloucefterfhire. It affords in many
places a fine fhort grafs for the feed of
theep, .aud others are devoted to the
growth of corn. The fides of this long
range are beautiful as they fink into the
vale, from the hills of Stinchcomb and
Nibley in the s, to that of Bredon in the
nN, which has been celebrated in ancient
rhyme.
Coucy, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aifne, nine miles N of Soil-
fons. Lon. 3 13 £, lat. 49 31 N.
COVENTRY, a city in Warwickhhire,
which, with Lichfield, is a bifhop’s fee.
Its market is on Friday. It is a county
of itfelf, governed by a mayor, and fends
two member's to parliament. It has three
parifh-churches, two freefchools, and
feverai hofpitals. The houfes being moftly
old, and built of wood and plafter, with
ftories projecting over each other, make
a mean appearance. It had very early
a great trade in various articles of ma-
nutacture, as cloths, ftuffs, thread, &c.
At prefent, its principal branch is that of
filk ribands: fome gauzes, camblets, and
lattings are alfo made here. It has a
communication with the Staffordfhire
Grand Trunk, by a canal to Fradley ;
and by ancther canal, which joins the
Oxford canal at Brauniton, it has a
communication with the Thames. Co-
ventry is 91 miles nw of London, Lon.
128 Wy, lat. 52 28 N.
COVOERDEN, a town of the United
Provinces, in Overyflel, with a fortrefs in
the marthes, ftrong both by nature and
art. It is 35 miles Ne of Deventer.
Lon. 6 35 £, lat. 52 46 N.
CouRLanD, a duchy of TFurope,
bounded on the n by the Baltic, on the
E by Livonia, and on the s and w by
Poland. It is divided into Courland
Proper and Semigallia, and is 250 miles
fony, vid 4o broad. The country {wells
inte gentle hills, and is fertile in corn,
hemp, and flax. It is moftly open; but
in tome parts there are forefts of pine
and tir, and groves of gak, It is nomi-
CRA
nally a feudatory province of Poland,
but, in reality, depend: ¢ on Ruffia.
Mittau is the capital.
CourTray, a town of the Auftrian
Netherlands, on the river Lis, 12 miles
E of Ypres. It has been often taken and
retaken; the laft time by the French in
April 1794. Lon. 3 6 £, lat. 50 so N.
COUSERANS, a late province of France,
lying along the river Satat, and forming,
with Foix, the department of Arriege.
CouTances, a feaport of France, in
the department of the Channel and late
province of Normandy, with a bifhop’s
fee, and a fine cathedral. It is 22 miles
n of Avranches. Lon. 1 23 £, lat. 4g
3 N.
CouTras, a town of France, in the
department of Dordogne and late pro-
vince of Perigord, feated on the Dordogne,
20 miles NE of Bourdeaux. Lon.o 3 Ww,
lat. 40 4.N.
CowBRIDGE, a corporate town in
Glamorganfhire, with a market on Tuef-
day. It is called, by the Welfh, Pont-
Van, from the ftone bridge over the river,
which foon after falls into the Briftol
Channel. The ftreets are broad and.
paved ; and here the affizes for the count 7
are held, It is 12 miles w of Cardiff
and 176 of London. Lon. 3 33 w, lat.
51 28 N.
Cowes, a feaport, on the NE fide of
the ifle of Wight, eight miles sw of
Portfmouth. Lon.1 1§ w, lat. 50 46 N.
CorLan. See QUILON.
CozuMEL, an ifland of N America, on
the E coaft of Yucatan, where Cortez
landed, and refrefhed his troops, before he
attempted the conquelt of Mexico. It
abounds with fruits, pulfe, cattle, and
fowls, The original natives poffefs this
ifland, but are fubje&t to Spain.
CraBIstanp. See Boriquen,
CRACATOA, the fouthernmolt of a
clufter of iflands in the entrance of the
{traits of Sunda. It confifts of elevated
land, gradually rifing on all fides from the
fea, and is covered with trees, except a
tew fpots, which have been cleared by the
natives for the purpofe of forming rice-
fields. "The population is confiderable,
and its coral reefs afford fimall turtles in
abundance. Lon.105 56 £, lat. 6s.
Cracow, a city, formerly the capital
of Poland, where the kings were eleéted
and crowned. It was once almeft the
centre of the Polifh dominions, but, fince
the partition of Poland in 1774, it is be-
come a frontier town. It has a mmiver-
fity, founded by Cafimer the Great, and
ence called the Mother of Polish Litera.
ture; bu
moval of
Ona rock
royal pa
and old t
citadel.
within tl
mott of
terred.
occupy
tearcely
great {q
and ina
hand{onr
bears the
devaitati
1702, WI
It has e€
ring the
having
Ruflians
the gen
T7g4, 4
“ufurpers
ciulco,
gents
this cit
but ha
the prot
rendere
june.
miles $
Jat. so
CRA
smiles $!
queen 6
trom P:
were lo
called J
CRA
mouth
sE of S
56 15 |
CRA
Carnic
of Lay
CR:
burgh:
fevera
Linlit
ot Fo
mond,
of as
CRA
ture; but its luftre declined after tke re-
moval of the royal refidence to Warfaw.
Ona rock near the Viftula, is the ancient
royal palace, furrounded by brick walls
and old towers, which form a kind of
citadel. Adjoining, is the cathedral,
within the walls of the citadel, in which
mott of the fovereigns of Poland are in-
terred. Though the city and fuburbs
occupy a vat traé of ground, they
fearcely contain 18,000 inhabitants. ‘he
great fquare is {pacious and well-built,
and many of the ftreets are broad and
handfome; but almoit every building
bears the mark of ruined grandeur. This
devattation was begun by the Swedes in
1702, when it was taken by Charles xu.
It has experienced greater calaniities du-
ring the commoticas of the prefent reign ;
having been taken and retaken by the
Ruffians and the confederates. When
the general infurrecticn broke out, in
1794, againft the Pruffian and Ruffian
“ufurpers of the Polith territory, Hof:
ciufco, the chief of the patriotic infur-
gents, expelled the Ruffian garriicn trom
this city, on the 24th of March, 1794;
but having marched, in the fequel, to
the protection of Wartaw, Cracow fur-
rendered to the Pruflians, on the 15th of
june. It is feated on the Viftula, 130
miles ssw of Wariaw. Lon. 19 50 £,
Jat. so 10 N.
CRAIGMILLAR, aruinous cattle, two
‘miles se of Edinburgh, in which Mary
queen of Scots refided, after ber return
trom Paris, in 1562. Her Frenchretinue
were lodged in an adjacent village, thence
called Little France.
Crait, a borough in Fifehhire, at the
rhouth of the {rith of Forth, feven miles
SE of St. Andrew’s. Lon. 2 36 w, lat.
66 TSN.
CRAINBURG, a town of Germany, in
Carniola, on the river Save, 20 miles Nw
of Laubach. Lon. 14 5 &, lat..46 36 N.
CRAMMOND Warer,a river in Edin-
burghfhire, called aiio the Almond. For
feveral miles it divides this county from
Linlithgowfhire, and falls into the frith
of Forth, at the fmall village of Cram-
mond, a place remarkable tor the traces
of a great Roman ftation.
CRANBOURN, a town in Dorfetthire,
with a market on Wednefday. It is well
watered with ftreams, and has a fine
chafe, which extends almoft to Salitbury.
It is 38 miles Ne of Dorchefter, and gq.
w of London. Lon. 1 51 w, lat. 50
54 N.
CRANBROOK, a town in Kent, with
a market on Saturday, 13 miles_s of
CRE
Maidftone, and 52 sz of J.undon. Lon,
© 39 E, lat. 51 4.N.
CRANGANORE, a town and fort on
the coaft of Malabar, lately fubjeét to
the Dutch, by whom it was taken fron
the Portuguefe in 1662. In 1789, the
Dutch fold this place to the rajah of Tra-
vancore. But ‘Tippoo Sultan, regent of
Myiore, difputing their right to fell it,
a war en‘ued between that prince and the
rajah, who being {tpported by the Eng-
lith, and their allies, the nizam of the
Jeccan and the Mahrattas, the war was
terminated in 17923; Tippoo contenting
to pay three crores of rupees, toward the
expences of the war, and to cede one half
of his dominions to the three confederate
powers. Cranganore js feated at the
mouth of a river, 24 miles N by w of
Cochin. Lon. 76 308, lat. 10 23.
CraTo, a town of Portugal, in Alen-
teioc, feven miles £ of Portalegra, It has
29 parifhes under its jurifdiction, befide
the capital priory belonging to thé order
of Mata. Lon. 7 20 w, lat. 49 6N.
Crecy,or Cressy, avillageof France,
in the department of the Straits of Calais
and late prevince of Picardy, remarkable
for the victory over the French, gained
by Edward 111, in 1346. It is 32 miles $
by £ of Calais.
CREDITON, a town in Devonhhire,
with a market on Saturday. The church
is a hand{ome ftructure, built in the form
of a cathedral, to which belongs a free-
{chool, The town was almcft all de-
ftroyed by'fire in 1743, It has a confi.
derable manutature of ierges, and is
feated between two hills, 12 miles nw
of Exeter, and 181 W by N of London.
Lon. 3 45 W, lat. 50 4.9 N.
CREEK or MuskoGEr InpIaAns, the
moft numerous tribe of Indians of any
within the limits of the United States.
They inhabit the middle parts of Georgia.
Their whole number is 17,289, of which
5,860 are warriors. ‘Their principal
towns lic in lon. 86 28 wy, lat. 32 oN.
The country abounding with creeks and
rivulets. they thence derive their name,
CreeTrown, a finall port of Scotland,
on the £ fide of Wigton Bay, in Kirk-
cudbrightihire. Here feveral floops are
conttantly employed in carrying feafhells
coattwife, or importing coal and lime froin
Cumberland. ‘The fhells are dug from
banks without the feamark, and are
efteemed a valuable manure.
CREIFF, a town in Perththire, with an
annual fair for cattle, one of the preateft
in Scotland. It is feated on the Earn, 20
miles w of Perth,
L
=
See et
ee
CRE
Crerz, a town of France, in the de-
artment of Oile and late province of the
Tie of France, feated on the Oife, five
miles gc of Senlis. Lon. 2 43 £, lat. 49
13N.
CrEMA, a town of Italy, capital of
Cremaico, with a bifhop’s fee. It is
feated on the Serio, 20 miles N of Pla-
centia. Lon.g 50 £, lat. 4525 N.
CREMIU, a town of France, in the
department of Ifere and late province of
Dauphiny. It is feated at the feot of a
mountain, near the Rhone, 20 iniles NE
of Vienne. Lon. 5 20 £,. lat. 45 44.N.
CREMNiTZ, the principal mine-town
of Upper Hungary, 70 miles NE of Pret-
burg. Lon. 19 6k, lat. 48 32 N.
CREMONA, an ancient town of Italy,
capital of the Cremonefe, with a cattle,
a bifhop’s fee, and a univerfity. ‘The
ftrects are broad and ftraight, the houtes
well-built, the churches handfome, and
the {quares large. In 1702, prince Eu-
gene introduced a body of troops by a
jubterranean pafiage, furprifed and took
prifoner marfhal Villeroy, and, but for
an accident, would have taken the town.
It has been feveral times taken and re-
taken; and it. furvendered to the French
in May 1796. It is feated on the Po,
30 miles nw of Parma. Lon.-9 58 £,
lat. 45 8.N.
CREMONESE, a territory of Italy, in
the duchy of Milan, bounded on the B by
Mantua, on the n by Brefeiano, on the
w by Cremaico, and on the s by Parma.
It is fertile in wine and fruits, and be-
longs to the houfe of Auftria. Cremona
is the capital.
CREMPEN, a town of Germany, in the
duchy of Holftein, five miles from Ham-
burgh.
CRESCENTINO, 2 towu of Piedmont,
on the river Po. It .vas taken by the
French in 1704, and by the allies in 1706.
ft is zo miles Ne of Turin. Lon. 8 ok,
lat. 45 20 N.
CRreEsPy, a town of France, in the de-
artment ot Oii¢ and late province of the
File of France, 17 miles s of Compiegne.
Lon. 2 558, lat. 49 10 X.
CRESsY. See CrRecy.
CREET, a town of France, in the «
partinent of Drome and late province «
Dauphiny, featedon the Drome, 15 miles
sz of Valence. Lon. 5 26 E, lat. 44
40 N.
CREVECOEUR, a town of France, in
the department of the North and late pro-
vince of Cambrelis, feated on the Scheld,
Ave miles s of Cambray. bon. 9 20.25
lit, 59 6 8.
CRI
CREVECOEUR, a town and fort of
Dutch Brabant, at the confluence of the
Dommel with the Maefe, four miles nw
of Bois-le-Duc. It was taken by the
French in 1794.
CrEusE, a department of France, fo
named from a river that, falls into the
Vienne. It contains the late province of
Marche. Gueret is the capital.
CREUTZNACH, a town of Germany, in
the circle of the Lower Rhine, with a
caftle, on an eminence. On Dec. 151795,
it was takcu by the French, retaken by
the Auftrians, and again taken by the
former. It is feated on the Nahe, over
which is a ftone bridge, 20 miles sw of
Mentz. Lon.7 55 £, lat. 49 44.N.
CREWKERNE, atown in Somerfethhire,
with a market on Saturday. It is feated
near a branch of the Parret, 25 miles s of
Wells, and 132 wsw of London. Lon.
3 0W, lat. 50 50 N.
CRICKHOWEL, .a town in Brecknock-
fhixe, with a market on Thurfday. It
is feated on the river Uik, 10 miles sE of
Brecknock, and 149 w by N of London,
Lon. 37 W, lat. 51 49 N.
CRICKLADE,a borough in Wilts, with ©
a market on Saturday. It is almoft fur-
rounded by the Thames; and is 25 miles —
w by s of Oxford, and $3 w by N at
London. Lon. x 50 w, lat. 51 38 N.
Crimea, or Crim TARTARY, the
ancient Taurica Cherfonefus, a peninfula
in Afia, bounded on the s and w by the
Black Sea; on the Nn by the province of
Catharinentlaf, with which it communi-
cates by the ifthmus of Perekop; and on
the s by the fea of Afoph and the ftrait
of Catfa. Toward the end of the 11th
century, the Genoele fettled in this coun-
try; but they were expelled by the Tar-
tars in 14.74. SeeCarra. ‘Thefe Tartars
had beem fettled in the Crimea above two
centuries before the expulfion of the Ge-
noefe. They were fubjects of Batu Khan,.
grandion of Zingis; and their. conqueft
was annexed to the kingdom of Kafan,
till the death of Tamerlane in 1400, when
Edegai Khan, an officer of that prince,
took podeffion of it, and was fucceeded
by Deulet Gherat, in whofe family the
foverelgnty continued till the prefent cen:
tury. ‘The khans, however, were vaflals,
or tributary to the Turks, till the year
1774, when their independency was ftipu-
lated in the treaty of Cainargi. In 1783,
the Ruffians took pofleffion of the country
with an army; the following year, it was
ceded to them by the Turks; and the
peaceable pofiefion of the whole was fe~
cured to them in 37915 by _ ceflion of
the fortr
feems to
for {upe
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world.
the tw
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in 1784
Cro
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19 27
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France
and |:
feated
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CR
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CRO
the fortrefs of Oczakow. This poffeffion
feems to have decided for ever the conteft
for {uperiority between the rival courts of
Peterfburgh and Conftantinople. The
Crimea is divided into two parts, by
mountains which rung and Ww. Then
divition is flat, poor, and fit for pafturage
only. In the s parts, the vallies are
altcnifhingly productive, and the climate
extremely mild, trom the exclufion of
thofe violent winds by which the N_ divi-
fion is frequently incommeded., The
Jower hills, extending from Caffa to the
E extremity of the country, are princi-
pally ufed in gardening, and produce ex-
cellent fruit. Belide the ports of Kerth
and Jenikale, the road of Caffa, and the
harbour of Baluclava, there is, near Se-
baftapol, one of the fineft harbours in the
world. The Crimea now torms one of
the two provinces of the government of
Catharinenflaf, under the name of Tau-
rida: in fome late maps it is called Tau-
rica. Achmetichet was made the capital
in 1785.
Croatia, a province of Hungary,
bounded on the n by Sclavonia, on the
E by Boinia, on the s by Dalmatia and
the gulf of Venice, and on the w by
Carniola. The greateft part of it belongs
to the houfe of Auftria. Carlftadt is the
capital. ,
Croia, a town of Albania, with a
bifhop’s fee, feated near the gulf of
Venice, 13 miles NE of Durazzo. Lon.
19 27 Ey lat. 42 6N.
Croisic, or CrorsiL, a town of
France, in the department of Lower Loire
and late province of Bretagne. It is
feated on the bay of Biicay, between the
mouths of the Loire and Vilaine, 35 miles
w of Nantes. Lon. 2 31 w, lat. 47 17.
Croix, St. a river of N America,
which forms the NE -boundary of the
United States, and falls into the bay of
Fundy.
CROMACK-WATER, a lake of Cum-
berland, between Buttermere-water and
Lowes-water, with each of which it is
conneéted by the river Cocker. It is four
‘miles long, and near half a mile over;
beautified with three fmall ifles, one of
them a rock. At the NE corner, is a
handfome -ftone bridge of four arches over
its outlet, the Cocker. It abounds with
very fine char and red trout.
CROMARTY, a county of Scotland,
which comprehends part of a peninfulaon
the s fide of the frith to which it gives
name. On the s and w it is bounded by
Rofsthire. It is.12 miles from £ to w,
and three is its greateft breadth. It ie
CRO
fertile and well-cultivated; and fends one
member to parliament, alternately with
Nairne.
Cromarty, the capital of the fhire
of Cromarty, at the mouth of the frith
of the fame name. This borough has
a manufacture of coarfe cloth, and a con-
fiderable coafting trade in corn, thread,
yarn, fith, and fkins of various forts.
It is 16 miles N of Invernefs, Lon. 3 53
W, lat. 57 44.N. ;
CROMER, a town in Norfolk, with
a market on Saturlay. It is feated near
the German Ocean, and formerly had
two churches, one of which, with feveral
houfes, was {wallowed up by the Iea.
The inhabitants are now chiefly fifhermen ;
and the beft lobfters, on this part of the
coaft, are taken here. It is 22 miles N
of Norwich, and 127 NE of London.
Lon. 1 15 W, lat. 53 oN.
CromForD, a village in Derbyhhire,
on the river Derwent, two miles N of
Wirkfworth. Here Mr. (afterward fir
Richard) Arkwright erected fome of the
new cotton-mills, a capital improvement
of mechanifm due to him; by means of
which the various branches of the cotton
rnanufacture have wonderfully fpread in
this and the adjacent counties. Here alfo
he built a ioble feat, and a church.
CRONACH, a town of Germany, in the
bifhopric of Bamberg, with a citadel, 25
miles NE of Bamberg. Lon. 11 35 Ey
lat. 50 27 N.
CRONBORG, a fortrefs of Denmark,
on the ifle of Zealand, near Elfinore, which
guards the paflage of the Sound. In this
tortrefs is a palace, in which the unfor-
tunate queen Matilda was imprifoned till
fhe was permitted to retire to Zell. Not
far from this, is Hamlet’s Garden, faid
to be the {pot where the murder of his
father was perpetrated. Lon. 12 54 Ep»
lat. 56 o N.
CRONENBURG, a town of Germany,
in the landgravate of Hefle Caffel, with a
caftle. It is feated at the foot of a moun-
tain, ro miles N of Francfort on the
Maine. Lon. 8 40 £, lat. 49 55 N.
CRONSTADT, a town and fortrefs of
Ruffia, on the ifland of Retufari, in the
gulf of Finland. It has a good harbour,
which is the ftation of the Ry ian fleet,
and great magazines of naval ftores, a8
well as docks and yards for building
fhips,. It is 12 miles w of Peterfburg.
Lon. 20.582, lat. 59 56.N.
CRONSTADT, a townof Tranfylvania.
See Brassaw.
Crosss¥yea town of Silefia, capital
of a principality of ew fame name, at the
; 2
I
Hi
tie
a oe
a
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o
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CUB
confluence of the Boba, and Oder, in a
country abounding with wine and fruit.
The bridge over the Oder is fortined;
and it is 35 miles Nw of Glogaw. Lon.
15 49 E, lat. 52 5 N.
CroTona, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Citeriore, on the gulf of laranto,
with a bifhop’s fee, and a citadel, 1
miles sg of St. Severina. Lon:17 27 ¥,
Tat. 39 9 N.
Croven, a river in Efex, which
rifes near Horndon, and falls into the
German Ocean, between Buinham and
Foulnefs Hand. ‘The Walfleet and
Burnham oyflers are the product of its
creeks and pits.
CROWLAND, a town in Lincolnfhire,
with a market on Saturday. It is feated
in the fens, and had formerly an abbey of
" great note. ‘There is no coming at it but
by narrow caufeways, which will not ad-
mit a cart. It has three ftreets, feparated
from each other by watercourfes, whole
banks are Supported by piles, and fet with
willow-trees. The chief trade is in fith
and wild fowl, which are plentiful in the
adjacent pools ‘and marfhes. It is ra
miles N of Peterborough, and 93 N by w
of London. Lon.o 10 Ww, lat. 52 41 Ne
Croypon, a town in Surry, witha
market on Saturday. It is feated near
the fource of the Wandle, and has an
hofpital and freefchool, founded by arch-
bifhop Whitgift. In the church are
many fine monuments of the archbifhops
ef Canterbury, who had here an ancient
palace, which was alienated trom the fee,
by virtue of an act of parliament, in
t780: the building, and adjoining pre-
mifes, are now occupied by fome manu-
actures. Croydon is nine miles s of
London. Lon,o 1 W, lat. 51 20 N.
CRUXHAVEN, a fimail feaport of Ger-
many, in the N part of the duchy of
Bremen, feated at the mouth of the Elbe,
70 miles Nw of Hamburg.
Cusa, an ifland of the W Indies, at
the entrance of the gulf of Mexico, 700
miles in length, and 87 in breadth. It
was difcovered by Columbus, in 1492.
‘The Spaniards are entircly mafers of it,
having extirpated the natives. The foil
fs not entremely fertile; but there are
paftures fufficient to teed a great number
of fheép and hogs, which weve originally
brought hither. There are feveral forts
of mines in the:‘mountains, and forefts full
of game. ‘The produce is fugar-canes,
ginger, cafSa, wild cinnamon, and very
good tobacco, called by the Spaniards Ci-
arros ‘Fhe hills run through the mid-
le of the ifland from E to w, but .ngar
ae aay
Ka od rt et ed
(Bae id «Ma ,
a’
s
CUL
the coaft the land is generally level; and
many rivulets flow srom the hills to the
Nand s. ‘This illand was taken by the
Englifh in 1761, but reftored by the peace
of 1763. Itis 75 miles N of Jamaica,
and Havannah is the capital.
Cuba, or ALCUs >, a town of Portu-
gal, in Alentejo, 36 imics 6 by EB oF
Evora. Lon.7 10 w, lat. 38 ON.
CusBacua, a barren illand of 8 Ame-
rica, between that of Margaretta and
Terra Firma. Here the Spaniards, in
1509, eltablifhed a fifhery of pearls, in
diving for which they employed the In-
dians; a dangerous and unhealthy fervice,
which, in addition to their other calami-
ties, contributed not a little to the ex-
tingtion of that umhappy race. Lon. 54
30 W, lat. ro rg N,
CuBan, a large river, formed by the
junction of many fireams that rife in the
countries between the Black Sea and the
Calpian. It divides the Abkhas and
Circaflians trom part of Tautica, and
falls into the Black Sea.
CuBAN or CUBAN TARTARY, a coun-
try of Afia, in the Ruffian province of
Taurica; bounded on the w by the fea of
f\foph; on the Nn by the river Don, which
feparates it from Purepes on the E by
the deiert of Aftracan; and on the s by
the river Cuban, which divides it from
Circaffia and the country of the Abkhas.
CUCKFIELD, a town in Suflex, with
a market on Friday, 13 miles NW of
Lewes, and 40s by w of London, Lon.
O12 Wy, lat. 51 4N.
CUDDALORE, a town on the coaft of
Coromandel, belonging to the Eng!ith,
very near the place where Fort St. David
once ftood. It was taken by the French
in 17813 and, in 1783, it {tood a fevere
fiege againft the Englifh, which was ended
by the intelligence received of the peace.
It is 80 miles s of Madras. Lon. 79 45
E, lat.11 41 N.
Cuppapa, a town of the peninfula of
Hindoottan, ceded by Tippoo Sultan te
the nizagy of the Deccan. It is feated on
the Pennar, 95 miles w by N of its cn-
trance, a Gangapatnam, into the bay of
Bengal, and 140 NW of Madras. Lon.
78 47 E, lat. 14 3 Ne
CUENZA, a town of Spain, in New
Caitile, with a bifhop’s fee, on the river
Xucar, 74 miles £ by s of Madrid. Lon.
155 W, lat.4o7N.
CULEMBACH, a town of Franconia,
capital of a margravate of the fame name,
withacitadel. It is feated on the Maine,
25 miles NE of Bamberg. Lon. 11 33
E; lat. 50 11 Ne
name.
fornia.
Near it
Scotia
which
deciii
Cu
CUM CUR
CULEMBURG, a town of Dutch Guel- fupply all Europe. The Skiddaw is the
derland, onthe river Leck, 12 miles sg principal mountain; and the chief’ rivers
of Utrecht. It was taken, in 1672, by arethe Eden and Derwent. This count
the French, who cifinantled it two years and the adjoining one of Weftmorland,
after. Lon. 5 12 8, lat. 51 58 N. are celebrated for their lakes, which have
CuLIACAN, a town of N America, in been repeatedly deferibed by the pn and
Mexico, capital of a province of the fame pencil. ‘The lakes in Cumberland are the
namie. It is oppofite che s end of Cali- Derwent-water, Balfenthwaite-water, Bute
fornia. Lon. 108 5 Wy hat. 240N. termere-water, Cromack-water, Lowes.
CuLLen, a royal borbugh on the coaft water, Uls-water, Weft-water, Enner-
of Banttshire, 4o miles NW of Aberdeen. dale-water, Elder-water, Broad-water,
Near it are feen three lofty {piriny rocks, &c. Carlifle is the capita).
formed of flinty matles, called the Three CUMBE#LAND, a county of Penn{yl-
inings of Cullen, Lon. 2 40 w, lat. 57 vania, 37 miles long, and 28 broad. In
40N, 1790, it contained 18,243 inhabitants.
CuLtitron, a town in Devonthire, Carlifle is the capital.
with a market on Thurfday, feated on CuMmpray, Great and Lirrre, two
the Cully, 17 miles £ of Exeter, and 14 i ands in the frith of Clyde, to the £ of
w by s of London. Lon. 3 6 w, lac. the ifle of Bute. ‘The former is remarks
50 46 N. able tor itseexccllent frecitone quarries,
CuLLopen Muir, a. wide heath, in and the ruins of an ancient cathedral de-
Scotland, three miles E of Inveinefs, on dicated to St. Columba. Upon the latter
which the duke of Cumberland gained a is a lighrhoute.
decifin« -ttcory over the rebels, in 1746. CUNNINGHAM, the moft northerly di-'
Cutivempron, SeeCoLumpron, Vilion or Ayrthire. The nw angle of
Cuu.',a town of Weltern Pruifia, with this diftriét, though mountainous, affords
a bithop’s fee, feated newr the Viltula, 60 rich patturage. .
miles s of Dantzic. Lon. 18 308, lat. Cupar, a royal borough in Fifethire,
53 24.N. : . and the county-town, It is feated ina
Cuumore, atown of Ireland, in the rich valley onthe Nn fide of the Eden,
county of Londonderry, {eated onthe coatt eight miles wsw of St. Andrew's. Lon,
of Loughfoyle, five miles N of London- 2 55 w, lat. 5615.
A ensign pl 2
}
¢
bounded on the N by Scotland; on the & of ancient Affyria. Some of the inha-
derry. Lon. 7 3 w, lat. 55 8 N. CurRACAO, an ifland of § America, to |
Cuxross, a borough on the frith of the N of Terra Firma, fubje&t to the if
. Forth, in a traét of country between Dutch. It is 25 miles in length, and 12 a
: Clackmannanfhire and Kinroisfhire,which in breadth, and its trade confifts in fugar a)
of is reckoned an appenslage of the county and fkins. The principal town is Sr: i |
i of Perth... It is remarkable for an an- Peter, at the NE extremity of the ifland. | i
a cient aay or abbey, faid to have been Lon. 69 15 w, lat. 12 22N. | Hh
‘i built by Malcolm Canmorn. Len.3 34 CuRpbisTan, a country af Afia, feated t yf
i" w, lat. 56 4.N. between the Turkifh empire and Perfia,’ i
d Cumana. See CoMANa. lying along the eaftern coaft of the river a
: CUMBERLAND, a county of England, Tigris, and comprehending great part i
5 by Northumberland, Durham, and Weft- bitants live in towns and Villages, and if
morland ; on the s by Lancafhire; and others rove from place to place, having F
; on the w by the Ivifh Sea and Solway tents like the wild Arabs, and being rob- ‘
‘i Frith. It is 70 miles from sw to NE, bers like them. Their religion is partly i
and 50 from £ to W where it ifbroadeft. Chriitianity and partly Mahometanifm.
C It lies in the diocefes of Cheftér and Car- ©Curra-MAria, an iftand on the coaft
lifle; contains une city, 14 market-towns, of Arabia Felix, oppofite the mouth of
and go parifhes; and fends fix members the river Prim. © Lon.’ 55 25 £, lat. 17
. to parliament. The air is cold and oN,
piercing, yet le's than might be expetted © CurRsoLrers, a finall ifland of Liva-
trom its being fituate fo far north. The dia, in the gulf of Patras, formerly called
mountains feed large flocks of fheep, Echanades.
whole fleth is particularly {weet and good, | Curzona, an ifland in the gulf of
and the vallies producecorn, &c. ‘lchere Venice, on the coaft of Dalmatia, about
are mines of coal, lead, copper, lapis 20 miles long. It beiongs to the Vene-
calaminaris, and black lead; the latter tians, and has a town of the fame name;
of which is almoft peculiar tc this county, with a bifhop’s fee. Lon.17 15 &, lat: -
which.contains more than is fufhcient to 3 6N. :
a eee a
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
CZA
. Cuswat, a river of N Carolina, which
empties itfelf into Albemarle Sound.
_CusszT, a town of France, in the de-
artment of Allier and late province of
ourbonnois, 17 miles N of Roanne.
Lon. 4 5 E, lat. 46 17 N.
CusTrin, the capital of the new
marche of Brandenburg, with a catftie,
feated at the confluencé of the Oder and
Warta. In 1760, it was bombarded and
reduced to afhes by the Ruffians. Cuftrin
is 46 miles — by N of Berlin. Lon. 14
40 BE, lat. 52 40 N.
Curass, the capital of Imeritia, and
the refidence of its fovereign. The re-
mains of its cathedral feem to prove that
it was once a confiderable place, but it
now {carcely deferves the name of a vil-
Ipge, Lon. 43 08, lat. 43 35 N.
_Ciircu, a territory ia. Hindooftan
Proper, governed by arajah, and fituate
on the sz of Sindy; the & branch of the
Indus feparating the two countries. It
extends along the N coait of the gulf of
Cutch, and is feparated from Guzerat by
the river Puddar. It abounds with hills,
‘woods, and fandy wilds. Its capital is
Boodge-boodge, ’
Cuzco, a town of Peru, formerly
the refidence of the incas. It is feated
at the foot of a mountain, and is built in
a fquare form, in the middle of which is
fit, ben, market in all America: four
large ftreets terminate in the {quare, which
are all as ftraight asaline. Jt contains
eight large parifhes, and five religious
houles, and the number of the inhabitants
is about 50,000, of which three-fourths
are the original Americans. | Streams of
water run through the town, which are a
at convenience in {fo hot a country,
where it feldom rains. It is 420 miles s
of Lima. Lon. 73 47 w, lat. 1208.
’ Cyprus, an ifland in the Mediterra-
nean, near the coaft of Syria. It was
taken by the Turks from the Venetians
in 1570. The foil is an excellent fertile
clay; and, if the natives were induftrious,
they might make it a paradife. ‘There is
one archbithop and three bifhops. The
Piicite are extremely ignorant, and they
ubmit to the moft fervile employment to
get money. The exports of the ifland
are filk, wool, and wine. Nicofia is the
capital.
Cyr, St, a village of France, two
miles from Verfailles, lately celebrated
for a nunnery founded ‘by Lewis xiv,
unde” the patronage of madame de Main-
tenon, who was herfelf the abbefs till her
death in 3719.
CZACKTHURN, a Rrong place of Auf.
DAC
tria, between the rivers Drave and Mu.
hir, roo miles s of Vienna. Lon. 17
10 E, lat. 46 44 N.
CZASLAU, a town of Bohemia, capital
of a circle of the fame name. Here js
the higheft tower in Bohemia, and near
this place the king of Pruffia gained a
vigtory over the Auftrians in 1742. It
is feated on the river Crudenka, 40 miles
sz of Prague. «Lon. 15 33 E; lat. 49
GON.
CzEensToxow, a town of Poland, in
Cracovia, with a fort, in which is kept
a rich treafure, called the Treafure of the
Virgin Mary. The pilgrims flock hither,
for the fake of a convent near it, called
the Loretto of Poland. The king of
Pruffia added this place to his dominions
in 1793, by a fecond partition of Poland.
It is feated on the river Watte, 50 miles
N by w of Cracow. Lon. 19 15 £, lat. 59
48 N.
Czrrcassi, a town of Ruffia, in the
Ukraine, with a caftle, feated near the
Dnieper, 85 miles sz of Kiow. Lon. 32
5 E, lat. 49 ON.
Czernic, a town of Carniola, re-
markable for its lake, which is 15 miles in
length, and five in breadth, and produces
fifh and corn every year; for, when the
waters fall from’ the mountains, it be-
comes full, and abounds with fith; and,
after fome time, it finks into the earth,
and then it is cultivated, and produces
rafs and corn. It is probable that there
is fome gulf to which the fith retire with
the waters. Lon. 15 08, lat. 46 6N,
CZERNIKOU, a town of Ruffia, capital
of a duchy of the fame name, with a
caftle. It is feated onthe Dezna, 70 mileés
N by £ of Kiow. Lon. 31 538, lat. 51
29 N.
" CzersKo, a town of Poland, on the
Viftula, 20 niles Nw of Warfaw. Lon, 2}
31 E, lat. 52 46 N.
CzoncropT, a town of Hungary,
capital of a territory of the fame name
at the confluence of the Teiffe and Keres,
13 miles N of Sagedin. Lon, 20 54 By
lat. 46 36 N.
-p.
ABUL, a town of the Deccan of
Hindooftan, on the coaf# of Con-
can, 75 miles s by wof Bombay. Len, 72
50 E, lat. 18 ON.
Dacca, a city of Hindooftan Proper,
in the B quarter of Bengal, and on a
branch of the Ganges, which communi-
cates with all the other inland nayiga-
DAH DAM
t Mu. tions. It is the provincial ‘capital of | Dataca, an ifland of the Red Sea,
pn. 17 this quarter, Indeed, within the prefent oppofite the coaft of Abex, 72 miles in
century, it has been the capital of all length, and 15 in breadth. It is fertile,
Bengal; and it is the third city of that populous, and remarkable for a peagl
country in point of extent and population. fifhery. The inhabitants are Negroes,
It has a vaft trade in muflins, and manu- and great enemies to the Mahometans.
fagtures the moft delicate ones among DALEBUNG, a town of Sweden, capj-
thofé which are moft fought after in Eu- tal of Dalia, on Lake Wenner, 50 miles r 4
rope: the cotton is produced within the nofGottenburg. Lon. 11 59 £, lat. §8 i
F
apital
cre js
1 near
ned a
Zz. It
miles
at. 49
rovince. The country round Dacca 32 N.
iés low, and is always covered with ver- §DaLECARLIA, a province of Sweden, i an
d, in dure during the dry months. It is 160 near Norway, 175 miles in length, and , a
s kept miles ne of Calcutta. Lon. 90 258, ioo in breadth. te is full of mountains, b) ao
of the lat. 23 55 N. abounding in mines of copper and iron, an
ither, DacHaw, a town of Bavaria, where fome of which are of a prodigious depth. i |
called the eleétor has a palace, with fine gardens. The towns are fmall;,and the inhabitants , ah
ng of It is feated on a mountain, near the river are rough, robuift, and warlike. Mott of | ft aa
inions Amber, 10 miles Nw of Munich. Lon.11 the great revolutions in Sweden had their | # aig
bland. 30 BE, lat. 48 20 N. rife in this province. , a ie My
miles DACHSTEIN, a town of France, inthe =Dauia, a province of Sweden, bounded | @ fe
at. 59 department of Lower Rhine and late pro- on the n by Dalecarlia, on the g by i #
; vince of Alface, with a palace that be- Wermeland and Lake Wenner, on the s fi
in the longed to the fee of Strafburg. Lon. 7 by Gothland, and on the n by Norway i!
r the 45 E, lat. 48 35 N. and the fea. o) ae
Mn. 32 Darak, or Dorar, a town of Arabia DAtxeirH, a townin Edinburghhhire, ‘ ihe
Felix, feated on a bay of the fame name, with a great weekly market for corn and |
» Te- on the SE coaft. Lon. 53 25 £, lat. 16 oatmeal. The a of Dalkeith is a G
les in 30 N. ’ magnificent ftructure, the feat of the ii
Huces DacenuaM, a village in Effex, nine duke of Buccleugh. It is fix miles se of
the miles £ by Nof London. A great breach Edinburgh. Lon. 3 12 w, lat. 55 54.N.
be- was made here by the Thames in 1703; | DALMATIA, a country of Europe,
and, which was repaired, in 1716, by captain formerly a kingdam. It is bounded on
arth, Perry, who had ten einplgyes on fome the N by Bofnia, on the s by the gulf of
duces Ruffian canals by Peter the Great. Venice, on the 2 by Servia, and on the w
there DAGHESTAN, a province of Afia, by Croatia. It is divided into Venetian, iH
with ‘pounded on the g by the Cafpian Sea, on Turkifth, Ragufan, and Hungarian Dal- |
: the w by the mountains of Caucafus, on matia. Spalatro is the capital of Vene- a |
pital the n by Circaffia,and on the s by Schir- tian, and Herzegovina of ‘Turkith Dal- i} of
th a van. It is inhabited by Tartars, and is matia: Ragufa is capital of the republic if
niles fubjeét to Ruffia. of Ragufen: the Hungarian part contairis i §
+ gt Dacno, a town of Albania, capital five diftriéts, and. Segua is the capital.
of the diftri&t of Ducagni, with a bifhop’s See Moriacutia.
. the fee; feated near the confluence of the Darton, a town in Lancafhire, with !
«24 : Drino and Nero, 13 miles sz of Scutari. a market on Saturday. It is feated ina i; |
Lon. 19 39 £, lat. 42 30 N. .champaign country, not far from the fea; Hl
ary’ Daco, or Dacao, an ifland im the and the ancient caftle is made ufe of to i i
ame ‘Baltic, on the coaft of Livonia, between keep the records and prifoners for debt i
res, the gulfs of Finland and Riga. It is 20 in the liberty of Furnefs. It is 16 miles ‘i
+ Ey miles in circumference, and has two caf- Nw of Lancafter, and 273 NNW of Lon- WN
tles, called Dagerwort and Paden. Lon. don. Lon. 3 18 w, lat. 54 14.N.
a2 §6 8, lat. 58 44N. Dam, a townof the United Provinces,
Dant, the fineft river of Sweden, in Groningen, feated on the Damfter,
which flews through Dalecarlia and Gef- three miles from the fea, and 15 sw of
tricia, and falls into the gulf of Bothnia, Embden. Lon.6 48 8, lat. §3 22 N.
of ‘to the B of Gefle.. Near Efcarleby, it | Dam, a town of Pruffian Pomerania,
ral forms a voy tes cataraét, fcarce in- feated on the Oder, 10 miles sE of Stetin. it
72 ferior to the of the Rhine at Lauffen. Lon. 14 50 B, lat. 53 31 N. ‘
Danomay, a kingdom of Africa, an Damar, a famous town of Arabia K
ty the coaft of Guinea, to the n of Whi- Felix. Lon. 49 25, lat.16 oN. Hd
a dah. The king of this country conquered DaMAscus, now called SHam, an ig
a Whidah, and very much difturbed the ancient city of Syria, the form of which 7.
“3 flave trade of the Buropeans is an exact en fide being a mile |
4
DAN
and a half long. It had three walls, now
almoft entirely ruined ; and of the feveral
fuburbs which it formerly had, there re-
mains ‘only’ one, which extends three
tiles in length. ‘The extraordinary beauty
oF this place is owing to feveral ftreams
which run acrofs the tertile plain of Da-
mafcus, and water all the gardens, /up-
ply the public fountains, and run into
every houfe. The houies are built of
wood, with their fronts backward, and
‘within is a court: in the ftreets there is
nathing to be seen but walls without win-
‘dows, and yet the’ infides are richly
‘adorned. The moft remarkable things
‘are the caravaniaries, which confit of
long galleries, fupported by marble pil-
Jars, ard furrcunding a large iquare
court. The caftle is like a little town,
having its own ftreets and houies, and
‘the famous Damatcus itee] was kept here
‘in a magazine. “Lhe n.ofques are the
handfomeit buildings, of which there ave
about 200, the mett itately cf which was
a Chriftian church. Here is a’ ftreet
which runs aciofs the city and fuburbs
‘in a direét line, on each fide, of which wre
hops, where’ a] forts of rich merchandife
are fold; and they have'feveral manufac-
tures, amang which that of fabres and
knives has been rhoft famous. It is an
archt‘thop’s fee, ‘and contains great
numbers of | Chriftians and jews. — It
ftands on the river Bayida, ‘112 miles .s
‘of Antioch, and’ 112 NE of Jerufalem,
Lon. 37 0 £, lat.'33 45 N.°
Damaun; a feaport of the Deccan of
Hindooftan, at the entrance of the gulf
of Cambay. It is fubjeft to the Portu-
uefe, and is 50 miles s of Surat.
on. 72 25 E, lat. 20 20 N. .
DAMGaRTIN, a town of Swedith Po-
merania, with a caltle, feated on the
‘Recknils, 18 miles w of Straliund. Lon.
12 57 Ey lat. 54 16 N.
DAMIETTAy, an ancient and rich town
of Egypt, feated at one of the eaftern
mouths of the Nile, with a good harbour,
and a Greek archbifhop’s fee. It is 100
miles N of Cairo,
Damiano, St. a town of Italy, in
Montierrat, 18 miles w by N of Vercelli.
Lon. 8 o£, lat. 45 33 .N-
DaMME, a ftrong town of Flanders,
feated on the canal between Sluys and
Bruges. It was taken by the duke of
Marlborough in 1706, and ceded to the
Dutch at the peace of Utrecht.
Danzury, a village in Effex, fituate
on.a hill, five miles & of Chelmsford,
and 16 w of the fea. The {pire of
the church was burnt. by lightning ia
DAN
1750, but was foon after rebuilt, and
forms 2 feamark.
Dancara. See Doncara.
Dancer, Isves oF, three iflands in
the § Pacific Ocean, feen by commodore
Byron in 1765, but were fo furrounded
by rocks and breakers, that it was uniafe
to, attempt to land. The commodore
fuppoied them to he the iflands feen b
Quiros, in the beginning of the 17th
century, and namcd Selomon’s Iflands.
Lon. 169 28 w, lat. 10 1§5.
DANNEBERG, a town of Germany, in
the circle of Lower Saxony, capital of a
ailtrict of the jame name. It belongs to
the eleStor of Hanover, and is feated on
the Tetze, near the Elbe, 40 miles se of
Luncnburg. Lon. 11 29 &, lat. 53 4.N.
Dantzic, one of the richeft cities of
Europe, capital of Weiltern Pruffia; with
a famous harbour, a bifhop’s fee, and a
univerfity. It is Audampaled by a wall,
and fortifications of great extent ; and is
reckoned to contain 200,000 inhabitants.
The houfes are well built of ftone cr
brick, fix or {even {tories high ; and the
pranatics are {till higher, to which the
ips lie cl.fe, and take in their lading.
The arfenal is well ftored, the exchange
is a handiome ftructure, and the college
‘is provided with very learned profeffors.
‘It carries on a great trade, particularly
in corn, timber, and naval ftores. The
eftablifhed religion is the Lutheran; but
papiits, Calvinifts, and- anabaptifts, are
‘tolerated. “In 1700, upwatd of 30,000
perfons died ‘of the plague. The jurif-
disticn of this town ex'ends about 50
miles round; and it maintains a garrifon
at its own expence. It was lately a free
hanicatic town, under the protection of
Poland; but, im 1793, it tubmitted to
the king of Pruffia, who forcibly ulurped
the fovereignty, ina fecond partition of the
Polifh dominions. It is feated on the Vil-
ftula, near the gulf of Angil, in the Baltic,
30 miles SE of Mavienburg, and 160 Nw
of Warlaw. Lon. 18 38 £, lat. 54 22N,
DanuBgE, the largeft yiver in Europe,
called the Ifter by the ancients, It rifles
at Doneichingen, in Suabia, and flows
NE by Ulin; then g£ through Bavaria
and Auftria, by Ratifbon, Paffau, ‘Ens,
and Vienna: it then enters Hungary, and
runs SE by Prefburg, Buda, and Bel-
grades after which it divides Bulgaria
trom Morlachia and Moldavia, difcharg-
ing it:elf by feveral channels into the
Black Sea. It hegins to be navigable
for boats at Ulm, and is fo deep between
Buda and Belgrade, that the Turks and
Geimans have had men of war upon it;
It, and
ands in
modore
‘ounded
uniafe
Modore
teen b
17th
flands,
DAR DAR
yet it is not navigable to the Black Sea, men clear the plantations, and the women
en account of the cataracts. See Do- cultivate them. The girls are employed
NESCHINGEN, et. in picking and {pinning cotton, which
DaRDa, a town and fort of Lower the women weave, and the cloths are
Hungary, built by the Turks in 1686,and chiefly ufed for hammocks. [t is the
taken by the Auftrians the next year. It bufinefs of the men to make batkets,
is feated on the Drave, at the end of the which, they do very neatly with canes,
bridge of Effeck, eight miles s of Baran- reeds, or palmeto leaves. died of feveral
whar, and 80 NW by Belgrade. Lon.1ig colours. Each man has teveral wives,
56 By lat. 45 45 N. who live together in great harmony.
DARDANELLES, two caftles of T'ur- They are fond of dancing to the iound
key ; the one, called Settos, feated in of a pipe and drum, and play a great
Romania; the other, called Abydos, in many antic tricks. When they go out
Natolia. They command the swentrance to hunt, the women carry in their batkets
of the ftrait of Gallipoli, the ancient pluntains, bananas, yams, potatoes, and
Hellefpont. At the latter, the cargoes of ouflava-roots ready roafted. ‘They have
all fhips failing from Conftantinople are no diftingtion of days or weeks, but
fearched. Lon. 26 308, lat. 46 oN. reckon their time by the courie of the
DaReEL-HaMaRa, atownof the king- moon. ‘Ihe animals are the fame as in
dom of Fez, built by the Romans. Its other countries of the fame climate.
trade confifts in oil and corn; and it The principai towns are Panama. and
is feated on a mountain. Lon. 6 35 wy Porto Bello. ;
lat. 34 20 N. | * ; DaRiEN, a river and gulf of S Ame.
Darren, or Terra Firma Proper, rica, in Terra Firma, which divide the
a province of Terra Firma,,in S America. provinces of Darien and Carthagena.. In
It lies along the coaft of the Atlantic end 1695, the Scotch obtained a charter from
Pacific Oceans, and is particularly dif. king William, empowering them to form
tinguifhed by the name of the I{thmus a fettlement on the Nw point of this gulf,
of Darien, and, by fome writers, the where the country had never been occu.
Tfthmus of Panama. It extends, in the pied by the Spaniards, but continued te
form of a.crefcent, round the bay of Pa- be pofleffed by the native Indians. This
nama; being bounded on the N by the fettlemenr excited {uch an alarm among
gulf of Mexico, on,the & by the river the maritime powers of Europe, and par-
and gulf of. Darien, .on the s by Popayan ticularly the jealoufy of the Spanifh court
and the Pacific Ocean, and on the w by and of the Englifh E India Company,
the fame ocean and, Veragua., It isnot that, in the fequel, the adventurers, meet.
above 60 miles broad; but this ifthmas, ing with every obftruction from the ve
which binds together, the. continents of adminiftration that had granted them
N and § America, is ftrengthened,by,a their charter, were obliged to abandon
ck-in of lofty. mountains, . ftretching the fettlement.
through its whole extent, which render it | DarkiNG, or DORKING, a town. in
a barrier of folidity fufficient to refift the Surry, with a market on Thuriday, noted
impulfe of two oppolite oceans. <She for cornand poultry. It is feated on the
mountains are covered with forefts almoft river Mole, 23. miles. sw ‘ot London.
inacceifible. The vallies in this moift Lon. o 14 wy, lat. 51 17 N.
climate, where‘it rains during two-thirds | Dar.aston, .a village near Stone, in
of the year, are marfhy, and fo often Staffordihire, where are the remains of a
overflowed, that the inhabitants, in many caitle, on a hill. ,
placse, build their houfes upon trees, to DARLINGTON, a town in the county
e elevated from the damp foil, and the of Durham, with a market on Monday,
odious reptiles engendered in the putrid feated ina flat, in the river Skerne, which
waters. The natives go naked; and the falls into the Tees. It has a {pacious
men have a filver plate faftened to their market-pl:-e, and a long ftone bridge
no{e, which hangs over their mouths, in over the river. It has a manutacture of
the fhape of a half-moon; the women huckabacks and camlets; fome finall
have a ring hanging down in the fame wares ot the Manchefter kind are alfe
manner; and they have alfo feveral chains made here; and there is a confiderable
of teeth, thells, beads, and the like, hang trade in dreifing leather. A curious
ing down from the neck to the pit of the water machine tor grinding optical glafles,
ftomach, Their houfes are moftly thin and {pinning linen yarn, has been ereéted
and {cattered, and always by a river fide, here, the invention of a native of the
with plantations lying about them. The towa, Darlington is 19 miles s of Dure
;
‘
£
fe)
ie
DAV
ham, and 239 N by w of London. Lon.
3 25 W, lat. 54 42 N.
DarutsrTaDT, the capital of the land-
gravate of Hetle Darmftadt, witha cattle,
where its own prince generally refides.
It has handiome fuburbs and a good col-
lege. It is feated on a river of th. fame
name, 30 miles Nw of Heidelberg. Lon.
8 408, lat. 49 43 .N.
Dart, a river in Devonfhire, which
gifes at the foot of Dartmoor Hills, crofies
Dartmoor to Afhburton, and after paffing
‘Totnefs, where it is navigable for finall
veffels, is joined br the Hareborn, and
falls into the Englifi Channel, at Dart-
mouth. ;
DARTFORD, a town in Kent, witha
market on Saturday, feated on the Da-
yent, not far from its influx into the
‘Thames. Here ve the remains of 2 fine
munnery, foundea by Edward m1. At
the diffolution it was converted into a
royal palace ; but it was alienated by
James 1. The rebellion of Wat Tyler,
‘an the reign of Richard 11, began in this
town, which is 16 miles B by s of Lon-
don. Lon. o 168, lat. 51 25 N.
DarTMOOR, an extenfive moorifh
traé&t, in Devonfhire, bounded on the N
by bleak hills, and extending fouthward
ite through the centre of the county to
fea. It is watered by the river Dart.
Many theep are bred here, but of a finall
kind, and fubjeé to the rot. The chief
riches of the inhabitants are their biack-
cattle, which thrive well on the coarfe
four herbage.
' DarrmourTs, a borough of Devon--
fhire, with a market on Friday. It is
feated on the declivity of a hill, »y the
fiver Dart, near its fall into the fea, and
has a fpacious haven, defended by a fort.
¥t has a confiderable trade to the s of
. Ewrope and to Newfoundland, as well as
a thare in the coafting traffic. It is go-
verned by a mayor, and fends two mem-
bers to parliament. It contains three
churches, and is 30 miles ssw of Exeter,
and 204 w by s of London, Lon. 3
45 W, lat. 50 32 N.
DassENn-EYLAND, or Ifle of Deer, one
of the three fmall iflands to the N of
the Cape of Good Hope; { called on
account of the great number of deer
which were firft carried thither in 16o0r.
Here are alfo fheep, wheie tails weigh
tg pounds. Lon. 18 7 £, lat. 33
25 Ss 2
DAVENTRY, 4 corporate town in
Northamptonfhire, with a market on
Wednefday. It is governed by a mayor,
and feated on the fide of a hill, 10 miles
DAU
w of Northampton, and 72 Nw of Lon.
don. Lon. 1 10 w, lat. 52 15 .N.
Davip's, Sr. a city in Pembroke-
ihite, with a market on Wednefiday ;
feated in a barren foil, on the river Hen.
It was oree a confiderable place, and
had walls, which are now demolifhed.
The cathedral is faid to have the higheft
roof of any in England. From the cape,
near this place, is a view into Ireland.
It is 24 miles Nw of Pembroke, and 255
w by wn of London. Lom 5§ 15 w,
Jat. 51 56 N.
Davip, Fort Sr. an Englith fort, on
the coaft of Coromandel, which was taken
and deftroyed by the French in 1758, and
has not yet been rebuilt. It is 80 miles
$ of Fort St. George. Lon. 79 45 £,
lat. 1% 30 .N,
Davis’ Srratts, an arm of the fea
between Greenland and N America, dif.
covered by captain Davis, in 1585, when
he attempted to find a nw paffage.
Daun, a town of Germany, in the
electorate of Treves, feated on the Lezer,
at the foot of a mountain, on which
is a caftle. It is 12 miles N of Mone
Royal.
AUPHIN, a county of P Nvania,
45 miles long, and 25 broad. In 1790,
it contained 18,177 inhabitants. Har,
rifburg is the capital.
Davpuin,. Fort, a fart built by the
French on the £ coaft of Madagafear,
Lon. 45 10 £, Jat. 24 55 8. ,
DauPuiny, a late province of France,
extending go le’ gues from N to s, and 36
from £ to w; bounded on the w by the
Rhone, onthe w by the Rhone and Savoy,
on the s by Provence, and onthe & by
the Alps. Henee the heir-apparent of
the late crown of France was called the
Dauphin; a title which he derived from
the following circumftance. In 1349,
Hubert 11, count of Dauphiny, being in-
confolable for the lofs of his only fon,
whom he had let fall from 4 window of
his palace at Grenoble into the Ifere, en-
tered into a convent of Jacobing, and
ceded Dauphiny to Philip, a younger
fon of Philip of Valois, for 120,000
florins of gold (each of the value of rad,
Exglith) on condition, that the eldeft fon,
of the king of France fhould be ftyled
the Dauphin. Charles v, . fon of
Philip of Valois, firft bore this title in
¥530. ‘Two thirds of Dauphiny are in-
seed geben eae B pen afford
urage; plenty of timber, fir-
trees, th sartho ca for the building ef
fhips; and very fcarce fimples. In thefe
mountains, which are branches of the
DEA
Alps, are bears, chamois, marmots,
eagles, hawks, &c. The vallies afford
wheat, and the hills, in the ":cinity of
the Rhone, excellent wines, olives, and
filk. Mines of iron, copper, and lead,
have been worked here to great advan-
tage. The principal rivers are the
Rhone, Durance, Ifere, and Drome, It
now forms the departments of Drome,
Iiere, and Upper Aips.
Dax, or Acqs, an ancient town of
France, in the department of Landes and
late province of Gafeony, with a bifhop’s
fee, and fome farnous hot baths. It is
feated on the A:lour, miles NE of
Bayonne. Lon. 1 0 wy, lat. 43 42 .N.
EADMAN’S-HEAD, a cape, in Corn-
wall, between St. Maw’s and Fowey.
Deap Sga, a lake of Paleftine, into
which the river Jordan runs. It is 70
miles long, and 20 broad, inclofed on
the £ and w by high mountains. It
abounds in bitumen.
‘Dea, a feaport in Kent, with a’
market on Thurfday. It is feated on
the ftrait of Dover, and is a member of
the cinque port of Sandwich, governed
by a mayor. he inhabitants amount
to 4g00, and, as no manufacture is
carried on here, they chiefly depend on
the feafaring men who refort hither. The
eee is defended by two cafties; Deal or
almer Caftle. to the s, and Sandown
Cattle to the nN. Between this place and
the Godwin Sands.are the Downs, where
the thips ufually ride at their leaving or
coming into the river Thames. It is
feven miles s by k of Sandwich, and 72
E by s of London. Lon. 1.29 £, lat. 52
13N.
DEAN, a town in Gloucetterthire, with
a market on Monday. It had its name
from the foreft «cf Dean, in which: it is
feated, 11 miles w of Gloucefter, and 112
wswof London. Lon. 2 31 W, lat.51 50 N.
Dean, a fore in Gloucefterhhire, in-
cluding that part of the county which lies
between the Severn and the. thires ef Mon-
mouth and Hereford. It contains four
snarket-towns and 23 parifhes. It is fer-
tile in, pafture and tillage, bears very fine
oaks, and has *ich mines of iron and coal.
it was once reckoned the chief fupport of
the Englith navy; and the Spantth ar-
mada, it is faid, was exprefsly commif-
fioned to weno 7 it. It is now thinned
by frequency of felling, and narrowed by
increafe of cultivation, though a few deer
ftill. continue to run.wild in its receffes.
The foreit of Dean, and the vale of the
fame name, abound in orchards, which
produce great plenty of excgllent cider.
DEC
DeBen, ariver in Suffolk, which rifes
near Debenham, and flows to Wood-
bridge, where it expands into a long nar-
row arm of the German Ocean, a little to
the n of Harwich.
DEBENHAM, a town in Suffolk, with
a. market on Friday, feated near the head
ol the Daben, on the fide of a hill, 24 miles
zB of Bury St. Edmund's, and 84 NE of
I.ondon. Lon. 1 17 £, lat. §2 22 N.
DEBRECEN, a town of ("pper Hun-
gary, capital of a diftri& of the fame
name. It was taken by the Turks in
1684, and the Auftrians retook it the
fame year. It is 107 miles £ of Buda.
Lon, 22 11 E, lat. 47 32 N,
DECCAN, an extenfive tract of country
in Afia, which, according to the fignifi-
cation of its name, the South, has been
fuppofed to include the whole region s of
Hindooftan Proper. But, in its more ac-
curate fenfe, it contains only the coun-
tries fituate between Hindooftan A
the Carnatic, the Weitern Sea, and Oriffas
namely, the provinces of Candeifh, Dow-
latabad, Vifiapour, Golconda, and the w
art of Berar. It is bounded on the &
v the river Nerbudda, be) Bengal, and
by Bahar ; and the river Kiftna forms its
feparation on the s, from the peninfula of
Hindooftan. All this vaft country was
once a province of the Mogul empire.
Candeifh, Vifiapour, and a part of Dow.
databad, are fubjeét to the Mahrattas;
the remainder, to the nizam of the Deccan.
Deccan, the dominions of the nizam
of the Deccan, comprifing Goleonda, the
principal part of Dewlatabad, and the
weftern part of Berar; the latter fubje&
to a tribute of a fourth part of its net
revenue to the Berar Mahrattas. His ter-
titories are bounded on the Nw by the
Poonah Mahrattas, on the w by the Berar
Mahrattas, omthe g by the Northern Cir-
cars, and on the s by the Carnatic and
Myfore. By family fucceffion, in 1780,
the nizam became poiiefled of the diftriéts
of Adoni and Tachore, and of the Gun-
toor Circar; and by the peace of 1792 he
had a fhare of the country ceflions made
by Tippoo Sultan, including Kopaul,
Cuddapa, and Gangecolla. his domi.
nions (without including the ceffions) are
fuvpoled to be 430 miles from Nw to sE,
by 300-wide. His capital is Hydrabad.
Dgcisé, an ancient town of France, in
the department of Nievre and late pro-
vince of Nivernois, feated in an ifland
formed by the Loire, 16 miles sz of
Nevers. Lon. 4 31 £, lat. 46 50 N.
DECKENDORF, a town of Lower Ba-
Varia, feated near the Danube, 37 miles
Se SS,
is .- <5 SS ‘
a
= Fr ss
Sr ee
— SL Se ee eee =
._. eee
SS ee See
a er rerse a8
DEE
sz of Ratifbon. It was taken by the
Swedes in 1641. Lon. 12 55 &, lat. 48
423.N.
DepoincTon, a town in Oxfordshire,
with a market on Tuefday. It was ans
ciently a corporation, and fent members
to parliament in the reign of Edward 11.
It 18 16 miles N of Oxiord, and 70 wNW
of London. Lon, 1 12 W, lat. 52 2N.
Depuaw, a village in Efiex, noted
for an ancient large church, which has a
fine Gothic fteeple. It is fix miles sof
Colchetter. ' ;
Dek, ariverof N Wales; held in great
veneration by our Britith anceftors, and
the theme of many a poet fince. Some
trace its head to the fcot of the lotty
mountain Arun, in the Nw angle of Me-
Fioneththire ; but others trace it no further
than to the lake of Bala, whence it flows
through.a fine vale in a Ne direction to
Denbighihire, vifits the w border of
Chetbire, then ¢croffing over to Chefter, ‘it
flows thence to the: Irifh Sea, making a
broad eftuary, whieh, feparates Chethire
from Flintthize. . By embankments made
bere, much land has. been gained trom the
tide; and a narrow, but deeper, channel,
fitter. for navigation, hasbeen formed
from Chefter haliway to the fea. . ‘The
Dee is navigable from near Ellefmere, in
Shropfhire, to Chefter; but, at this city,
the continuity of the navigation is broken
by a ledge of ‘rocks, running _acrofs the
bed of the river, and caufing a fort of
calcade. 9218
Dee, ariver of Scotland, whirh rifes
in Aberdeenthire, amid’ the mountains of
Mar : Foreft, and flows through a. wild
country till it. reaches the, tertile vale of
Brae-mar, whence it proceeds in an ea(terly
diregtion. to Aberdeen, below which it
falls into the Britith Ocean. '
Dee, ariver ot Scotland, which rifes
in the Nw part of Kirkcudbrightthire,
and joining the Ken, below. New Gal-
loway, falls into the Irith Sea, .at.Kirk-
cudbright.
DEEPING, a town in Lincolnhhire, with
a market on Thuriday. It is feated on
the Welland,-in a tenny country, fix miles
E of Stamiord, and go N of London
Lon. 0.21 w, lat. 52 42°N.
DEERHURST, a village, three miles s
of Tewkefbury, in Gloucefterfhire, fub-
ject, by its low fituation, to frequent in-
undations from the Severn. Here was a
palace built, and afterward converted to
a monaftery in 715, which the Danes de-
ftroyed; but it was rebuilt and made an
_alien priory, under the patronage of the
abbot of Tewkefbury. Its being rebuilt
DEL
in the reien of Edward the Confeffor, and
its confecration by the then bifhop of
Woreetter, is denoted by a Latin infcrip-
tion on a ftone, which, in 1675, was dug
up in an orchard. .
Dernse, or Deynse, a town of Aut:
trian Flanders, feated on the Lis, cight
miles sw of Ghent. Lon. 3:39 By lat.
50 SQN. ,
DELAWARE, one of the United States
of America, bounded on the x by Penn-
fylvania, on the £ by Delaware river and
bay, and on the s and w by Maryland,
It is go miles long and 16 broad; and in
many parts is unhealthy, being feated in
a peninfula, where the land is generally
low, which occafions the waters ‘to ftag-
nate. It is divided into three counties,
Newcaftle, Kent, and Suflex;. and. in
1787, the inhabitants were computed : at
37;000. ‘
DELAwareE, a county of Pennfyl-
vania, 20 miles long, and. 11! broad. In
1790, it contained 9,483 inhabitants.
Chefter.is the capital. '
DreLawarg, 2 river of N America;
which rifing in the ftate of New York, in |
Lake Uftayantho, divides New York trom
Pennfylvania, and pafles through Decla-
ware Bay to the Atlintic, having New
Jerfey on thie & fide, and Pennfylvania and
the ftate.of ‘Delaware on the w. From
the mouth of this hay, at Cape Henlopen,
to, Philadelphia, it ie 118 miles, wich a
Sufficient depth of water for a 74 gun
thip; above Philadelphia, it .is navigable
for floops up to the great falls at ‘1 ren-
ton; and, for boats that carry eight or
to tons, 40 miles higher.
DELAWARE Bay, a bay of N Ame-
tica, which is 60 miles long, from Cape
Henlopen to the entrance of the river
Delaware at Bombay-hook. It is fo
wide, in fome parts, that a thip, in the
middle of it, cannot be {een from the land.
It-opens into the Atlantic, between Cape
Henlopen on the s; and po May on
then. Thefe capes.are 18-miles apart.
Derr, a city of the United Pro-
vinces, in Holland. It is. clean and well-
built, with canals in the ftreets, planted
on each fide with trees. Here are. two
churches, in one of which is the tomb of
William 1, prince of Orange, who was.
alfaflinated. It is about twomiles in
circumference; has a fine arfenal, and a
confiderable manufacture of earthen ware,
known by the name of Delft ware. It is
feated on the Schie, eight miles nw of
Rotterdam, and 30 sw of Amfterdam.
Lon. 4 24.8, lat. 52 4N. . ,
DELFTSHAVEN, 2 tostified town of
Hollan
a canal
Rotter
trom ¢2
Del
Proving
by the
by the
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and in
ated in
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oO fas.
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and. in
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ennfyl.
1. In
itants,
erica;
crk, in
k trom
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ig New
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From
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vigable
‘Lren-
DEL
Holland, on the n fide of the Maefe, with
a canal. to Delft, &c. ‘It is. between
Rotterdam and Schiedam, not three miles
trom each,
Detrzy, a fortrefs. of the United
Provinces, in Groningen. It was taken
by the Spaniards in 1581, and retaken
by the Durch in r590. ft is feated on
the river Damiter, 13 miles ng of Gro-
ningen,
Deru, a province of Hindooftan Pro-
per, bounded on the Nw by Lahore, on
the Ne by Serinagur, on the E by the Ro-
hilla country, on the s by Agray and on
the w by Moultan. Having been the
feat of continual wars for above 50 years,
it is almott depopulated ; and a tract of
country that poflefles every advantage
that can be derived from nature, contains
the moit miferable of inhabitants, It is
now all that remains to the Great Mogul
of his once extenfive empire.
Deut, the capital of a province of
the fame name, in Hindooftan Proper,
feated on the river Jumna. It is the no-
aminal capital of all Hindoottan, and was
the aétual capital during the greateft part
of the time fince the Mahometan conqueit.
In 1738, when Nadir Shah invaded Hin-
dooltan, he entered Delhi, and dreadtul
- were the maflacres and famine that tol-
lowed : 100,000 cf the inhabitants pe-
tifhed by the {word ; and plunder, to the
amount of 62,000,cool. fterling, was faid
to be collected. The fame calamities
they endured on the fubfequent invations
of ‘Abdalla, king of Candahar. Delhi is
$80 miles NNE of Bombay. Lon. 77
40 E, lat. 28 37 N.
Desicut, a river of Albania, the
Acheron of the ancient pocts, who feigned
it co be in hell.
DELMENHORST, a town of Weft-
halia, in the county of Delmenhorft, be.
onging to Denmark. It is feated cn. the
Delm, near the Weler, eight miles sw of
Bremen.
Deros, an ifland of the Archipelago,
now called Diti. There are abundance
of fine ruins, iuppofed to be of the tem-
ples of Diana and Apollo, whofe *birth-
place it is faid to be. It is fix miles in
circumference, but now defticute of in-
habitants. Lon.25 59 £, lat. 37 30N.
Devreut, or DELPHos, a town of Li-
vadia deated in’ valley, near mount Par-
naffus. It was famous for the oracle of
Apollo, which people came from all parts
to coniult. :
Detsrerc, atawn of Swifferland, in
the bifhepric of Bafle, 10 miles Nw of
Soleure.. Lon, 7 23 8, lat. 47 17.N.
DEN
DELTA, a part of Lower Egypt, be-
tween the branches of the Nile and the
Mediterranean. ‘The ancients called it
the ifle of Delta, becaufe it is in the thape
of a triangle, like the Greek letter of thae
name. It is 140 miles along the coatt
irom Damietta to Alexandria, and 70 om
the fides, from the place where the Nile
begins to divide itlelf. It is the moft
plentiful country of all Egypt, aad it
rain». more here than in other parts; bat
its fertility is chiefly owing to the inun-
dations of the Nile.
Demar, a river which rifes in the
bithopric of Liege, waters Haflelt, Dieft,
Sichem, Arfchot, and Mechlin, below
which it joins the Senne, and takes the
name of Rupel.
Demerary, a Dutch fettlement in
Guiana, on a river of the fame name,
three leagues w of Paramaribo. It was
taken by the Englith in 1781; but the
French ditpoffeffed them of it foon after,
and by the treaty of peace in 1783, it
was reltored to the Dutch. It was again
taken by the Englifh in April 1796.
DEMMIN, an ancient town of Swedifh
Pomerania, in the duchy of Stetin, (cated
on the river Peen. Lon. 13 228, lat. 53
52 .N.
Demona, a fort of Picdmont, on the
river Sture, 10 miles swot Coni. Lon. 7
28 Fy lat. 44 18 .N.
Drnain, a village of France, in the
department of the North and late province
of Hainault, remarkable for a victory
gained over prince Eugene, by marfhal
Villars, in 1712. It is feated on the
Seheld, eight miles w of Valenciennes.
Drnsich, the county-town of Den-
bighthire, fituate on a rocky deelivity
above the -vale of Clwyd, ona branch of
the river of that name. Its ruined caftle,
with its va(t incloture crowning the top
of the hill, forms a-ttviking object. Den-
bigh has a confiderable manufacture of
gloves and fhoes, which are fent to Lon-
don jor expor.ation. It has a market on
Weineiday, fends one member to parlia-
ment, and is 27 miles w of Chetter, and
208 ww of Londop. Lon. 3 45 w,
lat. 53 11 N.
DENBIGHSHIRE, acounty of N Wales,
bounded on the n by the Irith Sea,-on
the NE by Flinthire, on the s-by Shrop
fhire, on the s by Merioneththire and
Moxtgomerythire, and on the w by Car-
narvonfhire. It is 48 miles long, and
29 in its broadeft part, but in general it
is much le/s. It lies in the diocefes of
St. Alaph and. Bangor ; ‘contains 12 hun-
dreds, tows. mapket-tcwns, and 57 pa-
DEN DER
sifhes; and fends two members to par- were the tombs of many of the French fabric
liament. The air is healthy, aera kings ; and in the treafury, among other Tee
larly in the vale of Clwyd. The prin- curiofities, the {words of St. Lewis and Severd
cipal rivers are the Clwyd, Elwy, » the Maid of Orleans, and the {ceptre "
and Conway. The {oil is various; the of Charlemagne. ‘The akbey of the late thire
vale of Clwyd being extremely fertile, Benedi&tines, a mepeerss piece of mo- wroug
which is not the cafe with the B part of dern architecture, has more the appear- article
the county; and the w is, ina manner, ance of a palace than a convent. In carries
, barren. The produéts are chiefly corn, 1793, after the abolition of royalty, the
cheefe, cattle, lead, and coal. See royal tombs in the church weve all de-
CLwyp. ftroyed; and the name of the town was
Denver, a riverof Auftrian Hainault, changed to that of Franciade. It is
which waters Leuze, Ath, Leflines, Gram- © feated on the river Crould, near the Seine,
mont, Ninove, and Aloft, and joins the five miles n of Paris. Lon, 2 26 £, Sat.
Scheld at Dendermenie. ' 48 56N.
DENDERMONDE, a city of Auftrian Deprrorp,a town of Kent, confider-
Flanders, with a ftrong citadel. It was able for its fine docks, and for the king’s-
taken by the allies in 1706, and the yard and ftorehoufes. It was anciently
Dutch put a garrifon into it as one of the called Weft Greenwich. It is divided
barrier-towns. The French took it in into Upper and Lower Deptford, and bas
1745, and again in1794. Itis furrounded two parifh churches. Here is an hofpital,
by marfhes and fine meadows, which can . incorporated by Henry vii, called Tri-
be covered with water, and is feated at nity Houle of Depttord Strond. The
the confluence of the Dender and Scheld, brethren. of the Trinity Houfe hold their
36 mijes w of Mechlin. Lon. 4 10 £, corporation by this hofpital, and are
lat. 51 3 N. obliged, at certain times, to meet here
Dent, an ancient feaport of Spain, in for bufinefs. It contains 21 houfes: a
Valencia, on the Mediterranean Sea, and more modern ftruéture, and a finer one,
at the foot of a mountain, 52 miles £ of called Trinity Hofpital, contains 38.
Alicaut. Lon.o 36m, lat. 38 44.N. Both thefe are for decayed pilots, or
Denmark, a ym of Europe, matters of thips, or their widows, who have
bounded on the £ | . Baltic Sea, on a-handfome monthly allowance. Deptford
the w and N by thie ocean, and on the ‘s four miles £ of London. Lon. 04 £,
s by Germany. The country is gene- lat. 51 30N.
rally flat, and the foil fandy. The air Dernent, a feaport and fortrefs of
is rendered toggy by the netghbourhood Perfia, inthe province of Schirvan, on the
of the feas and lakes, of which it is full, w coaft of the Cafpian Sea. It is faid to
but it has no confiderable river. Den- have been built by Alexander the Great,
mark, properly fo called, confilts of Jut- and is furrounded by high brick walls.
land and the iflands of Zealandand Funen, The inhabitants are chiefly Perfians,
with the little ifles about them; but the Tartars, and a few Armenians. The
king of Denmark’s dominions contain fortrefs was taken by the Ruffians, in
alfo Norway, and theduchies of Holftein, May 1796, after a bombardment of ten pon
Oldenburg, and Delmenhorft. Denmark days. It is feated at the foot of Mount mec
was once a limited and elective monarchy; Caucafus. Lon. 500 8, lat. 42 8N. si h
but, in 1660, it was made abfolute and Derry, the county-town of Derby- a
hereditary, by a revolution almoft un- fhire, with a market on Friday. It is mn
saratalei: in hiftory ; afree people volun- feated on the Derwent, over which is a J
tarily refigning their ljberties into the handfome {tone bridge; and a brook runs ne
hands of their fovereign. The inhabitants through the town, under feveral ftone ya
are protettants fince the year 1522, when bridges. It has five churches, of which an
they embraced the confeffion of Augf- All Saints is the chief, noted for its Int.
burg. The forces which the king of beautiful tower. In 1734, -a machine
Denmark has ufually on foot are near was eretted here by fir ‘Thomas Lombe, Eg
40,000. The revenues are computed at for the manufacturing of filk, ‘the model fro
506,coo}, a year, which arife from the of which was brought from Italy. It
crown lands and duties. The produce of was the firft of its kind ereéted in Eng- )
Denmark confifts in. pitch, tar, fith, oil, land; and its operations are to with ve
and deals. Copenhagen is the capital. | double, and twift the filk, fo as.to render: -
Denys, St. a famous towh of France, it fit for weaving. Derby pofiefles alfo a A:
in the department of Paris. Here is an confiderable manufaéture of filk, cotton,’
ancient and magnificent church,ia which and fine worfted ftockings; and «has a
French
ig other
is and
{ceptre
the late
ot mo.
DER
fabric of pereeloles equal, if not fupe-
rior in quality, to any in the kingdom.
Several hands are employed in the lapi-
dary and jewellery branches; and Derby-
fhire marbles, {pars, and cryftals, are
wrought into a variety of ornamental
articles. ‘The malting trade is likewile
carried on in this town, from which the
Derwent is navigable tothe Trent. Derby
fends two members to parliament, and is
governed by a mayor, The rebels came
as far as this town in 1745, and then re-
turned to Scotland. It is 36 miles Nn of
Coventry, and 126 NNW of London.
Lon. 1 25 w, lat. 52 58 N.
DERBYSHIRE, an Englifh county,
bounded on the N by Yorkfhire, on the
E hy Nottinghamfhire, on the s by Lei-
cefterfhire and Warwickthire, on the
w by Staffordthire, and on the Nw by
Chethire. It extends 59 miles from N to
s, and 34 from £& to w where broadett,
but in the s part it is not above fix. It
lies in the diocefe of Lichfield and Co-
ventry, fends four members to parliament,
and contains fix hundreds, 11 market-
towns, and 106 parifhes. The air, efpe-
cially on the g fide, is wholefome and
agreeable; but in the Peak, toward the
‘My itis harp and cold. The hills in the
northern part, by attraéting the paling
clouds, cafe the rain to deicend there in
greater abundance than on the circumja-
cent counties. The s and B parts are
pleafant aad fertile, producing moft kinds
of grain, particularly barley. Even the
Nw part, called the Peak, is abundantly
rich; for the bleak mountains abound in
the beft lead, with marble, alabafter,
millftones, iron, coal, and a coarfe fort
of cryftal; and the intermediate vallies
are fruitful in grafs. The barytes, or
ponderous earth, which teems to be the
medium fubftance between earth and ores,
is here found in great quantities. The
rincipal rivers are the Derwent, Dove,
cw. » and Treat.
DEREHAM, * town in Norfolk, with a
market on Friday, noted for wool and
yarn. It is 14 miles w of Norwich, and
and 100 NNE of London. Lon.1 o8,
kat. 52 42 N.
DeEREQTE, or Detrours, a town of
Egypt, in the ifle formed by the canal
from Cairo te Rofetta. Here is a magnifi-
cent temple. Lon. 31 45 £, lat. 30 40 N.
DgrP, 2 town of Ruffia, in the go-
vernment of Riga, with a bithop’s tee,
and a univerfity. It lies near the-river
Ambec, so miles nw of Pikof. Lon.
26 25 E, lat. 58 30 N . 3
Derwant, a. sivyes in Derbythire,
DEV
which rifes in the high Peak, flows s
through the middle of the county, and,
ling Derby, empties itfelf into the
Trent, on the borders of Leicefterfhire.
Derwent, a river of Yorkhhire,
which rifes in the w riding, and running
8 falls into the Oufe, below York.
Derwent, 2 river of Durham, which
forms, for fome fpace, the bou be-
tween that county and Northumberland,
and falls into the ‘'yne, above Newcaftle.
DERWENT, a river Of Cumberland,
which flowing through the lakes of Der-
went-water and Bailenthwaite-water, to
Cockermouth, enters the Irifh Sea, near
Workington.
DERWENT-WATER, a lake of Cum- -
berland, in the vale of Kefwick. It is
three miles in length, and a mile and a
half wide. Five iflands rife out of this
lake, which add greatly to the beauty of
the appearance, On one of them is an
elegant modern-built houfe.
ESEADA, one of the French Ca-
ribbe Iilands, in the W Indies. . It is 10
miles long, and five broad, and is -
rally the firft land that is made in failing
to the W Indies. Lon. 61 20 w, lat. 16
40 N.
DeseaDa, or Care Desrme, the
fouthern point of the ftraits of Magellan,
in § America, at the entrance of the
S Sea. Lon. 74 18 w, lat. 53 458.
Dessaw, a ftrong town of Germany,
in the circle of Upper Saxony, and pro-
yince of Hanhalt. It belongs to its owa
prince, and is feated« . the Elbe, 37 miles
N ot Leipfick. Lon. 12 22.8, lat. 52
53 N.
DETHMOLD, a town of Weltphalia,
on the river Wehera, 15 miles n of Pa-
derborn. Lon.8 55 8, lat. 52 0 N.
Detroit, a town of N America, on
the w fide of the ftrait, or river, that
forms the communication between the
lakes St. Clair and Evie. Lon. 83 2 W,
Lit. 42 22 N.
DgtrinGcen, a village of Gérmany, in _
the territory of Hanau. Here George 1
gained a victory over the French in 2743.
It is between Hanau and Afchaffenburg,
four miles from each.
Deva, a feaport of Spain, on the bay
of Bifcay, in the province of Guipufcoa,
15 miles sg of Bilboa. Lom. 2 40 w,
lat. 43 24.N.
DEVENTO, a town of Bulgaria, with
a Greek archbifhop’s fee, {tated on the
Paniza, 65 miles mB of ianople.
Lon, 37 33 B, lat. 42 43 N. ;
DEVENTER, a City of the United Pro- —
vinces, the capital of Overyflely with a
DEV
univerfity. It is furrounded by ftrong
walls, and feated on the river Yilel, 50
miles & of Ainfterdam. Lon. § 56 B,
lat. 52 18 N,
Devizes, a borough in Wilts, with
a.market on ‘7 hurfd:y, and a manufaéture
of ferges and other wooilen ftuffs. It
fends two members to parliames, and is
feated on an eminence, 24 nes NW of
Salifbury, and 89 w of Lor..sn. Lon.
22W, lat. §1 20 N,
Drvon, a river of Perththire, over
which, in the beautitul vale of Glende-
von, is a great curiofity, called the Rumb-
ling Bridge. It is fimilar to that over
the Braan, and confifts of one arch,
thrown over a ‘horrible chatm, worn by
the river, about 80 feet deep, and very
narrow. In other places, the river has
forced its way, in a furprifing manner,
through the rocks. At the Caldron-lin,
it has worn away the fotter parts of the
ftone, and formed immenf{e pits, into
which the water talls with a tremendous
noife. Below this, the whole river is
precipitated in one fheet, from a height of
40 feet.
DeEvonsHiRE, an Englifh county, 69
miles long, and 64 broad; bounded on
the N and Nw by the Briftol Channel, on
the EB by Somertetfhire and Dortethire,
an the s and sg by the Englith Channel,
and.on the w by Cornwall. It lies in
the diocefe of Exeter; contains 33 hun-
dreds, one’ city, 37 market-towns, and
394 parithes; and fends 26 meinhers to
parliament. The air is healthtul in the
vallies, and fo mild that the myrtle
rows unfheltered ; but it is cold and
‘bleak on the mountains. The {oil is
various, for the lower grounds are natu-
-- rally fruitful, and the hills are very bar-
ren. In the eaftern parts there is plenty
not only of good corn, but of fine pat-
.turage for fheep, where the grounds are
ary. and chalky. The fouthern part of
the county is remarkably fertile, and is
as juftly called The Garden of Devon-
fhive, as Italy is The Garden of the
World. Fruit-trees are plentiful, efpe-
cially apples, with which a great quantity
of cider is made. On the coait is found
tenty of a peculiar rich fand, of tingular
is to hufbandmen ; and thote who live
at adiftance from the fea purchafe it to im-
prove their poor lands. ‘The weftern parts
abound with game, e{pecially hares, phea-
fants, and woodcocks, which are in fuch
ghundance, as to render them very.cheap;
and here is a bird fo very fmall, that it
is reputed a humming-bird, and, like
. phat, sqnitrudts ite nelt on the extreme
DIE
branches of trees, Inthe sw parts are
great quantitics of marble, and in man
laces marble rocks are found to be the
afis of the high road. The principal
rivers are the Tamar, Ex, Teigne, and
Dart. Exeter is the capital.
Deux Ponts, a town of Germany,
in the palatinate of the Rhine, capital of
2 duchy of the faine name, feuted on the
river Evbacit, 49 miles N by w of Strat-
burg, and 50 sw of Mentz. Lon. 7 26
Ey lat. 49 10 N.
Deynsz. See Dzrnse.
- DiaARBECK, or DIARBEKAR; a pro-
vince of Turkey in Afia, between the
Tigris and Buphsates bounded on the
N by Turcomania, on the & by Perfia, on
the s by Irac-Arabia, and on the w by
Syria. It was the ancient Mefopotamia.
DiaRBEKAR, an ancient town of ‘Tur-
key in Aiia, capital of the province of
Diarbeck, feated on the river ‘Tigris.
The Turks are more aifable here than in
other places, with regard to the Chrifti-
ans, who are above 20,000 in number.
It has a great trade in red Turkey leather,
and cotton cloth of the fame colour, and is
150 miles Nw of Aleppo. Lon. 39 40
E, lat. 37 18 N.-
Diz, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Drome and late province of
Dauphiny. It was lately an epifcopal
fee, and is feated on the Drone, 24 miles
se of Valence. Lon. 5 23 £, lat. 44
42 N. °
DikgPHOLT, a town of Weitphalia,
capital of a county of the fare name,
fubje& to the elector of Hanover. It is
feated on the Dummer Lake, 30 miles
NW of Minden. Lon. 8 45 E, lat. 52
36 N.
DiePrreE, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Seine and late pre-
vince of Normandy, with a good harbour,
formed by the mouth of the river Ar-
ques, an old caitle, and two piers. Pz:ket-
boats pafs between this port. and Bright-
helmfton, in the time of peace. ‘The
principal trade confifts in herrings, whit-
ings, mackerel, ivory toys, and laces.
It was bombarded by the Englifh in
1694, and is not now fo confiderable as
formerly. It is 30 miles n of Rouen,
and 132 Nw of Paris. Lon. 1 9-8, lat.
49 55°.
DIESSENWOFFEN, a confiderable town
of Swifferland,. in Thurgaus, feated-on
the Rhine, five miles s of Schatfhaufen,
Lon. 8 42 £, lat. 47:35:N.
. Drest, a town of Auttrian Brabant,
on the river Demer, 15 miles NE of
Louvaip. Lon. 59 E, lat,.50.59 N.
rts are
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At. 44
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DIM
Distz, @ town of Weteravia, capital
of a county of the fame name, with a
trong caftle. It is fubjeét to the prince
of Nailau-Dillemburg, and js feated on
the Lohn, 16 miles & of Coblentz. Lon.
7 35 8, lat. 50 12 N.
Dieuze, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Meurihe and late province
of Lorrain, remarkable for wells of falt
water, which produce much falt. It is
feated on the Scille, 22 miles Ne of
Nanci. Lon. 645 £, lat. 48 53 N.
Diez, St. a town of France, in the
department of the Vofges and late pro-
vince of Lorrain. It had lately a cele-
brated chapter, whofe canons were obliged
to produce proofs of nobility. It is
feated on the Meurthe, 30 miles se oF
Luneville. Lon. 7.4 8, lat. 48 20 N.
DicNan, a town of Venetian Iftria,
three miles trom the gulf of Venice. Lon.
135 E, lat. 45 10 N.
Diang, a town of France, in the de-
partment of the Lower Alps and late
province of Provence, with a bithop’s
fee. It is famous for its hot baths,
and is feated on the Bleone, 30 miles s
by w of Embrun. Lon. 6 12 £, lat. 44
30 N.
Dijon, an ancient city of France, in
the department of Cote d’Or and late
province of Burgundy. It was lately an
archbifhopric, but is now the epifcopal
town of the department, and contains
20,000 inhabitants. It has an academy
of {ciences and belles-lettres. The public
ftruures, and particularly the churches,
are very fine. In front of the Palace
Royale, jis the ancient palace of the
dukes of Burgundy; and: at the gates of
Dijon is a late chartreufe, in which fome
of thofe princes are interred. Diion is
feated in a pleafant plain, which pro-
duces excellent wine, between two {mall
rivers, 48 miles NE of Autun., Lon, 5
7 E, lat. 4719 N. |
Dizi. See Devos.
Ditta, Mount, a remarkable pro-
montory of the coaft of Malabar, 20
miles N by w of Tellicherty. Lon. 75
2 lati 12 1 N. ;
DILLENBURG, a town of Weteravia,
capital of a county of the fame. name,
fubjeé to the prince of Naffau Dillenburg.
It is 22 miles Nw of Marpurg. .
27 £, lat.'50 48 N.
DILLENGEN, a town of Suabia, with
ja univerfity. _Here the bithop of bin
‘burg refides, It is feated near the Danube,
37 miles ne of Augfburg. Lon. 10 20
8, fat 48 gon,
Dimoruc, a town of Romania, with-
DIS
a Greek archbithop’s' fee. It is feated
On a mountain, iurrounded by the Meviza,
t2 miles sw’ ot Adrianople. Jon. 26
35 E, lat. 42 35 .N.
DinanT, a town of France, in the
department of the North Coaft and late
province of Bretagne. It is feated ona
“vaggy mountain, at the foot of which
is the river Rance, 20 miles 8 of St.
Malo. Lon. 1 58 w, lat. 48 20 N.
Dinant, a town of Weltphalia, in -
the bishopric of Liege, with a caftle
feated near the Meule, 12 miles 5 of
Namur. Lon. 4 51 £, lat. 50 17 N.
DiNASMONDY, a town in Merioneth-
fhire, with a market on Friday, 18 miles
s of Bala, and 196 Nw of London,
Lon. 3 40 Ww, lat. 52 37 N.
Dincnurcn, a village in Kent, in
Romney Marth. Here are kept the re-
cords of the Marth; and a court is held
by the lords of the Marth and the mem-
bers of the corporation, who are appointed
by ftatute, 33 Edward 1, to regulate
| affairs concen.ing the Marth. It is
three miles Nx of Romney.
DINCKELSPIL, a free imperial town
of Suabia, feated on thie river Wernitz.
It has a great and a little council; the |
former is a mixture of papifts and Lue
therans; but the little one are all papifts.
It carries oa a trade in cloth and reaping»
hooks, asd is 37 miles sw of Nuremburg,
Lon. 10 20 By lat. 49 0 N.
DINGELFING, 9 town of Germany, in °
Lower Bavaria, seated on the [fer, 20
miles Ne of Landichut. Lon. 12 36 gy
lat. 48 40 N.
DINGLE, a feaport of Ireland, in the
county of Derry, feated on Dingle Bay,
four miles w of Limerick. Lon. 8 40
W, lat. 52 42 N.
DinGwa tt, a royal borough in Rofee
fhire, feated at the head of the trith of Cras
marty, 18 miles w of the town of Croe
marty. Some linen is manufaét
~ here, and there is a lint-mill in the neigh
bourhood. Lon. 4 23 wy lat. $7 45 Ne
DisaPPointTMsy Tr, Cape, a cape of
the ifland of Soup Georgia, in the
S Pacific Oceans Lon. 36 1§ Wy lat. s@
58 s.
DismaL SwamP, a marfhy tract, on
the coaft of N Carolina, so miles lus
and 30 broad. It occupies the whet
country between Albemarle Sound and
Pamlico Sound.
Diss, a town in Norfolk, witha mare
ket on Friday. It is feated on the rive?
Waveney, on the fide of a hill; and at
the w end of the town is a large muddy
lake, abounding with eels, Ele ae
eo eS 8
oS ee
a
x
“~
Pw /
ny Of Ma |
} h qi
iy
ie
| ie
rv i \
ii
phe é iy
4 ah
ii : fy
| ie
db
el ry
DNI
mmanufatiaree of failcloth, linen sloth,
ofe, and ftays. It is 19 miles s of
Norwich, and 92 NNE of London. Lon,
19 8, lat. 5225 N.
Div, an ifland at the entrance of the
If of Cambay, in the Deccan of Hin-
edftan, three miles Jong and one broad.
On it is a large fortified town of the fame
name, built of freeftone and marble ; and
it contains fome fine churches, erected by
the Portuguele, about the time they too
poffeffion of the ifland in s535. The
trade of the town, onc? fo important, is
almoft entirely removed to Surat. It is
180 miles w by s of Surat, and s00 NW
of Bombay. Lon. 69 52 £, lat. 20 43 N.
Dixan, the firft town in Abyflania,
on the fide of Taranta. It is built on the
top of a conical hill; a deep valley fur-
rounds it like a wench, and the road wiads
fpirally up the hill till it ends amcng the
thoufes. ‘The inhabitants confift of Moors
and Chriftians, whofe only trade is the
felling of children, The Chriftians bring
fuch as they have ftolen in Abyffinia to
Dixan, where the Moors receive them,
and carry them to a market at Mafuah,
whence they are fent to Arabia or India.
The priefts of the province of Tigre are
openly concerned in this infamous traffic.
Lon. 40 7 E, lat. 14 57 N.
* DrxMuDE, atown of Auftrian Flanders,
which has been often taken, the laft time
by the French in 1794. It is celebrated
for its excellent butter; and is feated on
the: river Yperlee, 10 miles NW of
Ypres. Lon. 2 57 £, lat.‘51 2 N.
DiziER, St. a confiderable town of
France, in the department of Upper
Marne and late province of Champagne,
feated on the Marne, where it begins to be
navigable for boats, 15 miles se of Vi-
tri-le-Frangois. Lon. 4 54 £, lat. 48 35 N.
** DNIEPER, anciently the” Boritthenes,
@ large river of Rutlia, which rifes in the
government of Smolen{ko, and flowing in
2 foutherly direGtion, “enters the Black
Sea, “between Cherfon and Oczakow.
From its fource to its mouth, it now
flows entirely through thé Ruffian gomi-
‘hions; and throuzh this whole courf,
‘of above 800 miles its navigation -is
only once interrupted by a-feries of cas ~
tarafts, which’begin below the mouth of
the Samara, and continue for above 40
‘miles ; but thefe may be pafléd in fpring,
“vithout ‘much hazard, ‘even by loaded
barks. In other feafons of the year, the
s are landed at Kemensk, oppofite the |
| mouth of the Samara, and tran{ported 40
‘niles by land to Kitchkafe, fix miles from
the fortrefs of Alexindrowfk, where they
DOL
are again embarked, and defcend the
ftream to Cherfon.
DnzesTer, a fine river, which rifes
in Galicia, in Auftrian Poland, and vifits
Choczim, dividing Podolia from Mol-
davia; it then feparates Beffarabia from
the Ruffian government of Catharinenflaf,
and having watered Bender, falls into the
Black Sea, between the mouths of the
Dnieper and the Danube.
DoBELtin, a town of Courland, 20
miles sw of Mittau. Lon. 23 435 E,
lat. 56 28 N.
Dosrzin,.a town of Poland, in Ma-
fovia, capital of a territory of the fame
name, feated on a rock, near the Viftula,
14 miles Nw of Plockfko. Lon. 19 5 Ey
lat. 52 54 .N.
Dockum, atown of the Usited Pro-
vinces, in W Friefland, at the mouth of the
river Ee, 1o miles NE of Lewarden.
Lon. 5 41 E, lat. §3 18 N.
DoeL, a town of Dutch Flanders, on
the river Scheld, oppofite Lillo, nine
miles Nw of Antwerp. Lon. 4 15 E,
lat. 5117 N.
Doessurc, a town of the United
Provinces, in Zutphen. It has been
often taken and retaken; and the reduc-
tion of it, in 1586, was the firft exploit
of the Englifh forces fent by qucen.
Elifabeth to the aififtance of the Dutch.
It is feated on the Iffel, 10 miles s of
Zutphen. Lon. § 36 Ey lat. 42 2 N.
.DoGADO, a province of Italy, in the
territory of Venice, bounded on the & by
the gulf of Venice, on the s by Polelino,
on the w by Paduano, and on the n by
Trevifano. It comprehends many fmall
iflands near it, called the LaGUNES OF
VENICE.
Dot, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Hle and Vilaine and late pro-
vince of Bretagne. It was lately an
epifcopal fee, and is fituate in a morafs,
five miles trom the fea, and 21 SE of
St. Malo. Lon. 1 41 wy lat. 48 33 .N.
Doice-Aqua, a town of Piedmont,
capital of a marquifate of the fame name,
.with a caftle. “It is feated’ on the Nervia,
five miles N of Vintimiglia. Lon. 7 42
Ey lat. 43 §8-%. ’
Doxcicno, a ftrong town of Albania,
with a bifhop’s fee, a good harbour, and
a citadel. Itis feated on the Drino, 10
miles sz of Antivari. Lon. 19 20 Es
lat. 42.12 N. 5 1
Doug, a town of France, in: the de-
artment of Jura and late’ province of
Franche Comté, feated on the river
Doubs, 2§ miles sw of Befancon. Lon.
58 Me APE Mis so exe
e+e, ~
we ed A nN kN Oe. ee ae
perition of Jeremie
a
DOM
DOLEGELLY, a town in Merioneth-
fhire, with a market on Tuefday. It is
feated on the river Avon, in a vale fo
called, and at the foot of the great rock
Cader-Idris, which is extremely high. It
has a good manufacture of Welfh cotton,
and is 31 miles Nw of Montgomery and
‘205 of London. Lon. 9 48 w, lat. 52
42 N.
Do.tartT Bay, a large gulf, feparat-
ing E Friefiand, in Germany, trom Gro-
ningen, one of the United Provinces.
OMAZLIZE, a town of Bohemia,
in the circle of Pilfen, remarkable for a
battle fought between the crufaders
‘and the Huffites in 1466, to the great
difadvantage of the former. It was
taken by the Swedes in 1541. It is
feated on the rivulet Cadbuzz, 17 miles
s of Pilfen. ;
DOMFRONT, a town of France, in the
department of Orne and late province of
Normandy, feated on a craggy rock,
which has a large cleft from the fummit
to the bafe, through which flows the little
river Varenne. It is 35 miles Nw of
Alengon. - Lon. 0 43 w, lat. 48 38 N.
Dominco, St. one of the richeft
iflands in the W Indies, 400 miles in
length, and 75 in breadth. It was dif-
covered by Columbus, in 1492, and is
furrounded by craggy rocks and danger-
eus fhoals. The heat to the N and sE
would be infupportable for fix months
“Of the year, if not qualified by the
eafterly winds, and frequent rains; but
‘the latter foon fpoil the flefh, bread, and
fruits. It has ‘a great many rivers, and
mines of gold, talc, and cryftal. The
Spanith name of it, originally given by
Columbus, is Hifpaniola. ‘The w part
of it belongs tothe French; the & to the
Spaniards; Since the revolution in France,
the French part of this ifland has been
fubje&t to the moft dreadful calamities ;
not only from an infurreétion of the
negroes, but from a civil war between
_ the patriots and the royalifts. The latter
called in the icnglifh, who landed, in
September 1793, and provifionally took
Mole St. Nicho-
s: Several rege phy fubmitted foon
after; but fome of them were retaken by
the republicans in'1794. This ifland lies
between. Jamaica to the w, and Porto
Ritoto'the & ~
Domineco, St.. the capital of. the
Spanith part of the ifland of St. Do-
‘mingo, with “an archbifhiop’s fee, whofe
‘@athedral ‘is a ‘fuperb ftructure. It is
‘fated’ on a large navigable river, dif-
ee 40
DON
ficult of accefs, and’ has an excellent hare
bour. Lon. 70 10 w, lat. 18 26 N.
Dominica, one of the Windward Ca-
ribbee Iflands, in thc W Indies. It lies
about half-way between Guadaloupe and
Martinico, and is near 28 miles in length,
and 13 in.breadth. It was taken by the
Englifh in 1761, and confirmed to them
by the peace of 1763. The French took
it in 1778, but reftored it in 1783; and
in 1795 ci made an unfuccefsful at-
tempt, for all the Frenchmen that landed
were either killed or taken prifoners.
The foil is thin, and better adapted to
the rearing of coffee than fugar ; but the
fides of the hills bear the fineft trees in
the W Indies, and the ifland is well {tip-
plied with rivulets, The capital is Char-
fotte Town, forinerly Rofeau. ;
Dominica, one of the iflands of the
S Pacific Ocean, called the Marguefas.
Lon. 139 2 W, lat. 9 41 Ss.
Domino, Sr. one of the Tremiti
Iflands, in the gulf of Venice, 1§ miles
from the cogft of Naples.
. Domitzy a town of Mecklenburg
Schwerin, with a fort, feated at the con-
fluence of the Elbe and Elve, 25 miles
s of Schwerin. Lon. 11 41 £, lat. §3 15 Ne
DoMMEL, ariver of Brabant, which
-receives the Aa helow Bois-le-Duc, and
then falls into the Meufe.
Domo-p’QssoLa, a town of Italy,
in the duchy of Milan, with a caitle, feated
on the Tola, at the toot of the Alps, 16
miles N of Varallo.
DomREMY-La-PuCELZgE, 2 village of
France, in the department of Meufe and
late province of Barrois, remarkable tor
the Pieth of Joan of Arc, the Maid of
Orleans. It is feated on the Meufe, five
miles from Neufchateau.
Don, a large river that feparates Eu-
rope from Afia. It iffues from lake St.
John, in the government of Mofcow, and di-
vides, near ‘I'cherkafle, into three ftreams,
which fall into the fea of Aioph. This
river has fo many windings, is fo fhallow
in many parts, and has fuch numerous
fhoals, as to be fcarcely navigable, except
in the fpring, on the melting of the fnows ;
and its mouths alio are fo choked up with
fand, that flat-bottom boats only, except
in the fame. feafon, can pafs into the fea of
Afoph.
Don, a riverof Scotland, which rife in
Aberdeenfhire, joins the Urie Water at In-
verary, and pafling by Kintore, falls into
the Britifh Ocean at Aberdeen; within two
miles of the mouth of the Dee.’ Both thefe
rivers are noted bt the falmon fithery.
2
ee, SERS
——— ——
SS
ee
a ae pa
pea rs Ge = eS
DOO
Dow, 2 river in Yorkthise, which
waters Sheffield, ‘Rotherham, and Don-
‘cafter, and joins the Aire, near its te:mi-
Mation with the Oufe.
DonawerT, 2 ftrong town of Ger-
‘many, on the frontiers of Suabia, {ub-
Je& to the duke of Bavaria. It is feated
DoNcAsTER, 4 corporate town in the
w riding of Yorkhire, with a market
‘on Saturday. It is feated on the river
ion, and had a caftle, now in ruins. It
$s large and well-built, governed by a
Yhayor, and has manufaStures of ftockings,
‘knit waiftcoats, and gloves. It is 37
miles s of York, and 160 N by w of
‘London. Lon. 12 w, lat. 53 33 N.
. DoNCHERRY, @ town Of France, in
the ‘department ‘of Ardennes and late
Province of Chatnpagne, feated on the
Meule, three miles ftom Sedan. Lon. 5
‘2B, lat. 49 42 N.
‘DONEGAL, a county Of Ireland, in
the province of Uliter, 68 miles in length,
and 44 in breadth; bounded on the £ by
Londonderry and Tyrone, on the w and
N ‘by the ocean, and on the s by Fer-
managh ‘ard the bay of Donegal. It
‘contains 40 parifhes, and fends 12 mem-
‘bers‘to parliament. It is, in general, a
champaign country, and abounds with
‘harbours.
DONEGAL, a town of Ireland, capital
of ‘a county of the famic naine, feated on
-the bay of Donegal, 10 miles N of Bally-
ffannon. Lon.7 47 Wy, lat. 54 42 N.
DONESCHINGEN, a town of Suabia,
in the principality of Furftenburgh. It
is the chief refidence of the prince; in
‘the court-yard of whofe palace are fome
fprings, collected in a refervoir about 30
feet fquare, from “which iffues a little
‘brook ; and‘though ‘the rivijets Bribach
ard Brege, uniting belew the’ town, are
‘farmore confiderable than this ftream,
‘which ‘flows into them foor ‘after their
jun&tion, yet has this alone the honour of
‘being ‘called the head of the Danube.
‘DONGALA, or DANCALA, a town of
‘Nubia, “with a caftle, feated ‘on the
‘Nile, ‘among mountaitts, 150 miles N of
'Sennar. Lon. 30 35 £, lat. 21 oN.
“Donzy, ‘a’ town. of France, ‘in the de-
ent of Nievre and late territory of
vernois, 42 miles N'of Nevers. Lon. 3
“34. B, Tit. 47 22°N.
"Doon, “or Doapan, a‘ fertife tra&
“of land in’ Hirdooftan Proper, between
‘the Ganges and “Juriha, atid formed b
the'c ce’ of thofe rivers. “It its ‘fo
named by way of eminence; the word
‘fine terrace-wa
“Worcefterthire, ve
den in Gloucefterfhire. “Fhe ‘Roman .
DOR
fienifying a tra&t of land formed by the
approximation of two rivers. The prin-
gipel part of it is fubjeé to the nabob of
ude. ri
Doon, Locu, a lake of Ayrhhire, in
the diftri€&t of Kyle, fix miles in length,
and ‘of -confiderable breadth. On en
ifland in this lake ftands Balloch Caftle,
Doon, a river of Scotland, which
ifues from Loch Doon, and taking a
Nw direétion, divides the diftriét of Kyle
from Carrick, the fouthern divifion of
Ayrthire, and falls: into the frith of
Clyde. :
DokRatT, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Vienne and late ter-
ritory of Limofin, feated on the Abran,
Near its junction with the Sevre, 25 miles
N of Limoges. Lon. 1 248, lat. 46
12 N. .
DorcHESTER,: the county-town of
‘Dorfetfhire, with a market on Wednhef-
day and Saturday. It is a town of great
antiquity, was formerly a city, and much
larger, the ruins of the walls being fill
to be feen in fome places. It has three
churches, fends two members to_parlia-
ment, and is governed by a mayor. A
fk, planted with trees, al-
moft furrounds the town, which has no
manufaftures, but is famous for excellent
ale. At awmile’s diftance ftands Maiden
Caftle, with intrenchments thrown up in
the time of the Romans. It gives the
title of earl to the family of Damer,
and is feated on the river Frome, on a
Roman road, eight miles N of Wey-
mouth, and 120 w by s of London.
Lon. 2 45 W, lat. 50 42 N.
DorcuHesTer, a town in Oxfordthire,
which was a ftation of the Romans, and
ruined in the wars with the Danes. It
was a bithop’s fee, till 1086, when Wil-
_liam the Conqueror tranflated it to Lin-
coln; and it had five ftately churches,
though now but one. It givesthe title
of baron to the. family of Carleton,. and
is feated on the Tame, 10 miles sz of
Oxford, and 49 wNw of London. Lon.
“3 OW, lat. 51 39 N.
Dorpoane, a department of France,
which includes the late province of .Peri-
gord. It rectives its name from a river, .
which rifes in ‘the ‘mountains of Au-
vergne, and falls into the Garenue, near
Bourdeaux. si L
Dorn, a Village in a détached part of
three miles sz of Carip-
foflway runs through it.. ‘There are p
tokens of its antiquity, and of its having
been a Romancolony, abundance of coins,
wast ©
£9
33°
y
I
t
Cc
€
t
]
f
DOR
both Roman and. Britifh, having been
found here.
Dornocy, the county-town of Suther-
landthire, at the entrance of a frith of
the fame name, over which it has a ferr
to Tain. It is a fmall place, and half
in rujns, but was the refidence of the
bifhops of Caithnefs. Part of the cathe-
dral ferves for the parifh usch; the
other part is in ruins. It 15 4o miles
NE of Inyernefeg Lon. 3 48 w, lat. 57
52.N.
Dorpt, or Dorpat, a town of Li-
vonia, on the Ember, between the lakes
Wolero and Pepas, 60 miles s of Narva.
Lon. 27 52 &, lat. 58 13 N.
DorsETsHIiRE, a county of England,
extending so miles in length, and 38
where broadeft; bounded on the N by
Somerfetthire and Wiltthire, on the &. by
Hampfhiire, on the s by the Englifh Chan-
nel, and on the. w by Devonfhire and So-
Merletfhire. It lies in thediocefe of Brif-
tol, fends 20 members to parliament, and
Contains 34 hundreds, 22. market-towng,
and 248 parifhes. The air onthe hills
is fomewhat bleak and fharp, but very
mild’ and pleafant near 'the coaft. The
foil is ‘generally rich and fertile, though
in fome parts very fandy: the northern
part, which is divided by a range of chalk
1
-hills from the fouthern, affords good paf-
ture for cattle; while the fouthern part
chiefly. confifts of fine downs, and feeds
incredible numbers of fheep. The chalk
hills, which run through every county
from, the $E part of the kingdom thus far,
_ terminate at the further extremity of this;
but on the coaft, chalk cliffs extend be-
yond it into Devonfhire, 10 miles w of
Lyme. From the Hamphhire border to
the neighbourhood of Blandford, a heathy
common extends, which caufes an ex-
ception to the general charaéter of fer-
tility which this county merits; but the
rich vales to the sw. make ample amends.
The principal rivers arc the Stour and
Frome. Here is plenty of poultry of all
forts, fwans, woadcocks, paralents, par-
tridges, fieldfares, &¢. The products are
corn, ,woel, hemp, fine itone, .and fome
marble. ‘This copnty. is, diftinguithed
for its woollen manufactures, and its, fine
ale and beer. Dorchefter is the capital.
See PonTLAND and PURBECK. _—
Dort, or, Dornprecut, a city in
Holland, famous for a proteftant {ynod
held in 1618, which condemned tenets .
of Agminius.. It is, feated.on an ifland
of vas Meute, appofite, that of Yffel-
mond. frou, wi «ts it: was torn, in 1421,
‘by a dreadful uruption of the rivers,
a aie lt
»
DOV
which broke down the dikes,: and dee
ftroyed 72 villages, and 190,000 perfons,
In 1457, this city was; almof enti
deftroyed by fire. It, fusrendered to the
French in January 17954 It is 10 miles
SE of Rotterdam. Lon. 4 48 2, lat. 53
ON. '
? DorTMUND, a ftrong, imperial towa
of Weltphalia, in the county of Marck
feated on the Emiter, 35 miles. ng
Cologne. Lon..7 35 £, lat. 51 26 m.
Dovay, a City of France, in the dee
partment of the North and late French
Flanders. It has a fine arfenal, a foun.
dry for cannon, a military {chool, a citae
del, and three famous colleges. T'
great {quare in the centre of the city, a
the principal church, are worthy of notice.
It was taken by the French in 3722, after
the fufpenfion of arms. between Greag
Britain and France. It is feated on the
river Scarpe, whence there is a canal ¢p
the Deuvle, 15 miles nw of Cambray.
Lon. 3 10 8, lat. 50 22 N. Soe
DouBs, a department of France, ine
cluding part of the late province of Franche
Comté. It is fo Ste from a river which
falls into the Rhone,
Dove, a fall town,of France, in the
department of Maine and Loire and law
province of Anjou. It has one of th»
fine(t fountains in France; and near jt is
a vaft Roman amphitheatre, cut out of the
folid rock. It is nine. mileg sw of
Saumur. :
Dove, a river in Derbyfhire, which
rifes in the Peak, parts the county from
Staffordfhire, and falls into the Trent,
four miles N of Burton. .
DoveDALE, one of the moft romantic
{pots in Derbyfhire, in, the neighbour-
hood of Afhborn. Here the river. Dove
Tans in a chafm between precipitous
rocks.
Dover, a feaport in Kent, with 2
market on Wednefday and Saturday.
It is fituate between two high cliffs, on
one of which is am ancient » & trom
the town, It was repaired in 1756, and
there are barracks in it, for 3000 men.
The town was once walled round, and
had ten gates, but there now remain oy
‘the ifland. It is one of the ~~ ports,
fends two
ee + ag ees
iy
f it
wit
Ai
DOU
The harbour is made by a gap in the
cliffs, which ate of a fublime height,
though certainly exaggerated in Shak-
fpeare’s celebrated defeription. Henee,
in fine weather, ‘is a profpetct of the coaft
of France. Dover is'15 miles se of
Canterbury and 72 of London. Lon. 1
23 £, lat. 51 8 N.
Dover, a town of the county of
Kent, and ftate of Delaware, in N Ame-
rica. It isthe feat of the government,
and ‘ftands onJones’ Creek, a few miles
from Delaware Bay. Four ftreets inter-
fe& each other at right angles, in the
centre of ‘the town, whofe incidencies
form a‘fpacious parade, on the £ fid: of
which is an elegant ftatehoufe of brick.
he town has a confiderable trade with
Philadelphia; afd wheat is the principal
article of export.’ It is 26 miles s by w
of Philadelphia. Lon. 75 30'w, lat. 39
won oe
Dovero; or Douro, a river of Spain,
which rifes in Old Caftile, in the moun-
tains of Urbion, runs w by feveral towns,
_ ‘and ¢roffing Portugal, falls’ into the At-
Jantic Ocean, near Oporto. palais
Dovc as, a town in Lanerkfhire, on
a river ‘of the fame name that falls into
theClyde, above Lanerk. Here is Doug-
Jafs Caftle, for ages the refidence of the
fecond family in ‘Scotland. A modern
building has been ereéted on the fame
fite, in imitation of the ancient caftle, It
3s 37 miles sw of Edinburgh. ="
* Doucras, a feaport of “the Ifle of
Man, nearly at ‘the fame diftance from the ~ D
Englith; Scotech,' and Irith fhores, and
the beft harbour in the ifland. “Lon. 4
20 W, ‘lat. 54 12 .N.
~Doucras, Capz, a lofty promon-
tory on the w coaft of America, within
the entrance of Cook’s River. Its fum-
mit appears above the clouds, forming
two very high mountains. Lon.’ 153
30 Wy lat. 58 s6 No | *e
» Dourax, a town of Perfia, near the
confittence ‘of the Euphrates'and Tigris,
remarkable for ‘the reed ‘of which they
make‘pens.."Lom. §6 57 £, lat. 32 15N.
‘Dovkpan,°a town of France, in the
“department of Seine and Oife: and Jate
province ‘ofthe Ifle df France, with a
manufaéture ‘of filk and worfted ftock-
ings: * It is féated'on the Orge, 25 miles
sw of Paris:" Lon. 2 io°g, lat. 48
35 N. > ; a ae % * * 3 . *;
, DOURLACH, a town of Suabia, capital
of Baden Dourlach.* ‘It was burnt by
the French in 1689. The inhabitants
are proteftgnts, It is feated on the Gi-
NS @ayewe
DRut
effen, rz miles 5 of Philipfburg. Lon. 9
28 £, lat. ¢9 2N. noe
DouLens, or DoURLENS, a town of
France, in the department of Somme and
late province of Picardy, with two cita-
dels. It is feated on the Autie, 15
miles Nof Amiens. Lon. 2 238, lat. 50
10 N.
DOWLATABA.'; formerly called Amed-
nagur, a proyincé of the Deccan of Hin-
dooftan. It is bounded on the N by
Candeifh and Malway, on the w by the
Gauts, on the s by Vifiapour and Gol:
conda, and on the gE by Berar. Aurun-
gabad is the capital.
. DowLaTaBaD, 2 fortrefs in the Dec-
can of Hindooftan, 15 milés Nw of Au-
rungabad. In the neighbourhood arg
the pagodas of Elora, moft of which are
cut outof thenaturalrock. Lon.76 o£,
lat. rg 55N. ° | nN mies 6
’ Down, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Ulfter, 42 miles in length, an
34 in breadth; bounded on the gE by the
rifh Sea, on the w by Armagh, on the
Nw by Antrim, and on the’s by Carling-
ford Bay and the ocean. It, contains
472 parifhes, and fends 14 members .to
parliamerit. “It is a fertilé country,
though in fome places incumbered with
bogs, i
Down, the capital of the county of
Down, in Ireland. ‘It is a borough and
market-town, feated on the river Newry,
feven miles w of Strangford Bay. Lon. 5
42 wy, lat. 5429N. © Nagi
* Downs, aroad on the E coaft of Kent,
between the N and § Foreland.’ It isa
famous rendezvous for fhipping. . See
Gopwin SaNps.)
DownTON, a borough in Wilts, with
a market on Friday. ft is governed by
a mayor, fends‘‘two members to parlia-
ment, and’ is feated’ on the Avon, | fix
miles sz of ‘Salifbury, and'84 wsw of
London. “Lon. 1 36'w, lat. 51°oN.
*“DowNuHAaAM, 4 town in’ Norfolk, with
a market on Saturday. “It is feated on
the Oufe, and noted for the’ prodigious
quantity of butter that is brought hither,
and ‘fent ‘up the Oufe to Cambridge,
whence ‘it 1s convéyed in ‘waggons to
London, and’ ‘known there by the name
of Cambridge butter. It is 35 miles Nz
of Cambridge, and $6 N by'E ‘of London.
Lon. 0 20 & lat. §2 40 NS”
DRAGUIGNAN, a town of France, in
‘the department of Var and late province
of Provence, 10 miles NW of Frejus.
Lon. 6 45£, lat.43 31N. “ ;
~ DRAVE; a coniderable river of Ger-
/
Ae
ountry,
ed with
bunty of
ugh and
ewryys
Lon. 5
of Kent,
Tt isa
Be See
its, with
med by
parlia-
yon, fix
WSW of
N.
k, with
ated oh
digious
hither,
bridge,
rons to
ie’ name
les NE
,ondon.
nee, in
rovince
Frejus.
F Ger.
DRO
many, which rifes in the Tirol, runs
acrofs Carinthia, and entering Stiria, con-
tinues its courfe to Marpurg; then it
runs along the confines of Sclavonia and
Lower Hungary, paffing by Effeck, and
a little after falls into the Danube.
DRrayTON, a town in Shropfhire, with
a market on Wednefday, feated on the
river Torn, which feparates this county
from Staffordfhire. It is 17 miles NE
of Shrewfbury, and 154 Nw of London.
Lon. 2 22 w, lat. 52 54.N.
DRESDEN, a city of Germany, capital
of Saxony. It is divided by the Elbe
into the Old and New Town, which are
united by a bridge 685 paces long, and
furrounded by ftrore fortifications. It
has a caftle, a univeriuty, and a mag .ifi-
cent church for the Roman cathc ics;
and the principal church for the protef-
tants, that of the Holy Crofs, is alfo a
noble ftruéture. All the houfes are built
of freettone, and are almoft all of the
fame height; and there are fo'many pa-
laces, that it is one of the handfemet
cities in Germany. The palaces of Hol-
fand and Japan are full of curiofities
from that country and China, with a
great variety of Drefden porcelain. This
city was taken by the king of Pruffia in
1745, but was foon reftored; and again
taken by him in 1756, but retaken in
1759. It is 75 miles Nw of Prague.
Lon. 13 50 £, lat. §1 oN.
Dreux, an ancient town of France,
in the department of Eure and Loire and
late’ province of Beauce. It has a con-
fiderable marufa@ture in cloth for the
army, and is feated on the river Blaife,
at the foot of a mountain, 48 miles w of
Paris. Lon. 1 26 £, late 48 44°N. —
Driessen, a town of Germany, in
the new marche of Brandenburg, with
a f{ ~-+ fort, on the river Warta, 20
miles £ of Landfperg. Lon. 15 43 £,
lat. 52°53 N.
DrRINAWARD, a town of Turkey in
Europe, in Servia. It ftands on a {mall
iffand 4 formed by the Drino, on the con-
fines of Bofnia.
Drino, a river of Turkey in Eu-
rope, which has its fource on the fron-
tiers of Albania, and falls into a bay of
the fame name, in the gulf of Venice.
DrINno, 2 feaport of Turkey in Eu-
rope, on a bay of the fame name, in the
ge f of Venice, 50 miles sz of Ragufa.
on. 10 198, Jat. 42 48 N.
‘DROGHEDA, a feaport and borough of
Ireland, in the county of Louth. It is
a ftrong place, and well inhabited, having
-enexcellent harbour. It is featedon the .
DRU
Boyne, five miles w of the Irith Sea, and
23 N of Dublin. Eon. 6 1 wy lati é1:
53_Ne 7
Droitwicn, a borough in Worcef-
terfhire, with a market on Friday. If
fends two members to parliament, and is
of great note for its falt-pits, from which,
they make fine ‘vhite falt. It-ig foated
on the Salwarp; fix miles eng of Wor-
cefter, and 1@8 wNw of London. Lon.
48 wy lat. 52 15 N.
Drome, a department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of Dau-
hiny. It is fo called froma river of the
ame name. .
DRONERO, a town of Piedmont; feated
at the foot of the Alps, on the river Ma-
era, over which is a bridge of prodigious
height. » gikee: od ae
RONFIELD, a towr in Derbyfhire;
with a market on Thurfday, and a frec-
{chool. It is fituate at’ the edge of thé
Peak, in fo wholefome‘an air, that the
inhabitants commonly live to a great age;
and it is therefore io:reforted to, that #t
abounds with gentry and fine buildings!
It is 28 miles nN of Derby, and 153
NNWof London, Lon. 1 25 w, lat. 53
8 N,
DRONTHEIM, a province of Norway,
bounded on the w by the ocean, on the N
by the government of Wardhuyss on the .
8 by that of Bergen, and on the £ by
Sweden, from which it is feparated by
high mountains. It is but ‘thin of
people, . » " ; ”
DRONTHEIM, a City of Norway, capi-
tal of a government of the fame name,
with an archbithop’s fee, and a ‘har.
bour. It carries on a great trade; is al-
moft furrounded by the fea and the river
Piddet; and is 270 miles Nw of. Stock-
holm. Lon. 11 9 8; lat.'63 26%. °~*
Drowned Lanps, a valuable. tra&
af about 50,000 atres, in the ftate of
New York, on the n fide of the“moun-
tains, in Orange County. The waters,
which defcend from the furrounding hills,
being flowly difcharged »by the river
Wallkill, cover thefe vaft meadows every
winter, and render them’ extremely fer-
tile; but they expofe the inhabitants in
the vicinity to intermittents.’ "The river
Wallkill, which paffes through this ex-
tenfive tract, and falls into Hud{on’s River,
is, in the {pring,: very plentifully {tored
with large eels. sabe .
DruMBOTE, a-town of Ireland, in
the county of Monaghan, eight milés
w of Dundalk. Lon, 6:3t-w, lat. ‘gy
10 N. } is j
DayMLANRIC; oo in Drumfries- .
+ :
DUB
- Sricg, in che diftri&t of Nithfdale; ree
markable for a woad of oak fix miles in
length. Here is a noble teat of the duke
of Queenfherry, kreened by woody hills,
and adorned with beautiful gardens. In
eof. the parks here, Mr. Gilpin faw @
fen of the wild cattle which ancitntly in-,
abited the woods of Scotland. heio
animals, he fays, are milk-white, except
their nofes, ears, and the orbits of their
eyes, which are black: they refemble the
¢ommon cow in many refpects; but their
- form.is more elegant, witha fpirited wild-
nefs in their looks,-and they bound. like
deer. Drumlanrig is feated on the river
With, 13 miles s of Dumfries. Lon. 3
31 W, lat. 55 25 .N.-
DrusenHEmMy a fortified; town of
Alface, on the river Moter, near the
Rhine, five miles 58 of Haguenauv.
. Drusegs, a people of Syria, on the
mountains Libanus- and Antilibanus.
‘They prétend. to. be defcended from. the
Fretich that went to conquer Jerufalem ;
gnd cal) themielves Chriftians: however,
are warlike, inused to labour, are
great enemies of the Turks, and have
ieir particular, princes, called Emirs. ,
DuBL1n, a county of Ireland, in the‘
Province of Leinfter, 27 miles in length,
and 17 in breadth; bounded on the zg by
the Ini Sca, on the n by Eaft Meath and
the Iridi Sea, on the w by Eaft Meath and
Kildare, and on the 8 by Wicklow. It
contains $7 parithes, four market-towns,
‘and one city, and fends 10 members to
parliament. 9-0
_ Duszin, the sapital of Ireland, in a
gounty of the fame name, with a bifhop’s
fe; {cated on the Liffey, in view of the
pie Sea on the £. Its form is that of a
iquare, two miles and a half in extent on
each fide, and it contains about 22,000
houles, whofe inhabitants are eftimated
1§6,000. With refpect to its ftreets,
wblin has a near-refen.blance to Lon-
don; great improvements: having been
lately made in regard both to conve-
Bience and embellishment; and there
are feveral magnificent fquares, fome of
which are newly built. It has two ca-
thedrals, 38 parith churches, two chapels
of eafe, 15 Roman catholic chapéls, 33
-meeting-houfes for difienters of various
denominations, three foreign churches,
cand a fynagogue. Among the principal
mblic buildings are the Caftle (the refi-
eace of the viceroy) the Parliament
Moufe, Trinity College, the Royal Ex-
@hange, the Cuftomhébufe, the Royal Hof-
ital of Kilmainham for invalids, and
Effex bridige, ane of the five bridges over
DUK
the Li The Houfe of Commons was
deltroyed by fire in 1792, but is now re-
built. The harbour is choked up by
two banks of fand, which prevent veffels
of large burden from going over the bar ;
a defeé& which will be remedied, no
doabt, by fome fine projeéted improve-
ments. A canal has been made from the
Liffey, which communicates with the
Shannon near Clonfert. Dublin is 60
miles w of Holyhead, in Wales, and 330
Nw of London. Lon. 6 6 wy lat. 53
2IN.
Duck CREEK, a town of N America,
in the ftate of Delaware. It carries on a
confiderable trade with Philadelphia; and
is 12 miles Nw of Dover.
Dubey; a town in Worcefterhhire,
with a market on Saturday, a a great
manufacture of nails and other iron-
wares. There is a church at each end
of the longeft ftreet. It is 10 mikes Nw
of Birmingham and 120 of London.
Lon: 2 o w, lat. 52 33 N-
DUERSTADE. See WICK-DB-DUER-
STADE. | f
DuisBurG, a town of Weftphalia, in
the duchy of Cleves, with < univerfity ;
feated on the Roer, near the Rhine, 12
miles N of Duffeldorf. Lon. 6 50 &, lat.
§1 22 N.
Duke or York’s IsLanpD, an ifland
in the S Pacific Ocean, difcovered by
commodore Byren in, 1765, lying Nn of
the Friendly Iflands. Great numbers of
feafowl were feen fitting on their nefts,
and fo devoid of fear, that they did not
attempt to move at the approach of the
feamen, but fuftered themfelves to. be
knocked down; a fign, that no human
being had ‘ever ‘before been there. The
ground was covered: by land-crabs, but
ho other animal was fren. Lon. 172
30 w, lat. 8 oS.
_ Duxe or Yorx’s Isnann, an ifland
in the S Pacific Ocean, about 10 miles
long, lying between Lord Howe’s,Group
and the sz point of New Ircland. The
natives go entirely naked; are ftout, well
made, and of a light copper colour; their
hair is woolly, but they drefs it with
greafe and pewder, and make it hang like
candlewicks. The powder is-a lime
made from hells or coral: they generally
cary itabort them ina govsd ; and, when
they are hoftilely difpofed, take a quantity
of it in their hand, from which, with a
ftrong blaft of the mouth, they blow it
before them: ata fmal] diftance, it has
the appearance of firing gunpowder, and,
no doubt, is meant as 2 token of defiance.
‘Their weapons. dre.lancts about 30 fest
DAS wag
hOW ree
up bv
veffels
(4 bar 3
ed, no
prove.
om the
th the
is 60
ind 330
lat. 53
Merica,
sona
a; and
rthire,
great
iron.
h end
cs NW
ondon.
JUER-
ia, in
erfity 5
Ine, 12
E, lat.
Band
ed b
5 N of
ers of
nefts,
id not
f the
to, be
luman
The
iy but
. 172
ifland
miles
rou
The
well’
their
with
like
DUM DUM
long, either made of a hard wood, like of Dumbartonthire, feate at the conflu-
ebony, or bamboo pointed with hard ence of the Leven and Clyde, with a ftone
wood: they have alfo flings, from which bridge over the former. Ité principal
they caft a round pebble with great force manufacture is glafe; but many of the
exactnefs ; a long unhandy kind young women are em in thé print-
of club. Moft of them chew the betle, fields on the banks of the Leven. Dum-
and ufe with it the chenan and a leaf, as barton Caftle, in which a garrifon is ftill
prattifed in the E Indies; by which their kept, is a place of fome rength j and,
mouths appear red, and their teeth, in in ancient times, was deemed impreg-
time, become black. The only mufical. nable: its fituation is very pifturefque,
in(trument among them is compofed of being ona yalt rock, with two tops of
feveral hollow reeds, of different lengths, unequal height, fteep on every fide, and
faftened together. Their huts are imall, rifing tothe height of s00 feet, amid a
and neatly made, chiefly of bamboo, and plain, unconnected with any high ground
placed under the fhade of a grove of for the {pace of a mile. Dumbarton is
cocoa-nut trees, witha fence before them, 15 miles wNw of Glafgow. Lon. 4 30
within which the plantain, banana, yam, W, lat. 56 oN.
fugar-cane, &c, are cultivated with fome | DUMBARTONSHIRE, ancientl als
pains. In fhort, the ifland is a perfect LENNOX, a county of Scotland, hore
garden, and produces, befide the plants on the N by Perththire, on the z by Stir-
above-mentioned, betle-nut, mangoes, lingfhire, on the s by the counties of
bread-fruit, and guavas. Here are alfo Lanerk and Renfrew, and on the w by
dogs, hogs, poultry, and fome fpices, Loch Loung, which divides it from Ar-
he nutmeg was feen by captainHunter, gylefhire. Its greateft length is 50 miles;
who anchored in Port Hunter Bay, in this its breadth not above 12. The w part
ifland, in May 1793. Lon. 152 42.8, of this county abounds with great mo-
lat. 4.7 S« raffles; but near the rivers it is fertile in
Duvas, a village on the nz fide of corn. See Lomonp, Locu.
the ifle of Anglefey, much frequented on Dumb ane, a village in Perththire,
account of the corn and butter trade; and remerkable for a battle, called the battle
for fern-athes.. Near it is.a red ochrey of Sheriff-muir, between the duke. of
earth, fit for painting, and veins of lead Argyle and the rebel earl of Mar, ia
ere. 1715.. At the upper end of the village is
DULDERSTADT, a town of Germany, a ruinous cathedral. It is 30 miles nw
in the duchy of Brunfwick, fubjeé&t tothe of Edinburgh. Mes
eleStor of Mentz, feated on the river DuMFERMLINE, aborough inFifefhire,
Whipper, 15 miles & of Gottingen, and which is a confiderable manufacturing
330 NE of Mentz. Lon. 10 348, lat. town, and has a good trade in linen goods,
gt 28 N. . particularly diapers, Here ts, a royal
DuLMEN, a town of Weltphalia, in palace, the births lace of Charles 1 and
the bithopric of Munfter, 18 miles sw of of the princefs Elifabeth, mother of the
Muniter. Lon. 7 4 W; lat. 5147.N. . prince $ Sophia, wite to George 1.
DuLVERTON,a town in Somertetfhire, juining to this was a magnificent abbey,
with a market on Saturday, feated on a part of the remains, of which now. ferve
branch of the Ex, 24 miles & of Barn- forachurch, In this place were buried
ftaple, and 164. w by $ of London. Lon. Malcolm and his.queen, and fevera] kings
3 30 Wy lat. 5x 3 N. of Scotland.. It is 15 miles N. w.of, Edin-
Duwic, a village in Surry, famous burgh. Lon. 3 27 wy, lat. 565.N.
for its college, founded by Ed Al- Dumrariss, a town of Virginja, on
Jeyn, a pringipal. performer of . Shak- the river Petomac.
Speare’s plays, in the reign of Elifabeth. §Dumpaigs, a royal borough of Scot-
He called it, The College of God’s land, capital of Dumfriethire, feated be
Gift, and endowed it, for a mawer, wax- tween two hills, onthe river Nith, Itis
den, and four fellows; three of whom a regular well-built town, eight. miles Nn
were to be divines, and the fourth an of Solway Frith, and 30 wnw of Car-
organitt; for fix poor men and fix paor lifle. Lon, 329 w, lat. 55 12N.
women, and for 32 poor boys, to beedu- DUMFRIESSHIRE, a county of Scot-
cated by two of thefellows. The mafter land, bounded on the N by the thires of
and warden are always to be of thename Lanerk and Peebles, on the & by thofe
of Alleyn or Allen, and to be finglemen. of Selkirk and Roxburgh, on the s by
[t.is five miles s of London, Solway Frith, and on the w by the
Dumaaaros, a bosough, the capital counties of Kirkcudbright and Ayr. It.
—s
SSS
= = =
— =
if
ve
;
TH
a 4
hl
i
i he
ay if
a6
Ohitie
Hi] i
pot
f
;
Ae
ai
i
t.
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Mt
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¢
DUN
38 so miles'long, and its greateft breadth
is 30. Seé ANNANDALE and Nitus-
DALE. ;
Duwnzar, aroyal borough in Hadding-
tonfhire, feated near the German Ocean,
It has a good harbour, which was for-
merly-defendéd by a caftle, built on a rock,
but is now in ruins. Under the rock,
on which the caftle ftands, are two natu-
ral arches, through which the tide flows ;
and betweefr the harbour ‘and the cattle,
js a ftratum of vaft bafaltic columns.
Dunbar is remarkable for the defeat of
John Baliol’s army by earl Warrenne, in
1296, aid for a victory gained by Crom-
well over the Scots, in 1650. It is 25
miles zg of Edinburgh. “Lon. 2 34 w,
lat. 56 ON. whi,
DuNCANNON, a fortrefs, and town of
Ireland, in the county of Wexford, feated
on the river Rots, fix miles & of Water-
ford. Lon. 6 46 w, ‘lat. 52 16 N.
* Dunpatk, a feaport of Ireland; in the
county of Louth, ona bay of the fame
name, 20 miles WNW of Drogheda. Lon.
6 17 Ww, lat. 54.12 N. fs hale
Dunvez, a royal borough in Anguf-
fhire, with ‘an excellent harbour. ‘The
new church and the town-honfe are ele-
gant ftructures. The loity Gothie‘tower,
in the middle of the’town; is part of 4
magnificent confecrated edifice, built in
the rzthcentury. “Here aré manufactures
of glafs, coarfe linen, failcloth, cordage,
thread, buckram, tanned ‘leather, thoes,
and hats; arid alfo a fugar-houle. Th.
inhabitants are computed at 16,006. It
is feated on the WN fide of the frith of
‘Tay, 14 miles- nw of St. Andrew's.
Lon: 2°55 wi lat. 56-30 N. an
* -DvmMeEBuUR'G, a town: of Livonia, on
the Dwina, go miles sz of Riga. -Lon.
27°OE, lat. 56 SN.
DUNGANNON, a town of frelard, “in
‘the county of Tyrone,'11 miles NNw of
Armagh. Lon. 6 39 w; lat. 54 38 N.°
-DUNGARVON, 2 feaport of Ireland, in
the county of ‘Waterford, feated on Dun-
Bay, 22 miles sw of Waterford.
On. 7 29 W, lat. 526 N.
‘ DUNGENESS, a capé, on the coaft of
Kent, eight miles s by w of Romney.
Lon. © 59 £, lat. 50 52 N. | .
DuNKELD, a town in Perthhhire, fitu-
ate amid vaft rocks, partly naked, and
partly wooded, under which the: Tay
rolls its majeftic ftream. Its romantic
fituation, and the benefit of drinking
goats whey, render this place the refort
of much genteel company in fummer. It
is the market-town of the Highlands on
DUN:
linen. ‘The duke of Athol ‘has a fine
feat here, fkreened by the Grampian
mountains ; and near it are the ruins of
a cathedral, part of which ancient ftruc-’
ture is now the parifh church. Dunkeld
is 12 miles N of Perth. Lon. 3 36 w,
lat. 56 35 .N.
Dunkirk, a confiderable feaport of
France, in the department of the North
and late French Flanders. It was taken
fiom the Spaniards by the Englifh and
French in 1658, and put into the hands of
the Englifh, but fold
Charles 11, in 1662. Lewis x1v made
it one ‘of the beft fortified ports in the
kingdom; but all the vaft and expenfive
works were*demolifhed, and the bafins
filled up, in‘confequence of the treaty of
Utrecht, in‘ 1713 ‘The ‘Freneh atter-
ward :refumed the works ; but they were
ordered to be demolithed by the peace of
¥763, when: it was fti lated that an
Englith commiflary fhould refide at Dun-
kirk, in order to feethat the terms of the
treaty were ftriftly adhered to. By the
peace of 1783, ‘the commiffary was
withdrawn, and the French were left to
refume the works. The Englith attempted
to lay fiege to this place, in 1793, but
were obliged; ’ by a fuperior sd to re-
tire. -Itts 22,iniles swof Oftend: ‘Lon.
2 2B 8, fat. sro Nee) FOL Qe
DuN-LE-ROI, a town of France, in
the department of Cher and late province
of Berry, 20 miles s of Bourges. Lon.
229 E; lat. 4645N. (°° +) ,
Dun.op, fometimes: pronounced: De-
LAP; -a-village in Ayrhhire, im the dif-
trict of Cunningham, celebrated for rich
and delicate cheefe. i
+~ DuNMow, GREAT, a town, of Effex;
with a market‘ on Saturdaf, and-a manu-
facture of bays. It is 13 miles N of
‘Chelmsford, and 40 NE of London. - Lon.
© 24 E, lat. 53° 54.N. Ls
Dunmow, Lire, a village in Ef
fex, adjoining to Great Dunmow. It
‘had once‘ a'pridry 5 and is {till famous for
‘the euftom initituted in’ the reign. of
‘Henry 111, by Robert/de'Fitzwalter,!and
now the tenure of the manor; namely,
that whatever married couple will go to
‘the priory, and fwear, kneeling upon two
‘pointed ftones, that they have not quar-
relled, nor repented of their marriage,
‘within a year and: a day after it took
-place,' fhall receive a flitch of bacon.
Some old records mention feveral that
have claimed and received it. It has
‘been attually received fo lately as fince
the year 1750, by a weaver and his wife,
that fide, and carries ‘on a manufacture of ‘of Coggethal, in Effex, It-has been &-
to) the Freneh by
f
1
f
DUR DUR
manded more recently ftill; but the cere- falt-works, in a fertile country. Lon.
mony being attended with a great expence 1050 Ww, lat. 24 fe N.
to the lord of the manor, the demand is Durazzo, a village of Albania, with
flow evaded, a Greek archbifhop’s fee. It has a ruined
DUNNINGTON,a town in Lincolnhise, fortre{s, and a good harbour on the gulf
with a market on Saturday, 27 miles sx of Venice, 50 miles N of Valona. Lon.
of Lincoln, and 111 NOf London. Lon. 19 19 £, lat. 41 54.
©7 Wy lat. 52 55. Ne Dury, a town of French Luxem-
DuNNOSE, a cape, onthe $ fide of the burg, capital of a county of the fame
Ifle of Wight, Lon. 1 16 w, lat. 50 name, feated on the Outre, 20 miles s.of
33 N. ‘ Liege. Lon. 5 28 £, lat. 58 18 N.
Duns, atownin Berwickthire, fituate © DurckeiM, a town of Germany, in
between the forks of the rivers Black- the palatinate of thr Rhine, 12 miles nz
adder and Whiteadder, in a rich and fer- of Neuftadt, Lon. 8.23 £, lat. 49 26 N.
tile country, 12 miles w of Berwick upon Duren, a town of Germany, in the
Tweed. ,Lon.2 § w, lat. 55 46N. duchy of Juliers, on the*river Roer, 12
DUNSTABLE, a town in Bedfordfhire, miles §,of Julicrs. Lon. 6 408, lat.
with ‘a market on Wednefday. It is 5044.M.., 24 los Ei eset
feated on a dry chalky hill, and has four ‘ DukHAM, a county of i Sod cal-
ftreets, which regard the four cardinal led the bifhopric of Durham, ‘bot on
oints. The church is the remainder of the, N by Northumberland, on the g& by
prioty, and’ oppofite to it ig afarm- the German Ocean, on the s and sw, by
houfe, once a royal palace. Dunttable is Yorkthire, and on the w by Weftmarse
famous for elegant Batkets, &c. made of land and Cumberland. It extends 37
ftraw, which ‘are even an article of ex- miles from N to 8, and 47, fom 8 to Ww;
portation. It is 17 miles $ of Bediord, contains one city, feven’ market-towns,
and 34, NW of London. Lon. 9 29.w, and 113 parithes; and fends four members
Jat. 51 59 N. *. to,parliament. The air is wholefome,
DUNSTAFFNAGE, a Venerable caltle, and though very tharp in the weitern parts,
neat Loch Etive, jn: Argylethire, for- is mildér toward the’ fea, whofe warm
merly' royal palace, dnd afterward the vapours mitigate the feverity of the winter
feat’ of the lord of the ifles. ’ ‘ feafons. The foil is. very various; the
DuNsrer, aruinous cattle onahigh Ww _ fide being mountainous and barren
rock; on the coaft of Kincardinefhire, 12 while the g and s confift of beautiful
mhiles 8 of Aberdeen. It belonged to the meadows, woods, and corn-fields. Im-
family of Keith, earls marfhal of Scot- menfe quantities of coal, lead, and iron,
land. i are found in the bowels of the earth.
Dunster, a town in Somert(ethhire, ‘The principal rivers are the Wear, Tees,
with a market on Friday, and ‘a harbour Tyne, ‘and Derwent. — Sy Salcoth
on the Briftol Channel. It is 20 miles | DurHam, the capital of, she County oF
ww of Taunton, and 1§8' w of London.. Durham, with a market on Saturday,
Lon. 3.41 wy lat. 51 13°'N. and a bifhop’s fee. It is.compactly built
Duxwicu, a borough in Suffolk, with ona hill, on a beautiful winging of the
a market on Saturday. It is feated at the Wear, over which are two {tone bridges.
top of a loofe cliff, and was formerly a Its cathedral is'a large and magnificent
bithop’s fee, but it is now only the re- edifice. It is furrounded by a wall, and
mains of'a town, all but two parifhes be- has a caftle, now the bifhop’s palace,
ing fwallowed up by the fea. It fends feated on the higheft part of the bill. It
two members to’ parliament, and is 24 contains fix parith churches, befide the
miles s of Yarmouth, and 99 N of Lon- cathedral, and is, well inhabited. Dug.
don. Lon. 1 558, lat. 52 21 N. ’ ham has ,a manufaéture of thalloons,
DuRANCE, a river of France, which tammies, and calamancoes; and around
is formed near Briangon, of the rivulets it are grown large quantities of the bef
Dure and Ance, and watering Embrun, muftard. Nevil’s Crofs, near this city,
Tallard, Sifteron, Monofque, and Cava- was ereéted m memory of the victory ob-
illon, ‘falls into the Rhone, below Avig- ‘tained' by queen Philippa, in 1346, over
Ron. ’ David Bruce, king of Scotland, who was
DuRANGO, a populous town of Spain, taken prifoner in this battle. Durham
in Bifcay, 14 miles sz of Bilboa. Lon. fends two members to parliament; is 14
2 56 w, lat. 43 18N. * miles s of Newcaftle, and 257 N by w of
_DuRranco, a town of New Spain, in London. Lon. 1 27 w, lat. 54 ON.
New Bifcay, with a bifhop’s fee, and good «=96» DURSLEY, a townin Glouceterthire,
<n Ah ANA tt aad
ee
ni
My)
vit
(hi
ti
EAR
with a market on Thurfday, and a caftle,
how in ruins. It is inhabited by élothiers;
and feated near the Severn, 13 miles 5'
of Gloucefter, and 167 w of London,
Lon. 2 23 W, lat. 51 40N.°
* Dusxy Bay, a bay of the ifland of
New Zesland, in the S Pacific Ocean.
Lon. 166 18 E,. lat. 45 475.
Dussetporr, a ftrong city, capital
of the duchy of Berg. It contains about
28,000 inhabitants, including the garri-
fon. It was formerly the refidence of the
eleGtor palatine, contiguous to whole
palace is'a celebrated gallery of paintings.
A new town, called Carlftadt, is nearly
Completed. Itis divided into ‘fix régiilar
warters that open into an extenfivé
quare ; ‘and, from the uniformity, of the
buildings (exclufive of the new palace;
and acattemy of painting). forms 4 beau,
tiful addition to the ald'city.’ Pye
was’ taken by the French in 1745, Iti
feated' on the river’ Duffel, near the Rhine,
22 miles Nw of Cologne, Lon, 6 §2 2,
lat. sy"t2'N.* jaane eae
Dur mcen,’ a'town of Suabia, with
a bridge’overthe Danube, and a‘caftle,
fedted on 4 moutitain. It belongs‘fo the
duke ‘of Wirtemburg, and is 33 “miles
NW ‘of 'Conftance.' “Lon. 9 2B, lat. 48
jon. i. ‘ | oe ii wa
DuyYVELAND, one, of the iflands: of
Zealand, in the Unitéd’ Provinces, £ of
Schowen, from iyhich it is feparated by a
Narrow channel, + a
*“DwiwNa, ariver of Ruffia, which runs
from $ to N and falls into the White
Sea, at Archangel. pag
* Dwina, a river of Lithuania, which
divides Livonia from Courland, and falls
into thé Baltic, bélow Riga. :
‘Dysart, a borough in Fifefhire, ©
‘féated on thie frith of Forth, 11 miles N
Edinburgh. ‘It has a confiderable trade
fn coal. Lon. 3 6 w, lat. 569 N.
E.
ae RO one of ‘the Friendly If-
; Tands, in the S Pacific Ocean, dif-
covered by Tafinan, in 1643, and by him
naméd Middleburg. .The land: gently
‘rifes to.a.confiderable height, , prefenting
‘a heautiful profpeéct of extenfive meadows,
‘adorhed with tufts of trees, and inter-
‘mixed with plantations. Lon, 174 30
“W, lat. al 24 §- tt F
“ EARLSTON, or EARSILTON, a town
‘fn Berwickfhire, feated om the river
Leader, 35 miles sz of Edinburgh. It is
BEBE
the bi ce of the celebrated Thom
thie then, whole real riame win
Thonias Lermont’s the ruins of the little
tower he pofféfied, Mill remain at the w
end of the town, _A little below Earlf-
ton, on a rocky bank overlooking the
Leadér, ftands “Cowdenknows, an old
building, now ‘fomewhat modegnized;
and, on the adjacent knolls, may be feen
the remains of its broom, fo renowned in
Scottith ditty. | ° OF aa Neenah
Earn, @ river, which iffues from a
lake of the fame name, in Perththire,
sheatders for above 20 miles, through the
valley of Strathearh, and joins the Tay,
bélow Perth.” wey
Earne, a ‘Take of Argipod,, in the
county of Fermanagh, 30 miles in length,
It is narrow in the middle; and in this
is an ifland on which, ftands , Inni,
illing. vaste
: Eastpou RN, a town in Suffex, noted
for plenty of the birds. called wheatears,
and as a place of refort for bathing. It
is feated near the Englith Channel, 15
miles gs of Lewes, and, 65 ssz of
London. ae ci ao
Easter I8LaNp, an ifland inthe S$ Pa,
cific Ocean, 12 leagues in circuit. . It-has
a hilly and ftony iprface, an iron-bound
fhore, and affords neither fafe anchora €,
frefh ‘water, nor woed for fuel. It is the
fame that was feen by Davis in 3686; it
was next vilited by Rog ewein in 1722,
and again by captain Cook in 1774.. The
country is naturally barren ; ahd OP the
only quadrupeds, and there are but, few
birds. The gars, of the people.are long *
beyond proportion), and their, .bodies
{carcély ‘any thing of the human figure.
Lon. 109 46. W, Jat. 27.5.8... ite
East Loog. See Looe, EAsT,.a
fo with other words ‘that, have the fame
EAasTOn, the ca ital, f the county af
Northampton, in ‘ntighvaiies, at the
Lon. 75 17 W; lat. 40 23 N.
EASTONNESS, the moft eafterly cape
9
oP Southwold Ray...
the department of Gers.and late drone
Lon. 30 E,. lat 4.N. 7
ERganact, 4, own. of Germany, in
the palatinate of the Rhine, remarkable far
ro miles ng.of Heidelherg., Lon. 8 56
E, lat. 49 26 N.
name of. pofitian.
confluence of the. Leigh and ‘Delaware.
the coaft of Suffolk, and the N point
_EAUSE, an ancient town of Frayee, in
of Armagnac, 17 Yniles sw.of Condom.
its wine. It is, feated on the. Neckar,
EBERBERG, a caitle of Germany, in
the palatinate of the Rhine, seated at the
EDD
esinituerice of the Nabe. and Alfen, eight
pes uy oF Creutanach,., Lon. 7 52 &,
4 Win. nie akbaiabe
bats tee a diftri& and caftle of
“Sudbia, fubject to the margrave of Baden.
e,caftle is the chief place, fix miles sz
“Of Baden. Lon. 8 20 By lat..48 46 N.
-EBBRSTELN, a. town of France, in
“Alface, eight miles sw of Strafburg. Lon.
7.46 B, lat. 48 29 .N.
* EBERVILLE, a town of France, in the
department of Puy-de-Dome and late
‘province of Auvergne, with a late rich
enediftine abbey. It js feated on the
“Scioule, eight miles Nz of Riom. Lon.
.3.45.B» lat.45 59 N.
. Esro, a river of Spain, which rifes
in the mountains of Santillane, in Old
Caftile, and watering Saragofla and Tor-
toffa, falls into the Mediterranean.
ECATERRINENSLAF. See CatTuHa-
RINENSLAF.
‘ECCLEFECHAN, a Village in Dumfrief-
fhire, noted for its great monthly market
for cattle. It is'10 miles sz of Dum-
fries.
ECCLESHAL, a town in Staffordhhire,
with a market on Friday. It is feated on
a branch of the river Sow, and the bitho
of Lichfield and Coventry has a ‘caftle
here. It is fix miles ww of Stafford and
143 of London. Lon. 2 9 w, lat. 53
2N, ;
EcCHTERNACH, a town of Auftrian
Luxemburg, on, the river Sout, ina valley
furrounded by mountains, 18 miles NE
of Luxemburg. , Lon. .6 33 E, lat. 49
_§O.N. ager:
Ecya, or Eziya, an epifcopal town
of Spain, in Andalufia, feated on the
Zenil, 28 miles sw of Cordova. Lon.
4 27 W, lat. 37 39N.
-Epam, a town of N Holland, :famous
for ‘ts red rind cheefes, and feated on the
Zuider-Zee, 20 miles N by B of Amfter-
dam. Lon. 4.58 g, lat. 52 32 N.
Eppysrone, the name of fome rocks
in the Englifh Channel, which caule va-
riety of contrary fets of the tide or-cur-
rent. in their vicinity. They are fituate
ssw from the middle of Plymouth Sound,
“at the diftance of 14 miles.. They are
almoft in the line which joins the Start
and the Lizard Points, and their fituation
‘with regard to the Atlantic is fuch, that
_all the ke feas, from the sw come, un-
controlled upon.the Eddyftone rocks, and
~break.thereon with the utmoft fury. On
the principal rock (for the reft. are under
water), Mr...Winftanley,, in 1596, under-
“took to build lighthouses; and he com-
pleted it in r700. This ingenious ‘me-
ED
“ehidbic'was fo certain of the ‘ability of
this ftrugture, that he declared it wa
‘wilh to be ings during the molt fh.
ous form... , nfortunately, he had hie
with: it was deftroyed in the dreadfyl
ftorm, November 27,1793, when he pe-
rifhed in it. Jn 1709, another built of
wood, but on a different conftruétion, was
‘eregted by Mr. Rudyard, which was con.
fumed by fire in 1755. Another, of ftene,
was begun by the celebrated Mr. Smeaton,
on April a, 1757, and finithed Augutt
24, 1759- The rock, which flopes to-
ward the sw, is cut into horizontal "
into which are dovetailed, and united bj
a ftrong cement, Portland ftone, and
nite. The whole, to the height of 3¢
feet from the foundation, is a foli* of
ftones, engrafted into each other, and
united by every means of additional
ftrength. The building has four rooms,
one over the other, and at the top a gal-
lery and lantern. The ftane floors
flat above, but concave beneath, and are
kept from preffing againft the fides of the
building by a chain let into the walls. It
is nearly 80 feet high, and fince its come
pletion has been aflaulted by the of
the elements, without erat the
injury; and, in all probabi ity, nothing
but an earthquake ean deftroy it. Its
diftance from the Ram Head, the neareft
point of land, ‘is 12: miles. Lon.4¢24
W, lat. 50 8N.
EDEN, a river which rifes in Wefte
morland, on the confines of Yorkthire,
and running N by Appleby and Carlifle,
falls into Solway vith. /
EDENTON, a town of N Carolina, on
the N fide of Albemarle. Sound, with an
epifcopal church. Its fituation is advan-
tageous for trade, but not far health. Ie
is the capital of Chowan County, and
78 miles s by w of Williamfburgh.
Lon. 76 40 wy lat. 95 58 N.
EDGHILL, a village in Warwickhhire,
where the firft battle was fought between
Charles 1 and the parliament, in 2642.
It is 14 miles s of Warwick. ,
EDGWARE, a town in Middlefex, with
a market on Thurfday, eight miles sw
of London. Lon. o 14.W, lat..51 37 Ws
_Epinpurcn, the capital of Scotland,
ina county of the fame.name, feated oa
three hills, or ridges, which run from
EB ta Wy, in a direction .almoft parallel.
On. the. middle ridge, which ;is narrow
and ifteep, ftands the Old .Town: .the
Noxth.Town is feated our ana}erabeee iy
gently floping on every..fade ; ‘and .the
South Town. ftands alfo.on a funilar 9 -
ing’ eminence. The form of the
6.
PE TR Ect ye os GRE ——
; ——_— A ele Reese ™
oe epee
|
&
{
EDI
Town refembles that of a turtles the cattle
being the head; the High Street, the ridge
‘of the back ; the narrow lanes (which are
called clotes) the thelving fides; and
Hol Houle, the tail. On each fide
of this hill was once a lake. The 8 valley,
drained of its waters, is occupied by Cow-
te Street. The n valley is alfo drained;
ut a difagreeable morais remains, which
is ftill called the N Loch. The ancient
eaftle is feated ona high, cragEy, and
precipitous rock, with a drawbridge on
the only fide that is acceffible: here is
fhown the a nt in which was born
‘James vi of Scotland, afterward James 1
of England. In the High Street is the
‘ancient church of St. Giles, a fine Gothic
ftructure, which has four churches under
its roof, Near this is the building in
which the Scotch parliament were ulually
convened: it is now occupied by the
courts of Juftice; and has a magnificent
lofty hall. The palace of Holyrood Houte
forms a grand quadrangle, with a court
in the centre furrounded by piazzas: the
Nw towers were built by James v, and the
whole was completed in the reign of
Charles 11. A {pacious gallery here is
hung with the pi¢tures of 111 monarchs,
from Fergus 1, to James vi, the greateit
part of them imaginary. In the Nw
tower is fhown the chamber where queen
Mary fat at fupper, when Rizzio was
‘dragged from her fide and murdered, and
the private ftaircafe by which Ruthven
entered with the affaffins, to perpetrate
the ruthlefs deed. Adjoining, are the
magnificent ruins of an abbey, founded
by David 1, in 1128, and converted by
Charles 1 into a royal chapel. The
‘communication between the N and s parts
of Edinburgh is by two noble bridges ;
the N one built in 1763, and the s in
785. The N Town has many new
dquares and ftreets, adorned with uniform
and elegant houfes. The buildings of
the S Town are ‘likewife elegant and ex-
tenfive; and the New College, begun in
1789, forms a very ftriking object. The
univerfity of Edinburgh: is celebrated
in all quarters of the world; and its me-
dical fehool, in particular, is entitled to
the firft rank. Of the other buildings in
‘Edinburgh, a few only can be noticed:
the Royal Exchange, built in 1753; the
‘Regifter Office; the Phyfician’s Hall ;
‘Heriot’s Hofpital, a Gothi¢e ftrudture,
‘founded in 1628, for ‘the education of
‘240 poor boys; Watfon’s Hofpital, for
‘the fupport of the fons of decayed mer-
‘ehants ; a Royal-Infirmary, incerporated
‘Bitfen.
“by charter: in1736; the Public
-
EGR
fary; and fome other public chasities,
The churches, both prefyteran and epif.
copal, and other places of worthip, of
various denominations, afe numerous..
The public places of amulement are, the
Affembly Rooms, the Concert Hall, the
Hall for the Royal Archers, the Theatre
Royal, and the Equeftrian Circus. Edisi-
burgh, with its deperidencies, is fuppofed
to contain 100,000 inhabitants. fe is
fupplied with water, conveyed in iron
piper, from Comifton, four miles to the
- It is governed by a lord provoft,
four bailiffs, and a common council, and
fends one member to parliament. Jt is
two miles s of Leith, 54 wnw of Ber.
wick upon Tweed, and 389 N by w of
London. Lon. 3 7 Wy, lat. §5 58 N.
See LEITH.
EDINBURGHSHIRE, @ county of Scot-
land, called alfo Mid Lothian; bounded
on the N by Vifefhire, from which it is
divided by ti ‘rith of Forth; on the &
by the thires: ..addington and Berwick ;
on the 8 by tnat of Peebles; and on the
N and Nw by thofe of Lanerk and Linlith-
gow. Its length, between the extreme
points, is 35 miles ; its greateft breadth 16.
EpnaM, a village near Kelfo, in Rox-
burgthire, feated on the Tweed. It is
the birthplace of the poet Thoméon.
EFFERDING, a town of Upper Auftria,
detended by two caftles, eight miles w of
Lintz. Lon. 13 52 £, lat. 4% 18 N.
EFFINGHAM, 2 village in Surry, once,
according to tradition, a populous town,
containing 16:churches. hare are, cer-
tainly, proofs of its baving been a much
larger place ; for wells, and cavities like
cellars, have been frequently found in the
neighbouring fields and woods; and, in
the church, are fome ancient ftalls and
monuments. It is 12 miles Ne of Guild-
ford, and 17 sw of London.
EGG, a fertile little ifland, one of the
Hebrides of Scotland, to the 5 of Skye.
Ecuam, a village in Surry, which
has a neat almfhoufe for fix men and fix
women, with a {chool for the education of
20 boys, founded by Mr. Henry Strode,
in 1706; a1.4 another almfhoule, for: fix
men and fix women, founded by judge
Denham, father of the poet of that name.
Near this piste is the celebrated Runny-
mead. Egham is feated’ near the
Thames, 18 miles w by s of London.’
EGLISAU, ‘an ancient town of Swiffer.
land, in the canton of Zuric, feated on the
Rhine, '13 miles n of Zuric. Lon. 830
E, lat. 47 33 Ne bbs
EGRA, 2 town of Bohemia, formerly
imperial. It was taken by the French in
EGY EGY
1742, but they were forced to evacuate the power of the califs declined, Saladine
it the next year. Its mineral waters a. fet up the empire of the Mamlouks, which
famous. It is feated on the Eger, go became fo powerful in time, that they ex-
miles w of Prague. Len. 13 40 £, lat, tended their dominions over a great part
5° 9N. of Africa, a and Arabia. Lait of
EGREMONT, a town in Cumberland, all, Selim, a ‘T'urkith emperor, conquered
with a market on Saturday. It is feated Egypt. The prefent population of Egypt
near the Irith Sea, on the river Eben, is computed at 2,300,000. The in-
over which are two bridges; and on the habitants are compofed of four different
ak of a hill is acaftle, It fent mem- races of people j the Turks, who pretend
ers to parliament in the reign of Ed- to be matters of the country; the Arabs,
ward 1, and is 14 miles sw of Cockes- who were conquered by the Turks; the
mouth, and 299 Nw of Loncon. Lon. 3 Cophts, who are defcended fiom the firft
35 Ws lat. 54 32 N. Egyptians that became Chriftians ; and
EcyPprt, a country of Africa, 600 miles the Mamlouks, who were originally Cir-
in length, and 250 where broadeft ; caffian or Mingrelian flaves, and being the
bounded on the N by the Mediterranean, only military force, are the real matters
on the s by Nubia, on the gE by the Ked of the country, Egypt has been, for
Sca and the ifthmus of Suez, and onthe many years, diftrated by the civil wars
Ww by the deferts to the E of Fezzan. The between the different contending beys, b
broadeft part is from Alexandria to Da- which ics 24 hag were governed,
mietta, and thence it’ gradually grows The famous Haffan Ali, the Turkith
narrower, till it approaches Nubia. This admiral, gained feveral victories over them
country, fo famous in hiftory, has notan in 1786; but though he repreffed, he
extent proportionable ‘to the defcription could not totally fubdue them; and the
the ancients have given of it; but when Ottoman power in this country is now
we confider the fertility of the country, {uppofed to be extremely precarious.
that not a foot of ground remained un- Egypt carried on a confiderable trade in
cultivated, and that there was a great E India commodities, till the Portuguefe
number of canals, which are now filled found the way round the Cape of Good
up, their accounts do not feem improbable, Hope. However the merchants of Eu-
Egypt is divided into the Upper, Middle, rope vifit the harbours in the Mediterra-
and Lower; which laft comprehends the nean, and import and export feveral forts
Delta; and though the air is naturally of merchandile; and from other parts the
hot, and not very wholefome, it enjoys {o natives get elephants teeth, ebony, gold
many other advantages, that it has been duit, muik, civet, ambergris, and coffee.
always extremely populous. The ancient The gold duft is brought from Negroland
kings governed Egypt, till Cambyfes be- to Fez and’ Morocco, and thence to Cairo,
came matter of it, §25 years B.C. and in Over immenfe deferts. The principal
their time all thofe wonderful ftru&ures commodities which the merchants pur-
were raifed, which we cannot behold with- chafe, are coffee; fenna, caffia, rhubarb,
out aftonifhment. Thefe are the pyramids, fal ammoniac, myrrh, fatfron, faltpetre,
the labyrinth, the immenfe grottos of the aloes, opium, indigo, fugar, fandal wood,
Thebais; the obelifks, temples, and pom- datés, cotton cloth, &c. The complexion
pous palaces; the lake Meerjs, and the of the Egyptians is tawny, and the iurther
vatt canals, which férved both for trade, 8S the darker, fo that thole near Nubia
‘and te render the land fruitful. After are almoft black. They are generally
this conqueft, Cambyfes demolifhed the indolent and cowardly,: the richer fort
temples, and perfecuted the priefts. This do nothing all day but drink coffee, finoke
country continued under the Perfian yoke tobacco, and fleep; and they are igno-
till the time of Alexander the Great, who, Yant, proud, haughty, and ridiculoufly
having conquered Pertfia, built the city of vain. From March to November, the
Alexandria. He was fucceeded by Pto- heat, to an European, is almoft infup-
‘lemy, the fon of Lagos, 324 years B. C. portable; but the other months are more
Ten kings of that name fucceeded each temperate. The 8 winds are by the na-
other, till Cleopatra, the filter of the laft tives called poifonous winds, or the hot
Ptolemy, afcended the throne; when winds of the deferts: they are of fuch ex-
Egypt became a Roman province, ‘and treme heat and aridity, that no animated
continued {0 till the reign of Otnar, the body expofed to it can withftand its fatad
fecond calif of the fucceflors'of Mahomet, influence. ‘During the three days that
‘who drove away the Romans, after it had it generally lafts, the ftreets are deferted ;
been in their hands 700 years.” When ‘and-woe to the traveller whom this widd
enn
\
\
i
h ss
\
|
EH
furprifes remote from fhelter. It rains
very feldom in Egypt; but that want is
fully fupplied by the annual inundation
of the Nile. When the waters retire, all
the ground is covered with mud; then
they only harrow their corn into it, and,
in the following March, they have ufually
a plentiful harveft: their rice fields are
fupplied with water from canals and re-
fervoirs. There is‘no place in the world
better furnifked with corn, fleth, fith,
fugar, fruits, and all forts of garden-ftuff;
and in Lower Egypt are oranges, lemons,
figs, dates, almonds, caffia, and plantains,
in great plenty. ‘The fands are fo fubtile
that they penetrate into the elofets, chefts,
and cabinets, which, with the hot winds,
are probably the caufe of fore eyes being
fo very common he ‘The pein of
Egypt are tigers, hyenas, antelopes, apes,
biscb-cattle, "fine herfes, large ate, rh
codiles, the hippepotamus, the camelion,
and a kind of rat called ichneumon; of-
triches, eagles, hawks, pelicans, water-
fowls of all kinds, and the ibis, which
refembles a duck, and was deified by the
ancient Egyptians, on account of its de-
ftroying ferpents and noxious infects.
Here is a ferpent called ihe ceraftes, or
horned viper, whofe bite is fatal to thofe
who have not the fecret of guarding
againft it: for fome of the natives can
play with the ceraftes, and it will not at-
tempt to bite them ; but when applied
to a hen, or any other animal, it has in-
ftantly bit and killed them. Late au-
thors have expatiated on the curious fub-
je&t of the incantation of {erpents, and
haveno doubt of its reality : it is certain]
alluded to in holy writ. (See Pfal. 'viii.
4,5. Ecclef. x. 11. and Jerem. viii. 17.)
‘The pyramids of Egypt are noticed by
all travellers; the largeft takes up ten
acres of ground, and is, as well as the
reft, built upon a rock. Here are alfo
caverns, out of which they get the mum-
mies, or embalmed dead bodies, which
are found in coffins fet upright in niches
of the walls, and have continued iheye at
leaft 4000 years: many of thele have
been brought to England, and were for-
merly deemed of great ufe in medicine.
The principal city is Cairo. See Pyra-
MIDS, NiLg, and Carro.
EGYPTEN, a town of the duchy ef
Courland, 100 miles sz of Mittau. Lon.
26 40 £, lat. 562M. é
EuIGEN, the name of two {mall towns
of Suabia, the one near the Danube, and
the other on the Neckar, They belong
to the houfe of Avuftsia. The. former is
ELB
in lon. 9 45 £, lat. 48 18 N, and the
latter in lon. 8 45 &, lat. 48 25 N.
EWRENBREITSTEIN, a very ancient
caftle, in the ele&torate of Treves, on the
E bank .of the Rhine, oppofite Coblentz.
It ftands on the fummit of a ftupendous
rock, not lefs than 800 feet above the
devel of the river, and is thought, when
fupported by a competent garriion, to be
impregnable. It.-has a communication
with Coblentz, by fubterraneous paflages,
cut out of the folid rock; and is plen-
tifully fupplied with water, from a well
280 teet deep. In the centre of a large
fquare in this fortrefs, is placed a cannon,
fuppofed to be the largeft in Europe; it
was caft in 1528, weighs 300 quintals,
and projects a ball of 180 pounds,
upward of 12 miles. The profpect from
this caftle is majeftic, extenfive, and va-
riegated; and the ftream at its foot, is
decorated with two imall iflands, on each
of which is a convent. In the vale of
Ehrenbreitftein, is the old palate of the
elector. This fortrefs was befieged by
the French, in 1796, above three months ;
but on the 17th of September the Auf-
trians compelled them to retreat.
ErMEO, one of the Society Ifles, in
the S Pacific Ocean, lying near Ota-
heite, and vifited by captain Cook in
his laft voyage.. The produéte of the
two iflands, and the Magners of the
eople, are much the fame. Eimeo has
teep rugged hills, running in different
direStions, leaving large vallies, and
gently rifing ground about their fides.
The hills, though rocky, are generally
covered with trees almoft to the tops.
ErmBECK, a town of Germany, in
the territory of Grubenhagen, 25 miles
sof Hildefheim. Lon. 100 £, lat. §1 46 N.
EIsLEBEN, a town of Germany, in
the county of Mansfeld, famous as the
birthplace of Luther. It is five’miles E of
Mansfeld. Lon. 12 16 £, lat. 51 42 Ne
EIsNacd, a town of Thuringia, ca-
pital of a diftrigt of the fame name, with
a celebrated college, 36 miles w of
Erfurt. Lon. 10 25 E, lat. 50 59 N.
EITHAN, or YTHAN, a river in Abeé-
deenfhire, which croffes that county in
a SE direétion, and falls into the Britith
Ocean, at Newburgh.
EKEREFORD, a town of Denmark, in
the duchy of Slefwick, feated on the Bal-
tic, 12 miles sg of Slefwick. Lon. 10
30 EB, lat. 54 56 N. es
EBA, an ifland on'the coat of Tuf-
cany, remarkable for mines of iron and
loaddone, and quarries of manwle, Zt is
_—
ELE
fubje&t to the prince of Piombino, under
the protection of the king of Naples,
who. is in pofleffion of Porto-Longone ;
and the grand duke of Tu icany has
Porto-Ferrajo.
ELBASSANO, a town of Albania, 45
miles sf of Durazzo. Lon. 20 g &, lat.
41 34.N.
E sg, a large river of Germany, which
rifes in the Mountain of the Giants, on
the. confines of Bohemia and Silefia;
flows to Koningfgratz, Leutzmeritz,
Drefden, Deflaw, Meiffen, Wittemberg,
Magdeberg, Hamburg, and Gluckitade,
and enters the German Ocean, at Crux-
haven. It is navigable for large fhips
to Hamburg, which is 70 miles trom the
fea; a courfe of navigation longer than
that of any other river in Europe.
ELsBeur, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Seine and late
rovince of Normandy. It has a manu-
acture of cloth, and is feated on. the
Seine, 1o miles s of Rouen, and 65
Nw of Paris. Lon. 1 8 £, lat. 49 19 N.
_ Evsinc, a ftrong town of Welt::n
Pi wiia, in the palatinate of Marienburg.
It carries on a confiderable trade, and is
feated near the Baltic Sea, 30 miles sz
of Dantzic, and 100 N by w of Wartaw.
Lon. 19 35 E, lat. 54.9 N.
ELBOGEN, a town oi DSohemia, capital
of acircle of the fame name, with a ci-
tadel, on the river Eger, 16 miles NE of
Egra. Lon. 130 £, lat. 50.16 N,
ELBURG, a town of the United Provin-
ces, in Guelderland, on the E coaft ot tie
Zuider-Zee, ten miles NE of Harderwick.
Lon. 5 50 E£, lat, 52 30 N.
ExcatiF, a feaport of Arabia Felix,
on the w coaft of the gulf Of Perfia, 300
miles s of Buflarah. Lon. 53 5 £,, lat.
260N.
ELcHE, a town of Spain, in Valencia,
20 miles sw ot Alicant. Lon. o 23 w,
lat. 38 7 N.
ELEPHANTA, an ifland on the w
coaft of the Deccan of Hindooftan, five
miles from Bombay. It containg one of
the moft inexplicable antiquities in the
world. The figure ofan elepnant, of
the natural fize, cut coartely in itone, ap-
pears on the landing-place, near the foot
of a mountain. An eafy fl pe then leads
to a ftupendous fubterranean temple,
hewn out of the folid rock, 80 feet long,
and 40 broad. The roof, which is cut
flat, is fupported by regular rows of
pillars, ten feet high, with capitals
refembling round cuthions, as if preffed
by the incumbent mountain. At the
further end are three gigantic figuress
EL:iM
which were mutilated by the abfard zeal
of the Portuguefe, when this ifland was
in their poffeifion. , Elephanta was ceded
to the Englifh by the:Mahrattas, = -
ELEUTHES, a kingdom of Tartary,
lying to the Nw of Chinefe Tartary. Ic
was conquered, in 1759, by the emperor
of China, See KALMucKs.
ELGIN, the county-town of Murmy-
fhire. Here are many large old buildings
erected over piazzas. Its cathedral,.
founded ‘in 1224, was one of the moft
magnificent Gothic ftruStures in Scot-
land; of which its ruins are a fufficient
proof. It is feated on the Loffie, five
miles s of Murray Frith, and 37 £ of
Invernefs. Lon. 315 wy, lat. 57 37 Ne .
ELGINSHIRE. See MURRAYSHIRE.
EvIsaBeTH'’s ISLAND, an ifland on.
the coaft of Maffachulet’s Bay, having
Cape Cod to the N, and the ifland of
Nantucket to the E. The natives are
chiefly employed in the fifheries. Lon.
69 3 W, lat. 420 N.
‘ELISABETH Towx, one of the oldeft.
towns of the ftate of New Jerfey, in N
America, It was purchaied of the Indians
in 1664, and fettled foon after. Ithas a
handfome prefbyterian church, an epifco-
pal church, and an academy. ‘It is 1g
miles sw. of New-York.
ELKHOLM, a feaport of Sweden, in
Blekingen, feated on the Baltic, 24 miles
w of Carlef-coon. Lon, 14 s0 £, lat.
56 20 N. ,
ELLERENA, an epifcopal town of
Spain, in Eftramadura, 54 miles N of
Seville. Lon. 5 20 wy, lat. 38 26 N.
ELLESMERE, a town in Shropfhire,
witli a market on Tuelday. It is feated on
a large mere, ina fmall but fertile dif-
trict of the fame name, 16 miles NNW
of Shrewfbury, and 176 Nw of London.
Lon. 2 52'w, lat. 52 53.8.
ELLIcHPOUR, .the cupital of the
W part of Berar, in the Deccan, of Hin-
dooftan. It is a fine city, fubjecét to the
nizam of the Deccan; and is 395 miles
NE ‘of Bombay. Lon. 77 46 £, lat. az
12N,
ELMApDIA, or MaHapbIA, a town of
the kingdom of Tunis, feated on the
gulf of Capes. t is furrounded by the
ica, is well fortified, and has a good
harbour. It was taken by the emperus
Charles v, but retaken foon after. Lon.
8 47 W, lat. 35 4N.
E_me, Sr. a caftle of the ifle of
Malta,-ieated on a rock near the city of
Valetta, at the mouth of a very fine
harbour.
ELMO, Fort, Sr. : fortrefs of France,
ELT
it thé department of the Eaftern Pyren-
nees, feated on the river Tet, five miles
N of Colioure. It was taken by the
Spaniards in 1793, but retakeh the next
ar.
Evora. See DOWLATABAD.
ELsIMBURG, a feaport of Sweden,
in the province of Gothland, feven miles
g of Elfinore. Lon. 13 20 &£, lat. 56 o N.
ELsinore, a feaport of Denmark,
feated on the Sound; in the ifle of Zealand.
It is the moft commercial place in Den-
mark, next to Copenhagen ; and contains
sooo inhabitants, among whom are a
confiderable number of foreign merchants,
and the coniuls of the principal nations
trading to the Baltic. The paffage of
the Sound is ‘guarded by the fortre{s of
€ronborg, fituate on the edge of a pe-
ninfular promontory, the neareft point of
Jand from the oppofite coaft of Sweden.
Every veffel, as it paffes, lowers her
top-fails, and pays a toll at Elfinore.
It is afferted, that this fortrefS guards
the Sound; and that all fhips muft, on
account of the fhoal waters and currents,
fteer fo near the batteries as'to be expofed
to their fire in cafe of refufal: but this is a
miftaken notion ; for though the fafeft ‘paf-
fage lies near the fortrefs, yet the water in
any part is of fufficient depth for veffels
to keep at a diftance trom the batteries,
and the largeft thips can even {fail clofe
to the conle of Sweden. The conttant
difcharge of the toll, is therefore not fo
much owing to the ftrength of the fortre/s
as to cbitrpfiante with the public law of
Europe. All veflels, betide a {mall duty,
are rated at 1{ per cent. of their cargoes,
except the Englith, French, Dutch, and
Swedifli, which pay only one per cent.
and, in return, the crown takes the charge
of conftructing lighthoufes, and erefting
fignals to mark the fhoals and rocks,
from the Categate to the entrance into
the Baltic. The tolls of che Sound, and
of the two Belts, produce an annual re-
venue of above 100,000]. Lon. 13 23
F, lat. sS6o Ns See CRONBORG.
ELTEMAN, 2 town of Franconia, in
the bifhopric of Wurtzburg, on the river
Maine. Lon. ro §2 &, lat. 50 8 N.
ELTENBERG, a lofty and extenfive
mountain in the duchy of Cleves. It is
crowned by an ancient fortrefs; ftands
at the extreme point of a promontory,
fix miles £ of Cleves; and is the termi-
nation of a large chain of hills that runs
parallel to the g& thore of the Rhine, at
the diftance of ro miles from its borders.
EurHaM, a town in Kent, with a
market on Monday, eight miles s of
E MB
London. Here are the remaifts of °2
palace, in which Edward 11 often re-
fided, and his fon, John of Eltham, wae
born. Its ftately hall, ftill entire, is
converted into a barn.
ELror. Sce Tor.
ELTz, a town of Germany, in the
bifhopric of Hildefhiem, feacd on the
Leina, ro miles sw of Hildefhiem. Lon.
10 5 E, lat. 52 § N.
ELVAS, a ftrong frontier town of Por-
tugal, in Alentejo, with a caftle and
bithop’s fee. The ftreets are hand{ome, and
the houfes well-built. Here is a ciftern fo
large, that it will hold water enough for the
town for fix months. It ts brought by
a magnificent aqueduét, three miles in
length, which, in fome places, is fupportect
by four or five arches, one upon another,
On the fide of it is a foreft of olive-trees,
three miles in length, among which are
walks and fine fountains. Elvas was
bombarded by the French in 1706, to ne
purpofe. A royal academy, for young
entlemen, was founded here in 1733.
t is feated on a mountain, near the
Guadiana, 50 miles ne of Evora, and
100 £ Of Lifbon. Lon. 7 3 w, lat. 38
43 .N.
ELWANOEN, 2 town of Suabia, with
a chapter, whofe provoft is a prince of
the empire, and lord of the town. It
is feated ort the Jaxt, 17 miles sz of
Halle, and 25 sw'of Anfpach. Leon. to
28 £, lat. 492m,
ELy, acity in Cambridgefhire, with
a bifhop’s fee, anda market on Saturday,
It is feated on the Oufe (which is navi-
gable hence to Lynn) in the fenny tract,
called the of Ely. The affizes are
held here once a year only. It is a county
of itfelf, including the territory around
it, anc has a diftinét civil and criminal
jurifdiftion, of which the bifhop is the:
head, in the fame manner as the bifliop
of Durham is of that county. It has
a fine cathedral, but is. otherwife ~ ean
place. Itis17 miles N of Camu.idge,
and 68 N by Eof London. Lon. 0 9 BE,
lat. 52 24.N.
E.y, Iste or. See CAMBRIDGE-
SHIRE. pat
-EMapeENn, v ftrong town of Weftphalia,
capital. of E. Friefland, with a good har-
bour. It is divided into three parts, the
Old Town, the Faldren, and the two
fuburbs. The townhoufe, library, and
cathedral, are worthy of attention. ‘The
greateft part of the inhavitants are Cal-
vinifts, and there are fome Lutherans,
papifts, and Jews. It was, formerly
‘under the protection of she United Pro-
I
of °3
en re-
1) wae
re, is
in the
yn the
Lon.
f Por.
le and
le, and
tern fo
for the
yht by
les in
ported
other,
-trees,
ch are
iS was
to ne
young
1733.
ar the
1, and
lat. 38
» with
ince of
n. ‘It
SE of
on. 10
with
irday,
navi-
tract,
es are
county
hround
iminal
is the:
biflio
It hab
r nean
-idge,
O98,
IDGE-
iD halia,
bd har-
s, the
e two
y» and
The
e Cal-
erans,
rmerly
d Pro-
ENC
vinces, but in 1744 they fold their right
to the king of Pruffia, to whom it is
‘Mow fubje&t. It is feated at the mouth
of the Embs, oppofite Dollart Bay, 23
miles NE of Greningen. Lon. 7 5 £,
Jai. 53 26 N.
Emso, a village near Brora, on the &
coaft of Sutherlandfhire. Here a perfon
was burnt, in 1727, for the imaginary
crime of witchcraft; the laft inftance of
thefe fanatic executions in Scotland.
EMBOLY, a town of Macedonia, with
a Greek archbifhop’s fee, feated on the
Stromcna, 40 miles NE of Salonichi.
Lon. 23.55 £, lat. 40 59 N.
EMBRUN, an anciént and ftrong city
of France, in the department of the
Upper Alps and late province of Dau-
phiny. Before the revolution, it was an
arghbifhop’s fee, but is now only a
bifhopric, “The cathedral, and the epil-
copal palace, are worthy of notice. It
furrendered by capitulation to the duke of
Savoy, in 1693; but he was compelled to
evacuate it three weeks after. It is feated
on a craggy rock, near the river Durance,
37 miles & of Gap. Lon. 6 34 £, lat.
4434.N.
Emss, a river of Weftphalia, which
rifes in the county of Lippe, and falls,
at Embden, into the Dollart, a bay of
the German Ocean.
EmeEssa, a town of Syria, in the
government of Damafcus. There are
{till noble ruins, that fhow it was an-
ciently a magnificent city.
EmMERICK, a large city of Germany,
in the duchy of Cleves. It carries on a
confiderable trade with Holland, and is
feated near the Rhine, eight miles £ of
Cleves. Lon. 64 8, lat. 51 45 N.
Emovy, or Fi Lunt, an ifland of
China, lying off the cvaft of the pro-
vince of Fokien. It has a celebrated
ort, inclofed, on one fide, by the
ifland, and on the other by the main-
land: it is fo extenfive, that it can con-
tain many thoufands of veffels; and fo
deep, that the largeft fhips may lie clofe
to the fhore without danger. In the be-
ginning of this century, it was much
trequented by European véffels; but now
all the trade is carried on at Canton.
This ifland is particularly celebrated on
account of the magnificence of its prin-
cipal pagod, dedicated to their god Fo.
Lon. 116 27 £, lat. 24 3 N.
EmMPo.LI, a town of Tufcany, with
a bifhop’s fee, feated on the Arno, 17
miles sw of Florence. Lon, 11 6 8,
lat. 43 42 N.
ENCKHUYSEN, a feaport of N Hel-
BENG
“land, on the Zuider-Zee. It was once
a flourifhing place; but its harbour being
now obftruéted by fand, it has loft its
former confequence. It is 25 miles Ng
of -Amfterdam. Lon. 5 4 Ey lat. 5245 Ne
ENDEAVOUR STRAIT, lies in the $
Pacific Ocean, and feparates New Guinea
from New Holland. It received its name
from captain Cook, who explored it in
1770. Its length is to leagues, and
i.s breadth about five, except at the Ng
entrance, where it is contracted to lefs
than two miles, by the iflands called
Prince of Wales’ Iflands.
ENDING, a town of Suabia, in Auftrian
Brifgaw, formerly free and imperial. It
is feated near the Rhine, 10 miles below
Bri,ich,
ENDKIOPING, a town of Sweden, in
Upland, fituate on a river, cloie to an
inlet of Lake Maeler, and confiting
chiefly of wooden houles, painted for the
moft part red. It is 40 miles w of
Stockholm. Lon. 16 59 £, lat. 52.45 Ne
ENFIELD, a town in MiddJeiex, with a
market on Saturday. It was once famous
for an extenfive royal chafe, distoretted
in 1779. Here was a royal palace, whence
Edward vi went in proceffion to the
Tower, on his actetlion tothe throne, Af-
ter the death of queen Elifabeth it was
alienated from the crown; and only a
finall part of it is left ftanding, the whole
of the front having been taken down, in
1792, and its fite occupied by foine houles,
Tt is 10 miles N of London. Lon.o2
£, lat. 51 41 Ne. ;
ENGADINA, a country of the Grijons,
in the mountains of the Alps. It is di-
vided into Upper and Lower, extending
along the bake of the river Inn, from
its fource to the Tiroleie. Upper iin-
gadina is a beautiful.valley; yet, on ac-
count of its elevation, produces nothing
but rye and barley. The winter {ets in
early, and ends late here, during which
time fledges are the common vehicles,
Even in fummer, the air is cold and
piercing, and the corn occafionally muck
damaged by the hoar-froft.
ENGERS, a town of Germany, in the
electorate of Treves, capital of a county
of the fame name. It is feated on the
Rhine, 11 miles N of Coblentz. Lon,
7 32 £, lat. 50 35 N,
ENGHIEN, a town of Auftrian Hai-
nault, near which was fought the tamous
battle of Steenkirk. It is 15 miles sw
of Bruffels. Lon. 4 5 £, lat. 50 42 N.
ENGIA, or ENGINA, an ifland of Tur-
key in Europe, in a gulf of the fame name,
between Livadia and the Morea, There
a
LL aa rr ry a
ot
So
ty
5
Se
a
i"
fe
is a town vpon it.of the fame name, 22
miles s of Athens. Lon. 23 59 £, lat.
37.45 N.
ENGLanp, the fouthern part of the
ifland and kingdom of Great Britain,
bounded on the n by Scotlarid, on the NE
and £ by the German Ocean, on the s by
the Englith Channel, and on the w by
St. George’s Channel, the principality of
Wales, and the Irifh Sea. It is of a
triangular form: and from the S Fore-
Jand in Kent, which may be termed the
E point of the triangle, to Berwick upon
‘Tweed, which is the N, its length is
345 miles; from that point to the Land’s
End, in Cornwall, which is the w, it is
425; and the breadth thence to the S
Foreland is 340. The face of the countr
affords all that beautiful variety eich
can be found in the moft extenfive tracts
of the globe; not, however, without ro-
mantic, and even dreary fcenes, lofty
mountains, craggy rocks, black barren
moors, and wide uncultivated heaths;
and. yet, tew countries have a finaller
Proportion of land abfolutely tteril and
incapable of culture. The richeft parts
are, in general, the midland and fouthern.
Toward the 8 it partakes of the barren-
nets of the neighbouring Scotland. The
© coaft is, in many parts, fandy and
marfhy. A range of rude and elevated
fand, fometimes rifing into lofty moun-
tains, extends from the borders of Scot-
land to the very heart of England, run-
ning from N to s, and forming a natural
divifion between the EB and w fides of
the kingdom. Cornwail is alfo a rough
hilly tract; and a fimilar charaéter pre-
vails in part of the adjacent counties.
Thefe mountainous tracts abound with
virious mineral treafures. The rivers are
numerous; and the mof contiderable of
them are the Thames, Severn, Humber,
Medway, ‘Trent, Ovfe, Tyne, Tees,
Eden, Avon, Derwent, Dee, and Mer-
fey. The lakes are ncither numerous
nor extenfive, andere chiefly in the Nw
counties: thofe of Weltmorland and
Cumberland, in particular, exhibit fuch
-varietics of beautiful fcenery, as to have
become for fome year paft, the fafhion-
able object of fummer excurilions trom
every part cf the country. With refpeét
to climate, England is fituate in the N
part of the temperate zone, fo that it en-
joys but a feanty fhare of the genial in-
fluence of the fun. Its atmofphere is in-
clined * chilnefs and moifture, fubjeéct to
frequent and fudden changes ; and is more
favorable to the growth, than to the ri-
pening, of the products of the earth.
ENG
No country is clothed with fo beautiful
and lafting a verdure; but the harvetts,
efpecially in the northern parts, frequently
fuffer from unfeafonable rains., ‘The
rigours of winter, however, and the heats
of fummer, are felt here in a much lets
degree than in parallel climates on the
continent; a circumftance common to all
iflands, While the feaports of Holland
and Germ-.ny are, every winter, locked
up with ice, thofe of England, and even
of Scotland, are never known to fuffer this
inconvenience. The whole country, fome
particular {pots excepted, is fufhciently
healthy; and the natural longevity of its
inhabitants is equal to that of almoft any
region, All its moft valuable produc-
tions, both animal and vegetable, have
been imported from foreign countries,
and have been kept up and improved by
conftant attention. Originally, this great
ifland feems to have been almott entirely
overrun with wood, and peopled only by
the inhabitants of the foreft. Here for-
merly roamed the bear, the wolf, and the
wild boar, now totally extirpated: large
herds of ftags ranged Lrsick the woods,
roebucks bounded over the hills, and wild
bulls grazed in the marfhy paftures. By
degrees, the woods were deftroyed, in or-
dex té make way for cultivation; the
marfhes were drained; and the wild anis
mals, invaded in their retreats, gradually
difappeared, and their places were. fup-
plied by the domeftic Finds. England
has now no:other wild quadrupeds than
fome of the fmaller kinds; as the fox,
wild cat, badger, marten, and others of
the weafel kind; the otter, hedgehog,
hare, rabbit, fquirrel, dormoufe, mole,
and feveral fpecies of the rat and moufe,
On the other hand, every kind of domeftic
animal, imported from abroad, has been
reared to the greateft degree of perfection,
The horfe has been trained up for all the
various purpofes of ftrength and {wift-
nefs, fo as to excel in thofe qualities the
fame animal in every other country. The
horned cattle have been brought to the
largeft fize and greateft juftnefs of fhape.
The different races of fheep, in England,
are varioufly diftinguifhed, either for un-
common fize, goodnefs of flefh, and plenty
or finenefs of wool. The deer of its
parks, which are originally a foreign
breed, are fuperior in beauty of fkin, and
delicacy of fleth, to thote of moft countries.
Even the feveral kinds of' dogs have been
trained to degrees of courage, ftrength,
and fagacity, rarely to be met with el{e-
where. The improvement in the vege-
table produéts of this ifland is not leis
autiful
arvetts,
quentl
The
e heats
ch lets
on the
in to all
olland
locked
d even
ffer this
vy, fome
iciently
y of its
oft any
broduc-
» have
intries,
bved by
is great
| {wift-
ties the
y. The
to the
" fhape.
ngland, |
for un-
| plenty
of its
foreign
in, and
intries,
ve been
rength,
th elfe-
> vere-
ot leds
ENG
ftriking than in the animal. Nuts, acorns»
crabs, and a few wild berries, were almoft
all the variety of vegetable food which
its woods could boaft. To other coun-
tries, and to the efforts of culture, it is
indebted for corn, efculent roots. and
plants, and all its garden fruits. The
rivers and feas of England are ftocked
with a great variety of fifth, which yield
a plentiful article of provifion to all ranks
of people. The manufaétures and com-
merce of this country are vait, extenfive,
and various: in the woollen, cotton, and
hardware manufactures, in particular, it
has long maintained a pre-eminence ; and,
though nature has denied it the rich
fruits of other countries, yet the manu-
facture, if it may be fo called, of home-
made wines, in imitation of all the va-
rieties of the foreign, has been brought
to ‘an uncommon degree of perfettion.
The government of England is a limited
monarchy; the legiflative power refiding
in the king, lords, and commons; and
the executive in the king, the great officers
of ftate, the judges, and all the inferior
gradations of magiftracy. The civil
divifion of the country is into circuits,
and fhires, or counties: thefe laft’ are
fubdivided into wapentakes, or hunireds,
and parifhes. The circuits are fix in
number, and in each of them, for the
moft part, two of the judges -adminifter
juttice twice a year. ‘They’are, 1. The
Home Circuit, which contaths the coun-
ties of Kent, Surry, and Spffex. 2. The
Norfolk Circuit, containifig the counties
of Bucks, Bedford, Huntingdon, Cam-
bridge, Suffolk,’ and Norfolk. 3. The
Oxtord Circuit, containing the counties
of Oxford, Berks, Gloucetter, Worcetter,
Monmouth, Hereford, Salop, and Staf-
tord. 4, The Midland Circuit,-contain-
ing the fhires of Warwick, Leicefter,
Derby, Nottingham, Lincoln, Rutland,
and Northampton. §. The Northern
Circuit, containing the counties of York,
Durham, Northwnberland, Lancatfter,
Weftmorland, and Cumberland. 6. The
Weftern Circuit, containing Hants, Wilts,
Dortet, Somerfet, Devon, and Cornwall.
Two other counties, Middlefex and
Chefhire, are not included in any circuit.
The eftablifhed religion, as contained in
the 39 articles of the Church of England,
is Calvinifm; but thefe articles are in-
terpreted, by the clergy in general, ac-
cording to the more liberal principles of
Arminius; and all other religions are
tolerate’. The ecclefiaftical divifion of
England is into two archbifhoprics, called
the provinces of Canterbury and York,
ENS
That of Canterbury contains the diocefes
of London, Winchefter, Bath and Wells,
Briftol, Chichetter, Ely, Exeter, Glou-
celter, Hereford, Lichfield and Coventry,
Lincoln, Norwich, Oxtord, Peterborough,
Rocheiter, Salifbury, and Worceiter,
befide the four Welth bithoprice of St.
David, Bangor, Landaff, and St. Asaph,
The province of York contains the
dioce{es of Durham, Chefter, and Carlifle,
and that of Sodor and Man. Every
prelate of the fees enumerated, that of
Sodor and Man excepted, has a feat ig
the houfe of lords. London is the capi-
tal, and the metropolis allo of the whole
Britith empire.
ENGLAND, New, a country of N
America, bounded on the n by Canada,
on the E by New Brunfwick and the
Atlantic, on the s by that ocean and
Long Ifland Sound, and on the w by
New York. It contains the ftates of
New Hampfhire, Maflachufet, Rhode
Ifland, Conneéticut, and Vermont ; which
fee. -
ENGELBERG, a valley of Swifterland,
10 miles long, entirely furrounded by
very lofty and barren mountains, and
bounded by the cantons of Bern, Uri,
and Underwalden. It is fubjeét to the
abbot of a Benedistine monattery of the
fame name,'who is under the protection
of the cantons of Lucern, Uri, Schweitz,
and Underwalden; but in fpiritual con-
cerns he {ubmits to the jurifdigtion of the
bithop of Cortftance. His revenues are very
confiderable, and rife principally from his
commerce in cheefes, The naturalit
will find this a very interefting country,
Glaciers, of a very great extent and ex-
tremely diverfified, are found on the fide
of very fertile mountains, and exhibit
fingular points of view. Theve is abun-
dance of fine black marble, w’:ite veined;
a vitriolic earth, flate impregnated with
vitriol; {mall cryftals, called Swifs dia-
monds ; filver, and vitriol. The abbey
is 12, miles gw of Altdorf, See Tir-
LISBERG.
Eno, or Enos, a town of Romania,
near the gulf of Eno, with a Greek
archbifhop’s fee, 125 miles w of Con-
{tantinople. Lon. 26 15 £, lat. 40 46 N.
Ens, a town cf Upper Auftria, on a
river of the fame name, 12 miles sz of
Lintz, and go w of Vienna, Lon. 14
22 B, lat. 48 13.N.
ENSISHEIM, a town of France, in the
department of the Upper Rhine and late
province of Alface, feated on the Ill, ro
miles sw of Brifach. Lon. 7 30 8, lat,
N3
i
|
il
Rae
ae ee ee
EPI
_ ENSKIRKEN, a town of Germany, in
the duchy of Julierg, 15 miles sw of
Cologne. Lon. 6°29 £, lat. 51 o Ne,
ENTRE-DOUVERO-£- MINHO, a pro-
Vince of Portugal, 45. miles in length
and bfeadth. Braga is the capital.
* EPperrigs, a town of Upper Hungary,
capital of the county of Saros, remarkable
for its mines of falt. Itis feated on the
Tatza, 20 miles n of Caflovia,
21 138, lat. 49 8N.
EPERNAY, an ancient town of France,
jn the department of Marne and late
rovince of Champagne. It was taken
y Henry 1v in 1592, when marfhal de
Biron was killed, while that monarch
had his. hand on his fhoulder. The
wines produced in its neighbourhood, are
‘very exquifite.. It is 17 miles Nw. of
-Chalons. Lon. 40 £, lat. 49 5 N.
EpueEsus, an ancient and celebrated city
of Natolia, in that part anciéntly called
Tonia. ‘It is now called Ajafalouc, hy the
Turks ; but of its former {plendour there is
nothing to be {een but heaps of mayble,
overturned walls, columns, capitals, and
pieces of ftatues. The fortrefs, which is
upen an eminence, feems to be the work of
the Greek emperors. The eaftern gate has
three baffo-relievos, taken from fome
ancient monuments: that in the middle
was conftrufted by the Romans. The
moft remarkable ftru&ture of all, was the
Temple of Diana, deemed one of the
feven wonders of the world, and which
the primitive Chriftians had converted
into a church; but it is now fo entirely
ruined, that it is no eafy matter to find
the groundplot: however, there are fome
Yuins of the walls, and of five or fix
marble columns, all of a piece, 40 feet
jn length, and feven in diameter. Ephefus
is feated near a gulf of the fame name,
and has ftill a good harbour, 40 miles s
of Smyrna. Lon. 27 33 E, lat. 37 48 N.
EPHRATA, or TUNKERSTOWN, a
town of Pennfylvania, in the county of
Lancafter. It is the principal {ettlement
of a feét, called Tunkers (that is,
Dipper) who are profeffionally baptiits,
‘of German extraétion, and firtt appeared
in America - -719, It js 60 miles w
of Philedelpuia.
EPINAL, a town of France, in the
department of the Vofges and late province
of Lorrain. It is feated on the Mofelle,
near the mountains of the Volges, and
is famous for its paper mills. It was
_ taken by marfhal Crequi, in.1670, when
jts fortifications. were difmantled. It is
35 miles gz of Nanci. Lon, 6 0.8, lat.
48 9 Ne .
Lon.
ERI
Eprinc, a town in Effex, with a
market on Friday. The butter made in
this neighbourhood, and called Epping.
butter, is_highly efteemed in London.
Epping is Jeated at the n end of a foreft
of the fame name, 17 miles NNE of
London. Lon. 0 9 £, lat..51 46 N.
Eppinc Forest, a fine forett in the
sw of Effex, formerly a much more
extenfive diftrict, that contained a great
part of the county. It then went by the
name of the Foreft of Effex; and after-
ward, when its boundaries had been con-
fiderably contracted, it had the name of
Waltham Foreft, from its vicinity to
Waltham Abbey. On this foreft a ftag
is annually turned out on Eafter Monday,
for the amufement of the London fportf-
men.
__ EPPInGEN, a town of Germany, in
the palatinate of the Rhine, with a caftle,
feated on the Elfats, 20 miles NE of
Philipfburg. Lon.'9 0 £, lat. 49 24 N.
Epsom, a town in Surry, that has,
from the number of opulent people re-
fiding in and near it, a daily market.
It is celebrated for its mineral waters
and falts; and on its neighbouring downs
are annual horferaces. It is 15 miles
ssw-of London. Lon. 015 w, lat..51
25.N.
Epworth, a village of the ifle of Ax-
holm, in Lincolnfhire, nine miles N of
Gainfborough. It is the birthplace of
John Wefley, one of the founders of the
fect of the methodifts._
ERFURT, a town of Germany, capital
of Upper Thuringia, with a univerfity,
It was formerly imperial, but is now fub-
je&t to the ele&tor of Mentz, and is de-
fended by two ftrong forts. “The prin-
cipal magiftrate is fometimes a proteftant
and fometimes a papift; but the greateft
past of the burghers are proteftants. . It
as three fine libraries, one of which
belongs to the papifts, another to the
univerfity, and a third to the proteftant
mjnifters. A fire happened here in 1736,
which burnt down 180 houfes, and
feveral churches. It is feated on the river
Gere, 30 miles Ese of Mulhaufen. Lon.
11 23 E, Jat. 51 ON.
ERIBOL, Locu, an arm of the fea, on
the N coaft of Sutherlandfhire, capable of
affording a fafe retreat to the largeft vef-
fels. It receives feveral reams} parti-
cularly that which flows from a lake
called Loch Hope.
Ericut, Locu, a lake in the diftri&
of Athol, Perththire. It extends {everal
miles into Invernefsfhire. Near this place
wandered the fugitive pretender, in 1746,
ace of
ERL
lurking, in caves, and among rocks. The
waters of this lake defcend into another,
called Loch Rannoch.
Exit, Lake, in N America, lies be-
tween 41 and 43° N lat. and 79 and 84°
w lon. It is 290 miles long, and 40 in
its broadeft part. The iflands and banks
toward its w end are fo infefted with
rattleinakes, as to render it dangerous to
Jandon them. The lake is covered near
the banks of the iflands, with a large
pond lily ; the feaves of which are thickly
fpread on the furface of the water, to an
extent of many acres: on thefe, in the
fummer, lie myriads of waterinakes baik-
ing in the fun. It is alfo intefted by the
hifling-fnake, which is 18 inches becih
fmall, and {peckled: when approached,
‘it flattens itfelf in a moment, and its
f{pots, which are of various colours, be-
come vifibly brighter through rage; at
the fame time, it blows from its mouth,
‘with great force, a fubtile wind, faid to
be of a naufeous {mell; and, if inhaled
by the unwary traveller, it will inevitably
bring on a decline, that, ina few months,
will prove mortal. ‘This lake, at its NE
end, communicates with Lake Ontario by
by the river Niagara.
Erisso, a town of Macedonia, with
a bifhop’s fee, at the bottom ef the gulf
of Monte Sanéto.
EriTH, a-village in Huntingdonfhire,
on the Oufe, five miles ENE of St. Ives.
Near this place is a piece of antiquity cal-
led .Beltar’s Hill, an artificial mount,
generally fuppofed to be the place where
the people took up arms againft William
the Norman, in 1066, after he had de-
feated Harold at the battle of Haftings.
ERIVAN, a city of Afia, in a ptovince
ot the fame name, and capital of Perfian
Armenia, with an Armenian patriarch.
It is defended by a fortrefs, in which is
the governor’s palace, and by a caftle, on
the river Zuengui, near a lake of its own
name, which is very deep, and 60 miles
in circumference. The Meidan is an open
fquare, 400 paces ever, wherein are very
fine trees. “The baths and caravanfaries
have likewife their beauties, but the
churches of the Chriitians are {mall, and
half under ground. It is 105 miles Nw
of Aftrabad. Lon. 44 10 8, lat. 40
‘20 Ne :
ERKELENS, a town of Weftphalia, in
the duchy of Juliers, with a caftle, feated
on the Roer, 10 miles nw of Juliers.
Lon. 6 35 £, lat. 51 4 N.
ERLANG, 3 town of Germany, in the
circle of Franconia and marquifate of
‘ Culembach, deated on the Regnitz, 10 miles
ESC
ww of Nuremburg, Lon.11 5 &, late
49 35 N.
ERPACH, a town of Germany, in the
circle of Franconia, 30 miles se of
Francfort. Lon. 9 10 8, lat. 40 32 N.
ERPACH, a town of Suabia, capital
of a county of the fame name, with a’
caltle, eight miles sz of Ulm.. Lon. z0
39 £, lat. 48 20 N.
ERQUIKO, a feaport of the Red Sea,
on the coaft of Abex, fubje& to Turkey.
It is 320 miles sw of Mecca. Lon. 39
5 E, lat. 17 30 N.
ERZERUM, acity of Turkith Arme-
nia, with Armenian end Greek epi (copa
fees. It is fituate between the two fources
of the Euphrates, in a beautiful plain, at
the foot of a chain of mountains, fruitful
in all forts of corn. Wood is very fcarce,
for which reafon their fuel is only cow
dung. It.is furrounded by double walls,
defended by {quare towers. The Turks,
who are all janifaries, are about 12,000
in number; but moft of them are tradef-
men, and receive no pay. The Arme-
nians have two churches, the Greeks but
one: the latter are moftly brafiers, and
live in the fuburbs. They drive a great
trade here in furs, Perfian filks, cottons,
callicoes, and drugs. This town is a
thoroughfare, and a refting place, for the
caravans to the E Indies. It is 104 miles
$ by Eof Trebifond. Lon. 40 35 £, lat.
39 56 N.
ESCHELLES, atown of Savoy, on the
frontiers of Dauphiny, 10 miles sw of
Chamberry.! Lon. 5 45 B, lat. 45 30 N.
ESCHWEGEN, a town of Germany, in
the landgravate of Hefle-Caffel, feated on
the Werra, 22 miles se of Hefle-Caflel.
Lon. 10 6£, lat. 51 9 N. :
Escuriat, a village of Spain, in New
Calitile, feated on the Guadara, 15 smiles
Nw of Madrid. Here Philip 1 built a
famous ftruéture, in 1.563, in memory of
the vi€tory gained over the French near
St. Quentin.” It is called by the Spaniards
the eighth wonder of the world. It con.
fits of a royal palace, a church, a imo.
naftry, a college, a library, fhops-of dif-
ferent artifts, apartments for a great
nuinber of people, beautiful walks, large
alleys, an extenfive park, and fine gar-
dens. It itands in a dry barren country, .
furrounded by rugged mountains ; and
is built of gray ftones, found in the
neighbourhood, which was the principal
pan of its being erefted on fuch a dif
agreeable {pot. They worked at this
ftructure 22 years, it colt 6,000,000
ot crowns. It is a Jong fquare of 280
feet, and four ftories — they reckon
+
|
ESN
$00 pillars, 11,000 fquare windows, and
14,000 doors. ‘The mott remarkable
part is the arched chapel ; in'which is a
magnificent fepulchre, called the Pan-
theon, being built in imitation of that
church .at Rome: it is the burying-
place of the kings and queens of Spain;
and is thought by fome to be the moft
curious piece of architeéture in the world.
The fathers, belonging to the monattery,
are 200 in number, and have an income
pf 40,000 dicats a year. ‘The church is
built after the medel of St.: Peter's at
Rome. '
# Esens, a town of E Friefland, on the
German Ocean, 20 miles Nn ‘of Embden.
‘Lon. 7 14. £, lat. 53 47 ¥.
EsFARAIN, a town of Perfia, in the-
province of Korafun, famous tor the
great number of writers it has produced.
It is 90 miles & of Aftrabad. Lon. 41
23 E, lat. 36 48 N.
EsHeR, avillage in Surry, on the river
Mole, five miles sw of Kingiton. It is
diftinguifhed by a noble Gothic manfion,
the two toweirs of which are as they were
originally built by cardinal Wolley.
Esk, ariver in Dumfriesfhire, which
forms part of the boundary between En-
gland and Scotland, and falls into Solway
Frith.
Esk, ariver in Edinburghire, formed
by the junction of two ftreams called N
and § Efk. They feem to encircle the
town of Dalkeith, paifing on each fide of
the eminence on which it ftands; and
uniting a little below the town, this river
enters the frith of Forth, at Muffelburgh.
’ Esx, NorTH and SOUTH, two rivers
in Angusthire, which defcend from the
hills called the Braes of Angus. The
former divides the county from Kincar-
dinefhire for feveral miles, and reaches the »
Britith Ocean, a little to the n of Mont-
rofe. The latter, after traverfing the
whole breadth of the county, falls into the
bay on the w of the fame town.
‘EsKDALE, the moft eafterly divifion of
Dumfriesfhite, fo named from the river
Efk, which flows through it, in a courfe
of 20 miles, to the town of Langholm.
_. Esnincen, a large imperial city of .
Suabia, in thg duchy of Wirtemburg.
Herve are feveral convents, but the inha-
bitants are chiefly proteftants. It is
feated on the Neckar, eight miles sz of
Stutgard. Lon. 9 20 £, lat. 48 47.N.
' Esng, AsNe, ‘or ESseNnay, a large
town of Egypt, on ine Nile, fuppofed to
be the ancient Syena, but Norden thinks
it, was Latopolis. In the centre. of the
town ig an ancient temple, with walls on
FSQ
three fides, and in the front 24 columns,
well preferved: within it are three ftories
of hieroglyphics, of men about three feet
highs; and the ceiling is adorned with all
forts of animals, painted in beautiful co.
lours. On the N fide of the town, is
another temple, with pillars femewhat of
the Corinthian order:' the whole building
is richly carved with hieroglyphics, par-
ticularly with crocodiles heads, and whole
crocodiles; that probably this animal was
worfhipped here. A mile to the s is the
monaftery of St. Helen, by whom fome
fay it was founded: it now appears to
have been a large burying-ground, and
there are many Pomtthcente tombs in it.
Efne lies near the grand cataract, Lon.
31 40 £, lat.24 46N.
EsPeri£, a town of Hungary, near
which are fome famous falt mines. It is
22 miles N of Cafchaw. Lon. 21 388,
Jat. 49 5N.
EsPERNON, a town of France, in the
department of Eure and Loire and late
province of Beauce, feated on the Guefles
12 miles NE of Chartres. Lon. 1 44 £,
Jat. 48 36 .N.
Espiers, a town of Auttrian Flanders,
where a river of the fame name falls into
the Scheld, eight miles N of Tournay.
Lon. 3 25 Ey lat. 50 53 Ne
Esquit:aux, a people of N America,
chiefly inhabiting Labrador. They have no
fixed abode, but rove from place to place,
and- fometimes come as far s as New-
foundland. - They are of a different race
trom the other native Americans; for, as
they have no beards, thefe have them fo
thick and large, that it is difficult to dii-
cover any feature of their faces. ‘They
have fmall eyes, large dirty teeth, and
black rugged hair. They are always
well clothed, for there is nothing to he
{een but. part of their faces and their
hands. ‘They have a fort of fhirt, made
of the guts of fifh, with a coat of bear
or bird ikins, and a cap on their head.
They have likewife breeches, made of
fkins, with the hair within, and covered.
with furs without. They have alfo two
pair of boots, one over another, of the
fame fort of fkins. In, fummer, they
have nothing to cover them in the night ;
and in winter, they lodge together pro-
mifcuoufly in caves. The drefs of the
women is nearly the fame as that of the
men. . They are very fuperftitious, and
have fome fort of facrifices. Their chief
employment is hunting and fifhhing. They
are very covetous; and pay fo Fittle re-
gard ta private property, as to take every
advantage of bodily ftrength to rob theiy
4
umns,
tories
Pe feet
ith all
ul co.
n, is
hat of
ilding
) par-
whole
l was
is the
fome
rs to
» and
in it.
Lon.
near
It is
38 E,
n the
1 late
uefle,
44 Es
hders,
into
| nay.
ICA,
veno
lace,
New-
race
r, as
m fo
ditt
hey
and
vays
obe
heir
ESS
neighbours, not only of their goods but
their wives. In other refpeéts they are
the mildeft tribe, or nation, that is to be
found on the borders of Hudfon's Bay ;
for let their affronts or loffes be ever fo
great, they never feek any other revenge
than that of wreftling, which confifts in
hauling each other about by the hair of
the head; they are feldom known either
to ftrike or hick each other. As for
murder, which is fo common among all
the tribes of fouthern Indians, it is fel-
dom heard of among them. A murderer
is fhunned and detefted by all the tribe,
and is forfaken even by his relations and
former friends. ‘The women pertorm the
moft laborious offices; they pitch the
tents, carry or haul burdens, make or
mend clothes, and cook the victuals.
When any thing is ‘prepared for cating,
the wives and daughters of the greatett
captain in the country are never ferved,
till all the males, even thofe in the capa-
city of fervants, have eaten what they
think proper.
EsseECk, a trading town of Sclavonia,
with a ftrong caftle. It has a bridge over
the marfhes, 8865 geometrical paces in
length and 15 in breadth, with towers at
a quarter of a’ mile diftant from each
other, and handfomely railed on each fide.
It is a difficult pafs, and there have been
feveral battles fought here between the
Turks and Germans. There are trees in
all the ftreets of the town, which was
taken from the Turks in 1687, fince
which time it has continued in the hands
of the houfe of Auftria. It is feated on
the river Drave, 80 miles w by Nn of Bel-
grade, and 175 s by E of Vienna. Lon.
19 58 E, lat.45 40 Ne.
EssEN, a town of Weftphalia, formerly
imperial, but now fubjeét to the abbefs of
Efien. It is eight miles E of Duifburg.
Lon. 7 4 £, lat. §1 22 N.
EssEQUEBO. See IssEQUIBO.
Essex, a county of England, 54 miles
long and 48 broad ; bounded on the N by
Cambridgefhire and Suffolk, on the £ by
the German Ocean, on the s by Kent,
and on the w by Herts and Middle(fex.
It lies in the diocefecf London; contains
18 hundreds, 24 market-towns, and 415
arifhes ; and fends eight members to par-
iament.’ Itpofleffes a variety of foil and
face of country. Its sw part is occupied
prineipally by the two forefts of Epping
and Hainault ; and is noted for its butter,
which is fold at a high price in London,
under the name of Epping-butter. The
Nw part, from Satfron-Walden to Cam-
bsidge, is famaps fox the grawth of fat-
EST
fron, which is almoft peculiar to this
diftrict. The middle part is a fine corn
country, varied with gentle inequalities
of furtace, and {prinkled with woods.
The part bordering on the ‘Thames and
the fea, conlifts chiefly of marfhy grounds,
which aftord excellent pafturage, yet are
deemed unwholefome and aguifh. ‘The
principal rivers are the Thames, Black-
water, Coln, Chelmer, Stour, Crouch,
aud Roding. Betide vaft quantities of
corn of all kinds, abundance of calves
are fent to the London market 3 alfo wild
fowls, and oyfters. ‘The chief manu-
fa&tuve is bays, but that is not fo flourith-
ing as formerly. Chelmsford is the
county-town.
EsTAPLes, a town of France, in the
department of the: Straits of Calais and
late’ province of Boulonnois, feated at the
mouth of the Canches, 12 miles s of
Boulogne. Lon. 1 56 £, lat. 50 46 N.
EstTapo, a {trong town of New Spain
feated at the mouth of the river Tlaluc.
Lon. 103 5 w, lat. 17 30 N.
Este, a town of Italy, in the Paduan,
15 miles sw of Padua. Lon. 12 44 Ey
lat. 45 55 N. he
ESTELLA, an epifcopal town of Spain,
in Navarre, capital of a territory of the
fame name. It is feated on the Ega, 15
miles w of Pampeluna, Lon. 2 0 Wy
lat. 42 40 N. :
EsTepa, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, with an ancient caftle, on a moun-
tain, 62 miles N by w of Malaga. Lon. .
4 19 W, lat. 37 16 N.
EsTHONIA, or REVEL, a government
of the Ruffian empire, bounded on the
W by the Baltic, on the n by the gulf of
Finland, on the £ by Ingria, and on the
8 by Liyonia. After having been long
an object of bloody contention between
the Ruffians, Poles, and Swedes, it was
confirmed to the latter by the peace of
Oliva in 1660; but it was fubdued by
Peter the Great, in 1730, and finally
ceded to Ruffia in 1721.
ESTHWAITE WaTER, 4 lake in Lan-
cafhire, between Hawkfhead and Winder-
mere Water. It is two miles and a half
in length, and half a mile broad, inter-
fected by a peninfula from each fide, jut-
ting far into the lake. On the banks are
villages and feattered houfes, {weetly fitu-
ate under woods, and hanging grounds,
clothed with delightful verdure ; all
heightened by the deep ihade of the
woods, and the ftrong background of
rocky mountains. At the head of a gen-
tle flope, a handiome modern houfe, called
Belmont, commands a delightful view of
Se Ce ee
ne
I i iW OSE anette a See NR
ae
Sasa Ls
copter oe
e
emer panera 2"
ETA
the lake and its environs. The fith are
tke, perch, ecl, and trout; but no char
P foul in this lake, though it is con-
nected with Windermere Water.
' ESTRAMADURA, 2 province of Spain,
375 miles in length, and 100 in breadth ;
dounded on the N by Leon: and Old Caf-
tile, on the E by New Caftile, on the
- by Andalufia, and on the w by Portugal.
At abounds with corn, wine, and fruits ;
but the air is bad for foreigners, on ac-
count of the exceifive heat. It now
makes a part of New Cattile.
EsrRAMADURA, a province of Por-
tugal, lying about the mouth of the Tajo;
bounded on the s by Beira, on the £ and
s by Alentejo, and on the w by the At-
Jantic Ocean. It abounds with wine,
excellent oil, honey, and oranges. Here
the oranges were firft. planted that were
brought from China, and which are known
by the name of China oranges. Lisbon is
the capital.
EsTRAVAYER, a town of Swifferland,
in the canton of Friburg, with a fine
cattle, feated on the lake of Neuchatel.
Lon. 6 56 £, lat. 46 55.
EsrrEeMOs, a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, divided into the upper town and
the lower. The upper is commanded by
a citadel, on the top of a hill, étrongly
fortified, and furrounded by a large ditch.
The houfes are white, and the principal
are adorned with fine marble pillars:
there is alfo a tower of marble, finely
polithed. ‘The lower town is the neweft,
and has a large {quare, in the middle of
which is a-bafin. An earthen ware is
miade here, greatly efteemed for its beauty
and fine fmell, The Portuguele gained
a complete victory over don John of
Auttria near this place, in 1663. It is
feated on the river Terra, which falls
into the Tajo, 15 miles w of Badajoz,
and 75 £ of Lifbon. Lon. 7 16 w, lat.
33 44.N.
ESWECEN, a town of Germany, in the
Jandgravate of Heffe-Catiel, 25 miles se
of Caliel, Lon.10 9 £, lat. 51 11 N.
Erain, a town of France, in the de-
paitment of Meufe and late duchy of Bar,
x5 miles NE of Verdun. Lon. § 35 £,
Jat. 49 35 .N.
ETrAaMPES, a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Oife and late
province of the Ifle of France, feated on
the river Loet or Etampes, which abounds
with crawhih. It is 15 miles £ of Char-
tres. Lon. 2 10.8, lat. 48 30 N,
ETAY., a town of Hindooftan Proper,
in the province of Agra, fituate ona nigh
' bank of the Jumna, Many parts of
ETN
bank‘ are 60 feet high, the Gdes of which
confilt of what in India is called concha,
which is originally tand; but the cenftane
aétion ef the fun, in the dry featon, forms
it almoft into a vitrification. On the top,
near the river, are the remains of .a fort.
The town is large but very wretched,
having but two tolerable houfes. It is
62 miles se of Agra. Lon. 79 25 Ey
lat. 26 43 .N.
Erxropia, a name by which a vatt
region of Africa has been diftinguithed
by fome geographers, who have divided
it into Upper and Lower Ethiopia. The
firit includes the centrical part of Africa,
under the equinoétial line. The fecond
contains what is now called Nigritia or
Negroland. The inland parts of both of
them are very little known to-the Eu-
ropeans,
ETIENNE, ST. a city of Franee, in
the department of Rhone and Loire and
late province of Forez, remarkable for its
manufactures in ivon and fteel, for the
tempering of which the water of the
brook Eurens, on which_it is feated, is
extremely good. Befide the manufaéture
of arms, hardware, and cutlery (the moft
confiderable in France) the weaving of
ribands forms a confiderable article of its
commerce, Coal is found in its neigh-
bourhood, and alfo a, foft ftone it for
grinditones. Its merchandife is conveyed
to Paris, Nantes, and Dunkirk, by the
Loire, which begins to be navigable for
fmall barges at St. Lambero. St. Eti-
enne is 22 miles sz of Fuers, and 260
by & of Paris. Lon. 4 30 B, laty 45
22 N.
ETLINGEN, an ancient town of Sua-
bia, in the margravate of Baden-Dour-
lach, feated at the confluence of the Wi-
rim and Entz, three miles s of Dourlach.
Lon. 9 30 E, lat. 48 59 N.
Etna, Mount, a volcano of Sicily,
now called Gibel by the inhabitants. It
is the moft celebrated mountain in Eu-
rope ; 63 miles incircumference at the bafe,
and 10,954 feet in height. It is culti-
vated all round the foot, and covered with
vines on the s fide; but on the w there
are only large forefts. The top is always
covered with fnow, though it never ceaies
to fmoke, and often ‘fends forth flames.
‘The cinders, which are thrown out in
fmall quantities, ferve for manure to the
adjacent lands, but a large torrent does a
great deal of mifchief. The firft .raption
of Etna, on record, is that mentioned by
Diodorus Siculus, without fixing the pe-
riod when it happened; but the fecond,
recorded by Thucydides, was in the year _
EVE EU P
.C. From this period to the year agricylture, great quantities of garden.
1 tibee ei 18 "aes eruptions, {tuff are here grown, and fent to the towns
f which
concha,
is i to emit fire near go around to a confiderable diftance, In
onftane ike Toe netese in 1536; others fol. this vale, Simon de Montfort, earl of
rg lowed in 15375 1567, 1603 (which con- Leicefter, was defeated and flain, in 126 5»
oe tinued till 1636), 1664 (which continued the very year in which, by virtue of ‘his
nail ears) 1682, 1686, 1693, 3755, 1763, Ulurped authority, that part of the Britith
“ie rik, 1766, 1780, and 1787. Of all its conftitution, the houfe ot ype is
pr by eruptions, that of 1693 was the moft ters faid to have firlt received its exiltence.
i it, ded with an earth. This vale, communicating with the more
fai i ty pficklstin: ihe town of Ca- extenlive one that borders both fides of
tania, and baslict 18,000 perfons in its the Severn, gives to that, for no aflign-
ruins. It is 10 miles w of Catania. able reafon, the {ame general name of the
ETON, atown of Bucks, feated onthe Vale of Evefham, See SEVERN, VaLe
Thames, over which is‘abridgeto Wind- OF. ; ;
for. It is famous for a {chool and college, | EvEsHAM, a borough in Worcefter-
founded by Henry vi; and King’s Col- fhire, witha market on Monday, It has
Jege in Cambridge adinits no other ftu- 2 manufuéture of ftockings, is governed
Tenth for fellows but what have been by a mayor, and fends two ras ae to
brought up here. It is 20 miles w of parliament. It is feated ona gradual af-
London. Lon.o 36 wy, lat. §0 30N. cent from the Avon, over which is a ftone
Erruria, a village in Staffordhhire, bridge, was formerly noted tor ite abbey,
near Newcaitle. It is the principal feat and contsins three churches. It is 34
a vat
buithed
ivided
The
Africa,
fecond
‘itia or
both of
he Eu.
¢e, in
e and
tor its
re ries in this county, and here miles sg of Worcefter, and 95 nw of
Sa Tha toe cages vafes of es ufe and London, Lon. 1 4§ Wy lat. 52 4.
yf the form are made. Jofiah Wedgewood, _ Evcusio, an epiicopal town of Italy,
i fq. was the founder, who died here in in the duchy of Urbino, 35 miles s of
— ae : Urbino, and 87. N of Rome. Lon. 13
ao iver in Selkirkfhire, 37 E, lat. 43 18 N. ; .
Pred which rae from the mountainous region . EVIAN, a town of Savoy, in Chablais,
ve in the sw, and having formed a ‘inafian on the s fide of the lake of Geneva, 22 -
4 e ik the Yarrow, their united {treams sane wh of Geneva, Lon. 6 50 8, lat.
iver enters 46 21 N.
hy -9 seen a stn ele for- EVoLI, an ‘ancient town of Naples,
‘agra 1 a the banks of this river, the in Principato Citeriore, 12 miles E of
“vd sae obtained the name of Ettrick Salerno. Lon. 1 5 16 £, lat. 40 4.6 N.
he Foreft, Ettrick Banks are the fubjeét of - Evora, a fortified town of’ or tugal,
tas ‘paftoral Scotch ditty. capital of Alentejo, with an archbifhop's
— : te, a feaport of France, in the de- fee, and a univerfity. It is feated in a
S partment of Lower Seine and late pro- country, which, though a little unequal,
pa s ce of Normandy, with a ftrong caftle, is very pleaiant, furrounded on al! fides
our. bee a handfome fquare. The principal by mountains, and planted with large
an, trade is in ferges and lace. It is feated trees of divers forts. It’is 65 miles ‘Ee
ie in a valley, on the river Brele, 15 miles by s of Lifbon. Lon. 7 30 w, lat. 38
r Di , ‘ 23 N.
oe te cae eee EuPuHEMia, a feaport of ee in
4 _ i - Calabria Ulteriore, feated on a bay, 5
. a town of France, in the de : >
oe: : Perici Creufe and late province of miles NE of Reggio. Lon. 16 32 Ey
Iti, Marche 20 miles from Mont Lacon. lat. 38 44.N.
nah : E, lat. 46 13 N. EUPHRATES, One of the moft cele.
i a ed a town of Germany, in brated rivers in the world, and the prin.
i the circle of Auttria, feated on the Da- cipal of Turkey in Afia. Tt has its rife
ree \ miles w of Lintz. Lon, 13 near Erzerum, in Armenia, from two
ales a lat 48 19 N fources that lie oo She rg ih Big
an PBR S: t i rfetthire, Mountains covered with {now almoft the
‘tie | with a asst fe Af et NW year round. . The plainof Erzerum is in.
how f Dorchefter, and 129 w by sof London. clofed between thefe two fine ftreams,
ce aie ee lat 4 2N ' which, when united, are called the Eu-
“0 tay 3 $5.5 : ie = : a trad on tRe phrates, or the Frat. After this junc-
4 ey of the Avon, in the sz part of tion, it begins to be navigable a boats 5
nd, Worcefterfhire, celebrated for.its fertility but the channel is io rocky,-that the navi-
ear ard beauty, Befide the ufual objects of gation js not fate, It frit aaa Are
EUR
menia from Natolia, then Syria from Di-
arbeck ; after which it runs through Irac-
Arabia, and receives the Tigris on the
confines of the Perfian province of Ku-
fiftan: it then waters Buflarah, and 40
miles sz of it enters the gulf of Perfa.
It is alfo the ne boundary of the great
defert of Arabia.
Eurg, a department of Franee, which
inciudes part of the late province of Nor-
mandy. It is fo named from a river
which rifes in Perche, in the foreft of
Logny, and falls into the Seine, above
Pont-d'Arche. Evreux is the capital.
Eure and Loire, a department of
France, fo called from the rivers of that
name. It contains the Jate province of
Beauce, and its capital is Chartres.
EvREUX, an ancient town of France,
in the department of Eure and late pro-
vince of Normandy, with a bithop’s fee.
It is the capital of the department, and
its cathedral is a handfome -ftructure.
The trade confifts in corn, linen, and
woollen cloth; and it has a manufacture
of cotton velvets, and another of tick.
It is feated on the river Iton, 25 miles s
of Rouen, and 55 Nw of Paris. Lon. 1
14 E, lat. 49 1 N.
EvuROPE, one of the four general parts
of the world, bounded on the N by the
Frozen Ocean, on the s by the Mediter.
ranean, on the w by the Atlantic and
Northern Ocean, and on the £ by Afia.
From Cape St. Vincent to the mouth of
the Oby, it is near 3,600 miles in lengths
and from Cape Matapan in the Morea,
to the North Cape in Lapland, about
2,200 in breadth. It is much lefs than
either Afia or Africa, but furpafies them
in many particulars. It is entirely within
the temperate zone, except a fmall part
of Norway and Ruffia; {fo that there is
neither the exceflive heat, nor the infup-
portable cold, of the other parts of the
continent. It is much more populous,
and better cultivated, than either Afia or
Africa; is fuller of villages, towns, and
cities, and the buildings are ftronger,
more elegant and commodious. The in-
habitants are all whites, and, for the
moit part, much better made than the
Africans, er even the Afiatics. With re-
gard to arts and fciences, there is no
inanner of comparifon; ner yet in trade,
navigation, and war. Europe contains
Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Great Bri-
tain, Ireland, France, Germany, Pruffia,
Poland, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Hungary,
Swillerland, and part of Ruffia and ‘Tur-
key, befide feveral iflands in the Medi-
texranean, and cewhere. ‘The languages
EXE
are the Italian, French, Spanith, and Por-
tuguefe, which are dialects of the Latin;
the German, Flemith, Dutch, Swedith,
Danith, and Englith, which proceed trom
the ‘Feutonic ; the Sclavonian, which
reigns rea 19 in difguife) in Poland,
Ruifia, Bohemia, and a great part of Tur-
key in Europe; the Celtic, of which
there are dialects in Wales, the Highlands
of Scotland, Ircland, Bretagne in France,
and Lapland ; the medern Greek, and
feveral others. ‘The principal rivers are,
the Danube, Dnietter, Dnieper, Viftula,
Volga, Dwina, Bog, Oby, Don, Scheld,
Rhine, Rhone, Scine, Veire, Garonne,
Groyne, Tajo, Thames, and Severn. The
principal Jakes are thofe of Ccnftance,
Geneva, Laufanne, Wenner, Ladoga, and
Onega. The chief mountains are the
Alps, Appennines, and Pyrenees. The
prevailing religion is the Chriftian, di-
vided into the Greek, Romith, and pro-
teftant churches. ‘There are alio Jews
In every country, and Mahometanifin is
the eftablifhed religion of the Turks.
EUSTATIA, Sr. one of the leaft of the
Leeward Iflands in the W Indies. It is
a mountain in the form of a fugar-loaf,
whofe top is hollow, and lies to the Nw
of St. Chriftopher. It has a good fort,
and belongs to the Dutch, from whom it
was taken by the Englifh, in 1781; but
was foon after taken by the French, and
reftored to the Dutch in 1783. Lon. 63
10 W, lat. 17 29 N.
EuTim, a town of Holftein, with a
caftle, where the bifhop of Lubec refides.
It is feven miles from Lubec.
EWEL, a town in Surry, with a mar-
ket on Thurfday, feated on a rivulet which
empties itfelf into the Thames, at King-
fton. It is 10 miles NNz of Darking, and
13 SSE of London. Lon. o 15 w, Iat.
$1 25 N.
Ex, 2 river, which rifes in the foreft of
Exmoor, in Somerfetfhire, and leaving
that county, below Dulverton, runs to
Tiverton, Exeter, and Topfham, from
whence it forms an eftuary, which ter-
minates in the Englifh Channel, at Ex-
mouth.
EXETER, acity of Devonfhire, with a
market on Wednefday and Friday, feated
on the Ex, over which is a handfome
ftone bridge. It was formerly the feat
of the W Saxon kings, who retided in the
caftle, and is encompaffed with a wall, in
which are fix gates, in good repair. With
its fuburbs, it contains 15 churches, and
four chapels of eafe, ‘befide the cathedral,
which is a magnificent fabric. Ships of
burden formerly came up to this city
d Por.
Latin;
vedifh,
( from
which
Poland,
f Tur-
which
bhlands
‘rance,
’ and
rs are,
iftula,
Scheld,
with a
refides.
a mar-
‘which
King-
ig, and
y,. fat.
oreft of
eaving
uns to
. from
sh ter-
at Ex.
with a
feated
idfome
e feat
in the
all, in
With
s, and
edral,
‘ips of
city 3.
‘FROM THE BEST
AUTH i
J
i
ae
‘FROM THE BEST
AUTHORITIES.
po re nn rece
g aaron
EY S
but the navigation was almoft deftroyed
by Henry Courtney, earl of Devon, and,
though repaired, could not be reftored to
its tormer ftate. Its port, therefore, is
‘at Topfham, five miles below. It has
13 companies of tradefnin, a manufac.
ture of ferges and other woollen goods,
an extenfive foreign and domeftic com-
merce, and a fhare in the fifheries of New-
foundland and Greenland. It is governed
by a mayor, fends two members to par-
liament, and is 68 miles sw of Briftol, and
173 w by s of London. Lon. 3 33 Ws
lat. 50 44.N.
EXETER, a town of N Carolina, on
the NE branch of Cape Fear River, 30
miles N of Wilmington.
EXeTER, a town of New Hamphhire,
on Exeter River, with a good harbour,
15 miles sw of Portfinouth.
ExiLbeEs, a ftrong tort of France, in
the department of the Upper Alps and
.ate province of Dauphiny. It was taken
by the duke of Savoy in 1708, but re-
itored by the treaty of Utrecht. It is an
important paflage, fix miles w of Suza,
and 40 NE of Embrun.
Exmoor, a foreft in Somerfetfhire, in
the Nw corner of that county, extending
thence into Devonfhire.
Exmouth, 2 village in Devonhhire,
on the E fide of the bay which forms the
mouth of the river Ex, 10 miles s by E
of Exeter. It is much frequented for
the benefit of fea-bathing.
Eye, a borough in Suffolk, with a
market on Saturday. It fends two mem-
bers to parliament, and has the ruins of a
caftle and a Benedictine abbey. The
woinen are employed in making bone-
Ince. It is 20 miles N of Ipfwich, and
»+ Nz of London, Lon. to £, lat. 52
ioye, ariver, which-rifes in the nw of
Bei ckihire, and falls into the Britith
cean, at Eyeinouth,
EYEMOUTH, a feaport in Berwick-
fhire, at the mouth of the Eye, nine miles
N by w of Ierwick. Lon, 1 50 w, lat,
55 51 N.
EYespALE, a finall ifland on the coaft
of Argylefhire, tothe st of Mull, It is
noted for its flate quarries.
EYNDHOVEN, a town of Dutch Bra-
bant, in the diftrict of Bois-le-Duc, at the
ecafinence of the Eynds and Dommel, 13
miles sz of Bois-le-Duc. Lon. 5 26 £,
Jat. §1 31 N.
Eysocu, a river of the bifhopric of
Brixen, which waters the town of that
mame, and falls into the Adige below
Meran.
——————
FAL
F.
| persona a town of Italy, in the
marquifate of Ancona, famous for its
ood paper. It is 25 miles NE of Fo
igni. Lon. 12 32 £, lat. 43 10 N.
FAENZA, an ancient town of italy, in
Romagna, with a bifhop’s fee. It is
famous for fine earthen ware, invented
here ; and is feated on the river Amona, 12
miles sw of Ravenna.
FAHLUN, a town of Sweden, capital
of Dalecarlia, fituate in the midft of rocka
and hills, between the lakes of Run and
Warpen. It contains two churehes, and
(including the miners) 7000 inhabitants,
whofe houles are generally of wood, two
{tories high. The copper mine, which
ives exiftence and celebrity to the town,
is on its E fide. It is 30 miles NW of
Hedemora. Lon. 16 42 £, lat. 60 34.N.
FaiRFIELD, a town of Conne&icut,
feated near the fea, 100 miles sw of Boi-
ton. Lon. 73 30 w, lat. 41 12.N,
FAIRFORD, a town in Gloucetterthire,
with a market on Thurfday. The church
was built, in the time of Henry vn, by
John Fenn, a merchant of London, for
the fake of the glafs, taken in a hip go-
ing to Rome. It has 28 large windows,
curioufly painted with {cripture hiftories,
in beautiful colours, and defigned by tae
famous Albert Durer. It is feated on
the Coln, 25 miles se of Gloucefter, and
So w by N of London. Lon. 1 44 wy
lat. §1 40 N.
Farr Ise, an ifland of the Northern
Ocean, between Shetland and Orkney,
from both which its high towering rocks
are vifible. On the § fide, the duke of
Medina Sidonia, admiral of the Spanith
armada, was wrecked in 1588.
Fatsans, an ifland in the river Bi-
daffoa, which feparates France trom Spain.
It is alfo called the Ifle of Conference,
becaule Lewis XIV and Philip IV here
{wore to oblerve the peace of the Py-
renees, in 1660, after 24 conferences be-
tween their minifters. Here alfo the hof-
tages of France and Spain are received and
delivered, it being confidered as a neutral
place, It is fituate between Andaye
and Fentarabia. Lon. 1 46 wy lat. 43
20 N.
FAKENHAM, a town in Norfolk, with
a market on Thuriday, fituate ona hill,
20 miles NW of Norwich, and 110 NNE
of Londen. Lon. o 58 £, lat. 52 53 N.
Favalsg, a town of France, in the
department of Calvados and late province
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FAL
of Normandy, with a caftle, and one of
the fineft towers in France. It is re-
markuble for being the birthplace of Wil-
liam the Conqueror. It has a good trade
in ferges, linen, and lace; and its fair,
which begins on Auguft 16, is the moft
famous in France,: next to that of Beau-
caire. It is feated on the river Anté,
20 miles se of Caen, and 115 w of
Paris. Lon. o 2w, lat. 48 53.N.
FALKENBERG, a feaport ot Sweden, on
the Baltic, 17. miles Nw of Helmfiadt.
Lon. 12 50 Ey lat. 56 52 N.
FALKENRBURG, a ftrong town of Ger-
many, in the new marche of Branden-
burg, feated on the river Traiec, 60
miles E of Stetin. Lon. rg 58 £, lat.
53_35.Ne
FALKINGHAM, atown in Lincolnfhire,
with a market on Thurfday, 12 miles w
by s ot Boftor, and 104 N of London.
Lon. 0 20 w, lat. 52 48 N.
FALKIRK, @ town m_ Stirlinetfhire,
ehiefly fupported by the great ma’
tor Highland cattle, called Tryits, wi
are held in its neighbourhood thrice a
year: 15,000 head of cattle are fome-
times fold at one tryft: thefe, for the
moft part, are {ent to England, and fat-
tened for the butcher. Here, in 1746,
the rebels defeated the king’s forces. It
is nine miles s of Stirling. Lon. 4 58 w,
lat. 55 57 N.
FALKLAND, a borough in Fifefhire,
at the foot of one of the beautiful green
hills called the Lomonds. Here are the
magnificent ruins of a royal aa fome
apartments of which are itill inhabited.
Falkland has jome linen manufaéture, but
its inhabitants are chiefly employed in
agriculture. It is 20 miles N of Edin-
burgh. Lon. 3 7 w, lat. 56 18 N,
FALKLAND ISLANDS, near the ftraits
of Magellan, in S America, difcovered
by fir Richard Hawkins, in 1594. In
1764, commodore Byron was fent to take
pofeffion of them, and he made a {ettle-
ment on a part which he called Port Fg.
mont. In 1770, the Spaniards forefuly
difpofleffed the Englifh, which produced
an armament on the part of the Britifh
court; but the affair was fettled by a
convention, and the Englifh regained
poffeffion : however, in 1774, it was
abandoned. Lon. 60° w, lat. 529 s.
FALMOUTH, a corporate town and
feaport in Cornwall, with a market on
Thurfday. It has a very noble and ex-
tenfive harbour, communiceting with a
number of navigable creeks ; and its en-
trance is defended by the caftles of St.
Mawes and Pendennis. It is governed
FAR
by 2 mayor; and is a town of great
traffic, much improved by its being the
ftaticn of the packets to Spain, Portugal,
and America. It is ro miles s of Truro,
and 268 wsw of London. Lon. 52 w,
lat. 50 8N.
FaLMouTH, a town of Virginia, on
the river Rappahannoc.
Fase Bay, a bay # of the Cape of
Gcod Hope, frequented during the pre-
valence of the nw winds in May. Lon.
18 33 F, lat. 34 10S.
Fase, Cape, £ of the Cape of Good
Hope. Lon. 18 448, lat. 34165.
FAaLstTeER, a little ifland of Denmark,
near the entrance of the Baltic, between
the iflands of Zealand, Laland, and Mona.
Nikoping is the capital. 7 ;
FAMAGUSTA, a town in the iflfid of
Cyprus, with a Greek bifhop’s fee, and a
harbour, defended by two forts. It was
taken by the Turks, in 1570, after a
fiege of fix months, when they flayed the
Venetian governor alive, and murdered
ye inhabitants, though they furrendered
m honorable terms. It is 62 miles ng
ot Nicofia. Lon. 35 558, lat. 35 10N.
FAMINE, Port, a fortrefs, on the
NE coaft of the ftraits of Magellan. Here
a Spanifh garrifon perifhed for want ;
fice which it has been negleéted. Lon.
70 20 W, lat. 55 44%.
FANANO, a town of Italy, in the Mo-
denefe, 25 miles s of Modena. Lon. 11
18 £, lat. 44 ION.
Fano, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Urbino, with a bifhop’s fee. Here
are an ancient triumphal arch, handfome
churches, and fine palaces. It is feated
on the gulf of Venice, eight miles sz of
Pefaro. Lon. 13 5 8, lat. 43 46N. ©
FaNnTIn, a finall but populous king-
dom of Airica, on the Gold Coaft of Gui-
nea, where the Englifh and Dutch have
forts. Its palm-wine is much better and
itrenger than that in other parts of the
coatt, ‘The principal village has the
fame name.
FaREHAM, a town in Hamphhire, with
a market on Wedneiday, 12 miles £ of
Southampton, and 74 w by s of London,
Lon. 1 6 wy Int. 50 53 N.
FAREWELL, Cape, the moft foutherly
promontory of Greenland, at the entrance
of Davis’ Strait, Lon. 42 42 W, lat. 59
38 Ne
FAREWELL, Cape, a promontory of
the ifland of New Zealand. Lon, 173
41 £, lat. 40°37 S.
FaRGEAU, ST, an ancient town of
France, in the department of Yonne and
late province of Burgundy, with a caltle,
FAR FEL
ro miles ¢@ of Briare, and 82 s of Paris. ruins of Perfepolis, perhaps the moft mag-
Lon. 3 8 &, lat. ¢7 40 N. niftcent im the world.
FARNHAM, 2 town in Surry, with a Farrack, a town of Arabia Felix, at
market on Thurlday. It has a caltle; the foot of a capeof the fame name. Lon,
fituate on an eminence, where the bifhop 51 25 £, lat. 15 55 °- ‘
of Winchetter ufually refides. It isone = Fartipour, a town of Hindocftan
of the preateft wheat markets in Eng- Proper, in the province of Agra, where
land, and the fine hops, grown in plan- the emperors of Hindooftan, when in the
_tations round it, bear a much greater price zenith of their power, had a palace. I¢
than thofe of Kent. It is feated on the is 25 miles w of Agra. Lon. 77 43 Ey
Wye, 12 miles w of Guildtord, and 39 lat. 27 22 Na
wsw of Iondon. Lon.o 46 w, lat. 51 FAVAGNANA, 2 fmall ifland, 15 miles
16 N. , in compafs, on the w fide of Sicily,
Faro, a feaport of Portugal, in Al- with a fort. Lon. tz 25 z, lat. 38
perv on the gulf of Cadiz, with 2 16.N.
ithhop’s fee, 20 miles sw of Tavira. FAUQUEMONT, or VALKENBURG, @
Lon. 7 48 w, lat. 36 54.N. town of Dutch Limburg, on the river
Faro, Farro, or Feror Isuanps, Geule, feven miles £ of Maeftricht. Lon.
a clufter of {mall iflands in the Northern 5 50 £, lat. 50 52 N-
Ocean, between 5 and 8° w lon. and 61 FaYALy, one of the Azores, or Wettern
and 63°N lat. They are fubjeé&t to Den- Iflands, which fuffered greatly by an
mark. Seventeen are habitable, each of earthquake, in 1764. Its capital is Villa
which is a lofty mountain, divided from do Horta.
the others by deep and rapid currents. © FAyYENCE, a town of France, in the
Some of thém are deeply indented with department of Var and late province of
fecure harbours, all of them fteep, and Provence, near the river Biafon, 10 miles
moit of them faced with tremendous pre- woof Graffe. Lon. 6 448, lat. 43 38N.
cipices. The furface confifts of a thallow FAYETTZ, a county of Kentucky,
foil of remarkable fertility ; producing bounded on the n by the Ohio, on the
plenty of barley, and fine grafs for fheep. £ by Bourbon county, and cn the sw by
No trees above the fize of a juniper, or the river Kentucky. Lexington is the
ftunted willow, will grow here; nor are capital.
any quadrupeds to be feenexcept the fheep, FAYETTE, a county of Pennfylvania,
and rats and mice; originally efcaped 47 miles long and 33 broad. In 1790.
from fhips. Vatt quantities of feafowls it contained 13,325.inhabitants. Union
frequent the rocks, and the taking of is the capital.
them furnifhes a perilous employment for = FAYETTEVILLE, a town of N Caro-
the inhabitants. ‘The exports are falted lina, on the Nw branch of Cape Fear
mutton, tallow, goofe-quills, feathers, River, 90 miles nw of Wilmington,
eider-down, knit Woollen waiftcoats, caps, to which that river is navigable for
and ftockings. To the s of thefe iilands boats.
is a confiderable whirlpool. Fear, Care, a cape of N Carolina,
FaRo OF MESSINA, the ftrair between remarkable for a dangerous fhoal, called,
Italy and SicWy, remarkable for having from its form, the Frying Pan. This
the tide ebb and flow every fix hours, with fhoal lies at the entrance of Cape Fear
great rapidity, though it is but feven River, which is formed by two branches,
miles over. It is fo named, from the called the Nw and Ne branches.’ Theie
faro, or lighthoufe, on Cape Faro, and its unite above Wilmington, and fall into the
vicinity to Meffina. Atlantic, below Bruniwick. Lon. 77
FARRINGDON, a town in Berks, with 435 w, lat. 33 40 N.
a market on Tuefdlay, feated on an eimi- FecampP, an ancient feaport of France,
nence, near the Thames, 18 miles w of in the department of Lower Seine and
Oxford, and 50 w by N of London. Lon. late province of Normandy. It had lately
1 27 W, lat. 51 44 N. a Benedictine abbey, remarkable for its
FAR3ISTAN, a province of Perfia, cpulence and great privileges. The
bounded on the E by Kerman, on the N church is one of the largeft i> France.
by Irac-Agemi, on the w by Kufiftan, Fecamp is 24 miles ne of Havre-des
and on the s by the gulf of Perfia. Ft is Grace. Lon. © 238, lat. 49 37 .N.
very fertile, and famous for its excellent FErLDEIRCHF, a trading town of Ger-
wincs, called the Wines of Schiras, the many, capital of a county of the fame
Capital ef this province. Here ave the name, in Dyol. Itis itated om the river
ucla iii acini isi ha as ere ta
FER
Til, near its entrance into the Rhine, 35
miiles E of Appenzel. Lon. 9 49 E. Jat.
47 I0N.
FELLETIN, a town of France, in the
department of Creufe and late province
of Marce, noted for its manutacture of
tapeftry.
FELLEN, a town in the Ruffian go-
vwernment of Riga, feated on a river of
the {ame name, 62 miles sz of Revel.
Lan. 24 5 £, lat. 58 22 N.
FELTRI, an epifcopal town of Italy,
in the Trevifano, capital of a diftri¢t of
the fame name. It is teated on the Afo-
na, 40 miles N of Padua. Lon.11 55 £,
lat. 46 3 N.
FEMEREN, 2 fertile ifland of Denmark,
in the Baltic, three miles from the coaft
of Holftein.
FENESTRELLE, 2 town and fort of
Piedmont, in the valley of the Vaudois.
It was taken by the duke of Savoy, from
the French, in 1708, and ceded to him by
the treaty of Utrecht. It is 18 miles w
of Turin. Lon7 21, lat. 45 10N.
FERARAD, a town of Perfia, in the
province of Mazanderan, feated among
the mountains which bound the Cajpian
Sea to the s, and 12 miles from it.
Shah- Abbas oiten fpent his winters here,
It is 130 miles w ot Aftrabad. Lon. 53
z1 Ey lat. 37 14.N.
FERABAD, atown of Perfia, two miles
from Iipahan, and extending almoft three
miles along the banks of the Zenderoad.
It was built by Shah- Abbas, who brought
the Armenians here from the preceding
town, after they had revolted trom the
Turks.
Ferg, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aifhe and late province of
Picardy, famous for its powder-mill, and
School of artillery. Near this town is the
caltle of St. Gobin, famous for its manu-
facture of fine plate-glats. Fere is jeated
at the confluence of the Serre and Oitfe,
20 miles Nn of Soiflons, and 75 NE.ot Pa-
ris. Lon. 3 25 £, lat. 49 29 N.
FERENTINO, or FIORENTO, an epil-
copal town of Italy, in Campagna di Ko-
ma, feated on a mountain, 44 miles SE
of Rome. Lon. 13 27 Ey lat. 41 46 N.
FERMANAGH, a county of Ireland, in
the province of Ulfter, 38 miles in length,
aid 23 in breadth; bounded on the n by
Donegal and Tyrone, on the gE by Ty-
rone and Monaghan, on the s by Cavan
and, Leitrim, and on the w by Leitrim.
It contains 19 parifhes, and fends four
members to parliament. Innifkilling’is
the capital.
FerMo, an ancient town of Italy, in
FER
the marquifate of Ancona, with an arch-
bifhop’s fee. It is feated near the gulf
of Venice, 17 méles sE of Macerata.
Lon. 14 50 £, lat. 43 7.N.
FERNANDO NORONHA, an ifland near
the coait of Brafil, fubjeSt to the Portu-
guefe. Lon. 32 33 Ww, lat. 3 565.
FERNANDO Po, an ifland of Africa,
25 miles w of the coaft of Benin. It is
30 miles long, and 20 broad. Lon. 3
3 E, lat.3 6 N..
FEROE IsLanps. See Faro.
FERRARA, acity of Italy, capital of
a duchy of the fame name, with a bifhop’s
fee. Its magnificent itreets, and number
of fine buildings, eyince that it was for-
merly a flourifhing place, but the pre-
fent inhabitants are few in proportion to
its extent, and bear every mark of po-
verty. They retain an old privilege of
wearing {words by their fide, which ex-
tends to the loweft mechanics, who ftrut
about with great dignity. Fencing is the
only {cience in a flourifhing condition in
this town, which furnifhes all Italy with
fkiltul fencing-mafters. It was famous
formerly for a manufacture of {word-
blades. In the Benediétine church, Ari-
ofto the poet is interred. Ferrara was
taken by the French in July 1796. It is
feated on the Po, 25 miles NE of Bologna.
Lon. 11 41 E, lat. 44 54.N.
FERRARA, or the FERRARESE, aduchy
of Ital; in the territory of the Church,
bounded on the Nn by the Polefino di Ro-
vigno, on the w by the Mantuan, on the
8 by the Bolognefe and Romagna, and
on the E by the gulf of Venice. It had
its own dukes till 1597, when pope Cle-
ment Vill united it to the apoftolic cham-
ber. Since that time it has been almoft
all uncultivated, though it was one of the
fineft countries in Italy. The air is un-
wholefome, on account of the marfhes,
and the inhabitants are too few to drain
them. Ferrara is the capital.
FERRENDINA, a town of Naples, in
Bafilicata, near the river Bafiante, 25
miles sw of Matera. Lon. 16 34 Ey
lat. 40 40 N.
FERRO, or HIERO, one of the Canary
Iflands, from the w extremity of whica
feveral geographers have reckoned their
firft meridian. It is a dry and barren
ipot, affording no water except what is
fupplied by the fountain-tree, which dif-
tiis water trom its leaves, in fuch plenty,
as to anfwer all the purpofes of the in-
habitants. Lon. 17 46 w, lat. 27 47N.
FERROL, a teaport of Spain, in Ga-
licia, on a bay of the Atlantic. Its har-
bayr is one of the beft in Europe, tor the
irche
gulf
rata.
near
ortu-
Ticay
It is
Mn. 3
al of
nop’s
mber
_ for-
pre-
on to
P ein
age
h ex-
ftrut
is the
yn in
with
mous
yord~-
Ari-
was
It is
ena.
uchy
rchy
Ro-
in the
and
had
Cle.
Naiti~
Imoft
f the
Ss un-
rfhes,
rain
Dy in
» 25
4 E>,
nar
hice
their
Arren
t is
dif-
- nty>
e in-
N.
Ga-
har-
FE Z
veffels lie fafe frorh all winds; amd here
the Spanith fquadrons frequently, rendez-
vous in time of war. It is 20 miles NE
of Corunna, and 65 w of Rivades.. Lon.
8 4 Ww, lat. 43 30 N.
” ERTE-ALAIS, 2 town of France, in
the department of Seine and Oile and
late province of the Ifle of France, 18
miles s of Paris. Lon, 2 27,F, lat. 48 30 N.
FERTE-BERNARD, a town of France,
in the department of Sarte and late pro-
vince of Maine, feated on the Huifne, 20
miles NE of Mans. Lon. o 39 £, lat. 488 N.
FeveRSHAM, a feaport in Kent, on a
creek of the Medway, much frequented
by {mall veffels. It, is a member of the
por of Dover, and governed by a,mayor.
t has a market: on Wednefday and .Sa-
turday ; is famous for the beft oylters
for laying in ftews ;, and has feveral gun-
powder-miils in its neighbourhood, Here
are the, remains of a ftately abbey, built
by king Stephen, who wag interred in Jit,
with his queen and fon; and. here James 1
attempted to embark, after the fuccefs of
the prince of Orange, but was {topped by
the populace, and conveyed back to Lon-
don, Feverfhamis nine miles w of Can-
_terbury,.and 48 gE by s of London. Lon.
© 55 E, lat. 51 22 N.
Feurs, an ancient town of France,
in the departinent of Rhone and Loire and
late province of Forez, feated onthe Loire,
23 miles sw of. Lyons, 6
Fez, a kixgdom of Barbary, 125 miles
in Iength ane breadth; bounded on.the
w by the Atlantic. Ocean, on the n by
the Mediterranean Sea, on the E by Al-
giers, and on the s by Morocco and Ta-
hlet. The air is temperate and whole-
_ fome, and the country tull of mountains,
articularly to the w and s, where
ount Atlas lies; but it is populous and
fertile, producing-citrons, lemons, ovanges,
dates, almonds, olives, figs, raifins, fugar,
heney, flax, cotton, pitch, and corn in
abundance. The inhabitants breed ca-
mels, beeves, fheep, and the fineft-horfes
in Barbary.
Fez, the capital of the kingdom of |
Fez,, and one of the largeft cities in Af-
rica, It is, compoled of three towns,
called Beleyde, Old Fez, and New Fez. .
Old Fez.is.the moft confiderable, and
contains about 80,000 inhabitants. The
palaces are magnificent, and there are 700
mofques, 50 of which are very contider-
able, adorned with marble pillars, and
other ornaments. The houies are built
of brick or ftone, and adorned with mo-
faic work; thofe of brick are ornamented
_. with glazing and colours, like Dutch
FEZ
tiles, and the wood-work and. ceilings
are carved, painted, and gilt. ‘The
roofs are flat, and they flcep thereon. in
the {ummer,,., There is: a icourt to ev
houfe, in which are {quare:marble bafins.
Here are two colleges for ttudents, ‘finely
built of marble and adorned with paint-
ings ; one of thefe has 100 rooms, and
the fides airy adorned with marble pillars
of various colours, whofe capitals are
gilt, and the roof glitters with gold,
azure, and purples; Here are many hof-
pitals, and «above :100 public... baths,
many of .which;are: ftately ftruétures.
Al the tyades live: in a feparate part. of
the citys, and the exchange, full of all
forts ot rich merchaiidile, is as large asa
_Jmal]. town. The gardens are beautiful,
and full of all kinds of fragrant flowers
and fhrubs, fo that the city, in: general,
is a fort of terreftrial paradife., ‘The
inhabitants are clothed like the Turks:
the ladies dreis is-very expenfive in the
winter ; but in; the fummer,. they -wear
nothing but a fhift. | Fez is the centre of
the trade of this empire; and hence: cara-
vans go to Mecea, carrying ready-made
garments, Cordovan leather, indiga,:ce-
chinea]; and oftyich feathers, for. which
they bring in return. filks, muflins,’ and
drugs. Other caravans go to ‘Tombuétoo,
and the river Niger; one of which‘con-
fits of 20,000: men. - They travel over
fuch dry barren deferts, that every other
camel carries water. Their commodities
are falt,. cowries, wrought filk, Britith
cloth, and the woollen manufattures : of
Barbary. Here are a great number of
Jews, who: have handfome fynagogues ;
but the bulk of the inhabitants are Moors,
of a tawny complexion. Fez is.160 miles
s of Gibraltar, and 250 NE of Morocco.
Lon. 5 § w, lat. 33 40 N. mn
FEZZAN,akingdom of Africa, boun
ed on then by Tripoli, on the B by de-
ferts that divide it from Egypt, on thes
by Bornou, and: on the w by the defexts
of Zahara, lying: between 25 and.309.N
lat. It is an extenfive plain, encompaffed
by mountains, except to the w; and to
the influence of thefe heights it may. be
owing, that, here, as,well as in: Upper
Egypt, no tain is ever known, Though
the charaéter of the furface (which, in
general, is a light fand) and the want of
rain, may feem to announce fterility, yet
the {prings are fo abundant, ‘that few of
the regions in the N of Africa exhibit a
richer, vegetation. From wells of .eight
or 10 feet deep, with feveral of which
every garden ana ‘eld: is furnifhed, the
hufhandman waters yg Ratural or artifice
ape
LETS RS Bp ig PEE OF
= sisters
SS ET ETE Dem morse
FEZ FIFE
cial produétions of his land; among dant, the Fezzanner is defirous that others
which are the date tree, the olive, lime, fhould partake of it; and if 20 perfons
apricot, pomegranate, fig, Indian corn were unexpectedly to vifit his dwelling,
‘and barley, wheat, pompions or calabafh, ‘they muft all participate as far as it will
carrots, cucumbers, onions, and garlic. go. When they fettle their money tranf-
Among the tame animals are the theep, actions, they fquat upon the ground, and
cows, goat, camel, and a fpecies of thedo- having levelled a fpot with their hands,
‘meftic fow! of Europe. The wild ani- make dots as they reckon: if they are
mals ,are' the oftrich, and antelopes of wrong, they fmooth the {pot again, and
various kinds ; one of which is called the repeat the calculation. Even the byftand-
chuaddee, and is.celebrated-for the fingu- ers are as eager to correct miftakes as if
‘lar addrefs with which, when chafed by the ‘affair were their own. Gold duft
the hunters, amid’ its craggy hel hts, it -conftitutes the chief medium of payment ;
plunges from»the precipice, and lighting and value, in that medium, is always ex-
on its hams, without danger of purfuit, preffed by weight. In religion, they are
_continues till evening in the vale below. rigid, but not intolerant Mahometans.
The heat of the climate from April to € government is monzrchical; but its
“November, is fo intente, that from nine powers are adminiftered with fuch regard
“in the morning to funiet, the ftreets are ‘to the happinefs of the people, the rights
frequented by the labouring people only; of property are fo revered, the taxes fo |
«and, even in the houfes, re{piration woul! moderate, and juftice is diref&ted by fuch
:becdifficult, but for the expedient of wec- a firm, yet temperate hand, that the
sting the rooms: from May to the end of people are ardently attached to their fove-
‘Auguit, when the wind is ulually from reign. Mourzook is the capital.
the sz to the sw, the heat is often fuch | FIANO, a town of Italy, in the patri-
as: to:threaten inftant uffocation; but if mony of ‘St. Peter, feated on the Tiber,
vit:change to the \w or Nw, a reviving 15 miles N of Rome.
$refhnefs immediately fucveeds. Butna- | FIANona, a town of Venetian Iftria,
‘ture and cuftom have formed their confti- feated on the gulf of Carnero, 17 miles s
‘tution to fuch high degrees of heat, that of Pola. “a
.anyapproach to the:commontemparament — F1ascone, an epifcopal town of Italy,
-of Europe entirely deftroys their comfort. in the territory of the church, ‘noted for
“A multitude of noxious animals infeft fine mufcadine wine. It is feated on a
-the country: adders, ‘fnakes, fcorpions, mountain near Lake ‘Bolfena, 12 miles
and toads, are the conftant inhabitants of Nw of Viterbo. Lon.'12 13 £, lat. 42
ithe fields, gardens, and-houfes; the air 34 N.
‘hs crowded with mofquitos; and perfons FICHERULOLO, a fortified town of
‘of every rank are overrun'with the dif- Italy, in the Ferrarefe, feated on the Po,
ferent kinds of vermin that attack the 12 miles w of Ferrara, Lon. 11 31 £,
beggars of Europe. e towns are lat.45 6N.
« chiefly :inhabited**by hufbandmen and. FreRaNnzuo_o, a town of Italy, in
fhepherds ; for, though they alfo contain the Parmefan, 10 miles sz of Placentia.
the merchants, artificers, minifters of re- Lon. 9 44 £, lat. 44 59 N.
~ligion, and : officers ‘of .governnient, yet | F1rgz0L1, an ancient town of Italy, in
-agriculture and pafturage’are the principal the Florentino, with a bifhop’s fee, five
ceccupations. The houfizs are built of miles Ne of Florence. Lon. 11 11 £,
«xlay;-with a flat roof compofed of boughs lat. 43 49 N.
+ of: trées, on which a-quantity of earth is FIFESHIRE, a county of Scotland, 50
‘laid. The natives are of adeep {warthy miles long, and 16 in its greateft breadth ;
« complexion; their hair athort curly black, - bounded on the N by the trith of Tay, on
their lips thick, their nofes flat and broad, thes by the Britifh Ocean, on the s by
‘and. their {kin mitting a very fetid ef. the frith’ of Forth, and om the w by the
*fluvia: they are tall, and well-fhaped; cdunties of Kinrofs, Perth, and Clack-
but weakly, indolent, and inative. Their mannan. It is fo populous, that except-
drefs is fimilar to that of the Moors of ing the environs of London, fcarce one
Barbary. In their common intercourfe, in S Britain can vie with it; fertile in
all diftin&tions of rank feem forgotten: foil; abundant in cattle ; happy in col-
the fhe. :f (or governor) and the loweft lieries, in iron, in lime, and freeftone ;
ple ‘an; the rich and the poor, the mafter bleffed in manufaétures; the property
. ana che fervant, converfe familiarly, and remarkably well-divided ; none iniult-
eat and drink together. Generous and ingly powerful to diftrefs, and often de-
hofpitable, let his tare be {canty or abun-. populate'a country; ‘moft of the fortunes
<
Se ee ——
ert a att sia 8000
‘others
er'fons
elling,
it will
tranf-
d, and
hands,
by are
1, and
yftand -
s as if
d duft
‘ment 5
ays ex~
ley are
1etans.
ut its
regard
rights
xes fo |
y fuch
at the
r fove-
: patri-
iber,
Iftvia,
niles 8
F Italy,
ted rbd
ton a
miles
at. 42
wn of
en Poy
33 E>»
aly, in
icentia.
aly, in
e, five
I1 Ey
nd, 50
eadth ;
ay, on
4 by
by the
Clack-
except.
ce one
tile in
in. col-
eftone 3
roperty
iniult-
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ortunes
ett ae:
asia
FIN
ef a ufeful mediocrity. The number of
towns is almoft unparalleled in an equal
tract of coaft; for the whole fhore, trom
Crail to Culrofs, about 40 miles, is one
continued chain of towns, and villages.
Cupar is the county-town.
FiGcari, a feaport of Corfica, at the
mouth of a river of the faine name, 22
miles wnw of Bonifacio.
FIGEAC, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lot and late province of
Querci. It had recently a rich Benedic-
tine abbey, founded in 755, and fecula-
rized in 1556. It is feated on the Sellé,
22 miles E£ of Cahors, and 270 s of Paris.
Lon. 1 58 8, lat. 44 32. Ne
FIGUEIRO-DOS-VINHOS, a town of
Portugal, in Eftramadura, feated among
mountains, near the river Zizere, and re-
markable tor excellent wine. It is 22
miles N of Tomar. Lon. 7 45 w, lat.
39 49 N.
FIGUERAS, or ST. FERNANDO-DE-FI-
GUERAS, a ftrong and important fortrefs
of Spain, in Catalonia, 10 miles Nw of
Rofes. It furrendered to the French in
1794, without firing a fhot. Lon. 2 46
E, lat. 42-18 N. =
FiLLecx, a town of Hungary, in the
county of Novigrad, feated on the Ipol,
zo miles trom Agria. Lon. 19 8 £, lat.
48 24.N.
FINAL, a town of Italy, on the coa%
of Genoa, with a ftre .2 citadel, two ferts,
and acaftle. It ‘was fold to the Genoefe,
by the emperor Charles v1, in 1713; and
is 30 miles sw of Genca. Lon. 8:0 £,
lat. 44 14.N.
FINALE, a town of Italy, in the Mo-
denefe. It has been often taken and re-
taken; the lait time by the French in
Nov. 1795. Yt is feated on an ifland
formed by the river Panaro, 22 miles
NE of Modena. Lon. 11 25 E; lat. 44
46 N. ;
Finpuorn, a fithing town in Murray-
fhire, at the mouth of a bay of the fame
name, with a tolerable harbour. It is
17 miles w by n of Elgin. Lon. 3 40
W, lat. 57 45N.
Finpuorn, a river of Scotland, which
rifes in Inverneisfhire, and croffing Nairne-
fhire and the Nw.corner of Murray-
fhire, forms a bay, to which it gives
name, and which opens into the frith of
Murray, at the town of Findhorn.
FINISTERRE, CAPE, the moft weftern
cape, not only of Spain, but of Europe.
It was thought, by the ancients, to have
no country beyond it, and therefore they
gave it a name which fignifies the Land’s
End, Lon. 917 W, lat. 42 53 Ne
FIU
FINisTERR#, 2 department of France)
whicn includes part of the late province
of Bretagne. Its name fignifies . the
Land's End, it being the moft wefterly.
part of France. Quimper is the capital:
FINLAND, one of the five general dix
vifions of Sweden, bounded on the n by
Bothnia and Lapland, on the £ by Wi-
burgh, on the s tsp the gulf of Finland,
ani on the w by that of Bothnia. It
contains the provinces of Finland Proper;
the If{le of CEland, Oftrobothnia, ‘Ta-
vatteland, Nyland, Savolax, and that
part of the fiefs of Kymene and Carelia;
which Sweden has preferved. Abo ig the
capital, LP ag
FINLAND, Russian. See WIBURGH®
FinMaRK, a part of Danifh Lapland,
in the government of Wardhuys.
FIONDA, an ancient town of Natolia,
on the gulf of Satalia, with a bifhop’s
fee, 25 miles sw of Satalia. Lon. 33
57 E, lat. 3645N.
FiorentTO. See FERENTINO.
FIorRENZzO, St. a feaport of Corficay
on a gulf of the fame name,. feven miles
w of Baftia. It was taken by the Eng-
lifh and Corficans, from the French, in
1794 Lon. 9g 20 £, lat. 42 35.N.
FisHER-ROW, a town near Edinburgh,
on the w fide of the mouth of the: siver
Efk, which contains many handiome
houfes, and has fome elegant villas in its
vicinity. Pd
FIsKARD,-a-corporate town in Pem-
brokefhirey with a market on Friday. Ie
is governed by a mayor, and carries‘on'a
good trade in herrings. It is fituate on
a’ fteep cliff, on a bay of St. George's
Channel, 16 miles NE of St. David’s, and
242 W by Nof London. Lon.4 52 w,
lat. 52 4.N. ’
Fish River, GREAT, a confiderable
river of Africa, which rifes in the un-
known interior regions, divides Caffraria
from the country of the Hottentots, and
falls into the Indian Ocean, in lat. 30
30 Ss» The deepeft parts of this river
are inhabited by the hippopotamus, and
the adjacent woods by Clephante, rhino-
cerofes, and buffaloes,
FIsTeLLa, a fortified town of Mo-
rocce. ‘The inhabitants carry on a great
trade in fine garments. It is 125 miles wa
of Morocco. Lon. 5 55 Ww, lat. 32 27 N
Five CHURCHES, an epifcopal town
of Hungary, 85 miles s of Buda. Lon.
18 13 EB, lat. 465 N.
, Frum, the capital of a pravince of the
ame name in Egypt. It is u-
lous, and the Cophts have a bithopts fee.
Here are many ai of magnificent an»
A
FLE
cient ftruftures; and it has a confiderable
trade in flax, linen mats, raifins, and
figs. The province contains a great
number of canals and bridges built by
the ancient Egyptians. ‘The town is
feated on a canal, that communicates with
the Nile, 70 miles sw of Cairo. Lon.
30 49 £, lat. 29 2 N.
Fiume, or St. Veit, a feaport of
Auftrian Iftria, with a caftle.. It is very
populous; noted for wine, good figs, and
other fruits; and the cathedral is worth
obfervation. ‘The harbour is formed by
the river Finmara, which enters the bay
of Carnero, in the gulf of Venice. It
is 37 miles g of Capod'litria. Lon. 14
$6 8, lat. 45 40N.
FLAMBOROUGH HEap, a lofty pro-
montory ist Yorkthire, whoie tnow-white
cliffs are {een fay out at fea, and ferve tor
a direction to thips. Its rocks are occu-
ied by innumerable multitudes of tea-
owls, which fill the air atid ocean all
around. It is five miles £ of Burlington.
Tan. © 4E, lat. 54 ON.
. FLANDERS, a country of the Nether-
lands, divided into Dutch, Auftrian, and
French Flanders; the laft now included
in the department of the North. It is
60 miles in length, and 50 in breadth;
boynded on the N by the German Ocean
and the United Provinces, on the £ ‘by
Brabant, on the s by Hajnault and Ar-
tois, and on the w by Artois and the
German Ocear.. It is a level country,
fertile in grai:: and paftures, and the air
is good. ‘The manufactures are fine linen,
lace, and tapeftry.
FLATTERY, CaPé, an the w coatt of
N America, difcovered by captain,Cook
in 1778; and fo named, because he was
difappointed at not finding a harbour.
Lon. 124 57 w, lat. 48 .5 N.
FLAVIGNI, a town of France, in the
artment of Coted’Or and late province
Burgundy, with a late celebrated Be-
nediétine ab It is feated'on a moun-
tain, 12 miles £ of Semur, and 140 E of
Paris. Lon. 437, lat. 47 26N.
FLECHE, a town of France, in the
department of Sarte and late province of
Maine. Here is a college built in 1603,
by Henry 1v, which is the nobleft in
France; and in the chapel are depofited
his heart and that of his queen Mary of
Medicis, in gold boxes. It is feated on
the river Loir, 22 miles N of Angers.
Lon. o 3 Wy, lat. 47 39 N.
FLEET, a river in Kirkcudbrightthire,
which winds through a beantiful valley,
de
e
and enters. Wigton Bay, at Gatehoute.
this river are the weltiges
Qe the w ade
F LI
of a camp, a druidical circle, and a vt-
trified fort.
FLENDSBURG, 2 town of Denmark,
capital of Slefwick, with a ftrong citadel.
It has a harbour in the Baltic Sea, and is
a place of confiderable commerec, 15
miles Nw of Slefwick. Lon. 9 47 x, lat.
54 50 N.
Fieurus, a village of the Auftrian
Netherlands, in the province of Namur,
remarkable for a viétory gained by the
French, over the allies, in 1690; and
here, in June 1794, the Auftrians were
defeated in a general attack of the French
polts. It is fix miles ng of Charleroy.
FLEURY, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Saone and Loire and late
province of Burgundy, 30 miles N of
Chalons, Lon. 4 50 £, lat. 47 13 N.
Fiiz, or VLIELAND, an illand on the
coaft of Holland, at the middle of the
entrance of the Zuider-Zee.
Fuint, a town in Flinthire, which
gives name to the county, and tends one
member to parliament; but it is a fmall
pe without trade, and the aflizes are
eld at Mold. Here are the remains of
acaftle, in which Richard 11 was delivered
into the hands of his rival, atterward
Henry tv, It is feated on the river Dee,
12 miles w by n of Chefter, and 193
NW of London. Lon. 3 2 w, lat. 53
16 N.
FLINTSHIRE, 2 county of N Wales,
29 miles in length and 12 where broadeft ;
bounded on the N and Ne by a bay, at
the mouth of the Dee, which divides it
trom Chefhire; on the Nw by the Irith
Sea; on the £ by the Dee, which con-
tinues to divide it from Chethire, and on
the s and sw from Denbighfhire. Part
of Flintthire extends on the & fide of the
Dee, about nine miles, between Chefhire
and Shropfhire. It Kes in the diocefes o
St. Afaph and Chelter; contains five
hundreds, two market-towns, and 28
facies and fends two members to par-
iament. The vallies poffefs coal and
freeftone, the chills lead and calamine,
with vaft quantities of limeftone. The
principal trade is mining and fmelting.
The northern part produces wheat: there
is alfo much wood. A lofty range of
mountains rifea on the w and forms a
bold frontier. It produces good. butter,
cheefe, and honey, of which laft the na-
tives make metheglin, a wholefome liquor,
much ufed in thoie parts. ‘The principal
rivers are the Clwyd, Wheeler, Dee, Se-
viop, Elwy, and Allen.
Fiix, a town of Spain, in Catalonia,
Grong beth by at-and wacuc. Tt
d
FLO
‘built ona peninfula, in the river Ebro,
where it makes an elbow, which ferves
the town inftead of aditch, and may be
conducted quite round it. The fide
where the river does not pafs, is covered
by mountains, and defended by a caftle
on aneminence; and near it is a water-
fall. It is 20 miles s of Lerida. Lon.
© 26 £, lat. 4115 WN.
FLORENCE, an ancient and celebrated
city of Italy, eapital of Tufcany, with
an archbifhop's fee, and a univerfity.
It is divided into two unequal parts, by
the river Arno, over which are four
bridges; that called the Pome della
Trinita, is built entirely of white marble,
and ornamented with four ftatues, repre-
fenting the four feafons. The quays, the
buildings on each fide, and the bridyes,
render the part through which the river
tuns, by far the fineft. The ftreets,
{quares, and fronts of the. palaces, are
adorned with a great number of {tatues ;
fome of them by the beft modern matters.
Sorne of theF larentine merchants, formerly,
‘were men of great wealth, and lived in
a magnificent manner. One of them,
in the middle of the 15th century, built
that noble fabric, which, from the name
of its founder, is fill called the Palazzo
Pitti. He was ruined by the prodigious
expence of this building, which was im-
mediately purcha&d by the Medici fa-
mily, .who made fome enlargements ; and
it has continued, ever fince, to be the
refidence of the grand dukes of Tufcany.
The gardens belonging to this palace,
are on the declivity of an eminence:
on the fummit is a kind of fort, called
Belvedere, from which, and fome of the
higher walks, is a complete view of the
city, and the beautiful vale of Arno.
Among the innumerable objefts, which
attract univer(al admiration, is the famous
Florentine gallery. One of its moft in-
terefting parts, in the opinion of many,
is the feries of Roman emperors, from
Julius Cefar to Gallienus, which is
zlmoft complete. The celebrated Venus
of Medici, the ftandard of tafte in female
beauty and proportion, is in a room called
the Tribunal it is of white marble,
and afcribed to Cleomenes, an Athenian,
the fon of Apollodorus. It is fwrrounded
by other matterpieces of {culpture, faid
to be the works of Praxiteles, and other
Greek mafters. Beiide the gallery and
tribunal, the hundredth part of whofe
treafures it is impoffible to particularize
here, there are other rooms, whofe con-
tents are indicated by the names they
bear; a$ the cabinet of arts, of aftro-
FLO
nomy, of natural hiftory, of medals, of
peeeelaity of antiquities, &c. The gal»
ery of portraits contains the portraits,
all executed by themfelves, of the mo
eminent painters who have flourifhed in
Europe during the three laft centuries:
they amount to above 200. It is in vain
to attempt a defcription of the churches
and other public buildings. But the
chapel of Lorenzo muft not be omitted:
it is, perhaps, the fineft and moft ex
five habitation that ever was rare ie
the dead; being incrufted with precious
ftones, and adorned by the workmanfhip
of the beft modern {culptors. Florence
is a place of fome ftrength, 45 miles $
of Bologna, and 125 Nw of Rome.
Lon. 11 15 E, lat. 43 46 N.
FLORENT, St. a town of France, in
the department of Maine and Loire and
late province of Anjou, with a late rich
Benedigtine abbey. It is feated on the
Loire, 20 miles wsw of Angers. Lon.
© 56 W, lat. 47 24. N.
FLORENTIN, ST. a town of France,
in the department of Youne and late pro.
vince of Burgundy, at the confluence of
the Armance and Armangon, 15 miles
NE of Auxerre, and 80 se of Paris.
Lon. 3 55 £, lat. 48 1 N.
FLORENTINO, one of the three pro-
vinces of Tufcany; bounded on the w
by the republic of Lucca and the Mo-
denefe, on the N by the Appennines,
on the E by the duchy of Urbino, and
on the s by the Siennele. It is a well-
watered province, and very fertile, Flog.
rence is the capital. .
Fores, a fertile ifland, one of the
Azores, fo called from the abundance of
flowers found upon it. Lon. 31 0 W,
Jat. 39 34.N.
FLoripa, a country of N America,
600 miles long, and 130 broad ;bounded
on the N by Georgia, on the E by the
Atlantic Ocean, on the s by the gulf of
Mexico, and on the w by Miffiffippi.
It is divided into E and w Florida: ge
Auguftine the capital of the former, and
Penfacola of the latter. The country
about St. Auguftine is the moft unfruit-
ful; yet, even here, two crops of Indian
corn are annually produced: the banks
of the rivers are of a fuperior quality,
and well adapted to the culture of rice
and corn. The interior country, which
is hilly, abounds with wood of almoft
every kind; particularly white and red
oak, pine, hiccory, cyprefs, red and white
cedar: the intervals between the hilly
parts, produce fpontaneoufly the fruits
common to eee Se the Carolinas g
ee
FOG
and the whole country is valuable, in a
‘ticular manner, for the extenfive ranges
rcattie. Florida was difcovered by
Sebaftian Cabot in 1497. Having often
ehanged matters, belonging alteraately
to the French and Spaniards, it was
ceded by the latter to the Englith in
1763; in whofe hands it continued till
2781, when it was taken by the Spani-
ards, and ceded'to them in 1783.
Fiorz, a town of Walachia, {cated
on the Geniffa, near its influx into the
Danube.
Fitour, St. an epifcopal town of
France, in the department of Cantal aud
late province of Auvergne. Good knives
are made here, and its fairs are famous
for the fale of mules and rye. It is feated
on a mountain, 45 miles s of Clermont
and 250 of Paris. Lon. 3 g1 E, lat.
452N.
FLUSHING, a ftrong and confiderable
feaport of Dutch Zealand, in the ifland
of Walcheren, with a good harbour, and
a great foreign trade. It was put into
the hands of queen Elifabeth as a fccu-
rity for the money fhe advanced. It
furrendered to the French in January
1795, and is four miles sw of Middleburg.
Lon. 3 35 E> lat. 51 29 N.
FocHABERS, a town in Banffhhire,
feated in a plain, near the river Spey.
Here is Gordon Cattle, the pritvely
manfion of the duke of Gordon, ‘now
greatly modernized; and in the town,
many girls are employed in fpinning, and
gn the manufacture of fewing thread, un-
der the patronage of the duchefs. It is
48 miles Nw of Aberdeen.
Fo-cHaNn, a village of China, in the
province of Quang-tong. It is called a
village becaufe it has no walls nor a pre-
fiding governor, although it has a great
trede, and contains more houfes and in-
habitants than Canton. It is reckoned
to be nine miles in circumference, and
to contain 1,000,000 of inhabitants. It
is 12 miles from Canton.
Focura Nova, a town of Natolia, on
the gulf of Sanderly, with a good har-
bour, and a caftle. The Venetians beat
the Turkith fleet, near this place, in 1650,
Foncia, a town of Naples, in Capi-
tanata, feated near the Cerbero, 10 miles
& of Manfredonia.
Fopwar, a town of Hungary, feated
on the Danube, oppofite Colocza. Lon.
19 36 £, lat. 46 39 N.
Focaras, a town and caftle of Tran-.
fylvania, on the river Alauta, 30 miles
we of Hermanftadt. Lon. 25 25 8, lat.
44 30 Ne
FOL
Foca, a river of Italy, which rifes
on the confines of Tuicany, crofles the
duchy of Urbino, and falls into the gulf
of Venice, at Pefaro.
Foco. See Fueco.
Fora, an ancient town of Natolia, on
the gulf of Smyrna, with a good har-
bour; and a ftrong caftle, 30 miles Nn of
Smyrna.
01x, a town of France, in the de-
perenne of Arriege and late county of
‘oix, Here is - manufacture of coarfe
woollen cloths, and fome copper-mills,
which metal is a confiderable object of
commerce. It is feated on the Arriege,
at the foot of the Pyrenees, eight miles 5
of Pamiers. Lon. 1 32 £, lat. 43.0 N.
FO-K1EN, a province of China, bounded
on the N by, Tche-kiange, on the w by
Kiang-fi, on the s by Quang-tong, and
on the £ by the Chinete Sea. Its climate
is warm; and yet the air is fo pure, that
No contagious difeafes ever prevail here.
It produces mufk in abundance, precious
ftones, quickfilver, iron, and tin: there
are alfo mines of gold and filver; but
they are forbidden to be opened, under
ain of death. It has fine plains; but
induftry fertilizes even the mountains,
the greater part of which are difpofed
in the form of amphitheatres, and cut
into terraces, rifing above each other,
Its vallies are watered by f{prings and
rivers which fall from the mountains,
and which the hufbandman knows how
to diftribute, with great ikill, to refreth
his rice: -he has even the art t raile his
water to the tops of. the mountains, and
of conveying it from one fide to another,
by pipes made of bamboo. ‘The people
ie a different janguage in moft of
the cities, each of which has its parti-
cular dialect. The language of the
mandarins is that which is {pokemevery
where; but few underftand it in this
Province: however, it produces a great
number of literati. It contains nine
cities of the firft, and 60 of the third
clafs. ;
FOLIGNI, an epifcopal and trading
town of Italy, in the duchy of Umbria;
remarkable for its fweetmeats, paper-
mills, filk manufaétures, and fairs. > It
is feated on the declivity of a mountain,
near a fertile plain, 69 miles N of Rome.
Lon. 12 24. £, lat. 42 43 N. :
FOLKSTONE, a town in Kent, witha -
market on Thurfday. It was once a
flourifhing place, containing five churches,
which are now reduced to one, and the
‘inhabitants are chiefly employed in fifhing.
It is a member of the port of Dover,
3
FON
gy ned by a mayor, and is feated on
-Aglith Channel, eight miles sw of
Dover, and 72 B by 8 of London. Lon.
114 £. lat. 51 5 N.
Fonp1, an epifcopal town of Naples,
in Terra di Lavora. It is feated on a
fertile plain, but in a bad air, near a
Jake of its own name, 42 miles Nw of
Capua, and 50 sg of Rome. Lon. 13
24 B, lat. 41 22 N.
FONG-TSIANG-FOU, a city of China,
in the province of Chen-fi. Ite diftri&
contains eight cities of the fecond and
third clafs. It is 495 miles sw of Pekin.
FONG-YANG-FOU, a city of China,
in the province of Miang-nan, {eated
on a mountain, which hangs over the
Yellow River. It inclotes within its
walls feveral fertile little hills; and its
juriidigtion comprehends five cities of the
fecond and 13 ofthe third clafs. It is
70 miles Nz of Nen-king.
FONTAINBLEAUV, a town of France,
in the department of Seine and Marne
and late province of the Ifle of France,
remarkable for its fine palace, a huntin
feat of the late kings of France. It
was firft embellifhed by Francis 1, and
each fucceifive king added fomething to
it; infomuch that it was one of the fineft
leafure-houfes in the world. It ftands
in the midft of a foreft, 35 miles se of
Paris. Lon. 2°47 £, lat. 48 25 N.
FONTAINE-L’EVEQUE, a town of
France, in the department of the North
and late province of Hainault, near the
river Sambre, three miles w of Char-
leroy. Lon. 418 £, lat.-50 23 N.
FONTARABIA, a feaport of Spain, in
Bilcay, feated on a peniniula in the bay
of Bifcay, and on the river Bidafloa.
It is well fortified both by nature and
art; has a good harbour, though dry at
low water; and is furrounded on the
land fide by the Pyrenean mountains.
It is a very important place, being ac-
counted the key of Spain on that fide;
but it was taken by the French, in 1794.
It is 22 miles sw of Bayonne, and 62 £
of Bilboa. Lon. 1 33 w, lat. 43 23 N-
Tonrenal, a village of France, in
the department of Yonne and late pro-
vince of Burgundy, remarkable ior a
battle fought, in 841, between the em-
peror Lothario and ‘his brothers Charles
and Lewis, in which the latter were
victorious, and in which 100,00c men
are faid to have fallen. It is 20 miles
SE of Auxerre. Lon. 3 48 x, lat. 47 28_N.
FONTENAI-LE-COMTE, a town of
France, in the. department of Vendee,
and late, province of Poitou. It has a
FOR
woollen manufaéture, and its fair is
famous for cattle, particularly for mules,
on which laft account it is reiorted to by
the Spaniards. It is feated on the
Vendee, near the bay of Biftay, 25
miles NE of Rochelle. Lon. o 55 w,
lat. 46 30.N.
FonTenoy, a village of Auftrian
Hainault, remarkable for a battle between’
the allies and the French in 1745, in
which the former were worfted. It is
four miles sw of Tournay.
FONTEVRAULT, a town of France, in
the department of Maine and Loire and
late province of Anjou. Here was a fa-
mous abbey, founded by Robert d’ Arbrif-
fel, in t100. It was the chief of a re-
ligious order, which, by a fingular whim
of the founder, confifted of both fexes,
and the general of which was a woman.
Queen Bertrade, fo famous in hiftory,
was among the firft nuns that entered
this abbey. It is nine miles se of
Saumur, and 160 sw of Paris. Lon, o
o lat. 47 9 N.
FORCALQUIER, an ancient town: of
France, in the department of the Lower
Alps and late province of Provence,
feated on a hill, by the river Laye,'20
miles Ne of Aix. Lon. 5 48 £, fat. 43 -
58 N.
FORCHAIN, a ftrong town of Fran-
conia,. in the bifhopric of Bamberg, with
a fine arfenal. ft furrendered to the
French in Auguft 1796, but the Auftrians
compelled them to abandon it {oon after-
wards It is feated on the Rednitz, 18
miles s by E of Bamberg. Lon. 11 12
E, lat. 49 44.N.
FORDINGBRIDGE, a town in Hamp-
fhire, with a market on Saturday, feated
on the Avon, 20 miles wsw of Win-
chefter, and 87 w by s of London. Lon.
149 W, lat. 50 56 N.
ForpwicH, a member of the port of
Sandwich, in Kent, feated on the river
Stour, and governed by a mayor. It is
noted for excellent trouts, and is-three
miles NE of Canterbury, and eight w of
Sandwich.
FORELAND, NORTH, a promontory,
which is the NE point of the Ifle of
Thanet, in Kent. It is alfo the mioft
fouthern part of the port of London,
which is thence extended N, in a right
line, to the point, called: the Nate, in
Effex, and torms the mouth of the
Thames. Here is: a round brick tower,
near 80 feet high, erected by the Trinity
Houle, for a feamark- f
FORELAND, SOUTH, a _ headland,
forming. the & point of th: .cowitices
Os.
a
3
b}
{
!
FE: @ R.
Kent. ‘Iris culled. South, ii refpe& to
its bearing from ‘the other Foreland,’
which is fix miles to the N.. Between
tlefe two capes} is the noted road, cailed
the Downs, to which they are a great !*-
curity [ .
Forest-Towns, four towns of Sua-
bia, lying along: the Rhine, and the con-
fines of Swiflerland, .at the entrance of
the .Black Foreft. ‘Their names are
Waldichut, Lauffei.burg, Seckingen, and
Rheinfelder ; and they are fubject to the
houfe of Auttria.
ForezZ, a province of France, bounded
on the w by Auvergne, on the s by
Velay and the Vivarais, on the x by the
Lyonois, and on the N by Burgundy and
the Bourbomois. It is watered by the
Loire, and feveral other ftreams, and has
feveral mines of coal and iron. It now
forms, with the Lyonois, the department
of Rhone and Loire. ;
ForFar, the county-town of Angus-
fhire... It. contains. many weat modern
houfes, and is fituate in. an exteifive
plain, 14 miles w. of Montroie. Lon.
2 54 Wy lar. §6 35 N.
FORFARSHIRE. See ANCUSSHIRE.
ForGEs, a:town of France, in the
department of Lower Seine, and ‘Jate
rovince of Normandy, remarkab!' for
its mineral waters. It°is 60 miles Nw
of Paris. Lon..o 40.£,. lat. 49 38 N.
For i, a". ancient town of Romagna,
capital of a territory of the fame name,
with a bilhop’s fee. The public ttruc-
tures are very handfome, and it is feared
ina fertile and healthy country, 10 miles
£ of Fazena, and 40_Ne of Fiorence.
Lon.'11 44. 5; lat. 44 76 N.
Formosa, an ifland in the Chincté
Sea, go miles E of Canton, lying between
319 and.122° E lon. and 22 and 25° N lat.
Tt is fubieét to the Chinefe, who, not-
withftanding its proximity, did not know
of its exiltence till the year1430. it is
255 vailes long and 75 broad; and a
chain of mountains, running its whole
length, divides it into two parts, the E
and w. The Dutch built the fort of
Zealand, in the w part, in 1634. They
were driven thence, in 1661, by a
Chinefe pirate, who made himfelf matter of
allthe w part. But, in 1682, the whole
ifland fubmitted to the emperor of China.
It contains extenfve and tertile plains,
watered by a great number of rivulets
that fall from the mountains. Its air is
pure and wholelome; and it produces
abundance of corn and rice, moft of the
Indian fruits, many of thole of Europe,
‘tobacco, fugar, pepper, -camphire, and
3
FOT
cisnamon. Wholefome water is the
only thing wanting in Formola; and it
is very extrrordinary, that every kind of
water in it is poiloncus to ftrangers. .
The inhabitants rear a great number ot
oxen, which they ufe for riding, from
a want of hories. They accuftem them
early to this kind of fervice, and, y
daily exercife, train them to go as well
as the beft horfes. Thefe oxen are fur-
nifhed with + bridle, faddle, and crupper.
A Chinefe looks as proud, when mounted
in this manner, as if he were carried by
the fineft Barbary courfer. On the 22d
of May 1782, this fine ifland was over-
whelmed, and almoft totally de(troyed,
by a furious hurricane and dreadful inun-
dation of th: fea, fuppofed to have heen
occalioned by an earthquake. Tai-ouang
is tiecapital.
ForRES;.a town in Murrayhhire, feated
on an eminence, clofe to a rivulet, two
miles to the £ of the river Findhorn. A
little to the NE, near the road, is a re-
markable column, called Kin,: Seven’s
or Sweno’s Stone, above 20 feet high,
and three broau, covered on both fies by
antique {culpture, and faid to have been
ercéted in’ memory of a viétory obtained
aver the Danes, in 1008. Forres manu-
factures fome linen and iewit.,. “hread, and
is 15 miles w of Elgin.
FORTEVENTURA, one of the Canary
Iflands, 65 milics in length, and of a ver-"
irregular breadth, confitting of two pe-
nin‘uias joined by an ifthmus 12 miles
in breadth. It produces plenty of w'eat,
baitey, beeves, and goats. Lon. 14 26
W, lat. 28 4 .N.
forrHy, a fine river of Scotland, which
rites in Perthfhire. Between Stirling
and Alloa, it winds in a beautiful man-
ner; and after a courle of near 40 miles,
it meets the German Ocean a /ittle below
Alloa, where it forms the noble eftuary,
called the frith of rorth. There is a
communication between this river and the
Clyde, bya canal. SeeCaNnaL, GREAT.
FortTROsE, a borough in Roisthire,
fituate on the frith of Murray, nearly
a Fort George, aud nine miles w
of Inverneis.
FossaNno, a ftrong town of Piedmont,
with a bifhop’s fee, teated on the Sture,
ro miles NE of Coni, and 27 SE of
Pignerol. Lon. 7 56 £, lat. 44 45 N.
FossoMBRONE, a town of Italy, in
the duchy of Urbino, with’a vege he
fee ; feated near the river Metro, 16 miles
sw of Pefaro, and 32 se of Urbino.
Lon. 12 48 £, lat. 43 40 N.
FOTHERSNGAY, a town in Northamp-
FOX
tonfhire, nine miles s of Stamford, near
the river Nen. It is noted for the ruins
ot the caftle, in which Mary, queen of
Scotland, was beheaded.
Fove, an ancient town of Lower
Egypt, feated on the Nile, 25 miles s of
Rofetto, and 40 E of Alexandria. Lon.
3115 E, lat. 31 12 N.
FOuGERES, a town of France, in the
department of Maine and Loire and late
province of Bretagne, with an ancient
caftle. It is feated on the Coefnom, 25
miles NE of Rennes, and 150 w of Paris.
Lon. 1 13 W. lat. 48 22 N.
FouLsuam, a town‘in Norfolk, with
a market on Tuefday, 16 miles Nw of
Norwich, and 111 NE of London. Lon.
17 E, lat. 52 51 N.
Four Cantons, LAKE OF THE. See
WaALDSTATTER SEE.
FourneaAux Iszanp, a finall ifland
in the S Pacific Ocean. Lon. 143 2 w,
lat. 17 11S.
FOU-TCHEOU-FOU, a city of China,
in Fo-kien; one of the moft confider-
able in that province, on account of
its trade, the convenience of its rivers
and port, the number of its literati, and
the magnificence of its principal bridge,
which has more than roo arches cor.-
ftructed of white ftone, and ornamented
with a double baluftrade. It is the re-
fidence of a viceroy, has under its jurif-
diction nine cities of the third clafs, and
is 360 miles NE of Canton.
Fowey, a borough and feaport in
Cornwall, with a market on Saturday,
and a confiderable fhare in the pilchard
filhery. It fends two members to parlia-
ment, and is governed by a mayor. It is
feated at the mouth of the Fowey, 32
miles sw of Launcetton, and 240 W by s
of London. Lon. 4 45 w, lat. 50 19 N.
Fowey, a river in Cornwall, which
rifes in the NE part, pafles by Leftwithiel,
and enters the Englith Channel, at Fowey.
Fox IsLanps, a group of iflands in
the Northern Aichipelago. They are
16 in number, and are fituate. between
the coaft of Kamtfchatka and the w
coaft of America,’ between 52 and 55° N
lat, Each iiland has a peculiar name;
but this general name is given to the
whole group, on account of the grea:
number of black, gray, and red foxes
with which they abound. The drefs of
the inhabitants confifts of a cap, and a
fur coat tht reachés down to the knees:
fome wes: a common cap of « party-
coloured bird fkin, upon which is left
art of the wings and tail. On the
orepart of their hunting and fihing
FOX
caps, they place a fmall board, like a
fkreen, adorned with the jawbones of
feabears, and ornamented with gla{s
beads, which they receive in barter
from the Rulfians. They feed upon the
flefh of all forts of fea animals, and ge-
nerally eat it raw: but when they drefs
their food, it is placed in a hollow ftone,
which they cover with another, and clo‘e
the interftices with lime or clay ; they then
lay it horizontally on two ttones, and
light a fire under it. The provifion in-
tended for keeping, is dried without falt
in the open air. Their weapons are
bows, arrows, and darts; and, for de-
fence, they ufe wooden fhields. The
moft rerfeg& equality reigns among them:
they have neither chiets nor fuperiors,
neither laws nor punifhments. They
live together in families, and focieties
of feveral families united, which form
what they call, a race, who, in cafe of at-
tack or defence, mutually aid each other.
The inhabitants of the fame ifland always
pretend to be of the fame race; and each
one looks upon his ifland as a poffetfion,
the property of which is common to all in-
dividuals of the fame fociety. Feafts are
very common among them, and, more
particularly, when the inhabitants of one
ifland are vifited by thofe of another. The
men of the village meet their guelts, beat-
ing drums, and preceded yi the women,
who fing and dance: at the conclufion
of the dance, the hofts ferve up their beft
provifions, and invite their guefts to par-
take of the feaft, They teed their chil-
dren, when very young, with the coarfeft
flefh, and for the moft part raw. If an
infant cries, the mother immediately car-
ries it to the feafide, and whether it be
fummer or winter, holds it naked in the
water till it is quiet. This is fo far from
doing the children any harm, that it
hardens them againt the cold; and they
accordingly go barefooted through the
winter, without the leaft inconvenience.
They feldom heat their dwellings; but
when they would warm themfelves, the
ight a bundle of hay, and ftand over it;
or they fet fire to trainoil, which they
pour into a hollow ftone. They have a
good fhare of plain natural fenfe, but are
rather flow of underftanding. T
feem cold -nd indifferent in moft of their
actions; L if an injury, or even a mere
fufpicion, roufe them from this phlegmatie
ftate, they become furious and inflex.
ible, taking the moft violent revenge,
without any regard to the confequences.
The leaft affli€tion prompts them to fui-
cide; the apprehenfion of even an uicer-
oe ee :
a
acca aig tciaaaisia
=e
FRA
tain event often leads them to defpair;
and they put an end to their days with
Breat apparent infenfibility, The Ruf-
Jans call thefe iflands the LyMie Oftrova.
FRAGA, a town of Spain, in Arragon,
with a caftle. It is ftrong by fituation,
having the river Cinca, before it, whofe
high banks are difficult of accefs, and at
its back a hill, which cannot eafily be
approached with large cannon, The gar-
dens produce herbs and {faffron, but the
parts about it are mountainous and bar-
ren. Alphonfo vu, king of Arragon,
was killed here by the Moors, in 1134,
when he befieged this town. It is 46
miles £ of Saragoffa. Lon. o 28 £, lat.
41 46N.
FRAMLINGHAM, a town. in Suffolk,
with a market on Saturday. It is feated
near the head of a rivulet, and has the re-
mains of a caftle, faid to have been built
in the time of the Saxon heptarchy. ‘To
this caftle the princefs Mary (afterward
Mary 1) retired, when lady Jane Grey.
was proclaimed queen, and here fhe found
that powerful fupport of the people of
Suffolk, which fo foon feated her on the
throne. Here is a ftately church, in
which are the monuments of fome noble
families. It is 30 miles & of Bury, and 87
NE of London. Lon. 1 26 £, lat. 52 25 N.
FRAMPTON, a town in Dorfethhire,
With a market on Thurfday, feated on
the Frome, 12 miles,Nw of Weymouth,
and 126 w by s of London. Lon. 2
50 Ww, lat. 50 45 N.
FRANCE, acountry of Europe, bound-
ed on the N by the Engtifh Channel and
the Auftrian Netherlands; on the E by
Germany, and the Alps, which {eparate
it from Swiflerland, Savoy, and Piedmont ;
on the s by the Mediterranean Sea and
Spain, from which kingdom it is divided
by the Pyrenees ; and on the w by the
Atlantic Ocean. From the Pyrenees in
the s, to Dunkirk in the N, its extent is
625 miles; and fomething more from
the moft eafterly part of Alface to the
moft weftern point of Bretagne; which
province, it muft be obferved, extends
above 100 miles further into the ocean
than any other part of the country. The
climate: is temperate; the air pure and
wholefome ; and the foil productive of
all the neceffaries of life, and, among its
luxuries, of the moft excellent wines.
The principal rivers are the Seine, Loire,
Rhone, and Gironde, with many others,
that give name to the new geographical
divifion of this country into departments.
The moft confiderabie mountains, befide
the Alps and Pyrenees, are thofe of the
FRA
Cevennes and Auvergne. France was
lately an abfolute monarchy, and divided
into feveral military governments, or pro-
vinces. Thefe were hifi, Angoum is,
Anjou, Armagnac, Artois; Aunis, Au-
vergne, Barrois, Bafques, Bearnt, Berry,
Bigorre, Blafois, Boulonnois, Bourbon.
nois, Breffe, Bretagne, Burgundy, Cam-
brefis, Champagne, Couferans, Dauphi-
ny, Forez, Foix, Franche Comté, French
Flanders, Gafcony, Gevaudan, Guienne,
French Hainault, Tile of France, Lan-
Eucdoc, Limofin, Lorrain, Lyonois,
arche, Maine, Marfan, Navarre, Niver-
nois, Normandy, Orleanois, Perche, Pe-
rigord, Picardy, Poitou, Provence, Quer-
ci, Rouergue, Roufillon, Saintonge, Soif-
fonnois, ‘Touraine, Velay, and Verman-
dois. Thefe varied much from each other
in point of extent and importance, and
there were others of {till inferior confi-
deration. The eftablifhed religion was
the Roman catholic ; and the ecclefia{-
tical divifion of the country was into 18
archbifhoprics and 113 epifcopal fees, ex-
clufive of Avignon, Carpentras, Caivail-
lon, and Vaifon, which belonged to the
pope. But, in 1789, a very wonderful
revolution took place. The deranged
ftate of the finances of the country, occa-
fioned, in a confiderable degree, by the
American war, had induced Lewis xvito
convoke, firft an affembly of the notables,
or principal men in the kingdom, and
next (on the ineffeétual refult of their de-
libezations) the ftates general, which had
not been affembled fince 1614. They
confilted of three orders, the nobility, the
elergy, and the third eftate, or commons,
The laft were double the number of the
other two orders when united; and when
the ftates affembled, onthe 5th of May,
at Verfailles, a conteit arofe, whether the
three orders fhould make three diftinét
houfes, or but one aflembly. The third
eftate infifted upon che latter, and, affum-
ing the title of the National Affembly,
declared, that they were competent to pro-
ceed to bufinels, without the concurrence
of the two other orders, if they refufed to
join them. The nobility and clergy found
it expedient to concede the point, and
they all met in one hall. In the mean
time, Paris was encircled by 50,000 men,
with the apparent view of coercing that
city, if neceffary, . Notwithftanding this,
oa the removal of the popular minifter,
M. Neckar, in July, a dreadful infurrec-
tion enfued, on the 14th of that month,
in Paris; the military refufed to fire upon
the people; the Baftile was taken by the
citizens ; and the governor, and foie
yo ,
FRA
others, were beheaded, and their heads
carried about on poles. On the 17th,
the king vifited the Hotel de Ville in
Paris, and furrendered himfelf to his peo-
ple. The national aflembly now pro-
ceeded to the moft extraordinary mea-
fures. They abolifhed nobility and the
whole feudal fyftem; confilcated: the poi-
feffions of the clergy ; rendered them de-
pendent on a public allowance, like the
fervants of the ftates and {tppreffed all
the religious houfes. ‘The monarchy it-
felf, divefted of its formidable preroga-
tives, became one of the moft limited in
Europe. In Oétober, in confequence of
a dreadful riot at Verfailles, the king, the
royal family, and the national aflembly,
removed to Paris. The king was now,
in fag, a ftate-prifoner, treated with the
formalities appendant to royalty, but
watched in all his motions. From this
fituation, he attempted to efcape, in June
1791, With the queen, his filter, the dau-
phin, and his daughter; but they were
arrefted at Varennes, and conducted back
to Paris. Such, however, was then the
moderation of the popular party, that the
national affembly admitted the king’s apo-
logetical explanation of his conduét, and
even declared his perfon inviolable. This
was one of the articles of the new contti-.
tution, which they completed {oon after,
and which was accepted by the king in
September, when a new national affembly
was elected. Harmony did not long pre-
vail between this affembly and the king.
Some of their decrees he refufed to fanc-
tion; and many of their meafures could
not fail to give umbrage to a once pow-
erful monarch. In April 1792, the king,
by. the advice of his minifters, went to
the national aflembly, and propofed to
them to declare war againft the king of
Hungary and Bohemia. War was ac-
cordingly declared; but the unfortunate
Lewis was fulpected of agting in concert
with the enemy, and with the emigrant
princes, who were in arms againft their
country. In Auguit, the mayor of Pa-
ris appeared before the national affem-
bly, and demanded the depofition. of
the king. Before they could deliberate
on this demand, a dreadful infurreStion
enfued ; the Tuileries (the royal refi-
dence) was attacked; the Swils guards
-were maffacred ; and the king and royal
family took refuge in the national affem-
bly. That body inftantly decreed the
fufpenfion of royalty, and the convoca-
tion of a national convention. The king
and his family were conveyed to a houie,
galled the Temple, and there kept in cloie
FRA
confinement. ~The convention met on
the 21ft of September, and inftantly de-
creed the formation of a republic. In
December, they decreed, that the king
fhould be tried before them. The trial
accordingly took place; and this tribunal
(notwithitanding the conftitution had de-
clared his perfon inviolable) condemned
the unfortunate monarch, who was be-
headed, in the Place de la Revolution,
lately the Place de Louis xv, on the 21ft
of January 1793. All Europe exclaimed
againft the injuftice and cruelty of this
‘proceeding. Powers, hitherto neutral,
were eager to take part in the war; and
the new repaublic, in addition to the arms
of Auftria, Pruffia, Sardinia, and the em-
pire, had to encounter the combination
of Great Britain, Spain, and the United
Provinces. The queen did not long iur-
vive her confort: being tried and con-
demned by the revolutionary tribunal,
fhe was executed in the fame place, on
the 16th of Q&tober. Her iate was a
prelude to that of the princeis Elifabeth,
the king’s fifter, who was alio beheaded
in the tame place, on the 10th of Ma
1794 The dauphin and his fifter re-
mained. in confinement; where the for-
mer became dijeafed with {wellings, which
brought on a fever, and he died on the 8th
of June 1795: the princes was taken the
December following to a place, near Bafil,
on the confines of Germany, where fhe
was exchanged for fome French deputies,
who had been jome time priteners to the
emperor: and fhe arrived at Vienna on
the 9t January 1796. Referring to
proiefled bittories of the revolution, for
a more copious nar ation, it may futtie
to obferve here, tha’ various ta¢tions fue.
ceffively feized the helm of government,
and, in their turn, were overthrown; the
priions were crowded in every part
the republic; the icaffolds ftre:med, al.
moft inceflantly, with blood; ond many
of the moit popular patriots, and of thoie,
moreover, who had voted for the death of
the king, perifhed on the {caffold, oy in
exile and mifery ; while infurreé ions,
profcriptions, and maiflacres, | ie, in
a manner, only common ocemrences. By
the conclufion, however, of the year 1794,
this reign of defpotiim and terror gave
place to a more moderate fyftem: and al-
though, at one period, the fhutting up of
the churches, the indecent {pectacle of
priefts appearing in the convention to re.
fign their tunétions and renounce their re.
ligion, and the formation of a new ca-
Jendar (by which the year was divided
into decades inftead of weeks) indicated
oe
iia Arne nti
TOT,
TSS es
pn on
ee Ce
Oe NE aig A. NE Norge Sept be td
Re At eens
FRA
epen hoftility to the Chriftian religion ;
the convention found it neceflary, at lait,
to conform fo far to the prejudices of the
eople, as to declare publicly their ac-
E ncwitdgmelt of a Supreme Being, and of
the immortality of the foul, and to per-
mit again tue exercife of religious wor-
fhip ; abolifhing, however, all clerical
diftinétions, and. leaving the whole main-
tenance of the minifters of religion to the
benevolence of the people. With refpect
to the war, it may be fufficient to {tate,
in general, that after four campaigns, in
which great reveries of fortune were ex-
perienced, the French nation diiplayed
againit the combined powers fuch won-
derful energy and refources, that, before
the cohen of 1795, they were in the
entire poffeifion of Savoy, and of the
Auftrian and Dutch Netherlands ; and
had made fuch alarming progres in Hol-
land, Spain, Italy, and Germany, as to
procure a peace with Pruflia and Spain,
and form an alliance with the United
Provinces. Their commerce, however,
was ruined ; their finances were fup-
ported by a vaft emiffion of compulfive
paper currency, and by plunder and con-
{cation ; their armies, which fought with
the ardour of enthufiafm, were recruited
by defpotic requifitions ; and they had
loft Corfica, and their principal Weft In-
dia iflands. The campaign of 1796, re-
mains in fufpence: but they made a peace
with Sardinia-in June; and by Auguft
had fubdued almoft all Lombardy, and
overrun Suabia and Franconia; but in
September they had a reverie of fortune
in Germany, and were compelled to re-
linquifh nearly all they had acquired.
Whether the French republic will be per-
manent, or the ancient order of things re-
{tored, is a quettion toreign to this work ;
but the prefent geographical {tate of the
country muft be noticed, whether that
ftate be permanent or not. France, then,
by the firft legiflative affembly, was divi-
ded into 83 departments, nearly equai in
extent, inftead of the ancient military
provinces ; and thefe departments were
fubdivided into diftris, cantons, and
municipalities. The names of the de-
ale are Ain, Ailne, Allier, Alps
pper, Alps Lower, Ardeche, Ardennes,
Arriege, Aube, Aude, Aveiron, Calva-
dos, Pantel, Charente, Charente Lower,
Cher, Correze, Corfica, Cote d’Or, Cotes
du Nord, Creufe, Dordogne, Doubs,
Drome,Eure, Eure and Loire, Finifterre,
Gard, Garonne Upper, Gers, Gironde,
Herault, Indre, Indve and Loire, Ifere,
Ifle and Vilaine, Jura, Landes, Loir and
FRA
Cher, Loire Upper, Loire Lower, Loiret,
Lot, Lot and ravoitiies Lozere, Maine,
Maineand Loire, Manche, Marne, Maine
O Rpts Meurthe, Meufe, Morbihan, Mo-
felle, Nord, Nievre, Oife, Orne, Paris,
Pas de Calais, Puy de Dome, Pyrenees
4 ae Pyrenees Lower, Pyrenees Eaftern,
Rhine Upper, Rhine Lower ; Rhone,
Bouches du; Rhone and Loire, Saone
Upper, Saone and Loire, Sarte, Seine and
Oife, Seine Lower, Seine and Marne ;
Sevres, les deux ; Somme, Tarn, Var,
Vendée, Vienne, Vienne Upper, Volges,
and Yonne. Each of thefe departments
has an archiepifcopal or epifeopal town ;
there being now only ten archbifhoprics,
or metropolitan diveles, and 73 bifhop’s
fees. Some of thefe fees are of new cre-
ation, as Colmar, Vefoul, Laval, Cha-
teauroux, Cuéret, and St. Maixent. The
departments all appear, in this work, under
their refpeftive names; and the accounts
cf the late provinces are ftill retained.
The population of France is eftimated
at 25,000,000. Paris is the metropolis.
FRANCE, IsLE oP, a late province of
France, fo called, becaufe it was formerly
bounded by the rivers Seine, Marne,
Oife, Aifne, and Ourque. It now in-
cludes the four departments of Oife, Seine
and Oiie. Seine and Marne, and Paris.
FRANCE, ISLE OF, or MAURITIUS,
an ifland in the Indian Ocean, 400 miles
E of Madagatcar. It was difcovered by
the Portuguefe; but the firft who fettled
here were the Dutch, in 1598. They
called it Mauritius, in honour of prince
Maurice, their ftadtholder ; but, on their
acquifition of the Cape of Good Hope,
they deferted it; and it continued unfet-
tled till the French landed here, in 1720,
and gave it the name of one of the fineft
provinces in France. It is 150 miles in
circumterence. The climate is healthy ;
but the foil not very fertile. There are
many mountains, fome of which are fo
high, that their tops are covered with
{now : they produce the beft ebony in
the world. ‘I‘he vallies are well watered
with rivers, and are made very produc-
tive by cultivation, of which indigo is
the principal object. The town and har-
bour are called Port Louis, and are {trongly
fortified ; but, in the hurricane months,
the harbour cannot afford fhelter for more
than eight veffels, Here are large ftore-
houfes and every thing neceflary for the
equipment of fleets. ‘The number of
inhabitants on the ifland, exclufive of the
military, is 8000 whites, and 12,000
blacks. Lon. 57 28 &£, lat. 20 9 5.
FRANCKFORT ON THE Maine. an
onet,
Maine,
ane
Mo.
Paris,
enees
ftern,
hone,
aone
e-and
Arne ;
Var,
bipes,
ents
own 4
prics,
1op’s
cre-
Cha-
The
nder
punts
ined.
mated
polis.
ce of
erly
arne,
in-
Seine
Ss.
IUS,
miles
d by
ttled
rhey
rince
their
lope,
niet-
7205
finett
Ss in
thy 5
- are
e fo
with
y in
ered
Luc-
oO is
har-
igly
ths,
10re
ore=
the
of
the
200
an
FRA
ancient and free imperial city af Ger-
many, in the circle of Franconia. The
chief ftru€ture is the townhoule, in which
is preferved the golden bull, the origin of
the fundamental laws of the empire; and
here is the chamber in which the emperor
is elected. All religions ave tolerated at
Franctort, under certain reftritions ; but
Lutheranifin is the eftabliflred faith. The
rincipal church is in the poffeifion of the
Bona catholics; but no public procet-
fion through the itreets is permitted. In
this church is a chapel, to which the em-
peror is conduéted immediately after his
election, in order to be crowned by the
eleStor of Mentz. The Jews have a ly-
nagogue in this city; but the Calviniits
have never been allowed any place of
worfbip in the territory of Franctort ; and
attend divine fervice at Bockenheim, in
the county of Hanau, where they have
built a church. It is remarkable, that
in all funeral proceffions here, the crucifix
leads the way, whether the deceafed has
died a Roman catholic, a Lutheran, or a
Calvinift. The Jews are compelled to
live together in a fingle narrow ftreet,
built up at one end ;. and a large gate at
the other is regularly fhut at a certain
hour of the night, after which no Jews
dare appear in the ftrects. Francfort is
one of the moft commercial places in Eu-
rope, and has two great fairs every year.
It was taken, in October 1792, by the
French, who were difpoifefied of it by the
Pruflians in December following; and
again taken by the French in July 1796,
but they evacuated it to the Auftrians in
September following. It is feated on the
river Maine, 15 miles NE of Mentz, and
350 w by N of Vienna. Lon. 8 40 £,
lat. 49 55 N.
FRANCFORT ON THE ODER, a flou-
rifhing city of Germany, in the middle
marche of Brandenburg, formerly impe-
rial, but now fubject to the king of
Pruffia. It is remarkable for three great
fairs, and its ui‘ivertity. It is 45 miles
sé of Berlin, and 72 5 of Stetin. Lon, 14
39 Ey lat. 52 23 N.
FRANCHE CoMTE, a late province of
France, bounded on the n by, Lorrain,
on the B by Alface and $wilferland, on
the w by. Burgundy, and on the s by
Breffe. It is 125 miles in length, and 80
in breadth, and abounds in corn, wine,
cattle, horfes, mines of iron, copper, and
lead. It was conquered by Fanee in
1674, and ceded to it by the treaty of
Nimeguen in 1678. It now forms the
three departments of Doubs, Jura, and
Upper Sacne.
FRA
FRANCHEMONT, a town of Germarty,
in the bifhopric of Liege, 12 miles sg of
Liege.
FRANCIADE. See Denys, Sr.
FRaNco1s, CAPE, a town in the 8
art of the ifland of St. Domingo, be-
ongirg to the French, who often call it
the Cape, by way of eminence. It fuf-
fered much by dreadful commotions
that emfued after the French revolution.
Lon. 72 18 wy lat. 19 46,
FRaNconia, a circle of Germany,
hounded on the n by the circle of Upper
Saxony, on the E by that of Bavaria, on
the s by that of Suabia, and on the w by
the circles of the Rhine. The middle is
fertile in corn, wine and fruits, but the
borders are full of woods and barren
mountains. This country was overrun
by the French republicans in the fummer
of 1796, but in September the Auftrians
compelled them to retreat. The Franks,
who conquered France, came from this
province, and gave their name to that
kingdom.
FRANEKER, or FRANKER, a town of
the United Provinces, in Friefland, with
a caftle and univerfity. The public build-
ings and palaces are magnificent. It is
feven miles w of Lewarden. Lon. § 33 E>
lat. 53 11 N.
FRANKENDA!, a town of Germany,
in the palatinate of the Rhine. Jt was
taken by the Spaniards in 1623, by the
Swedes in 1632, burnt by the French in
1688, and taken by the allies in 1794.
It is feated near the Rhine, feven miles.
s of Worms. Lon. 8 29 2, lat. 49
25 .N. ;
FRANKENSTEIN, a town of Germany,
in the palatinate of the Rhine, 12 miles
Nw of Landau. Lon. 7 55 Ey, lat. 49
18 N.
FRANCKLIN, a county of Pennfylvania,
30 miles long and 24 broad. In 1790,
it contained 15,655 inhabitants. Cham.
berfburg is the capital.
FRAUENFELD, a town of Swifferland,
capital of the Thurgau. It is feated on
an eminence, and is the place, where,
fince 1712, the deputies of the Swifs can-
tons hold their general diet. Lon. 8 56 By
lat. 47 35 N.
FRAUSTADT, a town of Silefia, re-
markable for a battle gained by the
Swedes over the Saxons, in 1706. It is
20 miles Nw of Glogaw. Lon. 16 3 E£,
lat. 51 48 N.
FRAZERSBURCH, a feaport in Aber-
deenthire, on the German Ocean. It is
feated clofe by a promontory, called Kin-
naird’s Head, on which is a lighthoule,
eae = x a
ee ee
eee wares
Sen cee See
sa tin inscamebaniig
FRE
40 miles N of Aberdeen, Lon. 1 37 w,
lat.°57° 35 .N..
FREDENBURG, a town of Weftphalia,
gs0 miles w of Caffel. Lon. $8 16 ‘'£,
lat. 51 30 N.
FREDERICA, a town of the United
States, in St. Simon’s ifland, on the coaft
of Georgia. Lon. 80 20 W, iat. 31 6N.
FREDERICSBURG, a caftle and palace
of the king of Denmark, in the ifle of
Zealand, 15 miles NW of Copenhagen.
Lon. 12 25 £, lat. 55 52 N.
FREDERICSBURG, a town of Virginia,
fituate on the s fide of the Rappahannoc,
110 mi'és irom its mouth. It contains
about - o> houtes, principally in one ftreet,
which runs nearly parallel with the river.
It is 50 miles 5 iy w of Alexandria,
Lon. 77 20 w, lat. 38 2.N.
FREDERICSBURG, a 'Danifh fort, on
the Gold Coaft of Guinea, near Cape
Threepoints, 62 miles wsw of Cape
Coatt Caftle. Lon. 1 5 w, lat.4 30N.
FREDERICKSHALL, or FREDERIC-
STADT, a feaport of Norway, in the pro-
vince of Aggerhuys, fituate on the ex-
tremity of the Swinefund, at the mouth
of the river Tifte. It is the moft regular
fortreis in this part of Norway, con-
taining an dvfedtt anipty fupplied. ‘The
harbour is fxfe and commodious ; but the
large quantity .of faw-duft brought down
the river, from the different faw-mills,
occafions an annual expence to clear it
away. On the fummit of an almoft per-
pendicular réck, which overhangs the
town, ftands the hitherto impregnable
fortrefs of Fredericftein ; at the fiege of
which, in. 1718, Charles x11 of Sweden,
was killed by a mv“et-ball. This town
is 31 miles ‘s& of C.:.ftiania. Lon. 10
55 E, lat. 59 12 N.
FREDERICSTADT, a town of Den-
mark, in S Jutland, feated on the river
Eyder, 17 miles sw of Slefwick. Lon. g
43 E, lat. 54 30 N.
FREDERICSTEIN, a ftrong fortrefs of
Nerway. See FREDERICSHALL.
FREDERICSTOWN, a flourifhing town
of the United States, in Maryland, feated
on the Potomac, 60 miles w by N of An-
napolis. Lon. 77 30 w, lat. 39 20N.
FREHEL, a cape of France, in the de-
partment of the North Coaft and late
rovince of Bretagne, 13 miles w of St.
Talo. Lon. 2 20 w, Jat. 48 41N.
FREISINGEN, a town of Germany, ca-
pital of a bifhopric of the fame name, in
the circle of Bavaria. It was taken by
the French, September 3, 1796. It is
feated on a mountain, near the Ter, 20
FRI
miles N by E of Munich. Lon. srr sok,
lat. 48 26 .N.
Frejus, a town of France, in the
department of Var and late province of
Provence. By the Romans, it was called
Forum Julii; and had then a ae on the
Mediterranean, which is now above a mile
from it. It is the birthplace of that great
Roman generaland philofopher Agricola ;
and near it, fome fine remains of anti-
quity are ftill vifible. It is feated near
the river Argens, in a morafs, 40 miles
NE of Toulon. Lon. 6 50 £, lat. 43
26 N.
FRreEsCATI, a town of Italy, in Cam-
pagna di Roma. -It derives its ‘name
from the coolnefs of the air, and frefh
verdure of the fields around. It is a
bifhop’s fee, always poflefled by one of
the fix eldeft cardinals ; and in its neigh-
bourhood are fituate fome of the moft
magnificent villas in Italy. The ancient
city of Tufculum is fuppofed to have
ftood on the fite of Frefcati; and, at the
diftance of a mile and a half, it is gene-
rally believed, was the Tufculan villa of
Cicero, at a place now called Grotta Fer-
rara. Some Greek monks, flying from
the perfecution of the Saracens, in the
rth century, were permitted to build a
convent on the ruins of Cicero’s houfe ;
and ftill perform the fervice in the Greek
language. Frefcati, with Tivoli and Al-
bano, is the favourite abode of the land-
{cape painters who travel into Italy for
improvernent. Nothing can furpafs the
admirable affemblage of hills, meadows,
lakes, cafcades, gardens, ruins, groves,
and terraces, which charm the eye, as it
wanders among the fhades of thefe delight-
ful villages. Frefcati is feated on the de-
clivity of a hill, 12 miles se of Rome.
Lon. 11 42 £, lat. 41 48 N.
FREUDENSTADT, a ftrong ‘town of
Suabia, in the Black Foreft, built to de-
fend the paffage into this foreft. It is
12 miles se of Strafburg. Lon. 8 21 BE,
lat. 48 28 N.
FREYSTADT, a town of Hungary, in
the county of Neitra, with a ftrong caftle,
feated on the Waag, oppofite Leopold-
ftadt. Lon. 18 ro gz, lat. 48 32 N.
FREYSTADT, a town of Silefia, in the
duchy of Tefchen, 20 miles g of Trop-
paw. Lon. 18 158, lat. soo N.
Frias, a confiderable town of Spaing
in Old Caftile, feated on a mountain, near
the river Ebro, 35 miles Nw of Burgos.
Lon. 3 46 w, lat..42 52 N. ,
FRIBURG, one of the cantons of Swift
ferland, furrounded on all fides by the
t sok,
in the
ince of
called
on the
-amile
t great
‘icola ;
anti-
d near
miles
at. 43
Cam-
name
freth
is a
ne =
igh.
mle
cient
have
t the
ene-
la of
Fer-
from
FRI
‘canton of Bern. It is fertile in corn,
fruits, and paftures.
Fri: urc, a town.of Swifferland, ca-
ital of a canton of the fame name.
he public buildings, efpecially the ca-
thedral, are very handfome, and the inha-
bitants are papifts. It is governed in {pi-
rituals by the bifhop of Laufanne, who
‘refides here, and in témporals by a coun-
cil, over which an avoyer prefides, Its
fituation is very extraordinary, for only
the w fide is near plain ground, and all
the reft is built among rocks and hills.
Three miles from this town is a cele-
brated hermitage, cut in a rock, which
contains a church and fteeple, a veftry, a
kitchen, a'large hall, two rooms on each
fide, two pair of ftairs, and a cellar.
The church is 63 feet long, 36 broad,
and 22 high: but the moft wonderful
thing of all is the fteeple, which is 70
feet high above the rock ; and the chimney
of the kitchen is 90 fect in height. It is
almoft inconceivable how one man, with
his.fervant, could perform fo ditlicult a
work, though they were 25 years about
it. Friburg is feated on the river San,
15 milés sw of Bern. Lon, 6 53 B, lat.
45 48. i,
FRIBURG, a town of Suabia, capital
of Brifgaw ; remarkable for the fteeple of
the great church (which, except that of
Strafburg, is the fineft in. Germany) and
for its univerfity. “The inhabitants are
famous for polifhing cryftal and precious
ftones. It has been feveral times taken
and retaken; the laft time by the French
in June 1796. It is feated on the river
Trifer, 10 miles £ of Brifach, and 26 s
of Strafburg. Lon. 7 57£, lat. 48 10N.
FRICENTI, an epifcopal town of Naples,
in Principato Ulteriore, near the river
Triapalto, 20 miles sg of Benevento,
Lon. 15 9 E, lat. 40 59 N.
FRIEDBERG, an imperial town of Ger-
many, in Weteravia, feated on a moun-
tain, 15 miles NE of Francfort. Lon. 8
46 £, lat. 50 10 N.
FRIEDBERG, a town of Germany, in
Bavaria, with a caftle, taken and plun-
dered by the Swedes in 1632. It is 30
miles Nw of Munich. Lon. 11 10 £,
, lat. 40 23.N.
FRIEDBERG, 2 town of Germany, in’
Mifnia, remarkable for its mines, and
for being the burying-place of the princes
of the houle of Saxony. It is feated on
the Multa, 15 miles sw of Drefden.
Lon. 13 36 w, lat. 51 0 N.
FRIEDBERG, a town of Germany, in
Thuringia, feated on the Unitrue, 30
FRI
miles w of Leipfick. Lon. 11 418, lat.
51 19 N.
FRIEDBERG, the name of two {mall
towns in Silefia; the one in the duchy of
Javer, and the other in the duchy of
Schweidnitz. The laft is remarkable for
a battle zained there by the king of Pruf-
fia, over the Auitrians, in 1745.
FRIDING, a town of Suabia, on the
Danube, 30 miles Ne of Conftance. Lon.
9 31 E, lat. 48 a1-N.
FRIDLAND, a town of Bohemia, on
the confines of Silefia, 55 miles gE of
Drefden. Lon. t5 15 £, lat. 52 4N.
FRIDLENGEN, a town of Suabia, three
miles E of the Rhine, and four n of Balle.
Lon. 7 36 £, lat. 47 go N.
FRIENDLY ISLANDS, a ‘group of
iflands in the S Pacific Ocean, fo named
by captain Cook, in 1773, on account of
the friendfhip that appeared to fubfitt
among the inhabitants ; and their courtg-
ous behaviour to ftrangers. ‘Tafman, a
Dutch navigator, firft touched here in
1643, and gave the names of New Am-
fterdam, Rotterdam, and Middleburg, to
three of the principal iflands. Captain
Cook explored the whole clufter, which
he found to confift of more than 20
iflands, the principal of which are Ton-
gataboo, or Amiterdam; Eacowe, or
Middleburg ; “Aninamooka, or Rotter-
dam; Hapaee, and Letooga. - The firft,
which is the largeft, lies in 174 46 W
lon. and 21 g s lat. The general ap-
pearance of thefe itlands convey an idea
of the moft exuberant fertility: the fur-.
face, ata diftance, feems entirely clothed
with trees of various fizes, fome of which
are very large, particularly the tall cocoa-
palm, and a ipecies of fg with narrow.
pointed leaves. On cloftr‘examination,
they are almoft wholly laid out in planta-
tions, in which are fome of the richeft
productions of nature; fuch as bread-
fruit and cocoa-nut trees, plantains, yams,
fugar-canes, and a fruit like a neétaiine.
The ftock of quadrupeds is {canty; but
they received from captain Cook fome
valuable additions, both to the animal
and vegetable kingdom. Their domettic
fowls are as large us thole of Europe.
Among the birds are parrots and parro-
quets of various forts, which furnifh the
red feathers fo much efteemed in the So.
ciety Ifles. The numerous reefs and
fhoals afford fhelter for an endlefs variety
‘of thellfith. Thefe iflands are all inhabited
by a race of people, who cultivate the
earth with great indultry; and nature,
afitted by a little art, appears no where
ee ee ee en
sw wl
De a I ae 2
meee Srna
A a ate = alae Em ee ee
FRI
in greater fplendour. Agriculture, ar-
chitecture, hoat- buildings and fifhing,
are the employments of the men; to
the women is confined the manufacture of
cloth.
FRIESACH, a town of Germany, in the
archbifhopric of S.!tzburg, with a ftrong
caftle, on a mountain. It is 56 miles
sé of Saltzburgh. Lon. 14 12 £, lat. 47
12.N.
FRIESLAND, one of the United Pro-
vinces, bounded on the N by the German
Ocean, on the w by the Zuider-Zee, on
the s by the fame and Overyffel, which
alfo, with Gronningen, bounds it on the
gE. Lewarden is the capital.
FRIESLAND, East, a principality of
Weftphalia, fo called from its fituation
with refpect to the Dutch province of
Friefland. It is bounded on the Nn by
the German Ocean, on the £ by Olden-
burg, on the s by Munfter, and on the
Ww by Groningen and the German Ocean ;
extending from N to s 45 miles, and from
Etow 42. The country being level and
low, is obliged tq be fecured againit in-
undations by expenfive dikes. The land is
fertile; and the paftures feed horned
cattle, horfes, and fheep, of an extraor-
dinary fize. On the death of prince
Charles Edward in 1744, the fucceffion
to this principality was difputed between
the king of Great Britain, elector of
Hanover, and the king of Pruifia, elector
of Brandenburg; and, on an appeal by
the former, in 1752, to the diet of Ra-
tifbon, it was determined, that the claims
of the two princes fhould be referred to
the decifion of the emperor and the auiic
council at Vienna; but his Pruffian ma.
jefty declaring that he would maintain
potleffion by force of arms, it was not
thought advifable to embroil Great Bri-
tain with that monarch, anc the claim of
the elector of Hanover was no longer in-
fitted on. Embden is the capital.
FRIESLAND, West, another name
for that part of Holland, called N Hol-
land. The ftates of Holland hence take
the title of the itates of Holland and W
Fricfland.
* FRINWALT, a town of Germany, in
the margravate of Brandenburg, feated
on the Oder, 30 miles NE of Berlin.
Lon. 1410 £, lat. 52 50 N.
Frio, Cape, a promontory of Brafil,
in the province of Rio Janeiro. Lon. 41
41 W, lat.22 54 8.
Frischah, a bay of the Baltic Sea,
at the mouth of the Viftula.
FRiTZLAR, a town of Germany, in
FUE
the landgravate of Heffe-Caffel, 20 miles
sw of Caffel.
FrivuLt, a province of Italy, hounded
on the N by Carinthia, on the s by the
gulf of Venice, on the E by Carniola
and the gulf Triefto, and on the w by
the ‘Trevifano and Bellunefe. It is fer-
tile in wine and fruits, and fubject partly
to the Venetians, and partly to Auftria.
Udina is the capital.
FROBISHER’S STRAITS, a little Nn of
Cape Farewell and W Greenland, dif-
covered by fir Martin Frobifher. Lon.
42 0 W, lat. 63 0N.
FRODINGHAM, 2 town in the E riding
of Yorkfhire, with a market on Thurt-
day, 36 miles g of York, and 194 N of
London. Lon. o 12 W, lat. 53 56N.
FRODSHAM, a town in Chefhire, with
a caftle at the Ww end, anda market on
Wednefday. It is feated near the Mer-
fey, by Frodfham Hills, the higheft in
the county, 11 miles NE of Chetter, and
182 NNW of London. Lon. 2 48 w, lat.
53,21 Ne
FROME, or Froom, a river in Dor-
fetthire, which con:es from the sw part
of the county to Dorchefter, and _pro-
ceeding to Wareham, empties itfelf into
the bay that forms the harbour of
Poole.
FROME, a river in Somerfetthire,
which flows by the town of Frome, and
unites with the Avon at Briftol,
FROME, a town in Somerfethire, with
a market on Wednelday. The article
chiefly made here is fecond cloths, the
prneipel material of whic’ is fine Eng-
ith wool. It is feated on the Frome, 12
miles s of Bath, and 104 w by s of Lon-
don. Lon. 2 16 w, lat. 51 10 N.
FRONSAC, a town of France, in the
department of Gironde and late province
of Guienne, feated on the Dordogne, 22
miles NE of Bourdeaux. Lon.o 16 w,
lat.45 5.
FRONTEIRA, a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, 17 miles Nz of Eftremos,
FRONTIGNIAC, a town ot France, in
the department of Herault and late pro-
vince of Languedoc, remarkable for its
excellent muicadine wines. It is feated
en Lake Maguleone, 14 miles sw of
Montpellier. Lon. 3 48 £, lat. 43 46 N.
_ FugGo, one of the Cape de Verd
Iflands, in the Atlantic Ocean. It is
much higher than any of the reft, and
feems to be a fingle mountain at fea, but
on the fides there are deep vallies. It is
a volcano, which burns contimually, and
may be {cen a great. way off at fea, The
FUL
Portuguefe, who firft inhabited {t, brought
negroes with them, and a ftock of _cows,
horfes, and hogs; but now the chief in-
habitants are Figehe: of the Romifh reli-
gion. It is 300 miles w of Cape de Verd. ©
,On. 24 30 Wy lat. 14 54.N. 4
FueN-HOU-Fowu, a city of China, in
the province of Pe-tcheli, celebrated for
its extent and the number of its inhabit-
ants, as well as for the beauty of its
ftreets and triumphal arches. Ithas under
its jurifdigtion two cities of the fecond
rank, eight of the third, and many for-
* treffes, which bar the entrance of ‘China
againit the Tartars. It is feated near the «
great wall, amid mountains.
FUEN-TCHEOU-FOU, a commercial
city of China, in the province of Chang-fi.
Its baths and {prings, almoft as hot as
boiling water, attraét a great number of
ftrangers. Its diftviét contains one city
of the fecond, and feven of the third
clafs. It is feated on the river Fuen-ho,
250 miles sw of Pekin. :
FuENTE DueGNa, a town of Spain,
in New Caftile, feated on the Tajo, 35
miles sz of Madrid. Lon. 3 0 wy, lat.
40 14.N. :
Fuesen, atown of Syabia, belonging
to the bifliop of Augfburg, with an an-
cient caftle. It is feated on the Lech, 50
miles s by E of Augfburg. Lon. 11 15
E, lat. 47 40 N. ;
FuIDENTALL, a town of Silefia, in
the duchy of Troppaw, taken by the
king of Pruffia in 1741 and1744. It is
feated near the Mohra, 16 miles w by s
of ‘Troppaw. -
Fua, or THULE, one of the Shet-
land Iflands, w of Mainland. It is
thought by fome to be the fame, which
the ancients reckoned the ultimate limit
of the habitable globe, and to which,
theretore, they gave the appellation of U1-
tina Thule. It is doubtful, however,
whether this be really the ifland fo called ;
becaufe, had the ancients reached it, they
mutt have feen land ftill further to the NE ;
Mainland, Yell, and Unft, being all fur-
ther N. .
' FuLpDE, 2 town of Germany, in the
circle of the Upper Rhine, wit a cele-
brated abbey, whofe abbot is primate of
the abbies of the empire, and fovereign
of a fmall territory between Hefle, Fran-
conia, and Thuringia. It is feated on
the Fulde, 55 miles s of Caffel. Lon. 9
E, lat. 50 40 N.
big otic t a village in Middlefex, four
miles w. by s of London, feated on the
‘Thames, over which is a wooden bridge
to Putney. It has been the demefne of
' FUR
the bifhops of London ever fince the cons
pal here they have a palace; and in
the churchyard are'the tombs of feveral of
the prelates of that fev
FULLAN, a country in the interior
part of Africa, w of the kingdom of
Cafhna. Its boundaries have not yet
been afcertained, nor has the face of the
country been deicribed. All the infor-
mation obtained of it is, that the drefg
of the natives refembles the plaids of the
Scotch Highlanders.
FUNCHAL, the capital of Madeira, fitu-
ate round a bay, on the genile afcent of
the firft hills, in form of an amphitheatre,
An old cattle, which commands the
road, ftands on the top of a fteep black
rock, furrounded by the fea at high
water, and called by the Englith Loo
‘Rock. On a neighbouring eminence
above the town, is another, called St.
John’s Caftle ; and on the feafide are feve=
ral batteries. The ftreets are narrow,
ill-paved, and dirty. The houfes are
built of freeftone, or of brick; but th
are dark, and only a few of the bet, be-
_ longing to the Englifh merchants, or the
principal inhabitants, are provided with
glafs windows: all the others have a kind
of lattice-work in their ftead, which hange
onhinges. Lon. 17 6 w, lat. 32 38 N.
Funpy, a bay of N America, between
New England aud Nova Scotia, remark-
able for its tides, which rife to the height
of 50 or 60 feet, and flow fo rapidly, as
to overtake animals which feed upon the
fhore. .
Funen, an ifland of Denmark, 340
miles in civcumference ; ‘eparated from
Jutland by a ftrait, called the Little Belt,
and from Zealand by the Great Belt. It
is remarkably fertile in pafture and grain,
and exports to Norway, barley, oats, ryes
and peas. Odenfee is the capital.
FurRNES, a town of Auftrian Flanders,
feated near the German Ocean, on the
canal from Bruges to Dunkirk. It was
one of the barrier towns; but, in 17815
the emperor Jofeph 11 expelled the Dutch
irifon. It was taken by the French
In 1793, and is 12 miles £ of Dunkirk.
Lon. 2 45 E, lat. 51 4K. ;
FuRRUCKABAD, a diftri& of Hin-
dooftan Proper, contiguous to the w
bank of the Ganges, and furrounded by
Oude. It is little more than 30 miles in exe
tent, and belongs to a chief of the Patan
Rohilla tribe. Its capital is of the fame
name. Lon. 79 30 W, lat. 27 28N.
FURSTENBURG, a principality of
Suabia, bounded by the duchy of Wir-
temberg, the ans of Hohenburg and
a
See
F Y N
other territories of the houfe of Auftria,
‘by the Brifgaw, the Black Foreft, and
‘the lake and bifhopric of Confiance. In
‘this’ ftate the river Danube takes its rife.
FURSTENBURG, the capital of a prin-
“cipality of the fame name, in Suabia,
with a caftle, feated on a mountain, near
the Danube, 17 miles 5 of Rotweil. Lon.
g OF, lat. 47 53.N.
FURSTENFELD, a town of Lower
Stiria, with a caftle, on the river Autt-
nitz, 50 miles’s of Vienna. Lon. 16 5
Ey lat. 4723Ne - ”
FURSTENWALD, a town of Germany,
in the middle marche of Brandenburg,
feated on the Spree, 20 miles w of Franc-
“fort on the Oder. It was taken by the
Swedes in 1631. Lon, 14 8 £, lat. 52
“23 N.
Furtyrour Sicki, a confiderable
town of Hindooftan: Proper, in the pro-
vince of Agra, It is feated under a range
“of hills, the fouthern boundary of an in-
‘menfe plain, in which, for the greateft
part, not a fhrub is to be feen, and the
foil is almoft as fine as hair powder; a
circumitance, produétive of the moft dif-
agreeable effects, when this fine dutt is
taken up by the hot winds from the wett-
ward. .Its fituation too is unhealthy,
from the indifferent water with which
the whole country abounds; but the
country imniniediaely near the town, is
in tolerable cultivation. On the fummit
of the higheft hill is a large mofque,
built by the emperor Achar, in the firft
ftyle of Moorifh architeéture; and. at
the foot of this hill, are the ruins of an
imperial palace, which occupy a great
extent of ground. It is 42 miles. W of
Agra. Lon.77°45 E, lat.27 oN.
FyaL, one of the Azores, or Weftern
Iflands. I[t is well cultivated; and has
abundance of cheftnuts, beeches, myrtles,
and afpen-trees. The cottages of the
“common people are built of clay, thatched
with ftraw; and are fmall, but* cleanly
and cool. The moft confiderable place is
called Villa de Horta. Lon. 28 36 w,
lat. 38 32 .N. : ;
* FYERs,a river in Invernefsfhire, which,
defcending from the s, flows toward Loch
Nefs. Over this river is built a ftupend-
_Ous bridge, on two oppofite rocks; the
_ top of the arch being above roo teet from
‘the level of the water. A little below
“ the bridge is the celebrated Fall of Fyers,
where a great body of water darts, through
’ narrow gap between two recks, then
falis over avait precipite into the bottom
of the chafin.
_ Fyng,Loc., an inlet of the Atlentic,
.
GAIT
in Argylethire, near 40 miles in length.
It receives and returns a tide on each fide
of the ifle of. Arran, which is direél
oppolite itsentrance. It is indented with
bays; and at certain feafons, its waters
ave filled with herrings, when it becomes
the refort of numerous fifhing veflels.
Fyzanab, a city of Hindooftan Pro-
per, in the territory ef Oude, of which
At was ohce the capital. Here are the re-
mains of a vaft building, the palace of
the late nabob Sujah ul Dowlah. The
city is very populous ; but fince the re.
moval of the court of Oude to Lucknow,
the people are of the loweft clafs. It is
‘feated on the Gogra, 80 miles & of Luck-
now, and s00 nw of Calcutta. Lori,
82 30K, lat. 29 34.N.
G.
ABARET, a town of France, in
the department of Gers and late
prothee of Gafcony, feated on the Ge-
lifle, 20 miles. w of Condom. Lon. o 6
E, lat. 4.4.59 N. ;
Gasian, a village of France, in the
department of Herault and late province
of Languedoc, famous for its mineral
waters. . wal
GaBIN, a town of Poland, in the pae:
Jatinate of Rava, .50 miles nw of War-
faw. Lon. 19 45 k, lat. 52 26 Ns
GAIETA, an ancient town of Naples,
in Terra di Lavora, with.a fort, a cita-
del, a harbour, and a bifhop’s fee. It
was taken by the Auftrians in 1707, and
by the Spaniards in 1734. Itis feated at
the foot of a mountain, near the fea, 30
miles Nw of Capua. Lon. 13 47 £, lat.
41 30 Ni ;
GAILLAC, a town of France, in. the
department of Tarn and late province of
Languedoc, remarkable for its wines. |
It is feated on the Tarn, 10 miles sw of
Alby. Lon.2 5 &, lat. 43 54.N.
GaILLon, a town of France, in the
department of Eure and late province of
Normandy; remarkable for the magnifi-
cent palace, lately belonging to the arch-
bifhop of Rouen. It is five miles from
Andely, and 22 from Rouen.
GAINSBOROUGH, a town in Lincoln-
fhire, with a market on Tuefday, feated
on the Trent, over which is a handfome
ftone bridge. It is a river-port of fome
confequence, being acceffible to, veflels of
fufficient, fize to navigate-the fea 3 and
lerves as a place of export ard import for
the n part of the county,; and for Not-
Fs
rth.
hide
&l
with
ters
mes
Pro-
hich
¢ re-
ce of
The
€ Ke
now;
It. is
uck-
Lon.
ce, in
4 jare |
e Ge-
n.o 6
Page aon
in the
ovince
rineral
he pa
War-
aples,
h cita-
e. It
75 and
ated at
Pay 30
E, lat.
in the
mce of
ines.
sw of
in the
nce ot
ngnifi-
arch-
from
ncoln-
feated
dfome
| fome
els of
ort for
Noy
GAL
tinghamfhire. It is 17 miles Nw of
Lincoln, and 151 nN by w of London,
Lon. o 36 Wj lat. 53.28 N« ;
GAIRLOCH, a large bay of Scotland,
on the w coalt of Roisfhire, which gives
name to a traé of land near it. The
fihing of cod, and other white fifth, is
here very confiderable.
GaLacz, a town of Bulgaria, feated
near the Danube, between the inouths of
the Pruth and Seret.
GALASHIELS, a village in Selkirk-
fhire, near the confluence of the Gala and
Tweed. Here is a flourithing manufac-
ture of woollen cloth, called Galathiels-
gray, being of a dark colour and coarfe
texture. Lately, flannels and fuperior
cloths have been tried with tolerable fuc-
cels., It is25 miles s by £ of Edinburgh.
GaLAso, ariver of Naples, in Otranto,
which rifes in the opening nvar Oria, and
falls into the gulf of ‘Taranto.
Ga.aTa, the principal fuburb of Con-
ftantinople, feated oppofite the feraglio,
on the other fide of the harbour. It is
inhabited by Chrittians of all forts, as
well as Jews, who exercife their religion
publicly; and here wine is fold in
taverns, which is not allowed in the city
itfelf.,
GALFALLY, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Tippe:ary, 23 miles se of
Limerick. Lon. 8 20 w, lat. 52 15 N.
Ga icra, a large country in the s of
Poland, which confifts of that part of
Little Poland on the s fide of the Vittula,
almoit the whole of Red Ruffia, and a
flip of Podolia. It was forcibly feized
by the Auftrians in 1772, and incorpo-
rated into the Auftrian dominions, under
the appellation of the kingdoms of Gali-
cia and Ledomeria; which kingdoms, as
the court of Vienna alleged, fome ancient
diplomas reprefent as fituate in Poland,
and fubjeét to the kings of Hungary: but
their moft powerful and convincing argu-
ment was an army of 200,000 men.
The population ot Galicia and Lodo-
meria, jn 1776, amounted to 2,5%0,796.
The mountainous parts produce fine pat-
ture; the plains are moftly fandy, but
abound in torefts, and are fertile in corn.
The principal articles of traffic ‘are cat-
tle, hides, wax, and honey; and theie
countries contain mines of copper, lead,
iron, and falt, of which the latter are
the moft valuable. Lemburg, or Leo-
pold, is the capital of the whole country,
which extends 380 miles trom E to w 3; its
greateft breadth being 190.
GALICIAga province of Spain, bounded
on the N and w, by the Atlantic, on the
GAL
s by Portugal, and on the £ . by -the.
Afturias and Leon. The air is temperate
along the coaft, but in other places cold:
and moift. It is thin of people. The
prodilgs is wine, flax, and citrons.
ere alfo are good paltures, copper, and
lead ; and the forefts yield wood for build.
ing of fhips. St. Jago de Compoftella is
the capital
Gauicia, NEw.
JARA.
GALISTI0, a townof Spain, in Eftra-
madura, 10 miles NW of Placentia. Lon.
588, lat.go2N.
GaLL, Sr. or St. GALLEN, a town
of Swifferland, in Thurgau, with a rich
abbey, who/e abbot is titular prince of
the German empire, and formerly pof-
fefled the jovereignty of the town; but
the inhabitants fhook off his authority,
and became independent. The town is
entirely proteftant, and its government
arifto-democratical. The fubjeéts of the
abbot, whofe territory is diftin&, are
mottly cathclics. The abbey, in which
this prince refides, is fituate clofe to the
town, and in the midft of its territory;
as the latter is alfo entirely furrounded
by the poffeffions cf the prince. To the
library belonging to this abvey which con.
tains feveral mss. of the claffics, we are in-
debted for Petronius Arbiter, Silius Ita-
licus, Valerius Flaccus, and Quintilian,
copies of-which were found here in 14.13.
The town owes its flourifhing ftate to
a very extenfive commerce, arifing chiefly
from its manufactures of jinen, muflin,
and embroidery. It is feated ina narrow,
barren valley, between two mountains,
and on two imall ftreams, 37 miles NE of
Zuric. Lon. 9 20 £, lat. 47 26 N.
GaLLa, a fort of Ceylon, belonging
to the Dutch, who drove the Portugueie
thence in 1640. Some call it Punta de
Gallo. Lon. 80 30 £, lat. 6 20N.
GaLuipaGo IsLaNnns, a number of
iflands in the Pacific Ocean, difcovered
by the Spaniards, to whom they belong.
They are not inhabited; but the Spani«
ards touch here for frefh water and pro-
vifions, when they fail from America to
Afia,, Here are a great number of birds,
and excellent tortojlgs. They lie under
the equator, the centre ifland in fon. 85
30 Ww. .
GALLIPOLI, a feaport of Naples, in
Terra d’Otranto, with a bifhop’s tee, and,
afort. This place is a great mart for
olive oil. It is feated on arock, fur-
rounded by the fea, and joined to the
mainland by a bridge, 23 miles w of
Otfanto. Lon. 18 5 £, lat. go 20N,
P :
“
See GUADALA-
GAM
GaurPout, a feaport of Turkey in
Europe, in Romania, with a bithop's fee.
It contains about 10,000 Turks, 3500
Grezks, befide a great number of Jews,
It is an open'place, and has no other de-
fence than a forry fquare caftle. The
houfes of the Greeks and Jews have
doors not above three feet and a half
high, to prevent the Turks riding into
their houles. It is feated on a {trait of
the fame name, 100 miles sw of Con-
ftantinople. Lon. 26 59 E, lat. go 25 N,
GaLurpo.tt, a ftrait between Euro-
pean and Aliatic Turkey. It forms the ,
communication between the Archipelago
and ‘the fea of Marmora, and is detended
at the sw entrance by the Dardanelles.
It is here two miles ’ ver, and is 33 miles
long. It was anciently called the Hel-
lefpont. See DARDANELLES.
GaL.Lo, an ifland of the Pacific
Ocean, near the coaft of Peru; the firft
place poflefled by the Spaniards, when
they attempted the conqueit of Peru. It
is alfo the place where ‘the Buccaneers
ufed to come for wood and water, and to
refit their veffels. Lon. 80 0 w, lat. 2
30 N.
GatLoway, New,. a borough in
Kirkcudbrightihiire, fituate on the river
Kei, 14 miles n of Kirkcudbright.
GaLLoway, UPPER, or WEsT. See
WIGTONSHIRE.
' Gatway, a county of Ireland, in the
vrovince of Connaught, 82 miles in length,
and 42-in b:eadth; bounded on the n
by the Atlantic, and the counties of
Mayo and Rofcommon; on the E by
Ro.common, Weft Meath, and King’s
County; on the sw by Tipperary; on
the s by ‘Galway Bay and Clare; and on
the w ‘by the Atlantic. The river
Shannon wafhes the frontiers of the £
and sg, and forms a lake feveral miles
in length, It contains 146 parifhes, and
fends eight members to parliament.
GaLway,,a feaport of Ireland, capi-
tal of a county of the fame name. It is
furrounded by {trong walls; the ftreets
are large and ftraight; and the houfes
are generally well built of ftone. Its
harbour is defended by a fort, and it
has a good foreign trade, being feated
on a bay of the fame name, on the
Atlantic Ocean, 40 miles wsw of
Athlone, and 100 Ww of Dublin. Lon.
9 0 W, lat. 53 18 N.
Gambia, a great river of A,rica,
which, running from E to w, fills into
the Atlantic Ocean, between Cape Verd
on the Nn, and Cape St. Mary on the s.
It overflows the country annually, like
5
GAN
the Nile, and is fuppofed to be a branch
of the Niger. It is navigable for thi
of 150 tons burden, 500 miles from its
mouth.
GaANDERSHEIM, a town of Lower
Saxony, in the duchy of Brunfwick Wol-
fenbuttle, with a celebrated nunnery, 17
miles sw of Goflar. Lon. 18 20 £,
lat. 51 54 N.
Ganpia, a feaport of Spain, in Va-
lencia, with a finall ‘onivertft » 55 miles
N of Alicant. Lon. 0 20 £, Tee: 39 6N.
Gawnpicorta, a town of the ‘penin-
fula of Hindooftan, fubjeé& to the regent
of Mytore, remarkable for a ftrong fortrefs,
and a diamond mine near it. It is feated
on the river Pennar, between Gooty and
Cuddapa.
GanGEA, or Ganja, a town of Perfia,
in the province of Erivan, 105 miles s
by E ot Tefflis. Lon. 45 50 E£, lat. 41
10 N.
GANGES, a large and celebrated river
of Afia, which has its fource in two {prings,
on t+ w fide of Mount Kentaiffe, in
Thibet. The two intant {treams take a
W direction for 400 miles, when meeting
the great ridge of Mount Himmaleh,
they turn to thes, in which courfe the
unite their waters, and torm what is
eepely called the Ganges, from the
indoo word Ganga, which fignifies
a river; a ‘term given to it by way
of eminence. This great body of water
now forces a paffage through the ridge
of Himmalch, at the diftance of 400
miles below the'place of its firft approach,
and, rufhiang through a cavern, precipi-
tates itfelf into a vaft bafin which it has
worn inthe rock, at the hither foot of
the'mountains. ‘The Ganges thus appears,
to incurious {peétators, to derive its ori-
ginal {prings from this chain of mountains.
The mind of fuperftition has. given to the
mouth.of the cavern, the ‘form of the head
of a cow; an animal held by the Hindoos
in a degree of veneration, almoft equal to
that in which the Egyptians held their
god Apis; and, acccrdingly, they have
ftyled it the Gangotri, or the Cow’s
Mouth. From this fecond fource (as it
may be termed) of the Ganges, it takes
a SE diregtion, through the country of
Sirinagur, until, at Hurdwar, it finally
efcapes from this mountainous traét in
which it has’ wandered 800 miles.
From Hurdwar, where it gufhes through
an opening in the mountains, and enters
Hindooftan, it flows with a fmooth na-
vigable flream through delightful plains,
during the remainder of its courfe to the
bay of Bengsl, which: it enters by feveral
wer
Vol-
, 17
) E>
Va-
niles
6 N-
nin-
ent
ets,
ated
and
rfia,
les 8
t. 45
river
ings,
+, im
ake a
eting
aleh,
‘they
at 18.
1 the
nifies
way
water
ridge
400
oach,,
cipi-
t has
ot of
DEALS»
5 oFi-
ains.
io the
head
doos
al to
their
have
GAR
mouths. In its courfe through thefe
plains, it receives 11 rivers, fome of which
are equal to the Rhine, and none finaller
than the Thames, befide many of interior
note, In the annual inundation of this
immenfe river, the country is overflowed to
the extent of more than 100 miles in width;
nothing appearing but villages and trees,
excepting, very rarely, the top of an ele-
vated fpot, the artificial mound of fome
deferted village, appearinyr bike an ifland.
The rife of the water is, on an average,
31 feet. Ina word, it is, in every re-
{peét, one of the moft beneficial rivers in
the world; diffufing plenty immediately
by means of its living productions, and
fecondarily, by enriching the lands, afford-
ing an ealy conveyance tor the productions
ef its borders, and giving employment to
many thoufand boatmen, It is no won-
der, therefore, that the Hindoos regard
this river as a kind of deity, that they
hold its waters’ in high vencration, and.
that it is vifited jnhially by a prodigious
number .of pilgrims from all parts of
Hindooitan. ;
Gawjam, a town of the peninfula,
of Hindooftan, in one of the Northern
Circars, fubjeét to the Englifh. It lies on
the bay of Bengal, between a river and.
the sw end. of Chilka Lake. Lon. 85
20 Ey lat. 19 22 N.
GANNAT,. a town of France, in the
department of Allier, and late province
of Bourbonnois, 30 miles s of Moulins,
Gap, an ancient town of France, in
the department o1: cae Upper Alps and
late province of Dauphiny, and lately a
bifhop’s fee. It was taken, in 1692,
by the duke of Savoy, who burnt a great
part of it. Gap is feated on the imall
river Bene, at the foot of a mountain,
in which fome mineral waters are found
that are deemed febrifuge. It is 27
miles N of Sifteron. Lon. 6 10 £, lat.
44 34.N. .
GaRACK, an ifland of Afia, in the
gulf of ‘Perfia, remarkable for the fine
pearls fithed up on its coatts. Lon, 48 9
E, lat. 28 15 N.
Garp, a department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of Lan-
guedoc, Nifines is the epifcopal town.
Garp, Pont Du, a Roman aquedutt,
in France, nine miles ne of Ni{mes,
erected, it is fuppofed, by Agrippa, in
the time of Auguftus. It is 160 feet
in height, and confifts of three bridges
rifing above each other, and unitin
two craggy mountains. The higheft of
thefe bridges has fix arches, of great blocks
of ftone, withowt cement; the centre
GAT
one has eleven; and the lowefi. (undgr
which flows the Gardon, an inconfider-
able, but rapid river) has 36. Lewis
x1v, when he repaired, in 16y9», the da-
mages which this ftupendous work had.
jutained by time, cauled a real bridge,
over which travellers now pafs, to be cone
Rrudted by the fide of the lower range of
arches. ‘lhis aqueduct was built, in order
to. convey to Nilmes the water of the
{pring of Eure, which rites near Uzes.
Garba, a town of Italy, in the Ves
ronefe, feated at the end of a lake of ire
own name, 17 miles NW of Verona. Lun
11 4 Ey lat. 45 36 N.
GaARDELEBEN, a town of Germany,
in the old marche of Bradenburg. Ie
has a trade in hops and excellent beer,
and is feated on the river Beife, 32 miles
N by w of Magdeburg. Lon. 11 35 By
lat. $2 41 N.
GaRONNE,:a river of France, which
rifes in the Pyrenees, and taking a Nw
dire&tion, waters Touloufe and Bour-
deaux, below which it is joined by the
Dordogne, and thence to its entrance into
the bay of Bifcay, is called the Gironde,
It has a navigable communication with
the Mediterranean, by its junction with
the Royal Canal. See Cana, Roya.
GARONNE, Uppgr, a department of
France, containing part of the late pro-
vince of Languedoc. ‘Touloufe is the
capital.
GaRRISON, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Fermanagh, ro miles se of
Ballythannon. Lon. 7 43 W, lat. 5425 N.
GARSTANG, a town in Lancathire,
with a market on Thurfday, feated on
the river Wyre, 10 miles s of Lancafter,
and 225 NNw of London. Lon. 2 53
W; lat. 53 56N.
GartTz, a town of Pruffian Pome-
rania, feated on the Qder, 13 miles 5 of |
Stetin. Lon. 14 35 E, lat. 53 23 N.
Gascony, a late province of France,
Sounded on the w by the’bay of Bilcay,
on the N by Guienne, on the £ by Lane
guedoc, and on the s by the Pyrenees,
The character of the inhabitants has been
long that of a lively people, famous for
boafting of their valour, which has occa.
fioned the name of Gafconade to be given
to all bragging ftories, This province,
with Armagnac, now forms the depart-
ment of Gers.
GaTEHOUSE, & confiderable village in
Kirkcudbrightthire, at the mouth of the
river Fleet. Here isa cotton-mill; and
floops come up the river, within a fhort
diftance of the town. It is nine miles nw
of Kirekcudbsight 's
i Ne
Seamer
Facet in
SS caer opener een
2 Se
e
aes gp . =
EL SS ISS a ef
Misia, erage Se Sete
sen te ee a pin Cl a tl
On SENS SSO Ee
Te a Ar a a a ane —
7
GEA
GatTTon, a borough in Surry, which
fends two members to parliament, but
now has ‘neither market nor fair. It is
19 miles s by w of London. Lon. o
Yo W, lat. 51 18 N.
GaAvaRpbo, a town of Italy, in the
Brefc‘ano, feated on the Weile, leven
sniles w-of Lake Garda. Lon. 10 9 E,
lat. 45 40 N.
~ GAUDENS, ST. a town of France, in
the department of Upper Garonne and
late province of Languedoc, feated on
the Garonne, eight miles Ng of St. Bert-
rand. ‘Lon. o 56 E, lat. 43 1 N.
GAVEREN, or WAVEREN, a town of
Auftriany Flanders, feated on the Sclield,
eight miles s of Ghent. Lon. 3 51 E,
lat. 50 56 N.
Gavi, a town of Italy, in the territory
of Genoa, feated on the Lemo, 19 miles
nw of Genoa, Lon. 8 57 £, lat. 45
40 N. .
Gauts, or INDIAN APPENNINES,
a ftupenddus wall of mountains, ex-
tending from Cape Comorin, the 5, ex-
tremity of Hindooftan, to the Tapty, or
Surat River, at unequal diftances trom
the coaft; in one fhort {pace only, it ap-
proaches within fix miles, the common
diftance js 4.0, and it feldom exceeds 70.
They rife abruptly from the low country,
called the Concan, or Cockum, fupport~
ing; in the nature ‘of a terrace, a vatt
extent of fertile and populous plains,
which are fo elevated, as to render the
air cool and. pleafant. This celebrated
ridge does not terminate in a promon-
tory, when it approaches the Tapty ;
but, departing from its meridional courie,
it bends eaftward, in a wavy line, paral-
Jel with the river; and is afterward loft
among the hills, in the neighbourhood
of Burhampour. In its courte along the
Tapty, it tornis feveral paifes, or defcents
(that is Gauts, according to the original
import of the word, which means a
fanding place) toward that river.
’ Gaza, an ancient and celebrated town
of Paleitine, thrée miles from the Medi-
terrangan, with a harbour called New
Gaza. Tt is now very finall; but, from
appearance of the ruins, it was formerly
a confiderabls place, There is a caitle
near it, where a bafliaw refides. It is 50
miles sw of Jerufalein.’° Lon. 34 45 4,
Jat. gr 28.N. ee ee
GEARON, or J4Ron, atown of Perfia,
in Parfittan, in whoie’ territory’ the’ belt
dates of Perfia are produced.” Lon. 51
17 E, lat. 28 35N. °° se
GiFLeE, the capital of the province
of Geftrike, in Sweden, feated on ‘three
& . a!
GEM
branches of a river of the fame name
which begins to be navigable here, and’
falls, in a fhort diftance, into a gay of the
Baltic. I: is the moft commercial town
in this northern part of Sweden; and its
exports are principally iron, pitch, tar,
and planks. It is 55 miles n by w of
Stockholm... Lon. 17 0 £, lat. 63 oN.
GEGENBACH, a free imperial city of
Suabia, and under the prote&ion of the
houle of Auftria. - It is feated on ‘the
Kinzia, 12 miles se of Strafburg. “Lon.
828, Jat. 48 2gN. 9 7 SY
GEILLDORF, a town of Suabia, near
the river Kocher, with a caftle, belonging
to the lords of Limpurg. ae eens
' GEISLENGEN, an imperial town o
Suabia, 17 miles NW of Ulm. Lon. 10
3. E, lat. 48 36 .N. eyes
GELHAUSEN, a fmall imperial town of
Weteravia, under the’ prote&tion of the
eleftor ‘palatine, ‘with a.caftle, fated on
the Kintzig, 25 miles £ of Hanay. Lon.
9 T5+B, lat. somNS re
GemappPg, a village of Aufttian Hai-
nault, three miles w by sof ‘Mons, fa-
mous tor a victory which the . French
obtained here over the Auftrians, Nov.
5, 17923 in which the carnage on both
fides was fo great, that three coal-pits.
adjacent were filled up with the dead
bodies of men and horfes. © °° |)
GEMBLOURS, a town of Auttrian Bra-
bant, with an ancient abhey. Don John
of Auitria gained a battle here over the
Dutch ii 1578; and it was twice burnt
down, in 1628 ard 1712. It is feated
on the Orneau, 22 miles se of Bruflels.
Lon.'4 51 £, lat. 50 37, N. °
~ GEMINIANI, SP. a town of Tufcany, in
the Florentino, feated on a mountain, in
which is a mine of vitriol, 25 miles ssw
of Florence. a
GEMMINGEN, a town of Germany, in
the palatinate of the Rhine, 30 miles £
of Philipfburx., Lon. 9 13 8;'lat. 49 6N.
GEMUND, an imperial town of Suabia,
with a manufacture of chaplets or beads,
which are fent to diftant countries. It
was taken by the French in Augult 1796 ;
and is feated on the Reims, 30 miles N
vy W of Ulm. Lon. 9 48 £, lat. 48 48°N,
‘GEMuUND, a town of Weltphalia, in
the duchy of Juliers, feated on the Roer,
24 miles sw of Cologne. Lon. 6 48 E,
lat. 50 38 N. see:
GEMUND, a town of Upper Auttria,
confiderable for its file: works ; feated to
the nN of a lake of the fame name, on the
river Draun, 20 miles ssw of Lintz.
GENAP, a town of Auftrian Brabant,
with an ancient caltle, Mated on’ the
bunt
rated
| els 1
y,in
, in
ssw
y, in
les E
GEN
Dyle, 15 miles se of Bruiiels. Lon, 4
40 £, lat. 50 40 N.
GENEP, or GENNEP, a town Of Weft-
phalia, fubjeét to the king of Pruffia, and
teated on the Neers, five miles sw of
Cleves. Lon. 5 48 £, lat. 51 42 N.
“GENEVA, an ancient city, capital of a
republic of the fame name, near the con-
fines of France and Swifferland, The
Rhone, which iflues fromm’ the Inke ot.
Gencva in two channels that foon after
unite; divides the city into two unequal
parts. Geneva is .more populous than
any ct the towns of Swifferland, contain-
ing 24,000 fouls. The alliance which
it contracted with Bern and: Friburg, in
1526, was, the true era of its liberty
and independance; for, not long after,
the dukes df ‘Savoy wete ‘deprived of
their authority over this city; the bithop
was expelled; a republic eftablifhed ; and
the reformation introduced.’ In 1584,
Geneva concluded, a ‘perpetual alliance
with Zuric and Bern; 3 which it is-al-
Jied with thé ‘Swiis cantons, During
the greater part of ‘the laft century, to
1794, the hiftory of Geneva contains
little more than‘a narrative of contefts
between the ariftocratic and the’ popular
parties: It may fuffice to dbferve ‘here,
that the years 1768, 1782; 1789, and
1794, were diftincuifhed by great’ revo-
lutions. The laft was effected entirely
by the influence of the French; and,
perhaps, at the era of a general pacifi-
cation, the conftitution’may be new mo-
delled. Geneva, which lies partly in the
plain on the borders of the lake, and
artly on a gentle afcent, is irregularly
built. The houfes are lofty; and many
in the trading part of the city, have
arcades of wood, which are raifed even
to the upper ftories: thefe arcades,
fupported by pillars, give a gloomy ap-
pearance to the ftreet, but are ufetul to
the inhabitants in proteéting them from
the fun anu rain, Playing at cards, or
drinking at public-houfes, is not per-
mitted; but they exercife their militia,
play at bowls, and have other diverfions on
Sunday ; where, however, theduties of the
day, dyring the hours appropriated to di-
vine fervice, are obferved with the moft
refpectful decorum. The citizens, of both
fexes, are remarkably well inftructed ;
and it is not uncommon to find me-
chanics, in the intervals of their labour,
amuling themfelves with the works of
Newton, Locke, Montefquieu, and other
productions of the fame kind. Geneva
is 40 miles NE of Chamberry, and 135
NW of Turin. Lon. 6°5 5, lat:-46 12 N,
GEN
+
Geneva, Lake OF, a magnificent |
expanie of water, in Swifferland, which, .
from the city of Geneva to Villencuve, ;
extends 54 miles in length; and its
breadth, in the wideit part, is 12. It is
in the fhape of a crejcent, of which
Swifferland forms the concave, and Sa-.,
voy the convex part. Savoy affords a°
rude and awfyl boundary of afpiring
Alps, craggy, and covered with the ice of ;
ages. _ From Geneva, to, the environs of
Laufanne, the country flopes, for a con-,
fiderable way, to the margin of the lake,’
and is enriched with all the varieties that;
nature can beitow. The long ridge of’,
the Jura, fertile in pafturage, and varied:
with woods, backs this beautiful traét, -
Near Lanfanne, the banks rile confider-
ably, forming a charming terrace; and,
a few miles beyond the. town, is a rapid
defcent. Near Vevay, begins a plainj:
which is continued far beyond, the end of;
the lake, but contracting, by the approach.
of the mountains, toward, the; water ;,, the:
depth of which is various; the greateit,.
yet found by founding, 160. tathoms.,
Like all inland lakes, inclofed within high,
mountains, it is fubjeét to fudden ftorms.
Among the birds that, frequent © this’
lake, are the tippet grebes of Pennant,:
which appear in December, and retire:
in February, Their {kins are an elegant
article of luxury, and fell for 12 or 148.
each. .Thefe birds are. obliged to breed
in other places, this lake being-almoft to-;
tally deftitute of reeds and rufhes, in:
which they form their floating neft. The:
river Rhone runs through the whole. ex-
tent of the lake, from its £ to its sw
extremity. pelt
GENEVOIS, a. duchy of Savoy, of.
which Geneva and its territory were
formerly a part. Annecy is the capital.:
GENGENBACK, a town of Suabia, 10
miles se of Strafburg. Lon. 7, 53. By
lat. 48 28.N.
Gencoux pe Roya, ST. a town
of France, in the department of Saone
and Loire and late province of Burgundy,
remarkable ior its excellent wines. It is
feated at the foot of a mountain, 17 miles
sw of Chalons. Lon. 4 43 £, lat. 46
37 N. .
GENIEZ, ST.,a town of France, cin
the department of Ayeiron and late pron
vince of Rouergue, 24 miles’ NErof
Rhodgz. - Len. 3.0 8, lat. 44-35:N.
GENS, a town, of Savoy, feated on the.
Guier, 12 miles w of Chamberry. Lon.
5 30 E, lat, 45 40 N.
GENOA, a. territory and republic of
Italy, oxtending alone that part of the
P 4
ESN SER IL SL eT RT NET ae
eres SOME NIE aR AAO. a Bat AMR Patek Rie a> Sd
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G.E N,
Mediterranean called the guif of Genoa,
152 miles; but its breadth is very
unequal, being from 8 to 12 miles.
Where it is not bounded by the fea, it
is bordered from w to E by Piedmont,
Montferrat, Milan, Placetitia, Parma,
‘Tufcany, and Lucca. It is populous,
well cultivated, and fertile near the fea;
but the inner parts are mountainous, and
barren in feveral places, having neither
trees nor grafs upon them.
GENOA, an ancient city of Italy, ca-
ital of a republic of the fame name.
fe is fix miles in circumference, built
like an amphitheatre, and full of mag-
nificent churches and palaces; whence it
has “the name of Genoa the Proud. It
is one of the moft trading places in Italy ;
has great manufactures of velvet, filk,
and-cloth ; and the banking butinels is a
very profitable article of commerce.
The nobility do not fcruple to engage in
the manutactures or trade. Genoa is an
archbithop’s fee, has an academy, a good
harbour, and lofty walls. There is a large
pe Fane which fupplies a erent number,
©:
fountains with water, in all parts of the
city. The houfes-are well built, and are
five or fix ftories high. The government
is ariftocratic, none but the nobility having
any fhare init. Thefe are of two forts,
the old. and the new, whence there are
Zo perfons chofen, who make the great
council, in which their fovereignty refides,
Befide thefe, there is a fenate, compofed of
the doge and 12 {fenators, who have the
admninittration of affairs. The doge con-
tinues in his office but two years. The
harbour is very contiderable, and has a
taole of 560 paces in length, 13 in
breadth, and 15 feet above the level of
the water. Genoa was bombarded by
the French in 1684, and was taken by
the Auftrians in 1746. Their oppreffion
of the inhabitants was fuch, that the
Jatter fuddenly rofe and expelled their
conquerors, who again befieged the city,
the next year, but without etiecst. The or-
dinary revenue of this republic is 200,000l.
a year, and there is.a bank which is
partly fupported by public duties. ‘hey
generally keep two or three years pro-
vifion of corn, wine, and oil, in their
magazines, which they fell to the people
in f{carce times. Genoa is 62 enifee SB
of Turin, and 225 Nw of Rome, Lon,
S41 8, lat. 44.25 N.
GEORGE, Fort, a fortrefs in Inver-
nefsthire, which has feveral handfome
ftreets of barracks. It is feated on the
point of Arderfier, @ peninfula running
anto the frith of Murray, and completely
GEO
commands the entrance into the harbour
of Invernefs.
GeorGe, Fort St. See Mapras.
Georce, Laks, a lake of N Ame-
rica, in the ftate of New York. It lies
sw of Lake Champlain, and is 35 miles
long, but is narrow. ‘The adjacent
country is mountainous; the vallies tole.
rably good.
GeorGg, Sr. one of the Azores, in-.
habited by about 5000 perfons, who cul-,
tivate much wheat. Lon. 280 w, lat,
38 39 Ne :
Georece, St. an ifland of the United
States, in the ftrait of St. Mary, that
forms the communication between Lake
Superior and Lake Huron.
GEORGE DEL MINA, ST. the beft fort
on the Gold Coaft of Guinea, and the
principal fettlement of the Dutch in
thofe parts. It. was taken from the
Portuguefe in 1630.. The town under
it, called by the natives Oddena, is very
long, and pretty broad. ‘The houfes are.
built of ftone, which is uncommon, for
in other places they.are compofed only of
clay and wood. It was. once very popu-
lous, but the inbabitants were: greatly
reduced by the fmallpox. It is 30 miles
w bys of Cape Coaft Caftle, Lon. o
42 W, lat. § 4 N. Bit
G£OorGE’s, St..a fmall: ifland in the
gulf of Venice, Iying to the 9 of Venicey
to which it is fubject. Here is a Bene-
diétine monaftery, whofe church is one of
the fineft in Italy. ‘
Georce’s, St. the largeft of the
Bermuda Iflands, in which is the town
of St. George, the capital of all
the iflands. Lon. 63 30 Wy, lat. 32
45Ne
Grorce's, St.-an ifland in the gulf
of Mexico, oppofite the mouth of the
Appalachikola. Lon, 84 50 Wy, Jat. 29
ON.
; Georce’s Key, St. a {mall ifland
of N America, off the coalt of Honduras.
It is likewife called Catia or Cayo Ca-
fina. By a convention in 1786, the Eng-
lith logwood cutters in the bay of Hon-
duras were permitted, under certain re-
ftrigtions, to occupy this ifland.
GEorGE Town, the feat of jultice,
in a diitriét of the fame name, in S Caro-
lina; fituate near the junction of a num-
ber of rivers, which, when united, . is
named the Pedee, and falls into the At-
lantic Ocean, 12 miles below the town.
It is 55 miles w by & of Charlefton.
Lon, 79 30 Wy lat. 33 20 N.
Grorara, a beautiful country of
Afia, called by the Perfians Gurgittan,
: a
8
|
rs
;
te
ee
a
a,
dia
2S
ie
x
‘bour
LAS.
Aine-
t lies
miles
acent
tole.
¥) in-,
> cul-,
» lat,
Inited
that
Lake
t fort
d the
h in
1 the
under
| very
2s are
1, for
aly of
OpU~
reatly;
miles
on. o
n the
nicey
Dpcne-
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f the
town
all
» 32
gulf
the
e 2 9
and
IAS.
Ca.
eng~
on-
re-
GEO.
and by the Turks Gurtthi. It is one of
the feven Caucafian nations, in the coun-
tries between the Black. Sea .and the
Cafpian, and comprehends the ancient
Iberia and Colchis. It is bounded on
the n by Circaflia, on the E by Dag-
heftan and Schirvan, on the s by Arme-
nia, and on the w- by the Cuban, or
new Ruffian government of Caucafus.
It is divided into nine provinces. Of
thefe, five form what is commonly called
the kingdom of Georgia; and four the
kingdom or principality of Imeritia.
The hills are covered with forefts of
oak, ath, beech, cheftnuts, walnuts, and
elms, engircled with vines, growing:
perfectly wild, but producing vaf
quantities of grapes. From thefe is an-
nually made as much wine as is necef-
fary, for their yearly confumptions the
remainder are left to rot on the vines.
Cotton grows fpontaneoully, as well as:
the fineft European fruit-trees. . Rice,
wheat, millet, hemp, and flax are railed
on. the plains, almoft without culture.
The vallies afford the fineft pafturage;:
the rivers are full of fith; the mountains
abound in minerals; and the climate
is healthy; io that nature appears. to
have lavifhed on this country every pro-
duétior that can contribute to, the hap-
pinefs of its inhabitants. On.the other
hand, the rivers of Georgia, being fed
by mountain torrents, are always either:
too rapid or too fhallow for the pur-
poies of navigation; the Black Sea, by
which commerce and civilization might
be introduced. from Europe, has been
till lately in the exclufive poffeflion of the
Turks; the trade by land is greatly ob-
ftruéted by the high mountains of Cau-
cafus; and this obftacle is ftill increafed,
by the predatory nations which inhabit
thofe mountains. The Georgians. are
Chriftians o7 the Greek communion, and
appear to have received their name
from their attachment to St. George,
the tutelary faint of thefe countries.
Their drefs nearly retembles that of the
Coffacs ; but men of rank peqeney wear
the habit of Perfia. They ufually die
their hair, beards, and nails with red.
The woinen employ the fame colour to
ftain the palms of their hands. On their
head they wear a cap or fillet, under
which their black hair falls on their fore-
head; behind, it is braided into feveral
trefles: their eyebrows are painted with
black, in fuch a manner as to form one
entive line, and the face is perfectly
coated w.th white and red. Their air and
GEO
being generally educated in'convents, they
can all read and write; a qualification
which is very unufaal among the imen,
even of the higheft;rank. Gurls are be-
trothed as foon as poifible; often at three
or four years of age. In the ftreets the
women of rank are always veiled, and
then it is indecent in any man to accoft
them: it is likewife uncivil, in converfa-
tion, to inquire after the wives of any of
the company. ‘Travellers accufe the
Georgiansof drunkennefs, firperftition,cru-
elty, floth, avarice, and cowardice; vices:
which are every. where common. to flaves
and tyrants, and are by no means peculiar
to the natives of this country. “The des
{cendants of the colonitts, carried by Shachs.
Abbas, and fettled at Peria, near I{pahan, ’
and in Matanderan, have changed their cha~
raster with their government ;) and the
Georgian troops,employed inPerfia againt
the \ffghans, were advantageoufly diftins
guihhed by their docility, their ditcipline,’
and their courage. The other inhabi-
tants of Georgia are Tartars, Offi, and
Armenians. Thefe laf are found ali
over Georgia, fometimes mixed with the,
natives, and fometimes in villages of their
own, . They fpeak among themfelves:
their own language, but: all underttand!
and can talk the Georgian... Their religi-.
on is partly the Armenian, andpartly thé
Roman catholic. - They are the maft op.'
pretied of the inhabitants, but are fill. dite
tinguithed by that inftinétive, induftry:.
which every where characterizes the na-’
tion. Betide thele, there are in Georgia
confiderable numbers of Jews, fome hav-
ing villages of their own, and others mixed
with the Georgian, Armenian, and Tar-
tar inhabitants, but never with the OM:
they pay a finall tribute above that of the
natives. Teeftlis is. the capital, See.
IMERITIA.
Georara, the mo fouthern of the:
United States of America, foo miles
long and 250 broad; bounded on the gz
by the Atlantic Occan, onthe s by E and
W Florida, on the w by the Milliffippi,
and on the N by N and § Carolina. It
is divided into 11 counties, namely,
Chatham, Effingham, Burke, Richmond,
Wilkes, Liberty, Glyn, Camden, Wath.
ington, Green, and Franklin. The prin-
cipal rivers are the Savannah, Ogeechee,
Alatamaha, Turtle River, Little Sitilla,
Great Sitilla, Crooked River, St. Mary’ Sse
and Appalachikola. The winters in
Georgia are very mild and pleavant.
Snow is feldom or never feen. The toil
and its fertility are various, according to
manner are extremely voluptuous, and fituation and different improvements. By
2 ty ets
Patt atte CP
pr
a Oe
DS AGT ge EI ne
ar ria
ig a TR
ec hhh
ep and Trt se
tn ge eas nae a et
lrg er
GER?
culture are produced rice, indigo, cotton,
* filk, Indian corn, potatoes, oranges, figs,
pomegranates, &c.: Rice, at prefent, is
the ftaple commodity ;' but great atten-
tion begins to be paid to the railing of
tobacco. The whole coaft of Georgia
ts bordered with iflands, the principal of
which are Skidaway, Watlaw, Otlahaw,
St. Catharine's, Sapelo, Frederica, Jekyl,
Cumberland, and Amelia, ‘The capital
o& this Rate is Augutta,
»Groreta, SOUTHERN; an ifland of
the.S Pacific Ocean, difcovered by captain
Cook in1775,and fonamed byhim. Itis 31°
leagues long;‘and vo in its. greateft breadth.
St ems to abgund with baysand harbours,
which the vait quantities’ of ice render
inacceflible the greatelt. part of the year.
Two rocky iflands. are.ifituate at the Nn
end; one of which, from the perfon who
difcovered: it, was named Willis’ Ifland:
it is.a.craggy cliff, nearly perpendicular,
and contained the netts of many thoufand
thags.
Bird Ifland, trom the innumerable flocks
of birds that were feen noar it, from the
largeft ‘albatrofles down to the least pe-
tral,
of confiderable height, like thole at Spitz-
bergen; trom which pieces: were continu.
ally breaking off and floating out torfea.
Phe valligs were covered with thow; and-
the:only vegetation obferved, was a bladed
gvals,. growing in tufts ;. wild burnet;
and a ane like mofs, which {prung from
the rocks, Not a ftream of freih water
was to be feen’on the whole coatt. This
ifland lies between 38:73 and 35 34. W
lon. and 53 57 and 54 57's lat.
GeEppina, an imperialtown of Sua-
bia, in the duchy of Wirtemburg, feated
en the river Wils, 25 miles E of Stut-
gard. Lon. 9 45 £, lat. 48 44N.
Gera, a town of Germany, in Mif-
nia, with a handiome college, on the river
Elfter. Lon. 11 56 E, Jat. 50 50 N.
GsRAW, a town of Germany, in
Hefle-Darmitadt, capital of a diftriét of
the fame name, 10 miles NW of Darm-
ftadt. Lon. 8 29 £; lat. 49 45 .N.
GERBEROY, a town of Frange, in the
department of Oife and late province of
the Ifle of France, 50 miles nN by w of
Paris. Lon. 54 8, lat. 49 32.N.
GERBES, GERBI, or ZERBI, an ifland
on the coaft of Tunis. It bears no other
com than barley; but has large qnan-’
tities of figs, olives, and grapes, which,
gwhen dried, form the principal trade. «It
depends on the dey of Tripoli. Lon. ro
yo E, lat, 33 56 N.
GERBEVILLERS, a town of France, in
The other received the name of:
Here are perpendicular ice. cliffs,”
the department of Meurthe and Jate pro.
vince of Lorrain, with a handfome caftle-
The church of the late Carmelites is very
elegant. It is feated on the Agen, five
miles from Luneville.
GERGENTE, a town of Sicily, with a
cattle, and a bifhop’s fee; feated near the
river St. Blaife, 50 miles $s of Palermo,
Lon. 13 24 8; lat. 47 24 N. |
GERISAU, a village of Swifferland, on
the w-fide-of the lake of Schweitz, at the
foot of the Rigi. Jt is a republic, the
fmallett-in Europe, Its territory is two
leagues inilength and one in breadth. Tt
containg 1200 inhabitants,;who have their
general aflembly of burgefles, their lan.
damman,' council of regency, courts of
juftice, and militia. Gerifau ts compofed
entirely of featteréd” howles andcottages,
of a very neat and piéturéfqué appear-
ance. ‘ ‘The inhabitanés are’ much em-*
ployed’ jn preparing “fille for the manu-
taétures at Bafle. “This republic is under
the protection of the ¢antons of Lucern,’
Uri, -Schweitz, ‘and! Underwalden ; “and,
in. cafe of way,’ furnithesits quota of
men, Gertiaais:re miles sw of Schweitz.
‘GERMAIN, St, a:towriof France; in
the department of Seine-and ‘Oife and late
provinice of the Ide‘of Pratiees with a mag=
nificent palace, embellithed by feverdf
Kings, particularly Lewis iv, who wag
born in it! Here“James 11-found am afy-
hin, wher he-fled- to’ Pranee, It is
feated on the Seine, near’ fine foreft, 10°
miles NW of Parjs. Lowe 1's £, lat.48 sone
GERMAIN’S; StT- a-borergh in Corn-
wall, with a mirket on Friday.. It was
onée the largett town in the county, and
acbifhop’s fee. What femaing of the ca-
thedyal js ufed as the-parifh church ; and
near it is the priory: « ‘Phe town is now
mean, conhiting chiefly ‘of fithermen’s
cottages, but is governed by a mayoy,
and’ tends two members to parliament.
Te ftands near the fea, 10 miles w of Ply-
mouth, ‘and 22g w by s of London.
Lon. 4 24 w, lat. g0 22 N.
Gepmain Lava, Sr. a town of
France, in the department of Rhone and
Loire and late province of Forez, re-
markable for excellent wine. It is 18
miles s of Roanne, and 225 sé of Paris.
Lon. 4:2 E, lat. 45 so-N.
» GERMANO, Sr. a town of Naples, in
Terra di Lavora, at the foot of Mount
Catlano, and belonging to. an abbey on
the top of that mount. Lon. 13 59 EF,
lat. 41 13.N.
_ GERMANY, a country of Europe, 640
miles in length, and §s50 in breadth ;
bounded on the & by Hungary and Pex
fe pro-
cattle:
Ss very
1, five
with a
ar the
ermo,
nd,’ on
at the
c, the
Ss two
. Tt
their
r Jan.
‘ts of
poled
APES,
yppear~
em-*
hans’
indér
icern,”
and,’
ta of
reitz.
e5 in
t late
mage
vera}
) was!
afy-
t is
? 10
2Na
orn-
was
and
A
GER
land, on the wn’ by the Baltic Sea and
Denmark, on the w by France and the
the Netherlands, and on the s by the
Alps, Swifferland, and Italy. It containg
a great many princes, fecular and eccle-
fialtic, who are independent of each other ;
and there are a great number of free im-.
perial cities, which aré fo many little re-
publics, governed by their own laws, and”
united by a head, who has the title of em-_
peror, The weftern Roman empire,
which had terminated in the year 4.75, in.
the perfon of Auguftulus, the laft Roman
emperor, and which was fucc¢eded by the,
reign of the Huns, the Oftrogoths, and’
the Lombards, was teyived’ by Charle-
magne, king of France, on Chriftmas
Day, in the year 809. This prince being
then at Rome, pope Leo 111-crownled him
emperor, in St. Peter's church, amid the
acclamations of the’clergy.and the people.
Nicephorus, who was, at that timte, em-
peror of the Eaft, confented to this coro-
nation. After the death of Charlemagne,
and of Lewis le Debonnaire, his’ fon ard
fucceffor, thé empire was divided Between
the four fons of the latter. Lothartfo,
the firft, was emperor; Pepin, was king
of Aquitaine; Léwis, king of Germany ;
and Charles le Chauve, king of France.
This partition was the fource of inceffant
feuds. The French kept the empire
under eight emperors, till the year 912,
when Lewis 111, the laft prince of the line
of Charlemagne, died without iffue male,
Conrad, count of Franconia, the fon-in-
law of Lewis, was then eleCted emperor.
Thus the empire went’ to the Germans,
and became elective; for it had been he-
reditary under the French. emperors.
The emperor was'chofen by the princes,
the lords, and the deputies of cities, till
toward the end of the 13th century, when
the number of thg elef&tors was fixed.
Rodolphus, count of Hapfburg, was elect-
ed emperor in 1273. He is the head of
the houfe of Auftria, which is defeended
from the fame {tock as the houfe of Lor-
rain, reunited to it in the perfon of
Francis 1, father of the two late emperors,
Jofeph and Leopold, On the death’ of
Charles v1, of Auftria, in 1740, an em-
peror was chofen from the houfe of Ba-
varia, by the name of Charles vir. On
the death of this prince, in 174'5, the
abovementioned Francis, grand duke of
Tuftany, was elected” emperor ;~ whofe
grandfon, Francis, now enjoys the immpe*
rial dignity.’ At the’ clofe of the, Saxon
race, in*ro24, the prerogatives of the
emperor were very confiderable; but, ih
1457, they were reduced to the right of
GER
conferring alt dignities and titles, except
the privilege of ‘being a ftate of the em-
pire ; of appointing once during their’
reigni'a‘dignitary in‘each chapter, or re-
ligioys houft; of granting difpenfations
with refpest to the age of majority; of
ere€ting citi¢s, ang, conferring the brivit
lege of coining money ; of calling the
meetings of ‘the diet, and aaeae in
them: to thefe fone have added, that al]’
the princes and ftates of Germany are,
obliged to fwear fidelity to them; that
they, or their generals, havea right tq’
command the" forces of ‘all the pringes of
the. empire, ‘when unjted together; and’
that they receive a kind of tribute, called:
the Roman Month, from all the princes
and {tates of the empire, for carrying on
a war which ‘concerns the whole empire,
Bat; ‘after all, there is not a foot of land
annexed to this title ; for, ever fince the
reign of Charles rv, the emperors ‘have
depended entirely on their hereditary
dominions, as the only fource ‘of ‘their
power, and even of theiy fubfiftence, The
electors of the empire are three ecclefi-
aftical, namely, the archbifhops of Treves,
Cologne, and Mentz; and’ five fecular,
namely, the king of:Pruffia, as elector
of Brandenburg ; the’ king of Great Bri-
tain, as‘eleCtor of Hanover; the emperor,
as king of Bohemia; the elector ot Sax-
ony, and the elector palatine of the
Rhine. - ‘To prevent ‘the calamities’ ofa
contefted eleétion, a king of the Romans
has ‘been often chofen in the lifetime of
the emperor, on whofe death: he fucceeds
to the imperial dignity of courfe. The
emperor (who is always eleéted and
crowned at Francfort on the Maine) af.
fumes the titles of auguft, of Ce‘ar, and
of facred majefty. Although he is chief
of the empire, the fupreme authority re-
fides in the diets, which are compofed of
three colleges; the firft, that of the elec-
tors; the fecond, that of the princes; and
the third, that af the imperial towns.
The diets have the mower of making
peace or war, of fettiing general impo-
fitions, and of regulating all the impor-
tant affairs of the empire; but their de-
cifions have not the force of law till the
emperor gives his confent. All the f9-
vereigns ‘of Germany have an abfoluts
authority in their own dominions, ‘and
can lay taxes, levy troops, and: make al-
‘liances, provided they do not pfejudice
‘the ‘empire. They determine all civil
cates definitively; unlefs. in fome ‘pars
ticular cafes, in which an appeal may be
made. -Thefe appeals are to two courts,
called the Imperial Chamber, at Wetzlar ;
ae
Sn aoe ak ie a8 in a ep PO «ca ee on it Smet ae nn ee en on
xs ORE RD IAL OE 9 BEE IE TOES I i er ie Ny i i a ag ng A ART OS Centon RET E89 in MR BE a ar pes CI
ESE = : pia i ea anae ENO ai oe ~ uv Se. tel cle oes Te aaontapabeae Ges i ,
aa ES 5
pa a gee mami is utectcatiaiag Si a eS ae i RE Se a an ss se
Se ee =
GEY
and the Aulic Council, at Vienna.. The
three principal religions are, the Roman
catholic, the Lutheran, and the Calvi-
nift; .bat Chriftians of all, denomina.-.
tions are tolerated, and there is a, mul-; Claude,; between the Rhone, the lake of
GHE
Gever, or Gower. See Goar, St.
GeEx, a town of France, in the de-
artment of Ain and late province of
reffe, feated at the foot of Mount St,
titude, of Jews in all the great. tawns,, Geneva, and Swiflerland.. It. is noted
The principal rivers of Germany, are,, for excellent cheefe ; and is 10 miles’
the Danube, Rhine, Elhe, Weiler, Maine,
and Oder. . Germany is divided into nine
circles, namely, Aufiria, Bavaria, Suabia,
Franconia, Upper and Lower Rhine,
Weftphalia, at
fiates; the princes, prelates, and counts
of which, wath the deputies of the impe-.
rial towns, meet, together;, about, their
cpnunon affairs. The language of Ger-
many,is a dialect of the Teutonic, which
duceeeded that called the Celtic.
, GERMERSHELM,: a town of Germanyy
in the palatinate of. the Rhine, fituate.
near the Rhine, five miles w of Philipf-
ROYBA i udt ea oe gis bobs
‘ GERS, a department, of France, which
includes the late ‘provinces. of Gafcony
and Armagnac. . It has. its name from a
river that waters Auch and Le<toure, and
falls,.into the Garonne, abave Agen,
uch is the capital... ;
_ GERTRUDENBURG, an ancient. town,
of Dutch Brabant, one of the: principal
bulwarks .of ‘the Dutch. Jt has.a good
hasbour on. the Maetfe,, which: here ex-
pands into. a. large. lake, called. Bies
Bofch, It has been often taken, the lat
time by the. French in 1795. , It is 10
miles N of Breda, Lon.g 52 E, lat. 52
' GERUMENUI, an ancient, town.of Por-
tugal, in Alentejo, with a ftrong caitle ;
but was taken, in 1662, by the Spaniards.
It is feated ona hill, near the river Gua-
diana, 18 miles below Badajoz.
GESEKE, a tewn of Wettphalia, feated
on the Weyck, eight miles from Lippe.
GeESTRIKE. a province of Sweden,
hounded on the Nn. bv Helfingia, on the
E by the gulf of Bothnia, on the s by
Upland, and on the w by Dalecarlia, It
is diverfified by forefts, rocks, hills and
dales, pafture and arable land, lakes and
rivers; and thefe beauties are much height-
ened by the Dam, the fineft river in Swve-
' den, which meanders through the whole
extent of the province.
GEvauDAN, a late territory of France,
in Languedoc, bounded on the N by Au-
vergne, on the w by Rouergue, on the
s by the Cevennes, and on the £ by Ve-
Jay. It is a mountainous, barren coun-
try ; and now torms the department of
Lozere.
\ Upper and; Lower Sax-.
ony: each af thefe includes, feveral other
Nw of Geneva. Lon. 6 1 £, lat, 46
20N. , ' .
- Gezira, a town of Diarbeck, in an
ifland formed by the Tigris, 70 miles
wid of Mouful.. Lon. 40 50 8, lat. 36
No ¥ ,
4 GHANAH, or GHINNAH, a town of
Cafhna, feated between a lake and the
river Niger, which is here called Neel-il-.
Abeed, or the Nile of the Negroes.’ It is
go miles, NE of the city of Cafhna, and.
208 § of Agadez. Lon. 13 32 8, lat,,
5.55 Na oo:
Guent, the capital of Auftrian Flan-
ders, and, a. bifhop’s fee, It contains
79,000 inhabitants ;, but is not populous
in . proportion to its extent. Here are
feveral \ filk; and woollen manufactures,
which are in a flourifhing condition, and
it has,a.great trade in corn. . The cathe-,
dral is a noble ancient ftruéture, dedi-,
cated to St. Buyon: befide this, there are
only fix parochial churches.. The Bene-
diétine abhey of St. Peter is a magnifi-
cent edifice; in which, as well as in the
churches, are fome capital paintings by.
the belt mafters, The emperor Charles v
was born hexe; but the inhabitants have
ho reafon to refpeét his pipnery ; for,
having repeatedly loaded them with heavy
exactions, they revolted, in1539. Being
reduced by the emperor, he treated the
vanquithed citizens with the greateft ri-
four and built a citadel to awe them.
ere, in 1576, was concluded the famous
treaty, called the Pacification of Ghent,
the firft commencement of the feparation
of feyen provinces from the feventeen
which then formed the Auftrian Nether-
lands.. Ghent has been often taken ; the
laft time, by the French, in 1794, The
city is cut by many canals, which divide
it into 26 ifles, and over the canals are
300 bridges. It has alfo two navigable
canals; the one to Sas van Ghent, the
other to Bruges and Oftend. It is feated
at the confluence of the Scheld, Lis,
Lieve, and Moeze, 26 miles nw of Bruf-
fels. Lon. 3 49 E, lat. 51 3 N.
GHERGONG, a city of Afia, capital
of the kingdom af Afflam. It is feated
on a river which runs, in a fhort diftance,
into the Burrampooter,. 400 miles NE of
Calcutta, Lon. 93 15 Fy lat. 25 55 Ne
GHERIAH, a town of the peninfula of
PARQ er epee
aa
LE SRT
8
CORLL S
GIB GIN
Hindooftan, on that part of the w fide on the 13th of September 1782, on the
called the Pirate Coaft. It was the'ca- fathure of the grand attack made by the
pital of Angria, a famous piratical prince, Spantards, ‘whofe dreadful floating bat-
whofe fort here was taken, and his whole teries were deftroyed by redhot-ftist from
fleet deftroyed, in 1756, by the Englith the garrifon. The governot, general
and Mahrattas. It is'295 miles s by g Eliott, whofe defence was the-admiration
of Bombay. Lon. 73 88, lat.17 59N. of all Europe, was created, in 1787,a
GHILAN, a province of Perfia, on the peer of Great Britain, by the title of
sw fide of the Cafpian Sea; fuppofed to baron Heathfield of Gibraltar; an anm-
be the Hyrcania of the ancients. It is ity of 1200]. a year was {ettled on him-
very agreeably fituate, having the fea on {elf and two lives; and in his arms he
one fide, and high mountains on the other; ‘was allowed to bear thofe of Gibraltar.
and there is no entering it but ‘through The garrifon here are cooped up in a
narro'v paffts, which may be eafily de- very narrow compats, and have no pro-
fended. ‘The fides of the mountains are vifions but what are brought from Bar-
covered with many jorts of fruit-trees; bary and England. ©The ftrait of Gib-
and in'the higheft parts ‘of chem’ are deer, raltar is 24 miles in length, and 15 in
bears, wolves, leopards, ‘and tigers. It breadth, and a ttrong current always runs
is one of the moft fruitful provinces of through it from the Atlantic to the Me-
Perfia, and produces abundance of filk, diterranean. Gibraltar’ is 25 miles N of
oil, wine, rice, tobacco, and excellent Ceuta, and 45 se of Cadiz. Lon. 5
fruits. The inhabitants are brave: and 17 W, lat. 36 6'N.
the women are accounted:extremely hand- G18N, a town of France, in the de-
fome. Refht is the capital. partment of Loiret and Jate province of
GuiLan, St. a. town of France, in Crleanois, feated on the Loire, 76 miles
the department of the North and late pro- ‘Sz of Paris. Lon. 2 43 £, lat..47 34.N.
vince of French Hainault, feated on the | GIENzOR, a town of Barbary, in
Haina, five miles w of Mons, Lon. 3 Tripoli,1o miles from the town of Tripoli.
53 E, lat. 50 28 N. GIERACE, an epifcopal town of Na-~-
GIBRALTAR, ‘a town of. Spain, in An- ples, in Calabria Ulteriore, feated on a
dalufia, near a mountain of the fame mountain, near the fea, 32 miles Ng of
name, formerly called Calpe, which, with Reggio. Lon. 16 40 £, lat. 38 13.N.
Abyla, on the oppofite fhore of Africa, | GIESEN, a town of Germany, in the
were called the Pillars of Hercules, Ta- landgravate of Hefle-Caffel, with a caftle
rick, a general of the Moors, built a for: anda univerfity.. It ‘belongs to the houfe
trefs here, which he called Gibel-Tarick, of Darmftadt, and furrendered to the
that'is, Mount Tarick. Since that time French in 1796, but was taken by the
a town has been built at the foot of this Auftrians on the r1th of September. I¢
rock, which is ftrongly fortified. It is feated on the Lohn, 16 miles wsw ot
can be approached only ‘by a narrow Marpurg. Lon. 8 41 8, lat. 50 30 N.
paflage between the mountain and the GiGa, a {mall ifland on thé w ‘coaft
fea, acrofs which the Spaniards have of Scotland, between the ifle of Skye and
drawn a line, and fortified it, to prevent the peninfula of Cantyre, in Argylethire,
the garrifon from having any communi- in which county it is included. ' The in-
cation with the country, It was for- habitants annually export a confiderable
merly thought to be impregnable; but, quantity of grain. t
in 1704, it was taken by the confederate GIGLio, a {mall ifland on the coaft of
fleet, commanded by fir George Rooke, Tufcany, with a caftle. It makes part
The Spaniards attempted to retake it the of the {tate of Sienna, and is 15 miles w of
following year, and 500 of them crept PortoHercole. Lon. 11 16g, lat.q2 1N.
up the rock in the nighttime, but were GILOLO, a large ifland, with a town
driven down. headlong in the morning. of the fame name, in the Archipelago of
In 1727, the Spaniards befieged it again, the Moluccas. It does not produce any
and attempted to blowup the rock, which fine fpices, though it lies near the Spice
they found impraéticable, and were obliged Iflands; but it has a great deal of rice.
to raife the fiege. In the laft war, it ‘The inhabitants are fierce‘and cruel. It
underwent a fiege, which laftéd from the is feated under the line, in lon. 130 0 &.
16th of July 1779, to the beginning | GuiNGeEN,a frée imperial town of Suabia,
of February 1783, when the fiege was 26 miles N of Ulm. Lon. ro 138, lat.
finally raifed, on advice being received 48 39 N. aig :
that the preliminaries of peace werefigney; | GINGEE, a large'and populous town
but it may be confidered as: terminate m on the coaft of Coromandel, It is ftrong
org
Sein SUNG ap ss sate. . m 7
STE eR RNa mee Cote wea eh Le eS a ea en
: 7 om - .
PR Aa SE et aha
ea ak
sae si
aig
Pate ee eho
— | ia aeatn
fi, >
H
Payee es
A
G18
- both by art.and nature, being feated on
a mountain, whofe top is divided into
three points, on each ot which is a cattle.
The Great Mogul, in 1690, began a fiege,
which continued three years, to no pur-
fe. Ut is 33 miles.w of Pondicherry.
on. 79 25 E, lat. 11 42 Ne
Gioppa, or GippaH, a feaport of
Arabia, on the Red Sea. It is the port
of Mecca, and carries on a great trade.
Lon: 39 27 83 lat. 21 30 N.
G10VANAZZO, a town of Naples, in
Terra di Bari, feated on a mountain,
near the fea, 10 miles nw of Bari, Lon.
16 50 Ey lat. 41 26 N.
Grirest, a large town of Perfia, in
Kerman. Its trade confifts in wheat and
dates. Lon. 57 55 E, lat. 27 30 .N.
GIRONDE, a department of France,
which includes: part of the late province
of Guienne. It lics on both fides of the
Garonne, and has its name trom the part
of that river, which, below its junétion
with the Dordogne, is called the Gironde.
Bourdeaux is the capital.
GIRONNA, an ancient and ftrong town
of Spain, in Catalonia, with a bishop's
fee. It is feated on a hill, on the fide
of the river Onhal, 45 miles NE of Barce-
lona. Lon. 2 52, lat. 42 oN.
_ Grron, St. a town of France, in the
departinent of Arriege and late province of
Coulerans, feated on the Sarat, three miles
s of St. Lifer. Lon. 1 168, lat. 42 53.N.
Girvan, a village in Ayrfhire, at the
mouth of a river of the fame name, al-
moft oppofite the rock of Ailfa. Here
are fome manufactures ; particularly in
the tanning of leather, and the making
ef thoes and boots. It is 16 miles s by
w of Ayr.
GISBOROUGH, a town in the N riding
of Yorkthire, with a market on Monday.
It is noted tor being the firft place where
alum was made, as it was formerly for
its abbey. It is four miles from the
anouth of the ‘Tees, 22 Nw of Whitby,
and 247 N by w of London. Lon. o
55 Wy lat. 54 35 N.
GisBURN, a town in the w riding of
Yorkfhire, with a market on Monday, 60
* miles w of York, and 219 NNW of Lon-
don. Lon, 2 22 w, lat. 53 55 N.
Grsors, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Eure and late province of
Normandy. It belonged to the famous
marfial Belleifle,. whofe only fon, the
count de Gifors, being killed at the bat-
tle of Creveldt, in 1758, the marfhal, at
his own death, in 1761, prefented it to
Lewis xv. It is feated on the Ept, 28
mutles SB of Rouen. Lon.s 43 £, lat.4g 15 Ne
GLA
GiveT, a fortified town in the bi-
thopric of Liege, divided in two by the
river Maele, 21 miles sw of Namur,
Lon. 4 34 £, lat. 50 13 N.
Givira, a town of Italy, in the Mi-
lanefe, feated on a lake ef the fame name,
eight miles from Anghiera.
GiuLa, a ftrong town of Upper Han-
gary, on the frontiers of Tran{ylvania.
It was taken by the Turks in 1566, and
retaken in 1695. It is feated on the Ke-
refblan, 30 miles sw of Great Waradin,
Lon: 20 40 £, lat. 46 40 N.
: GiuLa Nuova, a town of Naples,
in Abruzzo Ulteriore, feated on the gulf
of Venice. ,
GIuLIANA, a town of Sicily, on a
eraggy rock, r2 miles NNxE of Xacca, and
30 ssw of Palermo,
__ GIUSTANDEL, a large town of Mace-
donia, with a Greek archbifhop'’s fee,
feated near Lake Ochriday,60 miles SE of
Durazzo. Lon. 20 36£, lat.41 40 N.
GLACIERS, aname given to {ome very
extenfive fields of ice among the Alps of
Swifferland. Thefe glaciers may be di-
vided into two forts: the firft, occupy-
ing the deep vallies fituate in the bofom
ot the Alps, is termed by the natives
Valley of Ice, but Mr. Coxe calls them
the Lower Glaciers; the fecond, which
clothe the fummits and fides of the moun-
tains, he calls the Upper Glaciers. The
Lower Glaciers are by far the moft ¢on-
fiderable in extent and depth. Some
ftretch feveral leagues in length: that of
des Bois, in particular, is more than 15
miles long, and above three in its greateit
breadth. They are bordered at the
higher extremity by inacceflible rocks,
and on the other extend into the culti-
vated vallies. The thicknefs of the ice
varies in different parts. M. de Sauffure
found its general depth in the glacier des
Bois trom 80 to-r00 feet ; but queftions
not the information of thofe who afflert,
that, in fome places, its thicknefs exceeds
even 600 feet. TFhefe immense fields of
ice ufually reit on an inclined plane.
Being pufhed forward by the preffure of
their own weight, and but weakly fup-
ported by the rugged rocks beneath, they
are interiected by large tran{verfe chafms ;
and prefent the appearance of walls, py.
ramids, and other fantaitic fhapes, ob-
ferved at all heights and in all fituations,
wherever the declivity exceeds 30 or 40 de-
grees. But in thofe parts, where the plane
on which they reft is horizontal, ‘or only
gently inclined, the furface of the ice is
nearly uniform; the chafms are but few
and narrow, and the traveller crofles on
=.
RE
GLA
foot, without much difficulty. -The fur-
face of tle ice is not fo flippery as that
of frozen ponds or rivers; it is rough and
granulated, and is. only dangerous to the
patlenger ‘a fteep-deicents: it is not trani-
parent, is extremely porous and_ full of
fmall bubbles, which feldom exceed the
fize of a pea, .and confequently is not: fo
compact as common ice. ‘The Upper
Glaciers may be fubdivided into thofe
which cover the {umnmnits, and thofe which
extend along the fides of the Alps.
Thofe which cover the tummits, owe their
erigin to the fhow that falls at all feafons
ef the year, and which remains nearly
in its original ftate, being congealed into
a hard fubitance, and not converted into
ice. The fubitance which clothes the
fides of the Alps is neither pure fhow
like that of the jummits, nor ice which
torms the Lower. Glaciers, but is an al-
femblage of both: it contains leis fnow
than the fummits, becaufe the fummer
heat has more power to diffolve it; and
more {now than the Lower Glaciers, be-
caufe the diffolution of the fnow is com-
paratively lefler.. In a word, there is.a
regular gradation trom the {now on the
fummits to the ice of the Lower Glaciers,
formed by the intermediate mixture of
fnow and ice, which becomes more com-
pact and lefs porous in proportion as it
approaches the Lower Glaciers, until it
Junites and affimilates with them.
GLAMORGANSHIRE, a county of S
Wales, 48 miles long and 26 broad;
bounded on the n by Carmarthenshire
and Brecknockfhire, on the — by Mon-
mouthfhire, and on the s and w by
the Briftol Channel. It lies in the dio-
cele of Landaff; contains 10 hundreds,
ene city, eight market-towns, and. 118
panne s and fends two members to, par-
iament. On the N fidv, where “it is
mountainous,. the air is fharp; but the
country being mose level on the s fide,
it is there milder, and bears, large crops
of corn, with very fweet grails; whence
it is called the Garden of Wales. - Cattle
abound in all parts, there being fruitful
GLA
‘thent where Malcolm a1-was affaffinated,
i) 19346
GLANDFOR OBRIDGE;. or Bricc, 2
town in Lincolnfhire, with. a market ox
Thurfday ; feated on the Ankam, which
is noted for fine cels, and. has been lately
made navigable for floops to the Hum-
ber. It is 23 miles’ N of Lincoln, and
156 N by w of London. Lon. 23 w,
lat. 53 35 Ne
GLarus, a canton of Swiflerland,
bounded on the & by the Grifons; on the
_§ by the fame, the canton of Uri, and that
of Schweitz; and on the N by the viver
Linth, It is a mountainous country:;
and the chief trade is in cattle, cheef,
and butter. ‘The government is deme-
cratic: every. perion of the age of 16 has
a vote in the General Affembly, which
is held annually in an open plain. This:
-
vallies among the mountains, that yield .
Very good palture. Its other commodi-
ties are lead, coal, iron, and limeftone.
Its principal rivers are the Rumney,
Taate, Elwy, Neath, and. Tawy. Car-
diff is the principal town, and Swanfey
the moft commercial; but. the, aflizes are
held at Cowbridge. See Gower.
GLammlis, a village in the sw, part
of Angusfhire. Near it is Glammis
caftle, the ancient feat of the eqrl of
Strathmore, in which is Shown the apart-
affembly ratifies new laws, lays contribu-
tions, enters into alliances, declares war,
and makes peace... The landamman is
the chief of the republic; and is chofen
alternately from among the proteftants
and the catholics ; the former remaining
three years: in office, the. latter only twe.
Both feés dive together in the greateft
harmony: in feveral parts, they fucced-
lively perform divine fervice in tue fame
church 5; and all the offices of {tate ane
amicably adminiftered by both. The ex-
ecutive power is in a council of regency,
compofed of 48 proteftants and 15 ca-
tholics; eath fect has its particular court
of juttice; and it is neceflary, in all
lawfuits between perions of different re-
ligions, that the perfon having the catting
voice among the five or nine judges, who
are to determine the caule, fhould be of
the fame religion as the defendant, Gla-
rus is furrounded. by the Alps, ,except
toward the nN; and there is no other en-
trance but through this opening, which
lies between the lake of Wallenitadt and
the mountains {eparating this canton from
that of Schweitz.
Guarus, a large town of Swiflerland,
capital of a canton of the fame name,
and teated on the river Linth, 32 miles
sE of Zuric. Lon.g 18,‘ lat. 46 56 N.)
GLascow, a city in Lanerkhire,
which, from its extent, and from the
beauty and regularity of its buildings,
may be efteemed the fecond city in. Scot-
land... It is ‘cated on the n fide of :the
Clyde, over which are two bridges 5 one
of them an eleg2nt. modern one of) feven
arches, 500 feet long, and 32 wide; ig
was completed in 1772.: ‘The ftreets are
clean, and well paved.;. and jeveral of
thet, jnienecting each other at rignt an-
Fee hoa
Pais eg ee
EF aa NEw ah Pieneel reo ar tinpsseeans iin Sportster tel = Tear Ran ea
Sorat >
me
ee NS
pam. SO
fee Sa
GLA
angles, produce a very agreeable effe&.
a principal Geese which inter-
feé&t each other at right angles, divide
the city nearly into four equal pafts; and
the different views of them from the crofs,
or centre of interfeGion, have an air of
magnificence. Glafgow was once an ar-
chiepiicopal fee. ‘The cathedral, or High
Church, is a magnificent {trufture, and
contains three places of worfhip. St. An-
drew’s is the fineft piece of modern archi-
tecture in the city. The Tron Church,
with the feilion-houte at the w end of it,
which had been, tor {ome time, occupied
‘as a guard-houle by the town-guard, was
deftroyed by a fire that broke out in the
jatter buildmg, in 1793. There are four
other churches, befide an Englifh chapel,
an Highland church, and many places
of worhhip for different denominations.
‘There are feveral ‘charitable e(tablith-
ments; particularly the Merchant's Hof-
pital, and that of the town. Here is
a celebrated univerfity; the fingle college
belonging to which is an clegant build-
ing. A coniiderable trade was formerly
carried on in Glafgow, in tobacco and
rum; but it has been lately on the decline.
Here are cotton manufactures that rival
thefe of Manchefter in cheapnefs and ele-
gances and a pottery that emulates in
cauty the Staffordfhire ware. The print-
ing types caft here, have been long dif-
tinguifhed for their neatnefs and regula-
rity; and the glafs manufacture has been
very fuccefstul. The inhabitants of Glat-
gow, and its {uburbs, are computed to
be 60,000. It has the advantage of two
canals, befide the Great Canal that joins
the Clyde to the Forth; and is 15 miles
ESE of Dumbarton; and 45 w of Edin-
burgh. Lon. 4 2 Ww, lat. 55 52 N.
GuiasGcow, PorT, a town in Ren-
frewfhire, on the s fide of the Clyde,
erected, in 1710, to ferve as the feaport
otf the city of Glafgow, whole magif-
trates appoint a bailiff for the govern-
ment of it. It has an excellent harbour,
with a noble pier ; but ftill moft of the
fhips that trade tothe W Indies, fail from
Greenock, and return to that port. The
herring fifheries,. in thé frith of Clyde,
‘form. a confiderable part of its trade.
This port is fituate 21 miles w by N of
Glafgow.
GLASTONBURY, a town in Somerfet-
fhire, with a market on Tuefday. It is
feated near a high hill, called the Tor,
and is famous tor an abbey, fome ruins
of which ftill remain ; particularly the
curious ftru&ture, called the abbot’s
kitchen, which is entire, and of a very un-
GLE
ufual contrivance. The George Inn was
formerly called the Abbot’s Inn; becanfe
it was a receptacle for the pilgrims that
came to the abbey, and to fee the holy
thorn, which, it was pretended, was
yi by Jofeph of Arimathea, and
flomed on Chriftmas eve.’ It was alfo
pretended, that the -bodies of Jofeph of
Arimathea, of king Arthur, and of Eda
ward the Confeffor, were buried herc.
The lait abbot of this place was hanged
on the top of the Tor, f order of Henry
vil, for not acknowledging his fupre-
macy; and on this hill is a tower, which
cominands an extenfive profpect, and
ferves as a landmark to feamen. Glaf-
tonbury has two churches, and a manu-
facture of ftockings. It is fix miles sw
of Wells, nud 129 w by s of London.
Lon. 2 40 W, lat. 51 8 N.
Guatz, a county of Germany, feated
between Silefia, Bohemia, and Moravia ;
and furrounded by mountains, which ren-
der it very difficult of accefs. It is 38
miles long, and 23 broad. It has mines
of coal, copper, and iron, good quarries
of marble and ftone, and fine fprings of
mineral waters. In 1742, it was ceded
to the king of Pruffia, by the queen of
Hungary.
GLAaTz, the capital of the county of
Glatz, in Germany, feated on the decli-
vity of a hill, by the river Neiffe. On
the top of the hill is an ancient cattle;
and the Pruffians have not my greatly
augmented ‘and improved it, but have
built a new citadel. In 1742, the Pruf-
fians took the town by capitulation; and
in 5760, the Auftrians took it by ftorm,
but reftored it in 1763. It is 48 miles
ssE of Breflaw, and’ 82 ENE of Prague.
Lon. 16 50 £, lat. 50 25°Ns
GLENCOE, VALE OF, a valley, near
the héad of Loch Etive, in Argylethire ;
noted for a cruel maffacre of its inha-
bitants in 1691. ' William m1, havin
offered a general amnefty to the High-
landers who had been in arms for James
11, provided they accepted it before the
firft of January, on pain of military exe-
cution. after that period ; the laird of
Glencoe, on the laft day of December,
went to Fort William, the governor of
which referred him to-a civil officer. This
made it the’ firft of January before he
could reach Inverary, where he furren-
dered’ to the theriff,who, “however, ac-
cepted ‘his fubmiffion, in confideration of
his offer to furrender the day before.
The laird having taken the oaths, returned
to Glencoe, in full affurance of fafety';
notwithftanding which, he, and his whole
nn was
becanfe
ms that
ie holy
|, was
a, and
yas alfo
feph of
of Eda
i here.
hanged
r Henry
_ fupre- i
» which
t, and
Glaf-
manu-
iles sw
.ondon.
'» feated
loravia ;
ich ren-
tis 33
is mines
quarries
rings of
is ceded
jucen of
unty of
ie decli-
e. On
cattle ;
greatly
t have
e Pruf-
bn; and
y {torm,
8 miles
Prague.
VY, near
lefhire ;
s inha-
havin
Hight
James
ore the
exe-
Nd of
mber,
or of
This
pre he
urren-
T, ac-
ion of
before.
urned
whole
GLO
clan, were butchered, on the 15th of
February, and all the houfes in the valley
were burnt.
GLencroy, VALE OF, a wild and
romantic traét, near the Ng extremity of
Loch Loung, in Argylefhire. The two
ranges of mountains, which overhang this
valley, approach each other, and between
thefe the traveller is immured. Their
ftupendous height, and the roaring of nu-
merous cataraéts, that pour over their
broken furface, produce an awful effect.
GLENLUCE, a town in Wigtonthire,
feated on the river Luce, near its entrance
into the bay of that name. It is 16 miles
w by s of Wigton.
GLENSHEE, SPITAL OF, a noted pals
of the Grampian mountains, in Scotland,
a little s of the point where the counties
of Perth, Angus, and Aberdeen meet.
In 1718, a fimall body of Highlanders,
with 300 Spaniards, took poffeffion of
this pafs: but, at the approach ot the
king’s forces, they retired to the pafs at
Strachell. They were driven from one
eminence to another till night, when the
Highlanders difperfed; and, the next day,
the Spaniards {urrendered prifoners of
war.
GLOUCESTER, a city in Gloucefter-
fhire, with a market on Wedneiday and
Saturday. | It is fezted on the £ fide of
the Severn, where, by two ftreams, ‘it
makes the ifie, of Alney. Is is large,
and well inhaBited ; aud its four prin-
cipal ftreets are admired for the regularity
of their junction in the centre of the
town. It once contained 11 churches,
‘ but now has only five, befide the cathe-
dral of St. Peter, whieh is remarkable
for its large cloifter and, whifpering gal-
lery, and ‘for the tombs of Robert duke
of Normandy, eldeft fon of William the
Conqueror, and the unfortunate Edward 1,
It has five hofpitals, two freeichools, and
a new county goal; and was fortified
with a wall, which Charles U1, after the
reftoration, ordered to be demolifhed.
Gloucefter is a county of itielf, governed
by a mayor, and tends two members to
parliament. Great quantities of pins are
made here; and there are 12 incorporated
trading companies. Ships come up by
the Severn, over which is a ftone bridge,
and there is a quay, a wharf, and a cul-
tomhoule. It is 24. miles NE of Briftol,
and 106 w by N of London. Lon, 2
46 w, lat. 51 50 N.
GLOUCESTERSHIRE, a county of
England, 60 miles in length, and 26 in
breadth; bounded on the w by Heretord-
fhire and Monmeuthfhire, on the nN by
GNE
Worcefterfhire, on the BE by Warwick-
fhire and Oxfordfhire, and on the s by
Wilthhire and Somerfethhire. It contains
13 hundreds, one city, 27 market-towns,
and 218 parifhes; and fends eight mem-
bers to parliament. ‘The air is healthy
throughout; fharp in the B, or hilly part,
which contains the Cotefwold Hills ; but
as mild in the rich vale of Severn, which
occupies the centre. The w part, which
is by much the finalleft diftrié, is varied
by hill and dale, and is chiefly occupied
by tie foreft of Dean. The flaple com-
modities of the county are its woollen
cloth and cheefe. Its principal rivers are
the Severn, the Warwickshire Avon, the
Lower Avon, the Wye, ‘Thames, Coln,
and Lech. See CoreswoLtp; Dean,
Forest OF; EVESHAM, VALE OF; and
SEVERN, VALE OF.
GLOGAW, a town of Silefia, capital of
a principality of the fame name, and
well fortified on the fide of Poland. It
has a caftle, with a tower, in which f{e-
veral counfellors were condemned by
duke John, in 1498, to perifh with hun-
ger. Befide the papifts, there is a great
number of proteftants and Jews. It was
taken by aflault, by the king of Pruffia,’
in 1741. After the peace, in 1742, that
king fettled the fupreme court of jultice
here, it being, next to Breflaw, the moft
populous place in Cilefia, It is feated on
the river Oder, 50 miles Nw of Breflaw,
and 115 NE of Prague. Lon. 16 13
lat. 51 40 N.
GLomMg, a river of the province of
Aggerhuys, in S Norway, which flows
into the North Sea, at Fredericltadt. It
receives the river Worme, which iffues
from Lake Mios. It is not navigable in
any part of its courfe from this lake to
Fredericftadt, its ftream being intercepted
by fuch frequent cataracts and fhoals, as,
in fome places, to render it neceffary to
drag the trees, which are floated down,
over the ground. At leaft 50,000 trees
are annually floated by this river to Fre-
dericttadt. _
GLUCKSTADT, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Holftein, with a
ftrong caftle. It is feated on the Elbe,
near its mouth, 30 miles Nw c! Ham-
burg, and 55 N of Bremen. Lon. 9
15 E, lat. 53 53,.N.
Gneswa, a city of Great Poland, of
which it is the capital, with an. arch-
bifhop’s fee, whofe prelate is primate of
Poland, and viceroy during the vacancy
of the throne. It was the firit town built
in the kingdom, and formerly more con-
fidgvable than at prefent. It is 90 miles
Q
. GOC
w by £ of Breflaw, and 125 w of War-
faw. Lon. 17 40 £, lat. 52 28 N.
Goa, a confiderable city on the coaft
of Malabar; the capital of the Portu-
guefe (ettléments in- India, and the feat
of aviceroy. It ftands in an ifland, 22
miles in length, and fix in breadth; and
is built on the N fide of it, having the
conveniency of a fine river, capable of
receiving ‘fhips-of the greateft burden,
where they lie within a mile of the towa.
‘The banks of the river are beautified with
a great number of churches, caftles, and
gentlemen's houfes. The viceroy's palace
is a noble building, and ftands at a finall
dittance from the river, over one of the
gates of the city, which leads to a fpa-
cious ftreet, terminated by a beautiful
church. This city contains a great num-
ber of handfome churches and convents,
and a ftately hoipital. ‘The market-place
takes up an acre of ground; and in the
fhops about it may be had the produce of
Europe, China, Bengal, and other coun-
tries. The houfes are large, and make a
fine appearance, but are poorly furnifhed,
The inhabitants are contented- with
greens, fruits, and roots, which, with a
little bread, rice, and fith, is their prin-
cipal diet, though: they have hogs and
fowls in plenty. Their religion is the
Roman catholic, and they have a fevere
inquifition, ‘The clergy are numerous
and illiterate: the churches are finely em-
bellithed, and have a great number of
images. It is remarkable, that only one
of the churches has glafs windows; for
they make ule of clear oyiter-fhells inftead
of glals, and all their fine houfes have
the fame. Goa has few manufactures or
produétions, their beft trade being in ar-
rack, Which they diftil from the fap of
the cocoa nut-tree. The harbour is de-
fended by feveral forts and batteries. It
is 292 niles s by Eof Bombay. Lon. 72
45 Fy lat. 15 28.
Goar, Sr. or GoweER, a town of
Germdny, in the circle of the Lower
Rhine, fubjeét to the landgrave of Hefle
Caffel. It is feated immediately under
the ftupendous rock and caftle of Rhein-
fels, with which it furrendered to the
French in 1794. It has a confiderable
commerce in wines and hides, and is 15
miles sr of Coblentz.
GOBCEIN, a town of Germany, in the
alatinate of the Rhine, 18 miles sx of
hilipfhurg. Lon. 8 56k, lat. 49 6N.
GoBIN, ST. See FERE.
Gocu, a town ot Germany, in the
duchy of Cleves, feated on the Neers, fix
miles s of Cleves, Lon.5 52 £, lat.51 39 Ne
2
GOD
Gocrano, a town of Sardinia, capital
of a county of the fame name, with a
caftle, feated on the Thurfo, 25 miles ¢
of Algher.
GoDALMING, a town in Surry, with
a market 6n Saturday. It is feated on
the Wey, where it divides into feveral
ftreams, four miles sw of Guilford and
34 of London. Lon. o 34 W, lat. 51
13 N.
Gopavery, or Gonca Gopowry,
a river of the Deccan of Hindooftan,
which has its fource go miles to the Nz
of Bombay; and, in the upper part of
its courfe at leat, is efteemed a facred
river by the Hindoos; that is, ablutions
performed if its {tream have a religious
efficacy, fuperior to thofe performed im
ordinary ftreams. After croffing Dow-
latabad and Golconda, from w to Fy,
it turns to the sE, and receiving the
Bain Gonga, about go miles above
the fea, divides into two principal chan-
nels at Rajamundry; and theie fubdi-
viding again, form altogether feveral tide
harbours, for veflels of moderate burden,
at its different mouths in the bay of
Bengal. Ingeram, Coringa, Yalam, Ban-
darmalanka, and Narfapour, are among
the places fituate at the mouths of this
_Tiver, which appears to be the moft con-
fiderable one between the Ganges and
Cape Comorin. Extenfive forefts of
teek timber border on its banks, withia
the mountains, and fupply fhip timber
for the ufe of the abovementioned ports.
GopMANCHESTER, a large village in
Huntingdonfhire, parted from Hunting-
don by the river Oufe. It is feated in
a rich and fertile foil, which yields great
plenty of corn; and is inhabited by a
great number of yeomen and farmers.
When James 1 came through it from
Scotland, the inhabitants met him with
70 new ploughs, drawn by as many
teams of horfes; for they hold their land
by that tenure. Here is a {chool called
The fre grammar-{chool of queen Eli-
zabeth.
Gopwin Sanps, famous fandbanks
olf the coaft of Kent, lying “between
the N and S Foreland; and, as they run
parallel with the coaft for three leagues
together, at about two leagues and a half
diftant from it, they add to the fecurity
of the capacious road, the Downs.
Thefe fands occupy the fpace that was
formerly a large traét of low ground be-
longing to Godwin earl of Kent, father
of king Harold; and which being after-
ward given to the monattery of St. Au-
guftin, at Canterbury, the abbot neg-
Ay capital
¢, with a
5 miles &
rry, with
{eated on
to feveral
Iford and
V, lat. §1
ODOWRY,
indooftan,
to the NE
r part of
| a facred
ablutions
. religious
‘formed im
ing Dow-
w to EF,
‘iving the
les above
ipal chan-
efe fubdi-
everal tide
te burden,
he bay of
lam, Ban-
are among
hs of this
-moft con-
anges and
forefts of
s, withia
ip timber
ned ports.
village in
Hunting-
feated in
elds great
ited ky a
farmers.
it from
him with
as many
their land
ool called
hueen Eli-
andbanks
“between
they run
e leagues
hnd a half
fecurity
Downs.
that was
ound be-
at, father
ng after-
St. Au-
bot neg-
oR
GOL
lefling to keep in repair the wall that
defended it from the fea, the whole tract
was drowned in the year 1100, leavicg
thele tands, upon which fo many hips
have been wrecked.
Gors, or Ter Goes, a {trong town
of the United Provinces, in Zealand, and
capital of the ifland of S Beveland. It
communicates with the Scheld by a canal,
and is 20 miles E of Middleburg. Lon,
3 50 By lat. 51 33 N.
GoGMaGoG Hiuus, three miles near
Cambridge, remarkable for the intrench-
ments and other works caft up here;
whence fome fuppofe it was a Roman
camp; and others, that it was the work
of the Danes. They are covered with a
fine dry carpet of tf; and the people,
near thefe hills, tell ftrange ftories about
them.
Goara, or Soorjew River, a large
river, which rifes in Lake Lankee Dhe,
in Thibet, and forcing its way through
Mount Himmaleh, takes a se direétion,
and unites with the Ganges, above
Chuprah, in the province of BKzhar,
Gouup, a territovy of Hindooftan
Proper, inthe province of Agta; fubjest
to a rajah, who is tributary to the Poonsh
Mahrattas. Gwalior is the capital.
Guito, atown of Italy, in the Man-
tuan, feated on the river Mincio, between
the lake of Mantua and that of Garda, 15
mniles NW of Mantua. Lon. 10 40 £,
lat. 45 16.
GoLconpa, a country of the Deccan
of Hindoottan, between the lower parts of
the rivers Kiftna and Godavery, and the
principal pers of Dowlatabad. It was for-
merly called Tellingana, or Tilling, and is
“‘fubject to the nizam of the Deccan. It is
moft remarkable tor its diamond mines,
the moft confiderable in the world. Here
are alfo minesof falt, fine iron for fword-
blades, and curious calico¢es and chint(es.
Hydrabad is the capital.
GOLCONDA, a celebrated fortrefs, in
a country of the fame name, fix miles
wnw of Hydrabad, and joined to that
city by a wall of communication. It
eccupies the iummit of 9 conical hill,
and is deemed impregnabk © When Au-
rungzebe conquered the kingdom of Gol-
conda, in 1687, this fortrefs was éaken
pofleffion of by treachery.
GOLDBERG, a town of Silefia, in the
duchy of Lignitz, 36 miles w of Breilaw.
Lon. 16 23 Ey lat. 51 3.N.
GoLpD Coast, a maritime cquntry of
Guinea, where the Europeans have feve-
ral forts and {ettlements. It reaches
from the Gold River, 12 miles w of
GOM
Affine, and ends at the village of Ponni,
eight miles & of Acraw. It includes
feveral diftriéts, in which are two or
three towns or villages, lying on the fea-
fhore, Seven of thefe diltricts are digni-
fied with the title of kingdoms, though
they contain but a fimall traét of land: for
the whole Gold Coaft is not above 180
miles in length. The negro inhabitants
are generally very rich, as they garry on
a great trade with the Europeans for
gold; and many of them are employed in
fifhing, and cultivating their ricey which
grows in incredible quantities. This they
exchange with others for Indian corn,
yams, potatoes, and palm oil. Molt of
the inhabitants go naked; and thofe who
are beft clothed have only fome yards of
{tuff wrapped about their middle.
GOLDEN ISLAND, a barren ifland at
the mouth of the river or gulf of Darien,
where the Scots attempted to make a
fettlement in 1698. Lon. 77 fo w, lat.
9 ON.
GOLDINGEN, @ fown of Courland,
with a caftle, feated on the Wela, 60
miles w of Mittau. Lon. 22 21 &, lat.
56 43 .N.
GoLeITA, an ifland of Africa, at the
entrance of the bay of Tunis; taken by
the emperor Charles v when he attempted
the fige of Tunis, and kept by the
Chriftians feveral years. It is 29 miles
N of ‘Tunis. Lon. 10 20 £, lat. 37 10 N.
GOLNawW, atown of Pruffian Pome-
rania, feated on the Una, 18 miles Nz of
Stetin. Lon. 14 59 &, lat. 63 46 N.
GoMBROON, a confiderable feaport of
Perfia, in Fariiftan, called by the natives
Bandar Abaf. ‘The beft houfes are
built of brick, flat at the top, with a
fquare turret, having holes on each fide
for the free paffage of the air: upon thefe
roofs they fleep in the fummer feafon.
The common people have wretched huts,
made with the boughs of palm-trees, and
covered with leaves. © The ftreets are
natrow aad irregular. The Englifh and
Dutch have factories here, which is a
great advantage to the trade of the place.
The foil is barren, but provifions brought
from other countries are very plentiful.
The weather is fo hot in June, July, and
Auguit, that this place is extremely un-
healthy; and therefore the Englifh retire
to Affven during thofe months. It is fre-
quented by people of feveral nations, as
well Europeans as others; and the Ban-
yans are fo numerous, that they bribe
the governor not to permit any cows te
be killed in the town. It is feated ina
bay of the ftrait of Ormus, 120 miles
Q2
GON
$s of Kerman.
28 N.
GOoMERA, one of the Canary Iflands,
between Ferro and Teneriff. It has a
town of the fame name, with an excel-
lent harbour, where the Spanifh fhips
often take in refrefhments. Hers is corn
fufficient to fupport the inhabitants, and
one fugar-work, with great plenty of
wine and fruits. Lon. 17 3 w, lat. 28
GN.
Gonpak, the metropolis of Abyflinia,
fituate on a hill of confiderable height,
and containing about 10,000 families in
time of peace. The houfes are chiefly of
clay; the roofs thatched in the form of
cones, which is always the conftruction
within the tropical rains. They have no
fhops; bo. carry on their trade in a large
{quare, where they expoie their merchan-
cife to fale, laid upon mats; and gold and
rock falt are the only money made ufe of.
Each bar of {alt ig a foot in iength, and
they break off as much a3 they agree for
in the purchafe of frmall wares. There
are about 100 churches, and their patri-
arch depends on that of Alexandria.
The rainy feafon begins in April, and
does not ceafe till the end of September ;
whence the Nile, and other rivers that
have their fource in Abyilinia, overflow
their banks every year. “he inhabitants
are tall and comely, and their complexion
a dun, or olive colour. The habit of the
Lon. 56 30, lat. 27
better forts is made of filks and cottons ;
but the common people have only drawers
to hide their nakedne({s.
SE ot Sennar.
34.N.
GONDEGAMA, or GONDLACOMMA,
s river of the peninfula of Hindooftan,
which rifes near Combam, forms the no-
minal boundary of the Carnatic on the N,
and enters the bay of Bengal, at Moota-
pilly.
GONDRECOURT, a town of France, in
the department of Meufe and late duchy
or Bar, feated on the Orney, 20 miles
sof St. Michel. Lon. 5 37 £, lat. 48
30 N.
GONDREVILLE, atown of France, in
the department of Meurthe and late pro-
vince of Lorrain, with a caftie, and a
magnificent hofpital. It ftands ona hill,
on the river Mofelle, gight miles from
Nanci. Le .69 8, lat. 48 40N,
GONESSE, a town of France, in the
department of Scine and Oiie and late
province of the Ifle of France, remark-
abie for the goodneis of its bread, which
is brought twice a weck to Paris. It is
the Lirthplace of king Philip Augultus ;
F 3
It is 180 miles
Lon. 37 33 Ey lat. 12
GOO
and is feated on the Crould, 10 miles xz
of Paris. Lon.2 30 £, lat. 48 58 N.
GONGA, an ancient town of Romania,
feated near the feaof Marmora, 37 miles
NE of Gallipoli. Lon. 37 31 £, lat. 40
53 N.
GonjaH, a kingdom of Africa, be-
tween the coait of Guinea on the s, and
‘Tombuétou on the nN. Gonjah, the capi-
tal, is 870 miles w by s of Cafhna.
Lon. 6 10 w, lat. 13 20 N.
Goop Hope, Cape oF, the fouthern
extremity of Africa, in 18 23 £ lon. and
34 29 8 lat. diicovered by the Portugucle
in 1492. Here is a neat town, called
Cape Town, rifing in the midit of a
defert, turrounded by black and dreary
mountains. The ttorehoules of the
Dutch E India Company are fituate next:
the water, and the private buildings lie
beyond them, on a gentle afcent toward
the mountains. The Caftle, or principal
fort, which commands the road, 1s on the
F fide; and another ftrong fort, called
Awmtterdam Fort, is onthe w fide. The
itvcets are broad and regular, interfeSting
exch other at right angles ‘The houfes,
in general, are built a ftone, and white-
walhed. There are two churches; one
for the Calvinitts, the eftablithed religion ;
the other for the Lutherans. The reli-
sion of the flaves is as little regarded
licre as in the colonies of other European
ftates: in other refpeéts, they are treated
with humanity, and are jodged and
boarded in a {pacious houfe, where they
are likewile kept at work. Tohele flaves,
a fow Hottentots excepted, were all ori,
ginally brought from the E Indies, and
principally from Malacca. Another great
building jerves as an hofpital for the
fzilors belonging to the Dutch E India
fhips which touch here. It is fituate
clofe to the Company’s gardens, and is
an honour to that commercial body, and
an ornament to the town. The conva-
lefcents have free accefs to thefe gardens,
where they enjoy the benefit ofa whole-
fone air, perfumed by the fragrance of a
number ot rieh fruit-trees, and odorifer-
ous fhrubs, plants, and flowers: they
have likewife the ufe of every produétion
in them. The inhabitants are fond of
gardens, which they keep in excellent
order. Though ftout and athletic, they
have not all that phlegm about them
which is the characteriltic of the Dutch
in general, “the ladies are lively, good-
natured, familiar, and gay. ‘The heavy
draught-work about the Cape is chiefly
performed by oxen, which are here brought
to an uncynumon degres of docility amd
niles “zB
SON.
omaniay
37 miles
, lat. 40
‘ica, be-
es, and
he capi-
Cafhna.
fouthern
lon. and
rtugucle
n, called
lit of a
d dreary
of the
rate next °
dings lie
t toward
principal
is on the
rt, called
le. The
terfeSting
e houfes,
nd white-
shes; one
religion 3
The reli-
regarded
European
re treated
ized and
here they
efe flaves,
all ori
lies, and
her great
for the
E Indie
s fituate
By and is
dy, and
e conva-
gardens,
whole-
Ance of @
odorifer-
is: they
oduétion
fond of
excellent
tic, they
it them
e Dutch
vy, good-
he heavy
5 chiefly
brought
lity amd
GOR
ufefulnefs. The inhabitants, in general,
travel in a kind of covered waggon,
drawn by oxen, which better fuit the
roughnels of the country than more ele-
gant vehicles; but the governor, and
fome of the principal people, keep
coaches, which are much in the Englifh
ftyle, and are drawn by fix horfes. ‘The
mountains behind Cape Town are, the
Table Mountain, which is the highett ;
the Sugar-loaf, fo named from its form ;
the Lion’s Head, Charles Mount, and
James Mount, or the Lion’s Rump.
From thefe mountains defcend feveral ri-
vulets which fall into the different bays,
as Table Bay, Falfe Bay, &c. The
view from the Table Mountain is very
extenfive ; and all along the vallies and
rivulets among the/e mountains, is a great
number of piantations. This fine Dutch
colony iurrendered by capitulation to the
Britith arms, under general Alured Clarke
and admiral fir George Keith Elphinftone,
September 16, 1795. See HOTTEN-
TOTS, COUNTRY OF THE.
GoomPrTy, a river of Hindooftan
Proper, which rifes in the Rohilla Coun-
try, and flowing se by Lucknow and
Jionpour, falls into the Ganges, a little
below Benares. .
Goory, or GuTTI!, a ftrong fortrefs
in the peninfula of Hindoottan, formerly
the feat of government of a Mahratta
rince, and now fubjeét to the regent of
Mytore. It is feated on the Pennar, 25
miles s by £E of Adoni. Lon. 77 35,
lat.151 5 Ne
Gorcum, a town of the United, Pro-
vinces, in Holland, which carries on a
coniderable trade in cheefe and butter.
It is fected at the junction of the Linghe
with the Wahal, 12 miles £ of Dort, and
3z S of Amiterdam. Lon. 4 51 £, lat.
SI SIN.
GOREE, a finall ifland of Africa, near
Cape de Verd, fubjeét to the French. It
is barren, but of great importance on ac-
count of its good trade. Lon. 17 25 wy
Jat. 14 40 N.
Gorge, the capital of an ifland of the
fame name, in Holland, eight miles ssw
of Briel. Lon. 4 20k, lat. gr 44N.
Gores ISLAND, a barren and wnin-
habited ifland in the N Pacific Ocean, {o
named by captain Cook, who difcovered
it in 1778. Cape Upright, the se extre-
mity, is in lon. 172 50 W, lat. 60 30 N.
GorGona, a finall ifland of Italy, in
the fea of Tufcany, eight miles in cir-
cumference, remarkable for the large
quantity of anchovies taken near it, Len.
19 © Ey lat. 43 22 Ne
GOT
GorGONA, an ifland inthe § Pacific
Ocean, 12 miles w of the coaft of Peru.
[t is high land, very woody, and fome of
the trees are proper for mafts. It is 10
miles in circumference, and has feveral
rivulets of excellent water, Lon. 77 50
W, lat. 3 20s,
Gorirz, the capital of a county of
the fame name, in the duchy of Carniola,
with a caftle, feated on the Lifonzo, 16
miles NE of Aquileia. Lon, 13 30 +,
lat. 46 20N.
GorRLITzZ, a {trong town of Germany,
in Upper Lufatia, on the river Neiffe, 55
miles E of Drefden. Lon. 15 40 £, lat.
SI ION.
GorzE, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Motelle and late province of
Lorrain, it had lately arich abbey, and
is feated on a hill, eight miles sw of
Metz.
GosLar, an ancient, free, and impe-
rial city of Lower Saxony, in the terri-
tory ot Brunfwick, feated on the river
Gofe, at the foot of a mountain, called
Rammelfberg. It derives its principal
fubfittence trom the neighbouring iron
mines; and it is famous for breweries of
excellent beer. Here the art of making
gunpowder is faid to have been difcovered
by a monk. It is 28 miles s of Brunf-
wick. Lon. 10 42 £, lat. 52 ON,
Gosport, 4 fortified town in Hamp-
fhire, on the w fide of the harbour of
Portfinouth, over which is a terry. It
has a market on Saturday; and here is a
noble hofpital for the fick and wounded of
the royal navy. It is 78 miles sw of
London. Lon. 1 3 wy, lat. 50 49 N.
GOSTYNEN, or GOSTAVIN, a town
of Poland, in the palatinate of Rava, 36
miles NE of Rava. Lon. 20 40 £, lat.
51 54.N.
GoTHa, a town of Upper Saxony,
capital of a duchy of the fame name, 18
miles w of Erfort. Lon. to 52 By lat.
SION.
Gorua, a river of Sweden, which
iffues from Lake Wenner, and falls into
the North Sea, at Gotheborg,
GOTHARD, ST. one of the highett
mountains of Swiflerland, being 9075
feet above the level of the fea, [t js
eight miles from Altorf.
GorTHEeBORG, or GOTTENBURG, a
flourifhing town of Sweden, in W Goth-
land, feated at the mouth of the Gotha,
which forms an excellent harbour; the
beft fituate for foreign trade of any in the
kingdom, as it lies without the Sound,
The inhabitants are computed to be
20,900, Herve is a coniderable herring
Q.3
Ses
si aii aap area
rs
—
Set th
Rent a teat
4
GOR
fithery ; and from this port the Swedith E
india fhips take their departure. The
Danes befieged it in 1788, and mutt
have taken it, with the king of Sweden
in perfon, but for the interference of the
Pritihh minifter, under whole mediation
an armillice and convention wyre con-
cluded. Gothebore is 183 miles sw of
Stockholm. Lon. 11 44 £, lat. 57 42 .N.
GOTHLAND, one of the five general
Civilions of Sweden, containing the pro-
vinces of Oftrogothia or FE ‘Gothland,
Smoland, Wefirogothia or W Gothland,
the ifles of Gothland and Gh Jand, Werm-
Jand, Dalia, Halland, Blekingen, and
Scaniaor Schonen. fe
GOTHLAND, an ifland of the Baltic,
on the £ coat of Sweden. Wifby is its
only town. Lon. 19 45 E, lat. 57 oN.
GOTTENDURG. See GOTHEBORG.
GOTTINGEN, a city of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Bruniwick, formerly
free and imperial, but now fubject to the
eleGtor of Hanover. Here Geor ge il
jounded a univeriity. It is feated on the
Leine, 25 miles nz of Caflel. Lon. 9
63 By lat. §2 42 N,
Gorrory, atownof Denmark, in the
duchy ot Slefwick, capital of the duchy
ot Holftein Gottorp. Here is an old pa-
Jace, formerly the ducal baler from
which the ducal line, tormed by Adol-
phus, fon of Frederic 1 king of Denmi irk,
was denorninated Holftein Gottorp, siuhich
ftill fubfitts in the perion of the great duke
of Ruifia. Gottorp is feated at the
bottom of an arm of the fea, called the
Sley, four miles wsw of Sleiwick. Lon,
9 56.8 ty lat. 54 36.N.
GorTTsBERG, a town of Silefia, in the
duchy of Schweidnitz, re markable for ‘its
filver mines.
Gouba, or Turcow, a {trong town
of the United Provi ince’, in Holla ond,
celebrated for its noble church, and
painted gk us windows, fuppofed to be the
fneft in Hurope. It is tested on the Iffcl,
eight miles ne of Rotterdam. Lon. 4
41 E, lat.52 2 N.
GoupDuuRsrT, a town in Kent, with a
market on Wednefday, 12 miles sw of
Maiditone, and 44 sk of London. Lon,
© 41-8, lat. 51 8.N.
GOVERNOLO, a town of Italy, in the
Mantuan, feated on the Mincio, 12 miles
sz of Mantua. Lon. ro 56 &, lat. 45
AN.)
Gora, or GuRA, a town of Poland,
in the palatinate of Mafovia, belonging to
the bifhop of Pofnania. Lon, a1 50 £,
lat. saor N.
{sORDON, a town of France, in the de-
GRA
partment of Lot and fate province of
Querci, 18 miles Nw of Cahors. Lon. t
24. £, lat. 45 43 N. ;
GourNnay, a town of France, in the
Gepeenent of Lower Seine and late pro-
vince of Nonmnandy, remarkable for its
fine Kura. It is feated on the Epte,
52 miles NW of Paris. Lon. 0°36 w,
lat. 49 32 Ne
Govurocx, a town in Renfrewthire,
ona bay of the frith of Clyde. In its
neighbourliood, a copper nuns was lutcly
worked.
Gowen, the peninfulated extremity
of Glamorganthire, to the w of the bay
of Swaniey. It has very lofty limettone
clitfs next the fea, whence larg a4 quantities
ot lime are exported to the E nglith coun-
ties acrois the Briftol Channel. The
coaft abounds with oyiters. ‘Vhe land is
a tertile tract of arable and patture.
GoweR,or GEVER. SeeGoar, Sr,
Gozzl, or Gozes, an ifland of the
Mediterranean, to the s of the ifle ot Can-
dia, 12 mijes from fort Selino.
(10220, a tortified ifland of the Me-
diterrdnean, five miles NW of Malta, and
belonging to the knights of that iland.
GRABOW, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Meclenburg, 18 miles
sot Schwerin. Lon, 11 44 8, lat. 53
26 N.
GRACIOSA, one of the Azores, or
Weitern Iflands. Its inhabitants are
about 300, and its produce is wheat,
wine, butter, and cheele. Lon. 27 §8
W, lat. 392 N.
GRACiOSA, arocky, barren, uninha-
hited ifland, one of the Canaries, to the
N of Lancerota. Jt is thrce miles long,
and two broad.
GRADISKA, a town of Sclavonia, on
the frontiers of Croatia, taken by the
Turks in 1691. It is feated on the Save,
20 miles sw of Polega, Lon. 18 39 £,
lat. 46 21 N,
Gkabisxa, a ftrong town of Ger-
many, in the county of Goritz, feated
onthe Lifonzo, 15 miles se of Udina,
Lon.13 114k, lat. 466.
GRADO, a town of Italy, in a fmall
ifiand of the fame name, on the coait of
Venetian Friuli, 50 miles E by Nn of
Venice. Lon. 13 10 #, lat. 45 40 N.
GRaF TON, a village in Northampton
fhire, between Stony Strattord and North
ampton, where there is a manor-houle and
park, given by Charles 11 to the duke of
Gratton, whence the title is derived.
‘ GRAHAM’'s Muir, between the Car-
ron Werks and
hod celebrated for being: the {pet where
Palkirk, in Seothand,: a
4
ig
i
‘ince of
Lon. :
> in the
ate pro-
for its
‘J pte,
35 Wy
ewhhire,
In its
s lated te
*) hutely
tremity
the bay
mettone
antities
h coun-
The
land ig
re. ,
\R, ST,
of the
of Can-
ve Me-
ta, and
land.
AXONS
q
; miles
lat. 53
reSy OF
ts are
wheat,
27 58
ninha-
to the
s long,
ia, on
y the
Save,
39 Fy
Ger-
feated
dina,
{mall
ult of
N of
N.
ton
orth
-and
ke of
Car-
hd, a
yherss
GRA
fir William Wallace, in 1298, cut his
way through the midit of his victorious
enemies.
GramMMmonT, a town of Autftrian
Flanders, feated on the Dender, £8 miles
vgEot Tournay. Lon. 3 59 £; lat. §0 47 N.
GRAMMONT, a town cf France, in
the department of Upper Vienne and late
rovince of Limofin, remarkable tor its
jae abbey, which was the chief of the
order, It is 15 miles ne of Limoges.
Lon. 1 30 E, lat. 46 1 N.
GRAMPOUND, a borough in Corn-
wall, with a market on Saturday. It
has a confiderabie manutacture ot gloves,
is governed by a mayor, and fends two
members to parliament. It is feated on
the Valles, 40 miles sw of Launcetton,
and244.wbysof London. Lon. 4 49 w,
Jat. 50 22 Ne
GRAN, 2 town of “ewer Hungary,
with an archbifhop’s fee. It has been
feveral times taken and recaken, but lait
of all by the Auttrians, iu 1683. ft is
feated on the Danube, 87 iniles # by 8 of
Vienna. Lon. c8 6, lat. 47 46N.
GRANADA, a province (formerly a
kingdom) of Spain, bounded on the N
and w by Andalutia, on the E by Mur-
cia, and on the s by the Mediterranean
Sea. It is 175 miles in length, and 75
in breadth. Though a mountainous coun-
try, the foil is good; but it has not been
well cultivated fince the Moors were ex-
pelled in 1492. However, it produces
corn, wine, oil, fugar, flax, hemp, excel-
lent fruits, honey, wax, and mulberry-
trees, which feed a great number of filk-
worins. The foreits produce gall-nuts,
palm-trees, and oaks.
Granapa,acontiderable city of Spain,
capital of the province of Granada, with
an archbifhop’s iee, and a univerfity. It
is built on four hills, and divided into
four parts, in one of which is the large
church, containing the tombs of Ferdi-
nand and Iabella, who took this place
from the Moors in 1492. In another is
the palace of the kings of Spain, and an
ancient palace of the Moorifh kings, with
fo many rooms, that it is like a labyrinth.
In the third, is the univerfity; the fourth
has nothing confiderable : but all the
public buildings are magnificent. It is
feated near the confluence of the Oro with
the Xenil, 125 miles sw of Murcia,
and 225 s of Madrid. Lon. 3 30 Ww,
lat. 37 8 N.
GRANADA, an jland in the W Indies,
the principal of the Granadines, fituate
in 61 go W, lon. and between 11 55
and 12 23.N lat. Jt is the laft of the
GRA
Windward Caribbees, and 30 leagues NW
of Tobago. The chier port, called Lewis,
is on the w fide, and is very {pacious,
This itland is finely wooded; and the
foil is fuited to prouuce fugar, tobacco,
and indigo. It was taken from the
French in 1762, comrirmed to the Enylith
in 1763, taken by the French in 1779,
and rettored to the Englith in 1733. In
1795, the French lunded tome troops and
cauled an infurrection in this ifland, which
was not finally quelled till June 1796.
GRANADA, atownof N America, inthe
province of Nicaragua, icated on the lake
Nicaragua. {t was taken twice by the
French buceieers, and pillaged. The
inhabitants carry on a great trade by
means of the lake, which communicates
with the Atlantic Ocean. It is s¢ miles
sk of Leon. Lon. 87 0 wy, lat. 12
5 N.
GRANADA, New, an extenfive inland
country in S America, denominated by
the Spaniards the new kingdom of Gra-
nada. It is bounded on the w by Po-
payan; on the N by other provinces of
‘Terva Firma, namely, Santa Martha, Rio
de la Hacha, and Venezucla; on the s by
Peru; and on the £ by a country which
{tretches along the banks of the Orencko,
and is little known, and imperfectly occu-
pied, by the Spaniards. New Granada
was conquered by the Spaniards in 1536.
It is fo tar elevated above the level of the
fea, that, though it approaches almoft ta
the equator, the climate is remarkably
temperate. ‘The fertility of its vallies is
not inferior to that of the richeft diftri&s
in America; and its higher grounds yield
gold and precious ftones of various kinds.
Its towns are populous and flourifhing ;
and the capital is Santa-Fé-de-Bagota.
GRANDE-PRE, a town of France, in
the department of Ardennes and late pro-
vince of Champagne, feated on the Ayre,
32 miles EB of Rheims. Lon. 4 §5 wy
lat. 49 21 N.
GRANIC, or GRANICUS, a finall river
of Natolia, which has its fource in Mount
Ida, near the ruins of ancient Troy, and
falls into the fea off Marmora, to the & of
Lampfaco, On its barks was fought the
celebrated battle, in which Alexander the
Great, with 30,000 Mavedunians, de-
feated Darius and 600,000 Pertians.
GRANSON, a town of Swifferland, in
the Pays de Vaud, capital of a bailiwic
of the fame name, with a caftle. Charles
the Bold, duke of Burgundy, took it by
ftorm; but, in a battle near it, in 14.76
he wus totully defeated. Lon. 6 30 ¢,
Vat. 46 50 N.
WS
Q +
GRA
GRANTHAM, & borough in Lineolp-
fhire, with a market on Saturday. It
fends two members to parliame nt, and
has a church, famous for its high fpire,
which feems to lean on one fide. Xt is
gated on the Witham, 20 miles 5 by w
of Lincoln, and 110 N by w of London,
Lon. o 36 wy, lat. 52 59 N.
GRAMSE
Weftmorland, to the w of Ambletide.
Its margin is hollowed into final bays,
with bold eminences; fome of rock, fome
of turf, that half conceal and vary the
figvre of the lake. From the thore, 2
low promontory project far ino the
water; and on it ftands a white village,
with the parifh church rifing in the miclft
of it,
GRaNvILLe, a feaport of France, in
the deartine of the Channel and late
province of Normandy, par: ly feated on
a rock, and partly on a plain. It is
15 miles § by £ of Coutances, and 185
Wot Paris. Lon, 1 32 Ww, lat. 48 oN.
Grasse, a town of France, in the
department of Var
Provence. It was lately a bithop’s fee ;
and is feated on an eminence, 15 miles
woof Nice. Lon. 6 555, lat. 43 3yN.
GRASSE » a town of France, inthe de-
partment of Aude and late province of
L anguedoc, icated on the river Othieu,
at the foot of the mountain of Courbiere,
32 miles sE of Careaifonne.
GrarkLey, a village in Hamphhire,
onthe se fide of Quarley bil, in the road
from Andover to Salifbury, where, in 9255
king Athelitan hel ld a gr and council of the
nobili ity. Near itisa great Romancamp,
and on Quarley hill is a large Britith
camp.
Gratz, a town of Germany, capital
of Stiria, with a caftle, anda umiverfity.
Here are many palaces, and a fine arfenal,
The cattle ands on a rock, and commu-
Nicates with the river, by means of adeep
well, It is feated on the Muehr, 85 miles
sw of Vienna, Lon. 35 30 £, lat. 47
4 N,
GRAUDENTZ, a
the palatinate of Culm, with a
feated on the Viftula, 30
Thorn, and 1ro Nw of Warlaw. Lon,
18 52 £, lat. 53 36 N.
GRAVE, a {trong town of Dutch Bra-
bant, feated on the river Maete, beyond
which there is a fort. It was taken by
the Spaniards in 1586, by the Dutch in
1602, by the French in 1672, by the
Dutch in ro74, and by the French in
¥79< It is cight miles s of Nimeguen.
on, 5 45 E, lat. 51 47 Ne
town of Poland, in
cattle ;
RE WaTeR, a fmall lake of
and late province of
miles N. of
GRE
GRAVELINES, a ftrong feaport of
F rances in the department of the North
and late French Flanders. It was ceded
to France, by the tre aty of the Pyrenees,
and ts feated on the Aa; 12 miles & of
Calais.. Lon. 2 i E, lat. 50 $9 N.
GRAVENAC, a town of Su abia, c
tl of a county of the fame
miles w of Ulm.
22 N.
GRAVEN MACHEREN, a town of Lux.
emburg, on the Molelle, 18 miles ENg
of Luxemburg. It was facked and burnt,
in 1§52, by the marquis of Branden-
urg.
GRAVESANDE,
capi-
name, 30
Lon. 9 28 £, lat. 48
a town of Holland,
where the ancient counts of Holland re-
fided. It is seven miles wof Delft.
GRAVESEND, a town in Kent, with a
market on Wedne (day and Saturday. It
is feated on the “ihames, and a place of
great refort, being the common landing-
place for feamen and ftrangers in, their
pafage to London. It has a blockhoute
over againtt Tilbury fort. A great part
of it was burnt down, with the church,
in 1727: the latter was rebuilt as one of
the so new churches. It is called the
corporation of Gravelend and M iltony
thefe two places being united under the
government of a mayor. ‘They were in-
cornorated by queen Elifabeth; but, long
before, Richard I had granted them the
exclufive privilege of conveying paflen-
gers to London in boats, at two- pence
a head, or a whole boat’s fare at four
fhillings. They itill enjoy this privilege
but the fare is now nine- ‘pence a head.
Gravejend is famous for aiparagus; and
the chief employment of the labouring
per ople ts (pinning of hemp, to make nets
for fithing, and ropes. It is 22 miles
se of London. Lon. o 27 E, lat. 5%
25 N.
GRaAVINA, a town of Naples, in Terra
. Bari, with a bifliop’s fee, 32 miles
W of Bari.
GRAULHET, a town of France, in the
department of Tarn and late province of
Lets edoc, 12 miles Nw of Caltres.
Gray, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper & Saone and late pro.
vince of Franche Cornté, Its trade con-
{ifts in ivon; and it is feated on the Saone,
25 miles NE of Dijon. Lon. 5 41 Ey
lat. 47 28 N.
Grays THURROCK, a town in Effex,
with a market on Thuriday, feated on the
‘Thames, 24 miles & of London. Lon. o
24-Ey lat. 51 26 N.
GREECE, the ancient name of
part of Turkey in. Europe, which con-
Y
tit
aport of
he North
vas ceded
Pyrenees,
iles & of
sg. Ne
‘id, Capt.
1AM, 30
1» dat. 48
10f Lux.
jiles ENE
nd burnty
Branden-
Holland,
land re-
elft.
t, with a
day. It
place of
landing
in, their
ockhoule
Yeat part
> church,
1g one of
alled the
Milton,
mder the
were In-
but, long
hem the
pafien-
wo-pence
at four
‘ivilege 5
a head.
us; and
bouring
ike nets
2 miles
lat. st
1 Terra
2 miles
in the
ince of
res,
the de-
fe pro-
le cone
Saone,
41 Ey
Effex,
lion the
on. ©
that
con-
GRE
tains Macedonia, Albania, Livadia, the
Morea, the Archipelago, and Candia.
GREENLAND, a general name by which
are denoted the moit ei parts of
America, ftretching toward the N Pole,
and likewile fome iflands te the N of the
continent of Europe, lying in very high
latitudes. © This country is divided into
W and E Greenland. W Greenland
was difcovered as early as the ninth cen-
tury by the Norwegians, who planted co-
lonies there. The communication with
that country, after a long interruption,
was renewed in the laft century. Some
zealous Lutheran and Moravian mitfion-
aries ventured to fettle in this frozen and
uncultivated region. From them we
learn, that the Nw coaft of Greenland is
feparated from America by a very nar-
row ftrait ; that, at the bottom of the
bay into which this ftrait conducts, it is
highly probable that they are united ; that
the inhabitants of the two countries have
dome intercourfe ; and that the Ef/guimaux
of America pertectly refemble the Green-
landers in their afpect, drefs, mode of
living, and language. E Greenland was,
for a long time, confidered as a part of
the continent of W Greenland, but is now
difcovered to be an aflemblage of iflands
lying between g and 20° £ lon. and 76
46 and 80 30 N lat. It was dilcovered,
in 1533, by fr Hugh Willoughby, who
called it Greenland, fuppofing it to be a
part of the weftern continent. In 1595,
it was vifited by Barentz and Cornelius,
two Dutchmen, who pretended to bh. the
original difcoverers, and called it Spitz-
bergen, or fharp mountains, from the
many fharp-pointed and rocky mountains,
with which it abounds. ‘The only quad-
rupeds of either W or E Greenland, are
deer, white bears, and foxes. To its
frozen feas, the Englith and other nations
repair annually, in the proper feafon, to
fifh tor whales, See SPITZBERGEN.
GREENLAW, the ¢ounty-town of Ber-
wickihive, feated on a river that joins the
Tweed, before it reaches Berwick, It
is 17 miles w by s of that town, Lon.
z 18 w, lat. §5 43 .N-
GREENOCK, © confidevable feaport in
Renirewhhire, at the mouth of the Clyde.
Tt is 2 place of great relort for thipping,
and as a great fhare in the herring fith.
ery. Here is a fugar-houle, 4 rope and
foul manufacture, and a@ final fort tor the
detence of the harbour, It is a2 miles
w of Glalgow. Lom, 4 ag Ws lat. 54
54M.
GREENSBURGH, the county-town of
Weitinorland, in Penntylvania, 173 miles
GRE
w by N of Philadelphia. Lon. 78 46 w,
lat. 40 8N.
GREENSTED, a village in Effex, one
mile w of Chipping Ongar, remarkable
for its little church (built prior to the
Conqueft) the walls of hich are formed
of the folid trunks of trees placed in
rows.
GREENWICH, a town in Kent, with
a market on Wednefday and Saturday.
Tt is famous for a magnificent hofpital for
decayed feamen, and a royal oblervator
in a delightful park. ‘The hofpital is
thought to be the fineft ftru&ture of the
kind in the worid; and its noble hall is
finely painted by fir Jarnes Thornhill,
The chapel was deftroyed, in 1779, by a
dreadtul fire, which likewile confumed the
dining-hall and eight wards; but the
whole is rebuilt. The obiervatory was
built by Charles 11, on the tummit of a
hill, called Flamftead Hill, from the great
aftronomer of that name, who was here
the firit aftronomer royal. ‘The Englifh
compute the longitude from the meridian
of this place. Here was once a royal
palace, in which Edward vi died, and
queen Mary and queen Elifabeth were
born. It has been long pulled down, and
on part of the fite of it now ftands the houle
belonging to the ranger of the park. Here
is a college, called the Duke of Norfolk’s
College (though founded by Henry cart
of Northampton, father of the celebrated
earl of Surry) for the maintenance of 20
decayed houtekeepers; and an hofpital,
called Queen Elifabeth’s College, founded
by Mr. Lambard, the firft erected by an
Englith proteftant fubject. Greenwich is
feated on the Thames, five miles & of
London,
GRENOBLE, an ancient town of France,
in the department of Lere and late pro-
vince of Dauphiny, with a bifhop’s fee.
It contains a great number of handfome
ftructures, particularly churches. The
cathedral is a fine ancient building in the
Gothie tafte; and St. Andrew's churela
is adorned with a curious fpive. The
leather and gloves that ave made here are
highlyeltcemed. It is feated on the Lere,
over whieh are two bridges to pats into
that part called Perreive, a large fiveet om
the fide of the river. It is 27 miles s of
Chamberry, and 105 w by N of Turin,
Lon. § 49 B, lat. 45 12 .N.
Garena, a village in Dumfrieshhire,
nesr the mouth of the Eik, and on the
borders of Cumberland, nine miles Nw
of Carlifle. It has been long noted as
the refort of the young per‘oms in England,
who choale to be marvied notwithitanding
o
Sees Se
haa:
go
sr
meee
Aang leet
aes
Se Re
eee
Cait
ote
“ai
GRI
the prohibitions of their parents and
guardians. ‘The ceremony is performed
by a blackfmith.
GRIFFENNAKEN, @ town of Pruffian
Pomerania, in the duchy of Stetin, feared
on the Oder, oppotite Garez. Lon. 14
@z Ry lat. 53 25 N.
GRIMBERGEN, @ town of Aniftrian
Brabant, with an abbey and a cattle, tix
miles Nof Bruffels. Lon, 4.27 &y lat. so
a7.N.
GRIMM, a town in the clectorate of
Saxony, with a crtadel, feated on the
Muldaw, 10 niles st of Leipfick. Lon.
32 35k, lat. 51 15 N,
GRIMMEN, a town of Swedith Po-
merania, five miles s of Straltund. Lon.
33 37 Ey lat. 54 32 N.
GRIMPERG, a town in the eleforate
ef Treves, witha bifhap’s fee, 17 miles
se of Treves. Lon. 6 59 £, lat. 49
35 N-
Grimspy, Great, a feaport and
borough in Lircolnthire, with a market
on Wednefday and Saturday. Ie had
formerly a cattle, and two churches, but
bas now only one church, a large ftrite-
ture, like acathedral. Fe fends two mem-
hers to pari ament, and is governed by a
mayor. ‘The harbour, at ‘the mouth’ of
the Humber, is but inditferent, being al
mott choaked up. It is 45 miles Ne of
Lincoln, and 170 Nof London. Lon. o
6 &, lat. 53 34.N.
GRINDON-RIGG, a river in Northum-
berland, near Berwick, famous for the
victory gained over ihe Scots, im 1558,
by the earl of Northumberland, and his
brother, when many ot the Scots were
drowned in this river. Onarifing ground
near Grindon, are four upright ttone pil-
Jars, funeral monuments of the chieftains
flain m that action.
GRINSTEAD, Fast, a borough in Sul-
fex, with a market on Thuriday. The
aflizes are fometimes held here, and it
fends two members to parliament. It is
zo miles N of Lewes, and 29 s of Lon-
don. Lon. o 28, lat. 51 12.N.
GRIPSWALD, a ftrong town of Swe-
dith Pomerania, formerly imperial, with
a good harbour, anda univertity. It is
feated near the Baltic Sea, 15 miles se of
Straliund, and 55 Nw ot Stetin. Lon,
3344 E, lat. 54 4 N.
GRISONS, a people inhabiting the
Alps, and in alliance with Swilerland,
They ave divided into three leagues,
which form en reputilic j namely, the
Grey League; the Cadée, or the Houte
of God; andthe Ten Jurifiiions. Thefe
tice Leagues have their peculiar confti-
GRO
tution, and are independent common.
wealths mm all concerns vhich do not in.
terfere with the general policy of the
whole republic 5 and the connection be-
tween them is maintained by means of an
annual dict, held alte nately at the towns
of Hants, Coire, and Paves, ‘The coun-
try of the Grifons is about 87 miles in
length, and very populous 5 3 bounded on
the § by the duchy of Milan and the ter-
ritories of the Venetians, by Tyrol on
the F and oN, and by the Swils cantons
onthe w. “They are partly papitts and
partly proteftants. They potlets the Val-
teline, and the caunties of Lormio and
Chiavenna.
GRopNo, the principal town, though
not the capital, of Lithuania. It is a
large and itr ageling place, but contains
no more than 3000 Chrittians, exclulive
ot the perions employed in the manufac-
tures, and 1o0o Jews. Jt has the ap-
pearance of a decayed town; ee
a mixture of wretched hovels, falling
houles, and ruined palaces, with magni-
ficent gateways, remains of its ancient
iplendour.
repair make the contratt more ttriking.
Here is a college and phyfic garden; the
king of Pol ind hay ing eftablithed a royal
academy of phytic tor Lithuania. In the
new palace, built, but never inhabited,
by Auguitus mi, are the apartments
where the dicts are fometimes heck; par-
ticularly the latt, in 1793, which was
compelled, at the point of the bayonet, to
content to the fecond partition of Poland ;
and here, m 1795, the unfortunate Sta-
niflaus m1 formally retigned his crown.
Grodno is feated partly in a plain, on
the river Niemen, and partly on a moun.
tain, t2g miles Nr of Wariaw. Lon. 24
15 F, lat. 53 23 N.
GROLL, a town of Dutch Guelder-
derkand, in the county of Zutphen. It
was often taken and retaken in the wars
between the Dutch and Spaniards. The
French took it in 1672, and demolifhed
the fortifications. It is feated on the
Slinghe, 15 miles se of Zutphen.
GRONINGEN, a populous city of the
United Provinces, capital of a oe
of the fame name, with a citadel and ;
univeriity. It is feated on the rivers
Hunes and Aa; has a communication, by
acanal, witha be iy of the German Ocean,
at the diftance of 10 miles; and is 8¢
miles NE of Amiterdam, Lon. 6 31 B,
lat. §3 10 N.
GRONINGEN, one of the United Pro-
vinces, bounded on the & by E Friefland,
on the W by Fricfland, on the n by the
A few habitations in good |
common.
do not in.
cy of the
ection be-
cans of an
the towns
Lhe coun-
7 miles in
ounded on
nd the ter-
Tyrol on
{fs cantons
apilts and
{s the Val-
ormia and
mn, though
It is a
It contains
1» exclutive
> omanulac-
las the ap-
containing
Is, falling
ith magni-
its ancient
is in good
e ftriking.
arden; the
hed a voval
a. In the
inhabited,
apartments
held; par-
which was
bayonet, to
of Poland ;
runate Sta-
us crown.
plain, on
na moun.
Lon. 24
Guelder-
phen. It
mn the wars
rds. The
Jemolifhed
don the
n.
ity of the
lordfhip
del and a
he rivers
cation, by
an Ocean,
nd is 8¢5
~6 31 Ey
ited Pro-
Friefland,
N by the
GUA
German Ocean, and on the s by Overyf-
tel. It is divided into two parts, of
which the town of Groningen and its dif-
triSt ave one, and the Ommerlands the
other. ‘The excellency of this country
confilts in pattures, which feed a great
number of large hortes, fit for the coach.
Grossay an ifland of Dalmatia, in the
gult of Venice, near the coalt of the coun-
ty of Zara. It is 50 miles in circum-
ference, and belongs to the Venetians,
Grosserro, a town of Tutcany,
with a cattle and a bilhop’s fee; fituate
near the fea, 3o miles sw of Sienna. Lon.
yr 1 £, lat. 42 40 N.
GROTSKAW, atown of Silefia, capital of
a province of the fame name, 30 miles NE
ot Glatz. Lon. 17 25, lat. 50 37 N.
GROTSKAW, a town of Servia, where
the Turks defeated the Germans in 1739.
Lon. 21 10 E, lat. 45 10 N.
GROYNE, ariver of Spain, in Galicia,
which enteys the bay of Bilcay, at Co-
runna.
GGRUBENHAGEN, a town and caftle of
Lower Saxony, and the chief place of a
principality of the fame name, belonging
to the houle of Hanover. In the moun-
tains near it arc mines of filver, iron, cop-
per, and lead. It is 4.5 miles s of Hanover,
Lon. 10 3 Ey lat. 51 31 N.
GRUCKFELDT, a town of Carinthia,
with a caftle, on the river Save, Lon. 15
45 Hy lat. 46 7N.
Grunpe, a town of Germany, in the
duchy of Brunfwick, and in the mountains
of Hartz. Lon. 1335 £, lat. 52 10 N.
GRUNINGEN, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the principality of Halberftadt,
on the river Felkes Lon, 11 41 Ey lat,
52 4N.
GRUNINGEN, a town of Swifferland,
in the canton of Zuric, capital of a baili-
wic of the fame name. ‘The caftle, which
{tands on an elevated rock, commands an
extenfive profpec&t. Lon. 8 43 E, lat. 47
14N.
GRUYIREs, a town of Swifferland, in
the canton of Friburg, with a caftle, where
the bailiff refides. It is famous for cheefe,
and is 15 miles sw of Friburg. Lon. 6
43 £, lat. 46 35 N.
GUACOCKINGO, a townof New Spain,
,0 miles sk of Mexico. Lon. 99 45 W,
Jat. 19 36 Ne
GUADALAJARA, or New GALICIA,
one of the three audiences of New Spain,
bonded on the w by New Mexico, on the
E and s by the audience of Mexico, and
onthe w by thé gulf of California and
the N Pacific Ocean ; extending 800
miles in leagth, and seo in breadth, It
GIA
is divided into the provinces of Guada-
lajara Proper, Zacatecas, New Bileay,
Cinaloa, Culiacan, Chametian, and Xa,
lifeo. It is celebrated for its fertility,
and the richne(s of its filver mines, °
GUADALAJARA, Or GUADALAXARA,
the capital of the province and audience
of Guadalajara, in New Spain. It isa
bifhop’s fee, and fituate on the Barcinja,
217 miles w of Mexico. Lon. 104 49 We
lat. 20 50 .N,
CFUADALAJARA, OY GUADALAXARA,
atown of Spain, in New Caftile, feated
on the Herares, 30 miles Ne of Madrid,
Lon. 2 47 Wy, lat. 40 36 N.
GUADALAVIAR, a river of Spain,
which rifes on the confines of Arragony
croffes the province of Valencia, and falls
into the Mediterranean, below Valencia.
GUADALOUPE, a town of Spain, in
Eftramadura, with a cclebrated convent.
Tt is feated on a rivulet of the fame name,
34 miles — by N of Truxillo. Lon. 4
45 W, lat. 39 12.
GUADALOUPE, one of the Leeward
Caribbee Hilands in the W Indies, be-
tween Antigua and Dominica, in lon. 63
ow, and lat. 16 20 N. It is divided
into two parts by a narrow ftrait, called
the Salt River. At this place the land
oneach fide is not above four miles broad,
and by this {trait the fea on the Nw com-
municates with that onthe se. The sw
pat is 60 miles in length, and 24 in
dreadth ; and the NE part is much the fame.
The foil is exceedingly good, and well
watered near the fea, by rivulets which
fall from the mountains. On this ifland
is a volcano, called the Mountain of Sul-
phur ; and.on the g& fide of it are two
mouths, which open into a pit of fulphur:
the negroes who fell brimftone fetch it
from this pit. The French fettled on
this ifland, in 1632. It was taken by
the Englith in 1759, but reftored in 1763.
It was again taken by the Englith, April
22, 1794, but retaken, December 11, the
fame year. Bafleterre is the capital.
GUADALQUIVER, a river of Spain,
which rifes in the s part of New Caftile,
flows through Andalufie, and falls inte
the bay of Cadiz.
Gu APARAMA, a town of Spain, in Od
Cattile, remarkable for its great trade in
cheete. It is feated on the Guaduaram,
25 miles NW of Madrid. Lon. 3 48 w,
at. 43 45 .N.
GUADIANA, a river of Spain, which
rifes in New Caltile, crofles Eftramadura
into Portugal, and feparatings Algarve
froin Andaluliay falls into the bay of
Cadiz.
Sys
sha
Paros
Se
a PE
a a
Mite
SES
este”
sca iets FEES TOR
=
SSN ag a NNR a Hi eS
GUA
Guapix, a town of Spain, in Gra-
mada, with a bifhop’s fee, 30 miles E of
Granada. Lon. 2 47 Wy, lat. 37 4.
Guapo, a town of Italy, in Ancona,
eight miles Nw of Nocera. In 1751, it
was almoit deftroyed by an earthquake.
Lon. 12 43 £, lat. 43 6N.
Guam, the chief of the Ladrone
Hflands, in the N Pacific Ocean, 100
miles in circumference. It is fubjeét to
the Spaniards, who have a garrijon here,
but the inhabitants are almott all natives
of the country, and reputed to be very
fkilful in building boats. It abounds
with excellent fruit, and the air is whole-
fome; notwithttanding which the natives
are fubject to a kind of leprofy. Lon.
345 15 E, lat. 13 5.
GUAMANGA, a town of Peru, capital
of a province of the fame name, witha
bifhop’s fee. It is remarkable for {weet-
meats ; and near it are mines of gold, fil-
ver, loaditone, and quicktfilver. It is
200 miles SE of Lima. Lon. 74 15 w,
Jat. 13 20.
GuANAHAMI, or CAT ISLAND, one
of the Bahaina Iflands, the firft land of
America difcovered by Columbus, in
1491, and named by him St. Salvador.
Lon. 75 5 w, lat.24 20N.
Guanuco, a town of Peru, capital
of a diftrict of the fame name, that abounds
in all the neceffaries of life. It is 172
miles we of Lima. Lon. 75 15 w,
Jat. 9 55%.
GUANZAVELCA, a rich town of Peru,
in a country abounding with mines ct
quickfilver. It is 159 miles Enz of Pitca.
Lon. 74 39 w, lat. 12 365s.
GuARDAFUI, a cape of Africa, at the
entrance of the ftrart o: Babelmandel.
Lon. 52 5 £, lat. 11 46 N.
Guarpia, or Guarvda, a town of
Portugal, in Beira, with a bithop’s fee.
It is ertified both by art and nature, and
has a ftately cathedral.
£ of Lifbon.
GouarpIA-ALFEREZ, a town of Na-
ples, inthe Molife, with a bifhop’s tee,
It is 133 miles
Lon.6 37 Wy lat. go 22.N.
feven miles NW of Larino, Lon.
56 £, lat. 41 39 N.
GuarMa, a feaport of Perv
miles NW of Lima. Lon. 77
Jat. 10 10S.
GUASTALLA, a town of Italy, in the
Mantuan, ceded to the duke of Parma,
jo 1748. Here the Auftrians attacked
the French in 1734, and were repulied
with the lofs of s000 men. It is teated
near the river Po, 1§ miles N of Reggio.
Lon. 10 38 £, lat. 44 56 N.
Guasto, or Vasro, a town of Na-
i¢
120
W,
GUE
ples, in Abruzzo Citeriore, on the gulf
of Venice, 15 miles st of Lanciano. Lon,
15 6 E, lat. 42 15 N.
GUATIMALA, one of the three audi-
ences of New Spain, bounded on the nv
by the audience of Mexico, on the NE by
the gulf of Mexico, on the sz by the
ifthmus of Darien, and on the sw by the
Pacific Ocean. It is computed to be 750
miles long, and 450 broad; and is fubdi-
vided into the provinces of Guatimala
Proper, Vera Paz, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Cofta Rica, and Veragua. The indigo
of this country is fuperior in quality to
that of any other in ea: and is cul-
tivated to a confiderable extent.
GuatimaLa, New, the capital of
the audience and province of Guatimala,
in New Spain, with a bifhop’s fee and a
univerfity. It is fituate not far from the
fite of St. Jago de Guatimala, the for-
mer capital, which was deftroyed, June 7,5
1773, by a dreadful earthquake, attended
by an eruption from a neighbouring vol-
cano. By this earthquake 120,000 per-
fons are {uppofed to have perifhed. New
Guatimala is 600 miles sw of Mexico.
Lon. 90 30 W, lat. 13 40 N.
Guaxaca, a province of New Spain,
bounded by the gulf of Mexico on the x,
and by the Pacific Ocean on the s. It
is fertile in wheat, Indian corn, cochineal,
and caffia; and contains mines of gold,
filver, and cryttal.
GuaxaCa, a town of New Spain, ca-
pital of a province of the fame name,
with a bifhop’s fee. It is noted for fine
fweetmeats and chocolate; and has feve-
ral rich convents. It is 160 miles E of
‘Acapulco, Lon. 100 o Wy lat. 17 25.
GuBeEN, a town of Germany, in Lower
Lutatia, feated on the Neifle, 62 miles
NE of Drefden. Lon. 14.39 £, lat. 51 58.
GuBio, or EvGuBi0, atown of Italy,
in the duchy of Urbino, with a bifhop’s
{ee, 82 miles N of Rome. Lon.12 38,
lat. 43 16 .N.
GUELDERLAND, or GUELDRES, a
territory of the Netherlands. ‘The town
ot Gueldres and its diftriét belong to the
king of Pruflia; Ruremonde and its de-
pendencies to the houfe of Auftria; and
Venlo and Steven{waert to the United
Provinces.
GUELDRES, a town of the Nether-
lands, in the territory of the fame name.
In 1587, the governor betrayed this {trong
place to the Spaniards; and the Dutch
endeavoured in vain to recover it in 1637,
1639, and 1640. It was taken, in1702,
atter a long blockade, and a be obard-
ment of 14 days, by the king of Pruilia 5
on the gulf
ciano. Lon,
three audi-
don the Nw
m the NE by
e SE by the
ie sW by the
ed to be 750
and is fubdi-
f Guatimala
, Nicaragua,
The indigo
in quality to
a, and is cul-
ont.
1e capital of
f Guatimala,
yp’s fee and a
far from the
tala, the for-
oyed, June 7s
ake, attended
hbouring vol-
120,000 per
yifhed. New
w ot Mexico.
»f New Spain,
xico on the Ny
on thes. It
om, cochineal,
nines of gold,
ew Spain, ca-
le fame name,
noted for fine
and has feve-
160 miles E of
lat. 17 25.
any, in Lower
ifle, 62 miles
iy lat. 51 58.
town of Italy,
vith a bifhop’s
Lon. 12 38 E,
SUELDRES, a
s. The town
belong to the
e and its de-
Auttria; and
o the United
f the Nether-
e fame name.
yed this ftrong
md the Dutch
er it in 1637,
aken, in 1702,
a be abard-
ng of Pruifia
GUI
and by the peace of Utrecht, in 1713, the
French ceded it to that prince, in exchange
for the principality of Orange. It hur
rendered to the French in 1794. It is 10
miles Ne of Veulo. Lon. 6 0 £, lat. 51
20 N.
GUERANDE, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Loire and Jate pro-
vince of Bretagne. It carries on a con-
fiderable trade in white {alt, and is three
miles from the Atlantic, and 250 W by N
ot Nantes. Lon. 2 20 Ww, lat. 4.7 20 N.
GvuERET, a town of France, in the
department of Creufe and late province
of Marche, feated on the Gartampe,
35 miles NE of Limoges, and 170 5 of
Paris. Lon. 1 568, lat. 46 10 N.
GUERNSEY, an ifland off the coaft of
France, fubje&t to Great-Britain. It is
naturally ftreng, being firrounded by high
rocks, and of a round form, 30 miles in
circumference. ‘The natives {peak French,
it having been a part of Normandy, and
is ftill governed by the Norman Laws.
Lon. 2 37 Wy lat. 49 32.N-
GuerTa, a town of Spain, in New Caf-
tile, 60 miles E of Madrid. Lon. 1 56 w,
Jat. 40 22 N.
Guiana, acountry of S§ America, on
the coait of the Atlantic, between the
rivers Oroonoko and Amazon, and to the
N of Amazonia. ‘The Portuguefe pof-
fels the part adjoining the river Amazon ;
the French, the finall colony of Cayenne ;
the Dutch, Surinam, Bernice, Demerary,
and Iflequibo ; and the Spaniards, the
part next the Oroonoko. ‘The greateft
feat takes place in O¢tober, and continues
to March: this is fucceeded by viclent
uninterrupted rain till June, when parch-
ing heat again takes place till July, which
is again followed by inceffant rain till
O&ober. Dutch Guiana, is every where
level, and fo low, that, during the rainy
feafons, it is ufually covered with water
near two feet in height. This renders
the foil fo rich, that, on the furface, for
x2 inches in depth, it is a ftratum of per-
feét manure, and, as fuch, has been tranf-
perted to Barbadoes. On the banks of
the Iflequibo, 30 crops of ratan canes
have been raifed fucceflively ; whereas,
in the W India Iflauds, not more than
two are ever expected from the richeit
land. The interior parts of the country
are inhabited by favages, who have dit-
ferent languages and cnitoms ; and fome
et them build their houfes on trees, to
be fecure from the inundations of the
rivers,
GUIAQUIL, one of the nine juriftic-
tions of the proyince of Quito, in Peru,
GUI
Chocolate is one of its principal pro.
duéts.
GUIAQUIL, acommercial city of Peru,
capital of a jurifdiction of the dame name.
It is large and populous, and teated on
the river Guaquil, at its entrance inte
the bay of Guiaquil, rgo miles N by & of
Paita. Lon. 81 11 W, lat. 2 1125,
GutaRa, a feaport of Terra Firma, on
the coait of Caracca. Lou. 66 5 wy lat,
10 35 .N. .
GUIENNE, a late province of France,
which now torms the department of Gi-
ronde and that of Lot and Garonne.
GUILFORD, a borough in Surry, with
a market on Saturday. It is feated on the
Wey, on the declivity of a hill, and had
a caftle, now in ruins. The fummer af
fizes are alternately held here and at Croy-
don; but the election of members for the
county is always held here, and it fends
wo for the borough. It is a well-built
town, with two churches, and governed
by amayor. The Wey is navigable to
the Thames, and much timber and corn
are carried upon it. It is 23 miles wsw
of Croydon, and 30 sw of London. Lon.
© 29 Wy lat. 51 15 N.
GUILLAIN, St. a town of Auftrian
Hainault, feated in marfhy land, on the
river Haifne, fix miles wot Mons. Lon.
3 53 E, lat. 50 27 N.
GUILLESTREE, a town and caftle in
the Alps, once belonging to Dauphiny, in
France. It was taken by prince Eugene
in 1692, and is nine miles NE of Embrun.
Lon. 6 36 £, lat. 44 41 N.
GUIMARAENS, an ancient and cone
fiderable town of Portugal, in the pro-
vince of Entre-Douero-e-Minho. It has
formerly been the refidence of their kings,
and is divided into the Old and New.
The public buildings are magnificent. It
is 165 miles NE of Lifbon. Lon. 8 21 w,
lat. 41 35 .N.:
GUINEA, acountry of Africa, of which
little is known except the coait. It lies
within the tropic of Cancer, between 12° w
and 80° E lon. and is divided into the
Lower and Upper. This laft compre-
hends the Grain Coaft, the Tooth Coatt,
the Gold Coait, the Slave Coaft (which
includes Whidah and Ardrah) and Be-
nin, The lower part is commonly called
Congo. It is very unhealthy tor Euro-
peans, though the negroes live a confiler-
able time. ‘The natives in general go al-
moit naked, and there feems to be little
religion or honefty among them. The
commo‘ities purchafed here, are guin-
feneca, at Senegal; grain, upon the Grain
Cea; elephants’ teeth, upon the Tooth
Coat; the greateft plenty of gold, upon
the Gold Coaft; and all, in general, tur.
Rithilaves. ‘The English, Dutch, French,
Danes, and other nations, have factories
upon this coaft, and purchafe flaves, and
other commodities. f here are many little
flates, whofe chiefs the failors dignity
with the name of king; but very tew
deferve that title. ‘They are often at war
with each other, when the people taken,
on both fides, are fold for deve 3 and it
is not uncommon for the nearett of kin to
fell each other.
GuINEA, New, an ifland of the S
Pacific Ocean, to the N of New Holland,
from which it is feparated by Endeavour
Strait. The land in general is low, but
covered with fuch luxuriance of wood and
herbage, as can fcarcely be conceived,
‘Fhe cocoa-nut, bread-fruit, and plantain-
tree, befide moft of the trees, fhrubs, and
plants, common to the iflands in the S
Pacific Ocean, are found here in the
greateft perfection. The inhabitants
make much the fame appearance as the
New Hollanders. This ifland, which is
long and narrow, extends se from the
equator to 12° s lat. and from 131 to
153° £ lon.
GUINGAMP, 2 town of France, in the
department of the North Coaft and late
province of Bretagne, feated on the Trieu,
13 miles s of ‘Treguier. Lon. 3 8 w,
lat, 48 36 N.
GuIpuscoa, one of the three divifions
of the province of Bifcay, bounded on‘
the n by the bay of that name, on the
E by Wavarre, on the w by Bilcay Pro-
per, and onthe s by Alava. Tolofais the
capital.
GulIseE, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aifne and late province of
Picardy, with a caftle, feated on the Oife,
2§ miles £ of St. Quentin, and 95 NE of
Paris. Lon. 3 42, lat. gy §4N.
GusToor, one of the Northern Cir-
cars, in the peninfula of Hindooftan. It
is alfo called Mortinazagur and Conda-
vir, and occupies the fpace between Con-
dapilla, the fouthernmoft of the four Eng-
lifh Circars, and the N part of the Car-
natic ; extending more than 30 miles
along the bay of Bengal. The maritime
parts of this circar are flat and open, but
the interior parts contain fome very ttron
fortrefles and. pofts. It is fubject to the
nizam co the Deccan.
GUNTZBERG, atown of Suabia, in the
margravate of Burgaw, with a cattle,
feated on the Danube, 16 miles NE of
Ulm. Lun. 1025 £, lat. 48 35 N.
GUNTZENHAUSEN, a town of Jran-
GYF
conia, five miles from Weiflemburg. It
is feated on the Altmul, near a toreft,
and fubjeét to the king of Pruffia.
GuRK, a town of Carinthia, with a
bifhop’s fee, feated on the river Gurk, 55
miles e of Saltzburg. Lon. 14 18 Ey
lat. 47.12 N,
GusTrow, a city of Germany, in
the duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and
capital of the circle of Wenden. The
chief courts of judicature for the duchy
are held here; and it has an elegant
palace, in which the dukes fometimes
refide. It is 35 miles NE of Schwerin,
Lon. 12 13 Ey lat. 53 57 N.
Guta, atown of Hungary, feated on
the gE fide of the Danube, oppofite the
ifland of Schut, 25 miles gE by 8 of
Prefburg. Lon. 17 47 £, lat. 48 10 N.
Gurskow, a town ot Swedith Pome-
rania, capital of a county of the fame name.
It is feated on the Peene, 14 miles w of
Wolgatt. Lon. 13 39 £, lat. 54 0 N.
GUZERAT, a peninfula of Hindooftan
Proper, 200 miles long, and 140 broad,
formed by the Arabian Sea and the gulfs
of Cambay and Cutch. ‘The w part is
mountainous and woody, inhabited by a
wild hardy race, and governed by rajahs
of their own. But the largeft and fineit
part is included within the extenfive em-
pire of the Mahrattas. Amedabad is the
capital.
GwaALIor, an ancient fortrefs of Hin-
dooftan Proper, in the province of Gohud.
It ftands on a vaft'rock, about four miles
in length, but narrow and of unequal
breadth, and nearly flat on the top. The
fides are fo fteep as to’appear almoft per-
pendicular in every part; for where it
was not naturally fo, it has been {craped
away; and the height from the plain be-
low, is from 200 to 400 feet. Whe ram-
part conforms to the edge of the precipice
all around; and the only entrance is b
fteps running up the fide of the rock, de-
fended on the fide next the country by a
wall and baftions. ‘he area within is
full of noble buildings, refervoirs of
water, wells, and cultivated land; {o
that it is a little diftriS& within ittelf.
At the nw foot of the mountain is the
town, pretty large, and well built, the
houles all of ftone. This place is con-
fidered as the Gibraltar of the Eaft; but,
in 1780, major Popham took it by an
unexpected noéturnal efcalade. It is 80
miles s of Agra, Lon. 78 30 £, lat. 26
9 N.
GYFHORN, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Lunenburg, feated on
the rivers Aller and Wer, 25 miles
mburg. I¢
‘ar a toreft,
uffia.
hia, with a
er Gurk, 55
nN. 14 18 Ey
sermany, in
+hwerin, and
nden. The
r the duchy
an elegant
3 fometimes
yf Schwerin.
ry, feated on
oppofite the
E by 8 of
tL. 48 IO Ne
redith Pome-
e fame name.
+ miles w of
t. SE ON.
f Hindooftan
1140 broad,
ind the gulfs
le W part is
ibited by a
ed by rajahs
eft and fineit
‘xtenfive em-
edabad is the
trefs of Hin-
eof Gohud.
ut four miles
of unequal
he top. The
r almoft per-
or where it
been {craped
he plain be-
Vhe ram-
he precipice
trance is by
Ihe rock, de-
untry bya
a within is
efervoirs of
d land; {fo
ithin ittelf.
hntain is the
| built, the
ace ig con-
Eaft; but,
it by an
. Itis 80
E, lat. 26
rer Saxony,
feated on
25 miles
HAD
w of Brunfwick. Lon. 10 49 Ey lat. g2
49 Ne
H.
AAG, or Hac, a town of Bavaria,
feated on a hill, on the river Inn,
go niles £ of Munich. Lon. 12 15 Ey
Jat. 48 18 °N.
HacHa. See Rio-p&-LA-HACHA.
Hackney, a populous village to the
NE of London, and the firft that was ac-
commodated with carriages for occafional
paflengers: hence the origin of the name
ef the hackney-coaches of London,
HADAMAR, a town of Germany, in
Weteravia, with a caftle, feated near the
El{s, 22 miles Nw of Mentz. Lon. 8 0
E, lat. §0 23 .N.
HapDINGTON, a borough of Scotland,
inacounty of the fame name. Part of a
monaltery here is occupied as a parish
ciurch; and at a finall diftance are the
runs of a nunnery. Haddington is
feo. ton the Tyne, 18 miles £ of Edin-
ben, Lon. 3 39 w, lat. 55 58N.
HADDINGTONSHIRE, or East Lo-
THIAN, a county of Scotland, bounded
on the w by Edinburghthire, on the N by
the frith of Forth, on the £ by the Ger-
man Ocean, and on the s by Berwick-
fhire. It is 25 miles from £ to w, and
15 where broadeft. The foil is, in many
places, doubly productive : rich crops are
raifed on the furface; and the mines of
coal are inexhauftible, The fouthern part
is very mountainous, comprehending the
N fide of Lammermuir Hills; but thefe
high grounds feed many fheep.
HADERSLFBEN, a feaport of Den-
mark, in Sleiwick, with a ftrong citadel,
on a finall ifland, in a bay of the Baltic,
25 miles E of Ripen. Lon. 9 50 £, lat.
§§ 12 N.
HapDLey, a corporate town in Suffolk,
with a market on Monday. It is go-
verned by a mayor, and has a very hand-
fome church. Large quantities of yarn
are {pun here for the Norwich manutac-
ture; and it had a confiderable woollen
manufacture, which is now decayed. It
is feated on the Bret, 20 miles se of
Bury, and 64 Ne of London. Lon. 1 6
E, lat. 52 10 N
HADLEY, a village in Effex, five miles
sw of Rochford. Here are fome confi-
derable ruins of a caftle, on the brow of
a fteep hill, on a channel of the Thames
between Canvey Ifland and the hore.
HAv Ley, a village in Middlefex, n of
Barnet. Over the w door of the church
HAI
is the date 1498, and on the top of the
fteeple is an iron pitch-pot, originally
placed there as a beacon.
HaGGERSTOWN, a flowifhing inland
town of Maryland, in the fertile valley
of Conegocheague. It carries on a con.
fiderable trade with the we(tern country.
HaGrar, a town of Arabia Deterta,
87 miles N of Medina. Lon. 39 25
lat. 25 30 N.
HaGuE, a town of the United Pro-
vinces, in Holland, which may compare
with the hand/omeft cities in Europe, in
extent, the beauty of its palaces, its
ftreets, its agreeable walks, and its great
trade. It is feated two miles trom the
fea, and there is a pavement acrois the
fand hills, with trees oneach fide, which
leads to Scheveling, on the feathore.
The ancient counts of Holland refided
here; and it is the court, though not the
capital, of the United Provinces. As it
is not walled, and fends no deputies te
the flates, it is catled a village only.
The French took potfeffion of Hague
January 23, 1795. It is 1o miles nw
of Rotterdam, and 30 sw of Amiterdam.
Lon. 4 23 £, lat. 52 4N.
HIAGUENAU, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine and late pro-
vince of Allace. If was formerly a free
imperial city; but it was taken by the
French in 1673. It was feveral times
taken and retaken in fubfequent wars;
the lait time by the French in 1706. It
is feated on the Motter, which divides it
into two parts, 12 miles N of Strafburg,
and 255 £ of Paris. Lon. 7 53 Ey lat.
48 4.7.N.
HAILBRON, a free imperial town of
Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtemburg,
The inhabitants, who are proteftants, de-
rive a great advantage from the baths
near it, whence the town has its name,
which fignifies the fountain of health. It
is feated on the Neckar, over which is a
ftone bridge, 25 miles Ne of Stutyard,
Lon. 9 25 £, lat. 49 19 N.
HaiMBuRG,a town of Lower Auttria,
on the Danube, ro miles w of Prefburg,
and 25 £ of Vienna. Lon. 16 58 £, lat.
48 12 N.
Hain, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Milfnia. It has a manufacture of cloth,
and is feated on the Rhedar, 12 miles nw
of Drefden.
HAI-NAN, a confiderable ifland of the
China Sea, to the N of the gulf of
Cochin-China, and to the s of the province
of Quang-tong, fromwhich it is 12 miles
diftant. It is geo miles in circumference,
The foil of the x part is level; but im the
et
AOL Sen aE Sc
iw
j
Hy
'
|
|
“2 Pt a
Y
ow
4
ls
kz
be
| Es
4
6”
0.
a
I
ll
25
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
Qc : |
oe
HAL
@ ind £ are mountains, among which are
yallies that produce two crops of rice
every year. There are mines of gold and
fapis lazuli, which laft is carried to Can-
ton, to paint the porcelain, It produces
the fame fruits as China, befide fugar,
tobacco, cotton, and indigo. Among the
animals is a great black ape; with features
refembling thofe‘of the human face; but
the common fort of apes are gray, and
very ugly. The inhabitants are moitly
a wild fort of people, fhort and deformed,
and of a copper colour: they are clothed
from the waift downward only, and paint
their faces like other favages. Hiun-
tcheou-fou is the capital.
HAINAULT, a province of the Nether-
Jands; bounded on the n by Brabant, on
the nw by Flanders, on the w by Artois,
on the s' by ‘Cambrefis, Picardy, and
Champagne, and on the £ by the territo-
ries of Leige and Namur. It is divided
into Auftrian ainault, of which the ca-
pital is Mons; and French Haina lt,
which is included ‘in the department of
the North,
HAINAULT, a foreft in Effex, se of
Epping Foreft, fuppofed to ‘be fo called
from {ome of the deer, with which it vvas
ftocked, having been brought from the p ro-
vince of the fame name in the Netherlands.
In this foreft is a celebrated oak, known
through many centuries by the name of
Fairlop. Beneath its fhade, which ovier-
Spreads an area of 300 feet in circuit, an
annual tair has been long held on the 22d
of July. A fociety of archers, called
the Hainault Forefters, coniifting of forne
of the principal gentlemen and ladies of
the ceunty, march round this tree, at c er-
tain ftated times, dreffed in elegant wai-
forms, and attended by a ‘band of mufic.
HAINBURG, a town tof Auttria, on
the Danube, 35 miles £ o:f Vienna. Lon.
37 18 8, lat. 48 14.N.
HALBERSTADT, a tiuown of Lower
Saxony, capital of a principality of the
fame name. It was forr vetty capital of
the bifhopric of Halberftadt, now fecu-
larized. ‘The cathedral iss a tuperb ftruc-
ture; and here are three, regular abbies,
and two nunneries. Thi: Jews are tole-
rated, and carry ona g:reat trade; and
the inhabitants brew exi:ellert beer. It
is fubjeét to the king of J?ruffia, and
feated on the Hotheim, 32 niiles se of
Brunfwick. Lon. 11 24 £, | at. 52 6 N.
HALDENSTEIN, a free and indepen-
dent barony of the counti'y of t! 4e Grilons,
It confifts of a femicircular ,plain, be-
tween the Rhine and thi foot of Mount
Calendar, about five mikes in lt ngth, and
HAL
fearcely one in breadth. © It occupies alfo
part of the mountain, which is fo f{teep
as not to be inhabited. It contains only
two villages, Haldenftein and Sewils ; and
the whole number of the baron's fubje:}s
does not exceed 400. The ancient caitle
is now in ruins.
HALEN, a town of Auftrian Brabant,
on the river Geet, 24 miles w of Mac.
ftricht. Lon. 5 4 E, lat. 50 58 N.
Ha.es-OweEn, a town in Shropfhire,
inclofed by Worcefterfhire, fix miles 2 of
Stourbridge. The poet Shenftone was
born and buried here; and near it’ is the
much admired feat of Leaiowes, in the
decoration of which his whole forturie
was {pent.
HALESWORTH, a town in Suffolk,
with a market on Tueiday. Tt has a
trade in linen yarn and faileloth, and
about the town is raifed a great deal of
hemp. It is feated op a neck of land,
hetween two branches of the river Blyth,
28 miles Ne of Ipfwich, and 101 of
London. Lon. 1 40 8B, lat. 52 25 N.
Ha iput Is_anpD, an ifland in the N
Pacific Ocean, fo named by captain Cook
on account of the number of fine fith of
that name caught here. It is feven leagues
in circumference, and yery low and bar-
ren. Lon. 164 15 W, lat. 54 48 N.
HALIFAX, a feaport of Nova Scotia,
on Chebuécto Bay. The harbour is large
enough to fhelter a {quadron of men of
war through the winter.’ The town has
an entrenchment, and is ftrengthened with
forts of timber. It is 78g miles NE of
NewYork. Lon. 63 30 W, lat. 44 45 Ne
HaLirax, a town in the W riding of
Yorkihire, with a market on Saturday.
It is a very large parith, containing 12
chapels of eafe, and upward of 12,000
inhabitants, who are principally employed
in the woollen manutaéturc. This town
is the great mart for ftuffs, fuch as fhal-
loons, calamancoes, everlaftings, &c. It
has a large market-houfe, called the New
Piece Hall, and various others for parti-
cular goods. It is feated in a hilly coun-
try, neara branch of the Calder, 40 miles.
wsw of York, and 197 N by w of Lon-
don. Lon, 1 45 Ww, lat. 53 45 N.
Ha itz, a town of Poland, capital of
a territory of the fame name, in Red
Ruffia, with a caftle. It is feated on the
Dniefter, 46 miles s of Lemburg. Lon.
25 19 Ey lat.49 20 N.
HALLAND, a province of Sweden, on
the w coaft of Gotaland. It is 60 mile:
along the coaft, but not above 12 in,
breadth. Halmftadt is the capital.
HALLATON, 2 town in Leicefterfhirey,
t occupies alfe
ch is fo fteep
contains only
id Sewils ; and
aron’s fubjez}s
e ancient ca/tle
trian Brabant,
s Ww of Mae-
5° 58 N.
in Shropfhire,
, fix miles 2 of
Shenftone was
near it is the
aiowes, in the
whole forturie
nh in Suffolk,
ay. It has a
failcloth, and
great deal of
neck of land,
he river Blyth,
» and ror of
it. §2 25 Ne
ifland in the N
y captain Cook
‘of fine fith of
is feven leagues
'y low and bar-
- 5448 N.
f Nova Scotia,
arbour is large
ron of men of
The town has
engthened with
8g miles NE of
plat. 44 45 Ne
he W riding of
on Saturday.
containing 12
ard of 12,000
pally employed
:, This town
fuch as fhal-
ings, &c. It
alled the New
hers for parti-
h ahilly coun-
Ider, 40 miles.
by w of Lon-
45 N..
Aah ital of
ame, in Red
feated on the
burg. Lon.
f Sweden, on
It is 60 mile:
above 12 in,
capital.
Leiceiterfhirey,
HAM
with a market on Thurfday, 12 miles sez
of Leicetter, and 90 N by £ of London.
Lon. o 50 £, lat. 52 32 N.
HAuLeE, a difmantled town of Auftrian
Hainault. The church contains an image
of the Virgin, held in reat veneration.
It is feated onthe Senne, eight miles ssw
of Bruffels. Lon. 4 20 8, lat. 5046 N.
HAu.ée, 2 confiderable town of Upper
Saxony, in the duchy of Magdeburg,
with a famous univerfity, and falt-works.
It is feated on the Sale, 40 miles E of
Magdeburg. Lon. 12 8 £, lit. 51 36 .N.
Have,a fice imperial city of Suabia,
famous for its falt-pits. It 1s feated on
the Kocher, among rocks and mountains,
37 miles NE of Stutgard. Lon. 9 528,
lat.49 20 N.
HALLE, a town of Germnny, in Tirol,
fix miles NE of Infpruck. Lon. 11 338,
lat. 47 14 .N. é‘
HALLEIN, a town of Germany, in the
archbithepric of Saltzburg ; feated en the
Saltza, among mountains that abound in
mines of falt, which are the chief riehes
of the town and country. It is feven
miles se of Saltzburg. Lon. 13 12:8,
lat. 47 33N.
HaLmsraprT, a ftrong feaport of Swe-
den, capital of Halland, fituate on a bay
of the North Sea, 80 miles ssz of Go-
theborg. Lon. 12 48 By lat. 56 39 N.
HALSTEAD, a town in Effex, witha
market on Friday, and a manufacture of
bays and fays. It is feated on the decli-
vity of a hill, at the foot of which runs
the Coln, 16 miles n of Chelmsford, and 47
NEof London. Lon.o 45, lat. §1 59N.
HALTEREN, a town of Germany, in
the bithopric of Muniter, feated on the
Lippe, 25 miles sw of Munfter. Lon.
7 278, lat. 51 40 N.
HALTON;y a town in Chefhire, with a
market on Saturday. It has an ancient
caftley which, with the barony, belongs
to thefduchy of Lancafter, and maintains
a large jurifdiGtion round it, by the name
of. Halton Fee. It is feated near the
Merfey, 13 miles NB of Chefter, and 184
NNW of London. Lon. 2 47 W, lat. 53 23 N.
HALva, a town of the kingdom of
Fez, feated on the’ Cebu, eight miles s
of Fez. Lonss 5 w, lat. 33 32 N.
Hams; a ftrong tc wn of Weftphalia,
capital of the county of Marck, feated
on the Lippe, 24 miles: s of Muniter.
Lon. 7 50 B, lat. sx 36'N,
Ham, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Somme and late province of Pi-
cardy, with a ftrong, caftle, in which
fome members of the French national
sonyention have been confined. {t is
HAM
feated on the Somme, 48. miles N of Parisy.,
Lon. 3 6 £,, lat. 49 45_N.
Ham, a village in Surrey, one mile
from Kipgfton. Near it is Ham. Walks,
celebrated by Thomfon and other poets.
Ham, WEST, a village in Effex, where
are the remains of an opulent abbey,
founded in 1135. It is featedon the river
Lea, tour miles £ by N of London.
Ham, East, a village in Effex, ad-
joining to Weft Ham. In this parith is
a {pring called Miller’s Well, the water
of which has never been known to Freeze,
or to vary in its height.
Hamad, a large town of Syria, feated
among the hills. The belt houfes, the
mofques, and the caftle, are built of
black and white ftones. ‘The river Affi,
formerly called Orontes, runs clofe by the
caftle, and fills its ditches, which are cut
deep into the folid rock. The inhabitants
have a trade for linen of their own manu-
fa&ture. It is,78 miles sw of Aleppo.
Lon, 34 55 4, lat. 36 15 N.
, HAMAM:T, a town of Barbary, on a
gulf of the fame name, 45 miles s of
Tunis. Lon. 10 15 8, lat. 36 35N.
Hamar, a town of Norway, in the
government of Aggerhuys, 60 miles ng
of Chyiftiania. Lon. 11 § B, lat. 60 30 N.
HAMBLEDON HILL, near Sturmintter,
in Dorjetthire. Here was a Roman camp,
and ma.:v Roman coins have been dug up.
At is the antagonift camp to that of Hog
Hill, and extends £ and w three quarters
of a mile.
Hampura, a free imperial city. of
Germany, in the duchy of Holftein, con-
filting of the Old Town and the New
Town; both nearly of an equal fize.
Moft of the houfes are built after the
manner of the Dutch, and richly fur-
nifhed within. ‘The principal ftreets of
the Old Town have long and Ceved canals,
which are filled by the tide. It is feated
on the rivers Elbe and Alfter ; the latter
before it enters the town by fluices, forms
a fine bafin. Hamburg is well fortified,
and on the ramparts are handfome walks.
The burghers mount guard themfelves,
and are divided into feveral companies.
The fenate of this town is compofed of
four burgomafters, of whom one only is
a tradefman ; four fyndics; 24 fenators,
of whom 11 are men of letters, and the
reft ‘tradefmen ; four fecretaries, one of
whom is a prothonotary, and another be-
longs,to.ths, archives; fo that the whole
fenate. confifts of 36, perfons. The town
is divided into five parifhes; and eut of
each are formed feveral colleges, or ¢om-
panies, whe take cane public affairs,
bf
i
i
|
HAM
-unlefs there is any thing too high for
their determination, and then it is Fudged
by a fort of general aflembly. Hamburgh,
from its fituation, has-all poffible advan-
tages for foreign and domeftic trade; par-
ticularly from its communication, by the
Elbe, with fome of the principal navi-
gaole rivers of Germany; and hence it is
one of the moft commercial places in the
world. There are not lefs than 200 fhips
st a time, belonging to fereign mer-
chants, at anchor before the city; and
there is a handforac exchange. The in-
habitants are Lutherans, and none bat
the Englith have the liberty of perform-
ing divine fervice in a chapel of their own.
Other religions are tolerated at Altena,
a large town near the harbour of Ham-
burg; except the Jéws, who have no fyna-
gogue. Befide the five principal churches,
there are 11 fmaller ones for particular
‘occafions, fome of which belong to hofpi-
tals. The cathedral of Our Lady is a
very fine ftruture. Hamburg is 55 miles
8x of the mouth of the Elbe in the German
Ocean, and 55 NE of Bremen. Lon. 9
S55 £, lat. 5334N. * et
HAMELBURGH, 2 town of Franconia,
tn the territory of the abbey of Fulde,
feated on the Saab, 28 miles sz of Fulde.
Lon. 10 12, lat..g0 r6'N." ie
Hame in, a ftrong town of Germany,
in the duchy of Calenberg,' at thie extre-
mity of the duchy of Bruntwick, of which
it is the key. It is fituate at the conflu,
ence of the Hamel and Wefer, 25 miles
sw of Hanover. Lon. 9 36 £, lat. 526 N.
HAMERSTEIN, a Caftle and village of
Germany, belonging to the elector of
Treves. The caftle is feated on a lofty
mountain, on the E fide of the Rhine,
two miles N by w of Andernach. “
Ha-M1, a country fituate to the NE of
‘China. Though furrounded by deferts,
it is accounted one of the moft delightful
countries in the world. Its rice and
‘fruits, particularly the melon and dried
raifins, are in hi 4 efteem in China. It
isa kingdom, tributary to that country;
and its capital is of the fame name.
HamMILron, a town in Lanerkhhire,
with the ruins of a collegiate church,
founded in 14.51. Near it is Hamilton
Houfe, the magnificent feat of the duke
of Hamilton. The town’ is fituate on
the Clyde, 10 miles: sz of Glafgow.
‘Lon. 4 16 W, lat. 55 58-N. .
HAMMERSMITH, a ‘ar;
jMiddlefex, feated on the ‘Fhames; four
miles’ w of Londoni Here is Branden-
‘lurg Houfe, the magnificent feat-of the
‘Margrave of Anfpach, ~~
/ village in -
HAM
HAMMERSTEIN, a fortrefs of Ger-
many, upon the Rhine, oppofite Cobientz,
belonging to the ele&tor of Treves.
HAMONT, a town of Germany, in the
bifhopric of Liege, 17 miles w of Rure-
wmonde, Lon. 5 31 E£, lat. 51 17 N.
HAMPSHIRE, HANTSHIRE, or HANTS,
a county of England, bounded on the #
by Berks, on the £ by Surry and Suffex,
onthe s by the Englith Channel, and on the
w by Dorfethhire and Wilts. It extends,
exclufive of the Ifle of Wight, 42 miles
from N to 8, and 38 from g£ tow. It
contains 39 hundreds, one city, 20 mar-
ket-towns, and 253 parifhes; and fends,
with the Ifle of Wight, 26 members to
parliament. . It is one of the moft agree-
able, tertile, and populous counties in
England. The air is pure and piercing,
efpecially on the downs, of which a ridge
runs almoft acrofs the county feeding
plenty of theep. Befide wheat, barley,
and hops, it is famous for bacon, honey,
and timber; the la(t in particular, on ac-
count of its great woods, of which the
principal arc the New Foreft, and the
foreft of Eatt Bere. The principal rivers
are the Avon, Teft, Itchen, and Stour.
Southampton is deemed the county-town,
but the affizes are held at Winchefter.
See NEw Forest.
HAMPSHIRE, New, one of the United
States, bounded on the » by Canada, on
the NE by the diftrict of Main, on the
SE by the Atlantic, on the s by Maffa.
chufets, and on the w and nw by the
river Connecticut, which feparates it from
Vermont. It is divided into the five
counties of Rockingham, Stafford, Hilf-
borough, Chefhire, and Grafton. The
land near the fea is generally low, but,
advancing into the country, it rifes inte
hills. The air is ferene and healthful;
the weather not fo,fubje&t to variation as
in the more fouthern climes. From the
vicinity of fome mdvftains, whofe fum-
mits ‘are covered with fhow moft of the
year, this country is intenfely cold im
winter. In fummer the heat is great,
but of thort duration. The capital is
Portfimouth. ;
HamPsTeEap; a village in Middlefex,
four miles NNW of London, formerly
famous for its medicinal waters. It is
feated on the declivity of a ‘hill, on the
top of which is*a fine. heath that com.
mands a delightful profpeét. ‘
HAMPTON, or MINCHING HAMPTON,
a town in Gloucefterfhire, with a market
‘on Tuefday. It is feated:on the Cotef.
wold Hills,'14 miles sof Gloucefter, and
go Wot London, Lon. a 15 W, lat. §3-36.8.
fs of Ger-
te Cobientzs
‘reves.
nany, in the
w: of Rure-
117 N.
or HANTS,
ed on the ®
y and Suffex,
2], and on the
It extends,
ht, 42 miles
Etow. It
ty, 20 mar-
; and fends,
members to
> moft agree-
counties in
nd _ piercing,
vhich a ridge
unty feeding
heat, barley,
acon, honey,
cular, on ace
of which the
reft, and the
‘incipal rivers
1, and Stour.
county-town,
- Winchefter.
of the United
y Canada, on
ain, on the
s by Maffa-
nw by the
arates it from
nto the five
tafford, Hilf-
afton. The
lly low, but,
it rifes inte
d healthful;
b variation as
. From the
whofe fum-
moft of the
fely cold im
at is great,
he capital is
in Middlefex,
bn, formerly
aters. It is
‘hill, on the
h that come
HAMPTON,
ith a market
the Cotef-
oucefter, and
late 53-36%.
HAN
HAMPTON, a feaport of Virginia, near
the mouth of James River, 24 miles sz of
Williamfburgh. Lon. 76 28 w, lat, 37
SN.
HAMPTON, a feaport of New Hamp-
fhire, 40 miles n of Bofton. Lon. 740
W, lat. 43 5.N.
HamprTon, a village in Middlefex,
famous for a royal palace, called Hamp-
ton Court, built by cardinal Wolfey,
who gave it to’ Henry vitt, ‘The build-
ings, gardens, and parks, to which
William 111 made many additions, are
four miles in circumference. It is feated
on the N fide of the Thames, 14 miles
sw of London.
HANAU, a county of Germany, in
the circle of the Lower Rhine, which
belongs to its own prince. It is 45 miles
in length, but the breadth is finall;
bounded on the E by the county of
Rheinee and the territory of Fulde, on
the w by the counties of Weiflemburg
and Solms, and on the N and s by the
‘territories of Mentz and Francfort. Its
foil is very fruitful.
Hanau, a ftrong town of Germany,
capital of a county of the fame name.
It is divided into two towns, the Old
and the New, and is feated near the
Maing, 18 miles NE of Darmitadt. Lon.
$8 55 £, lat. 49 56 N.
HanG-THEOU-FOU, the capital of the
rovince of Tche-kiang, in China. It
18 four leagues in circumference, exclu-
five of its fuburbs, and contains more
than a million of inhabitants. It is feated
on a {mall lake, called Si-hou; has under
its jurifdigtion feven cities of the {econd
and third clafs; and is 225 miles se of
Nan-king. Lon. 120 20 £, lat. 30 21 N.
Hanover, an electorate of Germany
‘in the circle of Lower Saxeny. It com-
pee at firft, only the county of
awenroad; but now it contains the
duchies of Zell, Saxe-Lawenburg, Bre-
men, Lunenburg, and the principalities
of Verden, Grubenhagen, and Overwald.
George 1 of Great Britain, was the firtt
that gained poffeffion of all thele ftates,
which lie moitly between the rivers
Weler and Elbe, and extend 200 miles
in length; ‘but the breadth is various,
being in fome places 150 miles, and in
Others but 50. Their produce is timber,
cattle, hogs, mum, beer, and bacun; a
little filver, copper lead, iron, vitriol,
brimflone, ‘quickfilver, and copperas.
Hanover, a city of Germany, capi-
tal of the king of Great Britain’s German
dominions. ‘The eleStors refided here
betore George’'1 aftgnded the Britifh
HAP
throne ; and the regency is now admi.
niftered in the fame manner as’ if the
fovereion was prefent. It is a well built
town, and well fortified. ‘The eftablithed
religion is the Lutheran; but the Roman
catholics are tolerated, and have a hand.
fome church. ‘The French took it in
1757, but were foon alter expelled. It is
feated on the Leina, which divides it
In two, 25 miles w of Bruniwick. Lon.
10 § £, lat. 52 25 N. '
HANOvER, a town of Virginia, on
York River,
Hanover, New, a large ifland in
the $ Pacific Ocean, oppofite the Nw ex-
tremity of New Ireland. It is high, and
covered with trees, among which are
many beautiful plantations.
NAN-TCHONG-FOU, a large and po-
pulous city of China, in the province of
Chenfi. It has 16 cities of the tecond
and third clafs under its juri{diftion, and
is feated on the river Han, $45 miles sw
of Pekin. Lon. 106 558, lat. 32 45 .N.
Hants. See HAMPSHIRE.
HANuye, a town of Auttrian Bra-
bant, 20 miles sz of Louvain. Lon.
§ 16 £, lat. 50 41 N.
HAN-YANG-FOU, a populous and come
mercial city of China, im the province of
Hou-quang. It has one city under ite
jurifdition.
Hapage, the name of four of the
Friendly Iflands in the S$ Pacific Ocean.
They are oi fimilar height and appear.
ance, and connected by a reef of coral
rocks, dry at low water. The plantations
are numerous and extenfive; and fome
of them are incloied in fuch a manner,
that the fences, running parallel to each
other, form {pacious public roads, that
would appear ornamental in countries,
where rural conveniences have been car-
ried to the greateft perfeétion. Thete
iflands extend about 19 miles.
HAPSAL, a {eaport of Ruffia, in the
government of Revel, feated on the Baltic,
five miles sw of Revel, oppofite the
illand ot Dago. Lon. 22 47 £, lat. 5g
4N.
Ha7sBura, an ancient caftle, now in
ruins, on a lofty eminence, near Schintz-
nach, in Swifferland. What is:left of it
is now inhabited by the family of a
‘peafant. This caftle was the crddle, as
-it were, of the houfe of Auftria} whole
anceftors may be traced back to the begin-
ning of the’ 13th century, when they were
‘no’ more than fimple barons of* Swiffer.
land; and it commands an’ unbounded
‘view over hills and dales, “plains ard
fevit s, rivers and lokes, towns and vil-
R 2 ,
HAR
Jages, emblems of that extent of power
to which the talents of one man, who
derived his title from this caftle (Rodolph
count of Hapfburg) raifed himfelf and
his defcendants. There is another caftle
of the fame name, near the lake of Lucern,
which fome authors have erroneoufly
afferted to be that from which.the counts
derived their title. See CuRMANy.
HARBOROUGH, a town in Leicefter-
fhire, with a market on Tuelday, feated
on the Welland, 14 miles 8 of Leicetter,
and 33 N by w of London. Lon. o 52
w, lat. 52 28 N.
HARBURG, 2 town of Lawer Saxony,
in the duch of Lunenburg, with a ftrong
caftle. It .s feated on the Elbe, oppofite
Hamburg, 37 miles Nw of Lunenburgh.
Harcourt, 2 town of France, in the
department of Calvados and late province
wf Normandy. Hence a late noble fa-
mily in Wrance derived their ducal title;
and hence originally came the noble fa-
mily of the fame name in England. It is
. 12 miles s of Caen.
HARDERWICK, a town of Dutch
Guelderland, with a univerfity. It was
often taken and retaken in the civil wars
_of the 16th century; and the French
took it, and demolithed the fortifications,
in 1672. It is feated on the Zuider-Zee,
32 miles £ of Amitterdam. Lon. 5-40
E, lat. 52 23.N.
HARFLEUR, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Seine and late pro-
vince of Normandy. Its fortifications
have been long demolifhed, and its har-
bour choked up. The Englith took it by
aflault in 1415. It -ftands at the mouth
of the Seine, 36 miles Nw of Rouen.
Eon. 0 19 £, lat. 49 30 N.
HaRLeEBeck, a tovn of Auftrian
Flanders, on the river Lis, three miles
we of Courtray. Lon. 3 29 £, lat. 50
$2 N. ;
“HARLECH, a towa in Merionethhhire,
with a market on Saturday.
ona rock, on Cardigan Bay, and but a
poor place, though the county-town and
overned by a mayor. Here is a caftle,
uilt by Edward:1, almoft entire. It is
a8 miles ssz of Carnarvon, and 213
NNW of London. Lon. 46 wy lat. 52
54.N. .
-HARLEM, 2. populous city of the
United ‘Provinces, in Holland, : memo-
rable: for the fiege it held out. againf
the Spaniards in 1573, for ten months;
the townfinen,. before they capitulated,
‘being reduced to eat the vileft animals, -
and even leather and grafs. The church,
‘which is the large *» Holland, is adorned
It is feated.
HAR
with the fineft organ in Europe. It cone
filts of 8000 pipes; the largeR 38 feet
long, and 16 inches in diameter; and
there are 68 ftops, of which the moft
wonderful is the vox humana. Harlem
is feated near a lake of the fame name ;
ard to the s of the town is a wood, cut
into delightful walks and viftas. This place
claims the invention of printing; the
firft attempts in the art being attributed
to Laurentius Cofta, a magiltrate of. the
city. It is fituate 10 miles w of Am-
fterdam. Lon. 4 38 £, lat. 52 24. N.
HARLEM Menrg, a lake of Holland,
near Harlem, 14 miles long and the
fame broad. It lies between Leyden,
Harlem, and Amfterdam ; and is naviga-
ble, but fubje& to dangerous ftorms; on
which account, the canals from Leyden
to Amfterdam were made, as a fafer
HARLESTON, a town in Norfolk, with
a market on Wednelday, feated on the
Waveney, 16 miles s of. Norwich, and
100 NE of London. Lon. 1 20 £, lat.
$2 26 N. ‘
HARLING, a town in Norfolk, with a
market on Tuefday. It manufaétures a
little linen-cloth, and is 24 miles sw of
Norwich, and 88 NE of London. Lon.
© 58 £, lat. 52 27 N.
HARLINGEN, a feaport of the United
Provinces, in Friefland, of which, next
to Lewarden, it is the largeft and moft
populous. It is 13 miles w of Lewar-
den. Lon. 5 :4 8, lat. 539 N.-
Har.tow, a town in Effex, feven
miles Nw of Chipping Ongar, Ona
common, two miles from the town, is a
tamous annual fair on the gth of Septem-
ber, called Harlow Buth Fair, mucty fre-
quented by the neighbouring gentry.
HaRMONDSWORTH, a Village in Mid-
dlefex, two miles & by N of Colnbrook.
It is remarkable for one of the largeft
barns in England, whofe fupporting
pillars are of itone, and fuppofed to be
of great antiquity.
HARO, a town of Spain, in Old Cattile,
feated on the Ebro, and the. chief place
of acounty. Lon. 2 23 wy lat. 22 40 N.
Harris. See Lewis.
HARRISBURGH, the capital of the
county of Dauphin,sin-Pennfylvania, on
the £ branch of the Sufquehanna. Lon.
76 55 W, lat. gors.N.
HaRRODSTOWN, a town of Ken-
tucky, in the’ county of Mercer, on the
head waters of Salt River.
‘HarrocarTe, a village in the W
riding of Yorkfhire, two miles w of
Kuaretborough, It is famous for medi-
» It cone
eR 38 feet
veter; and
. the moft
1. Harlem
ame name 3
wood, cut
. This place
nting; the
attributed
rate of the
w of Am-
2 24.N.
of Holland,
yg and the
en Leyden,
d is naviga-
; ftorms; on
rom Leyden
as a fafer
lorfolk, with
eated on the
lorwich, and
320 Ey lat.
sfolk, with a
anufactures a
miles sw of
yndon. Lon.
of the United
‘ which, next
reft and moft
of Lewar-
g N.
Effex, feven
gar, Ona
e town, 18 a
h of Septem-
hir, mucly fre-
D entry.
lage in Mid-
f Colnbrook.
bf the largeft
fe fupporting
ppoled to be
n Old Cattile,
e. chief place
lat. 22 40 N.
pital of the
infylvania, on
anna. Lon.
of Ken-
rcer, on the
in the W
miles W of
bus for medi-
AAS
@inal {prings ; one of which is the ftrongeft
fulphur water in Great Britain, and
is juccefsful in dropfical, fcorbutic, and
outy cafes. i‘he jeafon is from May to
Michaelmas and the company affemble
and lodge in five or fix large inns, each
houfe having a long room and an ordinary.
It is 206 miles x by w of London.
Harrow, a village in Middlefex, on
the higheft hill in the county} on the
fummit of which is the church, with a
lofty fpice. Here is a celebrated free-
{ehool, tounded by Mr. John Lyons, in
the reign of queen Eliabeth. It is 10
miles WNW of Londoy. u
MARTFORD, a commercial town of
the United States, in Conne@icut, feated
on the w fide of the river Connecticut,
so miles frem its entrance intc the
Sound. It is divided by a {mall river,
ever which is a bridge. It is 50 miles
w of Botton.
HARTLAND, a town in Devonhhire,
with a market onSaturday. It is feated
on the Briftol Channel, near a promon-
tory, called Hartland-point, 28 miles w
of Barnftaple, and 213 Ww by s of Lon-
don. Lon. 4°41 wy lat. 51 12 N.°
L[ARTLEPOOL, a feaport in the county
of Durham, witha market on Monday.
It is commodioufly feated on the German
Ocean, partly furrounded by rocks and
hills, 16 miles se of Durham, and 254
N by w of London. Lon. 1 4 w, lat.
54.47 N.
Hart ey, a town in Northumberland,
nw of Tinmouth, where lord Delaval
has conftruéted a haven, whence coil is
fhipped to London. © A canal is cut
through a folid-rock to the harbour; and
here are alfo large falt, copperas, and
gla works.
. Ha twicu,:a fea and borough in
Effex, with a market on Tuefday and
Friday. It is governed: by a mayor,
fends two members to parliament; ‘and is
feated on a tongue of land, oppofite the
united mouths of the Stour and.Orwell.
Here the packet-boats are ftationed that
go to Germany and Holland. . It has a
capacious harbour, and a doek for the
‘building of men of war. The’ entrance
into the harbour ig defended by a ftro
_ fortrefs, called Landguard Fort, ‘built
on'a fandy'point on the Suffolk fide of
the water, but within the jurifdiftion of
Effex. Harwich is 42 miles & by N of
Chelmsford, and 72 ENE of London.
Lon, 1 25 £, lat. 52 0 N.
HASLEMERE, a borough in Surry,
with a market on Tuefday. It fends
two members to parliament, and is 32
HAT
miles sw of Guilford and 42 of London,
Lon. o 38 w, lat. 51 6 N.
HASLINDEN, a town in Lancafhi
with a market on Wednefday, 16 niles
nN by w of Manchefter, and 196 NNw
of London. Lon. 2 16 w, lat. 53 wo N.
_Hasseut, a town of the United Pro-
vinces, in Overyffel, feated on the Vichet,
five miles N of Zwoll.
Hasse.t, a town of Germany, ia the
territory of Liege, feated on the Demer,
14 miles NW of Maeftricht.
HasTInos, a borough in Suficx, with
a market on Wednefday and Saturday.
It is one of the Cinque Ports, and fends
two members to parliament. Here Wil-
liam the Conqueror landed, in 1066, and
Harold 11 was flain in battle. It had
once a ftrong caftle, now in ruins, and
its harbour is maintained by a fmall
river. It is feated between a high cleft
toward the fea, and a high hill toward
the land fide, 24 miles E of Lewes, and
64 sz of London. Lon. o 46 EB, lat. se
52 N.
HATFIELD, a town in Herts, with 3
market on Thurfday. It formerly belonged
to the fee of Ely, but was alienated to the
crown in the reign of Elifabeth. It
had before been an occafional royal re-
fidence, pd cy it was the pro-
perty of the church. William of Hatfield,
fegond fon of Edward 111, was born here
and hence Elifabeth, on the death o
Mary, was conduéted to afcend the
throne. James 1 exchanged this royal
demefne with fir Robert Cecil, afterward
earl of Salifbury, for Theobalds; and on
the fite of the epifcopal palace, that trios
bleman built the prefent magnificent feat
called Hatfield Houfe. It is feated of
the river Lea, 20 miles NNW of London.
Lon, 0 10 Wy lat. 51 48 N.
‘ HATFIELD+ Broap-Oak, or Hat-
FIELD-REGI8, a town in Effex, with
a market on Saturday, 30 miles NNE of
London. Lon..o-20 8, lat. 51 48 'N.
“\HATHERLY,-a town in Devonhhire,
with a market on Friday, 26 miles Nw
of Exeter, and a¢1 w by 8 of London.
Lon. 49 W, lat. 50 52 N.
Hartsgm, a town of Dutch Guelder-
land, taken by the French in 1672, who
demolithed the fortifications. It is feated
on the Yeffel, five miles sw of Zwoll.
HATTENGEN, a town of Weftphalia,
in the county of Marck, feated on the
Roer, 17 miles ENE of Duffeldorp. Lon.
714.8, lat. 651 17 N.
HaTuan, a town and fort of Upper
Hungary, feated on a mountain, 28 milgs
NB of Buia,
R 3
HAV
HAVANNAH). a feaport on the Nw
part of Cuba, oppofite Florida. It is
two miles’ in circumference, and famous
for its large harboury that will hold
x000 veflels, and yet has a mouti fo
narrow, that oniy one fhip can enter ata
time, which entrance is well defended by
forts. This is ‘the place where all the
fhips that come from the Spanith fettle-
Ments rendezvous on- their return to
Spain... The buildings are elegant, built
of ftone, and fome or them fuperbly fur-
nifhed; and the churches are rich and
magnificent. It is the capital of the
ifland, where the governor and captain-
general refides, and alio an afleflor for
the afiftauce of the governor and cap-
tain-general of the W indies. It was
taken by the Engiih in 1762, but re-
ftored to the Spaniards in 1763. It is
feated onthe w fide of the harbour, and
watered. by two branches of the river
Lagida. Lon. 2 13 w, lat. 23 12 N.
co Havant, a town in Hamphhire, with
a market on Saturday, feven miles NE of
Portimouth,. and 64 w by s of London.
Lon. o 58 RE, lat. 50 52 N.
. HAVELBERG, a town of Germany,
in the electorate of Brandenburg, with a
fecularized bishop's jee. It is seated on
the Havel, 37 miles Nw of Brandenburg.
Lon, 12°26 E; lat. 53 5 Ne
HAVERFORDWEST, a borough in
Pembrokethire, with a.market on, Tuef
day and ,Saturday.:: Iu is a town and
county of itfelf, governed by a mayor,
and, feated on the fide of. a hill, on a
ereck..of Milford-Haven, over which is
a ftonebridge, It is. a-.arge handfome
place, inhabited by many genteel fa-
puilies, and contains three parity churches,
Jt. has. a confiderable, trade, with (everal
veflels belonging to. ity and fends one
member to parliament. “The afiizes and
couaty goal are kept here; and it had
‘ence a wall and cattle now demolithed,
It is:15 miles:s by: £.0f Ste; David's, and
329 w by N of London, »Lon, 5 o \w,
Jat. 51°50 N. . F no. i84 ryties
HAVERILL, .a town in Suffolk, with a
market on Wednefday, and.a manvfac-
ture of: checks, cottons, and-fuftians.
It is 16 miles sw of Bury,-aid 59 NE
of London. Lon. o 28 £, lat. 52 6.N.
Haverinc Bower, a village in
Effex, three miles NE of Rumford]? It
was once ‘the feat of a royal palace, in
which died Joan queen of Henrytv.§ ©
Havas be-fohaen, a confiderable
feaport of France, in the department of
Lower Seine and late province of Nor-
mandy, with a ftrong citadel, and a
HEB
od arfenal. It was bombafdew’ by the
nglith in 1694 and 1759, and is feated
at the mouth oi the Seine, 45 miles w of
Rouen, and 112) Nw of Paris. Lon. o
11 E, lat. 49 29 N.
HAUTE-RIVE, a town of France, in
the department ef Upper Garonne and
late province of Languedoc, feated on the
Arsricye, 10 miles s of Touloufe. Lon.
126 £, lat. 43.26 N. er
HAUTVILLIERS, a town of France,
in the department of Marne and late pro-
vince of Champagne, with a late famous
rich abbey. Jt is {eated on the Marne,
20 miles 8 by £ of Rheims.
Hawick, a town in Roxburghhhire,
feated on the ‘l‘iviot, amid wooded
rocks, cataracts, and bridges, 15 miles
sw of Kelfo.
HAWKSHEAD, a town in Lancahhire,
with a market on Monday, 24 miles
NNW of Lancafter and 273 of London,
Lon, 3 6 w, ‘lat. 54 24 N..
Haws-wWaTER;:a lake in Weftmor.
land, 6 of Penrith, three miles long,
and half a mile over in fome places. Ie.
is almoft divided in:the middie by a pro-
montory of inclofures,: that it confifts of.
two theets of water,;
Hay, a town in Brecknockthire, with
a market on Saturday, feated between
the Wyll and Dylas, 15 miles ne of
Brecknock, and 151 w by s of London,
Lon. 34 Ww, lat. 51 59 N.
Haye, a town of France, in the des
partment of Indre and Loire and late pro-
vince of ‘Touraine.. Jt is the birthplace
of Des Cartes, and feated on the Creufe,;
25 miles s of Tours, and 135 sw of
Paris. Lon. 0 46 £, lat. 46 56 N..
HAYLSHAM, a town in Suflex, with a
market on Saturday, 12 miles E of Lewes,
and 58 sz of London. - Lon. 0;20 E,
lat. 50°'§5.N.
HEADFORD, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Galway, 12 miles. N.of Galway.
Lon. 0 3 w, lat. 53 29 N.
!'HgAp oF ELK, a town of the; United
States, jn Maryland, ‘fituate, near the
head ‘of: the bay of Chefapeak, on a
fmall-river of its own name. It enjoys
os advantages from the serine trade
between Baltimore and,. Philadelphia,
heing about 50 miles fromeach.
+, HEAN, @ town of Tonquin, on. the
river Domeéa, 20 miies 8:0f. Caghao, and
Bo N of the bay of: Tonquin. .' i
.ccHEBRIDES, or WESTERN, ISLANDS,
numerous iflands on the w_ coaft of
Scotland, the principal of. which are Skye,
St. Kilda, Lewis and Harris, Uift, Can-
nay, Statf2, Mull, Jura, and Ifley, .
ded? By the
d is feated
miles w of
s. Lon.o
France, in
aronne and
‘ated on the
ufe. Lon.
of France,
nd late pro-
late famous
the Marne,
sburghfhire,
iid -wooded
3, 15 miles
Lancahhire,
, 24 miles
of London.
1 Weftmor-
miles long,
places. It.
le by a pro-
t confifts of:
kfhire, with
ed between
niles NE of
ot London.
, in the de-
ind late pro-
birthplace
the Creufe;
and, in the
of Galway.
the, United
, Rear the
leak, on a
It enjoys
ing trade
iladelphia,
n, on the
aghao, and
) bb
ISLANDS,
are Skye,
ift, Cane
Miley, 2 4
coaft of
HEt
‘HesasOas, New, iflands in the 3
Pacific Ocean, difeevered by Quiros in
1606, and confidered as part of a great
fouthern continent, under the name of
Tierra Auitralia del Efpiritu Santo.
They were next vifited by Bougainville
in 176%, who did no more than difcover
that the land was not conneéted,. but
compofed of iflands, which he calied
the Great Cyclades. Captain Cook, in
1774, afcertained the extent. ana !:tuation
of the whole group, and gave thei the
name they now bear. They lie between
14 29 and 20 4 8 lat, and 166 41
and 170 25 E lon. extending 125 leagues.
The principal iflands are Tierra del
Efpiritu Santo: and Malicollo, befide {e-
veral of leis note, fome of which are,
from 18 to 25 leagues in circuit. In
general, they are high and mountainous,
abounding with wood, water, and the
ufual productions of the tropical iflands.
The inhabitants are of very different ap-
pearances at different iflands;but are chietly
of a flender make and dark colour, and
moft of thers have frizzled hair. Their
canoes and houles are fmall, and poorly
conftructed ; and, except their arms, they
have fcarcely.any manufacture, not--even
for clothing. ‘They are, however, hof-
pitable » and goodnatured, when not
prompted’ to.a contrary conduct. by the
Jealoufy, |which the unufual appearance
of European vifitors may naturally be
fuppofed to excite... wl
Hecta, Mount. See IcrLanp. |
_ HEDAMORA, a town of; Sweden, in
Weftmania, feated on the Dahh «55 miles
Nw of Upfal. Lon. 17 7 By: dat. 60
WN, '
HEIDENHEIM, a town of Suabia, with
a palace belonging to the houie of Wur.
temburg.. It was taken by the French in
Auguft 1796, and is 22 miles N of Ulm.
Lon. ro 9.8 lat. 48 47 N.
HEILDELBERG, 1a city of Germany,
capital of the palatinate of the Rhine,
with a celebrated univerfity. It.is noted
for its great tun, which holds 800 hogi:
heads, mena kept full of good Rhenifh
wine. It ftands in a pleafant rich country,
and was a famous feat; of Jearning ; ‘but
it has undergone fo. many/calamities,
that it is nothing now to What it wae
formerly. ‘iit was reduced to a heap of
ruins in 16225 by the Spaniards; and the
rich! library:.was: tfaniported, ‘ partly to
Vienna, and partly to. the Vatican at
Rome. It was burnt by the. French ‘in
1674. The’ proteftant electoral houfe
becoming extiné&, in 1693, a bloody
war epiued, in: which ths caftle was
HEL
ruined ; and the elestor moving his re-'
fidence to Manheim, carried moft of the.
people of diftinétion with him, Heidel-
erg is feated on the Neckar, over which
is a bridge, 12 miles NE of Spire. Lon,
8 48 EB, lat. 49 20 N.
HBILA, a town of Weftern Pruffia, at
the mouth of the Viftula, on the Baltic
Sea, 12 miles N of Dantzic. Lon. 19
25 BE. lat. 54 53 N.
Hrivecen-Have, a feaportof Hol-
ftein, feated on the Baltic, oppofite the.
ifland of Femeren, Lon. 10 57 Ey late
54.30 Ne ; ; i
HEILIGELAND, an ifland of, the Ger-
man Ocean, between the mouths of the
Eyder and the Elbe. It belongs to the
king of Denmark,. Lon. 8 20 £, lat, 54+
21 N. ’
HEILIGENSTADT, a town ,of Gers
many, capital of the territory of Etchfet,
belonging to the.elector of Mentz. It is
feated at the confluence of the Geifland,
and Leina, 30 miles Nw of Eifenach.,
Lon. 10 14 8, lat. 51 22 N.
HELENA, St, an ifland in the At-
lantic Ocean, 20 miles in circumierences:
belonging to the Englith E India Com-
pany. It has fome high mountains, par-
ticularly one cailed Diana’s Peak, which
is covered with wood to the very tops:
There are other hills alfo, which. bear evi«
dent marks of a volcanic origin; and
fome have huge rocks of lava and a kind
of. half vitrihed, flags. The country;
however, is tar. from, being: barren, the in-
terior vallies, and. little ils, being co.
vered with rich verdure, and .inter{perfed
with gardens, orchards, and various. plan-
tations. There are alfo many paftures,
furrounded by inclofures of ftene, and
filled. with a fine breed of finall, catue,
and with: Englifh-theep. Every valley is
watered by..a rivulet, and the ifland can
fupport 3000 head of its finallcattle.. The
beet is’ juicy, delicious, and very fat.
The. number of, inhabitants. does not ex-
ceed. 2000, including near 500 foldiers,
and 600 flaves, who are {upplied with all
forts,of manutaétures. by the company’s
fhips, in return for.:cefrefhments. The
town, is finall, fituate,in a valley, at the
bottom of a bay on the $ fide of the ante :
between two fteep. dreary mountains ; an
is well defended , by forts and batteries,
This ifland was difcovered by the Portu-
guefe, in 1502, on St. Helena’s Day,
whence it had its name. Afterward, the
Dutch were in pofleifion of it till 1600,
when they were expelled by the Englith.
In 1673, the Dutch retook it by fur.
prife ; but it was ean after recovered.
4
HEL
It lies between the continents of Africa
and S America, about 1300 miles w o
the former, and: 1800 Bg of the latter.
Lon. 5 49 Ww, lat. 15 55s.
- HBviger, St. the capital of the ifland
of Jerfey, in the Englifh Ciannel, feated
in the bay of St. Aubin, where it has a
harbopr, and a ftone pier. The inhabit-
ants are computed ‘to be 2000. At the
top of the market-place is the ftatue of
iy in bronze, gilt. In the
church, where prayers are read alternately
in Englifh and French, is a monument
to the memory of major Pierfon, who fell
here in the moment of victory. Lon. 2
Yo Wy, lat. 49 11 N. See JERSEY.
Heciezr, Sr. a little ifland, near the
town of the fame name, in the bay of St.
Aubin, on the s fide of Jerfey. It took
its name from El.rius, or Helier, a holy
man, who lived in ~~ a many cen-
turies ago, and was flain by the
dtl His cell, with the fous beds
is ftill fhown among the rocks; and, in
memory of him, a noble abbey was founded
on this ifland. On the fite of this abbey
now ftands Elifabeth Caftle, a very large
and ftrong fortification, and the refidence
of the governor and garrifon of Jerfey.
Jt occupies the whole ifland, which js
near a mile in circuit, and is furrourided
by the fe. ary half flood; and hence,
at‘ low we 7a pallage to the town of
St. Helier, ciiied the Bridge, -i.c!f a mile
long, and formed of fand and ftones.
HELL-Gars, @ celebrated ftrait of N
America, near the w end of Long Ifland
Sound, eight miles’ of New York. It
is remarkable for.its whirlpools, which
are -eccafioned by the nartownefs and
crookednefs of the pafs, and 2 bed of
rocks extending quite-acro{s it; but, ‘at
proper times of tlié:tide, & tkilful pilot
may condué& a thip of any burden
through this ftrait. _ ;
_ HeuMmspAveg, a river in Sutherland-
fhire, which defcends from the mountains
bordering on Caithnefsfhire, and rolling
over it’ rocky bottoin toward the Ord of
Caithnéfs, becomes; ‘at that place, ‘deep,
rapid, and dangerous. At its mouth, in
the German Ocean; °is a good falmon
fithery. 8 2A A
HEEMONT, a town of Dutch Brabant,
with a ftrong cattle, feated on the Aa, 17
miles sz of Bois-le-Duc. Lon. 5 47 2,
lat. 51 grN.
HELMSLEY, or HELMSLEY-BLACK-
_ MORE, a town in the N riding of York-
fhire, with a market on Saturday. It
had formerly a caftle, and 1s feated an
the Rye,' 20 miles N ‘y York, and 220
HEN
N by w of London.
54 19 Ne ;
HELMsTapt, a town.of Germany, in
the duchy of Brunfwick, with a univerfity,
22 miles Ng of Brunfwick. Lon. 11 16 E,
lat. 52 16 N.
HELSINBURG, or ELSINBURG, a {ea-
port of Sweden, in the province of Scho-
nen, feated on the oppofite fide of the
Sound, feven miles ge of Elfinore, and
37 sof Halmftadt. Lon. 13 2 £, lat. 56
2N.
HELSINGFORS, a town of Swedith
Finiand, ieated on a rifing fhore, near {e-
veral rocks and huge fragments of gra-
nite. It has a commodious harbour in
the guif of Finland, and is 150 miles g
of Abé. Lon, 25 of, lat. 60 20N.
HELstoNn, a borough in Cornwall,
with a market on Monday, feated on the
Coher, near .its influx into Mountfbay.
It is one of the towns appointed for the
coinage of the tin, and a little below it is
a harbour, where feveral of the tin thips
take in their lading. It is governed by
a mayor, fends two members to parlia-
ment, and has the Jargeft market-houfe
in the county. It is 11. miles sw of Fal-
mouth, and 274.w by s of London. Lon.
$ 15 B, lat. 50 2 N.
HELVOETSLUYS, a feaport of Hol-
land; on the ifland of Voorn. : Here fome
of the Dutch men of wat-are laid up in
ordinary; and it is the regular ftation of
the Englifh packet-boats from Harwich.
It furrendered to the: French in Janua
1795; and is five miles s of the Briel,
Lon 4°29 '8, lat. 51 45 N.
HEMPSTED, or HEMEL HEMPSTED,
a corporate town in Herts, with a market
on Thurfday ; feated among the hills, on
a branch ofpthe Coln, 18. miles sw of
Hertford, aid 23 NWof London. Lon.o
15 w, lat. 51 47 N. @.* 4
HEnBury, avillage in Gloucefterhhire,
near. Briftol, two miles from St. Vincent's
Rock. In this parifh is a camp, with
three rampires and trenches, fuppofed to
have betn Britith. In digging up this
hill in: 1707, great numbers of Hoenah
coins were found." *
HENLEY, a corporate town in Oxford-
fhire,, with a market on Wednefday,
Friday, and Saturday, It:is. feated on
the Thames, over which is a ftone bridge,
and fends malt, corny wood; &c. to Lon-
don, by barges. It.is 2¢ miles 9¢ of Ox-
ford, and’ 35 w of'Lopdén, Lon, o
46 w, lat. 51°35 N, }
HENLEY, a town ‘in Warwickhhire,
with a market-on tte lm on the
Alne, ro miles nw of Warwick, apd
‘ Lon, row, lat.
raw, lat.
Germany, in
a univerfity,
LON. 33 16 Ey
\URG, a fea-
ince of Scho-
fide of the
Elfinore, and
3 2 Ey lat. 56
of Swedith
lore, near {/e-
nents of gra-
; harbour in
150 miles B
60 20N.
in Cornwall,
feated on the
y Mountfbay.
inted for the
tle below it is
’ the tin fhips
governed by
ers to parlia-
market-houfe
es sw of Fal-
,ondon. Lon.
port of Hol-
iy Here fome
are laid up in
ular ftation of
Harwich.
tH in Januar
of the Briel,
HEMPSTED,
with a market
g the hills, on
- miles sw of
non. Lon. c+ ]
” \
loucefterfhire,
b St. Vincent's
: camp, with
s, fuppofed to
ring ¥. this
rs of Roman
wn in Oxford-
Wednefday,
-is. feated on
‘ftone bridge,
» &c. to Lon-
niles. 9¢ of Ox-
on, Lon, 9
aywickthire,
feated on the
arwick, apd
HER
102 WNw of London. Lon.1 50 Ww,
lat. §2 23 .N.
HENNEBERG, a county of Franconia,
bounded on the w by ‘Thuringia, on the
w by Heife, on the 8 ter bifhopric
of Wurtzburg, and on the B by that of
Bamberg. It abounds in mountains and
woods, but is populous and fertile. It
is divided among {even different fove-
reigns. Mainungen is the capital.
HENNEBERG, a town of Franconia,
in a county of the fame neme, with a caf-
tle, 34 miles Nw of Bamberg. Lon. 10
38 Ey lat. 50 40 N,
HENNEBON, a town of France, in the
department of Morbilan and late. pro-
vines of Bretagne, feated on the Blavet,
22 miles Nw of Vannes. Lon. 3 4 Wy
late 47 50 Ne:
H&NRICHEMONT, a town of France,
in the department of Cher and late pro-
yince of Berry. Xt was the capital of a
diftrict which Hensy iv gave. to his mi-
nifter the duke of; Sully. Its original
name was Bois-Belie; but Sully ye it
the pre‘ent name, in gratitude for the
privileges which the king had annexed
to it. Asthe {oil in the environs. is not
excelk:nt, the town is, in a manner, de-
ferted ; and the family alienated it. to
Lewis XV, in 3767.. It is feated on the
Saudre, 15 miles NNE of Soar:
Henry, Cape, the s cape of Virginia,
at the entrance of Chefapeak'Bay.: Lon.
76 § W, lat. 36\ 56 .N. ;
__ HEPPENHEIM, :a town of Germany, in
the eleGtorate of Mentz, with a cattle and
an abbey ; feated between Heidelberg and
Darmftadt, about ..14. miles from ‘each:
Lon, 8 41 Ey lat. 49 29 Ne. ee ols
, HERACLEA, an ancient feaport of Ro-
mania, with a Greek archbifhop's fee.
It wag formerly very famous; and. there
are ftill confiderable remaiis:of antiquity.
Jt is 50 miles w of Conftantinople. Lon.
27 58 E, lat. 40. 59:N. rho
HERAT, 2 town of Perfia, in Korafan,
1609 miles sg of Mefched. Lon. 61
© £, Jat. 34 30.N, A
HRAULT, a department of Frazice,
fo named from a river which fallsiinto the
gulf of Lyons. It includes part of the
jate province of Languedoc ; and the capi-
tal is Montpellier. i
HERBEMONT;; a town of Auftrian
Luxemburg, with a caftle on a mountain,
near the river Semoy, three miles Nw of
Chiney. 4 ts
HERBORN; a town of Germany, in the
circle of the Upper Rhine and territory
of Naffay, with.a famous univerfity and
woollen manufacture, eight miles sw. of
Dillenburg. Lon, 8 20 £y late 50 40 Ne
HER
HEREFORD, the capital of Hereford.
fhire, with a market on Wednefday, Fri.
day, and Saturday, and a bithop’s fee. It
is almoft encompafled by the Wye and
two other rivers. It had fix parith
churches, but two of them were demolith-
in the civil wars. In 1786, the w tower
of the cathedral, with a part of the body
of the church, fell down; but it has been
fince rebuilt. The chief manofaGure of
Hereford is gloves. It is governed by'a
mayor, and fends two members to parlia-
ment. It is 24 miles wsw of Worcefter,
and 130 wNw of London. Lon. 2 35
W, lat. 52 4.N. Lwin
HEREFORDSHIRE, a county of .E
land, 47 miles long; 35 broad ;
bounded on the g by Gloucefterthire and
Worcefterthire, on the w by Kadnorthire
and Brecknockshire, on the N by Shrop-
fhirey and on the s -by Monmouthhhire.
It contains 1 hundreds;..one city, eight
market-towns, and 176) parifhes ; and
fends eight members to parliament. ‘The
air is temperate and healthy; ‘and the foit
exceedingly rich, producing excellent cork
and fruit, as is evident from the Leomin-
fter bread, Weobly ale, and Herefordthirt
cider; the-laft of whicli'is fent'to all
of England. The apples. producing the
cider grow in greater abundance here, thin
in any other county, ‘being plentiful
in the hedge-rows. Of thefe are vari
kinds, but the mofti celebrated is the red:
ftreak, which is faid to..be: peculiar to
this county. , The theep of. Herefordthire
are fmall, affording’ ‘a fine filky wool, in
quality approaching to the Spanith. The
— rivers’ aie the Wye, Mynnow,
i Lug. ;
» oft ERENTHALS) a town of Auftriah
B ant, : feated on, the Nethe, 20 tiles
NE. Of: Louvain. | Lon. ¢ 54:8, lat. ‘st
2BNe OU STtR
Herrorp, or HeExvoRDEN, ‘2° free
imperial town of Weftphalia, capital: of
the county of Ravenfburg, with a famous
nunnery, belonging’ to the proteftants of
the confeffion of Augfburg, whofe abbefk
‘isa princefs of the empire. It is feated
onthe Aa, 17 miles sw of Minden. Lon,
847 B, lat. 52 9 N.° .”
. CHERGRUNDT, a town of Upper Hun-
gary, remarkable for its mines of vitriol,
which. are extremely rich. ‘The miners,
who are numerous, have built a fubter-
raneous town.: It.is 65 miles Nof Buda,
Lon. 18 158, lat..43° 30 Ni
Hert, an ifland in the Indian Ocean,
two miles NNW of Ternate. It is not
more than two miles in circumference
.and appears to be in a pertect ftate'o
cultivation, and well inhabited,
HER
. Mexrsav, a confiderable commercial
town of Swifferland, in the canton of Ap-
nzel, noted for its manufa&tures of very
ne linen and muflin. It is feven miles
aw of St. Gall. 4
Herk, » town ‘of Germany, in the
bithopric of Liege, feated on a river of
the fame name, near its confluence with
the Demer, two miles w of Maettricl::,
Lon. 5 38 B, lat. 50 52 N.
HERMANSTADT, a large and ftrong
town, the capital of Traniylvania, with a
bithop's fee. It is feated on the Ceben,
25 miles & of Weiffemburg, and 205
sE of Buda. Lon. 24 40 &£, lat. 46
25 .N.
Hernuvut, a famous place in Upper
Lufatia, in the territory of the eleétor of
Saxony, between Zittaw and Loebau.
Here, in 1722, fome perfecuted Moravian
brethren (defcendants of the church of
the ancient United Brethren, eftablithed
an Bohemia and Moravia, as early as the
year 1456) fettled in the fields. of the
‘village of Berthelidorf, belonging to count
Zinzendorf, and began to ‘build another
village. “They were joined by fome pro-
_teftants, who had been bred in other fo-
cieties. “They all agreed in adopting the
eonfeffion of Augfburg, and lived as bre-
thren, without analog about particu-
Jar {entiments ; and when, after fome time,
the number (of thofe admitted from other
proteftant churches, became greater than
the number. of: the Moravian brethren
they took the. name of Evangelical Bre-
thren, or The Brethren’s Unity of the
Augfburg Confeffion. ‘They confidered
count Zinzendorf::as their bithop:and' ‘fa-
ther, and were, for fome time, called.Hern-
hutters, as this place continued noose og
cipal nurfery. +. They were afterward ex-
tended into many different countries ;
were introduced into America, in 1743, .
‘by. count Zinzendorf, and fettled at Beth-
‘Iehem in Pennfylvania. ‘Their focieties,
«which are now numerous in that country,
afford | the :moft « pleafing examples. of
piety and virtues'.of decency and: good
erder. See BETHLEHEM, Liti1zq and
NAZARETH... ;
HERNOSAND, a feaport of Sweden, on
the w coaft of the gulf of Bothnia. Lon.
17 58.B, lat. 62 38 N.
HegsTAt, a town of Germany, in the
bifhoprie of Liege, with an ancient caftle,
feated on. the Maefe, three miles..n. of
Liege. Lon: 5 40 £,. lat. 50 40N.
‘HERTFORD, the county town of Herts,
with a market on Saturday. : . it is feated
on the Lea, which is here navigable for
barges, as it was once for ships. In 879,
HES
the Daries ereéted two forts here, for thd
fecurity of their thips; but Alfred turned
the courle of the river, fo that their vef-
fels were left ‘on dry ground. Edward;
the eldeft fon of Alfred, built a caitle
here, which has been often a royal refi-
dence. ‘The town fends two members to
ey so. is governed by a mayor, and
ad formerly:five churches, but now only
two. It is two miles w. by s of Ware;
and 21 N of Londor.’ Lon. o 1 5; ht,
53 5ON. "a
HERTFORDSHIRE, or HERTS, acoun-
ty of England, 36 miles long’ and 28
broad; bounded on the n by Cambridge-
fhire, on the E by Effex, on the Nw by
Bedfordthire, on the w ‘by Bucks; and on
the s.by Middlefex. ‘ It contains eight
hundreds, 19 market-towns, and 174 pa-
rifhes ; and fends fix members ‘to parlia-
ment. Then part’ ‘is ‘hilly, (forming a
{cattered part ot the chalky ridge which
extends acrofs the kingdom in this di-
reftion. A number of clear ftitams
take their rife from this fide.” Flint
ftones are fcattered in great profufiori over
the face of this county; and‘becs of chalk
are frequently to be met with, It is
found, however, with the aid of-proper
culture, to be extremely’ favorable to
wheat and barley, which come: toas great
perfeétion here as in any part of the kirg-
dom, The w part is, in general, a toler-
able.rich foil, and:undér‘excellent-cultiva-
tion. The air is.-wholefome ; and the
prunied rivers ‘are the Lea; Stort, ‘and
oln. fitiay ee
- HERTZBERG, aconfiderable: town in
the elegtorate of Saxony, 35 miles Nt of
Drefden. Lon. 13 17 £, lat. 51 41 NL
HERZEGOVINA, .a town of Turkith
Dalmatia, capital of a diftrict of the fame
name. | wai LY
HESsDIN, ‘a trong town of France, in
the department of the Straits of Calais‘and
late county of Artois, feated on the
Canche; 25 miles!ssw of St. Omer,
and 165 N of Paris. Lon. 2 6 8, lat,
50 24 N. .
‘Hesse, a country of Germany; in the
circle of the ‘Upper Rhine ; bounded ‘on
the Nn. by the: bifhoprie of Paderborn and
duchy-of. Brunfwick, on the B by Thu-
ringia, on the s by thc.cemtiorv of Fulde
and Weteraviay. and. on: the w by the
counties of Naflau, Witgenftein, Hatz-
feldt,and Waldeck. ‘The houfe of Hefle
is divided into four branches; namely,
‘Heffe-Caflel, Homburgh, Darmftadt, and
‘Rhenfeld, each of which, has: the «it. 2 of
landgrave, and takes its name from. ue of
the tour: principal: towns... This councry
a
here, for the
Alfred turned
that their vef-
nd. Edward
built a caitle
a royal refi-
ro members to
a mayor, and
but now only
y sof Ware;
n.o 1; ht,
ERTS, acoun-
long’ and. 28
yy Cambridge-
on the Nw
Bucks, and on
contains ‘eight
5 and 174 pa~
ers to parlia-
ly; forming a
y ridge which
n-in this dis
clear ftreams
fide. ” Flint
profufiory over
bes of chalk
pe It is
aid of - proper
favorable ned
mMe-toas great
rt of the kirg-
neral, a toler-
ellent-cultiva-
me; and the
pa; Storty ‘and
able: town in
s miles NW os
at. s 41 N.
of Turkith
& of the fame
pf France, in
of Calais:and
rated on the
f St. Omer,
1 2 6 Ey lat.
any; in the
bounded ‘on
aderborn and.
le B by Thu-
Larv of Fulde
e w by the
ftein, Hatz-
oufe of Hefle
hes; namely,
mftadt, and
sithe cite of
e from. une of
r his consmery
HIE
fe 100 miles in length, and g0 in breadth,
and {urrounded by woods and mountains,
in which are mines of iron and copper. In
the middle are fine plains, fertile in corn
and paftures; ond there is plenty of em
and all forts cf fruit. Hops are likewife
cultivated, which ferve to make excel-
Jent beer; and birch-trees «ve af com-
mon, from the fap of which a deal of
wine is made.
HEUKELUM, or HOEKELUN, a town
of the United Provinces, in Holland,
featud on the Linghe, five miles Ne of
Gorcum. Lon. 4 §5 By lat. 51 55 N.
HEUSDBN, a ftrong town of the United
Provinces, in Holland, feated on the Maefe,
withacaitle. It was taken bythe French,
in 1795; and is eight miles Nw of Bois-
Je-Duc. Lon. 5 3 E, lat. 51 44.N. ©
HexuHaM, a town in Northumberland,
with a market on Tuefday. It is feated
on the river Tyne, and was formerly fa-
mous for an abbey. Near this place, in
1463, was fought a battle, between the
houles of York and Lancatter, in which
the latter was defeated. Hexham. has a
manufacture of tanned leather, thoes, and
gloves ; and is 22 miles w of Newcattle,
and 284 NNW of London. Lon. 2 1 w,
Jat. 55 3.Ne
' Heypan, a borough in the BE riding
of Yorkhire, with a market on Thu:.-
dey. It is feated on.a river, which foon
falls into the Humber; and was formerly
a confiderable town, but is now much
decayed. It is fix miles w of Hull, and
381 N by w of London. Lon.o 5 w,
lat. 53 45.N.
HEYLESEM, a town of Auftrian Bra-
bant, 14 miles sz of Louvain. Lon. 5
7 E; lat. 50 45 Ne
.. HEYTESBURY, a borough in Wilts,
that. fends two members to parliament,
but has now no market... It .is:20 miles
Nw of of Salifbury, and 93 w. by 8s of
‘London. Lon. 2 8 Wy, lat. 51 ‘12 Ne
HIaAMEN.. See Emovy,
Hizres, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Var and late provinc: of Pro-
vence, feated near the Mediterranean Sea ;
but its harbour. being choaked up, it is
‘Row. much, decayed; Inno other part of
France is nature fo uniformly beautiful:
during great part of the winter, the ver-
dure,is as)fine as in the fpring ; ie
ma rdens, green peas ma gother-
ed. This ep the birth, ace of Maf-
fillon, the celebrated French preacher.
It ig,.12 miles & of Toulon, -and 350
8 by 8 of Paris. Lon, 620 £; lat. 43
5: Ne
Hienes, ifands of France, on the
HIM
coaft of Provence. They are four iq:
number; namely, Porquerollos, Porteros;
Bagueau, and Titan, which laft is the
large(t. Between thefe iflands and the
continent, is the road of Hieres, which i¢
fo capacious and excellent, that it has af-
forded thelter for the largeft {quadrons,
and no inftance of a fhipwreck has ever
occurred here, It is defended by three
forts.
Hiero. See FERRO.
Hiesmes, a town of France, in the
department of Oyne and late province of
Normandy, feated on a barren moutain,
10 miles from Seez, and’go w of Paris.
HIGHAM FERRERS,- a borough ‘is
Northamptonthire, with a market on Sa-
turday. It had formerly a caftle, now ia
ruins; is governed hy a mayor, and fends
one member to parliament. It is feated
on an aicent,'on the river Nen, ‘25 miles
ESE oi Coventry, and'66 NNW of Lon-
don, Loa. o 40 Wy; lat. 52.49 Ny”!
HicHGAars, a: village .in: Middlefex;
i)
,
feated on 2 hill; & of that of Hampiftead
and four miles N by w-of London. Here
lord chief, baron’ Cholmondely built"
freefchool in 1562, which was enlarged,
in 1570, by Edwin Sandys, bithop of
Lov.don, who.added a chapel to it. .
HIGHWORTH, a.town in Wilts, with
a market on Wednelday. It is feated on
@ hill, which ftands ina rich plain, 36
miles N of Salifbury, and 77 w'of Lon-
don. . Lon. 140 Wy, lat. 51 36:N. '
HILDESHEIM, a free imperial city of
Lower Saxony, in a bifhopric of the famc
name. In: the cathedral is a ftatue of
Herman, the celebrated German chief;
It is divided into the old and new towns,
each af which has: its‘'feparate council ;
and its:inhabitants are Lutherans and pa-
pifts.. It is feated on’ the Irnelte, 19
miles'.ssB of Hanover, Lon. 10 10 8,
lat.<52 10 N. Lek
HILDBURGHAUSEN, @ town of Fran-
coniay ina duchy of the fame name, and
principality of Cobourg. ' It is feated on
the Werra; and is fubje&t to the duke of
Saxe-Hildburghaufen,who has a_palace
here. It is 22 miles nN by w of Cobourg,
Lon. 11 3 By lat. 50°53 N.
: HILLSBOROUGH, 1a town of N Caro.
lina, 180 miles w byincof .Newbern.
HiMMALEH, Mounty a vat chain of
moungains in Afia,! which ‘extends’ from
Gaby! along .the Nn of:Hindooftan, and
is the general’. boundary’: of Thibet,
through’the whole extent ‘from the Gan-
ges tathe river Teefta; inclofing between
it and Hindooftan, a tra& of country,
from. 300 to 380, miles in’ breadth, di.
¢
HIN
vided into a number ef {mall ftates, none
ot which are underftood to be either tri-
bataries or teudatories of Thibet ; fuch
Sixinagur, Napaul, &c. This ridge
3s precifely that defigned by the ancients,
under the names of Emaus and the Indian
Caucaius. The natives now call it Hin-
o-ko (the Indian mountains). as well as
Beri which lz: is a.san{crit word,
fignifying /xowy; its fummit being co-
vered with {now.
_ HINCHINBROOK IsLAND; one of the
New Hebrides, in the S Pacific Ocean.
Lon. 168 33 E, lat. 17 25S.
HINCKLEY, a town in Leicefterthire,
ith a market on Monday.: It has a
church with a lofty..{pire, and a
confiderable ftocking manufacture. |‘ It is
32.miles sw of Leicetter, and 9: NNW of
London. : Lon. 3°20 Ww, lat. 52 34.N. -
, HINDELOPEN, a feaport of the United
Provinces, in Friefland, feated on the
Zuider-Zee, 20 miles sw of Lewarden.
Lom. 5 10 By lat. 52 58 N.
_HinsLopen, Care, 2 cape of N Ame-
Kica, on the s fide.of the mouth of the
Delaware, Lon. 75/3 wy lat. 38 47 N.
. Hinpon, a:borough in Wilts, wih a
' market on Thurfday. It fends twomem-
bers to parliament; and is 20 miles w of
Salifbury, and 97 w. by s of London.
Lon. 2 9 w;) lat. 51:6 .N.
,» Hinpoo-xo.SeeHIMMALEH,Mownr.
..Hinposran, or Inp1a, a celebrated
region of Afia, which, iy its moft.ex-
tenfive fignification, comprifes’ all the
countries between the mountains of Tar-
tary and Thibet onthe n, the river Bur-
rampooter and:the bay of Bengal on the
Ey.the Indian Ocean on the: s, and the
fame ocean and ‘Perfia on the w. But
this country muft be confidered under the
three ren divifions! of Hindooftan Pro-
er, the Deccan; and the Peniniula,
Findooftan Proper includes all the pro-
vinces that lie to the nw’ of th. river Ner-
budda,: and. the foubahs of Bahar and
Bengal. The principal of which are Agi-
mere, Agra, Cathmere, Delhi, Guzerat,
Lahore, Malwa, Mou!tan, Oude, Rohil-
cund, Sindy, &c. ‘The Deccan has been
extended to the whole region s of Hin-
dooftan Proper; but in its moft proper
fenfe, it means only the countries fituate
between Hindooftan Proper, the Carnatic,
the Weftern Sea, and Oriffa. The traét
8 of thefe, or the river Kiftna, is. gene-
sally called the Peninfula; although its
‘form is far from authorizing that appel-
Jation. To give an idea of the: modern
revolutions in the empire of Hindooftan,
jt is proper tc obferye, that from a pure
HIN
Hindoo government, it became, at laff,
a Mahometan fate, and continued to be
fo, under various dynaities, till the begin-
ning of this century. The firft irruption
of the Mahometans was in the year 1000.
From this period the provinces of Hin-
dooftan were held rather as tributary
kingdoms, than as provinces ‘of the
fame-empire; and the conquet of the
Deccan, in particular, was’ for ages ah
obje& of confiderable importance, to the
emperors. In 1498, the Mogul Tartars,
under the conduct of Timur, or Ta-
merlane, invaded Hindooftan;. but the
conqueft of. the country was not effected
till 1525, by Sultan’ Baber, one of his
defcendants, who, from’ this cireum-
ftance, was, in reality, the founder of
the Mogul peace and hence Hindoo-
ftan has been called the Mogul Empire,
and its chief, the Great Mogul. ‘The if-
luftrious Acbar, his fon, failed in his
attack upon the Deccan; an attempt, in
which many of his fucceflors were equally
unfortunate, and which tended, in ‘the
fequel, to the decline and diffolution of the
empire. In 1615, the emperor Jehan-
guire, his fon, received fir Thomas Roe,
as the firft. Englith ambaffador’; ‘and ‘the
Portuguefe had, by this time, acquired
confiderable fettlements in Ben aed
Guzerat.. In the reign of his’ grandfon
Aurungzebe, which lafted' from 1660 to
1707, the empire attdined-its full extent ;
his authority reached from 10 to -4 5? lat,
and nearly as meh in‘ lon. and his re-
venue exceeded’ $%,060,0001. ‘ftérling,
But, in the courfe of 50 years after his
death, a fucceffion of weak princes, and
wicked minifters, reduced this aftonifhin
empire to nothing. I a word, inftead
of' finding the emperors’ attempting now
the conqueft of the Deccan, their empire
was attacked’ by the powerful nizam of
that country, through whofe contrivance,
Nadir Shah, the Perfian ufurper, invaded
Hindooftan in 1738. The weak em-
peror, Mahomed -Shah,. threw himfelf
on the clemency of the invader, who
entered Deth:, and demanded thirty mil-
lions fterling by way of ranfom. Nadir,
afterward, evacuated Delhi, and left the
nizam in poffeffiow' of the whole remaine
ing power of the empire, which he facri-
dee to his own views in the Deccan,
where he eftablifhed an independent king-
dom. Mahomed Shah died in 1747, hav-
ing feen the Carnatic and Bengal become
likewife independent, under their re-
fpe&tive nabobs ; -an independent ftate' tdo
fosrned by the Rohillas (a tribe from the
mountains between India and Perfia) on
ame, at Taff,
tinued to be
ill the begin
irft irruption
e year 1000.
ices of Hin-
as tributary
nces ‘of the
que of the
‘for ages ah
ance, to the
gul ‘Tartars,
Aur, or Ta-
an;. but the
not effected
» one of his
this cireum-
' founder of
nce Hindoo-
ul Empire,
a. “Phe if-
failed in his
1 attempt, in
were equally
nded, in 'the
olution of the
peror Jehan-
Thomas Roe,
dor’; ‘and ‘the
me, acquired
Bengal ‘aud
his’ granidfon
om 1660 to
s full extent ;
© to 457 lat,
re his re-
Dl. ftérlin
ars after te
princes, and
s aftonifhin
ord, inftea
mpting now
heir empire
ful nizam of
contrivance,
per, invaded
weak em-
ew himfelf
vader, who
bah mil.
m. Nadir,
and left the
le remaine
ch he facri-
ihe Deccan,
ndent king»
1747, hav-
gal become
their re-
mt ftate' tdo
be from the
Perfia) on
HIN
the = of the Ganges, within 80 miles of
Delhi; and the kingdom of Candahar
ereéted by Abdalla, one of the generals
of Nadir Shah. Ahmed Shah, thefon of
Mahomed, fucceeded ; in whofe reign,
the entire divifion of the empire took
place ; nothing remaining to the houfe
of Tamerlane but the city and finall ter-
ritory of Delhi. The laft imperial army
w2s defeated by the Rohillas, in 1749.
The Jats, a Hindoo tribe, founded a ftate
in Agra; @ude was {eized by Mahomed
Kovli; and’ the Malhrattas, befide their
anc.ent doiaains in the Deccan, obtained
great part of Malwa, Guzerat, Berar,
and Oriffa. ‘The Mogul empire was
mow bécome merely nominal; and the
emperors, from this eriod, muft be re-
garded a8 of no political confequence,
otherwife than as their names and perfons
were made ule of, by different parties,
to promote their own views. That the
mame and perion of the emperor were
of ufe, as retaining a confiderable degree
of veneration among the bulk of the
people in. Hjndooftan, is evident, from the
application made, at different times, for
grants of territory, forcibly obtained by
.the grantee, but which required the fanc-
tion of the lord paramount, to reconcile
the tranfa&jon of the popular opinion.
Another inftance of the effeé& of this
opinion is, that the coin throughout the
whole trast, known by the name of the
Mogul Empire, is to this day ftruck
in the name of the nominal emperor.
Ahmed was depoied in 1753, and his
fucceffor was depofed and murdered in
1760. He was fucceeded, however, by
his fon, Shah Aulum, whe was alter-
nately dependent on the contending
owers, and more. particularly upon the
Englith, who obtained from him a grant
of the provinces of Bengal, Bahar, ‘and
Orifia, together with the Northern Cir-
cars. He continued long a kind of ftate
prifoner; living on the produce of a
trifling domain, allowed him out of ve-
nevation for his anceftors, and for the
uie of his name. Inthe fequel, he was
dethroned and blinded by the Rohillas.
Thefe being defeated by the Mahrattas,
his fon Jewan Bucht, was permitted to
fucceed him, and to live in the fame de-
plorable ftate of degradation, Hindooftan
now confiiis of fix principal ftates, which
hold as tributaries, or feudatories, fome
numerous inferior ftates. _'Thefe fix prin-
cipal ftates are, the Britifh, the Peoonah
Mahrattas, the Berar Mahrattas, the
Deccan, Myfore, and the Seiks: for,
whatever verbal diftinctions may be made,
HIN
a compulfive alliance is at leaft a depends
ent, if not a tribut fituation. ‘The
Britith poffeffions sterile) Bahar, Be- °
nares, the Northern Circars, the Jaghire,
Bombay, Salfette, the diftri€t of Midna.
pur in Orifla, and fome confiderable
ceflions from the regent of Myfore in
1792. The allies of the Britith, who
may be confidered as de nt upoa
them, are the nabobs of Oude, and the.
Carnatic, and the rajahs of Travancore
and Tanjore. For the five other principal
ftates, fee their refpective names; and
for an account of fome inferior in
ent ftates, fee Bundela, Ballogiftan, the
Jats, Rohilcund, &c. The inhabitants
of Hindaoftan are computed at about
10,000,000 Mahometans, and 100,000,000
Hindoos. The ch ie or Muf-
fulmans, whom the Englifh impro
call Moors, or Mosenaatt are pita are
to be of a deteftable chara&ter. The.
Hindoos, or Gentoos, are of a black
complexion ; their hair is long, their per-
fon ttraight and elegant, and their counte-
nance open and pleafant. They differ
migeavtally from all other nations, by
being divided into tribes or cafts. The
four principal tribes are, the Bramins,
Soldiers, Labourers, and Mechanics; and
thefe are fubdivided into a multiplicity of
inferior diftin&tions. There are Bramins
of various degrees of excellence, who
have the care of religion allotted to them,
and are held facred by the reft: fome or
thefe acknowledge the errors that have
crept into their religion, own one Supreme
Being, and laugh at the idolatry of the
multitude, but infift upon the neceffity
of working upon the weaknefles of the
vulgar: yet the generality of them are
as ignorant as the laity. Such as are not
engaged in worldly purfuits, are a very
fuperititious, innocent peop! » who’ pro-
mote charity. as much as they can, ba
to man and beaft: but thofe who engage
in the world are F pddst the’ worlt' of
‘all the Gentoos ; for, perfuaded that the
waters of the Ganges will purify them
from their fins, snd! being exempt from
the utmoft rigour of the courts of juftice
(under the Gentoo governments) they
run into much greater excefles. The
Soldiers are commoniy-called Rajah-Poots ;
that is; defcended from rajahs. They
are much more robuft'than the’ teft, ‘have
a great fhare'of ‘courage, ahd a tlice fenfe
‘of military honovr; which confifts, among
them, in fidelity to thofe they” ferve.
Fighting is their profeffion ; they readily
enter into the fervice of any that will pay
them, and will tollow wherever he lesc® -
|
}
{
*
HIN
but, fhould their leader fal! in the +2:tle,
their caufe is at anend, and chey vun off
the field, without any ftain on their repu-
tation. The Englifh E India Company
have many battalions of them in their
fervice: they are called Sepoys, and are
clothed and difciplined in the European
manner. The Labourers include farmers,
and all who cultivate the land. The
Mechanics include merchants, bankers,
and all who follow any trade: thefe
again ars fubdivided into each protet-
fion. . Befide thefe, are the Hallachores,
who cannot be called a tribe, being ra-
ther the refufe of all the tribes. ‘They
are a fet of unhappy wretches, who per-
form ali the vileft offices ot life, bury the
dead, and carry away every thing that is
Iluted. All the different tribes are
Foot diftin’ from each other by infur-
mountable barriers: they are forbidden
to intermarry, to cohabit, to eat with
each other, or even to drink out of the
fame vetlel with one of another tribe.
Every deviation from thefe points fubjects
them to be rejected by their tribe, renders
them polluted for ever, and obliges them,
from that inftant, to herd with the Hal-
lachores. .The members of each caft
adhere invariably to the profeffion of
their forefathers: from generation to ge-
eration, the fame families have followed,
and will always continue to follow one
uniform line of life. To this may be
afcribed that high degree of perfection
con{picuous in many of the Indian manu-
factures ; and though veneration for the
practices of their anceftors may check the
fpirit of invention, yet, by adhering to
thefe, they acquire fuch an expertneis and
delicacy of hand, that Europeans, with
all the advantages of fuperior {cience, and
the aid of more complete inftruments,
have never been able to equal the execution
of their workmanhhip. To this circum-
ftance alfo is afcribed a ftriking peculia-
rity in the ftate of Hindooftan, the rerma-
nence of its inftitutions, and the immu-
tability in the manners of the inhabitants.
Hence it is, that the Hindoos admit no
converts, nor are themfelves ever con-
verted, whatever the Roman miffionaries
may pretend. The Hallachores may be
here excepted, who are glad to be admit-
ted into any fociety where they are treated
as fellow creatures. The Hindoos vie
with the Chinefe, in re{pec&t to the anti-
'quity of their nation; and the doStrine of
_ traniinigration is one of their diftinguith-
ing tenets. Their inftitutions of religion
forma complete fyftem of {uperftition,
upheld by every thizg which can excite
8
HIN
the reverence of the people. The'templed
cenfecrated to their deities, are magnifi-
cent; their religious ceremoines {plendid j
and the abfolute dominion which the
Bramins have obtained over the minds af
the people, is f{upported by the command
of the immenfe revenues, with which the
liberality of princes, and the zeal of pil-
grims and devotees, have enriched their
pagodas. ‘The dominion of religion ex-
tends to a thoufand particulars, which,
in other countries, are governed by the
civil laws, or by tafte, cuftom, or fathion.
Their dvefs, their food, the common in-
tercourfes of life, their marriages, and
profeifions, are all under the jurifdiction
of a, Nah The food of the Hindoos
is fimple, confifting chiefly of rice, ghee
(a kind of imperfeét butter) milk, vege-
tables, and oriental {pices. The warrior
caft may eat of the ttefh of goats, theep,
and poultry. Other fuperior cafts may
eat poultry and fith; but the inferior cafts
are prohibited from eating fleth or fith of
any kind. Their greateft luxury con-
fifts in the ufe of the richeft {piceries and
perfumes, of which the great people are
very lavifh. They efteem milk the pureft
of food, becaufe they think it partakes
of fome of the properties of the neétar of
their gods, and becaufe they efteem the
cow itfelf almoft as a divinity. Their
manners are gentle. ‘Their happinefs
confifts in the folaces of domeftic lite ; and
they are taught by their religion, that
matrimony is an indifpenfable duty in.
every man, who does not entirely feparate
himielf from the world, from a principle
of devotion. Their religion permits
them to have feveral wives ; but -ney,
feldom have more than one ; and their
wives are diftinguifhed by a decency of
demeanour, a folicitude in their tamilies,
and a fidelity to their vows, which might
do‘honour to’ human nature in the moft
civilized countries. The cuftom of wo-
men burning themfelves on the death of
their hufbands is ftill practifed in Hin-
dooftan. In fome parts of India, as the
Carnatic, it is afferted, that they dig a
pit, in which is depofited a large quantity
of combuftible matter, which is fet on
fire, and the body being let down, the
victim throws herfelf into the flaming
ma{s. In other places, a pile is raifed
extremely high, and the body, with the
wife, is placed upon it, and then the
whole is fet on fire. In the Code of
Gentoo Laws, tranflated by Mr. Hal-
head, is the following paffage concerning
this practice: ‘ It is proper for a women,
aiter her hufband’s-death, to burn hertelf
“he'temples
re. magnifi-
es {plendid 5
which the
e minds af
e command
1 which the
zeal of pil-
iched their
‘eligion ex-
irs, which,
ned by the
or fafhion.
ommon in-
iages, and
jurifdiction
ie Hindoos
rice, ghee
nilk, vege-
‘he warrior
ats, theep,
cafts may
ferior cafts
h or fith of
xury con-
jee and
eople are
‘the pure
t partakes
e nectar of
efteem the
y- Their
happinefs
lite; and
vion, that
p duty in.
ly feparate
principle
permits
but ‘.ney,
and their
ecency of
tamilies,
ch might
the moft
of wo-
death of
in Hin-
A, as the
ey dig a
quantity
s fet on
pwn, the
flaming
is raifed
with the
then the
Code ‘of
fr. Hal-
ncerning
women,
‘ hertelf
HIN
in ‘the fire with his corpfe. Every woman,
who thus. burus -herfelf,, fhall remain in
paradife with her hufband three crores and
fifty lacks of years, by deftiny. If the
cannot burn, fhe muft,‘in that cafe, pre-
ferve an inviolable chaftity: if the ‘re-
main always chafte, fhe goes to paradile ;
and if the do not preferve her chaftity,
fhe goes to hell." This code of laws,
with their facred books, the Veidam and
the Shaftah, were vritten in the ne
nguage, which is very copious and ner-
vi See h the ttyle of their beft au-
thors is wonderfully concife. Hindooftan,
toward the N is pretty temperate; but
hot toward the s, and it rains almoft con-
ftantly for three. months in the year. Its
produéts, and various other particulars,
will be found under the different names of
its provinces, Cities, tov’is,- mountains,
eee hens de(cribed in the courfe of this
work. See INDIA. «
HincuaM, a town in Norfolk, with
a market on Saturday, 12 miles sw of
Norwich, and 97 NE of Londoh. Lon.1z
48&, lat. 52 43 N.
HINzuAN, or JOANNA, one of the
Comora Iflands, between the N end of
Madagafcar and the continent of Africa.
It has been governed, about two centuries,
‘by a colony of Arabs, and exhibits a cu-
rious inftance of the flow approaches to-
ward civilization, which are made by a
fmall community, with many natural ad-
vantages. This ifland is a proper place
_of refrefhment for the India thips, whofe
crews, when ill of the fcurvy, foon re-
eover by the ufe of limes, lemons, and
oranges, and from the air of the land.
‘The town where the king refides is at the
B fide of the ifland, clofe to the fea, at the
foot of a very high hill; and though it
is three quarters of a mile in length, it
does not contain above 200 houfes. The
better kind of houfes are built of ftone,
within a court-yard, have a portico to
fhield them from the fun, and. one long
Jotty room where they receive guefts ; the
other apartments being facred to the wo-
amen. The fides of their roams are co-
vered with a number of fmall mirrors,
bits of China ware,,and other little orna-
ments that they procure from the ete
the moft: fuperb of them are furnifhed
with cane fofas, covered with chintz and
datin matrafles. . The horned cattle area
kind of buffaloes, which are delicious
gating; but there’ is not one horfe, mule,
or afs, in all the ifland. .The original
@atives, in number about 7000, occupy the
hills, and are generally at war with the
Arabian interlopers, why ¢ftablithed them-
HIN
felves: on the feacoaft by conquef, and
are about.3000 innumber. Though Jo~
anna is not the largeft, it may be reck-
oned the principal of the Comora iflands;
for it exacts tribute from all the others:
but thefe pretenfions it is fometimes ob.
liged to affert by the fword. ‘They
their {upplies of arms and ammunition
from thips that touch here; and it is cufz
tomary tor all to make prefents of arms
and powder to the prince when he pays a
vifit on board, which he dyes to every
one. When any fhip touches here, it is
furrounded by canoes, and the deck is
crowded by natives of all ranks, from the
high-born chief who wafhes linen, to the
half-naked flave who only paddles. Moft
of them have letters of recommendation
from Englifhmen, which none of them
are able to read, though they {peak En-
glith intelligibly ; and. fome appear vain
of titles, as lord, duke, and prince, which
our countrymen had given them in play,
according to their fuppofed ftations.
They have a regular form of government,
and exercife the Mahometan religion ;
both being introduced by the Arabs. The
colour of thefe two races of men is very
different : the Arabs have not fo deep a
tinge as the others, being of a copper
complexion, with better features, and a
more animated countenance. They con-
fider a black ftreak under the eyes as or-
namental, and this they make every day,
with a brufh dipt in a kind of ointment.
The cuftom of chewing the betel-nut pre-
vails here,as in moit of the eaftern countries;
and anfwers to the fathion of taking fnuff
with us, except that with them it is more
general. ‘Their religion licenfesa plurality
of wives, and likewife concubines. They
are extremely jealous of them, and never
allow any man to fee the wcmen;: but
female ftrangers are admitted into the
haram; and fome Englith ladies, whofe
curiofity has led them there, make favor-
able reports of their beauty, and. richnelg
of apparel, difplayed ina profufion of
ornaments of gold, filver, and beads, in
form. of necklaces, bracelets, and. ear-
rings. The men; feem not to look with
indifference on our fair countrywonieni,
notwith{tanding they are of fuch a dif-
ferent complexion., One of the firft. rank
among them being much..fmitten with 9
young Englifh lady, withed. to make a
prenesinys or her at the price of: 5000 dol-
ars; but on being informed that the lady
would fetch at leaft 20,times that fum.in
India, he lamented that her value was {o
far fuperior to what he could afford to
give. They. are very temperate and, abe
|
i
t
i
HIR
ftemious, wine being forbidden them by
the law. of Mahomet; and are frequent
in prayer, attending their mofques three
or four times a day. Thefe people pro-
fefe a particular-regard for our nation,
and are very fond of repeating to you, that
Joanna-man and Englifhman all brothers:
ami never fail to afk How king George
do? In general, they appear to be a cour-
feous and well-difpoted. ople, and vei
fair and honeft in their ts ings, though
there are argong them, as in.all other na-
tions, fome vicioufly inclined; and theft.
is much practifed by the lower clai{s, not-
withitanding the punithment of it is ve
exemplary, being amputation of bot
hands of the delinquent. The climate
here promotes vegetation to fuch a degree
as requires little toil, but that little is
@enied; fo that, beyond orar.zes, bana-
nas, pineapples, cocoa-nuts, yams, and
purflain .(all growing {pontaneoufly) few
vegetables are met with. The tace of
the country is very piéturefque and pleaf-
ing. Lofty mountains, clothed to their
very fummits ; deep and rugged vallies,
adorned by frequent cataracts, caftades,
woods, rocks, and rivulets, intermixed,
form the land{cape. Groves are feen ex-
tending over the plains to the very ed
of the fea, formed principally by the
palm and cocoa-nut trees, whofe long
and naked ftems leave a clear and unin-
terrupted paflage beneath; while their
tufted and overfpreading tops form a
thick thade above, and keep off the {corch-
ing'rays of the fun. In the interior part
of the ifland, furrounded by mountains
of a prodigious height, and about 15
miles from the town, is a facred lake,
half a mile in circumference. The adja-
cent hilis, covered with lofty trees, and
the folitude of the place, feera more cal-
culated to infpire religious awe, than any
fanétity that is to be difcovered in a par-
cel of wild ducks inhabiting it, which
are deified and worfhipped by the origi-
nal natives. Lon. 44.158, lat. 12 308.
Hi0o, a town of Sweden, in W Goth-
land, feated on the lake Wetter, 145
miles sw of Stockholm. Lon. 14 0 E,
lat. 57 53 N. :
HircH-Horn, a town of Germany,
in the palatinate of the Rhine, with a
caftle. It.is feated on the fide of a hill,
on the Neckar, near Eberbach. (ep
HIRCHFELD, a town of Germany,
in the circle of the Upper Rhine, capi-
tal of a principality of the fame name,
depending on a famous abbey, which was
fecularized in favour of the houfe of
Heffe-CaT|. 't is feated on the Fulde,
HOE
16 miles NE of the town of Fulde, and
32 SE of Caff*!. Lon. 9 50 £, lat. se
56 N.
HIRSBERG, ‘a town of Silefia, famous
for its mineral baths. It is feated on the
Bofar, 44 miles sw of Breflaw.
HISPANIOLA. See DomMINGO, ST. |
Hitcuin, a town in Hertfordshire,
with a market on Tuefday. The inha-
bitants make great quantities of malt;
and the market is very confiderable for
wheat. It is 15 miles NNw of Hertford,
and 34 »"vof London. Lon. 0 10 Ws
lat. 51 58 N. é
Hirue or Hytue, a borough in
Kent, with a market on Saturday. © It is
one of the Cinque Ports, governed by a
mayor, and fends two members to par-
liament. It had formerly four parithes,
but now only one;. and the harbour is
choked up. It is 10 miles w of Dover,
and 68 se of J.ondon. Lon. 1 10 8,
lat. 51 8 N. ;
HOAI-NGAN-FOU, a populous city of
China, in the province of Kiang-nan. It
is feated in a marth, and is inclofed by
a triple wall. The fuburbs extend to
the diftance of a league on each fide of
the canal, and form, at their extremity,
a kind of port on the river Hoang-ho.
Hoanc-Ho. See YELLOW River.
HOANG-TCHEOU-FOU, a populous and
commercial city of China, in the province
of Hou-quang. Its diftriét contains one
city of the fecond and eight of the third
clafs.
HocuBERG, a marquifate of Suabia,
in Brifgaw, belonging to the prince of
Baden Dourlach.
HocHsTET, a town of Suabia, re-
markable for the great battle gained near
it by the duke of Marlborough, in 1704,
and which the Engiifi call the battle of
Blenheim, from a village three miles sw
of this place. It is feated on the Danube,
22 miles Nz of Ulm. Lon. 10 33 B, lati
38 48 N. '
HoppeEspon, a town in Herts, with
a market on Thurfday, feated near the
Lea, three. miles s of Ware, and 17 N
by Eof London. Lon. o 5 £, lat. 5149 N.
HoE!I-TCHEOU, .a city of China, in
the province of Kiang-nan, famous: for
its tea, varnifh, and engravings. It is
one of the richeft cities in the empire,
and has fix cities of the third: elefe de-.
pendant on it. :
Hogi-TCHEOU+FOv, a ‘commercial
city of China, in the province of Quang,
tong. Its jurifdition: contains, 11 citice
of the fecond and third clafs,
HOEKELUN,. See FEVKELUM,
HOL
HOENZOLLERN, a town, of Suabia,
capital of a county of the fame name,
25 miles s of Stutgard. Lon. 9 6 £, lat.
4823N Tigh ;
Hoesut, a town of Germany, in the
electorate of Mentz, feated on the Maine,
three miles from Francfort. .
Hocve, Care La, on the NW point
of Normandy, near which admiral Rooke
burnt 13 French men of war, in 1692.
Lon. 1 52 W, lat. 49 45 N. ‘ ;
Ho-KIEN-FOU, a city of China, in
the province of Pe-tcheli. It has two
cities of the fecond and 15 of the third
clafs in its diltri&t. It is 125 miles s of
Pekin. A ;
HoLBEACH, a town in Lincolnhhire,
with a market on Thur‘day, 12 miles s
by E of Bofton, and 108 N by E of Lon-
don. Lon. 1.11 £, lat. 52 ¢7 N.
HOLDERNESS, a divifio. of the £
riding of Yorkfhire, which has a very
rich fojl, and is remarkable for its large
breed of horned cattle and horfes.
HOLDsSWORTHY, a town in Devon-
fhire, with a market on Saturday. It _is
feated between two branches of the Ta-
mar, 43 miles ENE of Exeter, and 215
w bys of London. Lon. 2 42 w, lat.
© 50 N.
‘ Hareenn, the moft confiderable of
the United Provinces of the Netherlanus.
It is bounded on the w and N by the
German Ocean; on the B by the Zuider-
Zee, Utrecht, and Guelderiand; and on
the s by Zealand and Dutch Brabant.
It is divided into S and N Holland ; which
laft is‘alfo culled W Friefiand, to diftin-
guifh it from Friefland on the £ fide of
the Zuider-Zee; and the fiates are called
the States of Holland and W Friefland,
The Ye, a finall bay, which is an exten-
fion of the Zuider-Zee, feparates S
Holland from N Holland. ‘This province
is not above 180 miles in circumierence ;
but is fo populous, that no country in
the world, of fuch a finall extent, can
equal it. The land is almoft every where
lower than the fea; and the water is
kept out by dikes. It is croffed by the
Rhine and Maefe, by feveral fmall rivers,
and by a great number of canals, on
which they travel day and.night at a {mall
expence. The paftures are {0 rich, that
it has plenty ef cattle, butter, and cheelfe,
and the feas and riyers abound with fifth.
There are 400 large towns, and 18. cities,
which make up the ftates of the ptovince,
and feveral others that have not the fame
privilege. The houfes are well: built,
and extremely neat and.clean. It has
confiderable linen and woollen manufac-
HOL
tures, and numerous docks for the build«
ing of fhips. The French effected, by
the aid of a fevere froft, the entire con-
quelt of this province in January 1795;
and till the era of a general pacification, |
no account of any permanent government
can be given. The eftablithed religion
is Calvinifi; but all religious feéts are
tolerated. Amfterdam is the. capital.
HOoLvanD, a diftri& in the sz part of
Lincolnfhire, divided into Upper and
Lower, and - lying contiguous. to the
fhallow inlet of the German Ocean, called
the Wath. In nature, as well as appel-
lation, it refembles the province of the
fame name in the Netherlands. It confifts
entirely of fens and marfhes; fome in a
{tate of nature, but others cut by num-
berlefs drains and canals, and croffed by
caufeways. The lower, or s divifion, is
the moft watery, and is preferved from _
conftant inundations by van banks, raifed
on the feacoaft and rivers. The air is un-
whalefome, and the water, in general,
fo brackifh, as to be unfit for internal
purpofes; on which account, the inha-
bitants are obliged to make referyoirs of
rain-water. In iummer, vaft fwarms of.
iniects prove a great nuifance. Yet even
here induftry has produced comfort and
opulence, by forming excellent pafture
Jand out of the fwamps and bogs, and
even making them capable of producing
large crops of corn. The fens, in their
native ftate, produce vaft quantities of
reeds, which make the beft thatch, and
are annually harvelted in great quantities
for that purpofe. Prodigious flocks of
geefe are bred among the undrained fens,
forming \a confiderable obje&t of com-
merce, as well for their; quills an@
feathers, as for the bird itlelf. The
principal decoys in England for wild
ducks,, teal, wigeon, and other fowls of
the duck kind, are in thefe parts... Wild
geele, godwits, coots, reeves, and: erent
variety-of other fpecies of waterfowl,
breed here im’ amazing numbers; and
ftarlings refort during winter, in my-
riads, to rooft on the feeds.
HOLLAND, New, the largeft known
land that does. not bear the name of a
continent: itextends from 10 30 to 43 42:8
lat, and from 130 30 to 153 30 £ lon, fothat
its {quare furface confiderably exceeds that
of Europe. When this vaft ifland was
firft difcovered ig uncertain. In the be-
ginning of laft century, the N and w
coalts were ttaced by the Dutch: the
§ extremity was difcovered by Tafman,
in 1642, Cuptain Cook, in 1770, ex-
plored the & and Ba from 38° 5, and
HOL
aftertained its feparation from New Gui-
nea,; and, in 3773, captain Furneaux, b
conneting Tafiman's difcoveries wit
Cook's, completed the circuit. In that
part of it, which Tafinan diftinguiffted by
the name of Van Dieman’s Land, and
which was vifited by Furneaux in 1773,
‘and again by Cook, in 1777, the land
is, for the moft part, of a good height,
diverfified with hills and vallies. See
Wa tes, New SouTH.
Hom, a town in Cumberland, with
a market on Saturday. It is fometimes
ealled Abbey-Holm, ‘rom an abbey that
formerly ftood here, It is feated on an
arm of the fea, 12 miles n of Cocker-
mouth, and 310 NNW of London. Lon.
3.19 W, Jat. 54 53 .N.
HoLMSDALE, a rough and woody
traét in Surry, lying immediately beneath
the hills to the s and £ of that county,
and extending into Kent. Red deer are
ftill found here; and it abounds with the
holm oak.
HousTE1n, a duchy of Lower Saxony,
fubjeét to the king of Denmark. It is
100 miles in length, and so in breadth ;
bounded on the Nn by Sle!wick, on the zg
‘by the Baltic and the duchy of Saxe
Lawenburg, on'the s by the duchies of
Bremen and Lunenburg, and on the w
by the German Ocean. It is a pleafant
fruitful country, and is well feated for
trade; having fome confiderable harbours,
articularly thofe of Hamburg and Lubec.
here are fome imperial éities, which
. are governed by their-refpective magif-
trates, but the religion of the whole
country is Lutheran. The king of
Denmark, as duke of Holftein, is a
rince of the empire. The diftri&t of
Kia, in this country, was formerly in the
pofleffion of the line of Holftein Gottcrp,
and belonged to the late ‘ezar Peter 111;
but, in, 1773, the prefent emprefs ceded
it to his Danith majefty, in exchange for
the counties of Oldenburg and Delmen-
horft, which fhe gave to the bifhop of
Lubec; ‘fo that ghe king of Denmark
now poffefles the whole duchy; the im-
périal cities excepted.
HoT, a town in Norfolk, with a
market on Saturday, 20 miles NNW of
Norwich, and 122 NE of London. Lon.
3 6£, lat. 53 § N.
Hoy IsLanp, an ifland on the coaft
of Northumberland, fix miles sz of
Berwick. It is two miles lony and cne
broad: the foil rocky and full of ftones.
It has a town and a caftle, under which
is a commodious harbour, defended by a
tlockhoufe, On this ifgnd, waich és
~
‘the landgravate of
HON
likewife called Lindisfarne, are che ruins
of a ftately monaftery; and here was an-
ciently a bifhop's fee, removed, with the
body of St. Cuthbert, firft to Chefter-le
Street, and afte:ward to Durham.
HOLYHEAD, a feaport and cape of the
ifle of Anglefea. It is the moft ufuat
plave of embarkation for Dublin, there
eing packet-boats that fail for that city
every day, except Tuefday, wind and
weather permitting. On the adjacent
rocks the herb grows of which kelp is
made; and in the neighbourhood is a
large vein of white fuller’s earth, and
another of yellow. On the ifle of
Skerries, nine milés to the N, isa hight-
houfe, Holyhead is 93 miles wNw of
Chefter, and 269 Nw of London. Lon,
4 22.W, lat. 53 19 N.
HOLYWELL, a town in Flinthhire,
with a market on Friday. - Although in
great part a new town, it is become, from
its vicinity to the mines, the moft
flourifhing in the county. It takes its
name from the famous well of St. Wimi-
fred, concerning ‘which fo many fabky
and fuperftitious notions have prevailed,
Tt is a copious ftream, burfting out of
the ground with great impetuofity, at the
toot of a hill. Befide the cold bath, ce-
lebrated for wonderful cures, formed at
the {pring-head, and covered with a beanti-
tul Gothic fhrine,’ it is now applied .to
the purpole of turning feveral mills for
the working of copper, making brafs
wire, paper, and {nuff, and {pinnin
cotton. It is 10 miles E of St. Afaph, an
212 NE of London. Lon. 3 21 Ww, ‘Tat.
54.33 Ne
_ HomBure, a town of Germany, in
! effe Caffel, 60 miles
Nw of Francfort. Lon. 9 26 £; lat. 50
45 N.
HomBuRG, a town of Germany, in
the duchy of Deux-Ponts, 50 miles sz af
Treves. Lon. 7 32 8, lat. 49 36'N.
Ho-NAN, a province of China, bounded
on the N by the provinces of Pe-tchels
and Chan-fi, on the £ by Kiang-fi and
Chan-tong, on the s by Has: cunt: and
on the w by Chen-fi.. As every thing
that can.contribute to render a country
delightful, is found in this provinee,
the Chinetfe call it Tong-hoa, The middle
Flower. It is, indeed, fituate almoft in
the centre of China. Befide Cai-fong.
fou, its capital, it contains feven citice
of the firft clafs, and 102 of the fecond
and third. ;
HONAN-FOU, a city of China, in the
rovirce of Honan. It has under its,
urildigtion: une city of the fcond clatiy.
oe
re the rvfins
re was an-
d, with the
) Chefter-le
ham.
| cape of the
mot ufua
ublin, there
or that city =| 9
wind and
the adjacent
hich kelp 13
urhood 1s @
s eath, and.
the ifle of
N, isa hight-
iles WNW OF
yndon. Lon.
in Flinthhire,
- Although in
become, from
eS» the mott
It takes its
| of St. Wimi-
O many fabks
have prevailed.
urfting out of
etuofity, at the
cold bath, ce-
ures, formed at
-dwith a beauti-
ow applied £0
veral mills for
making brafs
| and {pinnin
St. Afaph, an
. 3 21 Wy dat.
Lf Germany, in
aflel, 60 miles
9 26 E: lat. §°
¢ Germany, in
, 5° miles SB
t. 49 24.N.
es of Pe-tchels
Kiang-fi and
ou-quangs
As every thing
nder a country
this provinee,
boa, The middle
ftuate almoft im
efide Cai-fong-
ins feven cities
L of the fecond
\ China, in the
has under its,
\ fecond cals).
' A
ve 5
Ps
ae
Bi
China, bounded
HON
arid 13 of the third. It is 500 miles sw
of Pekin. J
Honpuras, alarge province of New
Spain, bounded on the N by the bay of
onduras,; on the £ by the Mofquito
Shore, on the s by Nicaragua, and on
the w by Chiapa and Guatimala. This
province, and the peninfula of Jucatan,
on the other fide of the bay of Honduras,
do not, like the'other territories of Spain,
in ‘the New World, derive their value
either from the fertility of their foil, or
the richnefs of their mines; but they
produce, in greater abundance than any
tof America, the logwood-tree, which,
in dying fome colours, is fo tar preierable
to any other material, that the confumption
of it in Europe is confiderable, and it is be-
come an article in commerce of great va-
fue. During a long period, no European
mation intruded upon the Spaniards in thefe
provinces, or attempted to obtain any
thare in this branch of trade. But, after
the conqueft of Jamaica by the Englith,
one of the firft objects of the fettlers on
that ifland, was the great profit arifing
from the logwood trade, and the facility
of wrefting fome portion of it from the
Spaniards... Their firft attempt was made
at Cape Catoche, the SE promontory
of Jucatan.
near this:‘cape were felled, they removed
to the ifland of Trift, inthe bay of Cam-
peachy; and, in later times, their prin-
cipal ftation has been in the bay of Hon-
duras. The Spaniards endeavoured by-
negociation and open force, to prevent
the Englith from obtaining any footing
on this part of America. But, after
ftruggling againft it for more than a
century, the difafters of an unfortunate
war extorted from the court of Madrid,
in 1764, a confeng to tolerate this fet-
tlement of foreigners’ in the heart of its
territories. This pee was confirmed
by the definitive treaty of 1783 ; by which
it was ftipulated, under certain reftric-
tions, that the Englith fhould confine
themfelves within the diftrigt, lying be-
tween the rivers Wallis, or Bellize,’ and
Rio Hondo, taking the courfe of thefe two
rivers for unalterable boundaries, fo as
that the navigation of them be common
to both natiéns.. And, by a convention
figned in 1786, the Englifh were not
only permitted to cut logwood, but ma-
hogany, or any other kind of wood, and
to carry away any other produce of the
country; and alfo to occupy the fmall
ifland called Cafina, St. male Keys
or Cayo Cafina, Zhe sapital of Men-
When moft of: the trees.
HOR
duras is Vrlladolid.
SHORE.
HONFLEvR, a confiderable feaport of
France, in the department of Calvados
and late province of Normandy. The
harbour is very capacious, at the mouth
of the Seine; and its principal trade is
in-lace. It is eight miles n of Pont
I’Eveque, and rr0 NW of Paris. Lon.
© 15 £, lat. 49 24.N.
Honiron,’a borough in Devonfhire,
with a market on Saturday. A dreadful
fire happened here in 174.7, which con-
fumed three parts of the town, and the
damage was computed at 43,000].: It
has a church, half a mile from the town,
and a chapel within it; and at the end
of the town is a hill, which commands
one of the moft beautiful profpects: in
the kingdom. Honiton fends two mem-
See Mosquito
“bers to parliament, and has: a large ma-
nufagture of white thread and bonelace.
It is feated on the Otter, 16 miles E of
Exeter, and 156 w by s of London.
Lon. 3 12 W, lat. §0 45 N.
Hoop Iszianp, an ifland in the S
Pacific Ocean, the moft northern of the
Marquefas, difcovered and named by.
captain Cook, in 1774, Lon. 138 47 Ws
lat. 9 26 s. .
Hoocty, a fmall but ancient city
of Hindooftan, in Bengal. It is now
nearly in ruins, but poffeffes many veftiges
of former greatnefs. In the beginning
of this century, it was the great mart,of
the export trade of Bengal to Europe. It
is {eated on an arm of the Ganges, called
Froogly River, 26 miles n of Calcutta.
Lon. 88 28 g, lat. 32 30 N.
Hoocty River, an arm of the
Ganges, formed by the union of its two
wefternmoft branches, named the Cof=
fimbuzar and Yellinghy rivers. It is the
port of Calcutta, and the only branch of
the Ganges that is commonly navigated
by fhips. re)
HoocstRATEN, @ town of Dutclt
Brabant, capital of a county of the fame
name, 10 miles s of Breda.
Hope, a fmall river in Effex, which
rifes near Laindon Hills, waters Stanford
le-Hope, and entering the Thames, be-
low Mucking, gives name to a noted reach
of that river.
HOoREB, ‘a mountain of Arabia Petrea,
at the foot of which is a monaftery,
where a bifhop of the Greek church re-
fides. There are two or three fine
{prings, and a great number of fruit-trees.
Horn, a confiderable town of the
Unjted Provinces, in N Holland, with a
$2
HOT
good harbour. Here they fat cattle that
come from Denmark and Holftein. It is
feated on the gE fide of the Zuider-Zee,
13 miles NE of Amfterdam. Lon. 4 59
EB, lat. 52 38 .N.
Horn, a town of the Auftrian Ne-
therlands, capital of a county of the fame
name, in the bifhopric of Liege. Lon.
5 55 E, lat. 51 12.N.
HORNBACH, a town of Germany, in
the duchy of Deux-Ponts, on the river
Horn, with a Benedittine abbey, five
miles se of Deux-Ponts. Lon. 7 36 £,
lat. 49 10 N.
HORNBERG, an ancient town of Sua-
bia, in the Black Foreft, and in the
duchy of Wirtemberg, with a fortrefs on
a mountain. It is feated on the Gutlath,
2 miles NE of Friburg. Lon. 8 27 £,
Jat. 48 12 N.
Horn, Cape, the moft fouthern part
of Tierra-del-Fuego, in S America,
round which all fhips now pafs that fail
into the Pacific Ocean. Lon. 67 26 w,
lat. 55 58 Ss. .
HORNCASTLE, a town in Lincoln-
fhire, with a market on Saturday. It
. was a Roman ftation, and part of the
wall of the caftle is ftill remaining, It
is feated on the Bane, 20 miles £ of
Lincoln, and.136 N of London. Lon,
© 2 W, lat. §3 14. N.
HorncuHurcu, a village in Effex,
two miles E by s of Rumford, of which
it is the mother church. A large pair
of horns is affixed to the £ end of the
church, for which tradition afligns a
reafon too idle to be repeated.
HORNDON, a town in Effex, with a
market on Saturday. It is ieated on a hill,
which commands a. beautiful profpect,
16 niles 3 by w of Chelmsford, and 19
_ E of London. Lon.o 35 £, lat. 51 32 N.
HORNSEY, a town in the £ riding of
Yorkfhire, with a market en Monday,
40 miles E of York, and 188.N of Lon-
don. Lon.o1 w, lat. 53 56 N.
, Horsens, a feaport of Denmark, in
Jutland, feated on the bottom of a bay,
that opens into the Categate near t
ifland of Hiarnoe, 125.miles w by N.of
Copenhagen. Lon. 9 40 E; lat. 55 57N.
HorsHam, a borough in Suffex, with
a market on Saturday, noted for fine
poultry. Here is the county goal, and
the affizes are fometimes held here. It fends
two members to parliament, and is 36
miles s by w of London.’ Lon. 9 12 w,
51 8N.
HoTTENTOTS, COUNTRY OF THE,
a laige region in the s extremity of Af-
_¥iea, extending N by w, from the Cape
2
HOT
of Good -Hope, beyond the mouth: of
Orange River, and from that cape, in.an
ENE direction, to the mouth of the Great
Fith River, which parts it from Caffraria.
It lies between the tropic of Capricorn
and 35° lat. and is bounded onthe w, s,
and E by the Atlantic, Southern, sand
Indian Oceans, and on'the: by regions
very little, if at all explored. The Hot-
tentots are as tall as moft Europeans, but
are more flender; and the.characteriftic
mark of this nation is. the: fmallnefs of
their hands‘and feet compared: with the
other parts of their body. Their tkin:is
of a yellowifh brown. huc, refembling
that of an European who bas the jaundice
in a high degree. ‘Fhere ave not duch
thick lips among the Hottentots.as among
their neighbours the Negroes, the Caftres,
and the Mozambiques; and theif mouth
is of the middling. fize, with: the fineft
fet of teeth imaginable. Their heads are
covered with hair, more woolly, if pof-
fible, than that of the Negroes. With
refpeét to-thape, carriage, and every, mo-
tion, their whole appearance indicates
health and content. In. their mien,
moreover, a degree of carelefinefs is ob-
fervabley that difcovers marks of alacrity
and refolution; qualities, which, upon
occafion, they'certainly can exhibit. Not
only the men, but the women alfo are
clothed with theep:fkins;, the wool being
worn outward in. fummer,, ard inward
in winter. . They wear, one: {kin over
their fhoulders, the ends of*it croffing
each other before, and leaving their nec
bare; another is faftened round their
middle, and reaches down to their knees.
They. befinear their bodies all over with
fat, in which a little foot is mixed: and
this is never wiped off. They are like.
wile perfumed with powder of herbs,
rubbing it all over them, when they be-
mear themfelves. The odour of this
powder is rank and aromatic, and comes
neareft to that of the poppy mixed with
fpices.. The women who are ambitions
to pleafe, not only greafe all the naked
arts of their body,to make them fhine,
ut braid or plait their hair as an addi-
tional elegance, and adorn themielves
with necklaces of fhells. A Hottentot
lady, thus bedizened, has’ exhautted all
the arts of her toilet; and however
unfavorable nature may have been, with
regard to fhape and ftature, her pride is
wonderfully flattered, whije the fplehdour
of her appearance givésiher the highett
degree of fatistaction. But with all this
vanity, they are not devoid of modefty;
for the females of this nation cover them-
the mouth: of
at cape, in.an
h of the Great
rom Caffraria.
of Capricorn
ed onthe W, 5,
Southern, »and
:N by regions
cde he Hot-
yuropeans, but
e.characteriftic
re fmallnefs of
ared: with the
Their fkin-is
ac, refembling
as the jaundice
e are not duch
Ntots.2s anoen¢e
Ȣ$, the Caftres,
id theif mouth
with: the fineft
Their heads are
woolly, if pof-
jegroes.. With
and every, mo-
rance indicates
n their mien,
relefinefs is ob-
arks of alacrity
» which, upon
nexhibit. Not
women alfo are
the wool being
ry,and inward
/-one : {kin spec
5 of it croffing
ving their nec
ed round their
to their knees.
es all over with
is mixed: and
They are like.
der of herbs,
when they be-
odour of this
htic, and comes
py mixed with
gare ambitiops
ball the naked
ake them fhine,
hair as an addi-
orn themielves
A Hottentot
s exhautted all
and however
ave been, with
e, her pride is
¢ the {plendour
her the higheft
ut with all this
d of modefty;
on cover them-
HOT
fdves much more ferupuloufly than the
men. They feldom’ content themielves
with one covering, but almoft always
have two, and very often three. Thefe
are made of well-greafed fkin, and are
fattened“about their bodies with a thong,
almoft like the aprons of our ladies.
The outermott is the lavgeft, finett, and
moft fhowy, and gag adorned with
glais beads ftrung in diflerent figures.
Both the men and women generally go
bareheaded. Neither their ears nor nole
are adorned with any pendent ornaments,
as they are among other savages; but the
nofe is fometinies, b wey of greater
ftate, marked with a black ftreak of foot,
er with a large {pot of red lead; of
which latter, on high days, they likewife
put a little on their cheeks. Both fexes
wear rings on their arme and legs. Mot
of thete are made of thick leather ftraps,
cut in a circular fhape; and thefe have
given rife to the received notion, that
the Hottentots wrap guts about their
legs, in order to eat them occafionally,
Rings of iron, copper, or brafs, of the
fize of a goofe-quill, are confidered as
more genteel than thofe of leather; but
the girls are not allowed to ufe any rings
till they are marriageable. ‘The Hotten-
tots feldom wear any fhoes. What they
do wear, are made of undreffed leather,
with the hairy: fide outward: they are
rendered foft and pliable, by being beat
and moiftened, and are very light and
cool. Their habitations. are adapted to
their wandering pattoral life. They are
merely huts, refembling a round bee-hive
or a vault, from 18 to 24 feet in dia-
meter, and fo low as fearcely poffible for
a middle-fized man to ftand upright. But
neither the lowne(s of the hut, nor that
of the door, which is barely three feet
high, can be confidered as any inconveni-
ence toa Hottertot, who finds no difficulty
in ttooping and crawling on all-fours, and
who is, at any time, more inclined to lie
down than ttand. ‘The fire-place is in the
middle, and they fit or lie round it in a
circle. The low door is the only.place
that admits the light, and the only out-
let that is Jeft for the fmoke. The Hot-
tentot, inured to it from his infancy,
fees it hover round him, without feeling
the leaft inconvenience arifing from: it to
his eyes; or rolled up, like a hedge-hog,
fnug in his fkin, he lies in the midft-of
this cloud, ‘till he is now and then
obliged to peep ‘out from beneath his
theep-fkin, in order to ftir the fire, or
perhaps to light his pipe, or ‘turn the
steak he is broiling over the coal. “The
HOT
order of thefe huts in a craal, or clan, is-
moft frequently in the form of a circle,
with the doors inward; by which means
a kind of yard is formed, where the cattle
are kept at night. Such are the Hotten-
tots in the vicinity of the Cape of Good
Hope. In 1778, lieutenant Paterfon
vifited a Hottentot village in the Small
Nimiqua Land, in the Nw part of the
country: it confifted of 19 huts and about
150 inhabitants. The enfign of autho-
rity, worn by their chief, was a cane
with a _brafs top, given to him by the
Dutch E India Company. The Hotten-
tots amufed them, part of the night,
with music and dancing: their vifitors,
in return, treated them with tobacco aad
dacka, or hemp leaves, which they prefer
even to tobacco. Their mulic was pro-
duced from flutes, made of the bark of
trees, of different fizes. The men form
themfelves into a circle, with their flutes +
and the women dance round them.
Among other tribes of Hottentots are the
Bofhmans, who inhabit the mountains in
the interior part of the country, NE of the
Cape, and are enemies to the paftcral
life. Some of their maxims are, to live by
hunting and plunder, and never to keep
any animal alive for the {pace of one
night. On this account, they themfelves
are purfued and exterminated, like the
wild beafts whole manners they have
affumed. Some of them, when taken,
are kept alive, and made flaves of. Their
weapons are poifoned arrows, which, fhot
from a fimall bow, will hit a mark, with
a tolerable degree of certainty, at the
diftance of 100 paces. Their habitations
are not more agreeable than their manners
and maxims. Like the wild beafts, bufhes
and clefts in rocks ferve'tthem by turns for
dwellings. Many of thefe favages are en-
tirely naked; but fome of them cover their
body with the fkin of any fort of animal,
great or fimall, from the fhoulder down-
ward as far as it will reach, wearing it.
till it fall off their backin rags. As ig-
norant of agriculture as apes and monkies,
they are obliged, like them, to wander
over hills and dales, after certain wild
roots, berries, and’ plants, which they eat
raw. Their table, however, is compofed
of feveral other difhes, among which are
caterpillars, termites, locufts, grafhop-
pers, {hakes, and fpiders. Another tribe
of Hottentots, near-the mouth of Orange
River, were obferved by lieutenant Pater-
fon, in his journey to the Nw in 1779.
Their huts were: loftier, and ‘thatched
with grafs; and were furnifhed with
{tools made -ofthe back bones of the
8 3
HOT
prampus. Their mode of living is in the
igheft degree wretched, and they are
apparently the moft dirty of all the Het.
tentot tribes. - Their drefé is compofed of
the fkins of feals and jackals, the fleth of
which they eat.. When a grampus is caft
afhore, they remove their huts to the
‘place, and fubfift upon it as long-as any
part of it remains; and, in this manner,
it fometimes affords them fuflenance for
half a year, though in a great meafure de-
cayed and putrefied by the fun. They
{mear their ikin with the oil, the odour of
which is fo powerful, that their approach
may he perceived fome time before they
appéar in view. They carry their water
in the thells of oftrich eggs, and the
" bladders of feals, which they thoot with
arrows. With refpeét to the Hottentots,
in general, none of them feem to have any
religion, nor do they appear willing to
receive any inftruction. All of them,
however, have the firmeft opinion of the
ower of magic; whence it might be in-
Jorred, that they believe in an evil being;
but they pay no religious worthip to him,
though from this fource they derive all
the evils that happen; and among thefe
they reckon cold, rain, and thunder, So
yonftroufly ignorant are they that the
Bofhmans wiil abufe the thunder with
Bay apprebrions epithets, and threaten
to allault the lightning. Even the moft
intelligent of them could not be convinced
by Dr. Sparrman, that rain was not al-
ways an evil, and that it would be an
unhappy circumftance were it never to
rain. They feem, howeve:, to have
fome idea of a future ftate, as they re-
proach their friends, when dead, with
leaving them fo foons admonifhing them
to behave henceforth more properly: by
which they mean, that their deceafed
friends fhould not come back’ again and
haunt them, nor allow themfelves to be
made ufe of by wizards, to bring any
mifchief on thofe that furvive them.
The Hottentots fleep promifcuoufly, in
the fame hut, and are neither acquainted
with the difference of age, nor with that
invincible ‘horror which feparates beings
conneéted by blood. ‘The country pof-
Seffed by the Dutch is of pretty confider-
able extent, comprehending not only the
e ‘tract between Table Bay and.
Jar
Falie Bay, but that which is called Hot-
tentot Holland, extending from Falfe
Bay to the Cabo dos Agulhas, or Cape
of Needles, and the country further £
beyond St. Chriftopher’s. River, called
Terra de Natal. The whole of this
country is naturally barren and mountain-
HOU
ous; but the induftrious Dutch have
overcome all natural difficulties, and it
produces, not only a fufficiency of all
the neceflaries of life for the inhabitants,
but alfo for the refrefhment of all the Eu-
ropean fhips that touch here. The
Dutch cunidler the year as divided into
two feafons, which they term monfoons 5
the wet moonfoon, or winter, begins in
March; and the dry one, or fummer, ip
September. Among the quadrupeds of
this country are antelopes, which go in
herds of 20,000 each; buffaloess came-
leopardilifes; the gems-boch, a fpeciee
of antelope, which has remarkably long
fharp horns, and, when attacked by dogs,
will fit on its hind quarters, and defend
itfelf; wild dogs, which travel in herds,
ard are very deftructive to fheep; ele-
phants ; elks ; hyenas; the koedo, an ani-
mal of a moufe colour, rather larger than
our deer, with three white ftripes over the
back, and the male having very large
twifted horns; lions; jackals; tigers ;
the quacha, a {pecies of the zebra, but
more tractable; rhinocerofes; horfes ;
domeitic horned cattle; common fheep,
and a peculiar fpecies of fheep covered
with hair inftead of wool. The hippo-.
povmne or river-horfe is frequently feen
ere. Among the birds are vultures;
oftriches, whofe eggs are excellent foods
and the loxia, a ipecies of gregarious
bird: thefe latter build their curious
neft in the mimofa tree, where they form
a kind of thatched houfe, with a regular
ftreet of nefts on both fides, at about
two inches diftance trom each other, and
containing under its roof, in one that
lieutenant Paterfon faw, upward of 800
birds. Among the infeéts are, the ter-
mires, or white ants, which do no injury
to wood as in the E Indies, but, by
raifing a number of hills, they impede
the progrefs of vegetation. The Hot-
tentots eat them; and lieutenant Paterfon,
who tafted this food, found it far from
difagreeable. The locufts alfoare efteemed
excellent food by the Bofhmans, by whom
they are dried and kept for ufe. ‘The
black, or rock fcorpion, is nearly as
venomous here as any of the ferpent
tribe, of which there are numerous kinds.
Hovar, an ifland of France, between
that of Belleifle and the continent. It is
10 miles in circumference.
Houpan, a town of France, in the
department of Eure and Loire and late
province of Beauce. It has a manufacture
of woollen ftockings, and is feated on the
Vegre, 32-miles sw. of Paris. Lon. 3
41 £, lat. 48 47 Ne Ds, ( :
Dutch have
ulties, and it
ciency. of all
> inhabitants,
of all the Eue
here. The
divided into
m monfoons ;
er, begins in
y fummer, ip
yuadrupeds of
which go in
faloess came-
ch, a fpeciee
narkably long
cked by dogs,
» and detend
avel in herds,
o fheep; ele.
coedo, an ani-
er larger than
ripes over the
ig very large
cals; tigers ;
ne zebr: ay but
ofes; horles 5
mon fheep,
fheep covered
The hippo-
equently feen
are vultures;
xcellent foods
of gregarious
their curious
ere they form
ith a regular
Hes, at about
ch other, and
in one that
pward of 800
are, the ter-
do no injury
Hies, but, by
they impede
The Hot-
ant Paterfon,
it far trom
oare efteemed,
s, by whom
br ule. ‘The
is nearly as
the ferpent
erous kinds.
ce, between
inent. It is
ance, jn the
ire and late
manufacture
feated on the
is. Lon. 3
HUD
and.is fuppofed to have. been the habita-
Pr of ahermit. Lon. 3 20 w, lat. 58
56 N.
Hoye, a town of Weftphalia, capital
of a county of the fame name, {ubject
tothe elector of Hanover. It is feated
on the Wefer, ¢3 miles Nw'of Zell.
Lon. 9 6 8, lat. 52 57 N.
HRADISCH, a town of Moravia, on
an ifland in the river Morava, 30 mileg
SE of Olmutz, and 30 £ of Brinn. Lon.
17 $3 E, lat. 49 ON.
Hua, or Kauvua, a large town of
Afia, capital of Cochin China, with a
royal palace. It is feated in a‘ beautiful
lain, and divided into two parts by a
arge river. The inhabitants. blacken
their teeth, thinking it a (hame to have
them white, like dogs; and they wear
their nails very long. Lon. 105 § By lat.
17.40.N.
HvuAHINE, one of the Society Iflands
in the S Pacific Ocean, 30 leagues from
Otaheite. It is 21 miles in compafs,
and has a commodigus harbour. Lon!
151 1 W, lat. 16 44s.
Hupert, St. a town of Auftrian
Luxemburg, with an abbey, 20 miles sz
of Rochefort. Lon. 5 12 £, lat. 500 N,
HupDERSFIE™.D, a town in the w
riding of Yorkthive, with a market on
Tuelday. It is fituate near the Calder,
amid barren moors, and is the mart for
harrow cloths, called plains. It is 42
miles sw of York, and 189 NNW of
London. Lon. 1 40 w, lat. 53 40 N.
Hupsown, acity of the United States,
in New York, which was begun to be
built in 1783, and has had the moft
rapid progrefs of any place in. America
except Baltimore, in Maryland. It is
fedted on an eminence, on the E fide of
Kudfon’s River, 30 miles s of Albany,
and 330 N ef New York. Lon. 75 20
w, lat. 42 23 N. ,
Hupson’s Bay, a bay of N America,
lying between 51 and 69° N latitude,
and difcovered, in 1610, by captain
Henry Hudfon,. This intrepid mariner,
in fearching after a NW paflage to the
Pacific Ocean, difcovered three ftraits,
through which ‘he’ hoped to find outa |
new way to Afia by America. He had
made two voyages before on the fame
adventure; the firft in 1607, and the
fecond ip 1608. In his third and laft,
t dewn by a rope from the top of the , in 16%Q, he entered the ftraits that lead
precipice. In a gloomy valley in this into the bay known ‘by his name;
ifland, is a large ftone, 36 feet long coafted.a great part of it, and penetrated
and 18 broad, called the Dwarfic ftone. to 80 30 N lat. His ardour forthe dif-
It is hollow within,. having the form. covery not being abated by the diffi-
of a-bed and pillow cut in the ftoyes cultigs be Sugeest in this empire
i us
HOY
Hovuns.ow, atown in Middlefex, with |
a market on Thurfday. It is fituate on the
edge of a heath of the fame name, on which
are fome powder-mills, on a branch of
the river Coln. On this heath, James 11
formed ar encampment, after the fup-
preffion of the duke of Monmouth’s
rebellion, in order the more effeftually
to enflave his fave Hounllow is 10
miles w by s of ondon. ;
Hovu-QuaNna, a province of China,
which occupies nearly the centre of the
empire, ahd is divided into two parts,
the N and s, by the river Yang-tfe-kiang.
It is a flat, open country, watered by
Jakes, canals, and rivers; and has plenty
of wild fowl and cattle. The {oil is re-
markably fertile; gold is found in the
fands of the rivers; and there is fuch a
variety of all forts éf commodities, that
it is called by the Chinefe, the ftoreboufe
of the empire. It contains 15 cities of
the firft clafs, and 114 of the fecond and
third. Vout-chang-fou is the capital.
Hovu-TCHEOU-FOU, a city of China,
in the province of Tche-kiang, feated
on a lake of the fame name.. The
quantity of filk manufactured heye is al-
moft incredible. Its diftri€t contains one
city of the fecend, and fix of the third
clais. It is hg rage NE of Nan-king.
Lon. 3119 45 Ey lat. 30 35 N. ’
Hownan, a town in the E riding of
Yorkfhire, with a market on Saturday.
It gives lame to q finall diftriét called
Howdenthire, and has a large church,
like a cathedral. It ig feated near the
Oufe, 15 miles sz of York, and 179 N
hy w of London, Lon. g 53 Wy lat.
53 46 N. ;
Hoxrer, a town of Weftphalig, feated
on the Weler, 27 miles NE of Paderborn,
Lon. 9 39 £, lat. 51 50 N.
Hoy, one of the Orkney Iflands, fity-
ate between the ifland of Pomona and-
the N coaft of Caithnefsfhire. It is
ro miles long. On this ifland, befide
the great conic hill of Hoyhead, which is
a, feamark, there is a ftupendous rock,
called the Beary, where a bird, named
the layer, fuppofed to be a fpecies of
penguin, is found. It is about the fize
of a fimall duck, remarkably fat, and
efteemed by many a great delicacy. Thefe-
birds burrow in the rabbit holes; and the
periga employed in taking the young is
HUD
of froft and fhow, he ftaid here till the
enfuing fpring, and then prepared to
puriue his difcoveries; but his crew,
who fuffered equal hardthips, without
the fame fpirit to fupport them, mu-
tinied, feized him and pee of thefe who
were moft faithful to him, and com-
mitted them to the icy feas in an open
boat. Hudfon and his companions were
néver heard of more; but the fhip and
the reft of the men returned home. Other
attempts toward a difcovery of that paf-
fage have been fince made, but hitherto
without effect. The entrance of this
bay, from,the ocean, is between Re‘o-
lution Ifles. on the Nn, and Button's Ifles
on the Labrador coaft to the s, formin
the g extremity of the ftrait, diftinguithe
by the name of its great difcoverer.
This bay communicates on the N, by
two ftraits, with Baffin's Bay: on the g
fide it is bordered by Labrador, on the
sw by New S Wales, and on the w by
New N Wales. ‘Thefe countries are
included under the name of New Britain,
and abound with animals whofe fkins
and furs are far fuperior in quality to
thofe found in lefs northerly regions.
‘The natives are called Efquimaux, and
Northern Indians ; and are matevially dii-
ferent from all the fouthern tribes. In
31670, acharter was granted to a com-
pany, which does not confift of above
ten perfons, for the exclulive trade to
this bay. This company poffefs three
forts on the s coaft of James Bay, by
‘which the s termination of Hud{on’s
Bay is diftinguifthed. ‘Thefe factories
are called. Rupert, Moofe, and Albany,
and they lie from 51 to 52° .N lat, and
from 75 to 79° w lon. On the w fide
of Hudfon’s Bay, confiderably up Hayes
River, is a faftory called Se ecens
and beyond this is York Fort, on Nelfon
River, in lon. 92 30, and lat. 57 25:
‘but the moft northern fettlement is Prince
of Wales’ Fort, at the mouth of Church-
hill River, in lon. 94 7, and lat. 58 48.
In December 1770, Mr. Hearne, in the
fervice of the Hudfon’s Bay Company,
fet out from Prince of Wales’ Fort to
explore a river, that the Eiquimaux,
who came to the company’s tattories to
trade, had brought totheir knowledge ; and
which, on account of ‘much copper being
found near it, had obtained the name of
Copper-miné-River. Under the convoy
of thofe Indians, he arrived at this river
‘in June 1771, and-traced it till he came
jn fight of the Pacific Ocean, finding it
encumbered with fhoals and falls to its
mouth, which js in lat. 72° N, and Jon.
HU L-
119° w. In 1782, the fettlement, &c. of
the company, valued at 500,c00l. were
deftroyed by a French tquadron; but the
damage has been repaired, and the com-
merce is again in a flourifhing fituation.
Hupson’s River, one of the fineft
rivers of the United States of America.
It rifes in the mountainous country, be-
tween the lakes Ontario and Champlain,
waters Albany and Hudfon, and enters
the Atlantic Ocean, at New York, after
a’courfe of 250 miles. It is navigable
for flonps to Albany, and for fhips to
Hudion.
HvEN, an ifland of the Baltic, three
miles frem the coaft of Sweden, and
fubje& to the Swedes, to whom it was
ceded by the Danes in 1658. It has one
fcattered village, and produces hay and
corn, more than fufficient for its own
confumption. In this ifland was the ob-
fervatory of the celebrated Tycho Brahe.
"nem is fix miles in circumference; nine
n 38 by Eof Elfinore, and 14.N by E of
( , -mhagen. Lon. 12 38 B, lat. 55 54.N.
UESCA, an ancient town of Spain,
in Arragon, with a bithop’s fee, and a
univerfity. It is feated on the Iffuela,
35 miles Ne of Saragofla. Lon. o 2 w,
lat. 4. 18 N.
Hvuescar, atown of Spain, in Gra-
nada, with a caftle, 60 miles nz of
Granada. Lon, 2 20 W, lat. 37 45 N.
HvESsEN, a town of Dutch Guel-
derland, feated on the Rhine, three miles
s of Arnheim.
HuerTTA, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, 67 miles & of Madrid. Lon. 1
55 W, lat. 40 22 N.
HULL, or Kincsron upon HULL, a
borough and feaport in the £ riding of
Yorkthire, with a market on Tueiday
and Saturday. It was built by Edward
1, who called it Kingfton, and it is
feated on the river Hull, on the n fide
of the Humber. It is a large town with
two parifh-churches, and is a ‘county of
itfelf, governed by a mayor. Jt is tor-
tified, and is the firft town that fhut its
gates agiinf€ Charles 1; but its fortifi-
cations are now inconfiderable, while its
ec -mmerce is increafed fo much, that it
is deemed the fourth port in the kingdom.
Its fituation is extremely advantageous ;
for, befide its communication’ with the
Yorkfhire rivers and canals, it has accefs
alfo to the Trént ‘and ‘all its ‘branches:
hence it has the import and export trade
of many of the northern and midland
counties. The foreign trade is chiefly to
the Baltic: but/it has regular traffic,
with the fouthern parts of Europe, and
ent, &cc. of
Cool. were
nm; but the
d the com- Be
fituation. fl
f the fineft {
r America.
juntry, he- 4
hamplain, i,
and enters Bab
York, after hie
| navigable 4
or fhips to | ae
altic, three
eden, and
om it was
It has one
rs hay and
© its own i,
vas the ob- ;
cho Brahe, "
ence; nine
4.N by E of
t.55 S4.Ne
| of Spain,
fee, and a
he Iffuela,
on.o02W,;
n, in Gra-
les NE of
37 45 Ne
tch Guel.
hree miles
h, in New
- Lon:
HULL, a
riding of
h Tueiday
y Edward
and it is
he N fide
town with
‘county of
It is tor-
t thut its
ts fortifi-
while its
Ih, that it
kingdom.
tageous ;
‘with the
as accefs
branches :
port trade
midland
chiefly to
ar traffic,
rope, and
HUN
with America. More “ips are fent
hence to Greenland than from any other
sort, that of London excepted. The
Revo is artificial ; and here are docks
tor building and repairing fhips. Among
the public buildings, are the Trinity
Houle, for the relief of feamen and their
widows; acuftomhoufe, an exchange, and
a town-hall. The ftone bridge, ovey the
river, to Hoklernefs, was rebuilt in 1787,
and confifts of 14 arches. Hull fends two
members to parliament, and is 36 miles
se of York, and 173 N of London.
Lon. 0 14 Wy lat. 53.45 Ne
HuLHeN, a town of Autftrian Brabant,
nine miles sz of Bruffels. Lon. 4 37 E>
lat. §1 44.N.
Hunst, a {trong town of Dutch Flan-
ders, feated on a plain, which may be
overflowed. It was taken by the French
in 1747, and 1794. It is 15 miles Nw
ot Antwerp, and 17 Ng of Ghent. Lon.
4 6, lat.51 18 N.
Mumbge, ariver of England, formed
by the Trent, Oule, Derwent, and feveral
other ftreams. It divides Yorkthire from
Lincolnfhire, and falls inte the German
- Ocean, at Spurn Head.
‘ HummMocn, an ifland of Afia, in the
Indian Ocean, about fix miles long.
Here is a rajah, fupported in his autho-
rity by the Dutch E India Company.
The ifland is exceedingly fertile, and
produces moft of the tropical fruits ; but
the principal articles of trade with the
Dutch are bees-wax and honey. It lies
five leagues s of Mindanao. Lon. 125
12 £, lat. 5 27 N.
HUNDSFELD, a town of Silefia, feated
on the Wide, eight miles NE of Breflaw.
Lon. 17 18 E, lat. 51 9 N.
Huncary, a kingdom of Europe,
bounded on the N by Poland; on the w
by the circle of Auftria; on the s by the
Drave, which feparates it from Sela.
vonia, and by the Banube, which parts it
fron Turkey in Europe; and on the £
by Walachia and Tranfylvania. It is di-
vided, into Upper and Lower Hungary ;
and to thele may be added the Bannat of
Temefwar, incorporated into the king-
dom of Hungary in 1778. Hungary for-
merly included Tyanfylvania, Sclavonia,
Dalmatia, Servia, and Wakichia. ‘The
rincipal rivers are, the Danube, Save,
Braver Treffe, Maros, Raab, and Waag.
The air is very unhealthy, occafioned by
the Inkes and bogs, infomuch that a fort
of plague vifits them every three or four
years. “It abounds in all the necedaries
of life, and the wine, éfpecially that
celled Toskay, is-excellent. There are
HUN
mines of gold, filver, copper, and trons
and they have fuch plenty of game, that
hunting is allowed to all. ¢ inhabi-
tants are well-fhaped, brave, haughty,
and revengeful. Their horfemen are
called Huflars, and their foot Heydukes.
Almoft all the towns of Hungary have
two names, the one German, and the
other Hungarian; and the language is a
dialeé& of the Sclavonian. The govern-
ment is hereditary in the houfe of Auttria,
and the eftablithed religion is popery,
though there are a great number of pro-
teftants. No country in the world is
better dupplied with mineral waters and
baths ; and thofe of Buda, when the Turks
were in poffeffion of it, were reckoned the
fineft in Europe. Buda is the capital
e Lower Hungary, and Prefburg of the
pper.
Bowéenrcnm a town in Berkshire,
with a market on Wednefday, feated on
the Kennet, and noted for the beft trout
and crawfith in England. It is 64 miles
w of London. Lon. 1 26 w, lat. 5x
26 N.
HUNNINGUEN, a fortified town of
France, in the department of Upper
Rhine and late province of Alface, feated
on the Rhine, A id miles N of Baile. Lon.
II 40 By lat. 47 40 N.
Hunmansy, a town in the e riding
of Yorkshire, with a market on Tuelday,
34 miles Ne of York, and 209 N of
London. Len. o 12 w, lat. 54 12 N.
HUNTINGDON, the county-town of
Foetal. aarti witha market on Satur-
day. It is feated on a rifing ground, on
the river Oufe, over which is a ftone
bridge to Godmanchetter ; and was once
a ea place, having no lefs than s5
churches, which are now reduced to
two. It fends two members to parlia-
ment, and is governed by a mayor.
Huntingdon is the birthplace of Oliver
Cromwell. It is 16 miles w by wn of
Cambridge, and 65 N of London. Lon.
© 5 W, lat. 52 17 N.
HUNTINGDONSHIRE, a county of
England, 2'5 miles in length, and 20 in
its broadeft part; bounded on the nN and
NW by Northamptonfhire, on the gE by
Cambridgefhire, andon the sw by Bed-
tordfhire. It contains four hundreds;
fix market-towns, and 79 parithes. The |
principal rivers are the Oule and Nen:
The SE part confifts of beautiful meadows.
The middle and weftern parts are fertile
in corn, and {prinkled with woods; and
the upland part was, anciently, a foreft,
peculiarly adapted for hunting. The ne
part ¢onlifts of fens, which join: chof& of
HUY
Bly; but they are drained, fo as to afford
yich pafturage, and even large crops of
com. In the midft of them are fome
thallow poois, abounding with fifth; and
a lake of confiderable fize called Whit-
tlefea Mere. The air is good, except in
the fenny parts, which are aguith. Its
chief commodities are com, malt, and
cheefe; and it fattens abundance of
cattle. This county fends four mem-
bers to parliament; and the fheritf, who
$s chofen alternately from Cambridge-
fhire, the ifle of Ely, and Huntingdon-
fhire, is theriff of both counties.
HunrtsPiL, a {mall town in Somerfet-
fhire, at the mouth of the river Parret,
five miles N of Bridgewater, and 143
w by s of London. Lon. 3 12 w, lat.
gi iN.
Hurpwar, 2 town of the province
of Delhi, where the Ganges firft enters
the plains of Hindooftan. It is 117 miles
w by Eof Delhi. Lon. 78 15 &, lat. 29
N.
Ter canis a lake of N America, which
lies between 80 and 85° w lon, and 42
and 46° Nn lat. It has a communication
with Lake Michigan, by the ftraits -of
Michillimackinac; with Lake Superior
to the NE, by the ftraits of St. Mary; and
with Lake Eric to the s, by the ftraits of
Detroit. Its fhape is nearly triangular,
and its circumference about 1000 miles.
The Chipeway Indians live {cattered
around this lake; and on its banks are
found amazing quantities of fand cherries:
See MANATAULIN and THUNDER Bay.
Hurst Caste, a caftle in Hamp-
fhire, near Lymington. It is feated on
the extreme point of a neck of land,
which fhoots into the fea toward the ifle
of Wight, from which it is diftant two
miles. In this caftle Charles 1 was con,
fined previoufly to his being brought to
trial.
HuSSINGABAD, 2 town of Hindoo-
ftan, in the province of Malwa, but on the
s fide of the Nerbudda, and on the
frontiers of Nagpour, the eaftern divifion
of the Mahratta empire. It is 140 miles
ww of Nagpour. Lon. 77 54 £, lat. 22
q2.N.
Husum, a town of Denmark, in the
duchy of Slefwick, with a ftrong citadel.
It is feated near the river Ow, on the
German Ocean, 20 miles w of Slefwick.
Lon. 9 oO E, lat. §4.45 N.
Huy, atown of the Netherlands, in the
bifhopric of Liege. It has been often
taken and retaken; and the confederates
JAF
it till 1718, when they demolithed the
fortifications, and furrendered it to the
bifhop of Liege. It is feated on the
Maele, 12 miles wsw of Liege. Lon. 5
22 E, lat. 50 32 N.
HyDRABAD, the capital of Galconda,
in the Deccan of Hindooftan, feated on
a river that falls into the Kiftna, 352
miles N by BE of Madras. Len. 78 51
E, lat. 37 32 NL
Hyprasap, a fort of Hindooftan
Proper, in the province of Sindy. It is
the refidence of a Mahometan prince,
who is tributary to the king of Candahar.
It is fituate on the Indus, not far above
the head of the Delta, and in the neigh
bourhood of Nufferpour. Lon. 69 30 £,
lat. 25 29 N.
Hypouire, Str. a town of France,
in the department of Gard and late pro-
vince of Languedoc. A canal croffes
the town, which turns feveral miles, and
fupplies many fountains with water. An_
iniult, offered by the inhabitants to a
prieft, who was carrying the viaticum,
occafioned the revocation of the edié of
Nantes. This town has a good fort, and
is feated on the Vidourle, near its fources
12 miles sw of Alais. Lon. o 4, lat.
43 55 .N.
HyTHE. See HiTHE.
ABLUNKA, a town of Silefia, in the
J territory of Tefchen, 30 miles se of
‘roppaw. Lon. 18 10 Ey lat. 49 41 N.
Jacca, an ancient town of Spain, in
Arragon, with a bifhop’s fee, and a fort.
It is feated ona river of the fame name,
among the mountains @f Jacca, which are
a part of the Pyrenees, 22 miles N of Hu-
efca. Lon. o 9 wy lat. 42 36 N.
Jaci-p’-AGUILA, a feaport of Sicily,
yo miles N by E of Catania. Lon. 15
26 £, lat. 37 27.N.
JSEN, a town of Spain, in Andalufia,
with a bifhop’s fee, and acaftle. It igs
feated in a country producing excellent
fruits, and very fine filk, at the foot of
a mountain, 15 miles sw of Baeza. Lon,
3 22 Wy, lat. 37 38 N.
Jarra, a town of Paleftine, formerly
called Joppa, and entirely fallen from its
ancient grandeur. It is 50 miles Nw of
Jerufalem. Lon. 45 © £, lat. 32 16 N.
JAFNAPATAN, a feaport of Ceylon, at
the N end of that ifland, and 100 miles
N of Candy. The Dutch took it from
the Portuguefe in 1658; and it was taken
having reduced it in 1706, it was.deft
in poffesion of the Dutch, who retained bY the Englith in Ot.cber 1795. Hence
wy
iolifhed the
1 it to the
ted on the
e. Lon. 5
f Galeonda,
1, feated on
Ciltna, 352
Lon. 78 53
Hindooftan
ndy. It is
tan prince,
f Candahar.
t far above
1 the neigh-
n. 69 36 Ey
of France,
nd late pro-
anal croffes
l miles, and
water. An
yiiants to a
le viaticum,
the edict of
od fort, and
ur its fource,
O48, lat.
ilefia, n the
miles SE of
t.49 41 N.
bf Spain, in
, and a fort.
{ame name,
hy which are
es N of Hu-
36 N.
rt of Sicily,
Lon. 15
Andalufia,
ftle. It is
excellent
the foot of
aeza. Lon,
e, formerly
en from its
iles nw of
42 16 N.
Ceylon, at
100 miles
ok it from
t was taken
5+ Hence
JAG
“ are exported great quantities of tobacco,
and fome elephants, which are accounted
the moft docile of any in the world. Lon.
Bo 45 B, lat. 9 47 Ne ;
Taoatwada a famous pagoda, in the
pehinfula of Hindooftan, and province of
Orifla. It is one of the firft objets of
Hindoo veneration, and an excellent fea-
mark. It lies on the bay of Bengal, a
few miles E of Lake Chilka, and 321
sw of Calcutta. Lon. 85 40 8, lat. rg
N.
TAOERNDORF, a town and caftle of
Silefia, capital of a province of the fame
name. It is feated on the Oppa, 65
miles s by £ of Breflaw. Lon. 17 24,
lat. 50 4.N. ,
JaGHIRE, a tract of land, in the
Carnatic, fubjecét to the Englifh E India
Company. ‘It extends along the bay of
Bengal, from Madras to Lake Pullicate
on the nN, to Alemparvé on the 6, and to
Conieveram on the w; being 108 miles
along the fhore, and 47 inland in the
wideft part. It contains 2449 {quare
miles, and its annual revenue is about
150,000l.
Jaco, Sr. the large and moft fertile
of the Cape de Verd Iflands. It lies 13
miles w of the ifland of Mayo, and
abounds with high barren mountains ; but
the air, in the <ciny-feafon, is unwhole-
fome to ftangers. The animals are beeves,
horfes, afles, mules, deer, goats, hogs,
civet-cats, and monkies. Here are fowls
and birds of almoft all forts; and Indian
corn, plantains, bananas, pompions,
oranges, lemons, tamarinds, pineapples,
cocoa-nuts, guavas, tar, apples, and
fugar-canes, It has alfo fome cedar-trees,
and plenty of cotton. Ribeira-Grande is
the capital.
Jaco, Sr. the capital of Chili, with
a good harbour, a Eithop’s fee, and a
royal audience. It is feated in a beauti-
ful plain, abounding in all the neceffaries
of life, at the foot of the Andes, on the
river Mapocho. Here are feveral canals,
and a dike, by means of which they water
the gardens and cool the ftreets. It is
fubject. to earthquakes, and the inhabi-
tants are native Americans and Spani-
ards. Lon. 71 5 w, lat. 34 108.
Jaco-pg-CuBa, S7. a town on the
8 coaft of Cuba, with a good harbour, at
the bottom of a bay, and on a river of
the fame name. Lon. 76 10 w, lat. 20
5.N.
JAGO-DE-LOS-CAVALLEROS, ST. a
town of Hifpaniola, on the river St. Jago,
in a fertile foil, but bad aig, Lon. 70
38 W, lat. 19 22 N.
JAM
Jaco-peL-EnTERO, ST. @ town of
S America, in Tucuman, and the ufual
refidence of the inquifitor of the province.
It is feated on the Dulce, 475 miles ssz
of Potofi. Lon. 62 ow, lat. 28 25s.
Jaco pEGuATIMALA, ST. SeeGua.
TIMALA, NEw.
JaGo-DE-LAS-VALLES, ST. a town of
New Spain, in the audience of Mexico,
feated on tic river Panuco. Lon. 100
© W, lat. 23 oN. :
JAGo-pE-La-VEGA, ST. or SPanisn
Town, a town of Jamaica, where the
aflembly and the grand courts of juftice
are held. It was once a populous place,
containing two churches, a monatiery,
and feveral chapels ; but it isnow reduced
to a {mall compais, and has only one
church, and a chapel. It is feated in a
pleafant valley, on the Rio Cobre, jeven
-miles Nw of Port Paflage, on the bay
Port Royal. dyn. 76 49 w, lat. 28
N.
Jaco-pg-7 zon, Sr. the- capital of
the diftri® of Caraccas, in S America.
Lon. 64 48 w, lat. 9 32.N.
Jacopna, a town of Turkey in Eu.
rope, in Servia, feated on the Morava,
70 miles sE of Beigrade.
Jatcza, a town of Turkey in Europe,
in Boinia, with a ftrong citadel, feated
on the Plena, 50 miles Ne of Bofna-Se.
rago.
JAxuTsKor. See YAKUTSK.
JAMAGOROD, a town in the Ruffian
government of St. Peterfburg, with a
itrong fort, feated on the Jama, 12 milee
NE of Narva. Lon. 28 3 &, lat. g9
25 Ne t
Jamaica, an ifland of the W Indies,
difcovered by Columbus, in 1494. It
lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 30 leagues w
of Hifpaniola; nearly the fame diftance
s of Cuba, and 145 leagues N of Car-
thagena, on the continent of S America.
It is of an cval figure, 150 miles long,
and 40 broad in the middle. It containe
upward of. 4,000,000 acres, and is di-
vided by aridge of hills which run length-
wite from EB tow. Here numerous fine
rivers take their rife from beth fides, yet
none of them are navigable, even for
barges; but fome are fo large, that the
fugars are carried upon them in canoes
from the remote plantations to the teafide :
fome of thein run under ground for a
confiderable {pace, particularly the Rio.
Cobre and the Rio-Pedra, The moun-
tains, and great part of the ifland, are
covered with woods, which look green at
all times of the year; for heve is an eter-
nal igring, There are many different
JAM
kinds of trees adorning the brow of every
hill, and forming groves and cool retreats.
Among thefe are the lignum vitz, the
cedar, and the mahogany-trees. In the
vallies are fugar-canes, and fuch a variety.
of trujt-trees, as to make the country
look like a paradife. But to balance
this, there are alligators in the rivers ;
guianoes and galliwa{ps in the fens and
marfhes; and inakes and noxious ani-
mals in the mountains. The longeft day
is about 13 hours; aad about nine in the
moming it is {fo intolerably hot, that it
would be difficult to live, if the fea-
breezes did not arife to cool the air.
Sometimes the nights are pretty cool, and
there are great dews, which are deemed
unwholefome, efpecially to new comers.
The year is diftinguifhed into two fea-
fons, the wet and ary ; but the rains are
not fo frequent as formerly, which is fup-
poled to be owing to the cutting down of
the woods. The months of July, Au-
guft, and September, are called the hur-
ricane months, becaufz then they are the
mott frequent ; and there is lightning al-
molt every night. There is not above a
third part of the ifland inhabited, for the
plantations are all by the feafide. Here
and there are favannas, or large plains,
where the original natives ufed to plant
their Indian corn, and which the Spani-
ards made ufe of for breeding their cattle.
The bett houfes are generally built low,
being only one ftory, on account of the
hurricanes and earthquakes; and the ne-
groes huts are made of reeds, and wiil
hold only two or three perfons. The
common drink is Madeira wine, or rum
unch. ‘The common bread, .or that
which ferves for it, is plantains, yams,
and caflava-roots: but, in 1793, a great
number of the bread-fruit trees were
brought here from Otaheite, and intro-
duced into the different plantations. Hogs
and theep are plentiful; but the fervants
generally feed upon Irifh falt-beef, and
the negroes have herrings and falt-fifh.
The general produce of this ifland is fu-
gar, rum, ginger, cotton, indigo, pimen-
tay chocolate, leveral. kinds of woods, and
medicinal drugs. It has fome tobacco,
but not good, and uled only by the ne-
groes,, who, can fearce live without it;
alfo Indian, corn, Guinea corn, and peas
of various kinds, with variety of roots.
Fruits wae in great plenty, fuch as oran-
ges, lemons, ihaddocks, citrons, pome-
granates, mannneesy {weet-fops, papaws,
pineapples, ftar-apples, prickly pears,
melons, pompions, guavas, and many
other jorts. ‘These are four negrocs toa
Fe ALN
white man; and of the‘ former there‘are
about 100,000, befide a mixed breed, be-
tween the blacks, whites, and mulattoes,
This ifland was taken by the Englifh in’
1655;. and is now the moft valuable of
their W India coloniés. In June 17955,
the Maroons, or original natives, who
inhabit the mountains, rofe: againft!the~
Englith; and were not quelled till March
1796. ‘The principal town-is Kingtton ;°
but St. Jago de Ja Vega, or Spanifh
Town, is the feat of government.
Jamana, the capital of a principality
in Arabia Felix, feated on the river Aftan,
150 miles w of Elcatit.
Jampi,. or JamBis,.a feaport and
fmall kingdom, on the £ coaft of the
ifland of Sumatra. The Dutch have a
fort here, and export pepper hence, ‘with
the beft fort of canes. It is 160 miles N
of Bencoolen. Lon. 102 35 8, lat. 0
N.
"hata Sr. an hofpital and burying-
ground, near Bafil in Swifferland, cele-
brated for a battle, tought by 3000 Swifs
againft an army of 30,000 French, in
which only 32 of the former remained’
alive, defperately wounded, on the field
of battle. Sixteen that efcaped from the
field, were branded with infamy, for not
having facrificed their lives in defence of
their country; and the conquerors them-
felves were compelled to retire into Al-
face.
James Bay. See Hupson’s Bay:
James IsLanp, an ifland of Atrica,
30 miles up the river Gambia, and three
miles from its neareft fhore. Here the
Englifh have a fort and faétory. Lon. 16
OW, lat. 13 15 .N.
« James ‘Istanp, an ifland of S$ Caro-
lina, oppofite Charlefton.
James Isuanp, an-ifland of N Ame-
rica, in Baffin's Bay, between Davis’
Straits and Baffin’s Straits. Lon. 62
35 W, lat. 70 ON.
James Rivoar, a fine river of Vir-
ginia, which enters the bay of Chefapeak,
near Hampton.
JamMEs Town, a town oi the United
States, once the capital of Virginia, feat-
ed in a peniniula, on the N fide of James
River. Lon. 76 29 W, dat. 37 3Ne
James Town, a borough of Iyeland,
in the county of Leitrim, feated on the
Shannon, five miles 8 by E of Carrick,
and 73 Nw of Dublin. Lon. 8 29 wy,
lat. 53 51 N.
JameTs, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Meufe and late province of
Barrois, 12 miles s of Stenay. i“
Janna, a province of Turkey.in Euy
mer. there’are
ed breed, be:
id mulattoes,
1¢ Englith in’
t valuable of
1 June 1795,,
atives, who
againtt! the.
d till March
is Kingtton ;°
or Spanith
nment.
principality
river Aftan,
feaport and
coalt of the
utch have a
hence, ‘with’
160 miles nN
5 B, lat. o
nd burying-
rland, cele-
3000 Swifs
French, in
er remained’
mn the field
ed from the
my, for not
1) defence of
erors them-
‘e into Al-
N's Bay:
of Atrica,
and three
Here the
- Lon.16
of S Caro-
bf N Ame-
en Davis’
Lon. 62
r of Vir-
hefapeak,
he United
inta, feat-
of James
ZN.
of Ireland,
ed on the
Carrick,
8 29 Wy
in the de-
bovinee of
éy.in Eu
- Ante 70 provinces. ,
. try imthe world for.gold, and the air and
. Water are-very gocd.
; deal of rice, which ‘is reaped in Septem-
_ ber; millety wheat} andsbarley, which is
JAP
bounded on*the Nn» by Macedonia,
Spa s by Livadia, owthe w by .Al-
-bapias and’on the E by the Archipelago.
Ir is the: T yi a the ancients, and
iffa is the capital. - > 1+ —
ay Nay @ ‘iene of: Turkey'in Europe,
sina province of the fame name, 62 miles
gyeot Isaviflasi~Lon. 21 36 £, lat. 49
= Janows32) a town of Bohemia, inthe
_ circle of Kaufhim, famous for a battle, in
1645, between the Swedes and Auftrians,
when the latter were defeated. It iv 48
- miles se of Prague. .: Lon. 15 38:£, lat.
Nail °3? 3
+ AeHtcHigdoU-POU) a city of: China,
in the ‘province of.Kiang-fi, feated on the
river, PO, which, at: a imalldiftance, en-
ters the “pied It commands feven
_ cities of the thirdclafs. >
Japan, a-.large empire in the moft
eaftern part of Avia, compoted. of feveral
- iflands, the-principalof which is Niphon.
The whole! empire ‘is divided into feven
rincipal countries; which are fubdivided
It is the richelt coun-
It produces a great
got inin May. . Cedargarecommon, and
fo large ithat they aré proper for the maits -
| of thips and columns ‘or temples. Here
are large quantities of porcelain, filk, and
ikins,.as alfo red pearls,.which are not in
: lefs efteem than the'white. “The Japa-
nefe are naturally. ingenious; and have a:
happy. memory ; but their manners are
diametrically oppofite to thote of the Eu-
ropeans. Their common drinks: are all
hot; they uncover the feet out.of refpeét,
are tond of black ‘teeth, and get on horte-
back on the left fide» -Théy have neither
tables, beds; nor chairs,, but fit and lie on
Carpets and;.mats in the manner of the
Turks; and:-they have a language fo pe-
culiar, : that: it :ii# underttood . by no other
nation. .. The fciences are highly efteemed
- among.them, aindithey have {everahi{chools
at different: places, in which.are taught
erithmetic, rhetoric, poetryy hiftory, and .
aftronomy: .“Some of their {theols at Me-
aco have ea¢h ahdve3000:fcholars. They
.treat the women with great feverity, and.
‘punifh adultery-with death ;.ryet .a man’
may take as many -wives.as he pleafes.
The Japanefe are naturally good joldiers,
and ‘kilful at fhooting with a bow’: hotw-
ever, ag they inhabit nothing butviilands,
they are feldom at war with their’ neigh-
bours, They fortnerly carried on a trade
with’ the neighbouring. countries ; but
_houfes.in the nighttime.
'dife which the Dutch carry to Japan ate
JAR
now all communication is forbidden, ex
~cept with the Chinefeand Dutch. Their
emperor is cailed dairo; and in the mi- -
nority of one of them, in 1150, when they
had. civil wars, one of the competitors for
the crown aflumed the ecclefiaitical go.
vernment, retaining the fame title; while
the other, who nied in civil affairs, was
called Cuba; and things have remained
on the fame footing to this day. The.
dairo is the chief emperor, and conters
the dignity upon the other, as if he were
his vailal. The religion of the country
is paganifm; but ‘there are two different
fests. There was once a great number
ot Chriftians in different parts of the
empire; but, in 1638, they underwent
great perfecutions, infomuch,. that they
were all” extirpated... The only Euro-
peans that trade with Japan, are the
Dutch ;: and whenever their thips arrive,
‘they take away their. guns, fails, and
helms; and carry themvon fhore till they
are ready to return back... In the abfente
of, the thips, the factors are fhut up in’a
fmall penin{fula, and are not futfered 40
much as to have a‘ lighted ‘candle in theiy
The merchaa-
{pices, fugar, linen and woollen. cloth,
elephants teeth, and haberdafhery wares ;
for which they receive gold, filver, cabj-
nets, and other: japahned and. lackered
wares, The capital ofthe empire is
Jedo. is yd gered 2K
JAPARA, a fiaport on the Nw. toaft of
the ifland of Java, with a good harbour,
It was the capital of. a confiderable king-
dom, till the Dutch made them(elves mat-
ters of it; and now theyhave a colony
-here, and a contiderable trade. It'is 253
miles £ by s of Batavia. Lon. 110°458,
lat. 6 20 8. uta
JARGEAU, a town of France} in the
department of Loiret and. late province
of Orleanois. It was taken by the Eng-
lith in 1438, and retaken by Joan of Arc
the next year. It is ro-miles sz of Or-
Jeans, and 70 sw of Paris.
JARIsLAU. See YAROSLAF.
JARNAC, a town of France, in the de.
‘ partment of Charente and late province of
Angoumois. It is remarkable for a vic-
tory obtained by Henry 111 (then duke of
Anjou) over the Huguenots, in 1569. It
is feated on the Charente, 20 miles w of
Angoulefine, and 235 s by w of Paris.
Lon. o 4.W, lat..45 43 N.
JaROMITZ, a,town of Bohemia, feated
on the Elbe, 27 miles sw of Glatz, and
52 NE of Prague. Lon.s5 57 £, lat. se
a2 Ni 4
A EE SEAN NR i sn
es Ss ne cS cca
ee es
‘
ee
gens a ae
t.
amore
JAV.
JarosLow, a town of Auftrian Po-
_ in Red Ruffia, , with a ftrong cita-
el. It is remarkable for its great fair,
and a battle gained by the Swedes, in
1656, after which they took thetown. It
js feated on the Saine, 55 miles w of
Lemburg, and 100 E of Cracow. Lon. 22
43 B, lat. 50 4.N. ;
Jarrow, a village in the bifhopric of
. Durham, near S Shields. In 1763, a
ftone was dug up in the church, et
ing that the foundation of that building
was begun in 674, inthe reign of .Egfrid,
king ot Northumberland, by Ceolfrid, its
abbot. ©
JASENITZ, @ town of Pruffian Pome-
¥ania, in the duchy of Stetin, feated on
the Oder, eight miles N of Stetin.
Jasque, a feaport of Perfla, on the
If of Ormus, and in the province of
Kerman: Lon. 59 15 £, lat. 26 10 N.
JASSELMERE, a town of Hindooftan
Proper, in a fmall territory of the fame
name, fubject ta a petty rajah, in the pro-
* vince of Agimere. It is 680 miles n of
Bombay. Lon.73 08, lat.27 34N.
Jassy, the capital of Moldavia, and
refidence of the hofpodar of that country,
who is a vaffal of the grand fignior. In
3753,, the whole city was deftroyed by
3; but it is now a well-fortified place,
detended bya caftle. It has been feveral
times taken in the wars between the
’ ‘Turks and the Ruffians or Autftrians ;
the laft time by the latter in 1788, who
- reftored it by the peace of Reichinbach in
4790, It.is feated on the Pruth, 125
miles w of Bender. Lon. 27 35 £; lat.
47 8N.
JaTs, once a powerful Hindoo tribe,
in Hindooftan Proper, to whom all that
now remains is the finall territory of
Bhartpour, 45 miles w of Agra.
’ Java, an ifland of the E Indies, lying
to the sof Berneo, and feparated at its
w end from Sumatra, by the ftrait of
Sunda. It is fometimes calied Great
Java, to diftinguith it from Bali, by fome
named Little Java; and is 420 miles in
length, and of various breadth, extending
from1o5 to 118° £ lon. and 6 to 8° § lat.
‘The w coait has a great many commo-
dious creeks, bays, harbours, and towns,
with many little iflands near the fhore.
In former times, it had as many petty
Kings as there were large towns; but
now it has two kingdoms only; one of
which is under the king of Mataram, and
the other under the king of Bantam.
‘The Javanefe are a barbarous, proud,
and fierce people, of a brown complexion,
fhort coal-black hair, large cheeks, Saal}
eyes, and ares eye
women are {mall.
. piece of calico wrapt two or three times
‘IBO
brows.. The men. are
ftrong-limbed ; but the
e men wear a
very robuft
round their middle; and the women wear
‘them from their armpits down to their
knees ; but all other parts are bare. The
men have two or three wives, and feveral
concubines, according to their circuin-
ftances. Thole that live near the fea~
fide are generally Mahometans ; but with-
in land they are Gentoos, abftaining from
fleth of all kinds. This ifland has very
. high rountains,. particularly the Pepper
mountain on the s fide; it has likewife
impaflable forefts and wilderneffes ; but
to then, between Batavia and Bantam,
is a very populous country,. full of rice-
fields, and plenty of falt and pepper, be-
fide moft forts of fruits proper to the chi-
‘mate.’ Here alfo -is:splenty of ‘hogs,
‘beeves, and fheep, with other tame ani-
_ mals; and likewiie fowl, both wild and
tame, in great abundance. In the woods
are large tigers, rhinocerofes, and: other
wild heafts; and in the rivers are croco-
diles. The air is as temperate and heal.
thy as in any part of the E Indies. The
ferene feafon is from May:till November ;
and then the rains begin, which lay the
low grounds:under water, kill the inie&s,
and continue tif! May. In March they
begin to fow, and:in July the fugar and
rice begin: toripeh; but September and
O&tober are the beft months for all forts
of fruits. Java has’ a river which rifes
in the mountains, and, dividing itfelf into
many branches, waters the circumjacent
Sat eg : thefe afterward reunite, and
pafs through Batavia, dividing it into
two parts. This ifland is moftly under -
the dominion of the Dutch; and, befide
the native Javanefe, it is inhabited by
Chinefe, Malayans, Amboynele, Topafies,
Bugafles, Timoreans, and many other
people, brought from diftant countries by
the Dutch. In 1740, the Dutch pretended
that the Chinefe were going to make an
infugreCtion, and w; mn that account dif.
armed them; and yet, after that they
barbayoufly maffacred them, to the num-
ber-6f 20,000 men, women, and children,
and’ feized their effects. Batavia is the
capital,
Jawer, a ftrong town of Silefia, capi-
tal of a province of the fame name, with
a citadel, and a large {quare, furrounded
by piazzas. It is 12 miles s of Lignitz,
and 88 £ of Prague: Lon. 16 36-8,
lat. 50 58 N. ‘ .
Javpour. See Jyzrour.
Laonc, o Ipznc, a town of Welt.
The men ase
nbed ; but the
men wear a
or three times
he women wear
down to their
are bare. The
es, and feveral
their circuin.
Near the fea-
ans 3 but with-
bitaining from
fland has ve
rly the Pepper
t has likewife
lderneffes ; but
2 and Bantam,
ty, full of rice-
nd pepper, be-
Oper to the chi-
nty of ‘hogs,
ther tame ani-
both wild and
In the woods
fes, and other
vers are croco.
erate and heal.
> Indies. The
till November ;
which lay the
cill the infe&s,
in March they
the fugar and
September and
8 for all forts
er which rifes
Hing itfelf into
circumjacent
reunite, and
iding it into
nh; dnd, befide
inhabited by
nele, Topafles,
many other
t ¢puntries by
tch pretended
g to make an
account dif.
that they
, to the num-
and children,
avia is the
e Tame, with
9 furrounded
8 of Lignitz,
16 36-8,
R.
n of Wet.
moftly under .
GUA
phalia, in the bifhopric of Ofnaburg, 10
miles sav of Ofnaburgh,: and 30 NE of
Muniter. Lon. 8 208, lat. 52 14.N.
ICELAND, a large ifland to the w of
Norway, 300 miles in length, and 150 in
breadth, lying between 64 and 66° N lat.
For two months together the fun never
fets; and in the winter it never rifes for
the fame fpace, at leaft not entirely. The
middle of this ifland is mountasious,
ftony, and barren; but in fome places
thereare excellent paftures. Mount Hecla
is the moft noted: mountain, and is a vol-
¢ano, which fometimes throws out ful-
hureous torrents. The inhabitants be-
ieve that fome of the fouls of the damned
go to this mountain, and that others are
confined to the ice near tiiis ifland. Their
houfes are at a diitance from each other,
and many of themdeep in the ground;
but they are all miferabic nuts, covered
with fkins. Many of the inhabitants
profefs Chriftianity ; but thofe that live
at a diftance are pagans. They are moft-
ly clothed with the ikins of beafts. The
Danes trade with the natives for hides,
tallow, trainoil, whalebone, and feahorfes
teeth, which are as good as ivory. Ice-
land, which was confidered by the ancients
as the Ultima Thule, or the extremity of
the world, and by us as {carcely habitable,
ence abounded in learning and {cience, at
‘a time when great part of Europe was in-
volved in darknefs. Their language was
the old Gothic or Teutonic, -the verna-
cular tongue of the Swedes, Danes, and
Norwegians, before it branched into the
feveral dialeéts fince fpoken by the natives
of the/e three kiggdoms.
IcKWORTH, a town in Suffolk, witha
market on Friday. Here are the ruins of
an ancient priory, and feveral Roman coins
have been dug up. “It is 23 miles Nw
‘ef Ipfwich, and 74 NNE of London. Lon.
1 O 8, lat. 52 22 N.
ICOLMKILL, formerly Iona, a famous
little ifland, one of the Hebrides, near the
¢w point of the Ifle of Mull. It is only
three miles long and one broad; but is
very fertile. It has a mean village, and
the ruins of an auguft monaftery and ca-
thedral, faid to have been founded by St.
Columba, where there are three chapels,
or rather cemeteries, in which lever ae
cient kings of Scotland, Ireland, ard Nor-
way are buried. In former times, this
ifland was the place, where the archives
of Scotland, and many valuable and an-
cient MSs. were kept. Many of thefe,
it is faid, were carried to the Scotch Col-
lege at Douay in France. This once ce-
lebvated {eat ef royalty and learning is
JEA
now almoft deftitute of an inftruftor, t-
teach the people the common duties of
religion.
-Ipa, Mount, a lofty and pointed
anountain, in the middle of the idtand of
Candia, famous in ancient times, as bei
the place on which Jupiter was brought
up, and where there was a temple dedi-
cated to Cybele. Whatever may have
been its former beauties, it now has not
the leaft fthadow of a land{cape.
Ipa, a mountain of Turkey in Afia, in
Natolia Proper; famous, in ancient fable,
for the judgment of Paris, and for being -
the refort of the gods during the Trojan
war.
IDANHA-LA-NVEVA, a town of Por-
tugal, in Beira, three miles sw. of Idan-
hha-la-Vella. ,
IDANHA-LA-VELLA, a town of Por-
tugal, in Beira. The French took it
by aflault in 1704. It is feated on the
Ponful, 25 miles ne of Caftel Branco.
Lon. 6 14.W, lat. 39 39 N.
Ipria, a town of Germany, in the
duchy of Carniola, and county of Goritz,
with a caftle. Here are rich quickfilver
mines, difcovered in 1497. It is feated
amid mountains, in a deep valley, on t
river Idria, 17 miles Ng of Goritz, an
25 Nof Trieft. Lon. 13 52-8, lat. 46
20 N.
IpsTEIN, a town of Germany, in Wee
teravia, which is the refidence of a branth
of the houfe of Naffau. It is 12 miies
NE of Mentz. Lon. 8 23 £, lat. 50
2 N.
JEAN, St. a town of France, in the
department of Mofelle and late province
of Lorrain, feated on the Sare, 12 miles
w of Deux-Ponts. Lon. 7 12 £, lat. 49
16 N.
JEAN-D’ANGELY, a town of France,
in the department of Lower Charente and
late pees of Saintonge, with a late
fine Benedi&tine abbey It was taken
from the Huguenots, ia 1621, by Lewis
x111, who demolithed the fortifications.
It is famous for its brandy, and is feated
on the Boutonne, 15 miles Nz of Saintes,
and 32 se of Rochelle. Lon. o 20 w,
lat. 45 §9 N.
JEAN-DE-LONE, ST. a town of France,
in the department of Céte d’Or and late
province of Burgundy, feated on the
Saone, 15 miles se of Dijon, and 155
se of Paris, Lon. 5 19 £, lat. 47
8 N.
JEAN-DE-Luz, ST. a town of France,
in the department of the Lower Pyrenees
and late province of Bafques, the laft
next Spain, with abarbour. This town
JED
gwes its opulence to the cod and whale
fifhery. It is feated ona finall river,
near the bay of Bifeay, 10 miles NE otf
Fentarabia, and’ 12 sw of Bayonne.
Lon. 40 £, lat. 43 23 N-
JEAN-DE-MAURIENNE, a town of Sa-
voy, capital of the county of Maurienne,
with a bifhop’s fee. It is feated in a
wiley, on the riverArc, 15 miles s by w
of Montier, and 25 NE of Grenoble.
Lon. 6 20 £, lat. 45 17 N.
JEAN-PIED-DE-Port, St. a town of
France, in the department of the Lower
Pyrenees, and late province of Lower Na-
varre. It is feated on the river Nive, and
defended by a citadel, upon an eminence,
at the entrance of thofe paflages, or defiles,
in the Pyrenees, which, in this country,
are called Ports. It is 20 miles se of
Bayonne, and 30 Ne of Pampeluna
Lon. 1 33 £, lat. 43 12 N..
Jep, a river in Roxburghfhire, which
joins the Teviot, a little below Jedburgh,
at a place where the marquis of Lothian
has a feat, called Mount Teviot; -and
near this, on the w fide of the river, are
the beautiful ruins of an abbey, tounded
hy king David; a part of which ancient
-pile itill ferves for a parifh church. On
the banks of this river, are alfo feveral
large caverns, which were the hiding
places of ancient border warriors.
_ - JepBurGna, a borough in Roxburgh-
fhire, fituate on the Jed, near its contiu-
ence with the Teviot. It has a good
market for corn and cattle, and is the feat
of the courts of juftice tor the county. It
is 36 miles se of Edinburgh. Lon. 2
25 W, lat. §5 35 N.
| Jevo, the capital of the empire of Ja-
pan, fituate in Niphon, the largeft of the
Japanefe iflands, It is open on all fides,
having neither walls nor ramparts; and
the houtes are built of earth, and boarded
on the outfide, to prevent’ the rain from
deftroying the walls. In every ftreet is
an iron gate, which is fhut up im the
night, and a kind of cuftomhoufe, or ma-
gazine, for merchandife. It is nine miles
in length, and fix in breadth, and con-
tains 1,000,000 inhabitants. A fire hap-
pened in 1658, which, in the {pace of 48
hours, burnt down 100,000 houfes, and
the emperor’s palace ; but the whole is
rebuilt. The imperial pajace is in the
‘wile of the town, and is defended by
walls, ditches, towers, and_ battions.
Where the emperor refides are three tow-
ers, nine ‘tories high, each covered with
plates of gold; and the hall of audience
is Jupperted by pillars of mafly gold.
Near the palace are feveral others, where _
JER
the relations of the emperor live. The
emprefs. has a palace of her own, and
there are 20 fmall ones for the concubines.
Befideg,: all the vaffal kings have each a
palace in the city, with a handfome gar-
den, and ftables for 2000 horfes. he
houfes of the common fort are nothing
but a ground-floor, the rooms parted by
folding fkreens ; fothat they can be made
larger or fmaller at pleafure. Jedo is feat-
ed in a plain, at the bottom of a fine bay ;
and the river which croffes it is divided
into feveral canals. Lon. 139 30 E; lat.
36 10 N. '
JEHUD, or JouD, mountains in the
NW part of Hindooftan Proper, extending
from Attock, eaftward to Bember.. They
are part of the territory of the moun-
taineers, called Gickers, Gehkers, or Ka-
kares. After Timuy had paffed the In-
dus, in 1398, the chiefs of thefe moun-
tains came to make their fubmiffion to
him, as Ambifares, the king of the fame
country, did to Alexander, about 1730
years before.
JEKYL, a fimall .ifland of N America,
on the coait of Georgia, s of the ifland
of St. Simon's. ;
JENA, a ftrong town,of Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, with. a univerfity, It is
feated on the Sala, 10 miles sz of Wei-
mar, and 25 se of Ertort. Lon. 12
4, lat. 51 2N.
JENAUB. See CHUNAUB.
JENIsSA. See YENISEI.
JENISKOI. See YENISEISK.
JENO, a town of Upper Hungary, 20
miles s of Great Waradin, and 48
NE of Segedin. Lon. 21 5 8, lat. 46
40 N. ,
JERICHO, an ancient and famous town
of Paleftine, built by the Jebufites. It
is now called Herubi by the Arabs, and
contains only a few wretched huts, where
fome beggarly Arabs refide. It is five
miles w of the river Jordan, and 20 E by
N of Jerufalem. Lon. 35 50 &, lat. 3
58 N.
JERKIN. See IREKEN.
JERMAH, atown of Africa, in Fezzan.
It is diftinguifhed by the numerous herds
of fheep and gocts, that are feen around
it; by the various and abundant produce
of the adjacent fields; and by numerous
and majeftie ruins, that exhibit to the ig-
norant inhabitants of its clay-built cot-
tages, infcriptions of which they know
not the meaning, and veftiges of greatnefs
to which they are perfeétly indifferent.
Jermah is 60 miles s— of Mourzook.
Lon. 17 17 £, lat. 27 §N.
JERSEY, an ifland inthe Englifh Chan-
r live. The
er own, and
2 concubines.
, have each a
andfome gar-
horfes. ‘The
are nothing
ns parted by
‘can be made
Jedo is feat-
of a fine bay;
it is divided
39 30 E, lat.
itains in the
er, extending
mber.. They
f the moun-
hkers, or Ka-
yaffed the In-
thefe moun-
fubmiffion to
gz of the faine
, about 1730
" N America,
of the ifland
Jpper Saxony,
erfity, It is
s SE of Wei-
rt. .Lon. 12
Be
ISK.
Hungary, 20
in, and 48
5 By lat. 46
famous town
febufites. It
e Arabs, and
d huts, where
It is five
and 20 E by
50 &, lat. 32
a, in Fezzan.
merous herds
p feen around
dant produce
by numerous
bit to the ig-
ay-built cot-
they know
s of greatnefs
y indifferent.
- Mourzook.
nglifh Chan-
JER
nel, 18 miles from the coaft of Normandy
in France, and &4 8 of Portland ‘in Dor-
fethhire. It is fubje& to the Engjith;
but is {till governed by the ancient Nor-
man laws. It is 30 miles in circumfer-
ence, and difficult of accels, on account
of the rocks, fands, and forts erected for
its defence. It contains 12 parithes ;
and the chief town is St. Helier, in the
s part of the ifland. It is wel} watered
with rivulets, well ftocked with fruit
trees, and hag a noted manufacture for
woollen ftockings and caps. In 1781, a
body of French troops landed on this
ifland, furprifed the lieutenant- governor,
made him prifoner, and compelled him to
fign a capitulation: but major Pierfon,
the commander of the Englifh troops,
refufed to abide by this forced capitula-
tion, and «attacked the French in the
town of St. Helier. The French were
compelled to furrender prifoners of war ;
but the gallant major was killed’ in the
moment of viétory. Sce HELIER, ST.
Jersey, New; one of the United
States of America, bounded on the gz
by Hud{on’s Riverand the Atlangic Ocean,
on the s by Delaware Bay, on the w_ by
Pennfylvania, and on the N by a line
drawn from the moath of Mahakkamak
River in lat. 41 24 to a point in Hud{fon’s
River in lat. 41. It is 161 miles long and
52 broad ; and is divided into 13 counties.
Its produce is much the fame as that of
the neighbouring ftates. ‘Trenton is the
capital.
JERUSALEM, an ancient and famous
city of Paleftine, capital of Judea, after
David had conquered the Jebufites. It
was taken by Nebuchadnezzar in the
reign of Zedekiah, and the Jews were
led captives to Babylon. It was after-
ward taken by the Romans, and ruined,
together with the Temple, 70 years after
the birth of Chrift, ‘as had been foretold
in the fcriptures. The emperor Adrian
built a new city, near the ruins of ancient
Jerufalem. It was taken by the Perfians
in 614, and by the Saracens in 636. In
1099 it was retaken the crufaders,
who founded a new kingdom which lafted
88 years, under nine kings. Saladin,
king of Egypt and Syria, got poffeffion
of itin s187. The Turks expelled the
' Saracens in 1217, have kept poffeffion of
it ever fince, and call it HeLgops, that
is, The Holy City. It is now inhabited
by Turks, s, Jews, and Chriftians.
It ftands on a high tock, with fteep
afcents on every fide, except to the N.
It is almoft furrounded by vallies encom-
pafled with mountains, {0 that it feems
JER
to ftand in the middle of an amphitheatre.
It is about three miles in circumference,
and includes Mount Calvary, which was
formerly without the walls. What ren-
ders it confiderable is the great refort of
pilgrims; for the inhabitants accommo-
date them with lodgings and provifions,
which is their chief buiinefs. A bafhaw,
with a guard of janiffaries, always refides
here, to prote& them from the Arabs.
The church of the Holy Sepulchre, which
the pilgrims come to vifit, is a large
ftrugture, with a round nave, and has no
hight but what comes through the top,
like the Pantheon at Rome. In the
middle of the nave, and direétly under
the opening of the dome, 7s the Hol
Sepulchre, which is placed in a chapel,
whofe door is three feet high and two
broad. It is fo fmall, that it will hold
but three perfons on their knees at 2
time. At the entrance, on the right
hand, is the Pisce where the body of our
Saviour was laid. ‘The table on which
he was faid to have been laid at firlt is
two feet and a half high from the pave-
ment, which is now covered with white
marble, becaufe its vifitors were all for
carrying away a fmall bit. This chapel
is cut out of the rock, and there are three
holes in the roof, to let out the fmoke of
the lamps, which are 44 in number, and
always kept lighted. The whole is
covered with white marble, both within
and without; and on the outfide there
are 10 fine columns of the fame. It is
covered with a platform, the middle of
which is exaétly above the three holes,
and forms a finall dome, fix feet in height,
covered with lead, and fupported by 12
columns of porphyry, placed by pairs on
the platform, and fo making fe arches,
having three lamps under each. Before
the gate of the fepulchre is a filver lamp,
fo large, that two men cannot fathom it.
Every year, on Good-Friday, all the parts
of our Saviour’s paffion are folemnized and
atted here. They have firft a fermon,
and then every one takes a lighted taper
in his hand, with crucifixes, &c. to begin
the proceflion. Among the crucifixes is
one as large as life, being crowned with
thorns, and befineared with blood. They
vifit firft the pillar of flagellation; next
the prifon; afterward the altar of the di-
vifion of Chrift’s garments: then they ad-
vance to the chapel of derifion, and thence
to Mownt Calvary, leaving their thoes at
the bottom’ of the ftairs. Here are two
altars; one where our Lord was fup
to be nailed to the crofs; and another
swhere it was a al here theg fet up
jbo
the crucified image, then pull out: the
nails, take down the body, and wrap it
in a winding-fheet, which finifhes the
‘ceremony, Ferufalem is 112 miles sw
of Damafcus, and 175 Ng of Suez. Lon.
35 25 By lat.31 55 .N-
Jest, a town of Italy, in Ancona,
with a biffop’s fee. It is feated on a
mountain, near the river Jefi, 17 miles
sw of Ancona, and 112 NE of Rome.
Lon. 13 16 £, lat. 43 30N.
Jso, a group of iflands on the E coaft
of Afia, lying between thofe of Japan
and the Kuriles. The fouthermoft, called
Matmai, lies Nof Niphon. It is governed
by a tributary prince, dependent on the
empire of Japan, and fortified on the fide
toward the continent. It is full of woods ;
and the inhabitants, who live by fihhing
and hunting, are ftrong, robuit, favage,
and flovenly, when compared to the Ja-
anefe. The two iflands to the NE of
Katmai, Kunachir and Zellany, and
likewife the three {till further to the Nz,
called the Three Sifters, are perfe&tly in-
edlependent. The Japanefe give the name
ef Jefo to the whole chain of iflands be-
tween Japan and Kamtfchatka. See
KURILES.
JEVER, a town of Weltphalia, capital
of Jeverland, with a citadel. It is 17
miles NE of Aurick, and 23 NE of Emb-
den. Lon.7 41 £, lat. 53 33 N-
’ JEVERLAND, a territory of Germany,
in Wettphalia, belonging to the houfe of
Anhalt-Zerbft.
Ir, an ifland of France, the moft eaft-
ern of the three before the harbour of
Marfeilles. It is well fortified, and its
port is one of the beft in the Mediterranean.
Ic1s, a town of the country of the
Grifons, with a magnificent caftle, in
which is a cabinet of curiofities, and a li-
‘brary. It is,23 miles sw of Coire, and 23
s.of Glarus. Lon.9 o8, lat, 46 33 N.
' IcLaw, a town of Moravia, ‘remark-
able for a manufacture of good cloth,
and excellent beer. It is feated on the
‘Iglaw, 40 miles w of Brinn, and 62 sE
of Prague. Lon. 15.428, lat. 49 8N.
IGLESIAS, a town in the s part of the
ifland of Sardinia,, with a bifhop’s fee,
37 miles wsw of Cagliari. Lon.8 392
lat. 39 18 N.
THOR. See JOHORE. a
Jionrour,, a city of Hindooftan
Proper, capital of a circar of, the ‘fame
name, .in. Benares. , FI is, feated on
the Goomty ; and not 'fai’ from, the cqnflu-
ence of that river with the Ganges, is the
fort of Jionpour, a building of confidera-
ble extent, on a high bank, commanding
«
» SLERACOMB, a Seaport and caspoyate
IL F
the bridge over the Goomty. It is now
«. y in ruins, although, formerly, it
commanded the country from, the Ganges
to Lucknow. ‘This place was,, at one
time, the feat ofan empire. Chaja Je-
han, vizier to fultan Mahummud Shah,
during the minority of his fon, Mamood
Shah, aflumed the title of fultan Shirki,
or king of the Ealt, took poffeffion of
Bahar, and fixed his refidence at. Jion-
pour, where he built the great mufjud,
or maufoleum, which is fill remaining,
for himfelf and family. The ftone bridge
‘over the Goomty confifts of 16 pointed
arches ; and on the top of it are many
little fhops on both fides. It was built
in 1567, upon fuch found principles, as
to have withftood, for fuch a length of
time, the force of the ftream, which, in
the time of the rains, is very great. The
inundations have been known to rife fre-
quently over the bridge, infomuch that
in 1774, a brigade of the Britith army
pafled over it in boats. Jionpour is 49
miles nw of Benares. Lon. 847, lat.
25 45N.
Ita. See Istay.
ILants, a town in the country of the
Grifons, capital of the Grey League.
It is partly furrounded by walls ; being
the only walled town, except Coire,
among the Grifons. Here the general
diet of the three leagues aflembles every
third year. It is feated on the Rhine,
17 miles sw of Coire.
ILCHESTER,a borough in Somerfetthire,
with a market on Wednefday. It.is of
great antiquity, as appears by the Ro-
man coins dug up, and once had fixteen
churches, but now only two. It fends
two members to parliament, and here the
county gaol is kept. It is feated on the
Ivel, 16 miles s of Wells, and 123 w by
sof London. Lon. 2 37 W, lat. 50 56 N,
ILpDEFONSO, ST. a yillage of Spain,
in. New Caftile, five miles N of Uzeda,
on the river Cogolludo. Here is a mag-
nificent palace, built by Philip v, which
has very fine waterworks and gardens.
~ JLDEFONSO DE LOS ZAPOTACO®&
ST. a town of New Spain, feated on a
a mountain, 50 miles NE of Antequicra.
‘Lon..27 30 W, late1z7.5N. 0...
ILDERTON, a village in. Northumber-
land, four miles s of Wooler,.. On ahill
near jt, is, a, femicircylar encampment,
defended by two.high rampires, of earth,
ie adeep foffe, with‘an, inner. circle’ of
_ffonesy. which appear uncemented, , The
‘aréa; is about 100 yanJs diameter, and
‘gontains many remains of buildings. ~
SE
, «It is now
, formerly, it
m, the Ganges
was, at one
. Chaja Je-
ummud Shah,
fon, Mamood
fultan Shirki,
, poffeffion of
ence at, Jion-
reat mufjud,
sll remaining,
e {tone bridge
of 16 pointed
it are many
It was built
rinciples, as
4 a tenath of
m, which, in
ry great. The
wn to rife fre-
infomuch that
Britifh army
Jionpour is 49
mn. 84 7 E, lat.
country of the
Grey League.
y walls ; being
except Coire,
re the general
uffembles every
on the Rhine,
Somerfetthire,
{day. It.is of
rs by the Ro-
ce had fixteen
wo. It fends
t, and here the
s feated on the
and 123 W by
» lat. 50 56 N.
lage of Spain,
s N of Uzeda,
ere is a mag-
hilip v, which
and gardens.
ZAPOTACO&
» feated on a
of Antequicra.
_Northumber-
ger, On a.hill
‘encampment,
pires, of earth,
inner circle’ of
mented. , The
uildings..
and caspoyate
1 L-S !
town in Devanfhire, with a market on
Saturday. ‘It is governed by a mayor,
and ‘has a fpacious bafin, formed by a
good’ pier projecting into the Briftol
. Channel. This port employs a number
4 of ‘btigs and floops, chiefly in carrying
Re ore from Cornwall, coal from Wales,
and corn from Briftol; slfo a rtumber of
fithing {kiffs, which, with thofe of Mine-
head, fith on a bank off the coatt, and
take a number of foles, turbots, &c. for
» the Briftol market. It is feated almoft
* oppofite Swana, in Glamorganthire, 49
' miles nNW of Exeter, and 181 w by s
~~ of London. Lon. 4 5 w, lat. 51 14.N.
fy InueOs, a feaport of Brafil, capital of
/ % Rio-los-Iheos, 150 miles ssw of St. Sal-
vador. Lon. 41 25 W, lat. 15 5S.
ILKuUCH, a town of Poland, in the pa-
latinate of Cracow, remarkable for its fil-
ver mines mixed with lead. It is feated
ina barren conntry, at the foot of feveral
mountains, 15 miles NW of Cracow.
Lon. 19 40 £, Jat. 56 20N.
ILLE, a town of France, in the depart-
a ment of the Eaftern Pyrenees and late
mY province of Roufillon, 10 miles SE of Per-
a pignan. Lon. 3 5£, lat. 42 35.
ae ILLER, ariver of Germany, which rifes
i. in Tirol, runs n through Suabia, paffing
ps by Kempten, Memmingen, and Kirch-*
berg, and falls into the Danube, at Ulm.
ILLINOIS, a river of N America,
me which rifes in the Weftern Territory,
gs near the s end of Lake Michigan, and
i taking a sw courfe, falls into the Mif-
fillippi. Between the Illinois and the
Ohio, is the country of a noted Indian
nation, called the Illinois.
ILLOCK, a ftrong town of Sclavonia,
feated on’ the Danube, 15 miles from
Peterwaradin, and 55 Nw of Belgrade.
Lon, 20 6 £, lat.45 36N.
ILMEN, a lake of Ruifia, in the govern-
' ment of Novogorod, which has a communi-
cation with the lake Ladoga, by the river
Volkhof. Lon. 34,0 £, lat. 58 oN.
ILMINSTER, a town in Somerfetfhire,
with a market on Satuarday. It is feated
in a dirty bottom, among the hills, 26
miles sw of Wells, and 137 w by § of
| London. Lon. 2, 54.w, lat. 50 55.
Instey, East, a town in Berkthire,
with a market or Wednelday. It° is
feated in a pleafant valley, between two
hills, and excellent downs for feeding
| fheep. It’ is''14 miles Nw of Reading,
and 63 w of London, “Lon. x 12 W,
Mat. os fae er
"Inst, atownof the United Provinces, in
Friefland, feated onthe Weyiner, 12 tiles
$ of Lewarden,, Lon. § 24 £, Jat.'53 3 N,
IM E,
ILSTADT, a town of Bavaria, feated
at the confluence of the Danube and: Ills, op- °
pofite Paffau. Lon. 13 37 2; lat.48 27 N.
IMENSTADT, a town of Suabid, 26
miles 'g of of ‘Lindau. ‘Lon. 10 20 £,
lat. 47 35 N.
‘IMERITYIA, acountry of Afia, between
‘ the Black Sea and the Cafpian ; bounded
on the s by Turkey, on the w by Min-
grelia, on the N by Offetia, dnd on the
E by Georgia, of which it is, properly
{peaking, a part. The revenues of the:
fovercign, who is ftyled czar, ‘arife from
a contribution of the peafants in wine,
grain, and cattleyand from the tribute of
the neighbouring princes ; and among the’
extraordinary fources of revenue, confilca-.
tions have aconfiderable fhare. But as all
this is infufficient for the fubfittence’of the
prince, he ufually travels from houfe ta
houfe, living on his vaffals, and neveg’
changing his quarters till he has con-
fumed every thing eatable. The court
of Imeritia is, therefore, not remarkable
for fplendour, nor the prince’s table
fumptuoufly ferved. His ufual fare con-
fifts of gom (a fpecies of millet, ground,
and boiled into 4 pafte) a piece of roatted
meat, and fome preffed caviare. ‘Thefe he
eats with his fingers; forks and fpoong
being pile ot é Imeritia. At table he
is frequently employed in judging caufes,
which he decides at hie difereticn, there
being no law but his 6wnwill. He ufually
wears 2 coarfe drefs of a brown colour,
with a mufket on his fhoulder; but upon
folemn occations, he puts on a robe of rich
gold brocade, and hangs round his neck a
filver chain. He‘is diffinguithed trom his
fubjeéts by riding upon an af, perhaps
the only one in Imeritia, and by wearing
hoots. He has no regular troops, but can
colle&t an undifciplined army of 6000 men 5
nor has he any artillery. His civil ordi-
nances are iflted every Friday, which is
the market day, when one of ite fetvants
afcends a tree, and with a loud voice pro-
claims the eis, which is communicated
to the péople, by each perfon, upon his
return to the place of his\abode. ‘The
inhabitants, eftimated at 26,000 families,
aré not collegted into towns or villages,
but feattered over the country'in {mall
hamlets. They fend yearly confiderable
quantities of wine to the neighbouring
parts of Georgia, in leathetn bags, car-
ried by horfes: but they are without ia.
nufaétures, very opr and miferable; and
cruelly eppreie their landlords. ' THE
Imeritians are-6t the Greek teligior.
ae patriarch,’ who is eeneraly'of the
SO nT Bae cot Seid og, white
and the inferior clergy are not better in-
ftrusted, Their churches are wretched
buildings, fcarcely to be diftinguithed
from common cottages, but froma paper
¢rofs over the principal door, and fome
paintings of the virgin and the faints.
Cutais is the capital.
IMOLA, a populous town of Italy, in
Romagna, with a bithop's fee; feated on
the Santerno, 45 miles N by E of Flo-
yence. Lon. 11 45, lat. 44 28N.
INCHCOLM, an ifland in the frith of
Forth, near the coaft of Fife, but within
the county of Edinburgh. Here are the
fine ruins of a monaftery, founded in 1123,
by Alexander I, in gratitude, it is faid,
for his efcape, when driven on this ifland
in a tempeft, and for the hofpitable treat-
ment he received here, for three days,
rom a hermit, who entertained him with
the milk of his eow, and a few thellfith.
‘It was of the order of Auguftines and
dedicated to St. Columba.
INCHKEITH, a defolate little ifland ia
Edinburghfhire, in the frith of Forth,
lying midway between the ports of Leith
dod tetighern. Here is a ruinous fort.
INCHMARNOCK, 2 beautiful little
ifland of Scotland, sw of the ifle of Bute.
It is one mile long; and on the w fide
are vaft {trata of coral and fhells. It had
a chapel dedicated to St. Marnoc, the
ruins of which are flill to be feen.
Inpia, an.extenfive region in Afia,
which lies between 66 and 93° £ lon.
and 7 and 45° N lat. Under this name,
the Europeans have ineluded all the
countries which lie s of Tartary, and
extend from the eaftern frontiers of Perfia
to the eaftern coafts ef China. But
the name of India can be applied, with
propriety, te that ceuntry only, which
is diftinguithed both in Afia and Europe,
by the name of Hindooftan. The coun.
tries to the B of the river Burampooter
(namely, Aracan, Affam, Ava, Burmah,
Cambodia, Cochin-China, Laos, Ma.
Jacca, Pegu, Siam, and Tonquin) which
eographers have hitherto diftinguithed
y the name of the Peninfula of India be-
yond the Gange’, are no more to be. cen-
idered as belonging to India, than the
bordering countries of Perfia, Tartary,
and Thibet. See HinpoosTtan.
Inpigs, East, the name given by
Europeans to a great «number of iflands
in the Indian Ocean, extending from the
peninfula of Hindooftan as far £ as New
uinea, and from the hay. of Bengal and
the China Sea .as far s as New Holland.
The, mo weftern of them, are the Maldi-
ves, and the moft eaftern the Molluccas;
IN D
between which are feveral very large:
ones, as Ceylon, Sumatra, Nine, Restos,
and Celebes, befide many others of con-
fiderable importance as to riches, though
much inferior in extent. eir produce
and other particulars, are defcribed under
their feveral heads,
Inpies, West, the name given to 2
great number of iflands in the Atlantic
Ocean, which extend acrofa the entrance
of the gulf of Mexico, from the Nw
extremity of the Bahama iflands, off the
coaft of Florida, in lat. 27 45 N, in a
SB direction, to the ifland of Tobago,
t2a miles from the coatt of Torra Firma,
in lat. 11 30 N. Cuba is the mott
weftern, and Barbadoes the moft eaftern
of thefe iflands. When Columbus dif-
covered them in 14.92, he confidered them
as ere of thofe vaft regions in Afia, com-
rehended under the general name of
ndia, to reach which, by a w courfe
acrofs the Atlantic Ocean, had been the
grand object of his voyage; and this
opinion was. fo general, that Ferdinand
and Ifabella, king and queen of Caftile,
in theiy ratificatiom of an agreement,
granted to Columbus, upon his‘ return,
gave them the name of Indies. Even
after the error which gave rife to this
Opinion was dete&ed, and the true po-
fition of the New World was afcer-
tained, the name has remained, and the
ape ies of the Weft Indies is given by
all the people of Europe to thefe lands,
and that of Indians to the inhabitants,
not only of thefe iflands, but of the
continent of America. They are like-
wife called the Caribbee Hflands, from
the aborigines of the country; and the
fea in which they lie is called, the
Carribbean Sea. By the French, they
ave called the Antilles; and nautica!
men diftiaguifh them, from the different
courfes taken by fhips, inté the Leeward
and Windward Iilands, which fee. The
name of Caribbee fhould’ properly be
confined to the fmaller Mands, lying be-
tween Rorto Rieo and Tobage. Thhefe
were inhabited by the Caribs, a fierce
tace of men, nowife refembling: their
timid neighbours in the larger iflands.
Columbus was a witnefg to their intrepid
valour. The fame chasaéter ghey have
maintained invariably in all fubfequent
contefts with the Europeans. The Britith
iflands are Jamaica, Barbadoes, * St.
Chriftopher,; Amticua, Anegada, Nevis,
Montferrat, Barbuda, Anguilla, Domi-
Nicia, St. Vincent, Granada, the Ba-
hama Iflands, and part “Of the Virgin
Tflands ; with, qobagey amd, and
ches, though
“heir produce
efcribed under
me given to 2
. the Atlantic
s the entrance
from the NW
lands, off the
745 N,ina
1 of Tobago,,
Torra Firma,
. is the mott
e moft eaftern
Columbus dif-
onfidered them
3in Afia, com-
eral name of
yaw courfe
“had been the
age; and this
that Ferdinand
seen of Caftile,
an agreement,
yon his’ return,
Indies. Ever
ie rife to this
d the true po-
rid was afcer-
pained, and tle
dies is given by
o thefe lands,
he inhabitants,
s, but of the
hey are like-
Hflands, from
ntry; and the
is called, the
French, they
and nautical
the different
@ the Leeward
hich fee. The
“properly be
ands, lying be-
obago. Thee
bribs, a fierce
{embling: their
larger iflands.
o their intrepid
fer they have
all {ubfequent
. TheBritith
arbadoes, * St.
¢gada, Nevis,
guilla, Domi-
pada, the Ba
oF the Virgin
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AUTHORITIES
dames Pann 2 —-———__-—-
Longitude
al
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Mf pAILLIPPINE yee Oe
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IMOLA, }
Romagna,
the Santernt'
rence. Lon)
INCHCOL|
Forth, near
the coynty ¢;
oe runs of),
Alexand
for his efca 7
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INCHKER|
Edinburghd
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and 7 and 4!
the Europ(,
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the name q
bor
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bordering
and Thikel
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Longitude Wet from London ¢ N05
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IND
St. Lucia, conquered from the French,
the firft in 1793, and the other two in
1794 Cuba, Porto Rico, Trinidad,
and Margarita, belong te the Spaniards,
who have the eaftern part of Hifpaniola.
The French have Guadaloupe, iatiga:
lante, Defeada, and the weftern part of
Hilpaniola, fome places of which laft,
however, have provifionally fubmitted to
the Englith. ‘The Dutch have St. Eu-
ftatia, Wuracgao, Saba, and St. Martin;
the, Danes, St. Thomas, St. Croix, and
part of the Virgin Iflands; and the
Swedes, St. Bartholomew.
InpiaNs of NortH and Sovru
AMERICA, the original natives of thede
two vaft continents; of whom it is ob-
fervable, that there is a natural diftinion
between the inhabitants cf the temperate
zones and thofe of the torrid; and that
accordingly, they may be divided into two
great clafles. the one comprehends all
the N Americans, from the river St.
Lawrence to the gulf of Mexico, together
with the people of Chili, and a few {mall
tribes toward the extremity of the fouthern
continent. To the other belong all the
inhabitants of the iflands, and thofe fettled
in the provinces, which extend from the
“ifthmus of Darien almoft to the fouthern
confines of Brafil, along the g fide of the
Andes. In the former, which compre-
hends all the regions of the temperate
zone in America, that are inhabited,
the human fpecies appears maaifeftly to
be more avfath The natives are more
robutt, active, intelligent, and courageous ;
and have defended their liberty with per-
fevering fortitude againft the Europeans,
who fubdued the other rude nations of
America with the greateft eafe. The
natives of the temperate zone are the
only people in the new world who are
indebted for their freedom to their own
valour. The N Americans, though long
encompafled by three formidable Euro-
pean powers, retain part of their original
pofletlions. The people of Chili, though
early invaded, ftill maintain a gallant
conteft with the Spaniards, and have fet
bounds to their encroachments; whereas,
in the warmer regions, men are more
feeble in their frame, lefs vigorous in the
efforts of their mind, of a gentle but
dattardly {pirit, more enflaved by plea-
fure, and more funk in indolence. Ac-
cordingly, it is in the torrid zone that
the Europeans have moft effectually efta-
blithed theit domjnion over America;
and, if feveral tribes there {till enjoy in-
dependence, it is either becaufe they have
never been attacked by an enemy already
.
IND
fatiated with conqueft, and pofféffed of
larger territories than he was able to
occupy, or becaufe they have been faved
from oppreffion by cheir remote and in-
acceffible fituation. This diftinétion,
however, although fo confpicuous, is not
univerfal. Of the manners of the N
American Indians, a general idea may
be formed, by an account of thofe who
inhabit the countries to the E£ of the
Milhiifippi. Thefe confit of 28 different
nations; the principal of which are
the Cherokees, Chickafaws, Choctaws,
Creeks, Delawares, the fix Nations, the
Shawane(le, Hurons, Illinois, &c. Allow-
ing about 700 to a nation or tribe, they
wall contain, in all, 20,000 fouls, and
may furnifh between 4 and 5000 war-
riors. Thefe Indians take a great dea]
of pains to darken their pte ey by
anointing themfelves with greafe, and
ying inthe fun. They alfo paint theic
ace, breaft, and fhoulders, of various
colours, but generally red; and in many
parts of their bodies they prick in gun-
powder in very pretty figures. Their
features are well formed, efpecially thofe
of the women. They are of a middle
ftature, their limbs clean and ftraight,
and fcarcely any crooked or deformed
perfon is to be found among them. ‘They
fhave, or pluck the hair off their heads,
except a patch about the crown, which js
ornamented with beautiful feathers, beads,
wampum, and fuch like baubles. Their
ears are bored, and ftretched by a thong
down to their fhoulders. t hey are
wound round with wire to expand them,
and adorned with filver pendants, rings,
and bells, which they likewife wear in
their nofes. Some of them will have a
large feather through the cartilage of the
note; and thofe who can afford it, wear a
collar of wampum, a filver breaftplate,
and bracelets on the arms and wrifts, A
bit of cloth about the middle, a thirt af
the Englith make, on which they beftow
innumerable ftitches to adorn it, a fort of
cloth boots and mockafons, which are thoes
of a make peculiar to the Indians, orna-
mented with porcupine quills, with a
blanket thrown over all, complete their
drefs at home; but when the to war,
they leave their trinkets behind. There
is little difference between the drefs
of the men and women, excepting that a
fhort petticoat, and the hair, which is ex-
ceedingly black and lang, and clubbed be-
hind, diftinguifh fome of the latter.
Their warlike arms are guns, bows
and arrows, darts, fcalping knives, and
tomahawks: the ne is one of their
3
IND
fhoft ufeful pieces’ of field-furniture, ferv-
ing all the offices of the hatchet, pipe, and
fword. The# are exceedingly expert in
throwing it, and will kill at a confiderable
diftance. ~ The world has no ‘better
mark{fmen with any weapon. They will
kill birds flying, fifhes {wimming, and
wild beafts running. They are not fo ig-
‘norant as fome fuppofe them, but are a
very ‘intelligent people, quick. of appre-
henfion, fudden in execution, fubtle in
bufinefs, exquifite in invention, and induf-
trious in aftion. They are of a very
gentle and amiable difpofition to thote
they think their friends, but as implacable
in their enmity; their revenge being
completed only by the entire deftruétion
Of their enemies. ‘They are very hardy,
bearing heat, cold, hunger, and thirft, in
a furprifing manner; and yet no people
are more addicted to excels in eating
and drinking, when ‘it is in - their
‘power. ' The follies, nay mifchicf, they
commit, when inebriated, are entirely laid
to the liquor; and no one will revenge
‘any’ injary (murder excepted) received
from one who is no more himfelf.. Among
the Indians all men are equal, perfonal
qualities being moft etteemed. No dittinc-
‘tion of birth, or rank, renders any man
‘capable of doing prejudice to the rights of
‘private perfons ; and there is no pre-emi-
‘nence ‘from merit, which begets pride,
‘and which makes others ‘too fenfible of
‘their own inferiority. Their public
éonferences. fhow them to b> men of
genitis; and they have, in a high de-
‘gree, the talent of natural eloquence.
‘Fhey live difpérfed in villages, ‘either
in’ the woods, or’ on the banks of
rivers, where they have little plantations
‘Of Indian corn, and roots, not enough to
fipply their families half the year; and
they fubhitt, the remainder of jt,by hunting,
fithing, and fowling, and the fruits of the
eatth, which grow ipontancoufly in great
plenty. Their huts are generally built of
fmall logs, and covered with bark, each
having a chimney, and a door, on which
they ‘place a padlock. One of their
towns, called ‘Old Chelicothe, is built in
the form of a parallelo ram; and fome of
their houfes are dhinglad . A Jong council-
houfe extends the whole length of the
town, where the king and chiefs of the
nation frequently meet, and confult on all
matters of importance, whether of a civil
or military nature, Some huts are built by
fetting up a frame on forks, and’ placing
bark againft it; others of reeds; and fur-
Younded with clay. The fire is in the
tniddle of the wigwam, and the fmoke
IND.
‘paffes through “a little hole. They join
reeds together, by cords run through
‘them, which ferve them for tables and
‘beds. “They moftly lie upon fkins of wild
‘beafts, arid fit on the ground. They have
brafs kettles and pots to boil their food.
Gourds or calabafhes, cut afunder, ferve
them for pails, cups, and difhes. The ac-
counts af travellers, concerning their re-
ligion, are various; and although it can-
not be abfolutely affirmed that they have
none, yet it mutt be confeffed very diffi-
cult to define what it is. All agree ‘that
they acknowledge one Supreme God, but
do not adore him. They have not feen
him, they do not know him, believing him
to be too far exalted above them, and too
happy in himfelf to be concerned about
the trifling affairs of poor mortals. They
feem alfo to believe in a future ftate, and
‘that after death they fhall be removed ta
‘their friends, who have gone before them,
to an elyfium, ‘or paradife. The Wyan-
dotts, near Detroit, and fome others, have
‘the Roman catholic religion introduced
among them by miffionaries. Thefe have
a church, a minifter, and a regular bury-
‘ing-proutid. Many of them appear zea-
lous, and fay prayers in their families.
Thee, by their acquaintance with white
peopl:, are a little civilized, which muft
ot neceffity precede Chriftianity. The
Shawanefe, Cherokees, Chickafaws, and
fome others, are little concerned about
‘religion. ‘Otkers continue their former
fuperftitious worfhip of the object: of
their love and fear, and efpecially thofe
beings whom they moft dread; though,
at the fame time, it is allowed the
pray to the fun, and other inferior be-~
nevolent deities, for fuccefs in their un-
dertakings, for plenty of food, and other
neceflaries of life. They have their fefti-
vals, and other rejoicing-days, on which
they fing and dance in a ring, taking
hands, haiti fo painted and difguifed
themfelves, that it is difficult to know any
of them; and after enjoying this diver-
fion for a while, they retire to the place
where they have prepared a féaft of fith,
flefh, fowl, and fruit; to which all are
invited, and entertained with their country
fongs. They believe that there is great
virtue in feafts for the fick, For this
purpofe, a young buck mnt be killed
and boiled, thd fiends and near neigh-
bour's of the patient invited; and havin
firft thrown tobacco on the fite, and co-
‘vered it up clofe, they all fit down in a
ring, ahd raife a lamentable ery. They
then uncover the fire and kindle it; and
the head.of the buck is firft fent about,
ca
ee a eee a Ae SL bey ae a Pe > he
hey join
hrough
es and
of wild
y have
food.
» ferve
Ihe ac.
leir re-
it can-
y have
y diffi-
ee that
bd, but
ot feen
ng him
and too
about
They
e, and
ved ta
them,
yan-
s, have
joduced
fe have
r bury-
lar zeg-
milies,
1 white
muft
The
S$, and
about
former
ce of
+ thofe
1ough,
the
or be.
ir un-
| other:
> fefti-
which
aking
ruifed
w an
liver
place
F fith,
ll are
untry
reat
P his
killed
eigh-
VIN
d File
fe a
T
andl
0ut,
YN D
every one taking a bit, and giving a loud
croak, in imitation of crows. They after-
ward proceed to eat all the buck, making
¢ moft harmonious, melancholy fong; in
Which ftrain their mufic is particularly ex-
cellent. “As they approach their towns,
when 'fome of their people are loft in war,
they make great lamentations for ‘their
dead, and bear them long after in remem-
brance. Some nations abhor adultery, do
not approve of a puvaney of wives, and
are not guilty of theft; but there are
other’tribes. that are not fo {crupulous.
Among the Chickafaws,a hufband may cut
off the nofe of his wife, if guilty of adul-
tery ;,but men.are allowed greater liberty.
This nation defpifes a thief.” Among the
Cherokees they cut’ off the nofe and ears
of an adultre{s; afterward her hufband
gives her a difcharge; and from this time
fhe is not permitted to refufe any one_
who prefents himfelf. - Fornication is un-
noticed; for they allow perfons in a fingle
{tate unbounded freedom. Their form of
marriage is fhort: the man, before wit-
neffes, gives the bride a deer’s foot, and
fhe, in return, prefents him with an ear of
corn, as emblems of their feveral du*
ties. ‘The women are very flaves to the
men; which is a common cafe in rude,
unpolifhed nations, throughout the world.
Their king has no power to put any
one ‘to death ‘by his own authority ;
but the murderer is ‘generally delivered,
up to the friends ‘of the deceafed,
‘to do as they pleafe. When one kills
another, his friend kills him, and fo they
continue until much blood is fhed; and at
laft the quarrel is ended by mutual pre-
fents.. Their kings are hereditary, but
their authority extremely limited. No
people are a more ftriking evidence of the
miferies of mankind in the want of govern-.
ment than they. Every chief, when of-
fended, breaks off with a party, fettles at
fome diftance, and then commences hofti-
lities againft his own people. They are
generally at war with each other. When
they take captives in war, they are ex-
ceedinly cruel, treating the vnhapp
prifoners in fuch a manner, that deat
would be preferable to life. They load
them with burdens, and when they arrive
at their towns they muft run the gauntlet.
In this, the favages exercife fo much cru-
elty, that one would think it impoffible
they thould furvive their fufferings. Ma-
ny are killed; but if one outlives this
trial, he is ‘adopted into a family as
a fon, and treated with paternal kind-
nefs. But fometimer heir prifoner's
ate deftined to be tc cured to death,
IND
in order to fatiate the revenge of their
conquerors. While their lot is in fuf-
penfe, the prifoners appear’ altogether
unconcerned about what may befal them:
they talk, they eat, they fleep, as if there
were no danger impending ; and when the
fatal fentence is intimated to them, they
receive it with an unaltered countenance,
raife their death-fong, and prepare to futfer
like men. The viétors aflemble as toa
folemn feftival, refolved to put the forti-
tude of the captives to the utmoft ‘proof.
A fcene enfues, the bare defcription of
which is enough to chill the heart with
horror, wherever men have been accuf-
tomed, by mild inftitutions, to refpect
their fpecies, and to melt into tendernefs
at the fight of human fufferings.’ The
prifoners are tied naked to a itake, but
fo as to be at liberty to move round
it. All prefent, men, women, and chil-
dren, fh upon them like furies: fome
burn ‘their limbs with redhot irons,
‘fome mangle their bodies with knives,
others tear their flefh from their bones,
pluck out their nails by the roots, and rend
and twift their finews ; and fuch is their
cruel ingenuity in torturing, that, by
avoiding totouch the vital parts, they often
prolong this fcene of anguifh for feveral
days. In fpite of all their fufferifigs, the
vidtins continue to chant their death-fong
with a firm voice, they boat of their’own
exploits, they infult their ‘tormentors for
their want of {kill to avenge the death of
their friends and relations, they warp
them of the vengeance that awaits them
on account of what they are now doing,
and excite their ferocity by the moft pro-
voking reproaches and threats. To dif-
play undaunted fortitude in fuch dreadful
fituations, is the nobleft triumph of a
warrior: to avoid the trial by a vo-
luntary death, or to fhrink under it,
is deemed cowardly and infamous. Ani-
mated by thefe ideas, they endure, with-
out a groan, what it feems almoft im-
poffible that human nature fhould fuftain,
Weary, at length, of contending with
men, whofe conftancy they cannot van-
quifh, fome chief, in a rage, puts a period
to their futferings, by difpatching them
with his dagger or his club, The people
of S America ‘gratify their revenge in a
manner fomewhat different, but with the
fame unrelenting rancour. Theit prifon-
ers, after meeting, at their firft entrance,
with the fame rough reception as among
the N Americans, are not only exempt
from injury; but treated with the greatelt
kindnefs. They are feafted and carefledy
and fome beautiful young women are ap~
4
i
}
at
Ps ait
ae ae
aT
PR IDET Va
IND
ointed to attend and folace them. But,
y a refinement of cruelty, while they
feem ftudious to attach their captives to
life, their doom is irrevocably fixed. On
an appointed day, the victorious tribe af-
fembles, the prifoner is brought forth with
great folemnity, he meets his fate with
undaunted firmnefs, and is difpatched by
a fingle blow. The moment he falls, the
women feize the body, and drefs it for the
feaft. They befmear their children with
the blood, in order to kindle in their bo-
foms a hatred of their enemies, and all
join in feeding upon the flefh with amaz-
ing greedinefs and exultation. Wherever
this practice prevails, captives never ef-
cape death; but they are not tortured
with the fame cruelty as among tribes
which are lefs accuftomed to fuch horrid
feafts. The Indians of S America, im-
mediately under the Spanith gover‘ament, .
-although the moft depreffed order of men
in the country which belonged to their
anceftors, are now far from being treated
with that rigour and cruelty which was laid
to the charge of the firft conquerors of that
continent. They are no longer confidered
as flaves: on the contrary, they are re-
puted as freemen, and entitled to the
privileges of. fubjeéts. A certain tri-
ute is, indeed, impofed upon them, and
certain fervices required; but ‘thefe are
all under the due regulatises of policy
and humanity. The Indians who live in
the principal towns are entirely fubjeét to
the Spaniih laws and magiftrates; but, in
their own villages, they are governed b
caziques, fome of whom are the defcend-
ants of their ancient lords; others are
named by the Spanifh viceroys. Thefe
regulate the petty affairs of the people
under them, according to maxims of —
juftice, tranfmitted to them by tradition.
To the Indians, this jurifdiftion, lodged
in fuch friendly hands, affords fome con-
folation; and fo little formidable is this
dignity to their new mafters, that they
often allow it to defcend by hereditary
right. For’ their further relief, the
Spanifh court has appointed att officer in
every diftrict, with the title of Protector
of the Indians, whofe duty is to affert
the rights of the Indians ;, to appear ‘as
their defender in the courts of jufticé ; ‘and
to fet bounds to the exactions of his coun-
trymen. A portion of the annual tribute
is deftined for, the falaries of the caziques
and protectors ; another ‘part is appropri-
ated ww the payment of their tribute in years
© famine, os when a particular diftri&t
is affii€ted by any extraordinary local cala-
tity. Provifion too is made, by various
ING
laws, that hofpitals fhould be founded in
every new fettlement, for the reception
of Indians. Such hofpitals have accord-
ingly been erected, both for the indigent
and infirm, in Lima, Cufco, and Mexico,
where the Indians are treated with ten-
dernefs and humanity. See EsqQuimaux 3
Inpies, West; PaTaGontsa; and VIN-
CENT, ST.
InDRAPORE, 2 Dutch fettlement on
the w coaft of Sumatra, in the E Indies,
160 miles NW of Bencoolen.
INDRE, 2 department of France, in-
cluding the late province of Berry. It
has its name from a river, which rifes
in this department, and pafling into that
of Indre and Luvire, falls into the Loire,
between Chinon and Saumur. Chateau
roux is the capital.
INDRE AND Lorre, a department ¢
France, including the late province o:
Touraine. Tours is the capital.
InporE, or ENDoRE, a modern city
of Hindooftan Proper, capital of a ter-
ritory in the province of Malwa, fubjeét
to one of the Poonah Mahratta chiefs.
It is 30 miles s of Ougein. Lon. 76 5 Ey
lat. 24 31 N.
Inpus, a great river of Hindooftan
Proper, called by the natives Sinde or
Sindeh. It is formed of about ten principal
ftreams, which defcend from the Perfian
and Tartarian mountains. From the
city of Attock to Moultan, or to the
conflux of the Chunaub, it is commonly
named the river of Attock. Below the
city of Moultan, it proceeds in a sw
direction, through the province of that
name, and that of Sindy, and enters the
Arabian Sea, by feveral mouths, Nw of
the gulf of Cutch.‘** * :
INGLESHEIM, a town of Germany, in
the palatinate of the Rhine, remarkable
for having been the refidence of the em-
perors, It is feated on the river Salva, on
an eminence, five miles sw of Mentz.
Lon. 815 £, lat.4g 48N. ;
INGOLSTADT, a {trong town of Ba-
varia, with a famous univerfity, and a
fine church. The houfes are built of
ftone, and the ftreets are large. It was
taken by the Auftrians in 1742; and
was bombarded by. the French, but re-
lieved by the Auitrians, Sep. 31,1796.
It is feated‘on the Danube, five miles
NNE of Neuburgs and 45 N by w of
Munich. Lon. 1r108, lat. 48 46 N.:
“ INGRIA, a province of the Ruffian
empire; which now forms the govern-
ment of St. Peterfourgh. It is 130 miles
long and 50 broad.; bounded on.the.N Dy
the river Neva and the gulf of Finland,
unded in
‘eception
> accord-
indigent
Mexico,
ith ten-
IMAUX 5
ind ViIN-
nent on
Indies,
: Loire,
hateau-
nent %
ince o
rm city
a ter-
fubjeét
chiefs.
76 5 By
dooftan
inde or
incipal
Perfian
m the
to the
ING
on the E and s by the government of
Novogorod, and on the w by that of
Livonia, The czar Peter the Great
wrefted it from the Swedes, and it
was confirmed to him by the treaty of
Nyftadt in 2722. At this time, the in-
habitants of the flat country were a Fin-
nifh people, but little different from the
Fins of Cavelia as to their language and
manners. They were called I{chorki, and
Ifchortzi, from the river Ifchora, which
runs into the Neva, Ingria did ‘not retain
its ancient Swedifh privileges: on the
contrary, Peter made a prefent of one
part uf the [fchortzi to certain Ruffian
nobles; who, on their fide, were obliged
to people the le{s-cultivated cantons of In-
gria, with colonies of Ruffians from their
eftates; and thence it is, that a village
of Ruffians is often furrounded by vil-
lages of Fins. Thefe WUfchortzi have
long followed agriculture. Their econo-
my is an ill-chofen mean between that of
the Ruffians and that of the Fins. They
affemble in fmall villages, of five or ten
farms each; and live miferably in fmall
dirty huts. Their: inclination to idle-
nefs and drinking leads them often to fell
their ftock, and the very corn they have
faved for fowing the fields. Some of
them, however, imitate the Ruffian vil-
lagers, who are better managers, more
at their eafe, and ‘1 better circumftances.
The Ingrians are a ftupid, fufpicious,
thievith race, and dangerous from their
hlegmatic and pilfering temperament.
They’ refemble the gypfies, are vaga-
bonds ‘like them, calculate ‘nativities,
and tell fortunes. The drefs of the men
is exactly like that of the Fin boors; but
the habit of the women betrays a vanity,
which, confidering the poverty of this peo-
ple, and the tyranny which their hufbands
and fathers exercife over them, .may pats
for luxury. The lower part of their drefs
refembles that of the Fin country women.
Their thift reaches down to their knees,has
a neck and clofe wriftbands, both of them
pinked or wrought: the body and fleeves
are large; the latter whimfically worked,
and the body puffed with numberlefs
plaits. Inftead of a petticoat, the In-
grian women tie on two aprons: thefe
are fometimes of cloth and fometimes of
linen worked’ with different colours.
That behind is. much the wiceft, and
the fmalfer one in front is generally adorned
with glafs beads and little thells. Se-
veral ftrings of thefe beads are wore round
the neck, and fall upon the breaits. They
carry, rather than wear, heavy car-vings,
INN
w'th the addition generally of ftrings of
beads. The girls wear their hair loofe
and uncovered: the married women, on
the contrary, conceal.their hair, like the
Finnifth women, with a long piece of
linen, folded toward the middle inte
i eve of cap, eth extremities
all upon the back, and are fupported
by the irdle in fuch a Sante: tik
the whole makes a kind of. {pread . fail
over the fhoulders. When they drefs
themfelves to go to town, they commonly
put on the Ruis cap, which is ornamented
with a peak in front, is lined with fur,
and laced round the edges: with this th
wear a long gown, made of ooarfe ftuff,
and faftened down the breaft with but-
tons. Before the Ruffians conquered this
country, the Ingrians had Lutheran mi.
nifters for every canton; but numbers of
them have been fince converted. to the
Greek faith. ‘They are full of abfurd no-
tions and pagan fuperftitions, which th
mix with the ceremonijals of Chriftianity.
They carry the figures of the faints inte
the woods in proceffion, and there pay
them a formal worihip, When a man
is inclined to marry, he buys himfelf a
girl, and celebrates his nuptials. All the
way to the church Oe are accompanied
by two women in veils, who fing com-
pofitions. No fooner is the marri
ceremony performed, than the hufband
begins to treat his wife with tht utmof
feverity, and thenceforward keeps her
under itri& difcipline, though not always
with the greateft attention to juttice.
She is often beaten for the faults of the
children, and fometimes for thofe of the
fervants. The dead are buried by the
prick of the profeflion to which they
elong. Their general opinion is, that
they continue to live in the fubterranean
world in the fame manner as they did on
the furface of the earth; and that the
grave is little more than a change of
abitation: for which reafon, they bury
their money, that they may have it to
ufe in the other world.
Incusni. See Kistr.
Inn, ariver of Germany, which hag
its fource in the country of the Grifons,
at the foot of the mountain Septimer-
berg. It runs NE through Tirol, by
Infpruc, and continuing its courfe Ne
through Bavaria, paffes. by Kufstein,
Vaffeburg, Braunaw, and other towns,
and falls into the Danubc, between Paflau
and Inftzdt.
INNACONDA, a fortrefs of the Deccan
of Hindooftan, in the Guntoor Circar,
4
INV
Gute on a hil, 46 miles Nw of
Ongole, ‘and fubjeét to the nizam of the
Deccan. .
“OTNNERKEITHING, 2 village in Peeblef-
fire, on the n fide of the river Tweed ;
hear which is 4 medicinal {pring, ‘filing
into celebrity.
© VENNISKILLING, 2 town of 'Treland, in
the’ county of ‘Fermanagh, with a ftrong
rt, it being a pafs of the greateft im-
Pdrthnce from the N to the s of Ireland.
t Ynade an: obftinate defence againtft
queen Elifabeth’s pas in 1595,’ and
@¢iin' in 1689, againit James mn. It
is feated in. the middle of Lough Earne,
where that great lake is contraéted, for
about fix miles, to the breadth of an
ordinary river.” It! is 20 miles £ of
Ballythannon. Lon. 6 50 w,' Jat: 54
a
* “INNTHAL;'a_diftri& of Germany, in
the Tirol, watered by the Yiver Inn.
Enfpruciis the capital.
NOWSLADIisLOW, a town of Poland,
capital of Cujavia, with a fort, and a
‘palace where the hifhop of Cujavia refides.
¥t is 39 miles Ne of Gnefna, ‘and go‘w
‘of Watfaw. Lon. 18 50 By lat. 52
53 N.
INSPRUC, a populous town of Ger-
“wiany, in the Tirol, capital ofthe diftrié
of Innthal, with a ftrong'caftle. It was
formerly the place where the archdukes
of Auttria refided; and is feated in a plea-
‘fant va"'ey, on the river Inn, 27 miles
Nw of Brixen, and 60 s of Munich.
Lon. 11 278, Iat.'47 10 N. y aeive
“ TInstapy. “ScePassau. 9) ft 7%
» OINVERARY, a royal borough im Ar-
gylefhire, feated on the nw fide of Loch
‘Fyne. “In the “neighbourhood: of this
place is a confidera’ le iron work. Tt is
5 ‘miles Nw of sdinburgh and 45 of
Glafgow. Lon. 5 0 w, lat. 56 16 N.
INVERBERVIE. See BERVIE.
Inveresk, 2 village in Edinburgh-
‘fhire, fituate on the £ fide of the mouth
of the river Efk, on'the frith of Forth.
In 1783, the fuhterraneous remains of a
Roman hypocauft, or hot bath, were dif-
covered here. :
” ‘ENVERKEITHING, 2 boroygh in Fife-
shire, fituate in a beantiful bay of the
‘drith of Forth: ‘It has a confderable
trade in coal and other articles; and is
18 miles NW of Edinburgh. Lon. 3 25
w, lat. 57 ONC OU”
INVERNESS, 2 royal borough of Scot-
land, capital of a county of the fame tame,
‘fitwate on the s bank of the river Nets,
and overlooking ‘the ‘frith of Murray.
It has a iafe and convenient harbour,
‘Don, ‘jaf ;
river called UricWater. It ‘is 15 miles.
JOH
and a good deal of fhipping. Scveral
large buildings have been erected on the
N fide of the town, in which,a confiderable
manufacture of ropes and canvas is ¢ar~
ried on. On. an eminence above the
town are the ruins of the, old caftle, de-
molithed by the rebels th 1746 5 and aver
the ‘NefS is‘a’ bridge of {even arches.
The falmon fifhery in this river is very
confiderable, Near this town, on the
wide heath, called Culloden Muir, the
duke of’ Cumberland gained a decifive
vigtory over the rebels in 1746. To the
W of this town is the remarkable yitrified
fort called Craig Phadrick; the ftanes,
compofing its walls, appear to have been
partly melted by fire. Invernels is’ 50
miles NE'of Fort William, and 106 N of
‘Edinburgh. Loh. 4 19 w, lat. 57 34.N.
INVERNESS-SHIRE, the fmodft exten-
five county of Scotland, bounded on the
N'by Rofsthire; on the E by the counties
of Nairne, Murray, and Aberdeen ; on
the s by thofe of Perth and Argyle, and.
on the w by the channel called the Minh.
Its extent, from Nn tos, is s0 miles, and
from £ to w, 80. The N part is moun-
tainous and barren. ‘The s part of the
thire is alfo ‘vary mountainous, and is
‘fuppofed to be the moft elevated ground
in Scotland, This county has feveral
confiderable Jakes: being divided, in a
‘manner, into two equal parts, by Loch
Nefs, Loch Oich, Loch Lochy, and Loch
Eil; all which might, be united by a canal,
that Svould form a communication be-
‘tween thé two’ feas! “Phe extenfive plains
which furround the lakes, are, in general,
fertile; and the high grounds feed many
fieep and black-tattle, the rearing and
felling of which is thé chief trade of the
inhabitants. Limeftone, iron-ore, and
fomeé traces of different minerals have
been found in this county, with beauti-
ful rock cryftals of various tints; but no
mines have been worked hitherto with
much fuccefs. The principal river is
the Spey ; but there are others of inferior
note, as the Nefs, Fyers, Glafs, Lochy,
‘€cc. The common.people in the high
‘parts of the country, and on the weftern
fhore, {peak Gaelic; but the people of
fafhion in Inivernefs, and its neighbous-
hood, ufe the Engtifh language, and pro-
nounce it with propriety. . :
INVERURY, 1 botdngh in Aberdeen-
fhire, fituate on the fertile banks of the
above its confitienée with the
nw of Aberdeen.’
JOANNA.’ See HINZUAM. ° — -
JOHANNESBURG, a towuc! Eaftere
eee ee ane ee Oe ee
i
}
]
be cs
Scveral
on the
iderable
y is éar-
ove the
tle, de-
ind aver
arches.
is ve
on te
lir, the
decifive
To the
vitrified
_ ftones,
ve been
3 iS 50
06 N of
7 34N.
exten-
on the
ounties
en; on
le, and.
Minth.
es, and
inoun-
of the
and is
gtound
feveral
|, in a
r Loch
1 Loch
canal,
ion _be-
plains
eneral,
man
g. and
of the
Pp, and
‘have
eauti-
Dut no
with
er is
ferior
ochy,
high
eftern
le of
bour-
1 pro-
‘deen-
f the
h the
miles
tera
JON
Pruffia, with a citadel, feated on the river
Pych, near the lake Spirding, 95 miles
sz of Koningfberg. | Lon. 22 39 £, lat.
s336N 8 :
. JoHN-0-Groat’s Hovse, the te-
mains of a’ noted houfe, reckoned the
molt northerly dwelling in’ Scotland, and
fituate on Dungfbay Head, which forins
the NE point of Great Britain.
Joun’s Sr. ote of the Philippine ifl-
ands, £ Of Mindanao. Lon. 126 32 5,
Jat. 9 30 N.'
Joun’s, Str. an ifland of N America,
in the bay of St. Lawrence, having New
Brunfvvick on the w, and Cape Breton on
the E. It was taken by the Englifh in
1758. wie
Joun’s, Sr. a-river of N America,
in New Brunfwick, which, running from
N to 8, enters the bay. of Fundy, at the
city of St. John’s. —
Joun’s St. a'city of N America, in
New Brunfwick, ‘formerly called Parr
Town. It is fituate at the mouth of the
river St. John’s, in the bay of Fundy.
Lon. 65 15 W, lat.45 12 Ne
Joun’s, St. a town on the Eifide of
the ifland of Newfoundland. It° has’ a
good harbour, entirely landlocked, and
defended ‘by feveral forts, in one of which
the governor of the ifland refides: Lon.
$2 21 W, lat. 47 32 N.
Joun’s, Sr. the capital of Antipua.
It is one of the moft reguldr towns in the
W Indies, and has the moft commodious
harbour in the Leeward Iflands: Lon. 62
4W, lat.a7 4N. | .
JoHNQUERA, a town of Spain, in Ca-
talonia, feated at the foot of the Pyrenees,
zo miles s of Perpignan.’ ‘
Jouore, Jor, or Inor, a town of
Malacca, in Afia. It was deftroyed by
tne Portuguefe in 1603, but has been re-
built, and is in the poffetfion of the Dutch.
Lon. 93 55 8, lat. 1 15 N.
Joicny, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Yonne and late province of
Burgundy. Its red wines, though not of
the firit quality, have a great demand.
Here is a caftle, which would be a mag-
nificent one, where it finifhed. Itis feated
on the Yonne, 17 miles ssz of Sens. Lon.
3 36 #, lat. 8 oN.
JOINViLLE, an ancient town of France,
in the department cf Upper Marne and
late province of Champagne, with a large
magnificent caftle. It is feated on the
Marne, 25 miles sw of Bar-le-Duc, and
125 SE of Paris. Lon. 5 20 £, lat. 48
20 N. .
Iona, See ICOLMKILL.
JONKIOPING; a town of Sweden, ca-
IPS
pital of the province of Smoland, and
feat of the parliament, or {uperior conrt
of jultice for Gothland. ‘The houfes are
chiefly of wood, ‘covered with turf or
mof{s; no thatching being ufed, as both
too dear, and too dangerous in caie of fire.
In order to keep out the rain, large layers
of birch bark are fpread over the timber-
work of the roof, under the covering of
turf or mofs. Thefe turf roofs make’a
fingular appearance, many cf them pro-
ducing herbage, which is occafionally cut
for the ufe of the cattle; ancf d few are
ornamented with flowers. "The town is
feated on the s fide of Lake Wetter, with
a ftrong citadel, 50 miles nw of Calmar.
Lon. 14 46 E, lat. 57 12 N.,
JORDAN, a river of Palcftine, which
rifes in Mount Libanus, and runs trom
N to s, forming two lakes, the one for-
merly called the fea of Galilee, or the
lake of ‘Tiberias, and the other, the Deafl
Sea.
JOssELIN, a town of France,‘in the
department of Mcrbihan and late pros
vince of Bretagne, 2§ miles NE of Van-
‘nes. Lon, 2 23 w, lat. 48 ON.
JouareE, atown of France, in the de-
partment of Seine and Marne and late pro-
vince of the Ifle of France, with a late
magnificent Benedictine abbey, 10 miles
SE of Meaux, and 35 £ of Paris,6
Joup, See Jenup. ae pe
Joux, WAtLey ann Lace Gr. See
Jura, Mount. c
Joyveusr, a.town of France, in ‘the
department of Ayrdeche and late province
of Dauphiny, feated on the Baune, 27
miles sw of Privas.
IpsaLta, a town of Turkey in En-
rope, with a Greek archbifhop's fee.
Near it are mines of alum. It is feated
on the Lariffa, 20 miles 5w of Trajano-
poli, and 118 w of Conftantinople. Lon.
26 10 £, lat. 40 57 N. .
Ipsera, a {mall ifland in the Archi-'
pelago, in the form of a heart, 15 miles
NW of the ifland of Scio. To the w,
is another fmall ifland, called Anti-Ip-
fera.
Tpswicu, a borough and feaport in
Suffolk, with a market on Wednefday,
‘Friday, and Saturday.: It is a place of
great antiquity, and was once furrounded
by a wall, traces of which are yet to be
feen. “Tt contains 12 parifh churches, a
‘guildhall, two hofpitals, a freefchool, and
a cuftomhorfe, with a good quay. It is
‘populous and well-inhabitéd, though ir-
regularly built ; but it has declined from
its former coniequence. Its manufac-
tures of broad cloth and canvas are at an
IRE
end; and its prefent commerce chiefly
depends upon the malting and exporta-
tion of corn. It has a confiderable coalt-
ing trade, a fmall hare of foreign com-
merce, and fends fhips to Gicenland.
Veffels of large burden are obliged to
ftop at fome diitance below the town. It
is noted for being the birthplace of car-
dinal Wolfey; and is feated on the Or-
well, 26 miles sz of Bury St. Edmunds,
and 69 Nw ot London. Lon. 1 16 £,
dat. 52 3 .N.
Trac-ArasraA, or BABYLONIAN-
Brac (the ancient Chaldea) a province
of Turkey in Afia; bounded on the w
by the defert of Arabia, on the N by
‘Curdiftan and Diarbeck, on the £ by Irac-
Agemi and Kufiftan, and on the s by the
gulf of Perfia. It is watered by the Eu-
phrates and Tigris; and is almoft all un-
der the dominion of the Turks. Bagdad
is the capital.
Trac-AGEmMY, or Persian-IRAc, a
ovince of Perfia; bounded on the w
y Irac-Arabia and Kufiftan, on the Nn
by Aderbeiftan and Ghilan, on the E by
Couheltan, and on the s by Farfiftan.
Ufpahan is the capital.
IrEBY, a town in Cumberland, with
a market on Thurfday. It is feated in
a valley, at the fource of the river Ellan ;
and many Roman antiquities have been
dug up here. It is 10 miles NE of
Cockermouth, and 299 wnw of London.
Lon. 3 18 w, lat. 54 50N.
IREKEN, JERKIN, or YARKAN, a rich
and populous town of Tartary, the ca-
pital of Bocharia, with a caftle. It is
the ftaple town of all the trade carried on
between India and the n part of Afia,
The Kalmucks are matters of it; and
never difturb any one on account of their
religion. It is eight miles N of Cafhgur.
Lon. 73 25 E, lat. 42 40 N.
IRELAND, one of the Britith iflands,
lying to the w of that of Great Britain.
It is bounded on the E by St. George's
Channel and the Irith Sea, which feparate
it frony England and Wales; on the Ne
by a channel, called the North Channel,
34 miles broad, which feparates it from
Scotland ; arid on every other_fide by the
ocean. It is 278 miles in length, and
%55 in breadth. It is divided mto four
proving namely, Ulfter to the N, Lein-
er to the &, Munfter to the s, and Con-
naught to the w; and thefe are fubdi-
vided into counties, The air is mild and
temperate, but more humid than in Eng-
fand. In general, it is a level country,
well watered with lakes and rivers ; and
the foil, in moft parts, is very good and
IRE
fertile: even in thofe places, where the
bogs and morafles have been drained,
there is good meadow SHUN. It pro-
duces corn, hemp, flax, in great
plenty; and there are fo many cattle, that
their beef and butter, are Seportes into
foreign parts; and not only the Englith,
but other thips, frequently. come to be
vilualled here. The other commodities
are, hides, wool, tallow, wood, falt, ho-
ney, and wax. The principal manufac-
ture of .reland is fine linen cloth, which
is brought to great: perfection, and the
trade in it is vaftly incregfed. _ This
country is well fituate for foreign trade,
on account of its many fecure and com-
modious harbours. The laws differ but
little from thofe of England ; and the
eftablithed religion is the fame. The
members of parliament ufually fat for
life, unlefs upon the demife of the king ;
but, in 1768, the parliaments were made
oétennial. Formerly, this kingdom was
entirely fubordinate to that of Great
Britain, whofe parliament cowld make
Jaws to bind the people of Ireland; and
an appeal might be made from their
courts of juftice to the houfe of lords in
England; but, in 1782, it was declare.
that although Ireland was an imper’
crown, infeparably annexed to that
Great Britain (on which connexion we
intereft of both nations effentially de-
pended) yet. the kingdom of Irciand was
diftingt, with a parliament of its own,
and that no body gf men were competent
to make laws for Ireland, except the king,
lords, and commons thereof. And, fome
time after, this declaration being thought
infufficient, the Britith legiflature, by an
exprefs aét af parliament for that pur-
pofe, relinquifhed all claim of right to in-
terfere with the judgmeat of the Irith
courts, or to make laws to bind Ireland
in time to come. The lore, lieutenant of
Ireland, as well as the council, are ap-
ointed, from time te time, by the king.
here are a great number of Roman ca-
tholics in this country, whofe religion is
tolerated, and to whom, in 1793, the
irith legiflature granted many. important
conceflion. The common people - were
fo poor, and it was fo hard for them to
get a livelihood, .that they, frequently
went into other countries .to feek ‘their
fortunes; and,’ particularly, great num-
bers went over to the plantations in Ame-
rica. That part of the inhabitants, cal-
led the Wild Irith, were formerly as fa-
vage as the native Americans; and, like
them, lived in huts, making a fire in the
middle of them; but it is to be hoped,
ir
L
Qe rwewr = 8s] Mec WE SB “I
rhere the
drained,
It pro-
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tle, that
ted into
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e to be
modities
‘alt, ho-
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and the
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nd com-
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fat for
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re made
lom was
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n their
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eclared
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i base
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ht pur-
Ch)
IR W
at all the rude and barbarous cuftoms,
as well as every other trace of wretched-
nefs and degradation, will vanifh in time,
fince the emancipation of the country has
removed the ancient reftri€tions on their
commerce and manutaétures. Ireland
contains 32 counties, four archbithoprics,
and 18 bifhoprics. Its principal rivers
are, the Shannon, Boyne, Liffey, Sure,
Blackwater, and Lee. Dublin is the
capital.
IRELAND, New. See BriTain, New.
IrkuTZK, the largeit and leaft popu-
lous government of Ruffia, comprifing all
the £ part of Siberia, from the Northern
Ocean to the frontiers of Chinefe Tar-
tary, and from the boundaries of the go-
vernment of Tobolfk to the Eaftern Ocean,
This large territory was gradually con-
qpered and appropriated by the Ruflians
in their defultory excurfions from To-
bolik. It is divided into the four pro-
vinces of Irkutzk, Nerthhiuék, Yakuttk,
and Okattk.
Iron-acton, a village in Gloucef-
terfhire, at the conflux of the Staure and
Laden, which form the river Frome,
three miles from Briftol, Much iron
has formerly been dug up, and many iron
works and great heaps of cinders are to
be feen here.
IRROMANGO, an ifland, one of the
New Hebrides, in the S Pacific Ocean.
Lon. 169 20 £, lat. 18 48 s.
IRRONAM, one of the New Hebrides,
in the S Pacific Ocean, near Tanna.
Lon. 170 26 £, lat. tg 31 S.
IrTysu, a large river in Siberia, which
running from the s to NE falls into the
Oby, near Tobolfk. The nw fhore is
low paiture ground ; on the other fide,
are a prodigious number of black bears,
wolves, red and y foxes, and gray
fquirrels. This river abounds with fith,
particularly fturgeons and delicate ial-
mons,
Irvine, or Irwin, a river of Scot-
dand, in Ayrfhire, which defcending from
the mountains on the k, paffes by Derval,
Ne-vmills, Galfton, and Riccarton, and
falls into the frith of Clyde, at the town
of Irvine.
rds or IRwin, a royal borough
and fea in Ayrthire, feated at t
mouth rea river ake fame name, on
the frith of Clyde, 25 miles & of the
ifle of Arran, and 60 w by S of Edin-
burgh. Its chief. trade is the exporting
of coal to Ireland. Lon. 2 41 w, lat.
$5 _38N.
IRWELL, 2 river in Lancafhire, which
tifes above Bolton, flows thence to Man.
IS!
chefter, and falls into the Merfey, below
Flixton. See CANAL, Duxe of Bripce-
WATER'S.
ISABELLA, Fort, a fort of Auftrian
Flanders, feated on the w fide of the
Scheld, oppofite Antwerp. There is an-
other fort of the fame name, two miles
sw of Sluys, in Dutch Flanders.
_ Iscuta, an ifland of Naples, 15 miles
in circuit, lying three miles off the coaft
of ‘Terra-di-Lavora. It is full of agree-
able vallies, which produce excellent
fruits; mountains, on which grow vines
of an exquifite kind; rivers, and fine
gardens.
_, ISCHIA, a city of Naples, capital of an
ifland of the fame name, with a bithop’s
fee, and a ftrong fort. Both the city and
fortrefs ftand upon a rock, which is
joined to the ifland by a bridge: the
rock is about feven furlongs in circum-
ference. The city is like a pyramid of
nh piled on upon another, which
makes a very fingular appearance.
the end of the bridge, next the city, =
iron gates, which open into a {ubterra-
nean paflage, through which they enter
the city. They are always guarded b
foldiers, who are natives of the ifland.
Lon. 14 2 By lat. 40 41 N,
IsELSTEIN, @ town of the United
Provinces, in that of Utrecht, feated on
the Iffel, four miles sw of Utrecht.
IsENARTS, or EISENARTS, a town of
Germany, in Stiria, famous for its iron
mines, 30 miles NW of Gratz. Lon. 15
4 E, lat. 47 25N.
_ISENBURG, a town of Germany, ca-
pital of a county of the fame name, in the
electorate of Treves, with a caftle; feat-
ed on a river, eight miles n by E of
Coblentz. Lon. 7 34 8, lat. 50 32 N.
Iser, d river of Germany, which rifes
on the confines of Tirol and Bavaria, and
paffin BA ning and Land{chut, falls
into the Danube, between Straubing and
Paffau.
Isere, a department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of Dau.
phiny. _ It is fo named from a_ river
which rifes on the confines of Sayoy, and
falls into the Rhone, above Valence.
Grenoble is the capital,
Astenrd, atown of Naples, in Molife,
with a bifhop’s fee. It is feated at the
foot of the Apperinines, 12 miles w of
Molife, and 46 wn of Naples. Lon. 14
24 E, lat. 42 36N.
IsicNi, a feaport of France, im the
department of Calvados and late province
of Normandy, noted for its falt works,
cider, and its butter. It is 25 miles w
FSoL
By N of Bayeux, Ler. o g9 w, Jat.
20 Ne
Wine See THAMES. ;
IsLanps,. Bay or, a bay of New
Zealand, at the N extremity of the moft
Rorthern of the two iflands that go under
that name. In 1772, M. Dufrefne Ma-
rion, with two French floops, put ifto
this bay, and, with 28 of his crew, was
murdered by the natives.
Isu.ay, or Iba, an ifland of Scotland,
ene of the Hebrides, to the sw of Jura.
Its greateft length is 25 miles; its breadth
38. The principal village is Bowmore,
which has a convenient harbour. The
face of the country is hilly. . Several
Mines are wrought to great advantage,
particularly iron and lead ore. Here
fikewife are copper, emery, native quick-
filver, and black-lead; with immenfe
flores of limeftone, marl, coral, and fheli-
fand, for manure. Much corn and flax is
raifed here, and a great number of cattle
exported. In this, and fome of the neigh-
bouring iflands, multitudes of adders in-
feft the heath. On tie Nw fide of the
ifland is the cave of Sanegmore, which is
a grotto, divided into a number of far-
winding paflages, fometimes opening into
fine expanfes ; again clofing, for a long
fpace, into galleries, and forming a cu-
rious fubterraneous labyriath. There
are alfo many other caverns, the haunts
of nunrerous wild pigeons, that lodge and
breed in them. The goats that feed
among the rocks are fo wild, that they
are obliged to be fhot like deer. Some
vettiges of antiquity are on this ifland;
particularly, the remains of a circular
dry ftone building, on the hill of Loffet,
mear the found of Iflay.
IsLE-ADAM, a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Oife and late
province of the Ifle of France, with a
caftle, feated on the Oife, 20 miles nN
‘by Wof Paris. Lon.2 13 £, lat.4g7 N.
Iste or Beevers, an ifland of N
America, in the bay of Campeachy, 17
‘miles long, and eight broad. It is
fertile, and abounds in cattle and fruits.
' Iste-Diev, a fall ifland of France,
14 miles from the coait of Poitou. It
“was valent by the Engtith in 1795, but
foon after evacuated. Lon. 2 15. w,
‘lat. 46 45 N.
~ IsLe-pE-FRANCE. See FRANCE, ISLE
OF. , eats
Isie-JOURDAIN, 2 town of France,
in the department of Gers and late pro-
‘vince of Armagnac. It is feated in an
ifland of the river Save, eight miles.» of
Lombez. Lunes 2k, late 43 405.)
ISN
Iste-Rousst, a town of Corfiea, ons
the feacoaft, 36 miles sw of Battia.
IsLi AND ViiaiNE, a department
of France, containing part of the late
province of Bretagne. Rennes is the
capital.
IsLeBEN. See E1iSLEBEN.
IsLEWORTH, a village in Middlefex,
feated on the Thames, nine miles w of
London. Near it is Sion Houfe, the
inagnificent feat of the duke of Northumn-
berland. :
IsLINGTON, a large village, mM of
London, to which it is now contiguous.
The New River is received at the sw end
of it, into a large refervoir, called the
New River Head, whence its water is
conveyed, in pipes, to all parts of the
metropolis. Near this, is a famous
{pring of Chalybeate water, called New
Tunbridge Wells; and alfo a noted place
tor pantomimes, &c. called Sadler's
Wells. To the n of the White Conduit
Houfe Tea Gardens, are the remains of
a fortification, {uppote’ to have been a
Roman camp; and on te £ fide of the
town, “s an extenfive manvfacture of
white lead.
Isuip, a town in Oxfordfhire, four ~
miles N of Oxford. It is noted for the
birth and baptifm of Edward the Con-
feflor. The chapel in which the cere-
mony was performed, ftands a little n of
the church, and is {till called the King’s
Chapel. It was entirely defecrated in
Cromwell's time, and has now a roof of
thatch. Here alifo are fome remains of
an ancient palace, faid to have been king
Ethelred’s. Iflip was given by Edward
the Confeffor to Weftminfter Abbey, te
which it till belongs.
Ismaiz, a ftrong town of Turkey in
Europe, in Beflarabia. The Rufhans
took it by ftorm, in 1790; and it is
faid, that the long fiege, and the capture,
did not coft them lefs than 26,000 men.
The brave garrifon, meritéd the higheft
honours ; but they were maffacred in cold
blood by the mercilefs Ruffians, to the
amount of 34,000 men; and the place
was abandoned to the fury of the brutal
foldiery. {mail is feated on the n-fide
of the Danube, 140 miles s by. w. of
Bender. Lon. 29 30 8, lat. 45 31 N.
Isny, an imperial town of’ Suabia,
Seated o; the Iiny, 14 miles Ne of Lin-
dau, and 62 sw of Augfburg.. Lon. 10
3B, latz47 42.N. '
Isnic, a, town of Natelia, with a
Greek archbithop’s fee. It is the ancient
Nice, famous for the firf canara! copactt
held, here in 325. ..Noshing remains of
. 3
eo ss 2
—merrcw
ha et SE
fiea, ors
ia.
artment
the late
is the
iddlefex,
les w of
fe, the
orthuin-
» N Of
tiguous.
sw end
lled the
water is
. of the
famous
ed New
ed place
Sadler's
Conduit
nains of
_ been a
2 of the
ture of
re, four ©
for the
he Con-
he cere-
tle nN of
King’s
rated in
roof of
ains of
en king
dwaird
bey, te
rkey in
Ruffians
d it is
apture,
DO men.
higheft
in cold
to the
le place
brutal
Nefide
w. of
IN.
uabia,
bf Lins
OD. 19
with 2
ant
ounc I
pins of
iss
its ancient fplendour but an aquedutt,
“The Jews. inhabit the greater part. of it 5
and it is feated in a country fertile in
corn and excellent wine, 75 miles ¢£ of
Conftantinople. Lon. 30 9 E, lat. 40
I3N.
ear a feaport,of Naples, in Cala-
bria Ulteriore,. with a bifhop’s fee, 18
miles. SE of St, Severino. Lon. 17 265,
lat. 39 2.N. ;
IsPAHAN, a celebrated city, capital
of Perfia, in the province of Irac-A.gemi,
and thought, by fome, to be the fineft
city in the Eaft. It ftands in the middle
of a plain, furrounded on all ides by
mountains at eight miles diftance, and
ona nnall river, called Sanderut, which
fupplies almoft all the houfes with water.
It is 20 miles in circumference, with weil-
built houfes and flat roofs, on which
they walk, eat, and lie, in fummer, for
the fake of the cool air. Here are a
great number of magnificent palaces ;
and that of the king is two miles and a
half in circumference. ‘There are 160
mo{ques, 1800 large caravanfaries, above
260 public baths, a prodigious number of
coffeehoufes, and very fine ftreets, in
which are canals, planted on each fide
with trees. The ftreets are not paved;
but always clean, on account of the dry-
nefs of the air: for it feldom rains or
fnows here. The inhabitants were com-
puted at above 1,000,090 ; but this king-
dom having been long diftracted by civil
war's, the principal towns are greatly de-
populated. Ifpahan has three large fub-
urbs, called Juifa, Hafenbath, and Ke-
brabath. Though at a diftance from the
fea, it carries on u great trade, peopee
of feveral nations reforting there for the
fake of traffic. It is 265 miles NE of
Buflarah, and 1400 sz of Conftantinople.
Lon. 52 558, lat. 32 25 N.
Thast be vest: a river of the
United Provinces, which branches off
from the Rhine, below Hueffen; and
running by Doefburg, Zutphen » Deventer,
and Campen, falls into the Zuider-Zee,,
IsseL, or YSSEL, LITTLE, a river
of the United Provinces, which waters
Yffelftein, Montfort, and Goda; and
falls into the Merwe, abave Rotterdam,.
IsseL, of YSSEL, OLD, a river which
rifes in’ the duchy of Clevés, and enters
the Iffel, at Doefburg, =,
Issequrgo, 2 flourifhing fettlement of
the Dutch in Guiana; ona fiver of the
fame ndme, ind ,contiguous to thot of
Detherary, It was taken by the English
in 1781, reftored by the treaty’ of peage
3783, and taken apn aR 37286,
-ET A
IssOIRE, an ancient town of France,
in the department, of Puy de Dome and
late province.of Auvergne. At Vernet;
near this town, are found amethytts,. of
a colour as-peautiful as thofe of the Eaft,
but not to hard. Ifloire is feated on the
Couze, svar the Allier, 13 miles s.of
Clermont. Lon. 3 15£, lat. 45.34 N.
IssoUDUN, a town of France, in the
department of Indre and late province. of
Berry, with a caftle. Its trade is im
wood, cattle, cloth, hats, and ftockings.
It is feated on the Theols, 17 miles sw
of Bourges, and 135 s of Paris. Lon. 2
6 £, lat. 44 57 Ne.
Is-suR-TILLE, a town of France,
in the department of Cote d’Or and late
province of Burgundy. In its vicinity
are quarries of a white ftone, which is
not affected by the froft. It is feated on
the Ignon, near the Tille, 12 miles n of
Dijon.
IsTRiA, a kind of peninfula of Italy,
lying on the Nz part of the gulf of Venice.
It is bounded by Carniola on the ng, and
on all other fides by the fea. The air is
unwholefome; but the. foil produces
plenty of wine, oil, and pafture: there
are alfo quarries of fine marble. One part
of it belongs to the Venetians, an‘ the
reft to the houfe of Auftria. Capo d'Iftria
is the capital.
IraLy, one of the fineft countries of
Europe, lying between 7 and 19° £ lon.
and 38 and 47° w lat. Onthe N and NE
it is bounded by Swifferland and Ger-
many, on the £ by the gulf of Venice,
on the s by the Mediterranean, and on
the w by that fea and France. Its figure
bears fome refemblance tg that af a boot 3
its length, from Aoufta, in Savoy, to the
utmolt yerge of Calabria, is 600 miles;
but its breadth is very unequal, in fome
places near 490 miles, in others not above
25, tis the moit celebrated country in
Europe, having been formerly the feat of
the Roman empire, and, afterward, of
that aftonifhing univerfal udurpation, the
{piritual de:yinion.of the popes. Italy is
‘divided into a great number of ftates,
which differ much in extent and impor-
tance. Between the confines of France
‘and Swifferland, on the w and_N are the
‘continental dojninions of the king of Sar-
‘dinia, namelv, Piedmont, Savay, Mont-
ferraty part © she Milanefe, and Oneglig.
“To the Ng ar. the territories of Venice,
‘which are enumerated under that. article.
‘South of thefe, are the dominions of the
emperor of Germany, namely, part of the
Milanele and the Mantuan; and s of
ele, are Madeng, Mirandola, and Rege
4
j
Dialga: ats OER i REN
€
ITA
fo, belonging to the duke of Modena.
eft of thefe are the duchies of Parina,
Placentia, and Guaftalla, whofe fovereign
is of the houfe of Bourbon. To the s of
Parma; lies the republic of Genoa; and
sz of this, thatofLucca. Hence extends,
along the coaft of the Mediterranean, the
rand duchy of Tufcany. The Eccle-
aftical State, or territory of the pope, lies
WE and E of Tufcany, between the gulf of
Wenice and the Mediterranean; and all s
of this, is the kingdom of Naples, with
its dependent iflands, of which Sicily is
the principal. The air of Italy is very
different, according to the different fitua-
tions of the countries it contains: in
thofe on the nN fide of the Pete coredy it
3s more temperate; but on the 8. it is
very warm. The air of Campagna di
Roma, and of the Ferrarefe, is taid to be
unwholefome; which is owing to the
lands not being duly cultivated, nor the
marthes drained: that of the other parts
_is generally pure, dry, and healthy. The
principal rivers are the Po, Tiber, Amo,
Adige, and Yar; and there are feveral
fine lakes, as the Maggiore, Lugano,
<<omo, Garda, Perugia, Bracciano, and
Celano. The foil, in general, is very
fertile. It produces a great variety of
wines, an the beft oil in Europe; ex-
cellent filk in abundance; corn of all
forts, but not in fuch plenty as in other
countries ; oranges, lemons, citrons, pome-
granates, almonds, raifins, fugar, figs,
peaches, apricots, pears, apples, filberts,
cheftnuts, &c. Mott of thefe fruits were
at firft imported by the Romans. from
Afia Minor, Greece, Africa, and Syria,
and were not the natural produtts of the
foil. The tender plants are fheltcred, in
winter, on the Nn fide of the Appennines ;
but on the s fide, they have no need of
that precaution. This country allo yields
good pafture, and abounds with cattle,
theep, goats, buffaloes, wild boars, mules,
and herfes. The forefts are well ttored
with game ; and the mountains have, not
only mines of iron, lead, alum, fulphur,
marble of. all forts, alabafter, jafper, por-
phyry, &c. but alfo gold and filver ; with
a great variety of aromatic herbs, trees,
fhrubs, and evergreens. Wine, oil, per-
fumes, fruits, and filks, are the principal
articles of exportation; and great fums
of money are expended by travellers in
the purchafe of piétures, curiofities, relics,
antiquities, &c. The Italians are gene. -
rally well proportioned; but of their
complexion they cannot boag. With re-
ob to drefs, they follow the fafhions of
“the countries on which they border, or to
es
JUA
which they are fubje& ; namely thofe of
France, Spain, and Germany. No country
has produced better politicians, hiftorians,
poets, muficians, painters, and fculptors ;
that is, fince the revival of the arts and
{ciences, exclufive of thofe of ancient
times. The Italians are very affable,
courteous, ingenious, fober, and ready-
witted; but extremely jealous, vindictive,
laicivious, cercmonious, and fuperftitious.
Tn their temper they feem to be -a good
medium between the French and Spani-
ards; neither fo gay and volatile as the
one, nor fo grave and folemn as the other.
Boiled inails, ferved.up with oil and pep-
per, or fried in oil, and the hinder parts
of frogs, they reckon dainty dithes.
Kites, jackdaws, hawks, and magpies,
are alfo eaten, not only by the common
people, but by the better fort, The
women afteét yellow hair, as did formerly
the Roman ladies and courtezans: they
alfa ufe paints and wathes, both for their
hands and tace. The eftablithed religion
is the Roman catholic. Their language,
a corruption of the Latin, is faid to be
fpoken in its greateft purity at Florence.
See LomBarRDy.
ITCHEN, ariver in Hants, which rifles
in the centre of the county, arid watering
Winchefter, enters the bay of Southamp-
ton, at the town of that name.
IrZEHOA, an ancient town of Lower
Saxony, in the duchy of Holftein, feated
on the Stoer, 15 miles NE of Gluckftadt,
and 30 NW of Hamburg. Lon, 9 308,
lat. 53 58 .N.
JUAN DE LA FRONTERA, ST. a town
of Chili, in the province of Chiquito,
near the lake Guanacho. ‘The territory
of this town is inhabited by 20,000 native
Americans, who are tributary to Spain.
It contains mines of gold, and a kind of
almonds that are very delicate. It is
feated at the foot of the Andes, 98 miles
NE of St. Jago. Lon. 65 55 wy, lat. 33
2558.
Juan DE Pugrto Rico, St. anifland
of the W Indies, 50 miles & of Hifpa-
niola, and ufually called Porto Rico.
It is ro miles long and 50 broad, and
belongs to the Spaniards. It is full of
very high mountains, and extremely fer-
tile vallies, interfperfed with woods, and
well watered by teings and rivulets. It
produces fugar, rum, ginger, corn, and
fruits, partly proper to the climate, and
partly introduced from Spain; and there
are fo many cattle, that they often are
killed for the fake of the tkins alone.
Here are a great number of uncommon
trees, and therd is a little gold in the ®
thofe of
o country
liftorians,
culptors ;
arts and
f ancient
y affable,
id ready-
rindi€tive,
erftitious.
ve -a good
nd Spani-
ile as the
the other.
1 and pep-
nder parts
y dithes.
magpies,
+ common
rt, The
4 formerly
ans: they
h for their
ed religion
language,
faid to be
- Florence.
which rifes
i watering
Southamp-
of Lower
in, feated
luckftadt,
DN. g 30 Fy
oT. a town
Chiguito,
e territory
000 native
to Spain.
a kind of
te. It is
98 miles
» lat. 33
- anifland
of Hifpa-
rto Rico.
broad, and
is full of
emely fer-
oods, and
ulets. It
corn, and
ate, and
and there
often are
s alone.
hncommon
in the ®
JUD
part of the ifland. It is commonly faid,
that the air is healthy, and yet, in the reign
of queen Elifabeth, the earl of Cumnber-
Jand, when he had taken this ifland, loft
oft of his men by ficknefs, and, on that
account, was forced to abandonit. It is
fubje&t to ftorms and hurricanes, like
the reft of thefe iflands. The capital is
of the fame name. Lon. 67 4 Ww, lat. 18
17 Ne
Tan DE PuERTO RiIcQ, ST. the ca-
pital of an ifland of the {ame name, with
a good harbour, detended by feveral forts.
It is a bifhop’s fee, and feated on the N
coaft of the ifland. Lon. 69 x wy, lat. 18
2g Ne
| ° TU AN FERNANDEZ, an ifland in. the
S Pacific Ocean, lying in 83° w lon. and
33° 8 lat. 300 miles w of Chili. It is
uninhabited, but having {ome good har-
pours, is found extremely convenient to
touch at, and water. Alexander Selkirk,
a Scotchman, having been left on fhore,
in this folitary place, by his captain,
lived here fome years, till he was dif-
covered by captain Rogers, in ,1709.
When brought on board, he had for-
gotten his native language, and could
icarcely be underftood.. He. was drefled
in goat fkins, would drink nothing but
water, and it was fome time before he
could relith the fhip’s vi&tuals. During
his abode in ‘this ifland, he had killed
‘s00 goats, which he caught by running
them down. From this remarkable cir-
cumftance, Daniel de Foe derived the
hints which gave rife to his celebrated
produétion, The Adventures of Robinfon
Crufoe. ; ;
Juan pe ULnua, ST, an ifland of
New Spain, lying in the gult of Mexico,
near Vera Cruz. It was difcovered in
1518, by Grijelva. Lon. 97 25 Wy lat.
1g 12.N.
JucaTAN, or YUCATAN, a Ines pate
intula of New Spain, oppolite the if and
of Cuba. It projects trom the continent
100 leagues, but does not extend above
25 in breadth. It contains a great quan-
tity of timber, proper for the build-
ing of fhips, as allo fugar, caifia, and
Indian corn. It is an extenfive plain,
not only without mountains, but. almoit
without any inequality of ground, ‘The
inhabitants are fupplied with water from
pits, and, wherever they dig them, find
‘atin abundance; but in all Jucatan, there
is not ariver or ftream. Merida is the
capital ; but fome give that appellation
‘to the town of Campeachy. See Hon-
DURAS.
Juona, a Seaport of Arabia Felix,
JUL
with a fort, feated on the Red Sea, 34
miles sw of Mecca, to which it is the
port. Lon. 39 22 £, lat. 22 29N.
JUDENBURG, a confiderable town of
Germany, the capital of Upper Stiria,
with a handfome caftle. ‘fhe public
buildings, with the {quare, are magnifi-
cent. It is feated on the Muehr, 45
miles w by-N of Gratz, and 100 sw of
Vienna. Lon. 14.268, lat.47 10N.
JUDOIGNE, a town of Auftrian Bra-
bant, near: which the duke of Marlbo- °
rough gained that fignal victory, in 1706.
called the battle of Ramillies. It is feated
on the river Geete, 13 miles sz of Lou-
vain, and 16 N of Namur. Lon. 52 £,
lat. 50 45.
Ives, St. a feaport and borough in
Cornwall, with a market on Wednefday
and Saturday. It is feated on a bay of
the fame name, which being unfafe, is
frequented by fithermen only, for the
taking of pilchards, It is governed by a
mayor, fends two members to parlia-
ment, and is eight miles NE of Penzance,
and 277 w bys of London. Lon. 5 30
W, lat. 50 18 N.
‘Ives, St. a town in Huntingdonfhire,
with a market on Monday, confiderable
for cattle. Here was a priory, which is
now in ruins. It is feated on the river
Oufe, over which is a ftone bridge, fix
miles NE of Huntingdon, and 59 s by w
of Landon. Lon. 0 20 w, lat. 52 20N.
JuGON, a town of France, in the de-
partment of the North Coat and late
province of Bretagne, feated on the rivu-
let Arque 2 miles from the Englith
Channel.
Ivica, anifland of te Mediterranean,
56 miles sw of Majorca. It is about
60 miles in circumference. It is moun-
tainous, but fertile in corn, wine, and
fruits; and is remarkable for the great
quantity of falt made here. The capital,
of the fame name, has a good harbour.
Lon. 1 25 £, lat. 38 52.N.
IVINCHO, a town in Buckinghamfhire,
with a market on Friday, fix miles sw
of Dunitable, and 32 nw of Lon
Lon. 0 35 W, lat. 51 54.N.
Jutian, Port Str. a harbour of Pa-
tagonia, where fhips ufually touch that
are bound for the PacificOcean. Lon. 68
44 W, lat. 49 tos.
JULIEN, ST. atown of France, in the
department of Upper Vienne and late
province of Limofin, 13 miles w of Li-
roges. Lon. 1 48, lat. 45 50N.
ULIEN DU SAULT; ST. a town of
France, in the department of Yonne and
lats province of Burgundy, feated be-
\
\
MI
8
JUR
tween two mountains covered with vines,
fear the river Yonne, five miles from
Joigny.
.. Jutrers, aduchy of Weftphalia, 68
miles in length, and 30 in breadth;
bounded on the nN by Guelderland, on
the £ by the archbifhopric of Cologne,
on the s by Luxemburg and ‘Treves, and
on the w by Limburg. It is fubject to
the cleftor palatine, and is remarkable
for the quantity of wood it produces.
JULIERS, a town of Germany, capital
of a duchy of the fame name, with a
ftrong citadel. It was taken by the
French in 1794. It is feated on the Roer,
15 miles E of Aix-li-Chapelle, and 18 w
of Cologne. Lon. 6 40 £, lat. 50 56N.
_ JuLpua, once the capital of Armenia,
in Afia, now in ruins, the inhabitants
having been tranfplanted to a fuburb of
Hpahan, called New Julpha, where they
have feveralchurches. This colony was
fo flourifhing, that, before the civil wars,
which have defolated Perfia during this
century, they were fuppofed to be the
moft confiderable merchants in the world.
.JUMIEGE, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Seine and late pro-
vince of Normandy, with a late celebrated
Benedictine abbey. It is feated on the
Seine, 12 miles sw of Rouen, and 77 Nw
of Paris, Lon.o 558, lat. 49 24.N.
Jumna, a river of Hindooftan Proper,
which rifes to the Nw of Delhi, waters
that capital and the city of Agra, and
joins the Ganges, 100 miles below Be-
nares.
JUNSALAM, a feaport of Siam, to the
w of a large ifland of the fame name.
Lon. 98 30 £, lat. 8 56N.
Jura, one of the Weftern Ifles of
Scotland, NE of Iflay, 10 miles long.
and feven broad. Here are three moun-
tains of a conic form and ftupendous
height, called the Paps of Jura. The
reft of the ifland is flat, and generally
covered with heath.
Jura, a department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of
Franche Comté. It contains mines of
iron of a fuperior quality, mines of cop-
per and lead, and many quarries of black
marble, jafper, and alabatter. It takes
jts name from Mount Jura.
Jura, Mount, a chain of movn-
tains, which begins in the canton of Zu-
ric, in Swifferland, extends along the
Rhine into the canton-of Soleure and the
principality of Neuchatel,” branches out
atoward the Pays de Vaud,’ feparates that
country from France, and continues ‘ be-
yond the frontiers of the Genevois as far
+ s
a!
IX W
as the Rhone. In various parts of the
Pays de Vaud, this chain forms many
elevated vallies ; particularly the valley
of the lake of Joux, upon the top of that
art called Mount Joux. This valley
is beautifully checkered with wood, ara-
ble, and pa(ture; and is watered by two
pi¢turetque lakes ; the largeft of which
is called the lake of Joux, and the other,
lake Brenet. This vale is very populous,
containing 3000 inhabitants ; fome em-
ployed in making watches, but the greater
part in polifhing cryftals, granites, and
marcafites. Thefe parts are much in-
fetted with bears and wolves. The def-
cent from this delightful vale, through a
variety of hill, valley, wood, and lawn,
affords a very extenfive profpect of great
part of the Pays de Vaud, the lake of
Geneva, with its mountains, and the
lake of Neuchatel.
IvrEA, a ftrong town of Piedmont,
capital of Canavez, with a bifhop’s fec,
a fort, and an ancient caftle. It is
feated on the Doria, between two hills,
20 miles N of Turin, and 32 £ by N of
Sula. Lon. 7 48 £, lat. 45 22N.
Ivry, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Eure and late province of Nor-
‘mandy, with a late Benediétine abbey.
It is feated on the Eure, 10 miles nN by
w of Dreux. Lon. 1 28 g, lat. 48 54.N.
JUTLAND, a peninfula, the principal
part of the kingdom of Denmark, 18e
miles in length, and 50 in breadth;
bounded on the sez by the duchy of Hol-
{tein, and on the other fides by the Ger-
man Ocean and the Baltic. The air is
very cold, but wholefome. The foil is
fertile in corn and paftures, and feeds a
great number of horfes and beeves, which
are fent to Germany, Holland, &c, It
was anciently called Cimbrica Cherfone-
fus, and is fuppofed to be. the country
whence the Saxons came, that conquered
England. It is divided into two parts,
called N and S Jutland; the latter being
the duchy of Sletwick.
Ivy BrinvGeE, a village in Devonhhire,
11 miles NE of Plymouth, It is remark-
able for its rural and pifurefque fcenery ;
having, on the N the rude barren moun-
tains of Dartmoor, and on the s one of
the belt cultivated countries in the king-
dom; whiie the river Arme, which runs
through the village, forces its way through
he mafles of granite, with great noife
and impetuofity, and, when fwelled with
heavy rains, exhibits a very fomantic
appearance. A little above the bridge,
‘is a confiderable paper manufatire.
JIXWORTH, @ town in Suffolk, with?
rts of the
ms many
the valley
op of that
his valley
rood, ara-
ed by two
of which
the other,
populous,
fome em-
the greater
nites, and
much in-
The def-
through a
and lawn,
Sof great
the lake of
5, and the
Piedmont,
ifhop’s fec,
He. It is
two hills,
, Eby N of
2N.
in the de-
ince of Nor-
tine abbey.
miles N by
at. 48 §4.N.
he principal
nmark, 186
n_ breadth;
hy of Hol-
by the Ger-
The uir is
The foil is
and feeds a
eves, which
d, &c. It
a Cherfone-
the country
t conquered
two parts,
laiter being
Devonhhire,
t is remark-
hue fcenery ;
rren_ moun-
he s one of
n the king-
which runs
ay through
h great noife
welled with
fomantic
ate.
the: bridge,
olk, with 2
KAL
market on Friday. Several Roman coins
have been dug up here. It is feven miles
ne of Bury St. Edmunds, and 79 NNE
of London. Lon. o 51 £, lat. §2 20 N.
JYepour, a city of Hindooftan
Proper, in Agya, capital of.a territory of
the fame name, and fubjeét to one of the
Rajpoot princes. It was ‘built by the
celebrated rajah Jeffing, who alfo erected
an obfervatory here, in 1734. It is a
place of great wealth and confequence,
being the {taple for goods that are brought
‘from évery quarter of India. It is 136
miles Ww by s of Agra. Lon. 76 g £, lat.
26 56N.
IZQUINTENANGO, a town of New
Spain, in the province of Chiapa. The
country about it produces cotton and a
great number of pineapples. Lon. 93 45
W, lat. 160 N.
K.
ep Words that fometimes begin with K,
and are not found under that letter, may
be fought for under the letter C.
AFFUNGEN, a town and monaf-
tery of Germany, in Heffe, near
Caflel. Lon. 9 30 £y lat. 51 15 N. |
Kanua. See Hua.
Kairvan, acity of Africa, in Tunis,
sapital of a government of the fame
name. It is the fecond city in the king-
dom for trade and population; is cele-
brated for the moft magnificent and facred
mo{que in Barbary ; and is 20 miles w
of Sulfa. Lon. 10 25 £, lat. 35 40 N.
Kacaar, a'town of Perfia, in Chilan,
with a confiderable manufacture of filk.
Lon. 58 45 BE, lat. 36 23 .N.
KaLIMBURG, a town of Denmark,
in the ifle of Zealand, the capital of a
confiderable bailiwic. Lon. 11 11 E,
lat. §5 47 N. ‘ d
Kauir, 2 town of Suabia, in the du-
chy of Wirtemburg, with a caftle. Lon.
9 45 E, lat. 48 38N.
Katiscu, a palatinate of Poland,
bounded on the w by that of Pofnia, on
the £ by Siradia, on the N by Weftern
Pruffia, and on the s by Silefia, It was
forcibly feized by the king of Pruflia, in
17930 ;
KaniscH, a town of Poland, ‘capital
of a palatinate of the fame name, where
the Jefuits hada magnifivent college. It
_is {eated on the river Profiiay in’ a morafs,
which renders it difficult of dccefs, 110
miles. wok Wartaw, . Liaw, 185 W, lat.
n§2 9 New be
KAL
KALKAS, a tribe of the Mogul Tams
tars, in Chinefé Tartary. They inhabit
the country N of the Mogul “Tartare,
properly fo called, which ftretches as far
as the ‘kingdoin of the Eleuthes ; and is
near 360 leagues in extent from E to We
They live in tents, on the banks of their
numerous rivers. They adore a lama of
the fecond order, who is held in fuch ve-
neration, that bonzes from China, Hin-
dooftan, Pegu, &c. come to pay their de~
votions at his refidence in Iben -Pira.
KALMUCS, a nation of Tartars, ine
habiting that part of the Ruffian govern-
ment of Caucafus, which lies between
the Volga and the Yaick, toward the
Cafpian Sea. In all this immenfe trac
there is not one houfe to be feen, as they
all live in tents, and remove from place
to place in queft of pafturage for théit
numerous catt):, confifting of hortés,
camels, cows, and fheep.. They neither
fow nor reap, nor make hay for their
cattle, fo that they live without bread,
or any fort of vegetable ; and, in winter,
their cattle fare like the wild beafts.
Their food is -flehh (efpecially that of
_horfes) fith, wild fowl, and venifon; ahd
they have great plenty: of ‘milk, butter,
and cheefe; bu: mare’s milk is the moft
efteemed among chem, and from it they
make a ftrong {pirit, of which they are
very fond. They are divided into a num-
ber of hordes or clans, each under their
own particular khan, and all acknow-
ledging the authority of one principal
khan, who is called orchicurtikhanj or
the king of kings, who derives his pedi-
gree from the great Tamerlane. All of
them, however, have fubmitted to the go-
vernment of Ruffia, or to live under its”
protection. ‘They are pagans. In perfon
they are of a low ftature, and bow-legged,
occafioned by their being {0 continually
on horfeback, or fitting with their legs
below them. Their faces are broad and
flat, with a flat nofe and little black
eyes, diftant from each other like the
Chinefe. They are of'an olive colour,
and their faces full of wrinkles, with
very little beard: they thave their heads,
leaving only a tuft of hair on thé crown.
The better fort wear coats of ftuff or filk,
with a wide {urcoat of fheep-fkins, and a
cap of the fame. Their only weapons are
the cimitar, lance; and’ bow aid arrow ;
but they are coming into thé ufe of fire-
atms; which; in time, will make them more
forntidable. In winteF’ they « re’ obliged
to crofs. the river, and live on the bare
plains: of “Aftraéan, where their only
tiring is the me dung ef the Cattle,
2
.
}
KAL
and the cattle themfelves ftarving on the
{canty produce of a barren defert. Here
they remain till {pring, when their former
habitation, on the ealt fide of the river,
is overflowed, for near a month, to a vaft
extent, by the melting of the fnow, and
their country appears one continued fea
overgrown with trees. As foon as this
fubfides, they return with great joy,
{wimming their loaded camels and cattle
ever the river, where the intervening
iflands make their paflage eafieft. When
they go upon an expedition, every one
takes a fheep with him for his provifion,
and three horfes, which he rides alter-
nately; and when any one of them fails,
they kill it and divide the fleth, putting
pieces of it under their faddle, and after
riding fome time upon it, they eat it with-
@ut any further preparation. They ge-
nerally return from their excurfions with
only one horfe, having eat all the reft.
Their kibbets, or tents, are both warm
and large, having a fire in the middle,
and a hole at the top to Jet out the fmoke.
They are 24 feet diameter, and capable
ef being enlarged or contracted at plea-
fure: they are all round, the fides being
made of a kind of checkered wicker-
work, and the crofs fticks neatly jointed
for folding together or extending. When
they erect a kibbet, they join as many of
them together as will make a circle, of
the dimenfion they choole ; and having
fixed the outfide, which is fix feet high,
they raife, with their lances, around board,
three feet diameter, with a hole in the
middle of it, and fmall holes all round the
edge. The large hole ferves for the chimn-
ney ; the fimall holes receive the ends of fo
many ftraight rafters ; and the other ends
being fixed to the fides, the roof is formed,
which is both ingenious and pretty. Hav-
ing thus erected the frame ot the kibbet,
they cover it over with thick felt, more or
lefs, according as the feafon is cold or
‘warm, beginning at the bottom and pro-
ceeding to the top, where they place a
‘krine, which they can turn at pleafure
againft the wind, to prevent fmoke.
KAatnick, a ftrong town of Poland,
in the palatinate of Bracklaw, 120 miles
v of Kaminiech. Lon. 29 18 Ey lat. 48
$7 N.
Kato, or Karoo, a town of Upper
‘Hungary, feated in a lake, 22 miles sz
of Tockay. Lon.21 545, lat.47 56N.
KALUuGA, 2 government of the Ruffian
empire, formerly a province in the go-
vernment of Mofcow. Its principal
“town, of the fame name, is {cated on the
KAM
KAMAKURA, atrifland of Japan, three
miles in circumference, lying on the 5
coaft of Niphon., It is here they con-
fine their great men, when they have
committed any fault; and the coatt is fe
fteep, that they are forced to be lifted up
by cranes. '
KaMBaLa, Mownrt, a ridge of moun-
tains in Thibet, between Lake Palte and
the Burrampzoter. From the top of this
ridge may be feen, to the N, a renge of
file higher mountains, covered with
fnow. The foot of Mount Kambala is
31 miles s of Laffa.
KAMINIECK, a ftrong town of Poland,,
ape of Pedolia, with a caftle and a
bifhop’s fee. It was taken by the Turks
in 1672, who reftored it, in 1690.
When the Ruffians feized part of the
Polifh territories in 1793, this fortrefe
held out a long time, but at laft furren-
dered to their arms. The cattle is feated
on a craggy roek, 85 miles w of Brack-
Jaw, and 100 sE of Lemburg. Lon. 26
30 E, lat. 48 58 N.
KAMTSCHATKA, a peninfula on the
E coaft of Afia, extending from 52 to 61°
wiat. The ifthmus, joining it to the
continent on the N, lies between the gulfs
of Olutorfk and Penfhink ; and its ex-
tremity to the s is Cape Lopatka. The
greateft breadth is 240 miles, being from .
the mouth of the river Tigril to that of
the river Kamtfchatka; and toward each
extremity it gradwally becomes nar-
rower. On the N it is bounded by’ the
country of the Koriacs, on the 2 and s
by the N Pacific Ocean, and on the w
by the fea ef Okotfk. A chain of high
mountains from N to s extends the whole
length of the peninfula, and almof
equally divides it; whence feveral rivers
take their rife, and purfue their courfe
into the ocean and the fea of Okothk,
The foil, in general, is barren and
peathy, with ftunted trees thinly fcat-
tered over the whole face of the country ;
but fome parts are faid to produce tolera-
bly good hay. The feverity of the cli-
mate is equal to the fterility of the foil;
for in computing the {egfons here, {pring
fhould certainly be omitted. Summer
may be faid to extend from the middle
of June till the middle of September.
Oétober may be confidered as an autumn ;
from which period to the middle-of June,
it is all dreary winter. Some wholefome
vegetables grow here in a wild ftate, foch
as chervil, garlic, qnions, angelica, and °
wild celery. Here are alfo fome excel-
lent turnips, and turnip-radithes, upon
a few {pote of ground in the vallies; afd
ipan, three
3 : the 5
they con-
they? have
coatt is fe
ye lifted up
re of moun-
> Palte and
top of this
a renge of
ered with
cambala is
of Poland,,
iftle and a
the Turks
in 1690.
art of the
lis fortrefs
aft furren-
le is feated
of Brack-
. Lon, 26
ula on the
1 52 to 61°
it to the
nthe gulfs
mai its ex-
tka. The
being from .
to that of
»ward each
pmes nar-
ied by the
he B and s
on the w
in of high
the whole
d almoft
eral rivers
eir courfe
f Okotk,
KAN
this is the utmnoft extent of their garden
cultivation, They have a variety of
wild berries, which are gathered at proper
feafons, and preferved by mafhing them
into a thick jam; thefe conftitute a con-
fiderable part of the winter perircoe
ferving 48 a gencral fauce to their dried
fith. The inhabitants may be faid te
confift of three forts, the Kamtichadales,
the Ruffians and Coffacs, and a mixture
reduced by their intermarriages, Their
Libieattons are of three different forts,
which they cali jourte, balagans, and
loghoufes. They inhabit the firit in the
winter, and the fecond in the fummer:
in the third, introduced by the Ruffians,
only the more wealthy people refide.
The external appearance of a jourt refem-
bles a round fquat hillock ; a hole, ferving
for a chimney, window, and door, is
Jeft in the centre; and the inhabitants
go in and out by the afliftance of a long
pole, having notches deep enough to afford
a little fecurity for the toes. ‘The upper
garment of the Kamtichadales refembles
a waggoner’s frock. If for fummer
wear, it is made of nankin; if intended
for winter, it is made of a {kin, having
one fide-tanned, and the haiy preferved
on the other, which is worn innermoft.
A clofe jacket of gankin, or other cotton -
ituff, is the next under this ; and beneath
that a fhine made of thin Perfian filk, of
any colour. They wear long breeches,
and boots, made of fkins, with the hair
innermoft. They have alfo a fur cap,
with two flaps that are ufually tied up
clofe to the head, but are permitted to
fall round the fhoulders in bad weather.
They are fubje&t to the Rullians, and
their trade confifts in furs and fkins.
KaNeEm, a city of Africa, in the em-
pire of Bornou, capital of a fertile pro-
vince of the fame name. The {inhabi-
tants whe aye compofed of muflulmans and
pagans, breed multitudes of cattle, and
raife innumerable horfes. for the fervice
of the king. Jt is 150 miles Nw of
Bornou, :
Kaniow, a ftrong tewn of Poland, in
the palatinate of Kiow, feated. near the
Dnieper, 62 miles s by £ of Kiow, and
100 NE of Bracklaw.
Kanisca, a ftrong town of Lower
Hungary, capital of the county of Sala-
war, It-was. taken by the Auftrians in
1690, and is feated on the Drave, 100
miles s by. & of Vienna. Lon. 17 40 £,
lat. 46 43 N.°
, KAN-TCHEOU-FOU, a city of China,
in the province of Kiang-fi, celebrated
4or its rivers, port, tiches, and popula.
KAY
tion. Its diftri& contains 12 cities of
the third clafs; and it is 250 miles nN by
E of Canton.
Kao-TCHEOU-FOD, a city of China,
in the province of Quang-tong. In its
vicinity is found a kind of marble, that
repreients, naturally, rivers, mountains,
Jandicapes, and trees: it is cut into flabs,
and made into tables, &c. Kao-tcheou-
fou has one city of the fecond clafs, and
‘five of the third, under its jurifdiétion.
Kaposwakr, a fort of Lower Hungary,
on the river Kapos, which wathes its~
walls. It is 55 miles w of Tolna. Lon,
18 13 E, lat. 46 31 N.
KareEck, ‘an ifland in the Perfian
Gulf, lying nearly in the middle of it,
about feven leagues from each fide, and,
30 from Buffarah River, where all the:
thips bound for that port muft call for’
pilots. It is five miles Jong, and two
broad. Here baron ‘Kniphaufen, aboiit
the middle of this century, formed a’
Dutch {fettlement; but on his quitting’
their fervice, it became: fubje& to. its
former matter, the fheick of Bundaric.
KARLSCRUHE, a city of Suabia, in
the margravate of Baden Darlach, with
a magnificent palace. The city is built
on a vegular nla, and the houfes are all.
as uniform.as tie ftreets. It is 12 miles
N 2] E of Baden, '
-ASAN, a country of the Ruffian em-
pire, lying on both fides of the Volga.
It was formerly an independent kingdom,
belonging to the Kalmucs, to whom the
great dukes of Mofcow, with other
petty principalities of Ruffia, were tri-
utary. But in 1552, Ivan Vaflilievitch
II, conquered Kaftan, which now forms
the three Ruffian governments of Kafan,
Simbirfk, and.Fenza. © at:
Kasan, the capital of the Ruffian
government of the fame name, feated on
the rivulet Cafanka, where it falls inte
the Volga, 414 miles £ by N of Mofcow.
Lon. 49 8 Ey lat. §543N.- }
KAUFFBEUREN, a free imperial town
of Suabia, in the territory of Kempten,
feated on the Wardech, 18 miles NE of
Kempton, and 30 8 by w of Augfburg.
Lon. 10 43 Ey lat. 47 §8 Ne. |
Kaye's Is.anp, an ifland in the
N Pacific Ocean, difcovered by captain
Cook, in 1778. Its NE point isa naked
rock; confiderably elevated above the land
within it. Some parts of the thore are
interrupted by {mall vallies, filled with
pine-trees. Thefe ‘alfo abound in other
parts of the ifland, which is covered, in
a manner, with a broad girdle cf wood;
but the trees are far a being of &1 extrae
3
A Beit ie A EPID AOD CE IT 8H
Theta agen
KyE M
ordinary growth. Lon. 131 48 wy, lat.
59 51 N-
KAYSERSBERG, a town of France, in
the department of Upper Rhine and late
province of Alface, five miles Nw of
Colma~, and 25 nw of Bafil. Lon. 7
23 E, lat. 48 10 N.
KAYSERSLAUTERN, a town of Ger-
many, in the palatinate of the Rhine.
In the prefent war it was taken by the
French, then by the Pruffians, and again
by the French. It is feated on the
Lauter, 22 miles sw of Worms, and 38
s by w of Mentz. Lon. 7 51 E; lat. 49
20 N. .
_KAYSERSTUHL, a town of Swiffer-
land, in the county of Baden, with a
bridge over; the Rhine, and a caftle. It
belongs to the bifiop of Conftance, and
ie Gaht miles.sg of Zurzach. Lon, 8 24
Ey lat. 47 8.Ne. :
-KAYSERVERD, or KEISEWERT, @
town of, Weftphalia, in the duchy of
Berg, feated on the Rhine, eight miles
NO Gulieiaoep» and.22 nw of Cologne.
Lon.-6 45 E, lat. 51 14.N.
"Keune, a ftrong fortrefs of Suabia,
feated on the Rhines over which is a
bridge to Strafburg, and to that city, when
an imperial one, it belonged. It was
frongly fortified by the French, who took
pofleffion of it in 1684. Being ceded to
the. empire, at the peace of Ry{wick, in
31697, the. emperor conligned it to the
houfe of Baden. Some of the ancient
fortifications are in ruins, but it is ftill
an important pafs, between France and
Germany. It was taken by the French
in June 1.796; retaken by the Auftrians
on Sept. 18 following ; ‘but the brilge
not being deftroyed, the French regained
‘pofteifion of it the fame day. Lon. 7
G3 E> lat. 48 34.N. ~
KELS80, a populous town in Roxburgh-
fhire, with a good market for corn, and
2 Aridag of fix. arches over the Tweed,
near its confluence with the Teviot. The
abbey,’. magnificent ruins of ‘which {till
Femaing. was. founded by David 3, in
3328. Much wheat is railed ‘in’ this
neighbourhood, and the fleeces of the theep
are remarkably fine. -Kelfo is ze. miles
$e o¢ Berwick, and 338' NNW of Lon:
*
one | ton. 2 38.W, lat. 55 36 N.
, Kempgn, a'town of Germany, in the
gletorate of Cologne, ‘cated on the Nixrs,
beset 8 of Cologne. Lon. 6 36 &,
at. SEABN Oe “5
Kt MPTEN, a fice imperial town of
uabia, ‘in the territo:y of the abbot of
Kempton, who ia a prinee of the empire.
Bee pee Poe Ley Pace CR ee
KEN
The inhabitants are proteftants. It is
feated on the Iller, 45 miles s by,w of
Augfburg. Lon, 10 21 £, lat. 47 49 Ne
EN, a river in Weltmorland, which
flows by Kendal, and empties. itfelf inte
the fandy wath of Lancafhire, . called
Morecambe Bay. It has a cataraét rear
its mouth, which obftruéts the naviga-
tion; fo that Milthorp, ftuate below
this cataract, is the only port of Weft-
morland.
KEN, a riyer in Kirkcudbrighthhire,
that flows to New Galloway, below
which it expands into a lake, {oui miles
long and one broad. The f{tream that
iffues from this lake, falls into the river
Dee, and their united waters meet the
Irith Sea, at Kirkcudbright. ;
KENDAL, a corporate town in Wett-
morland, with a market on Saturday.
it is feated on the Ken, over which are
two ftone bridges, and.‘one of; wood,
which leads .to the caftle, now in ruins.
It has a {pacious church, with 12,chapels
of eafe ; and a freef{chool well endowed,
having exhibitions to Queen's College in
Oxford. Kendal has been long noted for
its woollen manufactures; particularly,
woven and knit ftockings; a thick ftuff,
called’ cottons, for fhilore jackets, and
linfey-woolfey. There is likewife a con-
fiderable tannery; and fith-hooks, watte
filk, and wool-cards até ‘manufactured
here. It is governed by a mayor, and
has feven trading cempanies, who have
each a hall. So early as: the reigns of
Richard s1 and ‘enry Iv, fpecial laws
were enacted for the better regulation of
the Kendal cloths, &c. arid fueh has been
the induftry of the inhabitants, that they
have continued ‘to ‘flourith ever fince,
notwithftanding the difadvantage of its
river for watcr carriage. Kendal is 46
miles 8’ ot Carlifle, and 259 NNW of
London. Lon. 25 2W, lat. 54.15 N.
ICENNEBEK, a river, which rifes in the
diftri¢t of Nain, in New England, and
falls into the Atlantic Ocean, between
the bays of Cafco and Penobfcot.
KENNET, 2 river, which rides among
the chalky hills im Wilts, and ‘flows to
Newbury, in Berks, where it becomes
navigable; it is thea augurented by the
Lamborn, and ‘runs to Reading, below
which it mingles with the ‘Thames.
KENSINGTON, a village in Mrddlefex,
two miles w of Londen. “Here is Ken-
fiigton ‘palace, formerly a ‘feat of the
lord chancellor Finch, atterward.earl of
Northampton, but purchafed of that no-
bleman. by William ms. “The exteniive
‘se It is
by. w of
4749 N-
id, which
itfelf inte
e, . called
waét pear
¢ Naviga-
ite below
of Weft-
‘ighthhires
Ws below
ous miles
‘eam that
the river
meet the
in Wett-
Saturday.
vhich are
ot; wood,
in ruins:
2 chapels
endowed,
allege in
noted for
ticularly,
ick ftuff,
ets, and
ife a con-
ks, watte
ifa&tured
yor, and
ho haye
eigns of
ial laws
lation of
has been
hat they
r fince,
e of its
al is 46
NNW of
15 .N.
fes in the
nnd, and
between
s among
lows to
becomes
xtentive
KEN
gatdéns, of late years, have become a
very fafhionable walk, particularly on
Sunday.
KENT, a county ‘of England, bounded
on the N by the Thames and the German
Ocean, ‘oh the £ and sz by that ocean
and ‘the’ ftraits of Dover, on the s by
Suffex and the Englifh Channel, and on
the w by Surry. From E to w it is 58
miles, and from nN to s 36. It is di-
vided into five lathes, containing 61
hundreds, two cities, 29 market-towns,
and 408 parithes ; and fends 18 members
to parliament. In the foil and face of
the country, there is great diverfity.
The banks of the Thames are low and
marfhy, but backed by a range of chalky
eminences, fometimes rifing to a mode-
rate height. This kind of hard chalky
foil, inclining to barrennefs, extends to
the NE extremity of the county, and
thence round te Dover, exhibiting its
nature in the lofty white cliffs, which
here bound the ifland, and produce that
ftriking appearance at fea which gave it
the name of Albion. ‘The s part of
Kent, called the Weald, is a flat, woody
traét, of a clayey foil; fertile, but un-
wholefome on account of its moifture.
The midland and weftern diftriéts are
a mixture of hill and vale, arable and
pafture, equal in pleafantnefs to any part
of England. _ This county produces,
befide the ufuat obje&s of agriculture,
large quantities of hops; fruit of va-
rious kinds, efpecially cherries and apples,
of which there are large orchards for the
London markets; madder for dying ;
timber in the woody parts; and birch
twigs, for brooms, which form no incon-
fiderable article of commerce for the me-
tropolis. The country inland from Dover,
confilting chiefly of open downs, is excel-
lent for the feeding of fheep; and many
bullocks are fattened to an extraordinary
fize in Romney Marth. The principal
rivers, befide the Thames, are the Med-
way, Darent, Stour, Cray, and Rother,
Maiditone is the county town.
KENTAIFFE, Mount, a ridge of
mountains, in the s part of Thibet,
hordering on Hindooftan Proper. On the
w fide of this ridge are the two heads ef
the Ganges, and from its £ fide iffues the
Burrampooter. :
KENTSINGUEN, 2 town of Suabia, in
the Brifgaw, feated on the river Elz.
Lon. 7 57 £, lat, 48 18 N.
KENTUCKY, one of the United States
of America, bounded by Great Sandy
Creek on the N, by the Ohio on the Nw,
by N Carolina on the s, and by the Cum-
KEN
berland mountain on the £. It is upward
of 250 miles in kreth, and 200 in
breadth ; and is divided . .te feven counties,
Lincoln, Fayette, Bourbon, Mercer, Jef-
terfon, Nelfon, and Maddifon. The prin-
cipal rivers are the Ohio, Kentucky,
Licking River, Red River, Elkhorn, Dick's
River, Green River, Citinberland River,
and Great Kenhaway or New River. Thefe
are all navigable for boats almoft to their
fources, without rapids, for the greateft
part of the year,” ‘The foil is amazingly
fertile, and fcarcely any fuch thing as a
marth or {wamp is to be found. ‘The air
is more temperate and healthy.than the
other fettled parts of America; and fnow
feldem falls deep or lies long. The
country, in general, may be confidered
as well-timberéd, producing large trees
of many kinds, and to be exceeded by
no country in variety. Thofe which are
peculiar to Kentucky are the fugar-tree,
which grows in great plenty, and fur-
nifhes excellent fugar; and the honey-
locuft, which is {urrounded by large
thorny fpikes, bearing broad and long
pods in form of peas, has a {weet tafte,
and makes excellent beer. Here are allo
the coffee-tree, the papwa, cucumber,
black mulberry, wild cherry, buck-eye,
and fome other kinds of trees not common
elfewhere. Here is great plenty of fine
cane, on which the cattle feed, and grow
fat: it grows from three to twelve feet
high, with joints at eight or ten inches
diftance along the ftalk, from which pro-
ceed leaves refembling thofe of the willow.
Where no cane grows, there is abun-
dance of wild rye, clover, and buffalo-
grafs, covering vaft traéts of country, and
affording excellent food for cattle. The
fields are covered with abundance of wild
herbage not common to other countries ;
and all the year, excepting the winter
months, the plains and vallies are adorned.
with variety of flowers. Jron ore, and
lead are found in abundance; and there
are many large caves, fome of which,
extend feveral miles under a fine lime-
ftone rock, fupported by curious arches
and pillars. Phe waters produce plenty
of fish and fowl, and elpecially on the
Ohie, the geefe and ducks are amazingly
numerous. ‘The land fowls are turkies ;
a {pecies of groufe, which the inhabitants
call pheafants; and quails, to which they
give the name of partridges. Serpents
are not numerous, and ave fuch as are to
be found in other parts df the conti.
nent, except the bull, the ‘horned, ‘and
the mockaton fnakes. Among the native
animals is the ata whote fichh is
4
4
3
¢
f
pI
MN
)
4
a
4
§<
\.
1
KER
excellent meat; and there are ftill to be
found many deer, elks, and bears. Here
are alfo panthers, wild cats, wolves,
beavers, otters, minks, foxes, rabbits,
fquirrels, racoons, ground-hogs, pole-
cats, and opoflums. Moft of the fpecies
of the domeftic quadrupeds have been
introduced fince the fettlement, fuch as
horfes, cows, fheep, and hogs. Ken-
tucky, in 1784, was computed to contain
30,000 fouls, and has been fince rapidly
increafing in population. Lexington is
the capital.
KENTUCKY, a river of N America,
which rifes with three heads from a
mountainous part of the country of the
fame name. Its N branch, which inter-
Jocks with Cumberland River, falls into
the Ohio in lat. 38 27 N. It is ama-
zingly crooked for upward of 200 miles
in length; and its banks may rather be
called precipices, for, :almoft every
where, they confift of three or four hun-
cred feet of a folid perpendicular lime-
ftone rock.; in fome parts of a fine white
marble, curioufly arched, pillared, or
blocked up into fine building ftones.
It is only at particular places that this
Tiver can be crofled, the beft of which is
near Leeftown.
KERCOLANG, an ifland in the Indian
Ocean, between 80 and 100 miles in cir-'
eumference. The face of the country
feems to be fteep hills and extenfive
vallies, and every part to be covered
with trees and verdure, with fome pleafant
cultivated grounds. The houfes ftand
on pofts, and appear to be well-built,
and neatly thatched. The inhabitants
are Malays, and are a mild and appa-
rently quiet people. Their clothing,
jn genera}, is made of a coarfe kind of ca-
lico, though fome wear filk, and mof of
them have a kind of turban round their
head; and a few have been feen with a
Chinefe pointed hat.’ Lon. 126 31 £,
fat. 4 28 N. * ;
KERGUELEN’s LAND, .an ifland in
the Southern Ocean, vifited by captain
Cook, in 1779. .From its fterility, it
might properly have been called the Ifland
of Defalation ; but captain Cook was un-
willing to rob M. Kerguelen of the ho-
nour ofits bearinghis name. The appear-
ance of verdure upon it, when at a {mall
giftance from the fhore, was occafioned
by one {mall plant, refembling faxifrage,
which grew upon the hills in large
Spreading tufis, on @ kind of rotten
turf, which, if dried,. might ferve for
fuel, and was the only thing {een here
KES
that could be applied to that , purpofe.
Lon. 69 37 Ey lat. 49 3 8.
KERMAN, a province of Perfia, lying
on the gulf of Perfia. Here are theep,
which, after grazing from January to
May, caft their fleeces and become as.
naked as fucking pigs; and the inhabi-
tants drive a great trade in their wool,
KERMAN, a town of Perfia, capital of
a province of the fame name. It is 120
miles NNW of Gombroon. Lon. 55 15
E, lat. 29 20 N. '
KERPEN, a town of Weftphalia, in
the duchy of Juliers, 14 miles sz, of
Juliers. Lon. 6 56 £, lat. soo N.
KERRY, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Muniter, 57 miles long and
45 broad; bounded on the gz. by the
counties of Limerick and Cork, on
the w by the Atlantic Ocean, on then
by the Shannon, which feparates it from
Thomond, and on the s by Defmond and
the ocean. It is a mountainous country,
but in many places are good corn-fields.
It contains 84 parifhes, and fends eight
members to parliament, Ardfert is the
capital,
KERTSCH, a fortrefs, fituate on the
E coaft of the Crimea, near the N en-
trance of the ftraits of Caffa. This
fortrefs, and that of Yenikalé, are of the
greateft importance, ag they command the
paffage which forms the communication
between the fea of Afoph and the Black,
Sea.
KESROAN, a chain of mountains, on
the coaft of Syria, which makes a part
of Mount Libanus.
KESSEL, a town of Pruffian Guelder-
land, with a handfome cattle, feated on
the Maefe, between Ruremond and Venlo.
Lon. 5 49 8, lat. 51 16 N.
KESsELDORF, a Village of Germany,
in the circle of Upper Saxony, three miles
below Drefden, remarkable for a victory
Sri by the king of Pruifia, over the
axons in 1745.
KESTEVEN, one of the three divifions
of Lincolnfhire, containing the w_ part
of the county, from the middle to the
S$ extremity. Part of the fens of Lin-
colnfhire are in this diftri€t; the air of
which, however, is more falubrious than
that of the diftric& of Holland; and the
foil is more fruitful.
Keston, a village in Kent, eight
miles Nw of Wefterham, and 14 8E of
London. On Helwood Hill, -in this
parifh, is. Holwood Houfe, and in its
grounds are the remains of a large fortifi-
Cation (probably a Roman one) of an obe
\purpofe.
fia, lyin
re Pg
nuary to
ecome as.
e. inhabi-
r wool,
capital of
It is 120
Mm. 55 15
halia, in
es SE of
ON.
d, in the
long and
2. by the
Sork, on
on the .N
sit from
nond and
| country,
wn-fields.
ids eight
rt is. the
e on the
he N en-
w This
are of the
mand the
unication
he Black,
tains, on
P$ a part
Guelder-
eated on
d Venlo,
bermany,
ree miles
a victory
over the
divifions
W part
r to the
of Lin-
e air of
ous than
and the
> eight
4 SE of
in this
H in its
e fortifi-
f an Ob-
KEY
long form; the area of which is partly in-
clofed by rampires and double ditches of a
eat height and depth. It is two miles
in circumference, inclofing ear 100 acres
of ground. A path deicends from the
camp to the fpringhead of the river Ra-
venfbourn. Of this {pring an excellent
cold bath was formed, {urrounded by pales
and trees; but it has been long neglected.
This river flows hence through Bromley
and Lewifham, and falls into the Thames,
at Deptford.
Keswick, a town in Cumberland,
with a market on Saturday. It is feated
in a vale furrounded by hills, near the
rapid river Greeta, 25 miles Nw of
Kendal, and 287 NNw of London. Lon,
3.16 Ws, lat. 58 35 N.
Keswick,, VALE OF, a diftri& in the
8 part, of Cumberland, lately much
vifited by the admirers of nature. Here
is the lake of Kelwick, or, more pro-
perly, the lake of Derwent-water. To
the N of this romantic piece of water,
joars the lofty mountain Skiddaw, one
of the. moft diftinguifhed in England;
and to the s is the dreary region of
Borrowdale. See BORROWDALE, Der-
WENT-WATER, and SKIDDAW.
' KETTERING, a town in Northampton-
fhire, with a market on Friday. It is
feated on an afcent, 12 miles NE of
Northampton, and 7§ NW of London,
Lon. 0 §9 £, lat. 52 20 N.
Kew, a village in Surry, feven miles
w by s of London. It is {eated on the
Thames, over which is a ftone bridge
of feven arches to Brentford. Here is
Kew Houle, a royal palaces celebrated for
its fine gardens, and his majefty’s exotic
garden. ‘The laft has been brought to
great perfection by the introduction of
many new plants trom Africa and New
S Wales. Kew gardens are: open to the
public, every Monday, from midfummer
to the end of autumn,
KEXHOLM, a town of the Ruffian
government of Wiburgh, feasted on two
iflands of the river Woxen, which here
falls into Lake Ladoga. It is well
fortified, and has a ftrong caftle. The
houfes are built of wood. Near it is a
confiderable falmon my: It is 60
miles Ne of Wiburg, and 67 Nn of Pe-
terfburgh. Lon. 30 25 E, lat. 61 3 N.
KEYNSHAM, a town in Somerietthire,
with a market on Thurfday. It has
fome trade in malt, and is feated on the
Avon, five miles sz of Briftol, and 115
w of London, Lon. 2 34 Wy, lat. 51
24 N,
KID
KHARKOF, a government of the Ruf-
fian empire, formerly comprifed in the
government of Ukrania-Slovodtkaia. Its
capital, of the fame name, is feated on
the Uda, which falls into the Donetz.
KIA-KING-FOU, a city of China, ia
the province of Tche-kiang, remarkable
for its ftreets, ornamented by beautiful
piazzas, that fhelter paffengers from the
fun and rain, Seven cities of the third
cla{s are dependant upon it.
KIANG-NAN, a le of China,
bounded on the w by Honan and Hou-
quang, on the s by Tche-kiang and
ian-fi, on the & by the gulf of Nan-
king, and on the n by Chan-tong. It is
of vaft extent, and contains 14 cities of the
firft rank, and 93 of the fecond and third,
which are very populous, and of the
greateft note for trade in the empire. It
is full of lakes, rivers, and canals; and
their filks, japanned goods, ink, and paper,
are in high efteem. Nan-king is the
capital.
KIANG-51,4 province of China, bounded
on the N by Riangensn, on the w
Hou-quang, on the s by Quang-tong,
and on the g& by Fo-kien and Tche-
Kiang. The mountains that lie to the s
‘ are almott inacceffible; but there are fine
vallies among them. It is watered by
lakes and rivers, and there are mines of
gold, filver, lead, ifon, and tin. It con-
tains 13 cities of the firft rank, and 78
of the tecond and third. The arrack ia
this province is excellent; and its porce-
lain is the fineft and moft valuable of
the empire. Nan-tchang-fou is the ca-
pital.
Kynura, a town of Swifferland, in the
eanton of Zuric, with a caftle, feated on
the Theoff, 14 miles Nz of the town of
Zuric. Lon. 8 46 £, lat. 47 28 N.
KIDDERMINSTER, a corporate town in
Worcefterthire, with a market on Thurf-
day. It is feated. under a hill, on the
river Stour, and is the principal manu-
facturing place in the county. Its former
trade of atts is much declined, on ac-
count of the general ule of cotton goods ;
but its carpet manufacture has greatly
increafed. It is the firft market in Eng-
land for pile or pluth carpets, which, for
beauty of colour and patterns, exceed any
other. Thefe are frequently called Wilton,
from having been firft made at that town.
The worfted thag trade has alfo been in-
troduced here, and employs.many looms.
It is 14 miles se of Bridgenorth, and
125 Nw of London. Lon. 2 18 wy, lat.
$2 28 Ne
i
;
i
a eT eas
KIL
_KIpwe vy, a town in Carmarthen-
fhive, with a market on Tuefday. It is
feated on a creek of the Briftol Channel,
near the mouth of the Towy. Froin,
this town, a canal has been cut to fome
collieries, whence coal is brought down
and exported. It is elght miles s: of
Carmasthen, and 224 W by N of London.
Lon, 4.20 W, lat. 56 44.N.
“Kiet, a°ftrong town of Gernany,
eapital, of Holftcin, with a caftle, and a
univerfity. It ftands on a peninfula, in
a bay of the Baltie, and has a commo-
dious harbour for thips of the largeft
fize, It is already one of the moft com-
mercial:places in Holftein; and its trade
will be further augmented, when the
inland navigation acrofs the peninfula is
finithed. his navigation. is to unite
the Northern Sea with the Baltic; and
is to be formed acrofs Holftein, by the
canal ‘of Kiel, and the river Eyder,
which paffes by Rendfburg, and falls.
into the German Ocean at Tonninge.
This canal was begun in 1777, and 1s
almoft finifhed. Kiel is 37 miles Nw of
Lubec, and 46 N by & of Hamburg. Lon.
100 £, lat. 5420 N.. See HOLSTEIN.
KigMA, a promontory of Swifferland,
on the w fhore of the lake of Zug. It
ts remarkable, that the ground belongs
ta the canton of Lucern, the timber to
that of Zug,.and the leaves to that of
Schweitz.
“'KKEN-NING-FOU, 2 city of China,
in the province of Fo-kien. At the time
of the conqueft of China by the Tartars,
it fuftained two fieges, in the laft of
which it was taken, and all the inha-'
bitants were put to the fword. It was
afterward re-eftablifhed by the fame
Tartars that deftroyed it, and has ejght
cities of the third clafs under its ju-
rifdi@tion. It is 260 miles sz of Nan-
king.
KILBARCHAN, a village in Renfrew-
fhire, Nw of Loch Winnoch. It is a
manufacturing place, and has extenfive
bleaching grounds. It is five miles sw
of Renfrew.
KILBEGGAN, a borough of Ireland,
in Welt Meath, feated on the Bofha, 44
miles w of Dublin.
Kitpurn, a village in Middlefex,
two miles Nw of London; famous for a
fine well of mineral water.
Kitpa, St. a fmall iflend of Seot-
land, one of the Hebrides, 18 leagiuss
to the w of N Uilt. 4 great number
of the poor people in’ this ifland live
chiefly by fithing and catching wild fowls.
In the latter employment, they are
KIL
incredibly adventurous; being often let
dawn by a rope from the fuminit of
high precipitous rocks, where they clam-
ber among thefugged cliffs, in fearch of
the eggs and nefts Of various birds. But
the more {afe and ‘common method of
catching thefe fowls is, by {preading 4
large net over the face of the rock where
they lodge, in'which great numbers are at
once entangled, and lowered down into a
boat. St. Kilda is the moft wetterly ifland
of Great Britain. ;
KILDARE, a county of Treland, in the
province of Leinfter, 37 miles long and
24 broad; bounded on the g by Dublin
and Wicklow, on the w by King’s
County and Queen's County, on‘ the nN
by E Meath, and on the s by Cather-
lough. It is a fertile country, contains
100 parifhes, and fends 10°members ‘to
parliament.
KiLparg; a town of Ireland, capital
of a county of the fame name, with a bi-
fhop’s fee. Tt is 27 miles sw of Dublin.
Lon. 6 37 W, lat. 53 9 Ne
KILGARRFN, a town in Pembroke.
fhire, with a market on ‘Wednefday. It
had formerly a caftle, now in ruins; and
near it is a remarkable falmon-leap,
where that ,fihh ‘is caught in great abun.
dance. Above this place, are large
works for fabricating ,tin plates. I: is
feated on the ‘Tyvy, 30 miles N of Pem.
broke, and 227 WNw of London. Lon.
440 W, lat. 52 4 N. :
KILHAM, a town in the £ riding of
Yorkfhire, with a market on Saturday,
36 miles NE «f York, and 200 N of
London. Lon. 0 16 wW, lat. 54 5N.
Kita, a fortified town of Turkey in
Europe, in Belfarabia; feated in an ifland,
at the mouth of the Danube. It was
taken by the Ruffians in’ 1790, but
reftored at the fubfequent peace. It is’
86 miles sw of Bialogorod, and 290 NE
of Conftantinople. Lon. 28 46 £, lat.
45 22N.
KILKENNY, a county of Ireland, in the
province of Leinfter, 40 miles long and
20 broad; bounded on the & by Cather-
lough and Wextord, on the w by Tip-
perary, on the N by Queen’s County,
and on the s by Waterford. It is one
of the beft counties in Ireland, contains
96 parifhes, and fends 16 members to
parliament.
KILKENNY, a town of Ireland, capital
of a county of the fame name. It is one
of the moft populous and commercial
towns of Ireland; and confifts of the
Irifh and Englith Town, the laft of which
is the principal. It once had a bifhop,
often let
ninit of
ey clam-
earch of
's. But
thod of
ading
k Whee
s are at
ninto a
ly ifland
1, in the
ng and
Dublin
King’s
n'the N
Cather-
contains
ibers ‘to
capital
th a bi- 4
Dublin.
e large
. ok es
of Pem.~
Lon.
ding of
turday,
© N of
Pn 7.
rkey in
ifland,
It was
Oy but
It is’
290 NE
E; lat.
) in the
g and
ather-
\ Tip-
ounty,
1S One
bntains
pers to
apital
is one
ercial
f the
which
ithop,
KIL
and the cathedral js yet fanding. It is
26 miles N of Waterford, and 54 sw of
Dublin. Lon. 6 55 wy, lat. 52 36 N.
KILLALA, a feaport of Ireland, in the
county of Mayo, with a bifhop’s fee. It
js 24 miles N of Caftlebar. Lon. 9 11
w, lat. 54.15 E. ;
KILLALOE, a-city of Freland, in the
county of Clare, with a bithop's fee,
feated on the Shannon, over which is a
bridge of 19 ayches. Here is a con-
fiderable falmon and eel Sthery. It is
so miles NNE of Limerick. Lon. 8 27
wy, lat. 52 50 .N.
KILLARNEY, 2 town of Ireland, in
the county of Kerry, on the fide of a
Jake of the fame name: Within half a
mile of this place are the ruins of the
cathedral of Aghadoe; an ancient bifhopric
united to Ardfert. It is 143 miles sw
of Dublin.
KILLARNEY, a beautiful lake of Ireland,
in the county of Kerry, otherwife called
Lough Lean, from its being furrounded
by high mountains. It is divided into
three parts; called-the Tower, Middle,
and Upper Lake. ‘The noythern, or
lower Take, is fix miles in length, and
from three to four in breadth. On the
fide of one of the mountains, is O'Sul-
livan’s Cafcade, which falls into the lake
with a roar that ftrikes the timid with
awe. The view of this fheet of water
is uncommonly fine, appearing as if it
were defcending from an arch of wood,
which overhangs it above 70 feet in
height from the y«int of view. The
iflands are not fo numerous in this as in
the upper lake; but there is’ one of un-
common pane called Innisfallen, nearly
oppofite O’Sullivan’s Cafcade. It con-
tains 18 Irifh acres; and the -coaft is
formed into a variety of baysand promon-
tories, fkirted and crowned with arbutus,
holly; and other fhrubs and trees. The
promontory of Mucrufs, which divides
the upper from the lower lake, is a
perfeé&t land of enchantment} and a
road is carried through the centre df this
promontory, ‘which unfolds all the interior
beauties of the place. Among the ciftant
mountains, Turk appears an object of mag-
hificence ; and Mangerton’s more lofty,
though lefs interefting fummit, foars above
the whole. The paflage to the upper
lake is round the extremity of Mucrufs,
Which confines it on one fide, and the ap-
proaching mountains on the other. Here
8 a celebrated rock, called the Eagle’s
Nett, which produces wordertul echoes : the
feport of a fingle cannon is anfwered by
KIL
a fucceffion of praie refembling the loudeft
thunder, which feems to travel the fur-
rounding {cenery, and die away among
the diftant mountains. The upper Inke
is four miles in length, and from two to
three in breadth, It is almoft furtounded
by mountains, from which defcend’a num.
ber of beautiful cafcades. The iflands in
this lake are numerous, and afford an
amazing variety of picturefqué views.
The centre lake, which communicates
with the upper, is fmall in comparifon
with the other two, and cannot boaft of
equal variety; but the fhores are, in
many places, indented with beautiful
bays, furrounded dark groves of
tvecs. “The B boundary is formed by the
bafe ‘of Mangerton, down the fteep fide
of whichdefcends a ca{cade, vifible for 1 50
yards. This fall of water is fupplied by
a circular lake near the fummit of the
mountain, called the Devil's’ Punch
Bow! ; which, on account of its immenfe
depth, and the continual overflow of water,
is confidered as one of the greateft curio-,
fities in Killarney, One of the’ beft pro-
bi whichthis admired lake affords, is
rom a rjfing ground near the ruined’ ca-
thedral of Ag adoe.
KILLEVAN, 2 town of Ireland, in the
county of Monhagan, eight miles sw of
Monaghan. Lon. 7 26 w, lat. 54 10 N,
KILLICRANKIE, a noted pafg in Perth-
fhire, near the junction of the Tumel
with the Garry. It is the grand en-
trance into the Highlands in thole
parts, and is formed by the lofty moun-
tains impending over ‘the Garry, which
rufhes through ina deep, darkfome, and
rocky channel, overhung with trees. In
the laft century, this was a pafs of much
difficulty and danger: a path hangin
over a tremendous precipice chreatenka
deftruction to the leaft falfe ftep of the
traveller. At prefent, a fine road gives
an eafy accefs to the remote Fiighlands ;
and the two fides are joined by a fine
arch. Near the n end of this pafs, in
its open and unimproved ftate, king
William’s army, whiter general Mackey,
was defeated, in 1689, by the Hi '*
landers, commanded by vifcount Dundee,
who was killed in the moment of viétcry.
KILLILeaGH, a borough of Ireland,
in the county of Down, feated on an arm
of Strangtord Lough, where thips may
be fheltered trom ail winds. It fuffered
much in the war of 1641; but it is now.
a thriving place, with a linen and thread
manufaQure Here is a caftte, formerly
the feat of the family of Hamilton, now
oad ((
ON
)
= ES on te z
ee
KiM
easle of Clanbraffil; and the celebrated
fir Hans Sloane was born in this town.
It is 80 miles N by £ of Dublin.
KILLINAULE, a town of Ireland, in
the county of Tipperary, 14 miles w of,
Clonmell, Lon, 7 26 w, lat. 52 27N.
KILLony, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Sligo, fix miles s of Sligo.
Lon. 8 25 w, a 54. 11 Ne
KiILLovcnu, or Port St, ANN, a
feaport of Ireland, in the county of Down,
fituate on the n of St. John’s Point, in
the Irith Sea. A rock ftands in the
middle of the entrance of its harbour,
covered at half flood; to the E.or w of
which is a secure paflage, the inlet lying
s by E, and N by W. Here is a) manu-
fatture of falt. It is 76 miles N/by £. of
Dublinw beiatt ah
KILLYBEGS, a borough of Ireland, in
the coynty of Donegal, with a {pacious
harbonr on the ;n fide of Donegal Bay.
Yt is 12 miles Nwof Ballyfhannon. Lon,
3 6W, late 54 40N..
‘Kiumac-THoMAS, a town of Ire-
land, in the county of Waterford, 42 miles
sE of Waterford, Lon.7 10.W, lat. 52
14.N- ;
KILMAINHAM, a town.of Ireland,
about half a mile from Dublin. It has a
feflion-houfe and a gaol; and here the
quarter feffions are held for the county of
Dublin, and the knights for the shire
ele&ted. It was fometimes the feat of
government, before the Caitle at Dublin
was appropriated to that purpofe.
KILMALLOCK, 2 borough ef Ireland,
in the county of Limerick, 18 miles s
of Limerick. Lon.8 34 .W, lat. 52 24 N.
KILMARNOCK, a populous town in
Ayrfhire, noted for its manufafture of
gloves, carpets, ftockings, nightcaps,
bonnets, and other woollen goods. It is
15 miles sw of Glafgow.
KILMORE, 2 town of Ireland, jn the
coynty of Cavan, with a bifhop’s fee, three
mitts sw of Cavan. Lon.7 11 Wy, lat.
54 2N.
KriiwortTh, a town of Ireland, in the
covnty of Cork, at the foet of Kilworth
mountains. Below the town runs the
river Funcheon, on which ftands the
coftle of Clough-leagh, which has ttocu
feven fieres.. Kilworth is 108 miles sw
ef Dublin. |
KiMBOLTON, a town in Huntingdon-
fhire, with a market on Friday. The
caftle (the feat of the duke of Manchefter)
has been much improved. ee Catha-
rine, after her divorce from Henry viu,
refided fome time in this caftle. It is
eight miles Nw of St. Neot’s, and 64 N
KIN
by w of London. Lon.o 18 W, Iat. sz
1 5 N.
KIMI, a town of Sweden, capital of a
province of the fame name, in E Bothnia,
at the mouth of the Kimi, which here
falls into the gulf of Bothnia, s0 miles
se of Tornea.
Kinsury, a fortrefs of the Ruffian
empire, at the mouth of the Dnieper, op-
polite Oczakow. In the laft war with
uflia, the Turks mace feveral attacks
upon jt by land and fea, but were finally
repulfed,
KINCARDINE-9-NIELy a village in
Aberdeenthjre, feated on the riyer Dee,
23 miles w of Aberdeen. ,
_KINCARDINESHIRE, or MEARNS, 2
county of Scotland, bounded on the N and
Nw hy Aberdeenthize, on the & by the
German Ocean, and on the sw by An-
gusthiye. Its ength along the coaft ig
39 miles; jts greateft breadth 20, The
only borough in jt is Inverbervie.
KINETON, a town in Warwi¢khhire,
with a market on Tuefday.. King John
kept his court in a caftle here. It is 10
niles Sse of Warwick, and 88 Nw of
London. Lon. 1 26 Ww, lat, 52 12 Ne
Kinc GEoRGE’s SounpD, the: name
given by captain Cook, in 1778, to the
harbouy which he difcovered on the w
coaft. of N America, at the mouth of a
great river, in lop. 126 48 w, and lat. 49
33. N. But the natives cal] it No@TKaA;
the name now generally adopted by the
Englith, The woods are compofed of the
Canadian pine, white cyprets, and two
or three other forts of pine; and, in ge-
neral, they are of a large fize. About
the rocks and borders of the woods, were
feen fome ftrawberry plants, and ra{p-
berry, currant, and goofeberry bufhes,
all in a flourifhing ftate. The principal
animals féen here were racoons, martens,
and {quirrels. Birds are far from being
numerous, and thofe that are to be feen
are remurkably fhy, owing, perhaps, to
their being continually harraffed by the
natives, either to eat them, or to wear
their feathers 9s ornaments. The que-
brantahueflos, thags, and gulls, were feen
off the coaft; and the laft two were alfo
frequent in the Sound. The ftature of
the natives is, in general, below the
common {tandard; but their perfons are
not proportionably flender, being ufually
pretty plump, though not mufcular. The
women are of the fame fize and form as
the men; nor is it eafy to diftinguihh,
them, as they poffefs no natural feminine
graces. Their bodies are always covered
with red paint ; but their faces are orna-
Jat. sz
tal of a
Sothnia,
ch here
}o miles
Ruffian
ery op-
ar with
attacks
: finally
Tage in
er Dee,
RNS, 2
e N and
by the
by An-
coait ig
» The
ekthirey
1g Johy
[t is 10
NW of
IN.
e name .
_ to the
the w
th of a
lat. 49
OTKA;
by the
1 of the
nd two
in ge-
Absut
by were
rafp-
mulie,
incipal
artens,
being
pe feen
ps, to
by the
D wear
que-
e feen
e alfo
re of
the
tually
ually
The
rm as
niguith,
inine
vered
orna-
KIN
mented with a variety of colours, a black,
a bright red, or a white colo; ; the laft
of which gives them a ghaftly appearance.
They are docile, courteous, and good-
natured ; but quick in refenting injuries,
and, like moft other patlionate people, as
quickly forgetting them. A rattle and a
{mall whittle are the only inftruments of
mufic that were feen among them. Their
houtes confit of very long broad planks,
refting upon the edges of each other, tied,
in different parts, with withes of pine-
bark. Their furniture confifts principally
ef chefts and boxes of various feed, iled
upon each other, at the fides or ends of
their houfes, in which are depofited their
rments, and whatever they deem valu-
able: they have alfo fquare and oblong
pails, bowls to eat their food out of, &ec.
The icrégularity and confufion of their
houfes is far exceeded by their naftinefs
and ftench. Every thing about the houfe
ftinks of trainoil, fifh, and fmoke; and
every part of it is as filthy as can be ima-
gined. In 1786, a finall affociation of
Britith merchants, refident in the E In-
dies, formed the project of opening a
trade to this place, tor {upplying the Chi-
nefe market with furs, and took meafures,
a 1788, to fecure themfelves a permanent
fettlement ; but the Spaniards being jea-
‘lous of the intrufion of the Englifh into a
part of the world, which they had long
regarded as their exclufive property, fent
a trigate from Mexico to put an end to
this commerce. The frigate arrived in
Nootka Sound in May 1789, and, in July
following, captured two Englith veffels,
at the fame time taking polleffion of the
fettlement that had been formed upon the
coaft. The Britifh miniftry, on receiving
intelligence of this traniaction, imme-
diately ordered a powertul armament to
give weight to their demand of repara-
tion; but the affair was amicably termi-
mated by a convention, in 1790.
KINGHORN, a feaport in Fifefhire,.
on the trith of Forth, nine miles nN of
Leith, on the oppofite fide of the frith.
KINCSBRINGE, a town in Devonfhire,
with a market o1 Saturday. Jt is feated
at the head of a imall inlet of the Englith
Channel, 34 miles s by w of Exeter, and
218 wsw of London. Lon. 3 48 w lat.
§°0 20 N. a
Kincssury, a village in Herts, to
the n of St. Alban’s, once famous for a
palace of the Saxon kings.
KinescLear, a town in Hamphhire,
with a market on Tuefday. It was the
refidencé of fore of our Saxon kings, and
is pine miley Nw of Bafingftoke, aod 56
KIN
w by s of London. Lon. 1 9 w, lat. 5a
20 N,
Kino’s Country, a county of Ireland,
in the province of Leinfter, 38 miles long
and 30 broad; lgunded on the N by W
Meath, on the E by Kildare, on the s by
een’s-County and Tipperary, and on
the w by the Shannon, which divides it
from Rofcommon, Galway, and another
part of Tipperary. It contains 56
pavifhes, and fends fix members to parlia-
ment. It is not forich as fome of the
other counties, nor is it fo well inhabited.
The capital is Philipftown.
Kinc’s LANGLY, 2 village in Herts,
five miles w of St. Alban's. It received
its name from a royal palace built by
Henry 111, the ruins of which are to be
feen. Richard 11 was buried in its mo-
naftery, but removed, by Henry v, to
Wettminfter.
KINGSTEIN, a ftrong fortrefs of Nor-
way. See FREDERICSTADT.
KINGSTON, the county-town of Ulfter,
in the ftate of New York, feated on the
Eufopus Kill, or creek, the mouth of
which is nearly two miles Ww of Hudfon’s
River.
KINGSTON, a town of Jamaica, on
the n fide of the bay of Port-Royal. It
was built after the great earthquake in
1692, is a place of good trade, and is
much reforted to by merchants and fea-
men, moft of the fhips coming to load and
unload their cargoes here. Lon. 76 52
Ww, lat. 17 50 N.
Kincston UPON HuLL. See Hutu.
KINGSTON UPON THAMES, a corpo-
rate town in Surry, with a market on
Saturday. A great national council was
held herein the year 838, at which Eg-
bert, the firft king of all England, and
his fon Athelwolf, were pretent ; and
feveral of the Saxon monarchs were
crowned here. This town fent members
to parliament in the reigns of the fecond
and third Edward; but it ceafed after-
ward, in confequence of a pet!) 04 from
the corporation praying to be releafed
from the burden. Queen Elifabeth
founded here a freefchool; and the Lent
affizes are conftantly held at this place.
The wooden bridge, over the Thames,
is the moft ancient on that river, except
London Bridge; and the corporation have
a revenue for its fupport. It is 11 miles
sw of London. Lon.o 12 wy, lat. 5x
27N.
K1n.G-TE-TCHING, a town of China,
in the province of Kiang-fi and diftria
of Jao-tcheou'fou. It is famous for its
beautiful porcelain, is computed to con-
So Si
=<
we
KIO
tain a millicn of inhabitants, and extends
a league and a half along the banks of a
river, which here forms a kind of har-
bour, about a league in circumference.
Kinross, a borough in Kinrofsthire,
feated on a plain fkreened on.the nN by the
Ochil Hills, and not far w of Loch
Leven. Its manufactures are linen, and
_fome cutlery ware; and it. is 20 miles N
of Edinburgh. Lon. 3 22 w, lat. 56
15 .N.
KINROSS-8HIRE, acounty of Scotland,
furrounded by the fhires of Perth and
Vife. It is about 30 miles in circuit,
its length and breadth being nearly equal ;
and fends one. meinber to parliament, al-
ternately with the county of Clackman-
nin,
KINSALE, a feaport and borough of
Treland, in the county of Cork. ft isa
populous trading place, and has an ex-
cellent harbour, 14 miles s of Cork.
Lon. 8 26 w, lat. 51 41 N.
KinTaib, a peninfula in Rofshhire,
between Loch Garron and Lech Duich.
It forms the sw corner of the county.
K1N-TCHEOU-FOU, a city of China,
in the province of Hou-quang. Its dif-
tri& contains two cities ot the fecond, and
a1 of the third cla{s.
KIN-TCHING, the capital of the ifland
ot Lieou-kieou, in the China Sea, and of
all the iflands under that appellation, The
king's palace, reckoned to be four leagues
in circumference, is built on a neighbour-
ing mountain. Kin-tching is feated in
Cheonli, the s part of the ifland, Lon.
127 30 Ey lat. 26 2N.
KinTORE, a borough in Aberdeenhhire,
10 miles w by nN of Aberdeen. Lon. 2
5 Ww, lat. 57 8.
Kior, a town of Poland, in a palati-
nate of the fame name, with an arch-
bifhop’s fee, and a caitle. It is the
capital of the Ruffian government of
Kiof, and carries ona contiderable trade.
It. is divided into the Old and New Town,
and feated on the w fide of the Dnieper,
180 miles NE of Kaminicek, and 335 &
by s of Wariaw. Lon. 31 51 E, lat. 50
BON.
Kior, or Kiow, a government of the
Ruffian empire, being part of the Ukraine,
or Little Ruffia. It hes on the £ fide of
the Dnieper, although Kiof, the capital,
is on the w fide. It was once a duchy,
belonging to the great dukes of Ruflia,
and Kiot was their capital. This country
was conquered by the Tartars, and came
again into the poffeffion of the great dukes,
but was overrun and pofleiled by the
' Ceffasks, under the protection of Poland,
KIR
In 1664, the natives, difcontented with
John Cafimir, king of Poland, fubmiited
to Ruffia, and have ever fince remained
fubje&t'to that empire. The vatt privi-
leges that they enjoyed have been gradually
abolifhed, and they are now reduced to
the fame ftate as the other provinces of the
Ruffian empire. This government con-
tains eleven diftriéts; and its principal
rivers are the Dnieper, Defna,- Ofter,
Udai, Sula, Pfol, and Trubeth.
Kor, or Krow, a palatinate of Po-
land, in that part of the Ukraine which
lies on the w fide of the Dnieper. It
contains only two diffricts, and feveral
{mall towns {carcely worthy of notice ; its
capital, Kiof, being fubjeé& to Ruflia.
X10-FEOU, a city of China, in the
provines of Chang-tong and diftri& of
7en-tcheou-fou. It is celebrated as the
birthplace of Confucius, feveral monu-
ments to whofe memory are ftill to be
feen here.
Kioce, or Kocg, a feaport of Den-
mark, in the ifle of Zealand, 10 miles s
of Copenhagen. Lon. 12 406, lat. 59
31 N.
KI0PING, a town of Sweden, in Wer-
meland, feated on a fmall ftream, that
falls at a iittle diftance into the lake
Maeler. Lon. 16 qo, lat. 59 38 N.
KirRBY-LONSDALE, a town in Weft-
morland, with a market on Thurfday.
It is feated on the Lon, over which is
a ftone bridge, 10 miles se of Kendal,
and 253 NW of London. Lon. 2 57 w,
lat. 543.
KiIRBy-MOooRSIDE, a town in the nN
riding of Yorkfhire, with a market on
Wednefday. It is feated on the edge of
the moors, near the river Dow, 25 miles
n of York, and 225 N by w of London.
Lon. 1 3.w, lat. 54 20N,
KIRBY-STEPHEN, a town in Weft-
morland, with a market on Monday. It
is feated near the fkirts of the hills,
which feparate this county from York-
fhire, and has a manufacture of flock-
ings. It is nine miles s of Appleby,
and 281 NNW of London, Lon.2 30 w,
lat. 54 26.
KIRCHBERG, a town of the cirele of
Suabia, capital of a territory of the fame
name, fubject to the houfe of Auftria.
It is feated on the Danube, nine iniles 8
of Ulm. Len. 10 12 £y lat. 48 16 N.
KiRin, one of the three departments
of E Chinefe ‘Tartary, bounded on the N
by the river Saghalien, on the Eby the
fea of Japan, on the s by Coreay and on
the w by Leaotong. This country, which
is sxtremely cold, from the number of
ented with
fubmitted
> remained
vatt privi-
1 gradually
reduced to
nees of the
ment con-
3 principal
na, Ofter,
ate of Po-
aine which
leper. It
ind feveral
notice ; its
Ruilia,
na, in the
diftrit of
ted as the
ral monu-
{till to be
t of Den-
10 miles s
E, lat. 59
1) in Wer-
eam, that
the lake
38N.
1 in Weft-
Phurfday,
which is
’ Kendal,
«2 57 Ws,
in the n
arket on
e edge of
25 miles
Lendon,
in Weft-
day. It
he hills,
im York.
of ftock.
Appleby,
2 30 Wy
cirele of
the faine
Auftria.
é miles 8
16N,
artments
on the N
E by the
y and-on
s which
mber of
KIR
forefts by which it is covered, is {carcely
inhabited. It contains only two or three
ill built cities, furrounded by mud walls.
The valuable plant ginfeng grows here ;
and the emperor fénds hither the criminals
banifhed by the laws.
Krein, the capital of the province of
Kirin, in E Chinefe Tartary, fituate on
the river Songari, which is here called
Kirin. It is the refidence of a Mantchew
general, who is invefted with the autho-
rity of a viceroy.
KiIRKCALDY, a feaport in Fifehhire,
en the frith of Forth, with a dockyard
for {mall veffels, and a filk manufaéture.
It is 10 miles N of Leith. Lon. 3 8 w,
lat. 56 BN.
KIRKCUDBRIGHT, 4 feaport in Kirk-
cudbrightihire, at the mouth of the river
Dee. It has‘a fine harbour, with depth
of water fufficient to admit fhips of any
burden to come up to the town, and yet
has but an inconfiderable trade. It is 60
miles w of Carlifle, and 83 sw of Edin-
burgh. Lon. 4 8w, lat. 55 oN,
KIRKCUDBRIGHTSHIRE, a county or
ftewartry of Scotland, which once formed,
with Wigtonfhire, the ancient province
ot Galloway. It is bounded on the ne
by Ayrihire and Dumtrieshhire, on the s
by Solway Frith and the Trith Sea, and
on the w by Wigtonfhive and Ayrfhire.
Its extent from N to s is 30 miles, from
BtoW45.
KIRKHAM, a town in Laneafhire, with
a market on Tuelday. It has a confider-
able manufa&ture of failcloth, and is
feated at the mouth of the Ribble, 18
miles s of Lancafter, and 223 NNW of
London, Lon. 2 58W, lat. 53 46N.
KIRKLEES, a village in the W riding
of Yorkfhire, fituaté on the Calder, three
miles from Huddersfield. In the park
near it, is the monument of the famous
Robin Hood; and on the adjacent moor
are two hills, called Robin Hood's Butts,
KIRKOSWALD, 2 town in Cumber-
land, with a market on Thurfday. It is
feated on a hill, near the river Eden, nine
iniles N by £ of Penrith, and 292 Nw
of London. Lon. 2 48 wy, lat. 54 48 N.
KIRKPATRICK, a town in Dumhar-
tonfhire, lying & of Dumbarton. It is
faid to be the birthplace of the tutelary
faint of Ireland. The veftiges of the
Roman wall, built by Antoninus, extend
from the frith of Clyde at this place, to
the frith of Forth.’ It is called, by the
country people, Gyaham’s Dike.
KIRKWALL, a borotigh of. Scotland,
capital’ of Mainland, the principal of
the Orkney iflands, It is built on an
KIT
inlet of the fea on the £ fide of the ifland 5
and the moft ftriking object is the ftately
cathedral of St. Magnus. It is 30 miles
NE of Thurfo, in Caithnesthire. Lon. 2
57.W, lat. 58 s4N.
KirTON, a town in Lincolnfhire, with
a market on Saturday, 20 miles N of
Lincoln, and 151 N by w of London.
Lon. o 28 wy lat. 53 33 N.
KismisH, an ifland of Afia, at the
entrance of the gulf of Perfia, 50 miles in
length and five. in breadth. It is fertile
and well-inhabited, and has been remark.
able for its pearl fifhery. Its B end is 12
miles s of Gombroon.
Kisri, one of the feven Cancafian na-
tions, that inhabit the countries between
the Black Sea and the Cafpian. This na-
tion extends from the highett ridge of
Caucatus, along the Sundfha rivulets.
They are bounded on the w by Little
Cabarda, to the £ by the Tartars and
Lefguis, and to the s by the Lefcuis
and Georgians. They confift of fixteen
ditferent diftriéts or tribes, which are
generally at variance with each other, and
with their neighbours. Thofe belonging
to the diftrié&ts of Wapi, Angufht, and
Shalka, fubmiited to Ruilia in 1770.
The Thetthen tribe is fo numerous and
warlike, and has given the Ruffians fo
much trouble, thatits name is ufually given
by, them to the whole Kifti nation: The
Ingufhi, who are capable of arming above
s600 men, live in villages near each
other: they are diligent hufbandmen,
and rich in cattle. Many of their vil-
lages have a ftone tower, which ferves in
time of war, as a retreat to their Women
and children, and a magazine for their
effects. Thefe people are all armed, and
have the cuttom of wearing fhields.. Their
religion is very fimple, but has fome traces
of Chriitianity. They believe in one
God, whom they call Dailé, but have no
faints or religious perfons. They cele-
brate Sunday, not by any religious cere-
mony, but by reiting from labour. They
have a fatt in fpring, and another in fum-
mer; but oblerve no ceremonies either
at births or deaths. They allow of poly-
gamy, and eat pork.
Kistna, a river of Hindooftan, whieh
rifes on the §£ fide of the Cuts, forms
the boundary between the Decean and the
Penintula, and falls into the bay of Bex:
gal, s of Matulipatain.
Kirrery, a town of the United States
of America, iff the ditri® of Main. Te
‘is famots for thip-building, and is feated
‘on the Refide of the mouth of Pifeatayna
River,
&
* &O8
Kiun-TcHEOU-FOU, the capital of
the ifland of Hainan, feated on its Nn coaft,
eppofite to the province of Quanf-tong,
in China. ‘Tt ftands on a proniontory,
and fhips often anchor at the bottom of
its walls. Its diftri€t contains three cities
of the fecond, and ro of the third clafs.
KLaTTaw, a town of Bohemia, 46
miles sw of Prague. Lon. 14 6£, lat.
§° 30 N. :
KLETTENBERG, a town of Swiffer-
Jand, feated on the Aar, three miles from
Waldfchut. The fpiritual jurifdiction
belongs to the bifhop of Conftance; the
fovereignty tothe cantons. Lon. 8 128,
lat. 47 35 N. |
KLuUNDERT, a ftrong fortrefs of the
United Provinces, in, Holland, near the
arm of the fed, called Hollands Diep. It
was taken by the French, in 1793, after
a gallant refiftance ; but they were obliged
to evacuate it foon after. It is nine miles
SE of Williamftadt.
KNAPDALE, a mountainous diftri& in
Argylethire, adjoining to Argyle Proper,
and connected on the s by a narrow neck
of land, to the peninfula of Cantyre.
KNARESBOROUGH, a borough in the
W riding of Yorkbhire, with a market on
Wednefday. It is feated on a rugged
rock, where there was a caftle, and afeoit
encompaffed by the river Nid. Here is a
famous fpring, called the Dropping Well,
which falls in drops from the top of arock,
- and the water is of a very ftrong petrifying
‘quality. Knarefborough fends two mem-
bers to parliament, and is 18 miles w by
N of York, and 211 N by w of London.
Lon. 1 26 w, lat. 54 5 N.
KNIGHTON, 2 commercial town in
Radnorfhire, witha market on Thurfday,
feated on the Tend, 14 miles w of Here-
ford, and 135 nw of London. Lon, 2
46w, lat. 52 13...
KNIGHTSBRIDGE; a village in Mid-
dlefex, the firft from London on the great
weftern road. Here is an infirmary for
the fick and wounded, called St. George’s
Hofpital ; anda confiderable manufagture
of painted floor-cloths. .
KNOTSFORD, a town in Chefhire,
with a market on Saturday. Thete are
two towns of this name pretty near tee
ther, called the Higher and Lower.
the higher is the parifh church, and in the
lower'a chapel of eafe. They are feven
miles NE of Northwich, and 173 NNW
ef London. Lon. 2 28.w, lat. 53 20N.
KOANG-FIN-FOU, a city of China, in
the province of Kiang-fi. Its jurifdiction
contains feven cities of the third clafs.
. Kony, called by the Chinefé Cuamo,
KON
4 vaft defert of Chinefe Tartary, whieh
occupies almoft all the s extremity of the
country of the Kalkas, It is more than
100 leagues from z to W, and almoft as
much from WN to Ss.
Koxt-TcHEOU, one of the finalleft
provinces in China, bounded on the s by
Quang-fi, on the E by Hon-quang, on
the n by Se-tchuen, and on the w by
Yun-nan. It contains 10 cities of the
firft rank, and 38 of the fecond and third,
and is full of inacceffible mountains. It
is almoft a defert: and may juftly be
called the Siberia of China, ‘The inhabi-
tants are mountaineers, accuftomed to in~
dependence, and who feem to form a fepa-
rate nation: they are no lefs ferocious than
the favage animals among which they
live. This province produces the belt
horfes in China. Befide Koei-yang, the
capital, it contains nine cities of the firft,
and 38 of the fecond and third clafs.
KoklI-TCHEOU-FOU, a commercial
city of China, in the province of Se-tchuen.
Its diftri€t contains one city of the fecond
clafs, and nine of the third.
KOEI-YANG, the capital of the pro-
vince of Koei-tcheou, in China. The
remains of temples and palaces {till an-
nounce its former magnificence. It is
420 miles Nw of Canton,
Ko 1a, a town of the Ruffian govern-
ment of Archangel, capital of Ruffian
Lapland. It has a good harbour on the
river Kola, near a bay of the fame name
in the Frozen Ocean. Lon. 32 26 &, lat.
68 34.N.
KoLyVAN, a government of the Ruf-
fian. empire, comprehending a part of
Weltern Siberia, and formerly included
in the government of Tobolik. Its capital,
of the fame name, is feated on the Oby,
near the mouth of the Berda, and was
known, before the inftitution of this go-
vernment, under the name of Berdskoi
Oftrog, This country has very produc-
tive filver mines, which have been called
the Potofi of Ruffia. ‘They lie between
the Oby and Irtyfh, near the mountains
which form the frontiers of Siberia,
and feparate that country from Chinefe
Tartary.
KONGSBERG, a town of Southern
Norway, celebrated for its filver mines.
It lies on both fides of the river Lowe,
and contains, including the miners, 6000
inhabitants. Thefe mines,, which lie
about two miles from the town, were firft
difcovered and worked, during the reign
of Chriftian IV. Kongfberg is 45 miles
sw of Chiitiania, Lon, 9 sok, lat. 59
4a Ny
6) whieh
ity of the
iore than
iulmoft as
finalleft
the s by
ang, on
le W by
s of the
nd third,
ins. It
juftly be
: inhabi-
ed to in-
na fepa-
eus than
ch they \
the beft 4
ing, the
the firtt,
fs.
mercial
tchuen.
e fecond \\
€ name
e Ruf-
art of
hcluded
apital,
e Oby,
d was
MS PO.
rdikoi
roduc-
called
tween
ntains
iberia,
hinefe
thern
ines.
LOW,
6000
h lie
firft
reign
miles
t. §9
KON
KONCSWINGER, a town of Norway,
on the frontiers of Sweden. It is feated
near the river Glomme, at*the foot of a
fteep rock, on which ftands an impregna-
ble citadel; at leaft, Charles x11, who
reconnoitred it, thought it prudent to
decline the attempt.
KONG-TCHANG-FOU, a city of China,
in the province of Chen-fi, It is fur-
rounded by inacceffible mountains, where
a tomb is feen, which the Chinefe pre-
tend to be that of Fo-hi. Its diftri&
contains three cities of the fecond, and
feven of the third clafs. It is 700 miles
sw of Pekin.
KONINGSBERG, 2 town of Franconia,
belonging to the houfe of Saxe- Weimar,
three miles NE of Schweinfurt. Lon. 10
448, lat. 50 5N.
KONINGSBERG, a town of Upper
Saxony, in the marquifate of Branden-
burg, 47 miles s of Stetin. Lon. 14 40
ky lat. §2 SON.
- KONINGSBERG, the capital of Pruffia,
with a univerfity, and a ma gnbeant
palace, in which is a hall 274 feet long,
and sg broad, without pillars to fupport
it, ana a handfome library. The town-
houle, the exchange, and the cathedral,
are fine ftruétures. The tower of the
cattle is very high, and has 284 fteps to
the top, whence there is an extenfive
profpect. Here are 18 churches, of which
14. belong to the Lutherans, three to the
Calvinifts, and one to the papifts. The
town is five miles in circumfcrence, and,
including the garrifon of 7000 men, con-
tains 60,000 inhabitants. It ftands on
the Pregel, ‘which here falls into the
Frifche Haf, an inlet of the Baltic. No
fhips drawing more than feven feet water
can pafs the bar, and come up to the
town; fo that the large veflels anchor at
Pilla, a fall town on the Baltic, which
is the port of Koningfberg; and the mer-
chandife is fent in imaller veffels to this
place. The trade of Koningfberg is
very confiderable. It is 62 miles NE of
Elbing, and 125 N of Warfaw. Lon. 20
558, lat. 54 42. |
KoNINGSGRATZ, a town of Bohe-
mia, with a bifhop’s fee, feated on the
Elbe, 35 miles sw of Glatz, and 115 N
by w of Vienna, Lon. 16 88, lat. so
@N.
KonINcSHOFEN, 4 ftrong town of
Franconia, with a bifhop’s fee, 25 miles
nNw of Bamberg. Lon. 10 46 &, lat. 50
24N.
KONINGSTEIN, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in the territory of Mifnia, with an
impregnable fort. It is a place of con.
KOR
" finement for fate prifoners, and is feated
cn the Elbe, 10 miles sz of Pyma, and
10 sw of Drefden. Lon.33 432, lat.
§1 2N.
Koninestein, a town of Germany,
in the circle of the Lower Rhine, and
archbifhopric of Mentz, with a ftrong
fort, 12 miles NE of Mentz. It furren.
dered to the French, July 22, 1796. Lon.
8 25 Wy, lat.50 5N.
KONINGSTUTER, 2 town of Ger-
many, with a celebrated abbey, in the
territory of Brunfwick - Wolfenbuttle.
Lon. 11 78, lat. 52 25N.
Konitz, a town of Weftern Prufiia,
to miles Nw of Culm, and 50 sw of
Dantzic. Lon. 18 168, lat. 53 36N.
Kopys, a fortified town of Lithuania,
feated on the Dnieper, 18 miles N of Mo-~
hilef. Lon. 31 28, lat. 54 32N.
Koriacs, a nation of Afia, tributary
to the Ruffians. There are two forts of
Koriacs. Thofe who are properly called
by that name have a fixed refidence: the
others are wanderers, and are known by
the appellation of Raindcer Koriacs.
Their flocks are numerous, and they
maintain them by conduéting them to
thofe cantons that abound with mofs.
When thefe paftures are exhaufted, they
feck for others. In this manner they
wander about, encamping under tents of
fkin, and {upporting themfelves with the ©
produce of their deer, which are as fer-
viceable for draught to the Koriacs, as
the dogs are tothe Kamtfchadales. There
is, in many refpects, a great refemblance
between the fixed and the wandering Ko-
riacs: yet the little cordiality, or rather
the mifunderftanding, that fubfifts among
them, caufes them to be confidered ‘as
two different people. Their country,
however, is the fame, and takes in a vaft
extent, terminated to the § by Kamtf-
chatka and the gulf of Pengina, to the E |
by the country of the Oluteriang, to the
N by that of the Tehoukchis, and to the
w by the Tongoufes, the Lamouts, and
the Yakouts. The number of fixed
Koriacs {careely exceeds nin: hundred 5
and though it is not eafy to calculate
that of the wandering Koriacs, it is ima-
gined that they do not much furpafs this
amount. The manners of the former are
a mixture of suplicy, miftruft, and
avarice. .They have all the vices of the
northern nations of Afia, without their
virtues. Robbers by nature, they are
fufpicious, cruel, incapable either of bene-
volence or pity. Nothing but prefents can
excite their attention, er roufe their ac-
tivity. From gi perfidious apd favage
tan tt LEP AIS DOBLE OL APNE I AEE Ba
ee
7 iit
a
‘i
a
1h aa
KOR
difpofition, it would not be eafy for them
td live in peace, of form any durable ties
with their neighbours. Hence their con-
tinual. infurreétions againft the Ruffians,
their atrocious robberies, their daily in-
curfions on the people who furround them ;
hence the refpective animofities and re-
venge that inceffantly {pring vr This
ftate of war foments in every individual.a
ferocious fpirit. The practice of. attack-
ing, and of csieiag themfelves, ereates
in them an inflexible courage, that de-
lights in perpetual combats, and glories
ina contempt of life. Superftition lends
its aid to ennoble in their eyes this thirft
of blood, by impofing a law that obliges
them to conquer or todie. Neither the
bravery, nor the number of their adver-
faries, can at‘all intimidate them: it is
then they {wear to defiroy the fun. They
difcharge-this terrible oath by cutting the
throats of their wives and children, burn-
ing all their poffeflions, and rufhing madly
into the midft. of their enemies. ‘The
combat cannot’ terminate but by the total
deftruction of ‘one of the parties ; for the
vanquifhed’ never feek their fafety by
flight, and not a Koriac will. furvive the
flaughter of his countrymen.” Their re-
gular occupation is hunting and fifhing ;
but every ieafon will not permit them to
follow it. During thefe intervals, fhut
up in their deep habitations, they fleep,
fmoke, and get drunk. Thoughtle{s of
the future, without regret for the paft,
they come not out of their yourts till.the
moft urgent neceflity compelsthem. Thefe
yourts are‘larger than thofe of the Kamtti-
, chadales, and are diftributed nearly in the
fame manner; but their ‘filthinefs is more
difgufting, for there is neither door, nor
vent-hole for the finoke. They live,
like the Kamt:chadales, upon dried fith,
and the flefh and fat of the whale and
feawolf. The whale is commonly eaten
raw, and the feawolf dried and cooked in
the fame manner as their fith, except the
finews, the marrow, the brain, and now
and then a flice of the flefh, which they:
devour raw with extreme avidity. Rain-
deer is their favourite difh. Vegetables
alfo form a part of their food: they ga-:
ther in autwmn various fort of berries,
KOR
The features-of the majority ef the Ko-
riacs are not Afiatie; and they might be:
confidered as Europeans, but for their
low ftature, their ill fhape, and the co-
lour of their fkin. The other Koriacs
have the fame chraracteriftic owtlines as
the Kamtfchadales. Among the women,
particularly, there are very few who have
not funk eyes, flat nofes, and prominent
cheeks. he men are pron entirely
beardlefs, and have fhort hair. The
women carry their children in a kind of-
neft or bafket arched over, in which the
infant is placed in a fitting pofture, and
fheltered trom the weather. Among their
ftrange cuftoms, is the probation to which
a young man fubjects himfelf when he is
defirous of marrying. As foon.as he has
fixed his choice, he waits upon the rela-
tions of his miftrefs, and offers to drudge
for them. ‘The woman is. immediately
enveloped in a multiplicity of garments,
which conceal her to {uch a degree, that
the face. itlelf is. fearcely vifible. She is
not left alone for a fingle inftant ; her
mother, and a number of old matrons,
accompany her wherever fhe goes. The
aim of the:lover, is to touch her naked.
body, the only way by which he ean ob-
tain her. In the mean time, he executes,
with zeal and fubmiffion, all the funétions.
that the relations impefe upon him. Be-
come, as it were, the flave of the family,
he-is employed in all the domeftic labours,
to cut wood, fetch water, provide ice,
&c. In his leifure moments, at liberty’
to fee and approach his miftrefs, he er-
deavours fo merit her affection by fome
fly attempt to obtain a touch; but, from.
the number and thicknefs of her: garments,
and the refiftance of her relations, it is
frequently not till after the expiration of
two or three years, that he obtains His.
end. Elate with his victory, he flies to
inform the relations of his fuccefs. ‘The
witneffés are {ummoned, ¢.'d the young
lady interrogated. Her confeffion is ne-
ceflary, as well as fome proof that the
was taken by furprife, and made fruitlefs
efforts to defend herfelf. ‘The: conqueror
being now freed from his labours, he
makes his court without reftraint to his fu-
ture wife, who is not perhaps forry to find
of a part of which they makea refrefhing: hérfelf delivered from her cumberfome
and kneaded with the eil of the whale or
feawolf. Their paflion for firomg liquors,
increafed ‘by the ditficulty@E *procurin
brandy, has: led them to inveht a-drin
equally potent; which they extraé&t from
a red mufhroom, knowit in’ Ruffia asa
itrong poifon by the nme of moukhamerr,
te
beverage, and the'reft is bruifed:to powder”. attire. This fecond {tage of courthhip is
feldom very long; the damfel, in the
prefence of the family, foon gives her
confent, and nothing more ig tequifite te
entitle him to all the claims of a fufband.
A plurality of wives is not allowed among
the Koriacs ; although there have been
_inftances of its being piattifed without’
the Ko--
might be
for their
d the co.
Koriacs
ftlines as
¢ women,
who have
rominent
; entirely
re The
: kind of.
vhich the
ture, ae
ong their
fo which,
rhen he is
as he has
the rela-
o drudge
mediately.
yarments,
free, that
. She is
ant; her
matrons,
es. The
er naked.
e can ob-
executes,
functions.
im. Be-
1e family,
c labour
vide ice,
at liberty:
» he en-
by fome
but, from.
rarments,
DS, it is
ation of
tains His
e flies to
is. The
ec young :
on is ne-
that fhe
fruitlefs
onqueror
bours, he
to his fu-
ry to find
nberfome
urtfhip is
» in the
bives her
uifite te
ufband.
ed among
have beén
without’
KOR
fcruple. Their funeral rites have a ftrik-
ing fimilarity to the ancient inititutions
0 peganiiing {till obierved by various
uncivilized people of the new hemifphere.
When a Koriac dies, his relations .and
neighbours affemble to pay him their laft
refpeéts. They ereét a funeral pile, upon
which they place a portion of the wealth
of the deceafed, and a ftock of provifi-
ons, confifting.of raindcer, fith, brandy,
in fhort, whatever they conceive he will
want for his great journey, and to keep
him from ftarving in the other world. If
it be a wandering Koriac, his dee? con-
duét him to the pile; if a refident Ko-
riac, he is drawn by his dogs, or carried by
his relations. The body is exhibited,
clothed in his beft attire, and lying in a
kind of coffin. There it receives the
adieu of the attendants, who, with torches
in their hands, confider it as an honour
fpeedily to reduce their relation or friend
to afhes. They feel only the regret of
a, fhort abfence, and not of an eternal
feparation. ‘They wearno mourning ; and
the funeral pomp terminates in a {cene
of intemperance, where the fumes of their
liquor and tobacco gradually efface the
remembrance of death. ‘They acknow-
ledge a fupreme being, the creator of all
things. He inhabits the fun, whofe
burning orb they confider as the throne
or pglace of the Lord of Nature, whom
they probably confound with that celeftial
fire, which is fuppofed to be his dwel-
ling. They neither fear nor worfhip
him: goodnefs, they fay, is his eflence ;
all the good that exifts in the world pro-
ceeds from him; and it is impoffible he
fhould do an injury. The principle of
evil they confider as a malignant {pirit,
who divides. with the good being the em-
pire of nature. As the one is intent on
the happinefs of mankind, the other en-
@gavours to render them unhappy. Di:-.
eafes, tempefts, famine, calamities of every
kind, are his work, and the inftruments of
his vengeance. It is to pacify his wrath,
that they facrifice their perfonal intereft,
and have recourfe to devotion. They
offer to him various animals, the firft-
fruits of their hunting and fifhing, and
whatever they poffefs that is moft valu.
able; but there is no temple fet apart for
his votaries, who conceive that they ren-
dered him propitious by pioufly gettin
drunk ;ia their yourts3 for drunkennefg
is become with thefe people a religious
practice, and the bafis of all their folem-
nities.
Korsaw, or Kosoa, a town of
Denmark, in the ifle‘of Zealand, with a
KRE
fort, 45 miles w by 3 of Copenhagen.
Lon. 11 108, lat. §5 29 N.
Kosat, or Kosta, a fortified town
of Silefia, near the river Oder, 17 miles
N of Ratifbon. Lon. 17 54'8, lat. 50
26N.
Kostroma, a government of the Ruf
fian empire, formerly included in that of
Moicow. It is divided into the pro-
vinces of Koftroma and Untha. he
capital of the former is Koftroma, feated
at the mouth of the Volga; the capital of
the fecond is Makarief, fituate on the
Unhha.
Kovuzi-TE-Fov, a city.of China, in
the province of Ho-nan. The inhabi-
tants are remarkably mild, and treat
ftrangers with uncommon bofpitality.
This city is feated between two large
_Yivers.
Kowno, a town of Lithuania, feated
on the Wilna and Niemen, 40 miles w
of Wilna. Lon. 24 12 8, lat. 54 56 Ne
KRAANENBERG, a town of the duchy
of Cleves, feated on the declivity of a
hill, beqween Nimeguen and Cleves. Its
name, which fignifies Crane-hill, is de-
rived from the number of cranes that
ufed to affemble round the caftle, when
the adjacent plain was a mora{s. It is
celebrated for an image of the Virgin,
pretended to be miraculous.
KRaInBuRG, a town of Bavarias
feated on the Inn, 35 miles 2 of Munich.
KRraInBurRG, a town of Germany,
in the duchy of Carniola, feated on the
Save, 18 miles Nw of Laubach: i
KRAINOWITZ, a town of Upper Silefia,
between Ratibor and Troppaw. Lon. 17
49 £, lat. 507 N.
KRAINSLAW, a town of Poland, in,
the province of Red Ruffia and palatinate.
of Chelm, i110 miles sz of Warfawe
Lon. 23 o£, lat.g1 15 Ne
KREKITH, a corporate town in Car-
narvonfhire, with a market on Wednef-
day. It is feated on the Irifh. Sea, near
Traeth-Amawer Bay, where a Cattle
formerly ftood, now in ruins. It is 13
miles s by £ of Carnarvon, and 237
Nw of London. Lon. 4 18 w, lat. 53.
57 N.
Krempsn, a ftrong town of Den-
mark, in Holftein, with a caftle. It ig
five miles n of Gluckftadt, and 30 NW
of Hamburg. Lon. 9 158, lat. §3 58N.
Krems, a town of Auftria, feated
on the Danube, 35 miles w' of Viennae
Lon. 15 408, lat. 48.18 N.
Krguzexacn, & town of Germanyy,.
in the circle of the Lower Rhine, witha
caftle, on an eraDRNeEs It was once ag
2
K U B
imperial city, and is feated on the Nahe,
20 miles sw of Mentz.
KRuMLAW, a town of Germany, in
Moravia, 50 miles*sw of Olmutz. Lon.
16 49 £, lat.g846N, °° 2)
KrvuTz0w, a ftrong town of Lithu-
ania, feated on the Sotz; 30 miles sw of
Mozciflaw. Lon. 32 4, lat.'54 8N.
KRrYLow, @ {trong town ot Poland,
in the palatinate of Kiof, feated on the
Dnieper, 140 miles sz of Kiofs Lon. 33
50 £, lat. 48 5@N. ;
KuBeEsHa; a ftrong town of Afia;‘in
the country of the Lefguis, fituate on a
hill, between high mountains. Its inha-
bitants call themfelves Franki (Franks,
a Tgme common in the £ to all Euro-
peans) and relate, that their anceftors.
were brought hither by fome accident,
the particulars of which are. forgotten.
The common conjecture is, that they
were caft away upon the coaft; but others
fay, that the Greeks and the Genoele
carried on, during feveral centuries, a
confiderable, trade, not only on the Black
Sea, but on the Cafpian, and were ac-
quainted with the mines contained in
thefe mountains, from which they drew,
by their trade with the inhabitants, great
quantities of filver, copper, and other
metals. In order to work thefe upon the
fpet, they fent hither a number of work-
men, to eftablith manufa&tures. ‘The
fub&quent invafion of the Arabs, Turks,
and Moguls, during which the mines
were filled up, and the manufactures
abandoned, prevented the ftrangers frou:
effecting their return ; .fo that they ¢on-
tinued here, and formed arepublic. What
renders this account the. more probable is,
that they are ftill excellent artifts, “and
make very good fire-arms, fabres, coats
of mail, and feveral arricles in gold and
lilver, for exportation. "They have, ‘tike-
wife, for their‘own defence, fmall copper
cannons, of’three pounds calibre, caft
by themfelves.. They coin Turkith and
Perfian. filver money,‘ and even rubles,
which readily pats current, becauie.they
are of the..tull: weight and value... In
their vallies, they have pafture and arable
Jand, as well as ‘gardens ;. but they pur-
chafe the greater: part of their corn,
trufting’ chiefly for fupport so the fale
of their mapefatteres; which are much
admired in Tuurkey, -Perfra, andthe-Cri-
mea. They-ave -generally in’ good cir-
cumftances, .afid are.a: quict inoffenfive’
eple, but high-fpirited and independent-
fheir town is. cenfidered-as° a neutral
p< where the neighbouring princes ¢art
pofit their tgafure with:fafety. They
KUR
eleét yearly twelve magiftrates, to whort
they pay unlimited obedience ; and, as‘all
the inhabitants are on a footing of the
mott perfe€t equality, each individual is
fure to ha e, in his turn, a fhare in the
government. ‘In 1725, their magiftrates
acknowledged the fovereignty of Ruffia,
but without paying any tribute. Lon.
67 sg E, lat. 42 30N. \
. KuFstTein, a ftrong town of Ger-
many, in the Tirol, with a caftle, on a
rock. « It is feated on the Inn, 46 miles
s by Eof Munich. Lon. sz 5 £, lat. 47
26N.
KUNACHIR. See JESO.
Kur, a river of Pertia, which rifes in
mount Caucafus, and, paling by Teffiis,
falls into the Cafpian Sea.
KurRILes, a chain of iflands, extend-
ing from lat 51 to 45° N, running from
Cape Lopatka, the s promontory ot
Kamtichatka, to Japan, in a sw direc-
tion, The inhabitants of the neighbour-
hood of Cape Lopatka, who were called
Kuriles, gave thefe iflands the fame name,
as foon as they became acquainted with
them. They are 22 in number, exclu-
five of the very fmall ones. The northern-
moft, called Shoomfka, is three leagues
from Cape Lopatka. The next, named
Paramoufic, is confiderably larger than
Shoomfka. Thofe twe iflands were firft
vifited by the Ruffians in 1713, and at
the fame time brought under their domi-
nion. The others, in order, are alfe
made tributary down to Oofhefheer, in-
clufive. The natives are all reprefented
as hofpitable, generous, and hurhane;
excelling their Kamefchadale neighbours
in the formatian of their bodies, and in
dacility and: quickne(s of underftanding.
Though Oofhetheer ‘is the fouthernmott
ifland that the Ruffians have yet brought
under their dominion. they trade to Oo-
rdop, which is. the eighteenth, and the
only one where there’ is a good harbour
for fhips of burden. Beyond this, to the
8, lies Nadeegfda, which was reprefented
by the Ruilians, as inhabited by a race
of men remarkably hairy, and who, like
thofe of Ooroop, live in a ftate of entire
independence. ‘Spanberg places this ifland
in 43 50°N lat. In the fame direétion,
but inclining fomewhat more to the w;
tie the iflands of Jeso3:a name which
the Japanefe give to the whole chain of
iflands between Kamt{chatka and pire.
KuRSK, a government of the Roffian
empire, ‘formerly ‘part of that of Biclgo-
rod. Its'capital, of the fame name, is
feated on’the Tukor, which falls into the.
Seine or Sem;
f
tl
is
I
a ere) ae i ae ae. |
Yifes in.
Teffiis,
extend.
g from
ory of
r direc-
thbour-
: called
P name,
d with
exclu-
rthern-
leagues
named
r than
re firft
and at
domi-
e alfe
ery in-
efented
thane ;
bours
and in
nding.
most
ought
io Oo-
d the
rbour
to the
fented
on the N and E
LAB
Kusistan, apravinosad Perfia,bounded
y Irac-Agemi, on the s
by Farfiftan, and on the w by Irac-Arabia.
Sufter is the capital.
KUTTENBERG, a town of Bohemia,
feated near a mountain, remarkable for
its filver mines, 35 miles sé of Prague.
Lon. 15 37 Ey lat. 49 56 N. '
KyYLBuRG, a town ot Germany, in the
cleftorate of Treves, feated on the Kyll,
16 miles Nw of Treyes.. Lon. 6 47 £,
Jat. 50 1 Ne
KyYNETON, a town in ‘Herefordhhire,
with a good trade in narrow cleth, and
a market on Wednefday. It is 15 miles
nw of Hereferd, and 149 wWNw of
London. Lon. 2 50 w, lat. 52 32 N.
KyYNETON, a village in Somerfetthire,
NE of Somerton. It is naturally paved,
for half a mile, with one fmooth rock,
which looks like iee.
L.
AA, Laas, or LAHAB, a town of
Auftria, feated on the Teya, 27
miles NW of Vienna. Lon. 16 9g £, lat.
48 48 N..
LaBADIA, a ftrong town of Italy, in
Polefino di Rovigo, fubje& to the Ve-
netians. It is feated on the Adige, 20
miles ww of Ferrara. Lon. 31 5¢ E,
‘lat. 45 39 N-
Lasia, a town of Turkey in Europe,
in Servia, 62 miles sw of Niffa.
LaBIAU, a town of Weftern Pruffia,
at the mouth of the Deime, near the
Curifchhaff, with a itrong caltle, 30
miles NE of Koningfberg. Lon, 21 40
E, lat. 5457 N. f
se ifr a late territory of France,
art of that of Bafques. _ It abounds in
ruit, and the inhabitants are faid to be
the firft that went to fith for whales. Is
is. now included in the department.of the
Lower Pyrences. .
LABRADOR, a country on the £ fide
ef Hudfon’s Bay, in N America. The
climate, jn only lat. 57° N, is exceffively
cold.during ‘winter. Wine freezes in a
folid mafs; brandy coagulates; and the
very breath falls on the blankets of a
bed, in the form of a hoar-froft,. The
ice. begins. to difappear in May ; and
about the middle of June, commences
‘hot weather, which, at times, is {0 violent,
as to fcorch the faces of the hunters.
Mock funs and halos are not unfrequent :
they are very bright, and richly tinged
with all the colours of the rainbow.
LAD
The fun rifes and fets with a large
cone of yellowii!\ light; and the night
is enlivened by he aurora hovestl,
which fpreads many different lights and
colours over the whole tky. Fhe ani«
mals are moofedeets, ftags, raindeers,
bears, tigers, buffaloes, wolves, foxes,
beayers, otters, lynxes, martens, f{quir-
rels, ermines, wild cats, and harcs. The
feathered kinds are geete, buftards, ducks,
artridges, and all kinds of wild fowls.
he fith are, whales, morfes, feals,
codfifh, and a white fith preferable to
herrings; and in their rivers and freth
waters are pike, perch, carp, and trout.
In fummer, there is here, as in other
places, a variety in the colour of the {e-
veral animals: when that feafon is over,
‘which holds only for three months, they
all affume the livery of winter, and every
fort of beafts, ant moft of their fowls,
are of the colour of the fhow: every
thing animate and inanimate is white.
But one of the moft ftriking things, that
draws the moft inattentive to an admi-
fation of the wifdom and goodnefs of
Providence,’ is, that the dogs and cats
from Great Britain, that have been car-
ried to Hudfon’s Bay, on the approach
of winter, have changed their appear-
ance, and acquired a much longer, fofter,
and thicker coat of hair than they origi-
nally had. See New Britain, Esqtr.
MAUX, and Hupson’s Bay,
_ Lack, or Biscnors-Lack, a townof
Germany, in Carniola. Here is not only
a great deal of iron, fteel, quickfilver,
and corn; but a large quantity of linen
is made here, and fent to Flume and
Trieft. It is 26 miles w by Nn of
Laubach, and 35 6 of Trieit. Lon. 1¢
7 Ey lat. 46 31 N.
LaDENBURGH, a town of Germany,
in the paiatinate of the Rhine, feated on
the Neckar, eight miles nw of Heidel-
berg. Lon. 8 42 £, lat. 49 30 N.
Lanoca, a lake in Ruffia, between
the gulf of Finland and the lake of
Onega, It is 150 miles Jong, and 90
broad; and is efteemed to be the large(t
lake in Europe. Among the fith with
which it abounds, are feals. It is full
of quickfands, which, being moved from
place: to place, by the frequent ftorms,
caufe feveral fhelves which often prove
fatal to the flat-bottomed veffels of the
Ruffians. This induced Peter the Great
cut a canal 67 miles in length, from
th «sw extremity of this lake to the river
Weva, by which, it has a communication
Niththe gulf of Finland.
Lapoaay, New, stows in the Ruffizs:
3
LAH
government of St. Peterfburgh, feated on
the Volkhof, between the lake and canal
‘of Ladoga. It is zo miles £ of St. Peterf-
Suen: Lon, 30 32 £, lat. 600N, Old
Ladoga, an inconfiderable place, is higher
‘ap the Volkhof.
LapoGNa, or LACEDOGNA, a town
of Naples, in Capitanata, with a bifhop’s
fee, 60 miles & of Naples. Lon. 15 46
‘E, lat. qr 1N.
LApDRONE IsLANDS, iflands of the N
Pacific Ocean. They are 11 in number,
exclufive of the fimall iflets and rocks,
and lie in about 140° £ lon., and
between 11 dnd 28° Nn lat. They were
difcovered by Magellan, in 1521. He
‘touched firft at the ifland of Guam, where
‘the natives ftole fome of his goods, which
cauled him to name thefe iflands’ the
Ladrones, or Iflands of Thieves. ‘Befide
the other fruits natural to the foil and cli-
‘mate, here is the bread-fruit treé in'abun-
dance. The names of the principal lands
are Saypan, ‘Tintan, Guam, and Rota,
LaGNy, ‘a town of France, in the de-
partment of Scine and Marne and late
rovince of the Ifle of France, with’a late
mous Benedi&ine abbey. It is feated
‘on the Marne, 15 miles £ of Paris. Lon,
2 45°B, lat..48 50 N.
Lacos, a feaport of Portugal, in Al-
“parva, with a caitle. Here the Englith
Fests bound to the Straits ufually take in
frefh water. ‘Nedr this town is Cape La-
‘gos, off which, in 1759, admiral Bof-
cawen défeated a-French fleet. It‘is 120
‘miles se of Lifbon. Lon. 8 33 Ww, lat.
372N. 0 7
“Lacuna, a‘town of the ifland of
Teneriff, one of ‘the Canaries. The
yovernor has‘a palace here, but generally
refides at Santa Cruz. The lake from
‘Which it has been fuppofed to derive its
name, is now a vey inconfiderable piece
of water. ‘Lon. 16°13 w, Mat. 28 30 N.
LaGune$ OF VENICE, the marfhes or
Jakes in Italy, on'which Venice is feated.
They communiéate with the fea, and are
the fecurity of the city: There are about
60 iffands in thefe Laguncs, which toge-
ther make abifhop’s fee. ‘Eurano is the
‘moft confiderable, next to thofe on which
Venice ftands. ”
Laun, a riyer of Germany, which
rifes in Heffe Caffel, and flowing ‘by
Marpurg, Wetzlar, and Naffau, falls into
the Rhine, above Cobleftz.
LaHoM, a’ feaport of Sweden, in the
province of Halland, feated near the Bal-
tic, with a‘caftle, 50, miles N of Copen-
hagen. Lon. 12 40 B, lat. 56 31 N.
AHORE, a province of Hindooftan
é; 4
LAM
Proper, bounded on the w by Candahar,
on the nN by Cafhmere, on the E by
Sirinagur and ‘Delhi, and on the s by
Moultan. It is often called Panjab, or
‘the country of Five Rivers. It is ver
extenfive and remarkably fertile ; afford.
ing, in addition to all the neceffaries of
lite, wine, fugar, and cotton wood. In
the traé&t between the Indus and the
Cheluin are falt’ mines, wonderfully prd-
duétive, and affording fragments of rock
falt, hard enough to be formed into
veffels, &c. See PANJAH.
LAHORE, a city, the capital of a pro-
vince of the fame name, in Hindooftan
Proper, fituate on the s bank of the
Rauve.. It is:a place of high antiquity,
and was the refidence of the Mahometan
conquerors of’ Hindooftan, before they
had ‘eftablitied themfelves in the central
parts of the country. It owed its modern
improvements, however, to Humaioon, the
tather of Acbar, who made it his refidence
during a part of, his troublefome reign.
Lahore is now the capital of the Seiks,
a new power, whofe name, even asa
fet, was hardly known till the rapid
decline ©" the Mogul empire, in” the
‘prefent century. Here they have manu-
tactures. of cotton cloths and ftuffs of all
kinds, and of very curious carpets. It
is 210 miles s*of Cafhmere, and 296. NW
of Delhi. Lon. 73 45 £, lat. 31 15.N.
Larno, a town’ of Naples, in Calabria
Citeriore, near a river of the fame name.
Lon. 16 11 EB; lat. 40 4 N. :
.LAI-TCHEQU-FOU, a city of China,
in the province of Chan-tong, with a
convenient hafbour on the Yellow. Sea.
Its jurifdiction contains two cities of the
firit, and five of the third’ clafs.
LALAND, a {mall ifland of ‘Denmark,
in the Baltic, lying s of Zealand, from
which it is feparated by a narrow channel,
It is fertile in corn, with which it fupplies
Copenhagen, Naxkow is the capital.
LAMBALE, ‘a town of France, in the
department of the North Coaft and late
province of Bretagne. It isthe chief town
of the late duchy of Penthievre, and gave
the title of princefs to the unfortunate
lady, who was maffacred at Paris, in
September 1/92, for her inviolable at- -
tachment to her unhappy miftrefs, the
late queen of France, Lambale lias a
good trade in cattle, linen, and parch-
ment, and is 37 miles nw of Rennes,
Lon. 2 21 wy lat. 48 27 N.
LAMBESC, a town of France, in the
department of the Mouths of the Rhone
and late province of Provence, nine miles
N of Aix. Lon, 5 31°E, lat. 43 40 N.’
‘andahar
he £ by
the s by
anjab, or
t is ver
3 afford-
flaries of
ood. In
and the
ully prd-
; of rock
ned into
of a pro-
ndooftan
. of the
ntiquity,
hometan
ore they
: central
; modern
ioon, the
refidence
e reign.
e Seiks,
en as..g
re rapid
ithe
> manu-
s of all
ets. It
290.NW
15.N.
Calabria
e name.
China,
with a
bw. Sea.
p Of the
nmark,
yy from
hannel,
up} lies
ital.
in the
nd late
ef town
d gave
rtunate
ris, in
le at- -
s, the
Has a
parch-
Rennes,
in the
Rhone
p miles
se) Ne
LAM
LAMBETH, a village in Surry, oh the
Thames, oppofite Weltminiter. Here
the archbifhops of Canterbury have an
ancient palace. By the valt increafe of
‘buildings, Lambeth is now joined to the
metropolis, in a direétion to each of the
three bridges, Here is a manufacture .
of artificial ftone, which an!wers every
purpofe of ftome carving, and extends,
not only to ftatues from the fineft models,
but to every kind of archite&tural orna-
ments. Here likewife are extenfive works
for vinegar and home-made wine, a patent
fhot manufaéture, and. avmerous timber
yards, fupplied with almoft incredible
ttores of foreign timber.
LAMBO8N, a town in Berks, with a
market on Friday, feated on a river of
the fame name, which falls into the
Kennet, below Newbury. It is feven
miles N by w of Hungerford, and 68 w
of London. Lon. 1 26 w, lat. 51 30N.
LAMEGO, a town of Portugal, in Beira,
with a bifhop’s fee, and a ftrong citadel,
50 miles N of Lifbon. Lon. 7 30 w,
dat. 41 12 N.
LAMMERMUIR, &@ mountainous ridge
in Scotland, which divides the county of
Berwick from that of Haddington for
above 20 miles. Thefe mountains are,
in general, very bleak and barren, afford-
ing but {canty pafture for the fheep that
feed on them. Scoutra Hill is the moft
elevated of this ridge.
LaMo, a kingdom and ifland of Africa,
on the coaft of Melinda, between the
dfland of Pate and Cape Formola. Its
capital of the fame name, is well fortified.
The king and government, being Maho-
metans, are frequently at war with the
reft of the inhabitants, who are pagans.
In 1589, the king of this ifland, being
accufed by the Portuguefe of having
betrayed the governor of the coait, was
feized, with four of his fubje&ts, in his
own capital, and carried to Pat€, where
they were publickly executed, in the
pretence of the king of that ifland, and
of feveral kings of the neighbouring
iflands; ever fince which, Lamo has
been tributary to the Portuguefe.
LampPeposa, a defert ifland on the
coaft of Tunis, 12 miles in circum-
ference. It is 50 miles from Tunis,
and 112 from Malta; and has a good
harbour, where fhips water. Lon. 11
© E} lat. 36 20 Nu
LaMPSACO, an ancient town of Na-
tolia, with a Greek archbifhop’s fee. It
is now an inconfiderable place, feated on
the fea of Marmora, fix miles from the
Dardanelles, Lous 27 20 E» lat. 40 42 Wie
LAN
LANCASHIRE, a county of England,
bounded on the N by Cumberland and
Weitmorland, on the £ by Yorkthire,
on the s by Chefhire, and on the w by
the Irith Sea. It is 74 miles trom N to
S$ (including a detached hundred .on the
Nw, called Furnets, which is feparated
from the reft by a creek, at the head of
Morecambe Bay) and its greateft breadth
is 42 miles. It is divided into fix hua-
dreds, containing 27 market-towns, and
63 parifhes; and fends 14 members to
parliament. It is a county-palatine,
under the title of the Duchy of Laf-
cafter; the only duchy of England (that
of Cornwall excepted) whieh is not
merely titular. The air, in general, is
very healthful. ‘This county compri
a variety of foil and face of country ;
but, upon the whole, is one of thole
which are the leaft favoured by nature.
The hundred of Furneis is a wild ard
rugged region, ftored with quantities of
iron ore and flate, and covered with-a
growth of .underwood, which is cut in
fucceflion, and made into charcoal. The
E part, tetween the Ribble and the
Merfey, comprifing the ancient: forefts
of Wyrefdale and Bowland, is moun-
tainous and generally barren; but the 's
part of the rcract -between thefe two
rivers is flat, quite from the fea to the
commencement of the ridge called Black-
fton-edge, that feparates the county: from
Yorkfhire. Much of this is a fertde
.country, though occafionally deformed
by the black turf bogs, here called
moffes ; fome of which: are of large ex-
tent, and impaflable in wet feafor's.
In the ne ‘part of this divifionare {ome _
lofty hills, the moft noted of which is -
Pendle Hill. The remaining part is
varied with hill, dale, and moor. Amotig '
its produéts is a f{pecies of coal, called
cannel,. far exceeding all other, not only
in making a clear fixe, but: for being
capable of being manufaftured into caa-
diefticks, cups, ftandithes, {nuff-boxes,
&c. and of being polithed, fo as to re-
prefent a beautiful black marble. Lah-
. cafhire is little adapted for a corn country,
not only from the nature of its foil, bat
from. the ‘remarkable wetnefs of its. cli-
mate; the land, however, is\fingularly
fitted to the growth of the potatoe.
As a commercial and manufaéturing -
county, it is diftinguifhed beyond arty
other in thekingdom. Its principal ma.
nutactures are linen, filk, and cotton
goods; fuftians, counterpanes, fhaloons,
bays, ferges, tapes, fmall ware, hats,
failcloth, facking; Bie won goods,
+
j
|
LAN
catt plate-glafs, &e. Of the commerce of
this county, it may fuffice to obferve, that
Liverpool is the fecond port in the king-
dom. The principal rivers are the Mer-
fey, Irwell, Ribble, Lon, Levern, Wyre,
odder, Roche, Duddon, Winker, Ken,
and Calder; and it his two confiderable
lakes, Winander-mcreand Conifton-mere.
Lancafter is the county-town. ,
LANCASTER, the county-town of Lan-
cafhire, with a market on Saturday. It
is governed by a mayor; fends two
members to parliament ;. and is: seated on
the Lon, which here forms a port. for
vefiels of moderate burden, and.over which
is a ftone bridge of five arches. , It has
but one church, on the fide of a hill, on
the fummit of which is the caftle, ferving
both as the thire-houfe and the county-
aol. On the top of this caltle is a
veel tower, called John of Gaunt's
Chair, whence there is a fine profpeét of
the monntains of Cumberland, and the
view toward the fea, extending to the
Ifle of Man. Five miles from this place
is Dunald-Mill-Hole, a cave at the foot
of a mountain, into which a large brook
runs, after it has driven a mill near its
entrance. Some of its vaults are fo
high, that they refemble the roof of a
church, and in other parts fo low, that
they can be pafled only by creeping on
the hands and feet. Lancafter carries on
a confidcvable trade, efpecially to the W
Indies; and is noted for the making of
mahogany cabinet ware. It is 68 miles
8 of Carlifle, and 235 NNW of London.
Lon. 2 56 w, lat. 544N.
LANcasTER, a county of Penntyl-
waniay 41 miles long and.40 broad. In
- 3799, in contained 36,147 inhabitants,
_ Lancaster, the capital of a county
of the fame name, in Pennfylvania. Its
trade is already large, and muft increafe
_in proportion as the furrounding country
populates. Befide its churches, and other
pu lic buildings, it contains a college
‘Sounded in 1787,. and named Franklin
College, after-the late Dr. Franklin.
Jt is 1eated on the Coneftoga Creek, near
the river Suiquchannaly, 66 miles w by
n of Philadelphia. Lon. 76 17 w, lat.
4O ZN...
LANCEROTA, one of the Canary Iles.
_ Jt is very high, and Way be. difcovered at
a great diftance. It is about 15. miles
Jong and 10 broad. Lon. 33 26 w, Jat.
29 14N. “i
LANCIANO, a town of Naples, in
Abruzzo Citeriore, with an archbifhop’s
fee. It is famops. for its fairs in July
and Auguft; andis feated on the Feltrino,
LAN
$7 miles Ne of Naples. Lon. 24 50 £,
Jat. 42 18 N.
LanparF,: a fmall place: in Glamor-
fhire, but honoured with the appel-
ation of a city, on account of its being
an epifcopal fee. It is feated on an
afcent, on the river Taafe, near Cardiff;
but the cathedral, a large ftately building,
ftands on low ground. It is .30 miles
nw of Briftol, and 166 w of London.
Lon. 3.10 W, lat. 51 24N. °
LANDAW, ‘a ftrong town of Germany,
in the palatinate of the Rhine. It was
formerly imperial, but was ceded to the
French in 1648. It. fuftained a fevere
bombardment by the allies, in 1794; but
they were compelled to raife the fiege.
It 18 feated on the Queich, nine miles s
of Newftadt, and 270 EB of Paris. Lon.
8 32 Ey lat. 49 33 N.
Lanpsn, a town of Auftrian Brabant,
famous for a battle gained by the French,
over the allies July 29, 1693, and for
a battle fought March 18, 1793, between
the Auftrians and French, by which the
latter were compelled to evacuate the
Auftrian Netherlands. Landen is feated
on the Becke, 17 miles Nw of Huy, and
18 NE of Namur. Lon. 5 5 E, lat. 52
41 N. See NEERWINDEN.
LANDERNAU, a town of France, in
the department of Finifterre and late pro-
vince of Bretagne, feated on the Elhorn,
20 miles NE of Breft. Lon. 4 20 W,
Jat. 48 28 N.
LANDES, a department of France, in-
cluding the late territory of Marfan. It
takes ite name from a diftrié&, called
Landes, extending along the coaft of the
bay of Bifcay. It isa barren fandy
country, covered with fern, pines, and
the holm-tree, of. the bark of which
corks are made, Mont-de-Marian is the
capital of this department, and Dax the
epifcopal fee,, .
LancuarpD Fort, a fort on the
Suffolk fide-of the harbour of Harwich,
but within the limits of Effex. It was
erected for the defence of the port of Har-
wich, the entrance of which it com-
mands. '
LANDRECY,:2 town of France, in the
department of the North and late province
of Hainault. It was befigged in vain by
prince Eugene in 1712. It was taken by
the allies,:in Apri} 1794; but retaken in
July following. It. is feated on the
Sambre,18 miles s w of Maubeuge,and 100
N by E of Paris. Lon. 4 47 E, lat. 507 N.
LANDSCROON, a fostiof France, in the
department of Upper Rhine and late pro-
vince of Altace, feated om an emipence,
+ 34 50 E,
a Glamor.
e appel-
f its being
ted on an
ar Cardiff ;
y building,
8 30 miles
f London.
Germany,
c. It was
ded to the
d a fevere
tis. Lon.
1 Brabant,
he French,
» and for
1» between
which the
cuate the
is feated
Huy, and
By lat. 52
ance, in
Dax the
on the
arwich,
It was
LAN
three miles wn of Bafil, Lon. 7 42 £,
lat. 47 36 N. wd
LANDSCROON, or LANDSCRONA, a
feaport of Sweden, in Schonen, feated on
the Baltic, within the Sound, 22 miles
Nn of Copenhagen. Lon. 12 52 B, lat.
55 52 N.
Lanv’s Exp, a promontory of Corn-
wall, the moft wetterly point of Great
Britain, and a vaft aggregate of moor-
ftone. Lon. § 40 w, fr. 50 6 N.
LANDSCHUT, a town of Silefia, in the
duchy of Schweidnitz, feated on the
Zelder, 12 miles w of Schweidnitz.
LaNnpDscuvUrT, a town of Lower Ba.
varia, with a ftrong caftle, on an adjacent
hill. It is feated on the Her, 35 miles
nz of Munich. Lon. 12 10 B, lat. 48
go N.
LANDSCHUT, a town of Moravia,
feated on the Morava, on the confines
of Hungary and Autftria.
LANDSPERG, a town of Uppey‘ Saxony,
in the marche of Brandenburg, feated on
the Warta, 32 miles Ne of Francfort on
the Oder. Lon. 15 10 £, lat. 52 50 N.
LANDSPERG, a town of Bavaria, near
the river Lech, 23 miles s of Augfburg.
LANERK, a borough in Lanerkfhire,
feated on the Clyde, 20 miles sz of
Glafgow.'. Lon. 3 49 w, lat. 55 40 Ww.
LANERKSHIRE, a county of Scotland,
bounded on the n by Dumnbartonthire ;
en the E by the counties of Stirling, Lin-
lithgaw, Edinburgh, and Peebles; on the
s by Dumfriesfhire; and on the w by
‘the thires of Ayr and‘Renfrew. Its ex-
tent from N to $ is 40 miles, and from
Eto w 36. The fouthern part of this
county is generally called Clydefdale. See
CLYDESDALE.
LANGEAC, a town of France, in the
department of Cantal and ‘late ‘province
of Auvergne, feated near the Allier,
among mountains, 17 m‘les E of St. Flour.
Lon. 3 35 £, lat. 45 5 N.
LANGEAIS,:an ancient town of Fratice,
in the department of Indre and Loire and
late province of 'Touraine, feated ‘on the
Loire, 12 miles w of Tours. Lon. 0 33
E, lat. 47 26 N. ‘i
LANGELAND, an ifl id) of: Déiimark,
in the ftrait called the Great Belt. | I¢ is
33 miles long, but fearcely five’ in
breadth, and . produces ‘plenty -of ‘cork.
The principal town. is Rutcoping. ‘Lon!
31 €, lat. 55 4.N.- , om
LaNGiong, a city of Afia, capital: of
the kingdom of Laos, with a magnificértt
royal palace, feated on a fimall river, 140
miles sz of Ava, hon, 19% 35 £, lat,
33 32N, a9
‘Ww by 8 of London.
LAO
' LANGON, a town of France, in the de-
ae of Gironde and ‘late province of
uienne. It is noted for excellent wine,
and feated’ on the Garenne, t 5 miles N of
Bazas. Lon. o 10 w, ‘lat. 44°33 N.
LANGPORT, 2 town in Someriethhire,
with a market on Saturday. It is feated
on a hill,’ by the ‘river Parret, which is
navigable for barges to Bridgewater. ‘It
in 10 miles sx of Bridgewater, and 128
on. 30W, lat.
STON. , ero
LANORES, an hon Bat town of Aye
in the depattment o Marne an
late vyeelees of Champague, with a
bithop’s fee. It is feated on 2 mountain,
near the fources of the Marne, and its cut-
lery wares are in high cteem. This town
is thought to itand the higheft of any in
France; and the pro{pe& trom the towers
of the principal church is beyond con-
ception. It is 35 miles Nz of Dijon,
and 100 8 by E of Rheims, Lon. 5 24
By lat. 47 52 N.
Lancuspoc,a late province of France,
bounded on the N by Querci, Rouergue,
Auvergne, and Lyonis; on the gz by
Dauphiny and Provence; on the w
Gaicony ; and on the s by the Mediter-
ranean and Rovffillon. It is 225 miles
in length, and 100 where broadeft.
It now forms the departments of Aude,
Gard, Upper Garonne, and Herault.
LanNION, a town of France, in the
department of the North Coaft and late
province of Bretagne. Its: trade confilts
in wine and ‘hemp, and it has fome mineral
waters. The inhabitants of Lanion, Guin-
amp, and the environs, tpeak the Welfh
anguage, which ‘was: probably ‘brought
hither y the ‘Britons, who took refuge in
thefe parts, in the fifth century. Lanion
is 15 miles w of Treguier.
LANnoy, a tewn'of France, in’ the
department of the North and late province
of Frétich Flanders, five miles sz of Life.
- LANsinBURGH, 2 towa in the ftate of
New ‘York, formerly called the’ New
City: it ftands on the £ fide of Hudfon's
River, oppofite the § branch of Mohawk
River, nine mileb ‘nw of “Albany:
LaNzo, a\ town of Piedmont; on the
river Sture, 12 miles Nw of Turin. Lon:
7282, lategasgN. awe
* LAON, a town’ of France, in the de-
partment of “Aifne, and late province of
Sviffotinois, ' with’ a caftle,-and lately a
bifhop’s fee. _ Its principal trade'tonfitts
in corn and wine; ‘and it is noted for ex-
cellent artichokes. It*is feated on 2
mountain, 77 miles ne of Paris. Lon. 2
4
432, lat. 49 4q.N. °
LAP
' Laos, a kingdom of Afia, bounded on
the N by China, on the & by Tonquin
and Cochin,China, on the s by Cambo-
dia, on the w by Burimah. It is
full,of forefts, and abounds in rice and
fruits. ‘The inhabitants are well made,
robuft, of an olive complexion, and mild ;
but very fuperftitious, and much addicted
to women. Their principal oce:.pation
is tilling the ain and fithing. The
king is abfolute, and has no other law
than his own will: -he fhows himéelf but
twice a year, and has. a large revenue
_from elephants’ teeth found in his domi-
nions. Their religion is much the fame
as in China. Langione is the capital.
LAPLAND, acountry of Europe bound-
ed on the N by the \N Sea and the Frozen
Qcean, on.the E by the White Sea, on
tu.2 s by Sweden and the gulf.of Bothnia,
and on the w by Norway. It is fituate
between 69 and 75° of \N lat. comprehend-
ing, on the moft northern fide of it, the
Frozen Alps, or Alps. of Snow. Thee
Alps compofe the fummit of that chain
.of mountains called Severnoi, whofe de-
clivity toward the .£ and.s confifts of
lower mountains, deferts, forefts, fens,
and lakes. Swedifh Lapland occupies
the s divifion of this country, which is
the largeft; Ruffian Lapland is fituate in
the & part; and Danifh Lapland, which
is the fimalleft, extends the whole length
of the Severnoi, on their northern fide.
The Laplanders are of a middling ftature.
They have generally a fiattifh face, fallen
geaks, dark gray eyes, thin beard, brown
hair, are fteut, ftraight, and of a yellowith
¢omplexion, occafioned by the weather,
the {moke of their habitations, and their
habitual filthinefs. Their manner of life
renders them hardy, agile, and fupple,
but, at the fame time, much inclined to
Jazine’s. They are peaceable, obedient
to their fuperiors, cheerful in company,
but miltruftful, cheats in commerce, and
fo proud of their country and conititution,
that, when removed irom the place of
their nativity, they uiually die of the
noftalgia, or longing to return. ‘Their
women are fhort, often well made, com-
ploifant, chafte, and of weak nerves;
which is alfo obfervable fometimes among
the men. The language of the Laplanders
comprehends fo many dialeéts, that it is
with difficulty they underitand each other.
‘T:... men are divided intoFifhers andMoun. '
taineers. The former make their habita-
tions in the neighbourhood of fome lake,
whence they draw their fubfiftence. The
others feek their fupport upon the moun-
tains, pofefling herds of raindeer, which
LAP
they ufe according to the feaion; bus
they. go moerally. on foot. They are
very Pocivions rdfmen, and. are rich
in comparifon of the Fithers. Some of
them poffefs fix hundred or a thouland
“yaindeer ; and they caftrate the fuperfluous
males by crufhing the tefticle with their
teeth. The Lapland fithers, who are
alfo called Laplanders of the woods (be-
caufe in fummer they dwell upon the bor-
ders of the Jakes, and in winter in the
forefts) live by fifhing and hunting, and
choofe their fituation from its convenience
for either. RBefide looking after their
raindeer, the fifhery, and the chafe, the
‘men empley themfelves in the conftruc-
tion of theix canoes, which are little, light,
and compact. They alfo make fledges,
to which they giye the form of a canoe ;
harmefs for the raindeer; all forts of
utenfils in wood, {uch as cups, bowls,
&c. which are fometimes prettily carved,
fometimes ornamented with bones, brats,
or horn.:; it is the man’s bufinefs, like-
wife, to look after the kitchen. The
employment of the women coniifts in
rieblag nets for the fifhery, drying fith
and meat, nulking the raindeer, making
cheefe, and tanning hides. They prepaye
the nerves of the raindeer in fuch a man.
ner as to make them ferve for thread;
and draw brafs wire by the help of the
horns of the raindeer pierced, initead of
a drawing iron. They embroider theiy
clothes with brafs wire, filver, fham gold,
or wool, which they have the art of dying
in all forts of colours. Theie people
live in huts in the form of tents, covered
with briars, bark, linen, turf, coarfe
cloth, felt, or raindeer fkins ; and the
door is of telt, made like two curtains,
which open afunder. ‘They are not able
to ftand upright in thefe nuts, but con-
ftantly fit upon their-heels round the fire.
At night they lie down quite naked; and,
to feparate the apartments, place upright
{ticks at {mall diftances. They cover
themfelves with their clothes, and in win-
ter put their feet into a fur bag, Their
houfhold furniture confifts of iron or cop-
per kettles, wooden.cups, bowls, {poons,
and fometimes tin, or even filver baiting:
to thefe may be added their implements of
fifhing and hunting. That they may not
be obliged to carry fuch a number of
things with them in their excurfions,
they build, at certain diftances, in the fo-
refts, little huts made like pigeon-houles,
and placed upon the trunk of a tree cut
off at about the height of fix feet from. the
root. In thefe elevated huts they kee
their goods and provifions ; and, though
feafon; bug
They are
and. are rich
s. Some of
a thoufand
e fuperfluous
e with their
‘sy who are
woods (be-
pon the bor-
inter in the
unting, and
convenience
after their
e chafe, the
he conftruc-
little, light,
ake fledges,
of a canoe ;
ll forts of
ups, bowls,
tily carved,
ones, brats,
finefs, like-
hen. ‘The
coniifts in
drying fith
er, making
hey prepare
uch a man.
tor thread ;
help of the
initead of
oider they
fham gold,
rt of dying
efe people
ts, covered
rf, coarfe
3; and the
D curtains,
e not able
» but con.
d the fire,
ked; and,
€ upright
hey cover
din win.
y, Their
n or cop-
8, {poons,
er baiting:
ements of
y may not
umber of
Kcurfions,
in the fo-
n-houfes,
tree cut
from. the
hey kee
d thou a
LAP
they are never fhut, yet are they never
yjlundered. In their drets ay ufe no
Finen: The men wear clofe oreeches,
reaching down to their fhoes, which are
made of untanned fkin, pointed, and tur ned
up before ; and, in winter, they put a little
hay in them. Their doublet is made to
fit their fhape, and open at the breatt;
over this they wear a clofe coat, whole
{kirts reach down to the knees, and it is
faftened round them by a leathern girdle,
ornamented with plates of tin or brafs.
To this girdle they tie their knives, their
infruments for getting fire, and their
fmoking apparatus. Their clothes are
made of fur, leather, or cloth; always
‘bordered with fur, or cloth of different
colours. Their caps are edged with fur,
‘pointed at top, and the four {eams adorned
with lifts of a different colour. The Ruf-
fian Laplanders generally border their
caps with rat-ékins. The women wear
breeches, fhoes, doublets, and clofe coats,
like the men; but their girdle ts com-
monly embroidered with brafs wire. Be-
fide thefe, they wear kerchiefs, and lit-
tle aprons, made of Ruffian painted cloth,
rings on their fingers, and ear-rings, to
which they fometimes hang chains of fil-
‘yer, which pafs two or three times round
the neck. They fometimes wear caps
folded after the manner of turbans; and
fometimes caps to the fhape of the head;
but all are ornamenied with the em.
broidery of brafs wire, or with lift of dif-
ferent colours. The raindeer fupply the
Laplanders with the greateft part of their
provifious ; the chafe and the fifhery fur-
nifh the reft: but the flefh of the bear is
their moft delicate meat. ‘Their common
drink is water, fometiraes mixed with
milk: brandy is fcarce with them; but
they are very fond of it. ‘Their moft con-
fiderable traffic is with the Norwegians,
and the balance is always in favour of
the Laplanders ; becaufe they can furnifh
more {kins and furs, than they buy flour,
cloth, and hardware goods. All the
money, which they have not immediate
occafion for, they bury in the earth, as
well as thei: plate, and whatever they
think of value. Nor even at the point of
-death do they declare the fpot where it is
hidden, imagining that they fhall want it
‘in the other world. Sterility is a reproach
among the women. ‘They are generally
delivered without difficulty ; the hufband
affifts at the labour, and affords his wife
the neceffary help. ‘Pheir cradle is {mall,
light, and made in the fhape of a canoe ;
and, in their journies, the women carry
it at their backs. Their weddings are
LAS
kept at the bride’s houfe, who appears
with her head quite uncovered, which,
at other times, is never the cuftom with
either women or maidens: the feaft is a
kind of club-mefs, to which each of the
guefts brings meat and drink. Their
diverfion, at weddings and other mesry-
makings, is the game of fox and geete:
they wreftle and jump over a ftick; and
are fond of giving grotefque accounts of
different adventures. They likewife dance
and fing, or rather howl in dilagreeable
meafures. All the Swedifh and Norwe-
gian, as well as the greatet number of
the Ruffian Laplanders, bear the name of
Chriftians; but their religion is a com-
pound of Chriftian and pagan ceremonies.
Lar, a town of Perfia, in the province
of Lariftan, with a caftle. It carries on a
great trade in filk. Lon. 52 45 £, lat.27
3ON,
LaRacua, a ftrong town in the king-
dom of Fez, feated at the mouth of 2
river of the fame name, with a good har-
bour. It was once in pofleffion of the
Spaniards, but the Moors took it from
them. Lon. 5 59 Wy, lat.35 4oNn.
LAREDO, a feaport of Spain, on the
bay of Bifcay, with a large fafe harbour.
It is 30 miles w of Bilboa. Lon. 3 53
‘W, lat. 43 23.
Larino, a town of Naples, in the
Molife, with a bifhop’s fee, 60 miles nz
of Naples. Lon.15 08, lat. 41 33N.
LaRissa, an ancient town of Turke
in-Europe, in the province of Janna, wit
a Greek archbifhop’s fee, a palace, and
foe handfome mofques. It was famous
asthe refidence of Achilles, and retains
its ancient name. It carries ona large
trade, and is feated on the Peneus, 50
‘miles s of Salonichi, and 120 N by w
of Athens. Lon.22 47 &, lat. 39 48 N.
LaARISTAN, a province of Perfia, which
lies n of the gulf of Perfia. It abounds
‘in oranges, lemons, and very large tama-
vinds. Lar is the capital.
LARRYBUNDAR, a feaport of Hin-
dooftan Proper, at the mouth of a branch
of the Indus called the Larrybundar, with
a harbour capable of receiving fhips of
200 tons burden. Lon.67 37 £, lat. 24
44.Ne
Larta. See Arta.
‘Lassa, or Lanassa, a city, the
capital of Great Thibet. It is not large,
but the houfes are of ftone, fpacious and
lofty. Seven miles on the £ fide of the
city, is the mountain of Putala, on the
fummit of which is the palace of the
grand lama, the high pricft and fovereign
of Thibet. Lafla is 850 miles nN by zg
Co ee
LAV
of Calcutta. Lon. 91 40 £, lat. 40
34.8.
Latakta, formerly Laopicea, an
ancient and confiderable town of Syria,
with a harbour, a bifhop’s fee, and beau-
tiful remains of antiquity. Itis 75 miles
sw of Aleppo, and 245 N of Jeruialem.
Lon. 34 30 £, lat. 35 40 N.
Latron, a village in Effex, between
Epping and Harlow. It had once a priory
ef Auguftine monks, whole church is
now ufed fora barn. .
LAVAL, a confiderable town of France,
in the department of Maine and late pro-
vince of the fame name, with two cattles.
Since the revolution it has been erected
into a bifhopric; and the inhabitants are
computed at 24,000. Linen of all kinds
and qualities is manufa¢tured here; and
the neighbouring quarries produce green
marble, or black, veined with white. It
is feated on the Maine, 15 miles s of the
town of that name, and 40 w of Mans.
Lon. o 42 w, lat. 48 7N.
LAVAMUND, or LAVANT MINDE; a
town of Carinthia, with a caftle, anda
bifhop’s fee. It belongs tothe archbifhop
of Saltzhurg, and is feated on the Drave,
40 miles E of Clagenfurt. Lon. 15 18 £,
lat. 46 44.N.
Lavaur, a town of France, in the
department of Tarn and late province of
Languedoc. Before the revolution it was
a bifhop’s fee; and it is feated on the
Agout, 20 miles Ng of Touloufe. Lon.
x 528, lat. 43 40N.
Lavusacu, a ftrong town, capital of
-Cayniola, witha bifhop’s fee, and a cattle.
It is feated on a river of the fame name,
‘in which are the largeft crawfifh in Eu-
rope, 32 miles s of Clagenfurt, and 155
8s by w of Vienna. Lon. 14 25 £, lat.
45 24.N.
LaupDaA, a town of ee in the
bifhopric of Wurtzburg, 18 miles sw of
Wurtzburg. Lon.9 458, lat. 49 28N-
Lauper, a borough in Berwickhhire,
with a caftle, 22 miles s of Edinburgh.
Lon. 3 5 w, lat. 55 36 N..
LAVELLO, an ancient town of Naples,
in Bafilicata, with a bifhop’s fee, jo
miles £ by N of Naples. Lon.15 55 £,
lat. 43 §N.
‘LAVELT, or LAreLT, a village in the
bifhopric of Liege, near Maeftricht, re-
markable fora battle gained here by the
Frenchsin 1747.
LAVENHAM, 2 town in Suffolk, with a
market ‘on ‘Tuefday. Its church is one
of the fineft in the county; and it has
confiderable manufactures in ferges, fha-
joons, fays, fuffs, and fine varn. It is
LAV
_feated on a branch of the Bret, 12 iniles
s by £ of St. Edmund's Bury, and 62 nz
of London. Lon.o 518, lat. 52 39 nN.
LAUFFEN, a town of Germany, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg, feated on the
Neckar, 10 miles s of Hailbron. Lon. g
25E, lat. 49 3N.
LAUFFEN, a town of Swifferland, in
the canton of Baile, feated near the river
Birs, 12 miles sw of Baile.
LauFFEN, a village of Swifferland, in
the canton of Zuric, three miles s by w
of Schaffhaufen. Here is a celebrated
cataraét of the Rhine; the perpendicular
height of which is 50 or 60 feet, and the
breadth 300.
LAUFFENBURG;, a ftrong town of Sua-
bia, and one of the four Forett-Towns,
with a ruined caftle. It belongs te the
houle of Auftria, and is feated on a rock,
on the Rhine, which divides it in two
parts. Here is a fimall cataract, noted
for the beauty of the fcenery. It is 17
miles £ of Bafil, Lon. 8 2 £, lat. 47
35 N.
LauGHTON, avillage in the w ridin
of Yorkfhire, on a high hill, fix miles
ESE of Rotherham. It is noted for its
church, whofe tower and fpire are not
excelled by any Gothic piece of the kind;
and it is feen, in fome places, at the
diitance of 60 miles.
LavicNa, a town of Italy, in the
territory of Genoa, at the mouth of
a river of the fame name, eight miles
from Rapallo,
LAVINGTON, a town in Wilts, with
a market on Wednefday, 20 miles nw
of Salifbury, and 88 w by s.of London,
Lon. 2 3 Wy lat. 51 13,N.
LAUNCESTON, a borough in Cornwall,
with a market on Saturday. It is the
county-town, governed by a mayor, and
fends two members to parliament. It
had a caftle, which is now in ruins; and
a litele without the town, ftands the old
priory. It is feated ona hill, near the
river ‘Tamar, 28 miles n of Plymouth,
and 214 w by s of London. Lon. 4 35
Ww, lat. 50 40 N.
Launu, a town of Bohemia, near the
river Eger, 27 miles NW of Prague.
Lon. 14 20 £, lat. 50 21 N,
LAVORA, TERRA DI, @ province of
Naples, 63 miles in length, and 45 in
breadth; bounded on the w. by Cam-
pagna di Roma, on the nN by Abruzzo
Ulteriore and Citeriore, on the & by the
Molife and Principate Ulteriore, and on
the s by Principato Citeriore. It is
proper few tillage, whence it took ite
name; and it is fertile in excelhaat vines
and
fori
is th
Li
ferlay
with
tt co
on i
place
difhe
pafle
town
the n
mand
de V:
lais.
other
It is
NE O
Lon.
La
Prufli
iniles
in leng
La
Lower
fame Nn
It is
at Ha
26 Ne
LA
meran
fame 1
La
imper
Neubi
tf, 12 iniles
and 62 ne
* 52 39N.
lany, m the
ted on the
mm. Lor, 9
ferland, in
ir the river
ferland, in
les s by w
celebrated
rpendicular
st, and the
wn of Sua.
e(t- Towns,
ngs toe the
on 4 rock,
it in two
‘ack, noted
«At is x
E, lat. 47
2W riding
, fix miles
ted for its
‘e are not
the kind;
Sy at the
Y» in the
mouth of
cht miles
ilts, with
iles Nw
London,
ornwall,
It is the
yor, and
ent. It
ins ; and
B the old
near the
ymouth,
Ne 4 35
near the
Prague.
ince of
it 35 in
Cam-
bruzzo
by the
and on
It is
bok its
vines
LAX
There are alfo mineral
gnd fruits.
fprings, and mines, of fulphur. Naples
is the capital. : ;
LAUSANNE, an ancient town of Swil-
ferland, capital of the Pays de Vaud,
with a famous college, and 2 bifhop’s fee,
ft contains 7000 inhabitants. It is built
on fuch a fteep afcent, that, in fome
places, the hories cannot, without great
difficulty, draw up a carriage; and toot-
paflengers afcend to the upper part of the
town by fteps. Its lofty fituation affords
the moft fublime views in nature, com-
manding the lake of Geneva, the Pays
de Vaud, and the rugged coalt of Chab-
lais. The church, the townhoufe, and
other public buildings, are magnificent.
It is feated between three hills, 30 miles
xe of Geneva, and 50 sw of Bern,
Lon. 6 50 Ey lat. 46 3x N.
LAUTERBURG, a town of Weftern
Pruflia, in the palatinate of Culm, so
niles NE of ‘Thoin.
LAUTERBURG, a town of Germany,
in the circle of the Upper Rhine, but
fubjeét to the French. It is 16 miles se
of Weiflemburg. Lon. 8 26 Fy lat. 48
43 N.
LawENBURG, 2 duchy of Germany,
in the circle of Lower Saxony, fubject to
tha eleStor of Hanover. It is 35 miles
in length, and 20 in breadth.
LAWENBURG, a contiderable town of
Lower Saxony, capital of a duchy of the
ame name, with a cattle on an eminence.
It is feated on the Elbe, 40 miles se
af Hamburg. Lon. ro g0 BE, lat. 53
26.Ne -
LAWENBURG, a town of Prutfian Po-
merania, capital of a territory of the
fame name, Lon. 17 39 F, lat. 54 33 N.
LAWINGEN, a town of Suabia, formerly
imperial, but now fubject to the duke of
Neuburg. It is feated on the Danube,
32 miles NW of Augiburg. Lon. 10 25
z, lat. 48 38 N.
Lawrence, St. the largeft river in
N America, proceeding from Lake On-
tario, from which it funs 700 miles to
the Atlantic. It is navigable for large
thips of war, as far as Quebec, which
isabove 400 miles; but beyond Montreal,
it is fo full of fhoals and rocks, that it
will not admit large veflels without
danger. It is here called the Iroquois.
LAWRENCE Kirk, 2 town in Kincar.
dinefhire, with 4 flourifhing manufacture
of lawn, cambric, linen, and other un.
ticles. It is fix miles w of Inverbervie,
Laxensure, atown of Auftria, with
a palace, where the princes of the houfe
of Auttriagofor pleature, It is feated on
b AN
LEB
a {mall river, to miles s of Vienna. Lon.
76 28 £, lat.’48 3 N.
LayvTo@nstone. See Low Layton,
Lea, a river, which rifes near Luton,
in Bedfordfhire, flows to Hertford and
Ware, and dividing Effex from Hertford -
fhire and Middlefex, falls into the
Thames, below Blackwall. | By this
river large quantities of corn and malt are
brought out of Hertfordthire to London.
LEADHILLS, a village in Lanerkthire,
fituate among the monntains. af Clydef-
dale, and faid to be the higheft human
habitation in Great Britain. Here refide
many hundreds of miners, with their
families. Thefe miners, though, in 2
great meafure, excluded from fociety by
their fituation, pay great attention to the
cultivation of the mind, and have pro-
vided a circulating library for the in-
ftruétion and amufement of the little com
munity belonging te the village.
LEAO-TONG, or CHREN-YANG, one of
the three departments of E Chinefe Tar
tary, or country of the Mantchew
Tartars, who hence entered and con-
quered China. It is bounded on the s
by the great wall of China and the gulf
of Lea-tong; and inclofed on the £, Nn,
and w, by a paliiade, conftructed of
{takes feven feet high, without either
bank of earth or ditch. Chen-yang, or
Mougden, is the capital.
LEATHERHEAD, a town in Surry,
which had formerly a market. Here is a
bridge of many arches over the river
Mole. It is 18 miles ssw of London,
LEATHES WATER, called dlfo Writ.
BURN, or THIRLMERE WATER, @ fine
lake of Cumberland, which lies s by 1
of Kefwick. It begins at the foot of
Mount Helwellyn, which it fkirts for the
{pace of four miles, receiving numerous
torrents that defeend from the moun.
tains. The fingular beauty of this lake
is its being almoft interieéted in the mid-
dle by two peninfulas, that are joined by
abridge. Its outlet joins the rapid river
Greeta, at New Bridge, and thus has a
communication with the lake ef Derwent-
Water, |
LEAWAVAy & feaport on the E coaft
of the ifland of Cevibs, which yields a
great deal of falt. Lon. 83 15 By lat. @
$0 Ny
Lesepa,, an ancient feaport of the
kingdorn of Tripoli, with a good hav.
bour, and an ald caftle. It ig deated, on
the Mediterranean, 8§ miles 8 of Tripoli,
Lon. 14 §0 By lat. 42 s0.N. ,
LEBRIXA, an ancient town of Spain,
in Andalufia, feated in @ tervitory abound.
is
st
3
ie
AR
qj
Re SEER TE AEA LENS ANS aie v
LEE -
ing in corn, wine, and olive-trees, which
produce the beft oil in Spain. It is 12
miles ne of St. Lucar. Lom 5 44 Wy’
lat. 37 8 N.
Lesus, a town of Upper Saxony in
the marquifate of Brandenburg, with a
bithop’s fee, fecularized in favour of the
houfe of Brandenburg. It is feated on
the Oder, ro miles N of Francfort, and
43 £of Berlin. Lon. 14 39 E, lat. 52
41 N,
Lecce, a populous town of Naples,
in Otranto, with a bifhop’s fee, 10 miles
w of the gulf of Venice, and 195 ESE
of Naples. Lon, 18 20 £, lat. 40 36 N.
Lecco, a town of Italy, in the
Milahefe, feated on the lake Como, 26
miles N of Milan. Lon. g 21 &, lat. 45
53_N.
LecH, 2 river of Germany, which
ries in Tirol, divides Suabia from
Bavaria, and falls into the Danube, below
Donawert.
LECHLADE, a town in Gloucefterfhire,
with a market on Tuefday, feated at the
confluence of the Lech with the Thames,
28 miles E by s of Glouceiter, and 77
w by n of London. Lon. 3 35 Wy lat.
gi 4O N,
Lecunicr, a town of Germany, in
the ele&torate of Cologne, 10 miles sw
of Cologne. Lon. 7 8 E, lat. 50 46 N.
Leck, a river of the United Provinces,
which branches off from the Rhine at
Wyck.by-Deurftede, and enters the
Merve, 10 miles £ of Rotterdam.
LECTOURE, an ancient and itreng
town of France, in the department of Gers
and late province of Armagnac, with a
caftle. It was lately an epifcopal fee, and
is fituate on a mountain, at the foot of
which runs the river Gers, 12 miles § of
Condom. Lon. o 42 £, lat. 4.3 56 N.
Lepsury, a town in Herefordhhire,
with a market on Tue(day. It is inha-
bited by many clothiers, who carry ona
great trade. It is 13 miles & of Hereford,
and 116 wNw of London. Lon, 2 17
W, lat. §2 3.N.
LepDEsMA, a itrong town of Spain, in
Leon, feated on the Tome, 20 miles
sw of Salamanca. Lon. 5 31 w, lat.
ao N,
‘Leg, a river of Ireland, which riies
oh the confines of Kerry, and flows E to
Cork, below which city it forms a fine
harbour, and enters St. George’s Channel,
‘Les, a village in Kent, in the church-
yard of which Dr. Halley, the great
aftronomer, is interred. It is fix miles
$2 of London.
Leaps, @ corporate town in the w
BE
riding of Yorkthire, with 2 market oy
‘Tueiday and Saturday. It is fituate in
a vale, which trade has rendered’ one of
the moft populous {pots in England, ‘and
is the principal of the clothing towns in
Yorkthire. te is particularly the mart for
the coloured and white broad cloths, of
which vaft quantities are fold in its cloth.
halls. That called the Mixed-Cloth.
Mal] is a building of amuzing extent, in
which the cloth is placed on benches, for
fale, every market-day; and the whole
bulinefs is tranfacted within the {pace of
an hour, without the leaf confufion.
The White-Cloth-Hall is a fimilar build-
ing. The manufactures that iupply thefe
two halls extend about ten miles to the
8, 15 to the sw, and eight to the N and
Ww; the mixed cloths being mottly made
in the neighbourhood of the river Aire,
and the white cloths in that of the Calder,
Leeds has a manufacture of camlets,
which has declined, and a flourithing
one of carpets refembling thofe of Wilts
and Scotland. Here are alfo {ome mills
for the cutting ef tobacco, and a great
pottery. Within three miles of. the
town are numerous collieries. Leeds has
a magnificent ftone bridge over the Aire,
which is navigable for boats, that carry
much coal from hence to York and Hull.
Itis 22 miles wsw of York, and 192 .N by
W of London. Lon. 1 29 Wy lat. 53 48 N.
Letrooca, one of the Friendly
(ands, in the’ S Pacific Ocean, vifited
by captain Cook in 1776. Many parts
of the country, near the fea, are fandy
and barren; but in the internal parts,
the marks of confiderable population,
and of an improved ftate of cultivation,
are con{picucws. Many of the plantations
are inclofed in fuch a manner, that the
fences, running parallel to each other,
form {pacious public roads. Large {pots,
covered with the paper mulberry-tree,
were obferved, and the plantations in ge-
neral were abundantly flocked with plants
and fruit-trees, ‘To thefe captain Cook
made fome addition, by fowing the feeds
of melons, Indian corn, &c. ‘The ifland,
is feven miles in length, and its breadth,
in forme places, not above three,
Lex, a town in Staffordthire, witha
market on Wednefday, 18 miles N of
Stafford, and 154 NNw of London. Lon.
155 Wy lat. §3 16 N.
LeERDAM, a town of the United,
Provinces, in Holland, feated on the
Linghe, 17 miles Ne of Dort. Lome 5
13.E, lat. $x 56 N. ae
LgeEROoT, a fortrefs of Germany, in E
Friefland, fated at the confimence.of the
yar’
mal
145
43
I
in
Fre
fea
To
y a
, market Fa) |
is fituate in
lered’ one of
ngland, ‘and
ag tewns in
the mart for
1 cloths, of
in its cloth.
jixed-Cloth.
Yr extent, in
yenches, for
| the whole
he {pace of
- confufion,
nilar build.
iupply thefe
niles to the
» the N and
nottly made
river Aire,
the Calder,
f camlets,
flourithing
eof Wilts
fome mills
nd a great
les of the
Leeds has
r the Aire,
that carr
and Hull.
d 192. by
t. 5348 Nn.
Friendly
any vifited
any parts
are fandy
nal parts,
opulation,
hltivation,
lantations
) that the
ch other,
krge {pots,
erry-tree,
ns in ge-
ith plants
ain Cook
the {eeds
he ifland.
breadth,
py witha
les N of
n. Lon,
United,
on the
Lon. 5
- inE
eof the
L.E,I
Lee with the Embs, 10 miles & by 5 of
Embden. .
LegsTown, @ flourifhing town of
the ftate of Kentueky, in the county of
Fayette, fedted on the & bank of the
river Kentucky. As the banks of the
river are remarkably high, there are few
croffing places; and the beit being at
Leeftown, is a circumftance which con-
tributes to its increafe. It is a few
miles w of Lexington. See Kentucky
RIVER.
LEEWARD IsLanps, that part of the
Caribbee Iflands, in the W Indies, com-
mencing at Dominica, and extending to
Porto Rico. ; ;
LEEWE, a fortified town of Auftrian
Brabant, feated on the Geete, 12 miles.
got Louvain. Lon. 5 7 &, lat. 50 53 N.
LeGuorn, a ftrong and contiderable
sity of Italy, in Tufcany. It has one
of the moft famous harbours in the Me-
diterrancan; and, being a free porg, its
commerce is prodigious. The Jews have
a handiome iynagogue and fchools, the
Greeks and Armenians have churches
of their own, and ng religion is difturbed.
The inhabitants are computed at 40,000.
The {treets are wide and ftraight, and
almoft all the houtes of the iame height.
‘There are fo many canals, that fome have
given it the tithe of New Venice. Near
the harbour is a large building, in which
they fhut up every night the Turkith
and the galley flaves. At a little diftance
is a lighthoufe, on a fmall ifland. In
1741, this city fuffered greatly by an
earthquake. On June 27, 1796, it was
entered by a French army; but the
Britith fubje&ts here, with their mer-
chandife, and all their veflels in. the
harbour, previoufly departed. It is 1o
miles s of Pifa, 45 sw of Florence, and
145 NW of Rome. Lon. 10 17 2B, lat.
pe ‘
ig tr a fortified town of Italy,
in the Veronefe. It durrendered to the
French September 13, 1796. It is
feated on the Adige, 25 miles sse of
Verona.
LEICESTER, 2 borough, and the
county-town of Leicefterthire, with a
market on Saturday, Tf is a place of
great antiquity, but mueh dvelined in
magnitude and importance, tt was
walled in formerly, but in the civil wars
the walls were in a great meafure de-
molifhed ; the caltle was alib dilinantled,
the hall and kitchen being the only parts
that are left ifitiré; and the affizes are
beld in the former, It has five churches,
LEI
fends two members to parliament, and
is governed by a mayor. The combing
and {pinning of wool into worfted, and
manufacturing it into ftockings and other’
articles, is the chief bufinefs of this
town and neighbourhood. At a parlia-
ment held here, in the reign of Henry v,
was made the firft law tor the burning
of heretics. In the meadows near the
town, are the ruins of an abbey, where
cardinal Wolfey died. Leicefter is feated
on the Soar, one of the bridges over
which, called Bow Bridge, was long
vifited by the lovers of antiquity, on
account of its having been the accidental
monument over the grave of Richard 111;
but this bridge fell in 1791, Leicefter
is z4. miles s by E of Derby, and 99
NNW of London. Lon. 1 3 Wy lat. 52
33 N.
LEICESTERSHIRE, a county of Eng-
land, bounded on the n by Nottingham-
fhire, on the E by the counties of Lin-
coln and Rutland, on the s by Northamp-
tonfhire, on the sw by Warwickthire,
and on the nw by Derbyfhire. It ex-
tends 35 miles from E to w, and 30 from
N tos; contains fix hundreds, 12 market-
towns, and 200 parithes; and fends tour
members to pailiament. The air is ex-
tremely heaithful. Its chief rivers are
the Avon, Soar, Wreke, Anker, and
Welland. The foil, in general, affords
great quantities of rich grazing land,
and is peculiarly fitted for the culture of
beans, for which it is proverbially noted.
Toward the nw, the Bardon Hills rife:
toa great height ; and, in their neighbour-
hood, lies Charnwood, or Charley Forett,
a rough and open traé&t. Further to the
NW are valuable coal mines. The we
parts feed great numbers of fheep, which
are of a very large fize, without horns,
and clothed with thick long flakes of foft:
wool. ‘The g and se part of the county
is a rich grazing tratt. This county
is famous tor its large black horfes-and
horned cattle, as well as for its theep; -
and for having bred every fpecies of .
domeftic quadruped to the utmoft per-
fection of form and Gze. ‘The manufac-
ture of flockings is the principal one in
the county,
Leici, o feaport in Effex, on a
creek at the mouth of the Thames, o
polite the & extremity of Canvey Ifland.”
{t is noted for oylters, and has a good
road for fhipping. It is 18 miles ssz
of Chelmsford, and 40 & of Lendon.
Lon. o 42 8, lat. 51 31 N.
LEIGH, 4 town in Lancafhire, whele’
a
PA HEN eae am fp
in eS pen etn Ol
tae ee ee a Reg pe %
ss
LE!
market is now difufed. It is feven miles
WNE of Warrington, and 191 NW of
London.
LEIGHTON-BuzzarD, a town in Bed-
fordfhire, with a market on Tuefday,
eonfiderable for fat cattle. It is feated
en a branch of the Oufe, 18 miles s of
Bedford, and 4: Nw of London. Lon.
@ 35 W, lat. 51 §5 N.
LEININGEN, a town of Germany, in
the palatinate of the Rhine, {even miles
sw of Worms. Lon. 8 22 E£, lat. 49
30 N.
Leina, a river of Germany, which
flows through Brunfwick-Lunen®urgh,
and pafling by Heiligenftadt, Gottingen,
Calenberg, and Hanover, falls into the
Aller.
LEINSTER, @ province of Ireland,
x12 miles long and 70 broad; bounded
onthe £ and s by St. George's Channel,
on the w by Connaught and Muntfter,
and on the n by Ulfter. It contains 32
counties and 858 parifhes. The counties
are Carlow, Dublin, Kildare, Kilkenny,
King’s County, Longford, Louth, E
Meath, Queen’s County, W Meath,
Wexford, and Wicklow. The chief
rivers are, the Barrow, Boyne, Liffey,
Neur, Urrin or Slane, and the Inny.
The air is temperate, and the foil fruittul
in corn and pattures. It is the moft level
and beft cultivated province in the king-
dom. Dublin is the capital.
Leipsicx, a ftrong city in the elec-
torate of Saxony, with a caftle, and a
famous univerfity. It carries on a great
trade; and has three great fairs every
year, which are celebrated throughout
all Germany, and la{t a fortnight each.
There are fix handfome colleges belonging
to the univerfity, befide the private col-
leges ; and the exchange is a fine ftructure.
Leipfick was taken by the Auttrians in
2632, and in 1642 by the Swedes. In
1745 and 1756, it was taken by the
Pruffians. The Auftrians in 1756 be-
fieged it in vain; they took it two years
afterward, but were {oon obliged to give
it up, It was reftored to the eleftor by
the peace of 1763. It is feated in a
lain, between the rivers Saale and
ulde, near the confluence of the Pleyile,
the Elfter, and the Barde, 40 miles nw
of Drefden. Lon. 12 25 £, lat. 51 19 N.
Leith, a feaport in Edinburgthire, on
the. frith of Forth, two miles N of
Edinburgh, of which it is the port. It
is large and populous, and being fituate
an both fides of the harbour, is divided
me x ana S Leith. The hasbour is
LEM
feeured by a noble ftone pier, at the
mouth of a little river, called the Water
of Leith; and is accommodated with an
elegant draw bride and a good quay.
The commerce of Leith is very contider-
able; and the veffels employed in the
London trade are, ip general, of a large
fize; but the largeft thips are thofe em-
ployed in the Greenland whale fifhery.
To Germany, Holland, and the Baltic,
are exported lead, glafs ware, linen,
woollen ftuffs, and a variety of other
goods; as alfo to the other countries of
Europe, the W Indies, and America.
Ships of great fize are built at this port;
and here are feveral extenfive rope-walks.
There are alfo flourithing manufaétures
of bottle-glafs, window-glats, and cryftal ;
a great carpet manufacture, a foap-work,
and fome iron forges. There are three
churches in Leith, and an ancient hof-
pital for difabled feamen. Lon. 3 7 w,
lat. 560 N.
Leirrim, acounty of Ireland, in the
province of Connaught, bounded on the
N by Donegal Bay, on the NE by Fer.
managh, on the 2 by Cavan; by Long-
ford on the sz, Rofcommon on the sw,
und Sligo on the w. It is 42 miles
long, and 17 broad; is a fertile country,
and, though mountainous, produces great |
herds of black-cattle. It contains 21
arifhes, and fends fix members to par-
1ament.
LEITRIM, the county-town of Leitrim,
in Ireland; formerly a place of fome
note, of which St. Liegus was bifhep.
It is feated on the Shannon, five miles Nn
of Carrick, and-80 Nw of Dublin. Lon.
8 30 w, lat. 53 57 N.
LEIxsLiP, a town of Iréland, in the
county of Kildare, feated on the Liffey,
It has a noble caftle, with large gardens,
on one fide of which is a fine waterfall,
called the Salmon leap. Near it are the
ruins of the church and caftle of Confy.
Leixflip is eight miles w of Dublin.
LemBurG, or Lzopoup, a large
commercial city of Poland, capital of
the palatinate of Red Ruffia, and now
of the Auftrian kingdoms of Galacia and
Lodomeria. It is well fortified, and
defended by two citadels, one of which
is on an eminence without the city.
The fquare, churches, and public build-
ings, are magnificent, It has a Roman
catholic archbifhop, and an Arme-
nian and Ruffian bifhop. In 1672, it
was befieged in vain by the Turks; but
in 1704 was taken by ftorm, by Charles
xu, of Sweden. [t is feated on the
er, at the
the Water
medi is an
0 uay.
y cohhide,.
“ a the
or 2 lar,
thofe on
le fihery.
he Baltic,
re, linen,
of other
untries of
America.
this port ;
pe-walks,
1ufaétures
d cryftal ;
ap-work,
are three
sient hof-
37 W,
d, in the
-d on the
by Fer.
y Long-
the sw,
42 miles
country,
ces great.
tains 22
to par-
eitrim,
of fome
bithep.
miles N
» Lon.
in the
Liffey,
fardens,
hterfall,
are the
Confy,
in.
large
ital ef
d now
ia and
» and
which
city.
build.
Roman
Arme,
725 it
3 but
arles
the
LEN
Peltu, 90 miles nw of Kaminieck, and
150 E of Cracow. Lon. 24 26 £, lat. 49
IN.
, LEMBRO, the ancient Imbros, an ifland
of the Archipelago, on the coaft of Ro-
mania, 22 miles in circumference, with
a town ot the fame name and a harbour.
Lon. 26 o£, lat. 40 25 N.
LemGow, a town of Weftp!alia, in
the county of Lippe, 17 miles N of Pa-
derborn. Lon, 9 0 8, lat. §2 5 N.
LemMNos, a celebrated ifland of the
Archipelago, now called SratiMeEne,
fituate near the ftrait of Gallipoli. It
is above 112 miles in circumference ac-
cording to Pliny, who fays that it is often
fhadowed by Mount Athos, though at the
diftance of 87 miles. The poets made it
facred to Vulcan, who was hence called
Lemnius Pater. Lemnos was alfo cele-
brated for its labyrinth, of which, not
a trace remains; and what hiftorians
relate of it ferves only to excite, but not
to gratity, curiofity. ‘The modern Greeks
entertain the fame opinion of that earth
of Lemnos, which is faid to have cured
Philogtetes, and which Galen went to
examine. It is never dug up but on one
particular day of the year, and then with
all the pomp of ceremony. This earth,
called Terra Sigillata, formed into {mall
loaves, and fealed with the grand fignior’s
feal, is then difperfed over all Europe.
The greateft virtues are attributed to it;
and yet a chymift can diicover nothing
but a mere clayey earth, incapable of
producing the effeéts that have been at-
tributed to it. Lemnos is tubject to the
Turks; but the inhabitants are almoft
all Greeks, and very induitrious. Its
capital is of the iame name, and the fee
of a Greek archbifhop. Lon. 25 28 &,
lat. 40 3 N.
Lena, a large river of Siberia, which
flowing in a northerly dire&tion, receives
16 other rivers, and falls into the Frozen
Ocean, by feveral mouths.
Lencicia, a ftrong town of Poland,
capital of a palatinate of the fame name,
with a fort, ona rock. It ftands in a
mora{s, on the river Blura, 37 miles sz
of Gnefna, and 110 N by w of Cracow.
Lon.-18 20 E, lat. §2 10 N.
LENHAM, a town in Kent, with a
market on Tuefday, feated on an emi-
nence, ro miles g£ of Maidftone, and
47 ESE cf Lendon. Lon. 45 £, Iat.
gr 18 N. " pe wet
Lennox. See DUMBARTONSHIRE.
LENS, a town of Fraticé, in the de-
partment of the Straits of Calais and
°
2
LEO
Inte province of ‘ rtois, eight miles ng
of Arras aud gs. Paris.
LENTINI, or LEONTINI, an ancient
town of Sicily. in the valley of Noto. It
was greatly damaged by an earthquake in
1693, and is feated on a river of the fame’
name, 17 miles sw of Catania. ‘
LinzBurRG, a town of Swifferland,
in the canton of Bern, feated on a fmall
Viver, eight miles w ot Baden.
V.uOGANE, 2 town and fort of the W
Indics, with a good harbour, on the w
fide of St. Domingo. It was taken b
the Englifh and the French royalifts in
January 1794, but retaken by the repub-=
licans in Oétober following ; and it was
unfuccefsfully attacked by the Englifh in
March 1796. Lon. 72 37 W, lat. 1838 Ne
Leominster, a borough in Heretorde
fhire, with a market on Friday. It is
famous for its fine wool, fends two mem-
bers to parliament, and is feated’ on the
Lug, 25 miles w by n of Worcefter, and
137 WNw of London. Lon. 2 35 w, lat.
52 20 Ne Ry"
Luo, Sr.a ftrong town of Italy, in
the duchy of Urbino, with a bithop'e
fee. It is feated on a mountain, near
the river Marrechia, eight miles sw of
San Marino, and 15 NW of Urbino,
Lon. 1225 8, lat. 43 55N. ;
Leon, a fertile province of Spain,
formerly a kingdom, bounded on the N
by the Afturias, on the w by Galicia
and Portugal, on the s by Eftramadura,
and on the gE by Old Caitile. ' It ‘is 125
miles in length, and 100 in breadth,. and
is divided into almoft two equal parts by
the river Douero.
LEON, a city of Spain, capital of a
province of that name, built by the
Romans in the time of Galba.* It is a
bifhop’s fee, and has the fineft cathedral
in all Spain, It was’ formerly richer and
more populous than at prefent; and boatts
the honour of ‘being the ‘capital of the
firft Chriftian kingdom in Spain.“ It is
feated between two fources of the rivet
Efia, 50 miles sz of Oviedo, and 165
N by w of Madrid. Lon. 5 13 w, lat.
2 49 -N. , haan ay:
Leon, New, a kingdom of N Ame-
rica, lying between ‘New México on the
N, the gulf of Mexico cit the 5 ‘Paftico
on the s, and New Bifcay on the W. |”
LEON DE NICARAGUA, a town’ of
New’Spain, in Nicaragua; thé réfidence
of the povernor, and a bifhop’s, fee, It
was taken by the buccaneers in 1685, in
fight of a Spanifh‘army, who wete fix to.
one, It is feated As the’ foot of 2 y
LER
no, at thé Nw extremity of the lake
icaragua, 30 miles from the Pacific
Ocean, and 164 NW of Niagura. Jon.
88 10 W, lat. 12 25. N.
LEONARD. LE NOBLET, ST. an an-
cient town of France, in the department
of Upper Vienna and late territory of
Limotin, with a conliderable manufacture
of paper, and another of cloth for clothing
the army. It is feated on the Vienna,
12 miles NE of Limoges, and 195 s of
Paris. Lon. 1 32 £, lat. 45 54.N.
LEONHART, a town of Germany, in
Carinthia, 42 miles & of Clagenturt.
Lon. 15 23 £, lat. 46 57 N.
Leonrini. See LENTINI.
Leopoip. See Lempura.
LEOPOLDSTADT, a ftrong town of
Upper Hungary, built by the emperor
Leopold: in 1665. It is feated on the
Waag, 36 miles Nw of Neuhauicl, and
62 z of Vienna. Lon. 18 6 &, lat. 48
35.N. _
LaPpantTo, a contiderable feaport of
Livadia, with an archbithop’s fee. It
is buidt on 2 mountain, in the form of a
ugar-loat, and is divided into four towns,
furrounded by as many walls, and eam-
manded by a caftle. Whe harbour is
fmail, and may be fhut up by a chain;
¢he entrance being but fifty feet wide.
' It. was teken by the Venetians from the
Turks, in 1687, but was evacuated, in
7699, im confequence of the treaty of
Carlowitz. Near this town, don John
oY Auftria obtained a ramous victory
over the Turkith fleet, im 1571. ‘Ihe
produce of the adjacent country is winc,
oil, corn, rice, Turkey leather, and
tobacco. The Turks have tm or feven
mofques here, and the Grecks two
churches. It is feated on the gult of
Lepanto, #00 miles wNw of Athens, and
350 sw of Conftamtinople. Lon. 22 0k,
lat. 38 30 N.
LePers, ISLE OF, one of the New
Hebrides, in the S Pacific Ocean. Lon.
268 o£, lat. 15 235.
Leria, or LeiRta, a town of Por-
— in, Eittramadura, with a -cattle,
and a bifhop’s fee, It was tormerly the
refidence ot the kings of Portugal; and is
30 miles s of Coimbra, and 60 N ot Lif-
bon. Lon. 8 46 wy lat. 39 47 N.
Lerici, a feaport of Ita! on the
E coaft of the gulf of Specia, in. the
territory of Genoa. Lon. 9g §5 1, lat.
44.5 Ne
LERIDA, an ancient and ftyong town
f Spain, in Catalonia, with a bifhop’s
ée, a univerfity, and a caftle. This
LES
place declared for Charles 111, after the
reduction of Barcelona, in 1705, but it
was retaken by the duke of Orleans in.
1707, after the battle of Almanza. It is
feated on a hill, on the river. Segra, 16
miles sw of Balaguer, and 200 Nw of
Madrid, Lon. 0 45 £, lat. 41 44.N.
Lerins, the name of two iflands in the
Mediterranean, on the coaft of France,
five miles from Antibes. That néaref
the ccatt, called St. Margaret, was
guarded by invalids, ftate-prifoners having
formerly been fent here. It was taken
by the Englifh in 1746, but retaken in
3747. Lhe other is called St. Honorat,
and had lately a Benedictine abbey.
LERMA, a town in Spain, in Old Cat-
tile, feated on the Arlanza, with a
palace and a park. Lon. 3 25 w, lat.
42 160 .N,
LerNica, atownof Cyprus, formerly
a large city, as appears trom its ruins.
It is fituate on the s coat of the ifland,
where there is a geod road, and a jimall
fort for its defence.
Lere, or Leros, ancicntly Leria,.
an ifland ef the Archipelago, on the coaft
of Natolia. Lon. 270 &, lat. 370 N.
Lerwick, the chief town of the
Shetland [flands, fituate on the -E fide
ot Mainland, the principal Hland, It
is the rendezvous of the fifhing bufles
from Britain, Holland, Denmark, and
other parts. Lon. 1 30 Wy, lat.° 60
20 N.
Lescar, a town of France, in the de-
pariment ot the Lower Pyrenees and late
territory of Béarn. It was lately a
bifhop’s fee; and is feated.on a hill, three
miles NW of Pau, and 42 SE of Bayonne.
Lon. o 7 Wy, lat. 43.17 N-
LesGuts, one of the feven Caueafian
nations, between the Black Sea and the
Caipian. ‘Fheir country is indifferently
called by the Georgians, Lefguiftan, or
Dagheftan. It is bounded on the s and
z by Perfia and the Cafpian; on the sw
and w by Georgia, the Of, and Kitth,
and on the nw by the Kilti and Tartur
tribes. It is divided into a variety of dif-
tricts, generally independent, and governed
by chiefs elected by the people. The
Lefguis are {wppoied to be defcended
from the tribes of mountaineers, known
to ancient geographers under the name of
Lefge or Ligyes. The ftrength of their
country, which is a region of mountains
whofe paffes are known only to them-
felves, has probably, at all times, {e-
cured them from foreign invafion. ‘They
fubfift by railing cattle, and by ‘ree
after ther
5> but it
leans in
za. It is
Segra, 16
1 NW of
44.N.
nds in the
f France,
at néareft
rety Was
es having
yas taken
etaken in
Honorat,
bey.
Old Cat-
. with a
5 wy, lat.
, formerly
its ruins.
the ifland,
ad a imall
ly Leria,.
1 the coak
37 0N~,
4 of the
he .£. fide
fland. It
ng bufles
ark, and
lat.* Go
in the de-
s and late
lately a
ull, three
Bayonne.
Caueafian
and the
ifferently
uftan, or
the s and
nthe sw
hd Kilti;
Tartar
ty of dif
governed
e. The
efcended
» known
name of
of their
hountains
o them-
mes, {es
; eney
by ‘te
LEV
datory expeditions into the countries of
their more wealthy neighbours. During
the troubles in Perfia, toward the begin-
ning..of this century, they repeatedly
facked the towns of Shamachie and
Ardebil, and ravaged the neighbouring
diftriéts. In their perions and drefs,
and general habits of lite, as far as
thefe' are known to us, they greatly re-
femble the Cireatlians.
LESKEARD, a borough in Cornwall,
with ‘a! nsarket on Saturday. It had
formerly a cattle, now in ruins, and is
one ‘of the.coinage towns for tin. It
fends' two members to parliament, is
governed by a mayor, and has a con-
fiderable manufacture of yarn. It is 41
miles ENE of ‘Truro, and 221 w by 5 of
London.’ Lon. 4 36 W, lat. 50 27 Ne .
LESPARE, a town of /‘rance, in the
department of Gironde and late province
of Guienne. -In its environs are found
traniparent uae refembling the falfe
diamonds of Alengon, and known >y
the name of Medoc ftones. . It -is 30
miles NNW of Bourdeaux.
LEessiINes, a‘ town of Auftrian Hai-
nault, famous for its linen manufaéture.
It is feated on the Dender, fix miles NE
ot Ath, and 28 sw of Bruffels. Lon.
346 Ww, lat. gr 40N. !
LESTwITHIé£, a borough: ix -Corn-
wall, with a market on!Friday. It is
feated in a vale, on the Fowey, not far
from its fall into Fowey Haven. Formerly
fhips came as far as the: town; but the
channel. isnow ftopped up. Here is a
woollen manufacture; and it is one of
the tin coinage towns, - It is governed
by a mayor, and fends two members to
arliament. Near it, on the edge of a
ill, is Leftormal-Cattle, formerly the re-
fidence of the dukes of Cornwall; it is
furrounded by a ditch, which was for-
merly filled with water, brought by
a from an adjoining hill; and on the
igher fide, leading to the principal gate,
traces of buildings are to be found.
Leftwithiel is 59 miles WNw of Plymouth,
and 230 w by s of London. Lon. 4 48
W, lat. 50 27 N.
LETTERE, a commercial town of
Naples, in Principato Citeriore, with a
bifhop’s fee. It is feated at the back of
a mountain, 12 miles Nw of Salerno, and
a0 SE of Naples.
Levant. This word properly figni-
fies the East; but it is generally ufed,
when {peaking of trade, for TURKEY IN
Asta; comprehending Natolia, Syria,
Paleitine, the ifland of Candia, &c» The
LEU
Levanr Sea means the £ part of the
Mediterrariean Sea,
LEVANTINE WALLEY, a valley of
Swifferland, on ‘the confines of Italy,
lying between’ Mount St. Gothard and
the lake Maggiore. It is divided into
two parts by the river Tefino; and is
eight leagues long, but the breadth fh.
confiderable. “The lower part is popn-
lous, rich in pafturage, and produces
much hemp and flax. "The houfes are
entirely of wood, and have externally the
appearance of Swifs cottages, but a
neglect of cleanlinefs proves the vicinity
and greater fimilarity to the Italians.
It is a bailiwic, tubje& to the canton
.of Uri; and Offogna, ‘the refidence pf
the bailiff, confifts only of a few houfes.
LEUCATE, a town of Francé, it, the
department of Aude and late province of
Languedoc, 18 miles s of Narbonne.
Lon. 39 E, lat. 430 N.
LEUCHSTENBERG, a town of Ger-
many, in the upper palatinate of Bavaria,
feated on a mountain, near the’ river
Etreimpt, 50 miles nw’ of Ratifbon.
Lon: 12 26 £, lat. 49 40 N.
Leven, Locn, a ‘beautiful lake in
Kinrofsthive, 12 miles in circumference,
and fomewhat of a circular form. It has
feveral {mall iflands, on one of which is
a ruinous caftle. Here the unfortunate
Mary queen of Scots was confined by the
confederate lords, ‘after the murder of
‘her hufband lord Darnley,’ and her mar-
riage with Bothwell; but fhe efcaped in
1568, by the affiftance of the brother of
the governor of the ‘caftle. Another
ifland, named St. Serf’s Ifle, is faid to
have been a refidence of the’ Pi&ith
prietts:: it was afterward the feat of a
priory, of which fome remains are to be
igen. This lake produces trout of p¢-
culiar excellence; of which great quan.
tities, at certain feafons, are fent to the
‘Edingburgh markets. In autumn, a fine
gular {pecies, called the gully trout, ig
here falted and dried for winter provifion.
LEVEN, a river in Dumbartonfhire,
which iffies from Loch Lomond; and, after
a meandering courfe through a delightful
vale, enters the eftuary of the Clyde,
below Dumbarton. his river is the
fubject of a beautiful ode by Dr. Smollet,
and on the w fide of it is a pillar ere&ted
to his memory.
Leuont; a village of France, m the
department of Upper Saone and late pro.
vince of Franche Comté, lying to the g
of Vefoul, Here is a cavern, 35 paces
deep, and 60 wide, Sta ferves as a bas
m
LEW LEX
yometer to all the country people. A fog, defeated in 1644. It is 25 miles we of
at the entrance of this glacier, is an in- Gran. Lon, 18 31 BE, lat..48 21 N.
fallible fign of rain the next day. From Lewes, a borough in Suflex, with a
the roof, which is 50 feet high, defcends market on Saturday. It contains fix
columns of ice, of a cvaletons fize. parifh. churches, and is feated on ‘the
The brook, which runs through a part Oufe, which is navigable here for barges.
of this grotto, is frozen in fummer, but The affizes are fometimes held here; and
* flows in winter. it fends two members to parliament.
Leuk, a town of Swifferland, in the Near this town was fought a battle in
Upper Vallais, feated on an eminence, 1263, when Heary 111, and his fon prince
near the Rhone. It is one of the inde- Edward (afterward Edward 1) were
pendent commonwealths of the Upper made prifoners by the earl of: Leicefter.
Vallais, and is reuarkable for its {prings, Lewes is fituate at the edge of the South
whofe water is fo hot, that it will boil Downs, on the declivity of a hill, on
‘anegg. Leukis much frequented inthe which are the remains of an ancient
fummer, on account of thefe fprings, caftle, It is 30 miles & of Chicheiter,
which nearly relemble, thofe of Bath; and 49 s of London. Lon. o 5 8, lat.
‘but ‘the accominodations are inconve- 50 55 N.
nient: formerly they were tolerably good; = Lewis, one of the moft confiderable of
. But, in 1719, a vaft body of fhow fell the Weftern Iflands of Scotland, which
with fuch impetuofity from a neighbour- being connegied by a narrow ifthmus
ing glacier, as to overwhelm the greateft with Harris, forms but one ifland,
part of the houfes and the baths, and to which is about 60 miles in length, and
deftroy a number of the inhabitants. of confiderable breadth toward the middle
Lon. 7 39 EB, lat. 46 12 N. and north end. It is greatly interfected
Levrovux, a town of France, in the by arms of the fea, by which it may be
department of Indre and late province of {aid to be divided into five peninfulas.
Berry, with a caftle, 35 miles sw of The country, in general, is wild, bleak,
Bourges. Lon. 1 40 £, lat. 47 0 N. barren of wood, and little fitted for cul-
LeEuseE, a town of Auftrian Hainault, tivation: the hills are covered with heath,
feated on the Dender, 14 miles Nw of which affords fhelter for various forts of
Mons. Lon. 3 45 E, lat. 50 35 N. game. ‘The lakes and ftreams abound
_ Lgurxirk, a free imperial town of with falmon, large red trout, &c. and
-Suabia, feated on.arivulet that falls into there are good fifheries on the coatt,
the Iller, 22 miles Nz of Lindau. Lon. Stornaway is the only town in Lewis.
10 12 B, lat. 47 53 N. This ifland belongs to Rofsthire. There
LEUTMERITZ, a town of Bohemia, are f{everal inferior ifles and rocks, com-
capital of a circle of the fame name, prehended under Invernefsthire. The
with a bifhop’s fee. It is feated onthe whole lies 20 miles Nw of the ifle of
Elbe, 30 miles Nw of Prague, and 40 Skye.
se of Drefden. Lon. 14 30 £, lat. 50 LEWISBURGH, the county-town of pr
“41 N. Mifflin, in Pennfylvania, feated on the Mil
LEWARDEN, a populous and ftrong Juniata, Lon, 77 39 W, lat. 40 35.N. al
town of the United Provinces, capitalof | Lewismwam, a village in Kent,: on fi
‘Friefland. The buildings, as well public the river Ravenfbourn, five miles sz of oO
as private, are magnificent. It has fe- London. The church is an elegant new L
“veral canals in the ftreets, which are a edifice. N
“great affiftance to its trade; efpecially LEXINGTON, the capital of the Rate J
‘ds they are continued not only to the fea, of Kentucky, and county of Fayette. F
ut to the moft confiderable towns inthe Near this town are to be feen curious a
‘province. It is 27 miles w of Gro- {epulchres, full of human tkeletons, which :
‘ningen, and 65 N by & of Amfterdam, were thus fabricated: firft on the ground
‘Lon. 5 32 £, lat. 53 11 N. were laid large broad ftones; on thefe Q
LEWENSTEIN, a town of Franconia, were placed the bodies, feparated: from r
capital of a county of the fame name, each other by broad ftones, covered with 1
with’a fortrefs, 10 miles E of Hailbron, others, which ferved as.a bafis for the I
and 30 NNE of Stutgard. Lon. 9 38 £, next arrangement of bodies. In this order I
lat. 49°18 N. ne they are built, without mortar, growing f
LEWENTZ, 2 town of Upper Hungary, fill narrower to the height’ of .a man. :
in the couhty of Gran, and on a river of ‘This method of burying appears to be to-
the fame name, where the Turks were tally different from that now prattifed by
iles WE of
21 N.
x, with a
Ntains fix
d on ‘the
or barges.
here; and
wliament,
battle in
on prince
1) were
Leicefter.
the: South
hill, on
| ancient
hicheiter,
5 B, lat,
erable of
1, which
ithmus
: ifland,
rth, and
e middle
terlected
may be
infulas.
_ bleak,
for cul.
1 heath,
forts of
abound
Cc. and
coatt,
Lewis.
There
) com.
The
ifle of
nm of
pn the
SN.
ty, On
SE of
new
fate
vette,
rious
hich
ound
thefe
from
with
the
brder
ving
man.
to-
t by
LEI Y
the Indians. In the neighbourhood alfo,
are the remains of two ancient fortifi-
cations, with ditches and haftions ; one
containing about fix acres of land, and
the other nearly three. Pieces of earthen
veffels have alfo been ploughed up near
Lexington ; a maufacture with which the
Indians were never acquainted. ‘Thefe,
with the fortifications, and the fepulchres,
have been urged as an argument, that
this country was formerly inhabited by a
eople different from the prefent Indians,
and ree advanced than they in the
arts of fife; and Mr. Filfon, in his ac-
count of this country, has advanced
arguments to prove, that thefe people
were; in all probability, an ancient
colony from Wales. Lexington ftands
at the head of the river Elkhorn, 470
miles w of Wafhington. Lon. 85 10 w,
lat. 38 20 N.
LEYDEN, a city of the United Pro-
vinces, in Holland, four miles and a half
in circumference. It has eight gates,
and contains 50 iflands, and 145 bridges,
the greateft part built of freeftone. ‘The
vracipal church is a fuperb ftruéture,
waofe high roof is fupported by three
rows of columns;.and the reft of the
public buildings are very handfome.
There are feveral large hofpitals, and a
univerfity, which has generally 200 ftu-
dents, though there are but two colleges ;
for the fcholars board in the town, and
have no drefs to diftinguifh them. The
{chool confifts of a large pile of brick
building, three ftories high; in the up-
permoft of which the famous Elzevir had
his printing-office. Adjoining to the
{chool is the phyfic-garden, where the
profeffor reads leStures in botany. The
library contains curious manufcripts ;
and the theatre for anatomy is one of the
fineft in Europe. Here are manufactures
of the beft cloths and ftuffs in Holland.
Leyden is famous for the long fiege it
fuftained in 1573, againft the Spaniards.
It is feated near the ancient bed of the
Rhine, four miles £ of the German Ocean,
and 20 sw of Amfterdam. Lon. 4 33
E, lat. 51 10 N.
LEYTE, one of the fate Lig Iflands,
about 40 leagues in length, and 95 in
circumference. its foil, on the E fide,
is very xertile; but there are high
mountains that cut it almoft through the
middle from £ to w, and occafion fo
great an alteration in the climate, that
when the inhabitants of one part of the
ifland reap, the others fow; and they have
two plentiful harvefts in the year, te
LIG
which the rivers defcending from the
mountains not a little contribute. The
ifland contains go0o inhabitants, who
pay tribute to the Spaniards, in rice,
wax, and quilts. Lon. 125 o £, Jat,
II ON.
LEZINA, a town of Naples, in Capi-
tanata, feated on a bay of the gulf ‘of
Venice, 75 miles ne of Naples. Lon.
15 14 Ey lat. 41 44.N.
LiBANUsS, mountains of Turkey in
Afia, which lie between Syria and Palef-
tine, extending from w to E from the Medi-
terranean Sea as faras Arabia. ‘The fum.
mits of thefe mountains are always covered
with fnow; but below are very fruitful
vallies. They were formerly famous
for cedar-trees; but now fcarcely any
remain. Geographers diftinguifh them
into Libanus and Anti-Libanus: the
latter lies on the s fide of the valley,
rifing near the ruins of Sidon, and ter-
minates at others in Arabia, in lat. 34.
They are feparated from each other at
an equal diftance throughout, and form a
country, called by the ancients Coelofyria.
LiBAU, a feaport of Courland, on the
Baltic, 45 miles n of Memel. Lon. 21
40 Ey lat. 56 41 N.
LiBOURNE, a populous town of France,
in the department of Gironde and late
province of Guienne. It is one of the
ftaples of the commerce of Bourdeaux,
and is feated on the Dordogne, 20 miles
NE of Bourdeaux, and 205 s by w of
Paris. -Lon. 0 12 w, lat. 44 58 N.
Li¢u, or Lica, a town of Germany,
in the landgravate of Heffe, and county of
Solms, 21 miles n of Francfort. Lon. 8
42 E, lat. sors N.C
LICHFIELD, a city in Staffordthire,
with a market on Tuefday and Saturday.
It is a county of itfelf, and unites with
Coventry in forming one epifcopal fee.
It has three parifh-churches, befide the
cathedral, a freefchool, and two hofpitals,
Lichfield fends two members to par-
liament, and. is feated in a fine champaign
country, 14 miles se of Stafford, and
119 NW Of London. Lon. 1 44 w, lat.
52 54.N.
LICHTALLEN, or LIESTAL, a town
of Swifferland, in the county of Bafil,
feated on the Ergetz, eight miles se of
of Bafil. Lon. 7 39 £, lat. 47 29 N.
LICHTENBERG, a caftle of France, in
the department of Lower Rhine -and late
province of Alface, feated on a rock, near
the Vofges mountains, and confidered as
impregnable, - It is 12 miles NNW @]
Haguenau .
¥ 3
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LIE
_LICHTENBURG, a town of Franconia,
in the margravate of Cullembach, 20
miles Ne of Cullembach, Lon. 122 £.
lat. 50 25 N. t
LICHTENFELS, a town of Franconia,
in the bifhopric of Bamberg, {eated on
the Maine, 15 miles,NE of Bamberg.
Lon. 11 12 £, lat. 50 16 N.
LICHTENSTEIG, a town of Swiffer-
land, capital of the county of Tock-
enburg, {vated on the Thur, 33 miles £
of Zuric. Lon. 8 £, lat. 47'15N.
Licova, a lake in the kingdom of
Naples, formerly famous for excellent
fifth; but, in 1538, an earthquake hap-
pened, which changed one part of it into
a mountain of. afhes, and the other into
a morafs. It was anciently known by the
name of the Lucrine Lake.
_LIDA, a town of Lithuania, in the pa-
Jatinate of Wilna, 56 miles s of Wilna.
Lon. 25 34 £, lat. 53 50 N.
Liprorp, « village in Devonhhire,
on the river Lid, feven miles nN of Ta-
viftock. It was once a borough, with
a caftle; and its parifh may now compare
for lands and liberties with any in the
kingdom, the whole foreft of Dartmoor
being in the verge of it. The bridge
is thrown over a part of the river that is
pent between two high rocks; and near
it is a fine cataract.
LippEL, a river in Roxburghhhire,
and: the only one in that county that
flows fouthward. . It falls into Solway
Frith, nevr the mouth of the Efk.
LIpDISDALE, a diftriét. in Roxburgh-
ire, comprehending the fouthern angle
of that ‘county. It admits of little
cultivation, and is chicfly employed in
patture. . :
LIECHTENAU, a town of Franconia,
in the margravate of Anipatch, 17 miles
8 of Neuremburg, and fubject to that
city. Lon. 12 12 £, lat. 49:10 N.
1EGE, a bithopric of ‘Weltphalia,
bounded on the N by Brabant and: Gucl-
derland, on the E by the duchies of
Limburg and Juliers, on the s by Lux-
emburg and the Ardennes, and on the
w by Brabant and the county of Namur.
At is fruitful in’ corn and fruits,’ and
contains mines of iron, lead, and coal,
befide quarries of marble. The bithop
As eleted by the chapter, compofed of
60 canons; he is. one of the moft con-
fiderable ecclefiaftical princes of Ger-
any, and has -an annual revenue. o
$300,000 ducats.. es
EGF, an ancient and poputous city
eftphalia, capital of a bidhopric of
LIE
the fave name, with a caftle. Here the:
river Maefe is divided into three branches,
which, after having paffed through the
city, under feveral bridges, unite again.
Liege is four miles in circumference, and
has 150 ftrects, and 16 gates: it has al‘o
10 large fuburbs, in which are @ great
number of religious houfes and churches ;
which laft, with thofe in the city, make
toinall. The cathedral contains many
relics; and the other public ftru€tures are
the bifhop’s palace, the townhoufe, and
the arfenal: here is alfo a famous univer-
fity, and a convent of Englifh nuns. At
this place is made a great quantity of
fire-arms, which are exported to different
countries. It was bombarded in-1691,
and delivered up to the French in 1701.
The allies retcok it in 1702, and the
French befieged it again in 1705, but
were obliged to raife the fiege, on the ap-
proach of the duke of Marlborough. In
1734, a fire happened here, which con-
fumed the bifhop’s palace, with all the
furniture and writings. In 1789, the
inhabitants having complained of the -
prefhon which they experienced under the
government of their bift op, at laft infifted
upon a charter of privileges. As the
bifhop and chapter did not comply with
their demands, they had recourfe to arms ;
and the bifhop, apprehenfive for his fafe-
ty, left the city, and appealed to the im-
rial chamber of Wetzlar. That cham-
er iffued decrees in his favour: the king
of Pruffia, in 1790, feemed to act asa
mediator for the citizens: the fentences,
however, iffued by the imperial chamber
againit the infurgents, were followed by
requifitorial letters, addrefled to the go-
vernment of the Auftrian Netherlands,
defiring that his imperial majefty’s troops
would affift thofe of the electoral princes,
in enforcing their decrees: in contabienvs
of which, the Auttrians satered Liege in
1791, reftored the old magistracy that had
been expelled, to their functions, and re-
inftated the bifhop and chapter. In
1792, the French took the city, and ef-
feéted another revolution; but being dri-
ven thence, in 1793, the citizens were
once niore ebliged ‘to fubmit. Liege is
15 miles sw of Maeftricht, and 62
sw of Cologne. Lon. 5 408, fat. 50
37_N.
LigN-TCHEOU-FOU, a city and fea-
port of China, in the province of Quang-
tong. Its territories border on the king-
dom of Tonquin, f:om which it is fepa-
rated by inacceifible mountains, It is
925 miles sw of Canton,
L1IG LIM
LizOU-KIEOU, the general name of 36 miles s of Glogaw. Lon. 16 368, lat. gz
iflands lying between Corea, Formofa,and 10 N.
Japan. They form a-powerful empire, | Licny, a tewn of France, in the de-
the inhabitants of which are civilized, partment of Meufe and late duchy of
and ought not to be confounded with the Bar, witha caftle, a collegiate church, and
other favage natione difperfed throughout a handiome park. Ie is feated on the
the iflands ef Afia. Each ifland has a Orney, eight miles sz of Bar-le-Duc and
particular name; the largeft and principal, 125 of Paris. Lon. 5 268, lat. 48 39N.
£alled Lieou-kieou, extends 146 miles LiGon, a feaport in the peninfula of
from N to 8, and 38 from Etow. They Malacca, capital of a fimall territory of
have a king, who is tributary to China. the fame name, with a magazine belong-
Kint-ching, the capital, inCheculi, the s ing to the Dutch E India Company. It
art of Licou-kieou, lies inlon. 127 30 £, is Jeated on the gE coaft. Lon. 100 § E,
at. 26 2°N. : lat. 7 40 N.
Liere, atown of Auftrian Brabant, LiGugIL, a town of France, “1 the
at the jundion of the Great and Little department of Indre and Loire and late
Nethe, nine miles NNE of Mechlin, and province of Touraine, feated on a brook,
32 sz of Antwerp. Lon.4 168, lat.51 23 miles ssz of Tours. Lon. @ 52 Ey
9 N. lat. 47 3.N.
Liesina, an ifland of Venetian Dal- LILLERS, a town of France, in the
matia, in the gulf of Venice. It is 58 department of the Straits of Calais and
miles long and 12 bread, and abounds in late province of Artois, feated on the Na-
com, olives, faffron, and wine. vez, 17 miles nw of Arras. Lon. 2
Lies1Nna, a feaport of Dalmatia, capi- 35 E, lat. 50 30 Nn,
tal of an ifland ot the ‘ame name, with a LiLo, a fort of Dutch Brabant, on
bithop’s fee, and a fort.on an inacceffible the £ fide of the Scheld, feven miles Nn of
mountain. Itwas attacked by the Turks Antwerp. It was taken, in 1793, by
in 1500, but they were defeated. Lon. the French, who foon after evacuated it,
16 23 E, lat. 43 30 N. retaking it, however, in 1794. Lon. 4
LIESKENSHOECK, 2 fortrefs of Dutch 18 E, lat. 50 30 N.
' Flanders, on the w fide of the Scheld, Lima, a city, capital of Peru, with an
oppofite Fort Lillo, and feven miles yw archbifhop’s fee, and a univerfity. In
of Antwerp. 1534, Pizarro, marching through the
LrEssE, a town of France, in the de- coun*ry, was ftruck with the beauty and
partment of Aifne and Jate province of fertility of the extenfive vaHey of Rimac.
Picardy, famous for am image of the vir- There, on a final] river of the fame name
gin Mary, to which a great number of with the Wa’ f at the diftance of five
pilgrims ufed to refort. It is fix miles g miles from Callao, the moft commodious
af Laon, Lon. 3 51.2, lat. 49 35.N. harbour in the Pacific Ocean, he founded
Ligstrat,or LigcHstTaL. See Licu- acity, and gave it the name of Ciudad de
TALLEN, los Reyes. This name it retains among
Lirrey, a river of Ireland, which the Spaniards in all legal deeds, but is
vifes in the county of Wicklow, runs w better known to foreigners by that of
thence into Kildare, and then turning ne Lima, a corruption of the ancient Appel-
pares through the county of Dublin, and dation of the valley in which it is teated.
y the city of that name, below which it J.ima gives its name to the principal
Salls-into the Irith Sea. audience of Peru, and is furrounded
Lirrorn, a town of Ireland, in the brick walls, with ramparts and battions.
county of Donegal, 24 miles NE of Do- The ftreets are handfome and ftraight;
negal. Lon. 5 45 W, lat. 54.47N. © the houfes are generally only one ttory
IGNE, atown of Auftrian Hainault, high, on account of the earthquakes,
on the river Dender, 12 miles nw of One part of the roefs is covered with
Mons. Lon. 4458, lat. 50 35.N. coarle linen cloth, and the others only
LIGNIEWES, a town of France, inthe with rceds, which is not inconvenient,
department of Cher and late province of because it never rains here; but the rich
Berry, with a collegiate church aud a inhabitants cover theirs with fine mats,
cattle, 22 miles ¢sw of Bourges. Lon. or beautitul cotton cloths. ‘There are
& 24 £, lat. 46 47 N. trees planted alJ round theic houfes, to
Lienatz, a town of Silefia, capital of keep off the heat of the fun. What the
@ principality of the fame name, with houfes want in height they have in length
& caltle, feated on the rivulet Cet, 30 and depth; for fome . them are 200 feet
‘ a ‘ . . ; ae 4
LIM
long, and proportionably broad, fo that
they have 10 or 12 large apartments on
the ground floor. The river forms canals
in the {treets, which run to. moft of the
houfes, and ferve to water their gardens,
&c. The churches and convents are ex-
tremely rich ; and many images of the
faints are of gold, adorned with jewels.
The city is four miles in length, and two
in breadth, and is divided into eight pa-
rifhes. It is the feat of the viceroy, and
contains feveral courts, as that of the
viceroy, of the archbifhop, of the inqui-
" fition, of the crufado, and of the wills.
Earthquikes are very trequent, and fome
have done the city much damage, parti-
cularly that in 174.6, by which it was al-
moft deftroyed. ‘The inhabitants are fo
rich, that when the viceroy, fent from
Spain in 1682, made his public entrance
into this city, they paved the ftreets he
was to pais through with ingots of filver.
‘They are alfo very debauched, but, at the
fame time, extremely fuperftitious; and
they have a ftrong belief in the power of
charms. Lima is Joo miles s of Quito.
Lon. 76 44 W; lat. 12 15. :
Lima, an audience of Peru, lying on
the Pacific Ocean, bounded on the N by
* ¢he audience of Quito, on the £ by the
_ Andes, onthe s by the audience of Los
Charcos, and on thew by the Pacific
Ocean.
.. LrMace, a townlof Auftrian Brabant,
feated on the Dyle, 13 miles se of Bruf-
fels. Lon..4 42 £, lat. 50 42 N.
Limavapy, a town of Ireland. See
Newrown Limavapy.
Limgourc, or LIMPURG, a town of
” Germany, in the eleétorate of Treves.
‘The Auttrians defeated the French on the
heights near this place, September 16,
31796.. It is feated on the Lahn, ro
miles £ of Naffau, and 20 N of Mentz.
Lon. 7 51 £, lat. 50 24 N. Ft
LimsBuraG, a fertile province of the
Netherlands, fubject partly to the Auf
trians, and partly to the Dutch. It is
bounded on the N by the duchy of Ju-
liers, on the & by.that duchy and the ter-
ritory of Aix-la-Chapelle, and on the s
and w by the bithopric of Liege, trom
which it is feparated by the Maefe.. It
is 42 miles long and 30 broad, and con-
tains fome of the beft iron. mines in the
Netherlands. ». 0. ;
LIMBURG,. the capital of Auftrian
Limburg,.: Jt was taken by the French
in 1675, and by the allies in 1702, but
afterward ceded to the Auftrians, the
fortifications having been firft demolithed.
Here is a manufacture of woollen cloths,
LIM
‘and it is famous forexcellent cheefe. It ig
feated on a mountain, near the river Verfe,
15 miles sz of Liege. Lon. 6 ¢ £, lat,
59° 38 N,
LiME, a town in Dorfetfhi.e. See
Lyme Recis.
LimME, or LimeNn, a village in Kent,
three miles w of Hithe. It was for.
merly a port, till choked up by the fands,
and is now a poor town, but it has the
horn and mace, and other tokens left of
its ancient grandeur. It ufed to be the
place where the lord warden of the Cinque
Ports was {worn, at his entrance upon his
office. The Roman road from Canter-
bury, called Stane-ftreet, ended here; and
trom the brow of its hill may be {een the
ruins of the Roman walls. Here was
formerly a caftle, now converted inte a
farm-houfe.
LIMERICK, a county of Ireland, in
the province of Munfter, 48 miles long
and 23 broad; bounded on the wn b
atppeety and Clare, from which laft it
is feparated by the Shannon; on the w by
Kerry ; on the s by Cork, and on the z
by Tipperary. It contains 130 parithes,
and fends eight members to parliament.
It is a fertile country, and pall: inhabited,
though the w parts are mountainous. «
LIMERICK, or LouGH MEATH, acity
of Ireland, in the county of:: Limerick,
and the metropolis of: the ‘province’ of
Munfter. Within century, it was reck-
oned the fecond city in the kingdom; at
refent it has loft its rank 3 not becaufe
it flourifhes lefs, but becaufe Cork flou-
rifhes more. It is ftill.a commercial and
populous place; and confifts of the Irith
and Englith Town; the latter fituate on
an ifland, formed by the Shannon, and
called King’s Ifland. Limerick is three
miles in circumference, and has a market
on Wednelday and Saturday. The liren,
woollen, and paper manufaétures are car-
ried on here toa great extent ; and the
export of provifions is confiderable. - Be-
fide the cathedral and other churches, here
are many hofpitals, and fome handfome
public ftruétures. Ardfert and Aghadoe,
in the county of Kerry, are united to the
fee of Limerick.. King William was
obliged to raife the fiege of this city in
1690; but, in 1691, the garrifon furren
dered on a very honorable capitulatign:
It is go miles 5. of Galway, and.i94
sw of. Dublin, « Lon. 8:34 Ws lat. 52
qoN. ° Sah raya’
: LimMaAT, a river of Swifferland, form.
ed by the junction of the Mat and she
Linth; the, former iffuing, ip the Nw
extremity : of ba lake of Wallenftadt,
in the
late te
fee.
the de
eitee
miles
Boura
Li
bound!
by A
the W
has fo
mines
the p
hories
U
a
in the
vince
~ ftrean
now |
and i
fe. Itig
er Verfe,
5 E, lat,
wee See
in Kent,
was for.
he fands,
has the
is left of
o be the
e Cinque
upon his
Canter.
ere; and
feen the
ere was
1 into a
and, in
les long
Nb
h lat *
he w by
yn the g
arifhes,
iament,
rabited,
jus. +
ly acity
merick,
ince’ of
as reck.
OM ;: at
becaufe
k flou.
ial and
e Irith
uate on
n, and
s three
market
liren,
re Cars
nd the
, Be.
s, here
idfome
hadoe,
to the
1 was
‘ity in
Urrens
atign:
id ‘94,
at. 5%
form.
d the
e NW
ftadt,
LIN
pnd.the latter flowing from thes. The
Limmay continuing its courfe Nw, flows
through the lake of Zuric, and falls into
the Aar, below Baden.
LIMOGES, @n ancient town of France,
jn the department of Upper Vienne and
late territory of Limofin, with a bifhop’s
fee. It isa trading place, the capital of
the deparment, and its horfes are in great
eitteem. Ii is feated on the Vienne, 50
miles NE of Perigueux, aud 110 E of
Bourdeaux. Lon.1 20¢, lat.45 50N.
Limosin, a late province of France,
bounded: on the N by Marche, on the £
by Auvergne, on the s by Querci, and on
the w by Perigord and Angoumois. It
has foreits of cheitnut-trees, and contains
mines of lead, copper, tin, and‘iron; but
the principal trade confifts in cattle and
horfes. Jt is now the department of
Upper Vienne. |
‘ Limoux, acommercial town of France,
in the department of Aude and late pro-
vince of Languedoc. It has a manutac-
ture of cloth ; and its environs produce
an excellent white wine, called the Perry
of Limoux. It is feated on the Aude,
37 miles w by s of Narbonne, and 50
se of Touloufe. Lon. 2 16 £, lat. 43
a
LimpurG. See Limpourc.
Lincue, or Linke, a ftrong town of
France, in the department of the North
and late’ province of French Flanders,
feated on a river, 10 miles sw of Dun-
kirk. Lon. 2 20 £, lat. 51 ON.
- LINCOLN, a city, the capital of Lin-
colnfhire, with a market on Friday. It
is feated on the fide of a fteep hill, on the
Witham, which here divides into three
‘ ftreams. It ‘had formerly’ 50 churches,
now reduced to 13, befide the cathedral ;
and is a bithop’s fee, the largeft diocefe in
England. The cathedrz! is admired ‘for
its interior architecture, which is in the
richeft: and lighteft Gothic te 3° and ‘its
great bell, called Torn of, Lincoln, re-
quires 12 men to ring it. Lincoln is a
county of itfelf, governed by a mayor;
and fends two members to parliament.
The chief trade is in coal brought by the
Trent and Foffdike; and oats and wool,
which are fent by the Witham. — Here is
a {mall manufagture of camlets. Jt is 32
miles NE of Nottingham, and 133 N of
London. Lon. 025 wy, lat.53 15N. "
+ LINCOLNSHIRE, a county of England,
bounded on the n by the Humber, which
divides it from Yorkfhire; on the B by
the. German |Ocean.; on the se by the
Wath and part of Norfolk; on the 8 by
Cambri irc and Northamptonhire 5
LIN
on the sw by Rutlandthire; and on the
w by the counties of Leicefter and Not-
tingham. It is 77 miles from N to s,
and 45 in breadth, where wideft. It is
divided into three parts ;\ namely, Hol-
land on the sz, Keheven on the sw, and
Lindiey on the N. It contains 30 hun-
dreds, one city, 31 snarket-towns, and
630 parifhes; and fends 12 members to
per ee, Its principa] rivers are the
Humber, Trent, Witham, and Welland.
The air is various, according to its three
grand divifions, which fee. The foil, in
many places, is very rich, the inland part
producing corn in great plenty, and the
fens cole-{eed, and very rich paftures ;
whence their breed of cattle is larger
than that of any other county in Eng-
land, except Somerfetfhire ; their horfes
are alfo excellent, and very large; their
hunting ‘hounds and hares are noted for
their {wiftnefs; and their fheep are not
only of the largeft breed, but are clothed
with a long thick wool, peculiarly fitted
for the worfted and coarfe woollen many-
faétures. |
__LINDENFELS, or LINDENFELD, a town
of Germany, in the palatinate of the
Rhine, 17 miles N of Heidelberg. Lon.
8 478, lat. 49 42N. —
LINDISFARNE. See Hoty ISLANp,
LINDKOPING, a town of Sweden, ca-
pital of W Gothland, with a bifhop’s
jee. It is feated on the lake Wenner,
12 miles Nw of Skar, and 178 sw of
Stockholm. Lon. 13'5£, lat. 58 25N.
LinDau, a free imperial town of Sua-
bia. Here is a celebrated abbey of ca-
nonefles, whofe abbefs is a princefs of the
empire, and a Roman catholic, though
the inhabirants of the town are protef-
tants. The French’ toek pofleflion of
this town in July 1796. It is a trading
place, feated on an ifland of the lake of
Conftance, 12 miles sz of Buchorn, and
75 8 by w of Augfburg.’ Lon. 9 50 £,
lat. 47 38 N. 0°
Linpsey, the largeft of the three
principal divifions of Lincolnfhiye, in-
cluding all the county that lies nN of
Lincoln, and the Foffdike, which Henry 1
cut between the Witham and the Trenc.
It is the moft elevated part of the coun-
ty ; and the air is generally efteemed
healthy, efpecially on the w fide. To
the wE is a large tract of heathy land,
called the Wolds, the s part ‘of which is
well inhabited, but the n is thin- of peo-
ple: great“ flocks of fhieep are bred
throughout this traé&t. See AxHOLM.
* LINGEN, a ftrong town of Weftphalia,
capital of a county of the fame name. It
LIN
belongs to the king of Pruffia, and is
feated on the Embs, 30 miles w of Oina-
“burgh, and 37 Nof Munfter. ;
LIN-KIANG-FOU, a city of China, in
the province of Kiang-fi, feated on the
river Yu-ho. It has only four cities of
the third clafs in its diftri& ; but is of
fome note, on account of one of its vil-
eves being the general mart for all tlie
drugs fold in the empire. It is 410
miles n by E of Canton.
LiW-TCIN-TCHEOU, a city of China,
in the province of Chan-tong, feated on
the Great Canal. Among the edifices
admired here, is an aStagonal tower, di-
vided into eight ftories, the walls of
whick are covered on the outfide with
porcelain ; and near this are fome temples
of beautiful architeSture. It is 225 miles
s of Pekin.
LINLITHGOW, a borough, the county-
town of Linlithgowshire. It ftands on a
rifi gz ground, overlooking a lake at its
Eend. Here the kings of Scotland had
ene of their nobleft palaces, now in ruins ;
but here is ftill fiown the room in which
Mary queen of Scots was born. Lin-
lithgow is 16 miles w of Edinburgh.
Lon. 3 34 W, lat. 56 oN.
LINLITHGOWSHIRE, or West’ Lo-
THIAN, a county of Scotland, bounded
on the n by the frith of Forth, on the zg
by Edinburghfhire, on the sw by La-
- merkfhire, and on the w by Stirlingthire.
Tt extends near 20 miles from NE to sw,
and its breadth does not excced 12, ex-
cept on the fhore of the Forth.
Linosay, an ifland of the Mediterra-
fean, on the coaft of Africa, 12 miles
from Lampedei: it is 12 miles in cir-
cumference. Lon. 12 31 £, lat. 36 5oN.
LIN-TCHEOU-FOW, a city of China,
in the province of Kiang-nan ; including,
in its juriidigtion, two cities of the te-
cond, and fix of the third clafs.
LInTz, a town of Germany, capital of
Upper Auftria, with two caftles, the one
upon a hill, and the other belowit. Here is
a hall, in which the ftates affemble, a
bridge over the Danube, and feveral ma-
nufactures. The French became mafters
ef it in 1741, but the Auftrians retook
it in 1742. Jt is feated at the confluence
of the Danube and Traen, 42 miles £ ef
Paffau, and 100 W of Vienna. Lon. 14
3 £, Jat. 48 16 N.
Linrz, a town of Germany, in the
eletorate of Cologne, feated on the
* Rhine, 15 miles Nw of Coblentz, and 18
8 of Cologne. Lon. 7 10 8, lat. 50 37 N.
Linton, a town in Cambridgehhire,
with a market on Thurfday," 22 miles
LIP
sz of Cambridge, and 46 N by & of Log.
don. “ Lon. o 22 £, lat. 52 8 N.
Liparl, the largeft, moft fertile, ang
populous of the Lipari Iflands, aboug 15
miles in circumference. It was cele.
brated among the ancients; and, by the’
defcription ot Ariftotle, it appears to
have been coniidered by the {ailors in his
time, what Strombolo is in ours, as a
lighthoute, as its fires were never extin.
guifhed. {[t has not fuffered trom fubter-
rencous fires for ages paft, though it every
where bears the marks of its former ftate,
The form of this ifland is very irregular ;
and in this volcanic {pot fuch a number
of fpiracles have been opened, that the
greateft part of them are confounded with
each other. It abounds with the currant
grape ; cotton alfo grows here; and
great quantities of pumice are gathered.
Lipari, an ancient town, capital of
the ifland of Lipari, with a bithop’s fee,
It was ruined in 1544, by Barbaroffa,
who carried the inhabitants into flavery,
aad demolifhed the place ; but it was re-
built by the emperor Charles v. The
principal trade of the inhabitants is in
the exportation of the products of the
ifland ; but the chief’ neceffaries of life
are imported from Sicily. This town
has a garrifon, aad ftands on the s fide of
the ifland. Lon. 15 30 &, lat. 38 35.
Lirars (sLanps, iflands in the Me.
diterranean, which lie to the N of Sicily,
and formerly called Eolian Iflands,
They are :2 in number; and nearly as
follows, in the ofder of their fize ; name-
ly, Lipari, Strombolo, Volcano, Salini,
Felicuali, Alicudi, Panari, Volcanello,
Vachelufe, Lifca, Dattolo, and Tila Navi,
They are fubject to the king of Naples,
and bring in a good revenue. They pro-
duce great quantities of alum, Mohr,
nitre, cinnabar, and moft kinds of fruits,
particularly raifins, currants, and figs in
great pertection. Some of their wines
aresmuch efteemed ; particularly the
Malvafia, well known all over Europe.
Thefe iflands are of volcanic origin. See
STROMBOLO, VOLCANO, &c.
Lippa, a town of Hungary, in the
bannat of Temefwar, with a eaftle. It
was taken by the Turks in 1552, by the
Auftrians in 1688, and by the Turks
again in 1691, who abandoned it in
1695, after having demolifhed the forti-
fications. It is feated on:'a mountain,
22 miles NE of Temefwar and 75 of Bel.
grade. Lon. 22 458, lat.45 51 N.
Lipps, a river of Weftphalia, which
wafhes Paderborn, Lipftadt,and Ham, and
falls into the Rhine, above Weiel,-:
LipPsTa
Wei
Lippe. » 48
pri ana
now tothe
a t
pbuilding ve
it has a
Lippe. I
miles WS
Munfter.
Liquz,
partment .
rovince ©
Omer. L
LIQUEG
LIEO"T-K1
Lis, a
has its fou
into F land,
Armentier
Deynie, an
Ghent.
LISBON
tal of Po
fee, a univ
fition, and
totally de:
1, 1755.
10,0c0 fai
eateft {2
ed from t
affords ab
‘Ings gradu
is feated ¢
mouth, 1;
s by W o
38 42 N.
LISBUR
county of
nufacture
the Lagga
Lon. 60
Lisca,
miles sw
delert {po
LISIER
departinet
copal fee
It has a ¢
for the r
on the Sa
390 § by
42 56N.
Liste
in the de
an epifc
churches,
convents,
has a
eloth, 5
the Tour
f Lon.
le, ang
Out 15
s cele.
by the’
ars to
. in his
» aa
extine
fubter.
fever
r feats,
gular;
umber
at the
d with
urrant
3 and
ered.
ital of
rs fee,
aroffa,
avery,
yas re-
The
is in
of the
of life
town
fide of
35N.
fe.
icily,
lands,
ly as
ame-
alini,
nello,
Navi.
Aples,
y pro-
okie,
Auits,
gs in
ines
LIS
LirsTADT, a confiderable town of
Weftpbalia, capital of the county of
Lippe. : It was once free and imperial ;
afterward fubjeé& to its own counts, and
now tothe king of /ruffia. It carries on
a trade in preparing timber for
building veffels on the Rhine, with which
it has a communication by the river
Lippe. It is feated in a morafs, 17
miles wsw of Paderborn, and 30 sE of
Munfter. Lon.8 308, lat. 51 42 N.
Liqu®, a town of France, in the de-
partment of the Straits df Calais and late
province of Artois, 12 miles w oF St.
Omer. Loh.2 o8, lat.50 45N.
Liqueo or Lixgo IsLanps, See
LIEO"1-KIEOU.
Lis, a river of the Netherlands, which
has its fource in Artois, and running NE
into Flanders, pafles by Aire, St. Venant,
Armentieres, Menin, Courtray, and
Deynie, and then falls into the Scheld, at
Ghent.
LisBoNn, 2 confiderable city, the capi-
tal of Portugal, with an archbifhop’s
fee, a univerfity, a tribunal of the inqui-
fition, and a ftrong caftle. It was almolt
totally deftroyed y an earthquake, Nov,
3, 1755. The harbour will contain
1¢,0c0 fail of thips, which ride in the
greateft fafety ; and the city, being view-
ed from the fouthern fhore of the river,
affords a beautiful profpect, as the build-
‘ings gradually rife: above each other. It
is feated on the Tajo, 10 miles from its
mouth, 178 w by Nof Seville, and 255
s by w of Madrid. Lon. g § w, lat.
38 42 N.
LisBurw, 4 borough of Ireland, in the
county of Antrim. It has a large ma-
nufaclure of linen cloth, and is feated on
the Laggan, eight miles sw of Belfatt.
Lon. 6 0 w, lat. 54 41 N.
Lisca, one of the Lipari Iflands, three
miles sw of Strombolo. It is a {mall
detert fpot.
Lister, ST. a town of France, in the
department of Arriege, lately an epif-
copal fee in the province of Couferans.
It has a chapel, which has been famous
for the refort of pilgrims. It is feated
on the Satat, 50 miles sz of Auch, and
390 8S by wof Paris. Lon. 1 15 &£, lat.
42 56 N.
Lisieux, ‘an ancient town of France,
in the department of Calvados, and lately
an epifcopal fee in Normandy. The
churches, and the late epifcopal palace and
convents, are handfome ftructures. It
has a trade, particularly in linen
cloth, and: is feated at the confinence of
the Touque and Orbeo, 12 miles from the
LIT
fea, and 46 sw of Rouen.
E, lat. 49 11 N.
LISLE, a ftrong city of France, in the
department of the North and late pro-
vince of French. Flanders, of which it
was the capital. It is one of the riched;
and moft commercial towns in France;
and the inhabitants are computed to be
65,000. It is is called Lifle (that is
1’Ife, The Ifland) becaufe it was for-
merly furrounded by marthes, which an:
now drained. I*s citadel is iuppofed to
be the fineft in Eurove next to that of
Turim The ftreets, particularly thofe
of the New Town, are adorned with
noble buildings. The Great Square and
the Little Square, are both difinguithed
in this refpeét; and among the public
ftrutures are the exchange, a magazine
of vait extent, and a general hotpitel very
lately built. Here are manufactures of
all torts; but the principal trade is in
camlets. Jiile was taken by the allies,
after three months fiege,. in 1708; but
was reftored by the treaty-of Utrecht,
in 1713, in confideration of the demo.
lition of the fortifications of Dunkirk.
In 1792, it fuftained a bombardment
from the Auftrians. It is feated on the
Deule, 14 miles w of Tournay, and 136
N of Paris. Lon. 3 9 Ey lat. 50 38 N.
Lismore, one of the Weftern Iflands
of Scotland, in a fpacious bay, between
Mull and the coaft of Argylethire. It
is a fertile ifland, nine miles long and
two broad; and was the refidence of the
bifhops of Argyle. :
Lisonzo, a river, which rifes in Ca-
rinthia, 1vns through part of the re.
public of Venice, and falls into the gulf
of Venice, at the harbour of the fame .
name.
Lissa, an ifland in the gulf of Venice,
on the coait of Dalmatia, belonging to the
Venetians, who have here a fifhery of
pilchards and anchovies. It produces
excellent wine, and‘is 70 miles w of Ra.
gufa. Lon. 170 £, lat. 42 52 N.
Lissa, a town of Poland, in the palas
tinate of Pofnia, 50 miles w of Kalifch.
Lon. 16 50 E, lat. 52 ON. -
Lissa, a village of Silefia, fix miles
nw of Breflaw. It is feated on the
Weiftritz, and remarkable for a great
victory gained by the Pruflians over the
Auftrians, in 1757.
LITHUANIA, a large country of Eu-
rope, anciently governed by its grand
dukes, but, in 1569, united to Poland,
under one eleftive king. It is bounded
on the s by Volhjnia; on the w by Little
Poland, Polachia, Pruffia, and Samogitia ;
Lon. o 26
LIV
ep the N by Livonia and Ruffia, which laft
bounds it on the E. It is 300 miles long
and 250 broad. Its principal rivers are,
the Dnieper, Dwina, Nieman, Pripecz,
and Bog. It is a flat country; and the
foil is not only fertile in corn, but it
produces honey, wood, pitch, and vatt
guantities of wool; here are allo ex-
cellent little horfes, which are never fhod,
their hoofs being very hard. There are
yaft forefts, in which are bears, wolves,
elks, wild oxen, lynxes, beavei's, wild
cats, &c. and eagles and vultures are
very common. In the forefts, “yO
pieces of yellow amber are frequently
dug up. The country fwarms with
Jews, who, though numerous in every
other part of Poland, feem to have fixed
their headquarters in this duchy; and
this, perhaps, is the only country in
Europe, where Jews cultivate the ground.
‘The peafants are in a ftate of the moft
_ abject vaffalage. In 1772, the emprefs
Catharine compelled the Poles to cede to
her all that part of Lithuania bordering
upon Ruilia, and including at leaft one
third of the country. ‘This the ereéted
into the two goyernments of Polotfk and
Mohilef. In 1793, in conjunction with
the king of Pruifia, the effected another
partition of Poland, in confequence of
which fhe extended her dominion over
almott the whole of Lithuania.
' Lrriz, a town of the ftate of Penn-
fylvania. Here is a flourifhing {ettlement
of the Moravians, begun in 1757. It is
eight miles from Lancafter, and 70 w of
Philadelphia.
Livabia, a province of Turkey in
Europe, bounded on the x by Janna, on
the g by the Archipelago, on the s by the
Morea, and on the w by the Mediter-
ranean. It includes ancient Greece pro-
perly fo called, and its capital is Setines,
the once celebrated Athens.
Livapia; an ancient town of Turkey
in Europe, in a province of the fame
mame. It carries on a trade in wool,
corn, and rice, and is 58 miles Nw of
Athens, Lon. 23 26 £, lat. 38 40 N.
Livaposra, atoWn of Livadia, feated
on the gulf of Lepanto, in the ifthmus of
Corinth, to the Nn of the city of that
nzme, with a bifhop’s fee.
LivgN2A, a river of Italy, in the ter-
ritory of Venice, which runs on the con-
fines of Trevifano and Friuli, and falls
into the gulf of Venice, betwecn the
mouth of the. Piava and the town of
Caorlo. ae ie
LivERDUN, a town of France, in the
department of Meurthe and late province
LIV:
of, Lorrain, feated ona mauntainy :near
the river Mofelle, eight miles! NE of
Toul. Lon. 6 5 &, lat. 48 45.N.
LivFRPOOL, a confiderable borough
and feaport in Lancafhire, with a marker
on Saturday. At the commencement of
this century, it was only a hamlet of the
parifh of Walton, a village three miles
off. Its rife and increafe was principally
owing to the falt-works; and it is now
become, with reipect to commerees: the
fecond port in the kingdom. It is feated
on the Merle » and has an excellent har.
bour, tormed with great labour and ex.
pence, fhips being admitted into noble
wet docks, fecured by large flood gates,
Since the completion of the duke of
Bridgewater's canals, a new dock has
been formed by the duke, above the
town. Cne very confiderable branch of
its trade, is that of procuring flaves on
the coaft of Affica, and difpofing of
them in the W Indies and America,
The trade to Ireland is very confiderable ;
many fhips are fent to the Greenland
whale-fitsery § the coafting trade to
London employs a great number of thips;
and many good fhips are built here.
Liverpool communicates, by the Merfey,
with Warrington, and with a canal,
called the Shakes Canal, running to fome
coal-pits and other works, a Fittle way
up the country; by the Irwell and the
Duke of Bridgewater's Canal, with
Manchefter; by the Weaver, with the
Chethire falt-works; and by the Duke
of Bridgewater's Canal, with the Staf
fordthire Grand ‘Trunk and all its com-
munications. The exchange, a randfome
edifice of ftone, was burnt down, Jan.
18, 1795. Here is an affembly room,
an elegant theatre, and a Jarge borough
gaol on Mr. Howard's plan. — Befide the
two parochial churches, there are ten
other churches for the eftablithed religion:
there are alfe Roman catholic chapels
and diffenting meeting-houies. Among
the charitable foundations, are almshoufes
for the widows of mariners killed or loft
at fea, or decayed feamen, and a new
afylum for lunatics. Liverpool is 13
miles w of Warrington, and 203 Nw
of London. Lon. 2 54 Ws lat. 53
23 N.
Livowsa, a province of the Rufhan
empire, which, with that of Efthoxia,
has been reciprocally claimed and poflefled
by Ruffia, Sweden, and Poland,. and, for,
more than two centuries, has been 4
perpetual fcene of the moft bloody wars,
It was finally wrefted from. the Swedes
by Pets the Great, and confirmed to the
Roffian
‘172%0
Rigas ¢
capital.
rover’
t of
Polotfk
w by
miles f
to W.
it is ca
it woul
were ni
In the
raindees
meitic
fheep ©
ef the
The p
hemp, |
otafh.
mhabita
fovereig’
theis.co
far as 4
fuaded
perifhed
fo that
.untry
LIZA
tory of
take the
weftwar
LLAt
with “a
Eby N
of Lon
Lia
thenthi:
and Sat
on the
bridge,
and 19.
w, lat
LLA
fhire,
trades
creek ¢
by 80
ot Lon
Lia
thire,.
feated
Sawth
miles |
itainy near
les! NE of
5 Ne
e borough
ha raapion
cement of
mlet of the
hree Miles
principally
it is now
nerees: the
[t is feated
ent har.
Ir and ex.
into noble
0d gates,
duke of
dock has
above the
branch of
aonas on
poling of
America,
fiderable ;
Sreenland
trade to
‘of thips;
silt hare.
: Merfey,
a canal,
to fome
ittle way
and the
ul, with
with the
ne Duke
he Staf.
its com-
andfome
n, Jan.
Ly room,
borough
efide the
che ten
e igjon:
chapels
Among
shoufes
d or loft
t a new
is 13
03 NW
Jat. 53
‘Ruffian
tthonia,
bofle fied
ASIC y for,
been a
y wars,
Swedes
H to the
LILA
Roffians ‘by’ the peace! of Nyftadt, in
17215 It now forms the government of
Rigay or Livonia, of which Riga is the
capital. It is bounded on the N by the
sovernment of Efthonia, on the E by
t of Pfkof, on the s by that of
Polotfk and part of Poland, and on the
w by the gulf of Livonia. It is 250
miles from N to $, and 150 from E
tow. The land is {0 fertile in corn, that
it is called the Granary of the North; and
it would produce-a great deal more, if it
were not fo full of lakes and foretts.
In the forefts are wolves, bears, elks,
raindeer, ftags, and hares. The do-
meitic animals are numerous; but the
fheep bear very bad wool. The houfes
ef the inhabitants are built with wood.
The principal articles of export are flax,
hemp, ‘honey, wax, leather, fkins, and
potath. The ezar Peter, perceiving the
inhabitants did not like the change of
foyereigns, compelled them to’ abandon
their country, and drove many of them as
far as the Cafpian Sea: but being per-
fuaded to recall them, moft “of them
perithed before the ediét was publithed ;
fothat he:was obliged to ‘repeople their
- untry with other nations. ha
LizaRD, the ‘moft. fouthern »promon-
tory of England, whence fhip# ufually
take their departure, when ‘bound to the
weftward. / Lon. 5 10'w, lat. 49 57 N.-
LLANARTH, a town in Cardiganfhire,
avith <w market on.‘Tuefday, #7 miles
£ by N of Cardigan, and 212 W by N
of Londons’ .Lon. 4.206 W, lat. §2 13.N.
. LLANBEDER, a town in Cardiganihire,
witha market:on ‘Tuelday: . Its feared
on the Tyvy, over'which is a bridgeé
into. “Carmarthenfhire,'«24. miles’ & of
Cardigan, and.197 w:by Nn‘ of London.
Lon. 4 3.W, lat. 52: 9 N.:
LLANDILOVAWR, & town in Carmar-
thenfhire, with a’ market on Tuefday
and Saturday. It is feated on an afcent,
on the “river Towy,: over which is a
bridge,’ 1 miles & by N‘of Carmarthen,
and 194.W by-N of London. Lon. 3 58
W, lat. grg5.N, ,
LLANELLY, “a town in'Carmarthen-
fhire, withva ‘market on Tuefday. It
trades much in ‘coal, and is feated on a
creek of the Briftol Channel, 13 miles s
by x of Carmarthen, and 216 W by N
ot London. 'Lons 4 10 w, fat. $1 4.3°N.
LLANGADOC, a town-in Carmarthen-
fhire, with a market‘on Thurtday. It‘is
feated between the rivers’ Brane and
Sawthy, ‘which foon join the Towy, 18
miles & by N of Carmarthen, and 185 w
LOA
by N of London, Lon: 3 48 w, fat*’'sk
54.Ne' .
LLANGOLLEN, 4 town ‘in Denbigh
thire, with a beautiful bridge of four
arches over the river Dee; feven miles sw of
‘Wrexham, and 184 NW of London.
LLANGUNNER, a village in Carmar-
thenfhirve, a mile and a half from Car-
marthen, noted for being the private feat
of fir Richard Steele, who died here ig
1729. .
LLANROOST, a town in Denbighshire,
with a magket on Tuefday, feated on the
Conway, 15 miles sw of Denbigh, and
222 NW Of London. Lon. 3 58 W, lat.
53 6N.
LLANTRISSENT, a town in Glamor.
anfhire, with a market on Friday. Ie
1s an ancient place, governed by a por-
treeve, who is {worn by the deputy
conttable of the caftle ‘that ftands near it.
It is 10 miles Nw ‘of Landaff, and 166
w of London. ‘Lon. 3 22 w, lat. 51 28 x,
LLANWILLING, a town in Montgo-
meryfhire, with a market on Tuelday.
it is feated in a flat, among the hills,
near the river Cane, 15 miles w by w
of Montgomery, and 179 Nw of London.
Lon. 3 8 W, lat. 52 40 N. \
LLANYDLOS, a town in Montgomery-
fhire, with a great market on Saturday,
for woollen yarn. It is 18 miles sw of
Montgomety, and 180 wNtw of London.
Lon. 3 28 w, lat. 52 19'N.
LLANYMDDOVRY, a town in Car-
marthenthire,with a market on Wednefday
and Saturday. It had once a caftle, now
in ruins; and is feated near the Towy,
26 miles ene of Carmarthen, and 18%
W by nN of London. Lon. 3 42 w, lat.
Sr s6N, ‘
LLAUGHARN, a town in Carmarthen.
. Mite, with a market on Friday. It is
feated at the mduth of ‘the Towy, near
the ruins of two caftles, feven miles sw
of Carmarthen, and 233 w by N ‘of
London, Lon. 4 28 w, lat.’ 5148 N. °
Lo, Sr. a town of France, in the de.
partment of the Channel and late pro-
vince of Normandy, with a good citadel.
It has confiderable manufaétures of ferges,
fhaloons, ribands, and gold and filver
lace. It is feated on the Vire, 12 miles
E of Coutances,” and 125 w by N of
Paris. Lon. 0 53 w, lat: 49 6 N.
LoanpDA, a town of Congo, capital
of Angola, with a good harbour, a fort,
anda bifhop's fee: ‘Tt is large and hand-
fome, confidering the ‘country, containin
3000 houfes, hyilt of ftone, and covere
with'tiles. " Befide thefe, there are a vait
LOC
nefiber of negroes’ huts made of ftraw
and earth. It belongs to the Portuguele.
Lon. 13 15 &, lat. 8 308:
Loanco, a kingdom of Africa, im
Cc » 250 miles in length, and 188 in
breadth; bounded onthe n by Benin, on
the £ by, parte unknown, on the s by
Cc roper, and en the w by the
Atlantic Ocean. The land is fo fruitful,
that it yields three crops of millet in a
year; and there are a great number of
trees, whence palm-wine is drawn. The
women cultivate the ground, fow, and
t in the harveft. The inhabitants are
lack, well-made, mild, and tractable.
* LOANGO, a town of Congo, capital
of a kingdom of the fame name, with a
harbour, at the mouth of the Agila.
The principal trade confifts in elephants
teeth, copper, tin, lead, iron, and {laves.
Lon. 11 45 Ey, lat. 415 5s.
. Losaw, a town of Wetter Pruffia,
with a caftle, where the bifhop of Culm
refides. It is 25 miles £& ef Culm. Lon.
19 0 By lat. 53 25 N.
‘" Losoa, a town of Spain, in Eftra-
madura, feated on the Guadiana, 22
miles & of Badajoz. Lon. 6 22 w, lat.
48 32 N.
LocarNo, a town of Swifferland, ca-
ital of a diftriét of the fame name, which
as one of the four tranfalpine bailiwics.
It ---* ‘ns 1500 inhabitants. Part of
the - is built 'on,-piazzas, in the
fon... . crefcent, with .-o wings; and,
in the front, is a row of trees, and the
ublic walk. The old part of the town
is dirty, and the ftreets are narrow. It
contains three convents, and a {mail
Francifean monaftery, perched on a
rock overhanging the valley, and com-
manding a view of the lake of Locarno
and its nificent boundaries. The
canopy, in the church of the Capuchins,
deferves to be mentioned for its beautiful
execution ; it is of ftraw work, and almoft
rivals velvet or gold fringe. Locarno
was once fituate on the lake, and had a
port capable of receiving large barks:
‘at prefent it ftands at the diftance of a
quarter of a mile, which is owing to the
accumulation of fand brought down by
the torrent Maggia. It is 46 miles n of
Novara, and 55 N by w of Milan. Lon.
8 31 £, lat. 4610 N.
Locarno, LAKE OF.
ORE.
LocHABER, a bleak, barren, moun-
tainous, and rug ed diftriét, in the sw
part of Inverneisthire.
LocHEM, a town of Dutch Guelder--
land, in the county of Zutphen, It was
See Macci-
Loc
taken by the French in 1672, who aban.
doned it in 1674, after having demolithed
the fortifications, It is feated on the
Borrel, 10 miles & of Zutphen. Lon, ¢
13 E, lat. §2 13 Ne
LocuwEeR Moss, & morafe in Dum.
friesthire, 10 miles in length, and three
in breadth. Here vatt oak trees, and
alfo canoes and anchors have, been fre.
quently dug up.
LocueEs, a town of France, in the de.
partment of Indre and Loire and late pro.
vince of Tourainé.. It has a ftrong
caftle, the prof{peét from which is very
extenfive. Here was one of thofe horrid
dungeons, built by the cruel Lewis x1,
the walls, floors, cielings, and doors of
which were lined with plates’ of iron
fattened to bars of the fame metal. ‘The
unfortunate Ludovic Sforzas duke of
Milan, taken in battle, uncer Lewis xu,
ended his days in one of them. In the
choir of the late collegiate church, is the
tomb of the celebrated Agnes, Sorel,
miftrefs of Charles vir, to whofe pa-
triotic exhortations that monarch owed
almoft all his glory. Loches is feated on
the river Iridre, near a foreft, 15 miles
s of Amboife, and 20 sE of Tours,
Lon. ors1 E, lat. 47:10 'N.
. LOCHMABENs..a@. borough in Dum-
friesfhive, fituate on the w fide of the
Annan,. nearly oppofite the place where
it receives the united ftreams of Yea
and Kignel, 30 miles. Ng of: Dumfries,
Lon. 3 39 W, lat. §5 19 N.
Locuripa;, or OCRIDA, a large town
of Turkey in Europe, in Albania, feated
on a hill, near a lake of itsiown name,
with a ‘Greek archbithop’s, fee. It. is
well fortified; and is 62° miles sz of
Durazzo. Lon. 20 40 £; lat. 41 40 Ne
Locura, a feaport of Sweden, in E
Bothnia, feated on the gulf of Bothnia,
o miles s of Tornea. Lon. 24 16.8;
lat. 64 20 N.
Locuwinnocu, a lake in Renfrew-
fhire, called alfo Caftle Semple Loch,
near three miles in length. On an ifland
in this lake, is an old fortrefs, called
the Peel; a name frequently given to old
fortreffes in Scotland. .From this lake
iffues the river Black Cart.
Locuy, Locu, a lake in the sw
part of Inverne(sfhire, 10 miles in length,
and from one to two in breadth. From
the nw the waters of Loch Arkek defcend
into this Jake. Out of it runs the river
Lochy, which, about a mile below, re-
ceives the Spean, and after flowing through
the diftri& of Lochaber, falls into Lock
Eil, at Fort William.
4
and pop
Lop
fee; an
of cloth
The Fr
on the
France,
Blatois.
rivers J
falls in
the lat
five m
ang |
ital.
f Lot
ho aban.
eMolithed
d on the
Lon. ¢
in Dum.
and three
eS, and
been fre.
n the de.
late pro.
a ftron
| iS very
fe horrid
ewiS XI,
doors of
of iron
I. The
duke of
wis Xl,
In the
hy is the
5, Sorel,
nofe pa.
h owed
edted on
'§ miles
Tours,
: Dum.
: of the
p where
of Yea
fries,
Pe town
» feated
lefcend
le river
IW, Fee
ough
> Loch
LO!
Loppow, a town in Norfolk, with a
market on Friday, eight miles sz of
Norwich,‘and 113 NE of London. Lon.
318 &, lat. 52 36 N.
LopEsAN, a diltri& of Italy, in the
the pic of Milan. It is very tertile
and populous, and its checles are in high
efteem. Lodi is the capital.
LopEVE, a town of Frahce, in the
department of Herault and late province
of Lamguedec. It was lately a bilhop's
fee; and has manufactures of hats and
of cloth for the army, It is feated ina
dry barven country, on the river Logue,
at the foot of the Cevennes, 27 miles Nw
of Montpellier. Lon. 3 30 8, lat. 42
N.
sag OR a ftrong town of Italy, im the
Milanefe, and capital of the Lodefan.
The French defeated the Auftrians near
this place May 11, 1796. It is feated
on the Adda, 15 miles Nw of Placentia,
and 20 sz of Milan. Lon, 9 268, lat.
45.15 N.
Lopomeria, See GALICIA.
Lopronz, a town of Italy, in the
bifhopric of Trent, feated on the fmall
lake Paro, at the place where it receives
the river Chiele, 31 miles sw of Trent.
Lon. 10 46g, lat. 460 N.
Locowocorop, a town of Poland,
in Volhiniay feated on the w bank of the
Dnieper, 25 miles Nw of Kiof. Lon,
41 7 E, lat. 50 46 N.
LoGRONNO, an ancient town of Spain,
in Old Caftile, in a country ubounding
with excellent fruits and good wines. It
is feated on the Ebro, 52 miles E of
Burgos, and 115 N by E of Madrid,
Lon. 2 20 W, lat. 42 29 N. |
Lork AND Cuzr, a department of
France, including the late province of
Blafois. It takes its name from the
rivers Loir and Cher; the ‘firtt of which
falls into the Sarte, above Angers; and
the lait empties itfelf into the Loire,
five miles above the confluence of the
latter with the Indre. Blois is the ca-
pital.
Loire, the principal river of France,
which rifes in the mountains of the Ce-
vennes, in Languedoc. It begins to be
navigable at Roanne; and watering Ne-
vers, Orleans, Blois, Tours, Saumur, and
Nantes, falls into the bay of Bifcay, be-
low Paimbeeuf.
Lorrz, Lower, a department of
France, containing part of the late pro-
vince of Bretagne, It has its name from
the river Loire, which forms its s boun-
dary, and then falls into the bay of
Bifcay. Nantes is the capital.
LOM
Loire, Upper, a d ment of
France, late the province of Velay. Ie
takes its name from the river Loire,
which rifes near its s boundary. Puy is
the capital.
Loiret, a department of France, late
the province of Orleanvis. It has its
name érom a fmall river that falls inte the
Loire. Orleans is the capital.
LomBarpy, a part of Italy, which
comprchends almott all the ancient Cital
ine Gaul. It lies toward the n, and
is divided into the Upper and Lower,
Upper Lombardy, the weftern part, com-
prehends Piedmont, with its dependen-
cies, and the duchies of Montferrat and
Milan. Lower Lombardy, the eaftern
art, contains Parma, Modena, Mantua,
Foxcacs, the Bolognete, the territories of
the Church, the Paduan, Vicentino, Ve-
ronefe, Brefciano, Cremafco, and. Ber
gamo, In the prefent war, nearly the
whole of thefe provinces were overrum
by the French republicans, who not only
levied exorbitant contributions on the
inhabitants, but alfo demanded many of
their fineft pictures and ftatues, which
they tranfported to Paris.
OMBEZ, a town of France, ,in the
department of Gers and late province of
Gafcony, lately a bifhop’s fee, It ig
feated on the Save, 27 miles sw of Toue
lowe. Lon. 1 0 £, lat. 43 29 N.
LomonpD, Ben, a great mountain, in
the n of Stirlingfhire, ahout 3200 feet
above the level 4 the lake, at its bottom,
It ftretches along the E fide of Loch
Lomond “veral miles; and its broad
bafe extends fo far into the country, thag
the afcent of this mountain, though fteep,
is computed to be fix miles, Ptarmi-
gans, and other heath-fowls, frequent its
upper regions: its lower, are the haunts
of the roebuck; and herds of cattle teed
in the irriguous vallies at its bafe,
From this lofty mountain are feen Loch
Lomond, the Clyde, the Forth, Edin-
burgh, the eaftern coaft as far as the
Cheviot Fells, the ifles of Bute and
Arran, the rock of Ailfa, Ivcland, the
mountain of Plynlimmon in Wales, the
Skiddaw in Cumberland, and the hills far
beyond it.
LomonD, Locu, a beautiful lake in
Dumbartonfhire, 28 miles long, and its.
breadth, from three quarters of a mile,
increafing to feven miles. It contains 33
iflands; feveral of which are inhabited,
and adorned with antique ruins, concealed
among ancient yews and others rife inte
high rocky cliffs, the habitation of the
ofprey, ox fea eagle. The duke of
LON
Montrofe has a feat on the se corner of
it, where terminate the Grampian moun-
tains; and on the w fide, where it is
broadeft, is a feat of the family of Lufs,
fkreened by mountains and ancient woods.
In 1755, when Lifbon was deftroyed by
an earthquake, this lake was exceedingly
agitated.
Lon, or Lune, a river which rifés
in Weftmorland, and flowin by Kirby
Lonfdale in that county, falls into the
Frith Sea, below Lancatter. Its banks
are beautiful and romantic.
Lonpon, the metropolis of Great
Britain, one of the lar et and moft opu-
nt cities in the world, mentioned by
Tacitus as a confiderable commercial
place in the reign of Nero. In its moft
extenfive view, as the metropolis, it
confifts of the City, properly fo called,
the city of Weltiminiter, and’ the borough
of Southwark, befide the fuburbs in
Middlefex and Surry, within what are
called the Bills of Mortality. London
and Weftminfter are in Middlefex, on the
N fide of the river Thames; and South-
wark is on the oppofite bank, in Surry.
The extent of the whole, from Limehoufe
and Deptford to Milbank and Vauxhall,
is above feven miles; but the greateft
breadth does not exceed three. The city
is divided into 26 wards, each governed
by an alderman; and from the aldermen,
the lord mayor is annually chofen,
There are likewife 236 common-council-
men, a recorder, a common-ferjeant, two
theriffs: (who are alfo fheriffs of Mid-
dlefex) a chamberlain, a townclerk, a
city-remembrancer, a water bailiff, and
many inferior officers. Weftminfter, once
a mile from London, but now united to
it, is governed by a high fteward, who is
generally a nobleman, chofen by the dean
and chapter ; and he has an under fteward
who officiates for him. Next to him is
the high bailiff, chofen alfo by the dean
and chapter, whofe power refembles that
of a theriff. The fuburbs are under the
jurifdigtion of the magiftrates ; and thofe
of Middlefex, befide the county-hall, on
Clerkenwell Green, have an office in
Bow-ftreet, long diftingufhed for public
fpirit and aétivity, and jeven other public
offices. Southwark was long independent
of London, but Edward 111 granted it to
the city. It was then called the villa ze
of Southwark ; and afterward named the
bailiwic. In the reign of Edward v1, it
was formed into a twenty-fixth ward, by
the name of Bridge Ward Without.
On the death of the alderman of this
ward, he is fucceeded by the next in {e-
LON
hiority, to whatever ward he may belong ;
this ward being confidered as a finecure,
and confequently the moft proper for
*¢ the father of the city.’’ The city has
likewife a high bailiff and fteward here
Among the churches in the metropolis,
the cathedral of St. Paul, is the moft
confpicuous, and inferior to none in
Europe, except St. Peter's at Rome.
This neble fabric is now deftined to be
the receptable of the monuments of fuch
illuftrious. men, 18 may do honour to
their country by their talents and their
virtues. ‘Two are already ereéted; the
firft, for that great philanthropift Mr,
John Howard, and the fecond, for Dr,
Samuel Johnfon. Weftminfter Abbey,
the collegiate church of St. Peter, is a
noble fpecimen of Gothic architefture,
Here moft of the Englith fovereigns have
been crowned, ‘and many of them interred,
It contains'alfo a great number of monu.
ments of kings, ftatefinen, heroes, poets,
and perfons diftinguifhed by genius, learn.
ing, and fcience. The ¢ apy of Henry
VI, adjoining, Leland calls The Wonder
of the World. St. Stephen's, in Walbrook,
is a church of exquifite interior beauty,
the matterpiece of fir Chriftopher Wren,
Bow Church, in Cheapfide; St. Bride's,
in Fleet-ftreet ; St. Dunftan’s in the Eaft ;
and St. Martin’s in the Fields, are
among ‘the other churches ‘moft diftin-
guifhed tor fine archite€ture, ‘The parith
churches, in the Bills of Mortality,
amount to 146; namély, 97. within the
walls, 16 without the walls, 23 out
parifhes in Middlefex and Surry, and 10
in the city and «iberties of Weftmintter.
Befide thefe churches, is one belonging
to the Temple, a celebrated feat of law.
It was founded by the Knights Templars
in the reign of Henry 11, upon the model
of that of the Holy Sepulchre at Jeru-
falem. There are likewife a great num-
ber of chapels for the eftablithed church,
foreign proteftant churches, Roman ca-
tholic chapels, meetings for diflenters of
all perfuafions, and three tynagoyues for
the Jews. The royal palace of St. James’
is an ancient building, on the N fide of
a fimall park, mean in external appear-
ance; but the apartments are {aid to be
the beft calculated for regal parade of any
in Europe. The royal town refidence is a
houfe at the w fide of St. James’ park,
built by the duke of Buckingham, and
purchafed by the king in 1761, when it
received the appellation of the Queen's
Palace, but is ftill frequently called
Buckingham Houfe. Carlton *io.fe, the
refidence of the prince of Was, to the
g of St.
ing, on
ek |
Bangueti
in 16195
plan of
of the re
but left
palaces,
princes o
and gent
ings, wh
here, are
the fupr
joining t
and comn
the Seffior
Tower o
once a
fome pub
arefenal,
mint, @
Guards,
ralty, at
of public
ficent itr
the Roya
Bank ot E
the Cuflo
Excife O
India Ho
South Sea
the Manfi
the Moner
great fire
called Lon
nificent ma
Weltmintt
Great Ruf
Leverian }
are, perha
in Europe.
ftudy of t
focieties, a
of the dif
noble hoip
ftitutions ;
of diverfio
ftreets, are
particular!
curlory vit
Great Bri
lence of w
buted. |
country 1%
don fide,
kept toler
afurds no
water. Ii
fupply of |
ftuation o
and the }
LON
g of St. James’ palace, is a ftately build-
ing, on which vait fums have been ex-
snded, but it is not yet completed. The
anqueting Houfe, at Whitehall, begun
in 1619» is only a fimall part of the vat
plan of a pie intended to be worthy
of the refidence of the Britith monarchs,
but left incomplete. Befide the royal
palaces, there are many fine how {is of the
princes of the blood, and of the nobility
and gentry. Among the public build-
ings, which con merely be enumerated
here, are Weftmintter Hall, containing
the fupreme courts of juitice, and ad-
joining to which are the houtes of lerds
and commons; the Guildhall of the city;
the Seffions Houfe in the Old Bailey; the
Tower of London, an ancient fortre{s,
once a royal palace, now containing
fome public offices, a magazine and
arefenal, the regalia of the kingdom, the
mint, and a menagerie; the Hortfe
Guards, the Treafury, and the Admi-
ralty, at Whitehall ; the noble collection
of public offices which form that magni-
ficent ftruéture called Somertet Place;
the Royal Exchange, in Cornhill; the
Bank ot England, in Threadneedle-ttreet ;
the Cuflomhoule, in Thames-itreet; the
Excife Office, in Broad-ftreet; the Eatt
India Houle, in Leadenhall-ttreet; the
South Sea Houle, in Throgmorton- {treet ;
the Manfion Houle for tne tord inayor ;
the Monament, in commemoration of the
great fire in 1666; the ancient bridge,
called London-bridge ; and the two mag-
nificent modern bridges of Black-friars and
Weltminfter, The Britifh Muifeum in
Great Rufflel-ftreet, Bloomfbury ; and the
Leverian Mufeum, in Great Surry-itreet,
are, perhaps, the nobleft of their kind
in Europe. The Inns of Court for the
ftudy of the law; the colleges, learned
focieties, and public feminaries ; the halls
of the different trading companies; the
noble hofpitals and other charitable in-
ftitutions; the prifons; the public places
of diverfion; with its fine {quares and
ftreets, are al] too numerovs to be here
particularly mentioned. Such, on a
curfory view of it, is the metropolis of
Great Britain, to the extent and opu-
lence of which many cautes have contri-
buted. From the openneis of the
country round, efeecliily on the Lon-
don fide, and a gravelly foil, it is
kept tolerably dry in all feafons, and
atords no lodgment for ftagnant air or
water. Its -cleanlinefs, as well as its
fupply of water, are greatly aided by its
fituation on the banks of the Thames;
aad the New River, with many good
LON
fprings within the city itfelf, further
contributes to the abundance of that ne-
cellaryclement. All thefe are advantages,
with reipeét to health, in which this
Metropolis is exceeded by few. With
regard to the circumftance of navigation,
it is fo placed on the Thames, as to
poticfs every advantage that can be de-
rived fiom a feaport, without its danger's 5
and, at the fame time, by means of’ its
noble river, enjoys a very extenfive com-
munication with the internal parts of
the country, which fupply it with all
forts of neceffuries, and, in return, re-
ceive trom it fuch commodities as they
require. London is the feat of many
confiderable manufactures; fome almolt
peculiar to itlelt, others in which jt
participates with the manufaSturing
towns in general. ‘The moft important
of its peculiar manufa&tures is the filk-
weaving, eftablifhed in Spitalfields by re-
fuyees irom France. A variety of works
in gold, filver, and jewellery; the en-
graving of prints; the making of op-
tical and mathematical inftruments, are
likewife principally or folely executed
here, and fome of them in greater per-
feStion than in any other country. ‘The
porter-brewery, a bufinels of very great
extent, is alfo chiefly carried on in London.
Ts its port are likewiie confined fome
branches of foreign commerce, as the
vait Eaft India trade, and thofe to
Turkey and Hud{fon’s Bay. Thus
London has rifen to its prefent rank of
the firft city in Europe, with refpect to
opulence; and nearly, if not entirely fo,
as to number of inhabitants. Paris and
Conftantinople may difpute the latter
with it. Its population, like that of all
other towns, has been greatly overrated,
and is not yet exactly determined; but it
is probable, that the refidents in London,
Wettminfter, and Southwark, and all the
out parifhes, fall fhort of 700,000.
London is a bifhop’s fee, and fends four
members to parliament. ‘To enumerate all
the events by which this Great capital hes
been diftinguifhed, would greatly exceed
our limits: we fhall only mention,therefore,
the great plague, in 1665, which cut off
90,000 people, and the dreadful conflagra-
tion, in 1666, by which 13,000 houfes
were deftroyed. London is 165 miles
Nw of Paris, 180 w by 3 of Amfterdam,
and 264 sE of Dublin. Lat. 51 31 N.
Lonbon, New, a feaport in the ftate
of Connedticut, and county of New Lon-
don. Its harbour is the beft in Connec-
_ticut, and as fro as any in the United
States. It is ae by twe forts, and
LON
feated on the Thames, near its entrance
into the Sound, 80 miles nz of New
York. Lon. 72 45 w, lat. 41 15 .N.
Lonpon, NEw, a town of tlie United
States, in Virginia, on James River.
LONDONDERRY, a county of Ireland,
in the province of Ulfter, 32 miles long
and 30 broad ; bounded on the w by
Donegal, on the » by the ocean, on the s
and sw by Tyrone, and on the £ by An-
trim. It contains 31 parithes, and fends
eight members to parliament. It is a
fruitful champaign country ; and the
greater part of it was given by James 1,
to an incorporated company of London
merchants. The linen manufacture flou-
rithes through every part of it.
LONDONDERRY, a handiome town of
Treland, capital of a county of the fame
name. It is ftill furrounded by walls,
and is remarkable for a long fiege it fui-
tained againft James 11, in 1689, till a
naval force from England, with fome
troops under general Kirke, broke the
boom acro{s the harbour, and brought a
feafonable relief ; by which the enemy
were fo difpirited, as to raife the ficge.
It is a modern place, built by a company
of London adventurers in the reign. of
ames I. The principal commerce of
eens is with America and the
Welt Indies. It contains 10,000 inha-
bitants, and is feated on the river Foyle,
over which a wooden bridge, 1068 teet
in length, and of fingular and excellent
confttruation, was erected in 1791. Lon-
donderry is four miles s of Lough Foyle,
and 104. NW of Dublin. Lon. 7 5 w,
Jat. 55 4.N.
LoNnGForD, a county of Ireland, in
the province of Leinfter, 25 miles long
and 16 broad ; bounded on the E and s
by W Meath, on the nw by Leitrim,
on the NE by Cavan, and on the w by
the Shannon, which parts it from Rof-
common. It is a rich and pleafant coun-
try, contains 24 parifhes, and fends 10
members to parliament.
LonGrorpD, a borough of Ireland,
capital of a county of the fame name, 70
miles wnw of Dut''n. Lon. 7 40 w,
lat. 53 48 N.
Lonc IsLanp, an ifland of the ftate
of New York, feparated from Connetti-
cut by Long Ifland Sound, and divided
into three counties. It extends from the
city of New York E 140 miles, but is
not more than ro broad on a medium,
Hence are exported to the W Indies, &c.
whale-oil, pitch, pine boards, horfes, cat-
tle, flax-feed, beet, &¢. The produce of
the middle and weftern parts of the ifland,
Loo
particularly corn, is carried to New
York. This ifland, in 1792, contained
upward of 30,000 inhabitants.
Lonc IsLanpD SounD, a kind of in-
land fea, in N America, 25 miles broad
and 140 long, extending the whole length
of Long Ifland, and dividing it from
Conneéticut. It communicates with the
Atlantic at both ends of the ifland.
LONGINIGO, a town of the Morea,
anciently called Olympia, famous for be-
ing the place where the Olympic games
were celebrated, and for the temple of
Jupiter Olympius, about a mile diftant.
It is now a {mall place, feated on the
Alpheus, 10 miles from its mouth, and
50 sof Lepanto. Lon, 22 o &, lat. 37
40 N.
LONGTOWN, a town in Cumberland,
with a market on Thuriday, feated on
the borders of Scotland, 12 miles N of
Carlifle, and 307 NNW of London. Lon,
2 50 Wy lat. 55 8 N.
LONGUEVILLE, a town of France, in
the department of Lower Seine and late
province of Normandy, feated on a fmall
river, 23 miles N of Rouen.
LoncGwy, a town of France, in the
department of Mofelle and late duchy of
Lorrain, with a caftle. It is divided
into the Old and New Town, the lattes
of which is fortified It was taken by
the king of Pruffia in 1792, but retaken
two months after. It is feated on an
eminence, 15 miles sw of Luxemburg,
and 167 NE of Paris. Lon. 5 588, lat.
49 30.N.
LonsDALe. See Kinsey LONSDALE.
_ LONS-Le-SAULNIER, a town of
France, in the department of Jura and
late province of Franche Comté, with a
late abbey of noble Bernardines. It de-
rives its name from the falt {prings with
which it abounds, and is feated on the
Solvan, 30 miles ssw of Dole. Lon. 5
30 E, lat. 46 37 N.
Loo, a town of Dutch Guelderland,
where the prince of Orange had a fine
palace, eight miles w of Deventer, Lon.
5 44 E, lat. §2 20 N,
Loot, East and West, two mean
boroughs in Cornwall, feparated by «
creek, over which is a narrow ftone
bridge. They fend together as many
members to parliament as London, ‘The
market, held at Eaft Looe, is on Satur-
day. They are 16 miles w of Plymouth,
and 332 w by s of London. Lon. 4 36
W) lat. 50 23 N.
Looxour, Cape, a cape of N Caro-
lina, s of Cape Hatteras, and oppotite
Core Sound,
Loo’
2 count
thopric |
tricht.
Lops
the peni
RILES.
LoRA
on the |
of Sevil
LoRa
the cou
Saxe Gi
30 N.
LORE
15 miles
Jat. 36 |
LoRB
Tunis,
of antiq
fertile ii
Lon. 9 «
Lore
Murcia,
river Gi
thagena,
Lore.
of Wirte
rich abb
to the u
feated on
Eflingen.
Lorp
group of
difcovere
who dilti
of confid
thickly c¢
the coco:
Nine of t
i canoe,
badly ma
were a ft
adark co
knot on t
appeared
an ornam
tringes, |
was faftes
this bear
gave ther
mouth =k
They had
the nofe j
well as tl
pieces of
thighs w
painted ’
Dey wo
dle. Lor
5 308,
Lorp |
New
tained
of in-
broad
length
: from
ith the
Morea,
tor be-
games
iple of
liftant.
on the
h, and
lat. 37
erland,
ted on
s N ot
Lon.
nce, in
nd late
a {mall
in the
ichy of
divided
> Jattes
cen by
etaken
on an
nburg,
E, lat.
BDALE.
wn oof
ra and
with a
It de-
rs with
on the
Lon. §
erland,
a fine
Lon.
D mean
by a
Bone
many
The
Satur-
outh,
4 36
Caro-
ppofite
LOR
Loors, a town of Germany, capital of
a county of the fame name, in the bi-
thopric of Liege, 16 miles w of Maet-
tricht. Lon. 5 19 £, lat. 50 52 N.
LopaTKA, Cape, the s extremity of
the peninfula of Kamrfchatka. See Ku-
RILES..
Lora, a town of Spain, in Andalufia,
on the river Guadalquiver, 28 miles NE
of Seville. Lon. 5 4 w, lat. 37 46 .N.
Lora, a town of Upper Saxony, in
the county ot Hohenitein, 30 miles Nn of
Saxe Gotha. Lon. 10 55 E, lat. 51
30 N.
: Lore, a town of Spain, in Granada,
15 miles N of Malaga. Lon. 4 35 w,
Jat. 36 50 N. :
Lorsus, a town of the kingdom of
Tunis, with a caftle, and fine remains
of antiquity. It is feated in f phim,
fertile in corn, 150 miles sw of Tunis.
Lon. 9 oO Ey lat. 35 35 .N. ree
Lorca, an ancient town of Spain, in
Murcia, feated on an eminence, near the
river Guadalantin, 30 miles w of Car-
thagena. Lon. 1 37 Wy lat. 37 44.N.
Lorca, a town of Suabia, inthe duchy
of Wirtemburg. It had formerly a very
rich abbey, whofe revenues now belong
to the univerfity of Tubingen. It is
feated on the Remms, 20 miles Nw of
Eflingen.
Lorp Howe’s GRoup, an extenfive
group of iflands in the S$ Pacific Ocean,
difcovered, in 1791, by captain Hunter,
who diftin&tly defcried 32 of them, fome
of confiderable extent. They appeared
thickly covered with wood, among which
the cocoa-nut was very diltinguifhable.
Nine of the natives came near the fhip, in
a canoe, which was about 40 feet long,
badly made, and had an outrigger. They
were a ftout, clean, well-made people, of
adark copper colour; their hair tied in a
knot on the back of the head; and they
appeared as if clean-fhaved. ‘They had
un ornament, confifting of a number of
fringes, like an artificial beard, which
was faftened clofe under the nofe ; and to
this beard hung a row of teeth, which
gave them the appearance of having a
mouth lower than their natural one.
They had hoies run through the fides of
the nofe into the paffage, into which, as
well as through the feptum, were thruft
pieces of reed or bone. The arms and
thighs were tattowed, and fome were
ainted with red and white ftreaks.
They wore a wrapper rcund their mid-
dle. Lon. from 159 14 to1$9 37 Ey lat.
5 308.
Lorp Howe's Isanp, an land of
LOR
the S Pacific Ocean, difcovered, in 1788,
by lieutenant King, in his voyage from
Port Jackion to Norfolk land. Maay
excellent turtle have been caught here on
a fandy beach; and it abounds with a
variety of birds, which were fo unaccuf-
tomed to be diiturbed, that the {eamen
went near enough to knock down as
many as they wanted with a ftick. At its
s end aretwo high mountains, ncarly per-
pendicular from the fea; the fouthern-
moft named Mount Gower. About 14
miles to the s is a remarkable rock,
named Ball's Pyramid, which had much
the appearance of a iteeple at a diftance.
The iftand is three miles and a half long,
and very narrow. Lon. 159 0 £y lat.
31 365,
Lorepo, a town of Italy, in Polefine
di Rovigo, feated on the Adige, 20 miles
E of Rovigo. Lon. 12 50 Ey lat..45
5 .N.
Lorerto, a fortified town of Italy,
in the marquifate of Ancona, with a bi-
fhop’s fee. It contains the Cafa Santa,
or Houle of Nazareth, in which it is
pretended Jefus Chritt was brought up 5
and that it was carried by angels inte
Dalmatia, and thence to the place where
it now ftands. The inner part of this
houfe or chapel is very old; but it is
furrounded by a marble wall, and within
is a church, built of freeftone. The
famous lady of Loretto, who holds the
infant Jefus in her arms, itands upon the
principal altar: this ftatue is of cedar
wood, three feet high, but her face can
hardly be feen, on account of the nu-
merous lamps around her. She is clothed
with cloth of gold, fet off with jewels,
and the little Jefus is covered with a
fhirt. He holds a globe in his hand, and
is adorned with rich jewels. There are
prodigious numbers frequently go in pil-
grimage to Loretto; and every pilgrim,
atter having performed his devotion,
makes.the Virgin a prefent proportion.
able to his ability; whence it may be
concluded, that this chapel is immenfely
rich. Chriftina, queen of Sweden, made
the Virgin a preient of a crown of gold,
worth 100,000 crowns; and Ifabella, in-
fanta of Spain, fent her a garment which
coit 40,000 ducats. Lewis xm of
France, and his queen, fent her two
crowns of gold, tnriched with diamonds,
and an angel of maffy filver, holding in
his hand the figure of the dauphin, of
folid gold. The town itfelf, exclufive
of the chapel, is neither confiderable nor
agreeable; nor does it contain above 300
mbabitants, aa are alinett all thos.
a
LOT
makers, tailors, or fellers of ch ipiets. It
is feated on a mountain, three miles from
the gulf of Venice, 12 se of Ancona,
and 112 NE of Rome. Lon. 13 38 £,
lat. 43 27 N.
LorcvuEs, a populous town of France,
in the department of Var and late pro-
vince of Provence, feated on the Argens,
five miles w by s of Draguignan, and
360 s by £ of Paris. Lon. 6 27, lat.
43 30N. |
Lorn, a dittrict in the N part of Ar-
gylethire, between Loch Etive and Loch
Awe. ’
Lorrain, a late province of France,
bounded on the nN by Luxemburg and
‘Treves, on the £ by Allace and Deux-
Porfts, on the s by Franche Comté, and
on the w bv Champagne and Bar. It is
too miles in length and 75 in breadth,
and zbounds in all forts of corn, wine,
hemp, flax, and rape-feed. There are
fine meadows and large forefts, with mines
ot iron, filver, and copper, and {falt-pits.
The principal rivers are the Macfe or
Meufle, the Moielle, the Seille,the Mfeurthe,
and the Sare. In 1733, the French con-
quered Lorrain ; and, at the peace in
1735, it was agreed, that Staniflaus, the
titular king of Poland, father-in-law to
the king of France, fhould poffefs this
duchy with that of Bar, and that after
his death they fhould be united to France.
Tt was alfo agreed, that Francis Stephen,
duke of Lorrain, and the emperor’s fon-
in-law, fhould have the grand duchy of
Tufcany as an equivalent for Lorrain.
After the death of the great duke of
Tufcany, in 1737, king Staniflaus and
the duke of Lorrain took poffeifion of
their refpeétive dominions ; and the cef-
fion was confirmed and guarantied by a
treaty in 1738. This province now
torms the three departments of Meurthe,
Bingen.
Lorris, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Loiret and late province of
Orleannois. It was the refidence of Phi-
lip the Long, in 1317, and of other kings
of France. It is 15 miles w by s of
Montargis.
Lot, a river of France, which rifes in
the department of Lozere, and water-
ing Mende and Cahors, enters the Ga-
ronne, below Agen. It begins to be na-
vigable at Cahors.
Lot, a department of France, includ-
ing the late province of Querci. It takes
LOU
its name from the river Lot.
the capital.
Lot anp GARONNE, 4 department of
France, including part of the late province
of Guienne, and fo called from two rivers,
Agen is the capital.
LouTHian, East. See HADDINGTON-
SHIRE.
Loruian, Mip.
SHIRE.
LoTHian, WEST.
GOWSHIRE.
Louans, a {mall town of France, in
the department of Saone and Loire and
late province of Burgundy, fituate in a
kind of ifland, between the rivers Seilles,
Salle, and Solnan, 18 miles se of Cha-
lons.
Loupun, a town of France, in the
department of Vienne and late province
of Poitou. It is remarkable for the tra-
gical end of its re&tor, Urbain Grandier,
who, in 1634, was burnt alive for having
caufed certain Urfulin nuns to be pot-
felled with devils! It is feated on a moun-
tain, 30 miles Nw of Poitiers, and 155
sw of Paris. Lon.o 17£, lat.47 2N.
LOUGHBOROUYGH, 2 town in Leicef-
terfhire, with a market on Thuriday. It
is feated near the foreft of Charwood,
among fertile meadows, on the river Svar,
18 miles N of Leicefter, and 109 NNW of
London. Lon.1 10 Wy, lat. 52 48N.
Louisa, a town of Swedifh Finland,
with a fortrefs, on a bay of the gulf of
Finland. The houles are all of wood,
two ftories high, and painted red.
LOvISBURGH, atown of N America,
capital of the ifland of Cape Breton. It
was taken by the Englifh i. 1745, re-
ttored to the-French in 1745, taken again
by the Englifh in 1758, and ceded to
them in 1763; fince which the fortifica-
tions have been deftroyed. It has an ex-
cellent harboer, near four leagues in cir-
cumference. Lon. 59 43 W, lat. 45 54.
LovisiANay a large country ot N
America, bounded on the £ by the Mif-
fifippi, on the s by the gulf of Mexico,
on the w by New Mexico, and running
indefinitely N. It is agreeably fituate
between the extremes of heat and cold;
its climate varying as it extends toward
the n. The timber is as fine as any in
the world; and the quantities of oak,
ath, mulberry, walnut, cherry, cypre(s,
and cedar, are aftonifhing. The neigh-
bourhocd of the Miffiffippi, befides, tur-
nifhes the richeft fruits in great variety.
The foil is particularly adapted for hemp,
flax, and tobacco ; and indigo is a ftaple
commodity, which commonly yiekis the
Cahors is
See EDINBURGH.
See LiNLITH-
lante
is inte
among}
the A
try w
in 154
in 168
the be
it was
Lot
the co
ritory
only,
315
Lot
the p
Gnetn
Lou
the pr
fource
ing eig
jurifda
Pekin.
Lor
fea, i
cates,
Loi
depart
late pr
caftle,
Pau, 1
5 Ww, -
Lot
rovin
ie bre
magh |
the Ih
and E
is part
a fruit
county
w of
Lor
fhire,
Saturd
with a
ed by
tion, |
to the
It is |
w of
25 Ne
shors is
‘ment of
province
o rivers,
NGTON-
BURGK-
INLITH-
‘ance, im
oire and
ite in a
3 Seilles,
of Cha-
» in the
province
the tra-
srandier,
r having
be pot-
a moun-
and 155
17 2N.
1 Leicef-
day. It
1arwood,
ver Soar,
NNW of
8N.
Finland,
> gulf of
of wood,
1,
America,
tton. It
745, Yee
cen again
ceded to
fortifica-
as an ex-
es in cir-
45 54N.
ry ot N
‘the Mif-
Mexico,
| running
ly fituate
ind. cold ;
1s toward
as any in
of oak,
, cyprels,
he neigh-
ides, tur-
t variety.
for hemp,
is a ftaple
yiekis the
LOU
lanter three or four cuttings a year. It
1s interfected by a number of fine rivers,
among which are the Natchitoches, and
the Adayes, or Mexicano. This coun-
try was difcovered by Ferdinand de Soto,
in 1541 ; traverfed by M. de la Salle,
in 1682; and fettled by Lewis XIV, in
the beginning of this century. In 1763,
it was ceded to Spain.
LOUISVILLE, a »wn of Kentucky, in
the county of Jefterion. Its unhealthi-
nefs, owing to ftagnated waters at the
back of the town, has hitherto retarded
its growth. It is feated on the Ohio,
oppofite Clark{ville, 95 miles sw of Lex-
ington. Lon. 86 30 W, lat. 38 3N.
LovulI-TCHEOU-FOU, a city of China,
in the province of Quang-tong. Its ter-
ritory is feparated, by a narrow itrait
only, from the ifle ot Hai-nan. It is
315 miles sw of Canton.
Louitz,:a town of Great Poland, in
the palatinate of Rava, 55 miles £ of
Gnetna. Lon.19 o£, lat. 52 26N.
Lou-NGAN-FOU, a city of China, in
the province of Chan-fi, fituate near the
fource of the Tfo-tfang-ho, and coutain-
ing eight cities of the third ciafs in its
jurifdaction. It is 375 miles sw of
Pekin.
Lounea,.Locny, a great arm of the
fea, in Argylefhire, which communi-
cates, on the s, with the frith of Clyde.
LouRDE, a town of France, in the
department of the Upper Pyrenees and
late province of Bigorre, with an ancient
caltle, feated on a rock, on the Gave de
Pau, 10 miles nw of Bagneres. Lon. o
5 Ww, lat. 43 8 .N.
LourH, a county of Ireland, in the
province ot Leinfter, 29 miles long and
13 broad; bounded on the N by Ar-
magh and Carlingford Bay, on the E by
the Irifh Sea, on the w by Monaghan
and E Meath, from which laft county it
is parted, on the s by the Boyne. It is
a fruitful country, contains 50 parithes,
and fends 10 members to parliament.
Drogheda is the capital.
Louru, a town of Ireland, in a
county of the fame name, 19 miles N by
w of Drogheda.
LouTu, a corporate town of Lincoln-
fhire, with a market on Wednefday and
Saturday. Here is a noble Gothic church,
with a lofty {pire, and a freef{chool found-
ed by Edward vi. It has a new naviga-
tion, by means of its brook, the Lud,
to the German Ocean, at Tetney Creek.
It is 28 miles NE of Lincoln, and 148
w of London, Lon. @ 10 By lat. 53
25 Ne :
LOW
Louvain, a city of Auttrian Bra-
bant, with an old caftle, and a cele-
brated univerfiry. Its walls are nearly
feven miles in circumference, but within
them are many gardens and vineyards.
The public buildings are magnificent,
and the univerfity confifts of a great num-
ber of colleges. Large quantities of cloth
were formerly made here, but this trade
is greatly decayed, and it is now chiefly
remarkable tor good beer, with which it
ferves the alg heuting towns. It was
taken by the French in 1746, 1792, and
1794. It is feated on the Dyle, 14 miles
E by N of Bruflels, and 40 NE of Mons.
Lon. 4 31 £, lat. 50 53N.
Louvesrein, a tortrets of the United
Provinces, in Holland, on the w enti of
an ifland, called Bommel Waert. In this
caltle, the patriotic chiefs were imprifoned
by prince Maurice ; whence that party
has ever fince been called the Louvei-
tein party. It is 16 miles E of Dort.
Lon. 5 13 £, lat. 50 40 N.
Louviers, a fortified town of France,
in the department of Eure and late pro-
vince of Normandy. it has a confider-
able manufaéture of fine cloths, and is
{eated on the Eure, ina fertile plain, 10
miles N of Evreux, and 55 Nw of Paris.
Lon.1 15 8, lat. 49 oN.
J.ouvO, a populous town of the king-
dom of Siam, with a royal palace, 50
miles N of the city of Siam. Lon. 100
50 F, lat. 15 8 NY
LowpoRg, a fine cataraést in Cumber-
land, on the £ fide of the lake of Der-
went-water, in the vale of Kefwick. It
is formed by the rufhing of the waters of
Watanlath through an awful chafm made
by the contiguity of two vaft rocks; but
it fails entirely in a dry featon.
LOWESTOFSE, a town in Suffolk, with
a market on Wednefday. It is built on
a cliff, the moft eaiterly point of Great
Britain; partakes with Yarmouth in the
mackerel and herring fifheries ; is much
frequented for fea-bathing ; and has a
manutaéture of coarfe china. It is 10
miles s of Yarmouth, and 117 NE of Lon-
don. Lon. 1 558, lat. 52 35 N.
LOWEs-WATER, a lake in Cumber-
land, one mile long and a quarter of a
mile broad. It is of no great depth, and
without char; but it abounds with pike
and perch. _ In oppolition to all the other
lnkes, it has its courfe from N to s, and,
under the lofty Mellbreak, falls into Cro-
mack-water.
Lowicz, a populous town of Poland,
in the palatinate of Rava, with a ftrong
fortre(s, feated on the Bzura, 21 miles 6
23
LUB
of Plockfko, and 30 wn of Rava.
29 EB, lat. 52 24.N.
Low-Layton, a village in Effex,
which, with that of Laytonftone, forms
one parifh, on the fkirts of Epping Foreft.
Here are fome remains of a Roman {tta-
tion: feveral foundations, with Roman
bricks, and coins, having been tound
near the mdanor-houfe ; and fome urns,
with afhes in them, have been dug up in
the.churchyard, and other parts. It is
fix miles nz of Londen.
Loxa, a confiderable town of Spain,
in Granada, feated in a feftile country,
on the river Xenil, 18 miles w of Gra-
nada. Lon. 3 52 w, lat. 37 15 N.
Loxa, a town of Peru, in the province
of Quito, 200 miles Ene of Paita. Lon.
77 10 Wy lat. 4 50S.
LoyvTz, a town of Pomerania, in the
county of GutzKow, feated on the Pene,
30 miles above the city of Gutzkow.
Lozere, a department of France, in-
cluding the late province of Gevaudan.
Jt is a mountainous barren country, and
receives its nime from one of its princi-
pal mountains. Mende is the capital.
LuBaN, a town of the Ruffian govern-
auent of Livonia, 7o miles £ of Riga.
Lon. 26 36 £, lat. 56 55 .N.
LUBANSKEN-SEA, or the LAKE of
LuBan, a lake in Livonia, toward the
confines of Courland and Lithuania, The
river Rofitta falls into this lake.
LUBBEN, a town. of Germany, in
Lower Lufatia, capital of a diftri of the
fame natue. It has teveral churches, with
a noble hofpital, and a landhoufe, or houfe
where the diets-allemble. It is feated on
the Spree, 60 miles sE of Berlin. Lon.
14 25 E, lat. 52 ON.
LuBec, a free imperial city and fea-
port of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of
Holftein. It was the head of the fa-
mous hanfeatic league, formed here in
1164, and the moft commercial city and
powerful republie of the North. Her
fleet fet the northern powers at defiance,
and rode miftrefs of the Bultic. But it
now retains not a fhadow of its tormer
power, and has loft great part of its
trade. The houfes are -built in a very
ancient ftyle ; the doors being fo large as
to admit carriages into the hall, which
frequently ferves for a coachhoufe ; and
the walls of many houfes bear the date
of the 15th century. The townhoule -is
a Superb ftru@are, and has feveral tow-
ers. Here is alfo a fine exchange, built
in 1683. The inhabitants are afl Lu-
herans, and the chief preacher has the
title of Superintendant. There: are five
Lon. 19
LUC
large churc.ses, one of which is the ca-
thedral, whofe body is of an extraordinary
length, containing feveral curiofities ;
fuch as a handfome ftatue of the virgin
Mary, acurious clock, and a prodigious
large organ. There were formerly four
convents 3 and in that of St. John, there
are ftill forme protettant girls, under the
government of an abbefs. That of St,
Mary Magdalen is terned into an hotpi-
tal: that of St. Ann is made a houfe of
correétion ; and the monattery of St. Ca-
therine is now a handfome college. Lu-
bec is feated at the confluence of fome
rivers, the largeft of which is the Trave,
14 miles sw of the Baltic, and 30 NE ot
Hamburg. Lon. 10 44 £, lat. 53 52.
LusBec, Bisuopric OF, a fmall
bifhopric, in the duchy of Holftein. It
has been enjoyed by proteftant princes of
the houie of Holftein, ever fince 1551,
when Lutheranifm was eftablifhed here,
LuBec, an ifland of the Indian Ocean.
Lon. 112 22 E, lat. 5 50S.
LuBEN, a town of Siletia, capital of a
circle of the fame name, in the principa-
lity of Lignitz, 22 miles Nw of Breflaw.
Lon. 16 28 Ey lat. 51 20 N.
LusLin, acity of Peland, capital of a
palatinate of the fame name, with a cita-
del, a bifhop’s fea, and a Jewifh fyna-
gogue. It is feated on the Weiprz, 75
miles sz of Warlaw. Lon. 22 458,
lat. 51 14.N.
Lusow, a town of Poland, in the 'pa-
latinate of Cracow, 50 miles gE of Cra-
cow. Lon. 20 36 £, lat. 49 36 N.
Luc, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Var and late province of Pro-
vence, 25 miles NE of Toulon. Lon. 6
25 E, lat. 43 28 N.
Luc, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ifere and late province of
Dauphiny, feated on the Drome, 32 miles
s of Grenoble. Lon. 5 48 Ey lat. 44
40 N.
LuCAR-DE-BARAMEDA, ST. a fea-
port of Spain, in Andalufia, with a bi-
fhop’s fee. It has a fine harbour, well
defended ; and is feated at the mouth of
the Guadalquiver, 44 miles s by w of Se-
ville and 270 of Madrid. Lon § 54 w,
lat. 36 58 N.
Lucar-pdE-GUADIANA, St. a ftrong
town of Spaip, in Andalafia, with a
{mall harbour on the river Guadiana, 39
miles NE of Faro. Lon. 8 16 wy, lat. 37
18 N,
Lucar-ta-Mayor, ST. a town of
Spain, in Andalufia, feated on the Guadi-
ana, ro miles Nw of Seville. Lon. §
33 Wy lat. 37 36 Ne
Luc¢
the Tu
and 10
produce
of wine
Their o
and the
nuts in
protecti
ment is
republid
has the
council
every t
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princip
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Luca
ital of
is three
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their ar
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Lucca i
the rive
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Lon. 10
LUCE
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LUCE
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and 20 |
the can
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Roman
16,000
ment of
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hundred
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vereign |
the latte
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confirm:
and as t
filled u
mains i
families
the ca-
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virgin
igious
ly four
» there
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hotpi-
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~ Lu
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§2'N.
} {mall
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neces of
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IZ, 75
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Lon. §
LUC
Lucca, a republic of Italy, lying on
the Tufcan Sea. It is 20 miles in length
and 10 in breadth. The foil does not
produce much corn; but there is pisity
of wine, oil, filk, wool, and cheftnuts.
Their oil, in particular, is in high efteem ;
and the common people ufually eat cheft-
nuts inftead of bread. It is under the
protection of the emperor, and the govern-
ment is ariftocratic. The head of this
republic has the name of gonfalonier, who
has the executive power, together with a
council of nine members, who are changed
every two months ; but the legiflative au-
thority is lodged in a fenate of 200 of the
principal perfons, who ballot for the
choice of all officers.
Lucca, a fortified city of Italy, ca-
ital of a revublic of the farre name. It
1s three miles in circumfe’ ence, and an
archbifhop’s fee. Here are confiderable
manufactures of filk, and gold and filver
ftuffs. All travellers are obliged to leave
their arms at the city gate, and none are
fuffered to wear a {word in the town.
Lucca is feated ina fruitful plain, near
the river Serchio, 10 miles NE of Pifa, 37
w of Florence, and 155 N by w of Rome.
Lon. 10 35 E, lat. 43 50 N.
Luce, a great bay in Wigtonhhire, ly-
ing to the E of the promontory, called the
Mull of Gajloway.
LucERA, an ancient town of the king-
dom of Naples, in Capitanata, with a bi-
fhop’s fee, 30 miles sw of Manfredonia,
and 65 NE of Naples. Lon. 15 34.£,
lat. 41 28 N.
Lucern, one of the cantons of Swif-
ferland, and the moft confiderable except
Zuric and Bern. It is 30 miles in length
and 20 in breadth; bounded on the E by
the cantons of Underwalden, Schweitz,
and Zug, and on all the.other fides, by the
canton of Bern. ‘The inhabitants are
Roman catholics ; and they can fend
16,000 men into the field. Phe govern-
ment of this republic is entirely arifto-
cratical, or rather oligarchical. The fo-
vereign power refides in the council of one
hundred, comprifing the fenate, or little
council. The former is the nominal {fo-
vereign; but the whole power refides in
the latter, confifting of 36 perfons, who
are formed into two divifions, which ex-
ercife the office by rotation. ‘The divi-
fion which retires at the end of fix months
confirms that which comes into office;
and as the vacant places in the fenate are
filled up by its own body, the power re-
mains in the pofleifion of a few patrician
families, The fenatorial dignity, more-
LUC
over, may be confidered, in fome degree,
as hereditary; the fon generally fucceed-
ing his father, or the brother his brother,
The chiefs of the republic are two ma-
giftrates, called advoyers, who are cho-
fen from the fenate by the fovereign, and
annually confirmed.
LUCERN, the capital of the canton of
Lucern, in Swifferland. It is divided into
two by a branch of the Reufs, which falls
into the lake, on which the town is feat-
ed. It fcarcely contains 3000 inhabi-
tants, has no manufaétures of confe-
quence, and little commerce. The po
has always a nuncio refident here. Tn
the cathedral is an organ of a fine tone,
and of an extraordinary fize ; the centre
Pipe is 40 feet in length, near three in
breadth, and weighs r100 pounds. The
bridges which tkirt the town, round the
edge of the lake, are the fathionable
walk of the place, and remarkable for
their length. Being covered at the top,
and open at the fides, they afford a con-
ftant view of the delightful and romantic
country. They are decorated with coarfe
paintings, reprefenting the hiftories of
the Old Teftament, the battles of the
Swils, and the dance of death. Lucern
1s 30 miles sw of Zuric, and 3. g£ of
Bern. Lon. 8 6 £, lat. 47 5 N.
Lucern, Lake or. See WaLp-
STATTER SEE.
LUCERNA, a town of Italy, in Pied-
mont, 15 miles sw of Turin. Lon. 7
38 E, lat. 44 52 N.
_LUCHEN, a town of Spain, in Valen-
Cia, 30 miles s of the city of that name.
Lon. o 10 £, lat. 38 53 N.
Lucia, St. one of the Windward
Caribbee Ifiands, in the W Indies, 22
miles in length and 21 in breadth. It
confilts of plains well watered with rivu-
lets, and hills turnifhed with timber; and
has feveral good bays, and commodious
harbours, George 1 granted this ifland
to the duke of Montague, who fettled it ;
but the colony was not profperous ; and
dilputes arifing between the French and
Englifh, it was agreed that the ifland
fhould be abandoned, and confidered as
one of the neutral iflands. By the peace
of 1763, it was ftipulated, that the neu-
tral iflands fhould be divided between the
two crowns, and St. Lucia was allotted
to irance. In 1779, it was taken by
the Englifh, but rettored by the peace of
1783; was taken again in 17943 evacu-
ated in June 1795, and again taken in
‘May 1794. ‘There are two high moun-
tains, by which this ifland may be known
Z4
LUC
at a confiderable diftance.
6 of Martinico.
25 .N.
Lucia, Sr. one of the Cape de Verd
Tilands, 400 miles w of the conti-
nent of Africa. Lon. 24 32 w, lat. 16
45 N.
LUCIGNANO, a town of Italy, in Tul-
cany, romiles sof Sienna. Lon.11 11k,
lat. 43 ON.
LuCKNow, an ancient and extenfive
city of Hindcoftan Proper, capital of
Oude. It is mean!v built; the houfes
are chiefly mud walls, covered with thatch ;
many are entirely of mats and bamboos,
thatched with leaves of the cocoa-nut,
palm-tree, and fometimes with ftraw;
and very few are built with brick: the
ftreets are creoked, narrow, and worle
than moft in India. In the dry feaion,
the duft and heat are intolerable; in the
rainy feafon, the mire is fo ¢:ep, as to be
{carcely paflable ; and there is a great
number of elephants, belonging to the
nabob and the great men of his court,
which are continually pafling the ftreets,
either to the palace, orto the river, to the
great danger and annoyance of the foot
pallenger, as well as the inferior clafs of
opkeepers. The comforts, cohveniency,
or property of this clafs of people are, in-
deed, little attended to, either by the
great men or their fervants ; the elephant
itfelf being frequently known to be infi-
nitely more attentive to them as he pafles,
and to children in particular. The pa-
Jace of the nabob is feated ona high bank
near the Goomty, and commands an ex-
tenfive view both of that river and the
country on the eaftern fide. Lucknow is
650 miles Nw of Calcutta. Lon. 81 258,
fat. 26 35.N,
Luckxo, a town of Poland, capital of
Volhinia, with a citadel, and a bi/hop’s
fee, feated on the Ster, 75 miles NE of
Lemburg, and 175 sz of Warfaw. Lon,
25 30 E, lat. 51 313.N.
Luco, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo
Citeriore, feated on the w bank of the
lake Celano.
Lucon, or Luzon, atown of France,
in the department of Vendée and late pro-
vince of Poitou, and lately an epifcopal
fee. It is feated in an unwholefome mo-
rafs, 17 miles N of R chelle, and 50
sof Nantes. Lon.1 5 Ww, lat.46 27N.
Luconia, or MANILLA, the chief of
the Philippine Ilands, in the N Pacif.
Ocean, goo miles in length and reo in
breadth. It is not fo hot as may be ex-
Sine becatile it is well watered by large
akes and rivers, and the periodical rains,
It is 27 miles
Lon. 60 45 W, lat. 13
LUD
which inundate all the plains. There are
feveral volcanos in the mountains, which,
eccafion earthquakes ; and a variety of
hot baths. The produce of this ifland is
wax, cotton, wild cinnamon, fulphur, co.
coa-mits, rice, gold, horfes, buftaloes,
and game. Philip mu, of Spain, formed
a {cheme of planting acolony in the Phi-
Jippine Iflands, which had been negleéted
fince the diicovery of them by Magellan,
in 1523. Manilla, in this iland, was
the {tation chofen for the capital of the new
eftablifhment. Hence an a&tive commer.
cial intercourfe began with the Chinefe,
aconfiderable number of whom fettled in
the Philippine Iflands, under the Spanith
protection. Thefe fupplied the colony fo
amply with all the viluable productions
and manutactures of Afia, as enabled it
to open a trade with America, bya direg&
courte of navigation, the longeft from
land to Jand on our globe. This trade,
at firft, was carried on with Callao, on
the coaft of Peru; but it was afterward
removed to Acapulco, on the coaft of
New Spain. From this port annually {ail
one or two fhips, which are permitted to
carry out filver to the amount of 500,000
crowns, in return for which they bring
back from M: villa fpices, drugs, China
and Japan wares, calicoes, chintz, muf.
lins, filks, &c. The inhabitants are a
mixture of feveral nations, befide Spani-
ards ; and they all produce a mixed breed,
diftin’t from any of the reft. The blacks
have long hair, and good features; and
there is one tribe, who prick their fkins,
and draw figures on them, as they do in
moft other countries where they go na-
ked. See MANILLA.
LuDERSBURG, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Lawenburg, feated
on the Elbe, five miles above the tewn of
Lawenburg.
LUDGERSHALL, a borough in Wilt.
fhire, that fends two members to parlia.
ment, but has now no market. It is
15 miles N of Salifbury, and 72 N by
w of London. on, 1 45 Wy, lat. 53
17 N.
Lypyow, a borough in Shrophhire,
with a market on Monday. Here a court
is held for the marches of Wales; and it
is encompaffed by a wall, having feven
gates. te has likewite a caftle, where all
bufinefs was formerly tranfacted for the
principality of Wales; and a ftately
church, formerly collegiate. It fends two
members to parliament, and js feated on
the Tame, 29 miles s of Shrewfbury, and
138 Nw of London. Lon, 2 ¢2 Wy lat,
52 23 Ne .
Lud
tal of a
is the
bailiw
curve 4
by an
einpor
eeech
the St
contai
gmine
chure
from i
built
the ge
walls
tons td
the ca
tion o
Lon.
Lu
the If
miles
jn bre
ing iJ
about
here are
By which,
ariety of
ifland is
ma co.
ultaloes,
» formed
the Phi-
neglected
Aagellan,
nd, was
F the new
commer.
Chinefe,
ettled’ im
+ Spanith
colony fo
ductions
abled it
ya diregt
eft from
jis trade,
lao, on
fterward
coaft of
ally fail
itted to
500,000
ey brin
3» China
Zs muf.
ts are a
e Spani-
d breed,
e blacks
"es; and
‘ir tkins,
ey do in
1 go Na.
wer Sax-
3, feated
tawn of
n Wilt.
) parlia.
It is
2 N by
lat. 53
ophhire,
» a court
; and it
ge feven
rhere all
for the
ftately
nds two
ated on
ry, and
W; lat,
LUN LU P
: ‘i ‘Ment mufcadine wine, and is
town of Swifferland, capi- produces exce
ralofa bailtwic of the fame name, which te miles : of Montpellier. Lon. 4 19 £,
t.-the pene’ ; ‘our tranfalpine lat. 43 38 N. ,
is Sie pa ot ei a abiitle _, LUNENBURG, a duchy of HETAaNY, Ne
oss ie t the lake of Lugano, and backed ‘the circle of Lower Saxony, fubject 3 the
ee be hitheatre of hills. It is the elector of Hanover. Including Ze :
by Sue of the greate/+ part of the is bounded on the N By the pt ele
rerchardile which pafles trom Italy over eperetes : el Be the woatqulllte ne
: Bernardin. It burg, on the £
date he mone ae 7 and on an Brandenburg, on the s by aid i
ep above the town, is the principal Brunfwick, and on the ae t a ne sl
harsh: which has a celighie! it pia files Ur iehet Rites a daach: hie
vom its terrace. Moitt of the houfes are mi ‘dedi :
ve at teeatenk and the refidence of tered by the rivers Aller, Elbe, ape oF
16 mor is a low building, on the menau. Part of it is full of heaths and
Walle ot hich are the arms of 12 can- forefts, which abound with wild bostts
sok. bo which this bailiwic is fubje&t; for but near the rivers it is pretty fertile.
jurifdi tortificd town of
f Appenzel has no jurildic- LUNENBURG, a for
the many . It Vey miles Nw of Como. Lower Saxony, capital of a duchy oe
Lon "3 48 : lat. 45 54 .N. fame name. ‘The chiet public edifices
on. » lat.
” Swi are thrce parifh churches, the ducal pa-
Yale's de rie Abert vi lace, thiee hofpitals, the townhoufe, the
cP tag sh “and from tug to tour falr Agee Ts me anatomical hoe me
rn bre its fe ur - academy, and the conventual churc
i bg nti hy ree _ St. Michael, in which are interred the
nari 5 fi et hi her than the lakes ancient dukes; it alfo contains a famous
Sak Loca table, eight feet long and four wide,
oes oan city of Spain, in plated over with chated gold, and the rim
wee ith : bitho *s fee. There are embellithed with precious fones, of an
eee THE 8 it boiling hot. It is immenfe value, which was taken from the
we a the Minho, 32 miles sz of Saracens by we ela ini pul a
. Ovi 1698, a gang of robbers ftrippec
Faure aging an oe Ngai ctid pie nibies ait emeralds, a lange diamond,
; iui Poet oF Swedith Lapland, at and moft of the gold. r he ee i ings
the maith of the Lula, on the w fide of near this place produce Bee eh nce
‘of Bothnia, 42 miles sw of Tor- of falt, which bring in a gooc i es
me ear * lat 65 29N. the fovereign, and chiefly employ the in-
rT ae sncit alent town of Swe- habitants. Lunenburg is feated on oe
den “eaoktal of Schonen, with an arch- Ilmenau, 31 Ra SE Lee ~
bithopric, and a univerfity. It contains 60 N oF propionic . Lon.10 31 £,
o houfes, carries on 53 1 ‘A ;
ue ea principally fupport- = Lunera,a Lena dg Healy Osteen
its univerfity, founded by Charles Naples and Puzzoli.- It cont pe Hse
se iv nat th called Academia Caro- fulphur and alum; and the fprings tha
A even Here likewife aching rife i it are excellent for curing
i i i y wounds,
i hypperapniens por A aa LUNEVILLE, a confiderable town “
ine itr aa , building. It is 20 France, inthe department of Meurthe an
miles aE of La ud crona ea 225 sw of late duchy of Lorrain, with acaftle, where
Pie Bg Lo ys ab E, lat. 55 33N. the dukes formerly kept their court, as
bis er ) a of Lower Saxony, did afterward king Staniflaus. It is ae
a if Holftein feated near the converted into barracks. The church o
ear xf nw of Gluckftadt. the late regular canons is very handfome ;
prs 2 eg 4 26 N and here Staniflaus founded a military
as } Y, i iflandt in the mouth of the {chool, a large library, and a a hofpi-
Briftol Channel, near the middle, between tal. It is feated in ; plait, ay 4 sere
Devonfhive and Pembrokefhire. Lon. 4 Vezouze and Meurthe, 1 §
Nanci, and 62 w of Strafburg. Lon. 6
lat. 51 25 N. NARCI,
“ive Be Lon. Se AT a town of Auftrian
LuUNEL, a town of France, in the de- Lupo GLavo, a
artment of Gard and late province of Iftria, feated near the mountains of Vena,
guedoc, near the river Ridourle. It 15 miles w of St. Veit. :
LUT
LuRF, atown of France, in the depart-
ment of Upper Saone and late province of
Franche Comté, remarkable only for a late
abbey of Benedi¢tines, converted, iu 1764,
into a chapter of noble canons. It is 30
miles NE of Befangon, Lon. 6 33 £,
lat. 47 38 N.
LuRl, an ancient town of Corfica, be-
tween Cape Corfe and the towns of Battia
and St. Fiorenzo.
LusaTIA, a marquifate of Germany,
bounded on the N by Brandenbvrg, on
the E by Silefia, on the s by Bohemia,
and on the W by Miinia. It is divided
inte the Upper and Lower, and is fubjeét
to the elector of Saxony.
LusIGNAN, a town of France, in the
department of Vienna and late province
of Poitou, feated on the Vonne, 15 miles
ssw of Poitiers and 200 of Paris. Lon.
© 10 Ey lat. 46 25 .N.
Luso, a river of Italy, which rifes in
the duchy of Urbino, crofles part of Ro-
magna, and falls into the gult of Venice,
to miles w of Rimini.
LureNBuRG, a town of Germany, in
the duchy of Stiria, feated on the Muehr,
34 miles sz of Gratz. Lon. 16 10 £,
lat. 46 46 N.
LUTKENBURG, a town of Germany,
in the duchy of Holltein, feated near ‘he
Baltic, 13 miles {rom Ploen.
Luton, a town in Bedtordfhire, with
LUX
tempt. Hence the Lutfchinen flows till
it falls into the lake of Brientz.
LuTrer, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Brunfwick, remarkable
for the battle gained here over the Auf.
trians, by the Danes, in 1626. It is
eight miles Nw of Goflar, and 13 sr
of Hikletheim. Lon. 10 25 Ey lat. 52
4N.
LUTTERWORTH, a town in Leicefter-
fhire, with a market on Thurfday. It is
feated on the river Swift, in a fertile foil,
and has a large handfome church, with
a fine lofty fteeple. Here Wickliff, the
firft reformer, was re€tor, who died in
1385; but was dug up and burnt fora
heretic 40 years after. Lutterworth is
14 miles s of Leicefter, and 88 NNW of
London. Lon. z 10 wW, lat. 52 26 N.
-LutTzen, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, famous for a battle, in 1632,
in which Guftavus Adolphus, king of
Sweden, was killed in the moment of
vigtory. It is feated on the Elfter, 12
miles Nw of Leipfick. Lon. 12 7 £,
lat. 53 24.N.
LUTZENSTEIN, a town of France, in
the department of Lower Rhine and late
province of Alface. It has a ftrong cattle,
and is feated on a mountain, 30 miles
Nw of Strafburg. Lon. 717 £, lat. 48
55 N.
Luxemsura, a duchy of the Auf-
a market on Monday, feated among hills, trian Netherlands; bounded on the E by
18 miles s of Bedford, and 31 n by w Treves, on the s by Lorrain, on the w by
of Lendon. Lon, 0 25 w, lat. 52 27 nN. Chanipagne and Liege, and on the N by
LUTSCHINEN, 4 river of the canton Liege and Limburg. It lies in the forett
of Bern, in Swifferland, formed by the of Ardennes; and, in fome places, is
junétion of two ftreams; che one called covered with mountains and woods, but
the Weifs Lutfchinen, flowing through in general, is fertile in corn and wine ;
the valley of Lauterbrunnen; and the and it has a great number of iron-mines.
other called the Schwartz Lutf{chinen, The selneivial rivers are the Mofelle, the
which comes from the valley of Grin- Sour, the Ourte, and the Semoy. It
delwalde. Ina rainy feafon, the river belongs partly to the houfe of Auftria,
forms a torrent, which rufhes impetu- and partly to the French.
oufly through the great mafles of rock | LUXEMBURG, a city of the Auftrian
that obitruét its courfe, and, with in- Netherlands, capital of a ¢uchy of the
cenceivable violence, forces from their fame name. It was more than once taken
beds the moft enormous fragments. The and retaken in the wars of the 16th cen-
road to Zwey Lutichinen and Lauter- tury. In 1684, it was taken by the
brunnen is over this roaring torrent, by French, who augmented the fortifications
a kind ot bridge, which is fixed againft fo much, that it is one of the ftrongeft
the fides of rocks, that are alimoft in a places in Europe. In this condition, it
leaning pofition. A huge vertical ftone, was reftored to the Spaniards in 16973
‘railed in the middle of the river, fupports retaken by the French in 1701; given to
fome thick planks, fo badly joined, as the Dutch, as a barrier town in 17133
to be neither fteady nor folid; and thefe but ceded to the houfe of Auftria in
‘form the wretched bridge, over which 1715. In the prefent war, ‘it furrendered
the inhabitants daily pafs, with a firm ftep by capitulation to the French June 1,
and undaunted eye; a pallage, which 1795. It is divided by the Alfitz into
the traveller, unaccuftomed to fuch ftrange the upper and lower towns; the former,
communications, would tremble to at- almoft quite furrounded by rocks, but
the lowe
miles 5
Mentz.
LUXE
departm
vince of
its mine
wins, met
it is fup]
place in
deftroyed
town wa
by St.
feated at
w of Ve
Luze
80 miles
it contai
borough
Luz
the conf
and Gui
Croftolo
fought b
in 1702
vigtory.
Lon. 10
Luzz
bria Cit
mile s o
Lyc!
market i
n of No
Lynpr
on Thu
cinque |
Romney}
bury, a
Ey lat. :
Lyp:
Gravefe
who cai
the fons
Canute.
throne,
of Ken
LYE
partme!
ot Hai
Lon. 4
Lyn
jn Dor
It is fe
hill, o
a little
by a.
has a |
and is
duke «
the e
againg
a may
ws till
SAXON yy
arkable
e Auf.
It is
13 SE
lat. 52
icefter-
It is
le foil,
» With
ff, the
lied in
t for a
rth is
Nw of
N.
xony,
1632,
ng of
nt of
r, 12
7 Ey
ey in
1 late
aftle,
miles
t. 48
Auf-
Eb
WV ed
N by
orett
LYN LYO
the lower feated in a plain. It is 25 liament. It is 28 miles gE by s of Excter,
miles sw of Treves, and roo w of and 143 w bys of London. Lon. 3 0
Mentz. Lon. 6 17 £, lat. 49 37 N. W, lat. §3 40 N.
LuxeEviIL, a town of France, in the LYMINGTON, a borough and feaport
department of Upper Saone and late pro- in Hants, with a market on Saturday.
vince of Franche Comté, remarkable for It is feated about a mile from the channel
its mineral waters. From the number of called the Needles, that runs between the
urns, medals, and infcriptions, found here, mainland and the Ifle of Wight; and the
jt is fuppofed to have been a confiderable harbour will admit veffels of confiderable
lace in the time of the Romans. Itwas burden. It fends two members to par-
deftroyed by Attila, in 450. Near the liament, and is governed by a mayor.
town was a tate celebrated abbey, founded It is 12 miles ssw of Southampton, and
by St. Columban, an Irifhiman. It is 90 sw of London. Lon. 1 42 w, lag.
feated at the foot of the Vofges, 15 miles 5045N. ;
w of Vefoul. Lon. 6 24 alae 47 SON. LyNpuHUuRST, a village in Hants, with
LuzeRNE, a county cf Pennlylvania, a feat, which belongs to the duke of
80 miles long and 61 tive. In 1790, Gloucefter, as lord warden of the New
it contained 4,904 inhabitants. Wilkel- Forcft. It is feven miles N of Lymington.
borough is the capital. Lynn Reais, or Kino’s Lynn, a
LuzzarA, a ftrong town of Italy, on borough and feaport in Norfolk, with a
the confines of the duchies of Mantua market on Tuelday and Saturday. By
and Guaftalla, near the confluence of the the Oufe, and its affociated rivers, it
Croftolo with the Po. Here a battle was fupplies moft of the midland counties
fought between the French and Spaniards, with coal, timber, and wine; and, in
in 1702, when each fide claimed the return, exports malt and corn in great
vitory. It is to miles s of Mantua. quantities: it alfo partakes in the Green-
Lon. 10 50 £, lat. 45 oN. land fifhery. Lynn is governed by a
Luzzi, a town of Naples, in Cala- mayor, and fends two members to par-
bria Citeriore, near the river Craté, three liament. It has two churches, a large
mile s of Bifignana. chapel, and a good market-place, with an
Lycuam, a town in Norfolk, whofe elegant crofs. It is 42 miles WNw of
market is difufed. It is 24 miles w by Norwich, and 106 N by gE of London.
n of Norwich, and 92 NNE of London. Lon. 0 24 8, lat. 52 48 N.
Lypp, a town in Kent, with a market Lyonots, a late province of France,
on Thurfday. It is a member of the which, with that of Forez, forms the
cinque port of Romney, and feated in departinent of Rhone and Loire.
Romney Marfh, 26 miles s of Canter- Lyons, the fecond city of France for
bury, and 71 se of London. Lon. 1 4 beauty, commerce, and opulence. It is
E, lat. 50 58 N. , the capital of the department of Rhone
Lypsinc, a village in Kent, near and Loire, and is feated at the conflu-
Gravefend. Here 600 young Normans, ence of the Rhone and Saone. It was
who came over with Alfred and Edward, founded, about the year 42 B. C. by the
the fons of Ethelred, after the death of Romans, who made it the centre of the
Canute, to take pofleffion of their father’s commerce of the Gauls. About the year
throne, were maflacred by Godwin earl 145, it was totally deftroyed by fire,
of Kent. but was rebuilt, by the munificence of
Lyessr, a town of France, in the de- Nero, Many antiquities are ftill ob-
partment of the North and late province ferved, that evince its Roman origin.
of Hainault, 15 miles E of Landrecy. Lyons is the fee of an archbifhop, and
Lon. 4 10 B, lat. 50 6 N. before its recent calamities contained
Lyme Rects, a borough and feaport 100,000 inhabitants, upward of 30,000
in Dortfetthire, with a market on Friday. of whom were employed in various ma-
It is feated on the declivity of a craggy nufaétures, purticularly of rich ftuffs, of
hill, on the river Lyme, at the head of the moft exquifite workmanfhip, in filk,
a little inlet; and its harbour is formed gold, filver, &c. The quays were
by a noble pier, called the Cebb. It adorned with magnificent ftru&tures. The
has a Newfoundland and coafting trade, Hotel-de-ville vied with that of Am-
and is noted for fea-bathing. Here the fterdam; and the theatre was not fur-
duke of Monmouth landed, in 1685, for paffed by any in France. The other
the execution of his ill-judged defign principal public builings were the Hotel-
againft James 11. Lyme is governed by Dieu, the Hofpital of Charity, the Ex-
a mayor, and fends two members to pare change, the Cuftomhouie, the Palace of
MAC
Juftice, the Arfenal, a public library, and
two colleges. The bridge, which unites
the city with the fuburb de la Guillotiere,
is 1560 feet long; and there are three
other principal fuburbs, fix gates, and
feveral fine churches. Such was Lyons
before the fatal year 1793, when, in
June, it revolted againft the National
Convention. Being obliged to furrender,
in Oétober, the convention decreed, that the
walls and public buildings of Lyons fhould
be deftroyed, and the name of the city
changed to that of VILLE AFFRANCHIE,
Fhe chiefs of the infurgents had fled,
but feveral of them were afterward taken ;
and of 3528 perfons, that were tried
before the revolutionary tribunal, 1622
were either fhot or beheaded. In 1794,
however, on the deftru&tion of the fagtion
of the Jacobins, the convention decreed
that the city fhould refume its ancient
name, and that meafures fhould be taken
to reftore its manufactures and com-
merce; and, in 1795, the friends of
thofe who were fo wantonly put to death
in 1793, avenged their fate by a general
maffacre of the judges of the revolu-
tionary tribunal, and of all the Jacobins
who were then confined in the prifons of
Lyons. This city is 15 miles N of
Vienne, and 220 se of Paris. Lon, 4
55 By lat. 4546 N.
M
ABRA, a town of the kingdom of
Algiers, feated on the gulf of
Bona, w of the town of Bona.
Macao, a town of China, in the
province of Canton, in an ifland, at the
entrance of the bay of Canton. It is
defended by three forts. The Portu-
guefe have been in pofleffion of the har-
bour fince 1640. They pay a tribute of
100,000 ducats for the liberty of choofing
their own .magiftrates, exercifing their
religicn, and living according to their
own Jaws; and here, accordingly, is a
Portuguefe governor, as well as a Chi-
nefe mandarin, to take care of the town
and the neighbouring country. Lon. 113
46 E, lat. 22 12 N.
Macarsca, a feaport of Dalmatia,
with a bifhop’s fee, feated cn the gulf of
Venice, 25 miles sz of Spalatro. Lon.
18'7 E, lat. 43 49 Bb.
Macassar, a kingdom of Celebes,
whence that ifland is called Macaflar.
See CELEBES.
Macassar, a large town of the ifland
MAC
of Celebes, capital of a kingdom of the
fame name. th he houles are all of wood,
fupported by thick pofts, and the roofs
covered with very large leaves; they have
ladders to afcend into them, which they
draw up as foon as they have entered,
It is feated near the mouth of a large
river, which runs through the kingdom
from N tos. Lon. 117 28 £, lat. 50s,
MACCLESFIELD, a Corporate town in
Chefhire, with a market on Monday. It
is feated at the edge of a foreft of the fame
name, near the river Bolin, and governed
by a mayor. It has manufactures of
mohair, twift, hatbands, buttons, and
thread; and mills for the winding of
filk. It is 36 miles & of Chefter, and
171 NW of London, Lon. 2 17 W, lat.
53.15 Ne
Maceponla, a province of Turkey
in Europe; Seuiied: on the N by Servia
and Bulgaria, on the £ by Romania and
the Avanipeges on the s by Livadia,
and on the w by that country and
Albania, Salonichi is the capital.
MACERATA, a populous town of Italy,
in the marquifate of Ancona, with a
bifhop’s fee, and a univerfity. It is
feated near the mountain Chiento, 12
miles sw of Loretto. Lon. 13 27 £, lat.
43 20 N.
MAcHECOU, a town of France, in
the department of Lower Loire and late
province of Bretagne, feated on the Tenu,
20 miles sw of Nantes. Lon. 1 11 w,
lat. 47 2 .N. .
MAculAn, one of the Molucca Iflands,
20 miles in circumference, and the moft
fertile of them all. It produces the beft
cloves; and the Dutch have here three
inacceflible forts. Lon. 126 55 &, lat.
O25.
MACHICACO, a promontory of Spain,
in the bay of Bifcay. Lon. 3 0 w, lat.
43.37 N.
MACHYNLETH, a town in Montgo-
meryfhirey with a market on Monday,
feated on the Douay, over which is a
{tone bridge leading into Merioneththire.
It is 37 miles w of Montgomery, and
198 ww oof London. Lon. 3 45 W, lat.
52 24.N.
MACKERAN, a province of Perfia,
bounded on the N by Segettan and Sablef-
tan, onthe E by Hindoottan Proper, on
the s by the Arabian Sea, and on the w
by Kerman. It is tributary to the king
of Candahar: and the capital, of the fame
name, is 100 miles Nw of Tatta. Lon.
66 0 Ey lat. 260 N.
Macoco, a kingdem of Africa, to
the E of Cungo, and s of the equater.
The Port
jnhabitan
and coppé
Maco
jn the dep
Jate prov
a bithop’s
wine; an
hill, near
and 188
MACR
acrofs thé
jnto the |
ef Lebed
MACK
fhe Arcl
MACR
of the
Livadia,
Mac
Iflands,
M. de
French
ona vo
firtt fat
captain
cers and
the nati
Mac
Sea, ne
Map
Africa,
14.92.
tinent 0}
rated b
extends
from 20
commot
comple:
black.
that of
is alwa
curls 3
though
lips.
a great
rom ¢€
huts,w
roots Cc
that a
piece
their 1
{carce
Both :
lets at
bodies
are a
riches
they
Tt is
for th
They
1 of the
f wood,
le roofs
ney have
ch they
entered,
a large
ingdom
50S,
town in
Jay. It
he fame
Over'ned
ures of
$y and
ling of
er, and
Wy lat.
Turkey
’ Servia
nia and
‘ivadia,
ry and
f Italy,
with a
It is
to, 12
E, lat.
ace, in
nd late
Tenn,
II Ww,
flands,
e moft
he beit
> three
Ey lat.
Spain,
Vy lat.
ontgo-
onday,
1 is a
hfhire.
r, and
/, lat.
Perfia,
sablef-
er, On
the w
e king
e fame
Lon.
ca, to
uatoys.
MAD MAD
The Portuguefe carry on a trade with the for the men and women cohabit together
inhabitants for flaves, elephants teeth, for fome time, and then leave each other
and copper. as freely again. Here are a great num-
MACON, an ancient town of France, ber of locu(ts, crocodiles, camelions, and
jn the department of Saone and Loire and other animals common to Africa. The
late province of Burgundy. It was lately country produces corn and grapes, and
a bithop’s fee; is remarkable for its good feveral forts of excellent honey; as alfo
wine; and is feated on the declivity of a minerals and precious ftones. The
hill, near the Saone, 35 miles N of Lyons, French have attempted to fettle here, but
and 188 se of Paris. have always been repelled. There are only
Macres, ariver of Africa, which runs fome parts on the coalt yet known, Lat.
acrofs the kingdom of Tripoli, ani falls from 12 to 26° s.
jnto the Mediterranean, a little to the E MADEIRA, an ifland of the Atlantic
ef Lebeda, _ Ocean, 120 miles in circumference, and
MACRI, an ancicat town of Samos, in 240 N ei gE ot Teneriff. In 1419,
the Archipelago. when the Portuguefe, under the patronage
Macro, or Macroniss£, an ifland of prince Henry, had made their fecond
of the Archipelago, near the coaft of voyage to their recently-difcovered itland
Livadia, 20 miles E of Athens. of Porto Santo, they obferved toward the
Macuna, one of the Navigators s, a fixed {pot in the horizon, like a {mall
Iflands, in the S Pacific Ocean. Here black cloud. By degrees, they were led
M. de la Peyroufe, commander of the to conjecture that it might be land, and
French fhips, the Bouflole and Aftrolabe, fteering toward it, they arrived at a con-
ona voyage of difcovery, met with his fiderable ifland, uninhabited, and covered
firft fatal accident; M. de Langle, the with wood, which, on that account, they
captain of the Aftrolabe, with eight offi- called Madeira. Prince Henry, the next
cers and five failars, being maflacred by year, fettled a colony here, and not only
thenatives. Lon. 169 0 w, lat.14. 19 8. furnifhed it with the feeds and plants,
Maczua, a fmall ifland on the Red and domettic animals, common in Europe,
Sea, near the coaft of Abex. but he procured flips of the vine from
MapaGascar, a large ifland of Cyprus, the rich wines of which were
Africa, difcovered by the Portuguefe, in then in great requeft, and plants of the
1492. It lies 40 leagues E of the con- fugar-cane from Sicily, into which it had
tinent of Africa, from which it is fepa- been lately introduced. ‘Thefe throve
rated by the trait of Mofambique. It fo profperoufly, that the fugar and wine
extends goo miles from N to s, and is of Madeira quickly became articles of
from 200 to 300 broad. ‘The natives ars fome confequence in the commerce of
commonly tall, well made, of an olive Portugal; buc its wine, in particular,
complexion, and fome. of them pretty is in the higheft eftimation, efpeci-
black. Their hair is not woolly, like ally fuch as has been a voyage to the E
that of the negroes of Guinea; but it or W Indies, for it matures beft in the
is always black, and for the molt part hotteit climate. The fcorching heat of
curls naturally: their nofe is finall, fummer, and the icy chill of winter, are
though not flat, and they have not thick here equally unknown; for {pring and
lips. They have no cities or towns, but autumn rciga continually, and produce
a great number of villages aimall diftance : flowers and fruits throughout the year,
rom each other. Their houfes are pitiful The cedar tree is found in great abun-
huts,without windows or chimnies,andthe dance, and extremely beautiful: moft of
roofs covered with reeds or leaves. Thofe the ceilings and furniture at Madeira are
that are dreft in the beft manner have a made of that wood, which yields a very
piece of cotton cloth, or filk, wraptround fragrant fmell. ‘The dragon tree is a
their middle ; but the common fort have native of this ifland, Fiowers nurfed
fcarce fufficient to hide their nakednefs. in the Englith gtfeenhouies grow wild
Both men and women are fond of brace- here in the felds; the hedges are moftly
lets and necklaces, and they anoint their’ formed of the myrtle, rofe, jafinine,
bodies with ftinking greafe or oil. ‘Fhere and honeyfuckle; while the lark{pur,
are a great many petty kings, whofe fleur-de-lis, lupin, &c. {pring up fpon-
riches confift in cattle and flaves, and taneoufly in the meadows. There are
they are always at war with each other. very few reptiles to be feen in the ifland ;
It is hard to fay what their religion is, the lizard is the mot common, Canary
for they have neither churches nor priefts. birds and goldfinches are found in the
They have no rules relating to marriage; mountains; of the former, numbers are
MAD MAD
fent every year to England. This ifland which an European feels the great diftinc.
is-well watered and populous, Funchal tion between Afia and his own country,
is the capital. The ruftling of fine linen, and the general
Mapa, or Maaata, a town, river, hum ef unufual converfation, prefents
valley, and bailiwic of Swifferland, in to his mind for a moment the idea of an
Upper Vallais. The valley is long and aflembly of females. When he afcends
narrow, between high meuntains, watered upon the deck, he is ftruck with the long
throughout its whole length by the river; muflin drefles, and black faces adorned
and it is the fourth tranfalpine bailiwic. with very large gold ear-rings and white
The town is 10 miles Nw of Locarno. turbans. ‘The firft falutation he receives
Manpras, or Fort St. GeorGe, the from thefe fiangers is by bending their
nincipal fettlement of the Englith E bodies very low, touching the deck with
Fadia Company, on the gE fide of the the back of the hand, and the torehead
peninfula of Hindooftan, on the coaft of three times. The natives firft feen in
Coromandel. It is a fortrefs of great India by the European voyager are Hin-
ftrength, including within it a regular doos, the original inhabitants of thepenin-
well-built city. It is clofe on the margin fula. In this part of India they are deli-
of the bay of Bengal, from which it has cately framed; their hands, in particular,
a rich and beautiful appearance; the are more like thofe of tender females ;
houles being covered with a ttuceo called and do not appear to be what is confidered
chunam, which is nearly as compact as a proper proportion to the reft of the
the fineft marble, and bears as high a perfon, which is ufually above the middle
polith. ‘They confitt of long colonnades, fize. Correfpondent to this delicacy of
with open porticos, and flat roots; anc appe.sance, are their manners; mild, tran-
the city contains many handiome and fpa- —_—t1, and_ feduloufly attentive; in this laft
cious itreets. But the inner apartments pe&t they are indeed remarkable, as
of the houfes are not highly decorated, chey never interrupt any perfon who is
pretenting to the eye only white walls; tpeaking, but wait patiently till he has
which, however, trom the marble-like concluded ; and then anfwer with the moft
appearance of the ttucco, give a frefh- perteé&t refpeét and compofure. From
nels grateful in fo hot a country. the thip a ftranger is conveyed on fhore in
Ceilings are very uncommon in the a boat of the country, called a Maffoolah
rooms; it being impoffible to find any boat; a work of curious conftrnétion, and
which will refitt the ravages of the white well calculated to elude the violent fhocks
ant. Thefe animals are chiefly formida- of the furf, that breaks here with great
ble from the immenfity of their numbers, violence: they are formed without heel,
which are fuch as to deftroy, in one Aae-Acreaied, with the fides railed high,
night's time, a ceiling of any dimenfions, are fewed together with the fibres of the
and it is the wood work which ferves cocoa-nut tree, and caulked with the fame
for the baiis of the ceilings, fuch as the material; they are remarkably light, and
Jaths, beains, &c. that thefe infects attack. are managed with great dexterity by the
‘¢’The approach to Madras, from the natives; they are ufually attended by two
fea (ays Mr. Hodges) offers to the eye kattamarans (rafts) paddled by one man
an appearance fimilar to what we may each, the intention of which is, that,
conceive of 2 Grecian city in the age of fhould the boat be overfet by the violence
Alexander. The clear, blue, cloudlefs of the furf, the perfons in it may be pre-
fky, the polifhed white rasan the ferved. The boat is driven, as the failors
bright fandy beach, and the dark green fay, high and dry; and the paffengers
fea, prefent a combination totally new to are landed on a fine, fandy beach; and
the eye of an Engliflman, juft arrived immediately enter the fert of Madras.
from London, who, accuftomed to the The appearance of the natives is exceed-
fight of rolling mafles of clouds floating in ingly varied; fome are wholly naked, and
a damp atmo{phere, cannot but contem- thers fo clothed, that nothing but the
late the difference with delight: and the face and neck is to be difcovered ; befide
eye being thus gratified, the mind foon this, the European is ftruck with many
affumes a gay and tranquil habit, analo- other objects, {uch as women carried on
gous to the pleafing objects with which it men’s fhoulders, on palankeens, and men
is furrounded. Some time before the fhip riding on hoviebucte clothed in linen
arrives at her anchoring ground, fhe is drefles like women; which, with the very
hailed by the boats of the country filled different face of the country from all he
with people of bufinefs, who come in had ever feen, or conceived of, excite the
crowds on board. This is the moment in ftrongelt emotions of furprife!’ There
bad
3
is a fecon
jeparated
a proper
near four
a manner
enemy's
town int
drynefs a
dras was
thagena.
by pilgri
Europe}
of the Vi
racles in
Caftile.
able place
Toledo; |
¢he court
a confide
The hou
the {treet
and ado1
handfoin
100 tow!
which cc
ment of
lain, fv
as nov
palace ii
tremity
{tories |
ordinar
in 1734
The fin
Mayor,
rounde
high, c
being |
and tt
which
had fe
Cala-d
fare, :
iftine.
untry,
ener]
refents
h Of an
afcends
e long
orned
White
PCeivey
their
With
ehead
en in
Hin.
enin.
deli.
ular,
ales ;
dered
f the
iddle
y of
tran.
Ss lat
» as
lo is
has
moft
rom
re in
olah
and
cks
reat
eel,
igh,
the
ame
and
the
‘wo
nan
at,
nce
re-
MAD
MAE
is a fecond city, called the Black Town, drid, with very fine gardens, pleafane
feparated from Madras by the breadth of
a proper efplanade only; and, -Ithough
near four eitbe in circuit, fortified in fuch
a manner as to prevent a furprife from the
enemy's horfe; an evil, to which every
town in the Carnatic is fubject, trom the
dryne(s and evennefs of the country. Ma-
dras was fettled by the Englith about the
year 1640. It was taken by the French
in 1746, but reftored in 1748. The
refent fort, which was ere&ted fince the
deftruétion of Fort St. David, in 1758,
is, perhaps, one of the beft fortrefies in
the pofleffion of the Britifh nation,
Madras, in common with all the Euro-
ean fettlements on this coaft, has no port
Sor thipping ; the coaft forming nearly a
ftraight line; and it is incommoded alio
with a high and dangerous furf. It is
100 miles N by g of Pondicherry, 758
sé of Bombay, and 1030 sw of Calcutta.
Lon. 80 25 E, lat. 13 5 N.
Mapre-pDE-Popa, a town and con-
vent of S America, in Terra Firma, feated
on the Rio Grande, 20 miles £ of Car-
thagena. It is almoft as much retorted to
by pilgrims of America, as Loretto is in
Europe; and they pretend that the image
of the Virgin has done a great many mi-
racles in favour of the feafaring pecple.
Lon. 76 o w, lat. 10 40 N.
Manprin, the capital of Spain, in New
Caftile. It was ot an inconfider-
able place, belonging to the archbifhop of
Toledo; but the purity of the air engaged
the court to remove hither, and it is now
a confiderable city, and very populous.
The houfes are all built with brick, and
the ftreets are long, broad, and fhraight ;
and adorned, at proper diftances, with
handfome fountains. There are above
100 towers or fteeples, in ditferent places,
which contribute greatly to the embellith-
ment of the city. It is feated in a large
lain, furrounded by high mountains, but
bas no wall, rampart, or ditch. The royal
palace is built on an eminence, at the ex-
tremity of the city; and as it is but two
{tories high} it does not make any extra-
ordinary appearance. A fire happened
in 1734, which almoft reduced it to athes,
The fineft {quare in Madrid is the Placa
Mayor, or Market Place, which is fur-
rounded with 300 houfes, five ttorics
high, all of an equal height; every ttory
being adorned with a handfome balcony,
and the fronts jupported by columns,
which form very fine arcades. Here they
had formerly their famous bull-fights.
€afa-del-Campo is a royal houfe of plea-
fure, a little above half a mile fram Ma-
walks, and a great many uncommon ani-
mals. Buen Retiro is another royal
palace near the city, and is a proper
place to retire to in the heat of {ummer,
there being a great number of fifh-poads,
rottoes, tents, groves, and hermitages.
adrid is feated on the river Manzanares,
which, though finall, is adorned with
two oe bridges. It is 265 miles
NE of Lifbon, 590 8 by w of London,
and 625 ssw of Paris. Lon. 3 20 wy,
lat. 40 25 N.
MaAnprip, New, a city, now building,
or to be built, in a new Spanith fettlement,
in Louifiana, on the Mifliffippi, onpolite
the mouth of the Ohio. The fettlers are
to enjoy a free toleration in religion.
MAapDRIGAL, a town of Spain, in Old
Cattile, feated in a plain, fertile in excel-
lent wine, 10 miles NE of Medina-dele
Campo. Lon. 4 19 Ww, lat. 41 25.
MADRIGAL, a town of Terra Firma,
in the province of Popayan. Lon. 75 45
W, lat. 0 50 N.
MapDROGAM, a town of Africa, capi-
tal of Monomotapa, with a fpacious royal
palace. The urper part of the houfes is
in the thape of a bell. Lon. 31 40 &£,
lat. 1805,
MApDuRA, a town of the Carnatic,
capital of a province of the tame namie,
on the coaft of Coromandel, 130 miles
N by E of Cape Comorin, and 300 saw
of Madras. Lon. 78 12, lat. 9 55N,
MAELER, a lake of Sweden, between
the provinces of Weftmania and Suder-
mania. Jt containg feveral fine iflands,
is ulually frozen during a few weeks in
winter, and opens an ealy communication,
by fledyes, between the interior parts of
Sweden and the city of Stockholin.
MAELSTROM, a very extraordinary
and dangerous whirlpool, which lies on
the coaft of Norway, in 68° N lat. in the
province of Nordland and diftrist of Lo-
toden, near the ifland of Mofkoe, whence
it is allo named MOSKOESTROM. ‘The
mountain of Helfeggen, in Lotoden, ties
a league from the iliand of Mofkoe, and
between thefe two, runs this large snd
dreadful ftream, the depth of which is
from 36 to 40 fathoms. When it is
flood, the ftream runs up the country be-
tween Lofoden and Moikoe with a boitter-
ous rapidity; but the roar of its impe-
tuous.ebb to the fea is fcarce equalled by
the loudeft and moft dreadful cataraQs ;
and the vortices or pits are of fuch an
extent and depth, that if a thip comes
within its attraction, it is inevitably ab-
forbed and carried down to the boitom,
MAE
and there beat to pieces againft the rocks :
and when the water relaxes, the fragments
thereof are thrown up again. But thete
intervals of tranquillity are only at the turn
ef the ebb and flood; and calm weather;
and laft but'a quarter of an hour, its vio-
Jence gradually: returning. When the
ftream is wis0t boifterous, and its fury
heightened by a ftorm, it is dangerous to
come within a Norway mile of it; boats,
and fhips having been carried away, by
not guarding againft it before they were
within its reach. It likewife happens
frequently, that whales come too near
the ftream, and are overpowered by its
violence: and then it is impoflible to de-
{cribe the noile they make in their fruit-
lefs itruggles to difenguge themfelves.
Large ftocks of fic and pine trees, after
being abtorbed by the current, rile again,
broken and tomn to fuch a degree as if
briftles grew on them. This plainly
fhows the bottom to conift of craggy
rocks, ameng which they are whirled to
and fro.
MAESE, or MEUsSE, ariver, which rifes
in France, near the village of Meufe, in the
department of Upper Marne. It waters
Verdun, Stenay, Sedan, Doncherry, Mezi-
eres, and Charleville; and entering the
Netherlands at Givet, it Hows to Charle-
mont, Dinant, Namur, Huy, Liege, Mae-
ftricht, Ruremonde, Venlo, Grave, Bat-
tenburg, Raveftein, and Voorn, where it
is joined by. the Wahal. At Dort it ¢*-
vides into four principal branches, the
moft northern of which is called the
Merve. ‘Thefe form the iflands of Yffel-
monde, Vcorn, and Overflackee, and
enter the German Ocean, below the Briel,
Helvoetfluys, and Goree.
MAESLANDSLUYS, a town of the
United Provinces, in Holland, five miles
sw of Delft. Lon. 4 18 £, lat. 51 57%.
MAFSTRICHT, an ancient and ftrong
town of the Netherlands, about four
miles in circumference. It is governed
jeintly by the Dutch and the bifhop of
Liege; but has a Dutch garriion. The
inhabitants are noted for making excellent
five-arms. Both papifts and proteftants
are allowed the free exercifé of their reli-
gion, and the magiftrates are compoted of
both. It is feated on the Maele, oppo-
fite Wyck, with which it communicates
bya bridge. This city revolted trom
Spain in 1570. It was retaken by the
prince of Parma in 1579. «In 1632,
Frederic Henry prince of Orange reduced
it, atter a memorable fiege, and it was
confirmed to the Dutch in 1648. Lewis
XIV took it in 16733; William prince of
MAG
Orange invefted it in vain, in 1476;
but, in 1678, it was reftored to the
Dutch. In 1748, it was befieged by the
French, who were permitted to take pof.
feifion of it on condition of its being re.
ftored at the peace then negotiating. In
1794, it was again taken by the French,
Maettricht is 15 miles nN of Liege, and 55
E of Bruflels. Lon. 5 41 £, lat. 50
52 N. ,
MagsYCk, a town in the bifhopric of
Liege, on the river Maefe, eight miles
sw of Ruremonde.
MaGaDOX0, the capital of a kingdom
of the fame name, in Africa, on the coait
of Ajan; feated near the mouth of g
river of the fame name. It is defended
by a citadel, and has a good harbour.
‘The inhabitants are Mahonetans. Lon,
440 £, lat. 2 30 N.
MAGDALEN's CAVE, a cave of Ger-
many, in Carinthia, ten miles £ of Goritz.
It is divided into feveral apartinents,
with a vaft number of pillars formed by
nature, which give it a beautiful appear.
ance, they being as white as now, and
alfhoit tranfparent. The bottom is of
the fame fubtiance.
MacDEBuRG, a duchy of Germany,
in the circle of Lower Saxony, bounded
on the N by the old marche of Branden-
burg, on the g by the middle marche,
on the s by Anhalt and Halberftadt, and
on the w by Bruniwick. Thre parts
which are not marfhy and overgrown with
wood, are very fertile. It is 60 miles in
length and 30 in breadth, and belongs to
the king of Pruffia,
MAGDEBURG, alarge and ancient city
of Germany, capital of a duchy of the
fame name. It has a handfome palace,
a fine arfenal, and a magnificent cathedral,
which contains the fuperb mauloleum of.
Otho the Great. Here are manutactures
of cotton and linen goods, ftockings,
gloves, and: tobacco; but the principal
are thofe of woollen and filk. It is hap-
pily fituate for trade, having an ealy
communication with Hamburg by the
Elbe; andis the ftrongeft place Teloiiplig
to his Pruffian majefty, where his prin-
cipal magazines and foundries are eitab-
lifhed. It was taken by ftorm, in 163:;
by the imperial general Tilly, who burnt
the town, and mailacred the inhabitants,
of whom only 800 efcaped out of 40,0005
and many young women plunged into thé
Elbe, to efcape violation. It is 40 miles
w of Brandenburg, and 125 sz of Ham-
burg. Lon. 11 45 £, lat. 52 11 N.
MAGDELENA, ariver.of N America,
in Louifianas It aaS its fource in the
giounte
New
Ocean,
Mac
TiCay d
a Portv
which t
feveral
danger
to the
The S
of this
reckon
Maa
Ma
of Ital
and pa
fons.
breadth
MaG
of Ital
diftri&t
near t
Spoletta
35 E> |
MaG
the Fer
mouth
gulf 0
Yon. ¥2
Mac
Mac
depart
vince of
of Pari
Mac
in the J
gra, w
below |
ranean.
Mac
Tulear
breadtl
Mac
departr
of Lar
name,
Medit
part ©
wito
Thefe
wap
2 1476;
to the
| by the
ike po!
cing re.
ne. In
French,
> and 55
lat. 50
opric of
it miles
ingdom
he coatt
h of a
efended
arbour,
Lon.
of Ger.
Goritz.
tinents,
med by
appear.
IW, and
1 is of
rmany,
ounded
‘anden.-
narche,
t, and
parts
n with
iles in
ngs to
nt city
of the
alace,
hedral,
um of.
tures
ings,
cipal
} hap-
ealy
the
iging
prin-
ttab-
65!5
burnt
antsy
10003
othe
miles
tame
ica,
the
MAH MAI
giountains which feparate Louifiana frem printpal channel, near Falfe Point, isa
New Mexico, and falle into the Pacific fortified land, named Cajung or Code
Ocean, to the sw of the bay of St. Lewis. jung.
MAGELLAN, afamous ftrait of SAmes = MAHRaTTAS, two large and power-
ricay difcovered, in 1530, by Magellan, ful ftares of India, which derive theic
a Portuguefe in the fervice of Spain, fince name from Marhat, an ancient province
which time it has been failed through by of the Deccan. They are called the
feveral navigators; but the paflage ing Poonah, cr Weftern Mahrattas; and the
dangerous and troublefome, they now fail Berar, or Eaftern. Colleétively, they
to the Pacific Ocean round Cape Horn. occupy all the $ part of Hindooftan Pros
The Spaniards call the country to the NX per, with a large proportion of the Dec-
of this ftrait ‘Tierra Magellanica, and can. Malwa, Oritfa, Candeith, and Vifia-
reckon it a part of Chili. pour; the principal pasts of Berar, Gu-
Maccia. See MADIA. - zerat, and Agimere; and a {mall part of
Macaiore, or Locarno, a lake Dowlatabad, Agra, and Allahabad, are
of Italy, partly in the duchy of Miisn, comprifed within their empire, which ex-
and partly in the country of the Gri- tends from fea to fea, acrofs the widelt
fons. It is 35 miles in length and fix in part of the peniniula ; and trom the con-
breadth. fines of Agra northward to the river
MaGuiano,a finall but populous town Kittna fouthward; forming a traét of
of Italy, in the territory of the pope, and 1000 miles long and 700 Fond. The
ditri& of Sabina, feated on a mountain, weltern ftate, the capital of which is
near the river Tiber, 30 miles sw of Poonah, is divided among a number of
poletto, and 30 N of Rome. Lon. 12 chiets, or princes, whole obedience to
35 B, lat. 4225. ; the paifhwah, ».. head, like that of the
MAGNAVACCA, a town of Italy, in German princes to the emperor, is merel
the Ferrarefe, with a fort, feated at the nominal at any time; and, in fome cafes,
mouth of the lake of Comachio, in the an oppofition of interefts begets wars, not
If of Venice, 18 miles N of Ravenna. only between the members of the empii
Ron. 12 4.£, lat. 44 52 N. themfelves, but allo between the members
Macnesia. ‘See MANACHIA. and the head. Nagpour is the capital of
Macny, a town of: France, in the the Faftern Mahrattas. Both thefe ftates»
department of Seine and Oife and late pro- ‘with the nizam of the Deccan, were in
vince of the Ifle of France, 32 miles Nw alliance with the Englith E India Come
ef Paris. Lon. t 54 £, lat. 4g 10 N. pany, in the late war againft Tippoo Sul-
Maara, 2 river of Italy, which rifes tan, regent of Myfore, from, whole ter-
in the Appenninez, in the valle; of Ma- fitories, on the termination of the war,
gra, oaths Pont-Remoli and Sarzana, they gained fome confiderable acquifitions.
below which it falls into the Mediter- Their aimies are principally composed of
ranean, light horfe.
Maara, a valley in the duchy.of | MAIDENHEAD, a corporate town in
Tuleany, 27 miles in length andrg in Berkthite, with a market on Wednefday.
breadth. It has a good trade in malt, meal, and
MacuEtong, a lake of Frarice, Inthe timber; and is governed by a mayor. It
department of Herault and late province is feated on the Thames, over which is a
of Languedoc, near a town of the fame bridge, 12 miles £ by N of Reading, and
name, whichis feated on the coaft of the 265 w by N or London. Lon. o 40 Ws
Meditérranean, into which the lake en- lat. 51 32 N. .
ters by a canal, the beginning of the MAIDSTONE, a borough, and the
famous canal of Languedoc. county-town of Kent, with a market on
Manapia. See ELMaptA. Thurfday. It is feated on the Medway,
MAHALEU, atown of Egypt, capital by which it enjoys a brik trade in ex-
ef Garbia, It carries on a confiderable porting’ the commodities of the county»
trade in linen, cottons, and fal-ammoniac; ‘particularly its hops, of which there sre
and the inhabitaats hav ovens to hatch numerous plantations around it. Here
chicken, Lom 30 41 By lati 31 30N. are likewife paper mills, anda. manufac-
MAHANUDDY, or MAHANADY, ariver ‘ture of linen thread. It has @ bridge
of Hihdoottan, whieh rifles in ‘the ‘Nw ‘over the Mecway, is governed by @
part of Berar, ‘and falls by feveral mouths mayor, and fends two members fo parlide
mto the: bay! of “Bengal, at Cattack. ment. It is'a6 iniles w of Canterbury,
Thefe mouths form an ailemBlage of low ‘and 35’ ese of London,’ Lon. o 38 8,
woody: ifands); and at the riouth ofthe Jat. 5: 16 N. ‘* a
a
A
M: ih A
MAILLEZAIS, 2 town of - France, -in
¢he! department ‘of Veridée’ and late pro-
ernte of Poitou, fexzted‘th ah ifland formed
by the Secure and Autize, 22. miles NE of
Rochelle, and 245°8w ‘of Paris. Lon.
© 40 W; lat. 4627 N. °°. note
- Matn, -& ata in the ftate of Matffa-
ehafets, zoo’milés long and -104 broad;
lying between 63 'and 72° w. lon. and
43 and 46°'N lat. It is bounded on the
nw by the high Janids, which feparate
thetivers Yhat tall into the St. Lawrence
from’ thofe that fall into the Atlantic; on
thee by the river’ St. Croix, and a. line
drawnidue'y frorh its fource to the faid
Wigh lands, which’ divides this territory
front Nova Scotia; on the se by the At-
Tantié’; and on the w by New Hamphhire.
kets divided into three ‘counties. The
heat! in funfmer is intenfe, and the cold in
winter extreme: all the lakes and rivers
areufually patfable on ice, from Chriftmas
till-the middle of March. Portland is
the’ capital.
®*MAIna, a country of Turkey in Eu-
ope; ‘in the Morea, between two chains
éf mountains which adyance into the fea,
Fhe ‘inhabitants could never be fubdued
by the Turks, on’ “account of their. va-
tee andtheir mountains. . Their greatett
traffic confifts in flaves, which they. take
iridifferenthy ‘from the Turks and, the
€hriftians.* They have a harbour and a
téwnt’ of ‘the fame name, and their, Jan-
guageis bad Greek. cc tauucad
“! MAINE, a river of Germany, which
rifes"th'the cir¢le’ of Franconia, runs by
Bamberg,’ *Wurtzburg, Afcnaffenburg,
Hamau, and Fiancfort, and falls into the
Rhirg, at Mentz.: ome :
Marne, or MAYENNE, a department
of France, which: includes. the late pro-
virice of the fame. name. . It takes its
mamé from the river Maine, which, foon
after its junction with the Sarte, falls into
the Loire. Layal is thé capital.
-“NPAINE ABD LoxRe, a department of
Ftahee, whi-h includes the late province
of Anjou. - It has its name from two
tivers. ° Angers is the capital.
_ MatNtanp, the principal of the Shet-
fan Tiles; “60 miles lon », from N.to $,
Pit its breadth feldom ees fix,,, The
face of the country exhibits a profpect of
‘Black’ craggy. ypountains, and,, marfhy
‘plains, “interfperfed with .fome verdant
DOTS, which, appear, fmooth and fertile.
Na ‘MSs. or Shrub is to be feen, ex
Sept th
by exand: the heath. ‘The
ountains abound with yarious kinds of
‘gine. softy clits, iimpen ine feed
9
caghesy, fi
cean, afe the haunts
é
ACONS>
MAY
and -ravens.. The deep ‘caverns: under.
neath thelter feals and otters ; and,to. the
winding bays refort fwans, geefe, fcarfs,
and other. aquatic birds, ,The feas
abound, with cod, turbot, and haddock:;
and,, at certain featons, with thoals of
herrings of incredible extent. They are
vifited, at the fame time, by whales, and
other. vgracious fithes. Lobfters, oyfters,
muleles, &¢. aie alfo plentiful: The
hills are covered with fheep of a fmall
breed, the wool of which is commonly
very foft and fine. ‘Their horfes are of
a diminutive fize, hut remarkably ttrong
and handfome, and are well known by
the name of Shelties, from the name of
the country. The rivulets and lakes
abound with falmon, trout, &c. A mine
of copper, and one of iron, near the s
extremity of the ifland, are faid to be
extremely produstive. There is an inex.
haultible ftore of peat, but.no-eoal. Ler.
wick is the, capital. .
MAINLAND, or POMONA, the princi-
pal of the Orkney Iflands, 24. miles long
and nine broad. The general,appearance
of the country is not very different from
the Mainland of Shetland.’ The foil,
however, is more fertile, and ia, fome
parts better cultivated. Kirkwall is the
capital. See ORCADES. , ;
MAINTENON,.a town of France, ia
the department of Eure and Loire and late
province. of ,Beauce, with a caftle,, a late
collegiate church, anda kate priory. kk
is feated between two -mountains, on the
river Eure, five miles N by B of Chartres,
Lon..1 36 £, lat. 48°31 Ne
MAINUNGEN, a town of Franconia,
capital of a fimall diftriét belonging to the
houle; of Saxe-Gotha. It. is eight miles
Nn of Henneberg. Lon. 10 39 E,; lat. 50
46 N.
_ Majorca, an ifland fubje& to the king
of Spain, and fituate in the Mediterranean
Sea, between Ivica and Minorca. It is
6o miles in length and 45 in breadth;
is @ mountainous coyatry, but produces
ood corn, olive-trees ud delicate wine,
t has no rivers, thou, there are a. great
many fine fountains and wells. ‘The in-
habitants are robuft, lively, and very good
failors.
Majorca, a ftrong city, eapital of an
ifland of the fame name, with a bithop’s
fee. The public fquares, the cathedral,
and the royal palace, are magnificent.’ It
contains 6000 houfes,, bprilt after the an-
tique manner; a univerfity, more ancient
than celebrated; andi2a.chur¢hes,, befide
the cathedsa, The-hanbouriis extremely
Bard, lt waetaken by the Englith in
com
leratl
contai
bound
the oc
Malac
It is
breadi
for tr
but th
and r
in th
fhells
‘Phere
bulloc
are pr
natrve
and ¢
inland
eopl
Pee
$° under.
nd,to. the
@, fcarts,
The = feas
addock:;
fhoals of
They are
ales, and
» oylters,
ls The
ra {mall
ommonly
*s are of
ly itrong
nown by
name of
id lakes
A mine
ar the gs
id to be
an inex.
il. Ler.
e princi-
iiles long
pearance
ent from
Che foil,
im, fome
alk is the
‘ance, in
2 and late
le,, a late
ory. kt
5,.0n the
hartresy
anconia,
g to the
rht miles
» lat. so
the king
erranean
a. Itis
breadth;
produces
Ate wine,
e A. great
The in-
ery good
al of an
bithop’s
athedral,
ent.’ It
‘the an-
e ancient
», befide
y remely
psli. in
MAL
1706, and retaken in 1715. It is feated
on the sw fide of the ifland. Lon. 2 15
E, lat. 39 30 N.
Maire, Lg, a ftrait of S America,
between Staten Ifland and Tierra del
Fuego, in lat. 55% s. Ships fometimes
fail through this ftrait in their paflage to
Cape Horn, :
MaIxanT, St. an ancient town of
France, in the department of the Two
Sevres and late province of. Poitou. It
had lately a Benedictine abbey, and is one
of the new bifhoprics created fince the re-.
volution of 1789. It carries ona trade in
corn, ftockings, and woollen ttuffs ; and is
feated on the Sevre, 26. miles sw of
Poitiers. Lon.o 7 w, lat. 46 24 N.
MaKRAN. See MACKERAN.
MAvaBar,, the w coaft of the penin-
fula of Hindooftan, lying between 9 and
14° NW lat.. It is divided among feveral
petty princes and ftates; but as thefe
are mentioned in their proper places,
they need not to be enumerated here ; efpe-
cially as' the cuftoms and manners of
the inhabitants are very different, as well
as the productions. However, it may be
ebferved, in general, that the inhabitants
are all blacks, or, at leaft, of a dark olive
complexion, with long black hair, and to-
lerable features. In tome places, they are
diftinguifhed into tribes, all of which are
brought up to the fame employments as
their parents. Thefe are the Gentoos,
of whom {fee an account under the article
HINDOOSTAN.
Mavacca, a peninfula in Afia,
containing a kingdom of the fame name;
bounded on the n by Siam, on the E by
the ocean, and on the sw by the ftraits of
Malacca, which feparate it from Sumatra.
It is 600 miles in length and 200 in
breadth. .It produces few commodities
for trade, except tin and elephants teeth ;
but there are a great many excellent fruits
and roots. ‘The pineapples are the bei
in the world; and the .cocoa-nuts have
fhells that will hold an Englifh quart.
‘Phere is. but little corn, and fheep and
bullocks are fcarce ; but hogs and poultry
are pretty plentiful. The religion of the
natives ig a mixture of Mahometanifm ;
and they are addicted to juggling. The
inland inhabitants are afavage, barbarous
people, who take. delight. in doing mif-
chief to their neighbours. .:
MALACCA,. a {eaport, and the'capital
of a kingdom of the fame name, in the
peninfula.of Malacca. The Dutch have
ataftory here, which they took trom the
Portuguefe in 26405. ..and iti was, taken
frofa them by the Englifh, in Auguit
MAL
1795. Malacca is feated on the ftraits of
its own naine, 480 miles sg. of Acheen.
Lon, 1o1 50 8, lat. 2 30 N.
MaLaGa, an ancient and ftrong town
of Spain, in Granada, with two caftles,
a bifhop’s fee, and a good harbour. Its
commerce is principally in fruits and
wine. It is feated on the Mediterranean,
at the foot of a craggy mountain, 15
miles s of Cordova aut 235 of Madrid,
Lon. 4 10 w, lat. 36 35.N.
MALAMOCCO, a fimall ifland and town
in the Lagunes of Venice, five miles s of
that city.
MALATHIA, an ancient ‘town of
Turkey in Afia, capital of Leffer Arme-
nia, feated on the Arzu, with an arche
bithop’s fee. Lon. 43 25 £, lat. 39 8 Ne
MALCHIN, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Mecklenburg, feated on
the river Peene, where it falls into the
lake Camrow, 10 miles of Wahren.
Lon. 13 12 £, lat. 53 ON.
MALDEN, a borough in Effex, with a
market on Saturday. It has two parith
churches; a third church, which it had -
formerly, having been long converted inte
a freefchool. It is faid to have been the feat.
of fome of the old Britith kings; and was
the firft Roman colony in Britain. It
was burnt by the Britifh queen Boadicea,
but rebuilt by the Romans. It is feated
on an eminence, near the confluence: of
the Chelmer with the Blackwater. Vef-
fels of a moderate burden come up to the
bridge over the Chelmer, but large fhips-
are obliged to unload at a diftance be-
low, in Blackwater Bay. Malden fends
two members to parliament, and carries
on a confiderable trade, chiefly in corny
coal, iron, wine, brandy, and rum. It
is 10 miles & of Chelmsford, and 37 NE
of London. Lon. o 418, lat. 51 46 N.
MALDEN, a village in Surry, two
miles sz of Kingfton. Here are fome
gunpowder mills, on the ftream that flows
from Ewel to Kingfton.
Ma.pives, a clulter of fmall iflands
sw of Ceylon in the E Indies. The
northernmoft, called Head of the Ifles, or
Kelly, is in lon. 73 48, lat. 7 5 .N; and
Maldiva, in which the king refides, ig
in lon. 75 35 F, lat.4 15 N. They are
above 30 in number ; all low, fandy, and
barren, having only a few cocoa-nuts,
The inhabitants are partly Mahometans
anc partly pagans; and their chief trade
is in couries, a finall fhellfifh, whofe thells
ferve initead ‘of money.
MALESTROIT, a town of France, in
the department of Morbihan and late pro-
vince of Bretagne, ae on the Outt, 37
a2
MAL
fniles & of Port l'Orient. Lon. 2 23 w,
lat.47 45N.
MALICOLLO, one of the largeft of the
New Hebrides, in the Pacific Ocean, ly-
ing in 16158 lat. and 16745 gE lon. It
extends 20 leagues trom N to's. Its inland
mountains are very high, and clad with
forefts. Its vegetable productions are
luxuriant, and in great variety; cocoa-
nuts, ‘bread-fruit, bananas, {ugar-canes,
yams, eddoes, tirmeric, and oranges.
Hogs and common poultry are their do-
mettic animals. The inhabitants appear
to be of a race totally diftiné& from thole
of the Friendly and Society Iflands.
Their form, language, and manners, are
widely different. ‘They feem to corre-
{pend in many particulars with the natives
of New Guinea, particularly in their
black colour and woolly hair. They go
almoft quite naked, are of a flender make,
have lively, but very irregular ugly fea-
tures, and tie a rope fait round their
belly. They ufe bows and arrows as
their principal weapons, and the arrows
are {aid to be fometimes poifoned. Their
keeping their bodies entirely tree from
punctures is one particular, that remark-
ably diftinguifhes them from the other
tribes of the Pacific Ocean.
Ma tio, Cape, or ST. ANGELO, a
cape of the Morea, at the s entrance of
the gulf of Napoli, 15 miles £ of Mal-
Vafia..
MaLuinc, WEST, a town in Kent,
with a market on Saturday, fix miles w
of Maiditone, and 30 £ by s of London.
Lon. © 33, lat. §1 20 N.
MALLOw, a town of Ireland, in the
county of Cork, feated on the Blackwater,
17 miles N or Cork. Lon. $ 32 w, lat.
52 10N.
MaLMEDY, a town of the Netherlands,
in the bifhopric of Leige, with an abbey.
Jt was taken by the French in 1794. It
is feated on the Recht, nine miles $ of
Limburg, and 40 N of Luxemburg.
Lon. 6 2 £, lat. 50 18N.
MALMISTRA, an ancient town of Na-
tolia, with an archbithop’s fee, feated at
the mouth of a river ot the fame name,
which divides it into the Old and New
‘Town. It is 30 miles se ot Lcratto.
Lon. 36 15 8, lat. 36 50.N.
NiALMOE, a feaport of Sweden, in the
province of Séhonen, feated onthe Sound,
witha large harbour and a ftrong citadel.
Jt is 15 miles sz of Copenhagen. Lon.
13.7 Ey lat. 53 38N.
MALMSBURY, all ancient borough in
Wiltthire, with a market on Saturday.
Ku is teated on a hill, almeft furrounded
j : 6
MAL
by the Avon, over which it has fix
bridges. In the church, which was fore.
merly an ean church, is the fepulchrat
monument of king Arthur, who was bu.
ried underthe high altar. Malmfbury has 2
confiderable trade in the woollen manufac-
ture, and fends two members to parlia-
ment. It is 26 miles E by N of Briftol,
and 95 w of London. Lon.2 0 Wy lat.
51 34.N.
MALQ, ST. a feaport of France, in the
department of Morbihan, and lately an
epifcopal {ee of the province of Bretagne.
It has a large harbour, difficult of accefs,
on account of the rocks that furround it ;
and is a trading place, of great import-
ance, defended by a {trong caftle. It was
bombarded ,by the Englith in 1693, but.
without fuccefs. In 1758, they landed
in Cancalle Bay, went to the harbour by
land, and burnt above 100 fhips. St.
Malo is feated on an ifland, united to the
mainland by a cauteway, 17 miles Nw of
Dol, and 205 w of Paris. Lon.1 57 w,
lat. 48 39 N. ;
MALorzta, a {mall ifland of Italy, on
the coaft of Tuicany, 10 miles w of
Leghorn. Lon.10 4 £, lat.43 34.N.
MALPARTIDO, a town of Spain, in
Eftramadura, 14 miles s of Placentia.
Lon. 5 30 Ww, lat. 39 36 N.
MALPAs, a town in Chefhire, with a
market on Monday. It is feated on 2
high eminence, near the river Dee, 15
miles sz of Chefter, and 166. Xw of Lon-
don. Lon.2 45 w, lat. 53 2N.
MALPLAQUET, 2 village of Auftrian
Hainault, feven miles s by £ of Mons.
Tt is famous for a victory gained over the
French, by the duke of Marlborough, in
1709, and {sometimes called the Battle of
Blaregnies, from an adjaceut village.
MALTA, an ifland of the Mediterra,
nean, between Africa and Sicily, 20 miles
long and 12 broad. It was formerly
reckoned a part of Africa, but now be«
longs to Europe. It was anciently little
elfe than a barren rock ; but fuch quan-
tities of foil have been brought from Si-
cily that it is now become a fertile ifland.
Here are cultivated large quantities of le-
mon trees, cotton trees, and vines, “ie
produce excellent wine. The heat is fo
exceflive, that the water breeds at
numbers of gnats, which are the plague
of the country. The number of the in-
habitants is {aid to be 90,000. The
common people fpeak Arabic, but the
better fort Italian, The emperor Charles v
gave this ifland to the grand mafter of the
order of St. John of Jerufalem. »It is ex-
tremely well fortified ; the ditches, of 2
aait {
ande
in 15
foa
30,0
merl
they
torlak
prefs
with
‘The
chatti
of ta
Malt:
theic
M;
CHDA
city
ona
was f
It is
cathe
this ¢
faid
and a
towns
hence
cette
nothi
abbe:
aroc
faly
recor
and
them
M
cefte:
Hills
Hen
were
the x
as fix
as fore.
ulchrak
ras bu.«
y hasa
nufac-
parlia-
sriftol,
vy lat.
tle of
terrae
mileg
merly
w be-«
little
nuan-
1 Si.
and.
lof le.
ts
MAL
await fize, are all cut out of the folid rock,
and extend many miles. It was attacked
in 1566 by the Turks, who were obliged
to abandon the enterprife, with the lois of
30,000 men. The Lilgbih of Malta for-
merly confitted of eight nations ; but now
they are but feven, the Englith having
jorfaken them, ‘They are obliged to tup-
prefs all pirates, and are at perpetual war
with the Turks and other Makometans,
They are all under a vow of celibacy and
chaftity ; und yet they make no feruple
of taking Grecian women for miitreiles.
Malta is 60 miles sof Sicily. Valetta is
the capital.
Matra, MELITA, or Cirta VEC-
CHbAy aa ancient and ftrongly fortified
city of the ifland of Malta. Ir is ieated
ona hill in the centre of the ifland, and
was formerly twice as large as at pre‘en’.
It is the teldunee of the bifhop, and the
cathedral is a very fine ftyucture. Near
this city are the catacombs, which are
faid to extend 15 miles under ground;
and a {mall church, dedicated to St. Paul,
adjoining to which isa ftatue of the faint,
with a viper in his hand, faid te be placed
on the {pot where he fhook the vipe;
off, without having been hurt ;. and clufe
to it is the grotto in which he was iin-
prifoned. .
MALTon, a borough in the w riding
of Yorkthire, with amarket on Saturday.
It is feated on the Derwent, over which
is a,ftone bridge, and is compofed of two
towns, the New and the Old, containing
three churches.” It fends. two members
to parliament, and is 29 miles NE of
York, and 216 N by w.of London. Lon,
@ 40.W, lat. 54 9N.
Mauvasia, a finall ifland of Turkey
in Europe, on the gE coatt of the Mo-
rea, remarkable for its excellent wines.
The rich wine, called Malintey, is brought
hence. The capital is Napoli-di-Mal-
vafia.
MALVERN, GREAT, a village in Wor-
celterfhire, eight miles w by s of Wor-
cefter. It had once an abbey, of which
nothing remains but the gateway of the
abbey, and the nave of the church, now
arochial. Between this place and Little
falvern are two noted hala beate {prings,
recommended as. excellent in fcrotulcus
and cutaneous complaints ; and one of
them is called the Holy Well.
’ MALVERN, LITTLE, a village in Wor-
cefterfhire, feated in a cavity of Malvern
Hills, three miles from Great Malvern.
Henry vir, his queen, and his two fons,
were fo delighted with this place, that
they adorned the church with a preat
A 4
MAN
number of painted glafs windows, part
of which remain, th ugh in a mutilated
ftate.
MALVERN CHASE, an extenfive chafe
in Worcetterfhire, containing 7356 acres
in that county, 619 in Herefordshire, and
103.in Gloucefterfhire.
MALVERN H!Luxs, lofty mountains in
the sw of Worcelterhhire, rifing one above
another for about feven miles, and divid-
ing this. part of the county from Here-
fordthire. ‘They run from N to $3 the
highelt point is 1313 feet above the fur-
tacesot the Severn, and they appear to be
of limeftone and quartz.’ On the fums
mit of one of thefe hills, on the Hereford-
fhire fide, is the camp of Owen Glen-
dowr ; a chief, who, at the hea of a rem-
nant of unconquered Welfhmen, in the
commencement of the 15th century, car-
ried fire and {word into the richett coun-
ties of England,
MALwa, a province of Hindooltan
Proper, bounded on the w by Guzeraty
on the N by Agimere, on the f by Als
lahabad and Orilla, and on the s by Can-
deif. It is one of the meft extenfive,
elevated, and highly diverfified tracts in
Hindooftan, and is divided among’ the
chiets of the Poonah Mahrattas. Ou-
gein and Indore are the principal
towns. :
MaMars, an ancient town of France,
in the department of Sarte and late pro-
vince of Maine, feated on the Dive, 14
mailes w of: Bellefine.
Man, an ifland in the Ivith Sea, 30
miles in length and eight in breadth.
Tt contains 17 parifhes; and the chief
towns are Ruthen,: Douglas, and Peel.
The air is healthy, and the foil produves
more corn than is fufficient to maintain
the inhabitants, who are @ mixture of
Englith, Scots, and Irifh. They have a
bishop, called the bifhop of Sodor and
Man; but he ‘has no feat in the Britith
parliament. The commodities of this
ifland are wool, hides, and tallow. ‘The
duke of Athol was formerly lord of this
ifland, the fovereign'y of which he fold,
in 1765, to the crown, referving, how-
ever, the manoral rights, &c. It is 1%
miles s of Scotland, 30 N of Anglefey in
Wales, 35 w of Cumberland, and 40 £
of Ireland.
MANacuta, a town of Natolia Proe
per, anciently called Magnefia, with a
bifhop’s fee, and a cattle. “It was for-
merly the capital of the Ottoman empire,
and is feated at the foot of a mountair,
on the river Sarabat, 22'miles’ n of Sinyr-
na, Lon. 27 25 £, lat, 38 45 Ne
3 ssi
MAN
Mawar, an ifland of the E Indies, on
the £ coaft of the ifland of Ceylon. The
Portuguefe got’ pofleffion of it in 1560;
the Dutch took it from them in 1658;
and the Englifh took it from the Dutch
in 1795. Lon. 80 45 Ey lat.g ON.
MANATAULIN, an ifland of N Ame-
rica, onthe N fide of Lake Huron. It
as 100 niles long and eight broad. Its
name fignifies a Place of Spirits; and it
js held facred by the Indians.
MANCESTER, a village in Warwick-
fhire, near Atherftone and the river An-
ker. It was,a Roman ftation on the
Watling-ftreet, and here feveral coins
have been dng up.
-MaNCHA, a teryitory of Spain, in New
Caftile, between the river Guadiana and
Andalufia, It is a mountainous coun-
try ; and it was here that Cervanies
made his hero, Don Quixote, perform his
chief exploits.
MANCHE, or CHANNEL, a depart-
ment of France, including part of the late
province of Normandy. — It is almoft fur-
younded. by the Englifh Channel, and
Coutances is the capital. « i
MANCHESTER, a large and populous
town of Lancafhire, with'a market on
Saturday. It. is feated between the rivers
Irk and Irwell, and is a place of ‘great
antiquity. It has been long’ noted: for
various branches of the linen, filk, and
cotton: manufactures, and is now princi-
pally con{picuous as, the centre of the
cotton trade. The labours of a very
opulous neighbourhood are colleéted at
Aanchefter, whence they are {ent to Lon-
don, Liverpool, Hull, &c. Thele con-
fift.of a great variety of cotton and mixed
goods, fitted for all forts of markets,
both at home and abroad, f{preading over
a great part of crore Aicicion, and
the coaft cf Guinea. _ The manufactures
oi tapes and other fimall wares, of filk
goods, aud of hats, are alfo carried on
at Manchefter ; from which various
fources of wealth it has attained greater
opulence than almoft any of the trading
towns in England. Its chief ornaments
are the. college, the exchange, the colle-
giate church, another large church, and
3 fpacious market-place. By the Irwell,
over which is an ancient and loft
{ «. bridge, it has a communication wit
the ioe and all the late various ex-
tenfions of inland navigation. It is 67
miles wsw of York, and 182 NNW of
London. Lon. 2 80 w, lat. 53 30 N.
MANCHESTER, .a town ‘of Virginia,
on James River.
MANDERSCHEIT, a town of Germa-
MAN
ny, in the electorate of Treves, capital
of a county of the fame name. It is 24
miles N of Treves. Lon. 6 50 Ey, lat.
50 ION.
Manpria, a fimall defert ifland, in
the Archipelago, between Samos and
Langos. It gives name to the {ea near it.
MANFREDONIA, a town of Naples, in
Capitanata, with a caftle, a good har.
bour, and an archbifhop’s fee. It was
burnt by the Turks in 1620; and is
feated on a gulf of the fame name, 50
miles N of Cirenza, and roo NE of Naples.
Lon. 16 12 £, lat. 41 35 N.
MANGALORE, 2 {feaport of Canara, on
the coaft of Malabar, with an excellent
road for fhips’ to anchor in while’ the
rainy feafon lafts. It is inhabited’ by
Gentoos and Mahometans. The for-
mer, on their feltival days, carry tkeir
idols in triumph, placed in a waggon,
adorned on all fides with flowers ; and on
the wheels are feveral fharp crooked iron
hooks, upon which the mad devotees
throw themfelves, and are crufhed to
pieces. It is a place of great trade, and
the Portugue‘e have a faétory here for
rice, and a large church frequented by
black converts. The adjoining fields bear
two crops of com in a year; and the
higher grounds produce pepper, betel.
nuts, fandal wood, iron, and tteel. It is
feated on a rifing grouné, 100 miles n
by w of Tellicherry. Lon.75 248, lat.
13 8N. I ;
MANGEEA, an ifland in the $ Pacific
Ocean, about’ five leagues in circumfe-
rence. In the interior parts it rifes into
fmall hills, and captain Cook reprefents
it as a fine ifland; ‘but the hoftile ap-
pearance of its inhabitants obliged him
to leave it foon. Lon. 158 16 w, lat.
23 278.
MANGUSHLAK, a town of Turcoma-
nia, on the E coaft of the Cafpian Sea.
Its commerce is confiderable; the neigh. .
bouring Tartars bringing hither the pro-
duétions of their own country, and even
of Bokharia, fuch as cotton, yarn, ftuffs,
furs, kins, and rhubarb. It is 37 miles
sw of Aftracan. Lon. 48 29 E, lat. 44
45 .N.
MANHARTZBERG, the northern part
of Lower Auftria, feparated from the
fouthern by the river Danube, and bound-
ed on the w by Upper Auftria, on the N
by Bohemia and Moravia, and on the £
by Hungary.
MANNHEIM, a beautiful city of Ger-
many, in the palatinate of the Rhine.
The: ftreets are all ftraight, interfecting
each other at right angles; and it hag
ten Te
it lant
city; |
to the
fhips
for a
This
the r
ftand
any ¢
deed,
of m
On :
perat
the:
tlem
Jat,
N
wit?
rive
nin;
» capital
It is 24
°) Ey lat.
land, in
108 and
. near it,
aples, in
od har.
It was
and js
ime, 50
Naples.
nara, on
xceéllent
vile’ the
ited by
he for.
ry their
vas gon,
and on
ed ‘iron
levotees
fhed to
de, and
ere for
ted by
ds bear
nd the
Betel.
Tt is
niles n
-E, lat.
Pacific
cumfe.
es into
aie
ile ap.
1d him
rT, lat.
rcoma-
n Sea,
neigh. .
{a pro-
d even
ftuffs,
miles
at. 44
1 part
n the
ound.
the N
the £
Ger-
thine;
ecting
it hag
MAN
three noble gates, adorned with baffo-re-
lievos, very beautifully executed. The
inhabitants are Coimputed at 24,000, in-
cluding the garrifon, which confilts of
sooo, The fortifications are good ; and
the town is almoft furrounded by the
Neckar’ and the Rhine. ‘The palace of
the elector palatine is a magnificent ftruc-
ture; and the cabinet of natural curiofi- |
ties, and the colle&tion of pictures, are
much vaunted) ‘Manheim furrendered to
the French “in September 1795, but was
retaken by the Auftrians''in November
following. ‘It is fix miles NE of Spire,
and 10 w of Heidelberg.’ Lon. 8 31 £,
dat. 49 26 N. oa
Manica, an inland kingdom’ of Af.
rica, bounded’ on the x’ by Monomatapa,
on the £ by' Sofala:and Sabia, and on the
sand w'by unknown regiofis. It is faid
to aboiind with mines of gold, and to
have d great number of elephants ; but it
is little knowh to the Europeans.
“*MANIEL, a mountain of St. Domin-
;‘'20 miles in’ cireymferenct, dnd’ fo
Figh and craggy, that’ it’ is ‘almoft ‘inag-
(LS Aaa en, a
“Manitva,’ or Duconr, ‘the chief of
the’ Philippine Iflands, ‘See’ Lueowiay
' MANILLA, a large and populous city,
capital‘ of ‘Luconia and thé other Philip-
pine’*Hiands:° Moft' of the publfe “ttrie-
tures are built of wood, on account’ of
thé frequent earthquakes, by one of which,
in 1617, ‘a- mountain was levelled ; : in
1625, a third’ part of the city was.over-
thrown’ by atidthet, when 3000 perfons
perifhed in the ruts; and, the next year,
there was another: lefs’ violent. . This
city is featet near the lake Bahia, on‘the
E fide of a bay, which is a circular bafin,
teh leagues in diameter, and great part of
it landlocked: The part peculiar to ‘the
city, ‘is ‘calléd Cavite: it’ lies five miles
to the $, and is the ufual ftation of the
fhips employed in’ the ‘Acapulco trade ;
for an account of which fee Luconra.
This city abounds with convents; but
the morals ‘of the people are, notwith-
ftanding; “more licentious ‘than in’ alinoft
any other part of India. There is, in-
deed, an thquifition here ;, but corruption
of morals is not expofed to its cenfure, ~
On account of the ‘pure and, mild ’‘tem-
perature of the’ air, this city is’ deemed
the moft healthy ‘of all the European’ fet-
tlemetits in the £
lat.'14°36 Ne! piglets ya eae
MANNINGTREE, ‘a ‘town in Effex,
with a market onTiefday, fated on the
river Stour which’ is here called Map-
ningtree-water, It'is 11 Smiles w of Hat-
lat. 51 .41.N.
aft. Lon, ‘120 53° £s
M‘A-N
wich, and 60 exe of London, . Lon..s
12 E, lat. $2 GN. iy
_. MANoSQUE,' a populous ‘town of
Francé, in the départment. of the Lower
Alps and late province of Provence, with
a‘caftle. Itis feated onthe Durance, .19
miles s of Forcalquier, anid, 350,98 by.£
of Paris. Lon. 5 55, lat-43 SNe on
Manresa, ‘dn anche tong Sa
in Catalonia, fated at,'the. confluence af
the Cardonero“and”Lobbregat, 15 dniles |
sz of Cardona, and 20 NW of Barcelona.
Lon. 1'56 £, lat. 41 36N.° 8. ony
.MANs, an ancient town of France, ca
pital of the department, of, Maine... Ie
was formerly va'y pdpuldus 3 buy the ig
habitants now featedly qmoyni, to.14,999-
It has excellent pou tty, and its. WA
Atts are fatiodk” Tt feajed ng eh
‘Hill, ‘on the Sarte, near its ‘confyenge
with the Huifhe, 26 miles '§ of Alencon,
and 75 w'by N of Orleans, Lon.qiqz,
ear Ge ee tt is Yo. oo
~"MANs ROAR, Altes of Thibet, from
‘whet the ToutHernm oft head. of the Gay-
‘Bes is! tlippaied to, itffe,.. ris 115 miles
i citi up Cipesan yhes in about, 79° &
A OME ace yt gtr The RPRET To
MSE,
‘Gapitd] of "a ¢
miles sw of
is
a fi f Upper Saxony,
at of the fame names. 3.5
dgdeburg. Lon.12 5.8,
Mansrietb, a town in Nottingham.
fhire, wah Pie ier on "hare
has a great trade’in, corn and: malt; and
participates in the, ftocking manyfacture.
It is feated’ on the edge of the foreft of
Shirwood,. 12° miles N, of Nottingham,
and 140 \ by w.of London. Lon, 1.9 Wy
Tale 58 EG g oe moc teniti vel satan} aris
_MANSILLA, 9 town’of Spain, in Leon,
15 miles sw of the city of Leon, Lon.
4 55.W, lat. 42 30 N, date
MANTaca. See MATACca.. .
MANTCHEW TaRTarsy, a branch of
the Mogul Tartars, whofe an-eftors con-
‘quered China in, the 13th: century, but
were, expelled by the Chinefe in 1368.
They inhabit the three departments of,
‘Chinefe Tartary, called Leoa-tong, Ki-
rin,,and Tcitcicar, They retain the cuf-
toms they brought from China,
a
29
France, in, the department, of. Seine and
“Ol ‘and I S pppinee eft of
France. ing Philip. Avg A am died
here in, 1223; aml here: is . prin of
king The ye 5 Ghurch of a Jate chap-
ter which he founded. The. wines from
‘the vineyaitt of the late Celefting,, out.of
the town, are famous. Mantes 4 feated
in the Seine, and over it is a bridges
Aas@
MA NT ERs a confiderable , town of |
ne
x
MAR
the great arch of which, although ellip-
tic, is 120 feet wide. It ig 31 miles NW
of Paris. Lon.1 51£, lat.4g93N. |
__ MANTUA, or Manruan, a duehy of
Italy, lying along the river Po, which
‘divides it into two parts. It is bounded
on the n bythe Veronefe, on the s by the
duchies of Reggio, Modena, and Miran-
dola; on the g by the Ferrarefe; and on
_the w by the Cremonefe. “It is 50 miles
Jong and 27 broad, and fruitful in corn,
‘pattores, flax, fruits, and excellent wine.
Charles rv, duke of Mantua, a prince of
the empire, having taken part with the
‘French, in‘ the difpute relatiag to the
fucceffion of Spain, was put under the
“ban of the' empire, and died in 17038.
Maving no heirs, the emperor kept the
‘Mantuan, and the duke of Savoy had
“Montferrat, which were confirined to them
i fubfequent treaties. After the death
‘of the emperor in 1740, his eldeft daugh-
ter, the queen of Hungary, kept poilef-
fion of the Mantuan; and the governor
‘of the Milanefe had the adminiftration of
affairs. ‘THe Mantuan comprehends the
‘duchies of Mantua and Sabioneta; the
principalities of ‘Caftiglione, Solforina,
and Bofolo; likewife the county of No-
vellara. The principal rivers of this
‘country are the Po, the Oglio, and the
*‘Minchio.
Mantua, the capital of a duchy of
“the fume name, ‘in Italy, with an arch-
cag he fee, and a wniverfity, feated on
‘an ifland in the middle of a lake. The
ftreets are broad and ftraight, and it has
‘eight gates, 21 parifhes, 40 convents and
‘nunneries, a quarter for the Jews to live
in, and above 16,000 inhabitants. It is
very ftrong by fituation as well as by art,
‘ahd there 1s no coming at it but by two .
caufeways, which crofs ‘the Jake; for
which reafon, it is one of the moft’ con-
fiderable. fortreffes in Europe. It was
“greatly ‘noted for its filks, and filk manu-
ftures, which are now much decayed.
"Phe air in the fummer is very unwhole- *
‘fome; and the lake is formed by the in-
‘undations of the Mincio. Virgil -was
“born at 4 village near this city. Mantua
‘ was almhoft continually in a ftate of fiege,
by the French, the latter half of the year
3.796.. It is 75 miles Ng of Parma, a2
sw of Verona, and 220 N by w of Rome.
Lon. 10 go By lat. 45 10 N.
Mazacayso, a lake, or arm of the
fea, in‘ Terra Firma, lying in about 7°
‘'w ion. and ‘10° w fat. - “Tt “opens into
the ‘farribbean Sea, is defended by
firong*forts, and has feveral Spanith towns
“Seated ‘on the cog.
MAR
wSARACAYBO;"a confilerable town af
S. America,. capital of the . province of
Venezuela. It casries on. a great trade
in ficins and chocolate, which is the bett
in America; and it has» very fine to-
bacco. It was taken by the French buc-
caneers. in 1666 and 1678. , It is, feated
near a lake of the fame name. . Lon. 70
45, lat. 10 ON.
MARAGNAN, .a province of &, Ame,
rica, in Brafil, which comprehends a fey-
‘tile populous ifland, 312 miles: in circum.
‘ference. The French fertled here in
‘1612, and built a town; but they were
foon expelled by the Portuguefe. It has
a cattle, a harbour, and a bithop’s fee,
Lon. 54 55 W, lat. 8 20.5.
MARANO,. a town of Italy, in Vene-
tian Friuli, with a ftrong citadel. It is
feated in a marfh, which renders it difi-
cult of accefs; and at the bottem,of the
put of Venice, 27 miles 5 by £ of Udina.
on. 13 § E, lat. 45 52 N«
MARASCH, a populous town of Nato.
lia, encompafled by, the .mountaing af
Taurus and Anti-taurus, and the river
Euphrates. “Lon. 38 25 &, lat. 38 1.5 N.
MARATHON, .a. Village of, Livadia,
“fotmerly a city, ro miles, from) Athens.
It.is famous tor the victory obtained by
Miltiades, with 10,090. Athenians, eves
500,090 Perfians, who loft above 190,000
men. “i
Marawina, ariver of Guiana, which
‘feparaies Surinam fromthe, Brench colo.
‘ny of Cayenne. It is noted for a curious
‘pebble, known by the name of: the. Ma-
rawina diamond; which, when; polithed,
is often {et in rings, &c....It, falls, inta
‘the’ Atlantic in lon. 53 48. w, Jat. 5
58 _N.
MARBACR, a town of Suabia, in the
‘duchy of Wirtemburg, feated on. the
Neckar. It was burnt by the French ia
1693. It is 12 miles s of Hailbron,and
13 Nof Stutgard, Lon.ig 258, lat. 48
59_N. .
MARBELLA, a town of Spain, in An-
dalufia, feated at the mouth of the Rio
Verde, 28 miles sw of Malaga. Lon. 5
55 W, lat. 36 29 N. :
Marca, a {mall ifland in the gulf of
Venice, five miles from Ragyia, on which
“it depends. It had formerly a bishop's
fee; but the town is now in ruins.
_ MARCELLIN, ST. a town of France,
in the department of Hfere and Jate pro-
vince of Dauphiny, feated on the liere,
at the foot of a hill, in a country that
roduces excellent wine. It is five miles
From St. Antoine, and 253 s hy £ of
Paris, Lon. 5 32 B, late.45 34 Ne
on the
Jength
fertile
town of
OViNce of
at. trady
s the bet
fine to.
nch bue-
is, feated
Lon, 70
&, Ame.
ds a fey.
Gircum-
here ip
ey were
rt It hag
op’s fee,
in Vene-
It is
8 it didi.
of the
{ Udina,
f Nafo.
tains of
€ river
15.N,
Livadia,
Athens.
pained by
Ns, ovey
190,009
a, which
ich culo.
| Curious
‘he. Ma.
olifhed
lls, inta
) Jat. §
, in the
on. the
ench ip
ron, and
lat, 48
in An.
the Rio
Lon. 5
gulf of
which
ifhop’s
France,
te pro-
> Here,
ry that
€ miles
PB of
Ne
MAR MAR
MARCELLINO, a finall river of Sicily, fimall iflands, and -abounds with falmon,
jn the Val-di-Noto, which falls into the char, and trout.
fea, two. miles from Augutta. MARENNES, ‘a town of France, in the
MARCHE, @ late province of France, department of Lower Charente and late
bounded on the nN by Berry, on the £ by province of Saintonge, remarkable for the
Auvergne, on the w by Angoumois, and green-finned ph get found near the coatt,
on the 8 by Limofin. It is 55 miles in and its fale, It is feated near the Atlan.
Jength and 25 in breadth, and is pretty tic, 32 miles Nw of Saintes, and 270
fertile in corn and wine. It now forms sw of Paris. Lon.o 49 w, lat.46 15N,
the department of Creufe. MARETIMO, an ifland of Italy, on the
Markcue, a town of France, ia the W coaft of Sicily. It is r0 miles in cir-
departinent of the Voiges and late prog cumterence, has a caftle, with a few farm-
vince of Lorrain, 20 miles s of Neuf- houfes, and produces much honey. Lon,
chateau, and 40 s by woof Toul. Lon. 12 35 &, lat. 38 '5'N.
5 50 By lat. 48 6N. MARGARETTA; an ifland of § Ame:
Marcug, or MARCHE-EN-FAMINE, fica, near Terra Firma, difcovered by
a town of Luxemburg, feated on the Columbus: in 1498. ~‘It is 40 miles in
Marfette, 45 miles NNW of Luxemburgh. length and 15 in breadth. © The conti-
MARCHENA, an ancient town of Spain, nual verdure renders it pleafant; but it
in Andalufia, with a fuburb as large as is not confiderable fince the Spaniards re- .
the town; feated in the middle of a Shain, tired thence to Terra Firma. © The pre-
articularly fertile in olives, though dry {ent inhabitants are ‘mulattos, and the
for want of water. It*is 18 miles w of original natives. It was taken in 1626
Seville. Lon. 5 44 w, lat. 37.34.N. | dy the Dutch, who demolithed the cattle.
MARCHIENNES, a town of the Auf- Lon. 63 12 8, lat. ro 46 N.
trian Netherlands, in the-county of Na- || MARcate, a feaport in Kent, in the
mur; feated on both fides of thé Sambre, ifle of Thanet. It has much increafed
four miles w of Charleroy, and 22 sw of of late years, by the great refort ‘to it
Namur. Lon. 4 22:8, lat. 50 20 N. for fea-bathing.: Great quantities of
‘MARCHIENNES, ‘a village of France, corn are exported hence, and veffels are
in the department of the North and late a ape paffing -to and from the coatt
province of Frenclt'Flanders, with a late of Flanders. There are alfo regular paf-
abbey, feated in a morafs, onthe river fage boats, to and‘ from London} fome of
Scarpe, between Douay and St. Amand. which are elegantly fitted up. It is 14
Mamestpuno) a town of Germany, in miles N of Deal, and 72 £ by 8 of Lon-
the duchy of Stiria, with a ftrong caftle, don. Lon. 1 28 8, lat. 51 24°N.
Seated: on the Drave,.18 miles w of Pet- © MaRcENTHEIiM, a town of Germany,
taw, and 25 ssw of Gratz. ¢Lon. 15 in the circle of Franconia, fubject to the
39 8; dat.\46 44'N. grand mafter of the Teutonic order. It
' MARCIGLIANO,- a town ‘of Naples, 15 feated on the I cuber, 16 miles sw
in Terra di Lavora, feven miles’2 of Na- Of Wurtzburg. Lon. 8 50 °£, lat. 49
ples, betvveen Nola and’ Acerra.: Lon. 30 _N. ’
‘34°30 E, lat. 40 51 Ni his OE Marian Is_anps. See LADRONES.
Marck, a territory of Germany, in ~~ Marra; Sr. an ifland of the Indian
the circle of Weitphalia, bounded on the Ocean, five miles B of Madagafcar. It
N by the bifhopric of Munfter, on the B 18 27 miles‘in length and five in breadth ;
by the duchy ob Weftphalia, and en the well-wateréd, and furrounded by rocks.
s and w by that of Berg. It is pretty The air is extremely moift, for it rains
fertile, an belongs to the king of Pruf- almoft every day. It is inhabited by
fia. Ham. is the capital. “| about 600 negroes, but feldom vifited by
Marco, ST. a town of Naples, in x paffing that way. 4
Calabria Citeriore,-with a bithop's fee, ARIA, ST. the moft fouthern of the
feated on the Senito, 22 miles N of Co- Azores, or Weftern Iflands.’ It produces
fenza. Lon. 16 20 £, lat.-35 41 N. lenty of ‘wheat, and:has about 5000 in-
Marpixkg, 2 village of France, in the habitants. ' >» >
department of the North;-and lateFrench | Marta, St. ‘a confiderable town of
‘Flanders, feated on a celebrated canal, to Spain, in Andalufia, with a fmall caftle.
which it gives name, four miles w by 8 It was taken by the Englith and Dutch
of Dunkirk. J: tat » “in 1702;' and id feated: on the Guade-
Maree, Locu, a frefh-water lake in leta, at the mouth of which is'a tower,
Rofsthire, 18 miles long, and, in fome anda battery, 18 miles Nof Cadiz, Lon.
parts, four broad. It contains many 6 6 w, lat. 36 39 N,
|
!
|
1
Th
MAR M/AIR
Maria, St, .a..confiderable town of by the duchyiof! Uibinoy under the pro.
Terra Firma Proper, in the audience of tggtion af thei pope, with three. cattles,
Panama, built by the Spaniardsafter they It is icated om a mountain, rormiles sw
had difcovered the’ gold mines that.are of Kimini, and'14. Nw of Urbino. Len,
near it, jand foon after taken by. the 12 34 Eyrlat. 43 54 N-
Englith. It is feated at the bottom of | Marino, St. a town of Italy, in
the gubi of St. Michael, at the mouth of Campagna di Romay with a ‘caltle, 10
2 river of the fame name, Lon. 78 12,w, miles EB of Rome... Lon.-12 46 B, lat,
Jat. 7 43.N. . 4 54 Ne
Marte-aux-Mines,atownof France, © Mark, ST. a feaport on the w fide of
in the department of the Voiges and late St, Domingo, ‘Ihe -houtes,are all built
province of Lorrain, divided in two by of freefone, which ‘is abundant in the
the river Leber. It is famous for its neighbouring country... It, was taken by
filver mines, and is 25 miles NW of New the Englifty andproyalifts in January 1794,
Brifach. Lon. 7 24 8, lat. 48 16.N. and is 45 miles NNwrof Port-au-Prince,
MARIENBURG, a town of Upper Saxe Lon. 72 40 wy late 9 20 N. :
ony, in Milnja,;remarkable for itsrich Markur Jew. See MBRAZION.
filver mines. Ja is. feated among the | MarLBoroucny.a borough in Wilt,
mountains, on the: confines of Bohemia, with a market on, Saturday. Im 1267,
28 miles ssw of.Drefden.. Lon. 13.35 &, parliament was held in the caftle, which
lat. 50 49 Ne... | ' enaéted feveral important laws,, called the
MaRIENBURG, an, ancient and ftrong Statutes of Marlebridge. Of the wails
town of Weftern,Pruffia, capital of a.pa- and, ditch of this caftle there are ftill
Jatinate of the tame.name, with a cuftle, fome remains; and the fite of a Roman
It is feated ona byanch of the Viftula, caftrum, with Roman coins, . prove ‘it to
3° miles. sw of Elbing, and. 30 sm of have been.a Romaniftation’, Thistown
Dantzicy Lon. 19 15 Es lat. 54 9,N. has often, fuffered’,by fing, particularty:in
MARLENBURG, a town of Fragce, in 1690. ; It, contains two churches, :and
the department. of the North and late about-500 houles, is governed by amayor,
French Hainault, formerly a flwong-place, and fends two members to: parliament.
but difmantled. by the.French, after it It.is featgd on the Kennety 43: miles. £ of
was ceded to them by.the treaty of ithe Brjfto],, and.74.,w of -Loniom. Lon. x
Pyrenees, It is 19,miles. sw of Charlér .26:W,Jate 51 28:Neu fi eo! ok
mont. ‘Lon. 4, 28:Ey, lat. 50, 9 Nei.) i. ‘MARLBOROUGH, Fogny an Englith
MARJENSTADT, a town of Sweden, in factory,, on the, wcoatt, of the ifland of
W Gothland, feated on the lake Wenner, Sumatra, three’ miles: fof Bencoolen,
3,5, miles sgof Carlftadt, and 162 sw of and 39a,Nw of Batawiay( Lonitoz.9£,
Stockhgln,,,; Lon, 14 25 Ey lat. 58 28. date 3 49 Na Ow heres guent
MARIENWERDER, a town of Weftern — MARLow, a borough in Buckingham-
Pruifia, with a-caftle, feated on the Vif- hire, with a manket: on Saturdayi’. It
tula, 20 miles ssw of Marienburg.. Lom. fend¢-two members ta parliainant; and has
35 5k, lat. 53 49N. a manyfacture of; bonelaces.It is {pated
MaRIAGALANTE, one.of the Leeward on the Thames, oyer;which.is.a bridge
Caribbee Iflands, in the W Indies, ,fub- into Berkthire;.17, miles ‘sof Ailefbtry,
ject tothe French. It extends 16 milés and.31 w of Londan., Lon. o 45 Ww,
from N to s, and four frometow. It lat. 54 35 N. raquiltgd
is full of hills, and along the &, thore Maru, a village of France, between
are lofty perpendicular rocks, that fhelter Verfailles-and St. Germain, near a’ foreft
vaft numbers ‘of tropical birds. It has of the fame name. Here! was\a royal pa-
feveral large caverns, with many little lace, noted for its fine gardens andiwater-
ftreams, and ponds of frefh water. It is works, there being a curious machihé on
covered with trees, and particularly the Seine, which net only fupplied! them
abounds with tobacco and the wild cinna- with-water, but alfothofe of Verfafiles.
mon-tree. It is 30 miles N of Dominica, It is-19.miles:nw of Paris. . vt
and 40 E of Guadaloupe. Lon.61.11Wy “-MARMANDE, a town of France, in’ the
lat. 15 52N. department of Lot and Garonne. and late
MARIGNANO, a town of Italy, inthe province of Guienne.... I¢-carries..on a
duchy of Milan,. remarkable for the,de+ great trade in, cornywine, and: brandy.
feat of the Swifs, by the French, in.rg15. It is feated on the Garonne, qo miles SE
It is feated onthe Lambro, 10 miles 6B of Bourdeawx,’,and-320 8 by w of Paris.
of Milan. . Lon. o 15 Ey late. 44 20.N.
Marino, St. a ftrong town. of Italy, . Mapmora, a fea betweemEurope an
apital of a fmall republig, furrounded Afia, which communicatés with the Ar-
agne.
which :
capital.
MarR
on the
departr
provin
tine al
Lon. 7
Ma
many,
with |
hand{
houfe.
§ of
Lon. |
Mz
S Pac
fidera
Capt:
fome
fituat
It is
lies, |
cove!
of th
of th
fruit
fear!
rthe pro.
ee. caftles,
miles sw
Oo Len,
Italy, in
caltle, 16
6 E, lat,
W fide of
all buile
t in the
taken by
AY 3794,
-Prince,
ION.
n Wilts,
1267, 2
2, which
alled ‘the
he wails
are f{til]
oman
hve ‘it to
his town
larty in
es, :and
2 Mayor,
Pe
les. & of
Lon, x
Englith
land of
MAR
chipelago, by the ftrait of Gallipoli on
the sw, and with the Black Sea, by the
frait of Conftantinople on the Ne. It
is 120 miles in length and 50 in breadth,
and was anciently called the Propontis.
MARMORA, the name of four iflands
inthe fea of the fame name. The largeit
js about 30 miles in circumference, and
they all procuce corn, wine, and fruits,
MARMORA, a celebrated caicade of
Italy, in the duchy of Spoletto, three
miles from Terni.
Marne, a department of France, in-
cluding part of the late province of Chain-
pagne. It takes its name froma river
which rifes near Langres, and flowing
Nw joins the Seine, a little ahove Paris.
Rheims is the archiepifcopal fee, but Cha-
Jons is the capital.
MARNE, UPPER, a department of
France, ‘including part of the late pro-
vince of Champagne. Chaumort is the
capital.
MARNHULL, 2 village in Dorfetthire,
on the Stour, five miles sw of Shafti-
bury. The church is an ancient lotty
building ; the tower of whick “fell down
in 1710, in time of divine fervice, but
was handfomely rebuilt. ‘
MARO, a town of Italy, on the coat
of Genoa, in a valley of the fame name,
eight miles nw of Oneglia, and 48 wsw
of Genoa. Lon.7 41 £, lat. 44 55.N.
MaroGna, a.town of Romania, with
a Greek archbifhop’s fee, feated near the
Mediterranean, 70 miles sw of Adria-
nople. Lon. 25 41 E, lat. 40 59 N.
AROTIER, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine and late
province of Alface, with a late Benedic-
tine abbey, 18 miles nw of Strafburg.
Lon. 7 33 £, lat. 48 38 N.
MarPure, a ftrong town of Ger-
many, in the landgravate of Heffe Caffel,
with a univerlity, a caltle, a palace, a
handfome {quare, and a magnificent town-
houfe.- It is feated on the F cho, 15 miles
s of Waldeck, and 47 sw of Cafiel.
Lon. 9 0 £, lat. 50 35 N.
MarQusas, a group of iflands in the
S Pacific Ocean, of which the moft con-
fiderable are, St. Chriftina and St. Pedro.
Captain Cook, in his fecond voyage, lay
fome time at the firft of theley which is
fituate in lon. 139 g W, and lat. g 55s.
It is high and fteep, but has many val-
lies, which widen toward the fea, and are
covered with fine forefts to the fummits
of the interior mountains. The produtts
of thefe and the other jflands are bread-
fruit, bananas, plantains, cocoa-nuts,
arlet, beans, paper-mulberrigs, of the
MAR
bark of which their cloth is made, cafus
arinas, with other tropical plants and
trees, and hogs and fowls. ‘The natives
are well made, ftrong, and aétive; of a
tawny complexion, but look almoft black,
by being punctured over the whole, body,
They go almoit naked, having only a
{mall piece of cloth, perfectly 1elembling
that made by the people of Otaheite,
round their waift and Joins. Their beard
and hair are of a fine jet black, like thole
ot the other natives of the torrid zone,
Their arms aye clubs and fpears, and their
gorethingnts like that of the Society
flands, monarchical. The drink of the
Marquefans is water only, cocoa-nuts
being rather fcarce. Their mufic, mufi-
cal inftruiments, dances, and canoes, very
much refemble thole of Otaheite. In
fhort, the inhabitants of the Marquefas,
Society, and Friendly Ifiands, Eafter
Ifland, and New Zealand, ieem to have
all the faine origin; their language, man-
ners, cultoms, &c. bearing a great afs
finity in many re{peéts.
Mar-Forest, a diftriét in Aberdeen.
fhire, confifting of vaft woodland moun,
tains, which occupy the weitern angle of
the county. Tue river Dee rifes among
thefe mountains.
MarsatL, a town of France, in the
department of Meurthe and late province
of Lorrain. It is remarkable for its
falt-works, and feated on the Selle, in
a marth of dithcult accefs ; which, with
the fortifications, renders it an important
place. It is 17 miles Ne of Nanci. Lon.
6 41 BE, lat. 48 49 N. ,
MarsALa, a populous and ftrong town
of Sicily, in the valley of Mazara, It is
built on the ruins of the ancient Lily.
bzeum, 53 miles sw of Palermo. Lon.
12 29 £, lat. 38 4.N. :
pSeOAQUIVER: or MARSALQUIVER,
a ting | and ancient town of Tremefen,
in the kingdom of Algiers, with one of
the beft harbours in Africa. It was
taken by the Spaniards in 17323 and ig
feated on a rock, uear,a bay of the Me-
diterranean, three miles from.Oran. Lon.
© 10 W, lat. 36 IN.
MARSEILLES, a {trong city of France,
in the departinent, of the Mouths of the
Rhone and late province of Provence. It
was lately anepi(copal fee; and the inha~
bitants are computed to be go,o00., It
was {fo celebrated in the time of the Ro-
mans, that Cicero ftyled it the, Athens of,
the Gauls, and Pliny called, it the, Mif<
trefs of Education. It,is feated on the,
Mediterranean, at the ypper end of a gulf,
covered and defended by many tinall
MAR
aflands; and it is partly on the declivity
of a hill, and partly ina plain. {tis di-
vided into the Old ‘Town, or the City,
find the New Town. ‘The firft appears
Bike an amphitheatre to the veflels which
enter the port; but the houfes are mean,
and the ftreets dirty, narrow, and tteep.
In this part is the principal church, built
by the Goths, on the ruins of the temple
of Diana. The New Town is a pertect
contratt to the City, with which it has a
communication by one of the’ finelt (treets
imaginable ; and its other ftreets, the
fquares, and the public buildings are
beautiful. With refpe& to commerce,
Marfeilles has been called Europe in Mi-
Miature, on account of the variety of
dyeffes and Janguages which are here teen
and heard. The port is a batin of an
oval form, 3480 feet long, by 960 in its
widelt part, with 18 or 20 feet depth of
water; and is defended by a citade! and
afort. In 1649, the plague raged with
great violence, and with {till greater in
3720, when it carried off 50,000 of the
‘inhabitants. The memory of this great
calamity is preferved by two pictures,
itn by Serre, in the hall of the town-
ue. In 1793, Marteilles revolted
again@& the French National Convention,
but was very foon reduced.” It is 13
miles Nw of Toulon, and 362 s by E of
Paris. Lon. 5 27 £, lat. 44 18N.
“” MARSANDERAN, a province of Perfia;
bounded on the n by the Cafpian Sea, on
the w by Ghilan, on the s by Irac Age-
mi, and on the B by “Aftrabad. Ferabad
is the capita].
Mar'sHFIELD, a town in’ Gloucefter-
fhire, with a market on Tuefday, feated
on the Cotcfwold Hills, 311 miles £ of
Briftol, and 102 w of London. Lon. 2
25 Wy, lat. 51 30 N.
Marsico Nuovo, a town of Naples,
in Peincipato Citeriore, with a bithop s
fez. It is feated at the foot of the Ap-
pennines, near the river Agri, 73 miles
se of Naples. Lon. 15 498, lat. 40 28 N.
MAaRsTRAND, a rocky ifland of Swe-
den, in the Categate, lying NW of the
mouth of the Gotha. It is two miles in
circumference ; and, on account of its
ftrength, is called the Gibraltar of Swe-
den. The town, which lies on the £
fide, contains about 1200 inhabitants ;
and the harbour is fecure and commodious,
but of difficult entrance. Since the peace
of 1783, its trade has declined; and the
mhabitants fubfift chiefly by the herring
fithery, by the number of fhips which in
bad weather take refuge in the harbour,
and by.a contraband trades It is 23
MAR
miles NW of Gotheborg. Lon. 11
lat. 57 59 Ne
Marra, a town in Italy, in the
patrimony of St. Peter, and duchy of
Caltro. It is feated on a lake of the
fame name, called alfo Bollena, 35 miley
Not Rome. Lon. 12 40 By lat. 42 26 n,
MARTABAN, 4 province in the sé part
of Pegu, on the bay of Bengal. The
foil is tertile in rice, fruits, and wines
of all kinds. It is fubjeét to the king
of Burmah, who, in 1754, tabdued the
kingdom of Pegu, and rendered it a de-
pendent province.
Mak rasan, the capital of a province
of the fune naine, in Pegu. It was arici;
trading place betore thips were 1unk at the
entrance of the harbour to choke it up,
It is featcd on the bay of Bengal, 8o
milks 8 of the city of Pegu. Lon. 94
56 Fy lat.1§ 30N.
MARTEL, a town of France, in the
department of Lot and lite province of
Querei, feared near the Dordogne, 14
miles £ of Sarlat. Lon. 144 Fy lat. 44 51 N,
MARTHA, Sr. a province of Terra
Firma, bounded on the N by the Carib-
bean Sea, on the & by Venezuela, on the
Ss by New Granada, and on the w by
Carthagena. It is 300 miles im length,
and 200 jn breadth; is a mountainous
country, and the land very high. Here
the tanjous ridge of mountains begin,
called the Andes, which run the whole
length of S America, from N to s. It
abounds with fruits proper to the climate,
and ‘there are mines of gold and precious
fiones, and falt-works.
MarTHa, Str. the gapital of a province
of the fame narne, in ‘Terra Firma, with
a bifhop's fee, and a harbour furrounded
by high mountains. It was once flou-
ee and populous, but has much de.
clined’ fince the Spanith fleets no longer
touch here. The houfes are built of
canes, and covered moftly with palmeto
leaves. It has been frequently pillaged
and ruined by the Englith, the Dutch,
and the buccaneers. It is feated on one
of the mouths ef the Rio Grande, 100
miles w by $ of Rio-de-la-Hacha. Lon.
73.56 Wy lat. 11 24.N.
Marrua’s VINEYARD, an ifland of
N America, near the coaft of Maflachu-
fets, 80 miles s of Bofton. ‘The inha-
bitants apply themfelves chiefly to their
fitheries, in which they have great fucceis.
Lon. 70 22 w, lat.q1 16 N.
MARTHALEN, 2 confiderable town of
Swifferland, in tHat part of the county
of Kyburg, fubjeé&t to Zuric. Tt is feated
near the Rhine, fix miles s-of ScaffFhawten,
3° By
fencia,
nlf of
on, °
MarR’
the ifle
citadel,
117 Ws
Mar
ribbean
to the
jong joi
Durch;
the pre
pelled
13 4 N.
Carl
wules inl
The Fi
1762, “
it was |
dy the ]
high n
well as
but th
Vines 5
wanted
wheat
ginger
plantai
is ext
fate ar
tified.
M.
talon!
> in the
duchy of
ke of the
» 35 miley
42 26,
1 SE part
al. Whe
nd wines
the king
bdued the
d ita de.
province
Vas Aric
NK at the
ke it up,
ngal, o
Lon, 9§
Py in the
OVINCcE of
gene, 12
44 51N,
ot Terra
be Carib-
ay On the
e W by
length,
Ntainous
l. Here
s be in,
le whole
oS. It
climate,
precious
province
lay with
rounded
ce flou-
uch de.
longer
uilt “of
palmeto
pillaged
Dutch,
On one
le, 100
Lon.
land of
flachu-
e inha-
> their
uccels,
wn of
county
feated
avin;
MAR
MARTIGVES, a feaport of France, in
the department of the Mouths of the
Rhone ant fate province of Provence.
{t is feated near a lake, 12 miles long
and five broad, which is twenty times
tets confiderable than it was formerly,
but whence they get very fine fith and
excellent falt. Martigues is 20 miles
nw of Marfeilles. Lon. 5 2 £, lat. 43
19 Ne
MARTIN, Cape, a promontory of Va-
Rncia, in Spain, which feparates the
gulf of Valencia from that of Alicant.
Lon. 0 36 E, lat. 38 54%.
Marrin, Sr. a town of Frarce, in
the ifle of Rhe, with a harbour and ftrong
citadel, 15 miles w of Rochelle. Lon.
117 Wy lat. 46 10 N.
MartTIN, St. one of the Leeward Ca-
ribbean Iflands, in the W Indies, byin
to the NW of St. Bartholomew, an
to the sw of Anguilla. It is 24 miles
in circumference, has neither harbour nor
river, but feverak falt-pits. It was
long jointly poffeffed by the French and
Dutch; but at the commencement of
the prefent war, the former were ex-
palled by the latter. Lom. 63 0 w, lat.
13 4.N.
MARTINICO, one of the Windward
Caribbee I@ands, in the W Indies, 40
ites in length, and roo in circumference.
The French pofleffed it from 1635 till
1762, when it was taken by the Englith ;
it was reltored in 1763, and again taken
by the Engdith im179q4. There are many
high mountains covered with trees, as
well as feveral rivers and fertile vallies,
but they will not bear either wheat or
vines; however, the former is not much
wanted, for the natives prefer caffava to
wheat bread. It produces fugar, cotton,
ginger, indigo, chocolate, aloes, pimento,
plantains, and other tropical fruits; and
is extremely populous. It has feveral
fate and commodious harbours, well for-
tifed. Fort St. Pierre, the principal
place, is in lon. 61 20 wy lat. 14 14 N.
MARTORANO, a town ef Naples, in
Calabria Citeriore, with a bifhop’s fee,
eight miles from the fea, and 1§ s of
Colenza. Lon..16 29 8, lat. 39 6N.
MARTOREL, a town of Spain, in Ca-
talonia, feated at the confluence of the
Noya and Lobragal, 18 miles NW ct
Barcelona... Lon. 1 56 u, lat. 41 36 N.
Marros, @ town of Spaiu, in Anda-
lufia, with a fortrefs feated on a-rock, eight
miles s ef Anduxar.
MARVEJOLs, a commercidd town of
Frarce, in the department of Lozere and
late province-of Gevaudan, feated in a
‘
' & #« ,
MAS
valley, on the river Colange, 10 mileg
Nw of Mende, and 300 8 of Paris. Lon.
2 23 £, hat. 44 36 N.
MARVILLE, a town of France, in the
department of Meufe and lite duchy of
Bar, feated on the Offein, three miles w
of Jametz.
Mary sorovcu,a borough of Ireland,
capital of Queen's County, 17 miles s of
Philipftown, Lon. 7 0 w, lat. 53 2 n.
MARYLAND, one of the United States
of America, 174 miles long and 110
broad; bounded on the nb Pennfyl-
vania, on the £ by the ftate of Delaware,
on the sg and s be the Atlantic Ocean,
and on the s and w by Virginia. It is
divided into 18 counties, 10 of which
are on the weitern, and eight on the
eaftern fhore of the Chefa a. Whear
and tobacco are the ftaple commoditic.
of this ftate, which, in moft refpeéts, re-
fembles Virginia. Anapolis is the capital.
Mary's River, ST. a river of the
United States, ix Georgia. It is navi-
gable for veffels of confiderable burden
tor ninety miles; and its banks afford
immenfe quantities of fire timber fuited
to tlre w India markets. It forms a
rt of the fouthern boundary of the
nited States, and enters Amelia Sound,
im lat. 30 44 N.
Mary's Strait, Sr. a ttrait in W
America, which forms the communi-
cation between Lake Superior and Lake
Huron. It is about go miles long; and
at the upper end is a rapid fall, witich,
when conduéted by careful pilots, may
be defcended without danger.
Marza Sirocco, a gulf on the s |
fide of the ifle of Malta. The Turks
landed here in 1565, when they went to
befiege Valetta; for which reafon the
grand mafter ordered three forts to be
built, two at the entrance of the gulf, and
ene on the point of land that advances
into the middle of it.
MARZILLA, a handlome town of Spain,
in the prevince of Navarre, feated near the
river Arragon, 30 miles 8 of Pimpeluna,
MaAvBare, one of the Philippine
Tilands, almoit in the centre of the belt.
It is 75 miles, in circumference, and the
natives are tributary to the Spaniards.
Lon, 122 25 £y bat. #1 36 -N.
MasSRBROUGH, a flourifhing village, in
Yorkhhire, on the river Don, adjoining
the bridge of Rotherham, Here are
confiderable iret’ works, begun, about
forty years ago, by three brothers, Aaron,
Jonathan, and Samuel Walker. Here
are furnaces-for Melting the iron out of
the ore, forges for making it malleable
MAS
and petiyarting, into fteel, and mills. for
flatting’ iron plates, which are alfo tinned
here. All forts of hammered and caft
iron goods are made here, froin the moft
trifling article to a large cannon, of which
great quantities are exported.
MascaTE, a town on the coaft of
Arabia Felix, with a caftle on a rock.
It is feated at the bottom of a {mall bay,
and is very ftrong both by nature and
art, though the buildings are mean.
It was iortified, in’ 1650, y the
Portuguefe; but afterward taken by the
Arabs, who put all the garrijon to the
{word, except 18, who turncd Maho-
metans. ‘The cathedral, built by the
Portuguefe, is now the king’s palace.
There are neither trees, fhrubs, nor grafs
to be feen on the feacoft near it, and on!
a few date-trees in a valley at the back
of the town, though they have all things
in plenty. The weather is fo hot trom
May te September, that no people are to
Be feen in the ftreets from, ten in the
morning tij! four in the afternoon, The
bazars or market-places are covered with
the leaves of date-trees, laid on beams
which reach from the houfe-tops on one
fide to thofe on the other. The religion
of the inhabitants is Mahometanifm, and
yet, contrary to the cuftom of the Turks,
they fuffer any one to go into their
moiques. The produéts of the country
are horfes, dates, fine brimftone, coffce,
and ruinois, a root that dies red. Lon.
57 26 £, lat. 249 N.
Mas-p’ASIL, a town of France, in
the department of Arriege and late county
of Foix, with a late rich Benedictine
abbey. It is ieated on the rivuset Rile,
eight miles sw of Pamiers.
MasKkELYNE'S IsLEs, a group of
{mall but beautiful iflands, in the S Pa-
cific Ocean, lying off the se point of
Malicollo, one of the New Hebrides.
Massa, an ancient and populuvs town
of Tufcany, capital of a finall princi-
pality of the fame name, whofe fove-
reignty is independent of the grand duke.
It has a ftrong caftle, and is famous for
its quarries of fing marble. it is feated
on a plain, three miles from the fea,
and 55 w by not Florence. Lon. 10 0
E, lat. 440 N.
Massa, a town of Maples, in Terra-
di-Lavora, with a bishop’s fee, feated
near the fea, 20 miles sof Naples. Lon.
2418 8, lat. 40 31 N.
MasSsa, a cown of Italy, in the Sien-
nefé, with a bifhop’s fee, feated on a
mountain near the fea, 25 miles sw of
Sienna. Lor. 10 48 £, lat. 42 40 No
MA T
MASSACHUSETTS, one the United States
‘of America, 150 miles long and 69
oroad ; bounded on the N by New Hamp.
fhire and Vermont, on the w by New
York, on the s by Conneéticut, Rhode
Ifland, and the Atlantic Ocean, and on
the E by that ocean and Maflachuiets
Bay. It is divided into 14 counties;
prosuces plenty of Indian corn, flax,
‘inp, copper, ane iron; and they have
manufaétories of ieather, linen, and wool.
len cloth. Befton is the capital.
MassacuHuseETs Bay, a bay of N
America, which fpreads eaftward of
Bofton, and is comprehended between
Cape Ann on the N, and Cape Cod on
the s. It is fo named, as well as the
whole {tate of Maflachufets, trom a tribe
of Indians of the {ame name, that tor.
merly lived round this bay.
MassarRAy, a ftrong town of Naples,
in Terra d’Otranto, with a bifhop’s fee,
feated at the foot of the Appennines, 16
miles NNW of Tarento. Lon. 17 2028,
Jat. 40 50:N.
MASSERANO, 2 town of Piedmont,
capital of a imall principality of the fame
name, held by its prince as a hef of the
church. It is feated on a mountain, 40
miles NE of Turin. Lon. 8 14 £, lat.
45 38 N.
MasrTICco, or CAPO MasrTICo, a cape
on the s fide of Scio, one of the iflands
of the Archipelago.
Masuah, a town of Abyffinia, fitu.
ate on an ifland on the coaft of the Red
Sea. The houfes, in generai, are built of
poles and bent grafs, as in the towns ir
Arabia; and a few are of ftone, fome
of them two ftories high. Lon. 39 45
E, lat. 15 35 N.
MaSULIPATAM, a populous and com-
mercial feaport of Hindooftan, feated
near the mouth of the Kiitna, on the
coaft of Coromandel, 200 »iles N of
Madras. Lon. 81 12 £, lat. 16 8 N.
MaTaca, or MANTACA, a comme.
dious bay on the N coaft of the ifland of
Cuba, 35 miles E.of Havanna. Lon. 8@
16 W, lat. 23.12 N.
MATAGORDA, 2 fortrefs of Spain, at
the entrance of the harbour of Cadiz.
NMiaTALONA, a town of Naples, in
Terra di Lavora, eight miles. Nw of
Capua, and 19 w by s of Benevento.
Lon. 14.14. £, lat. 41 12 N.
.MATAMAN, acounty of Africa,bounded
on the N by Benguela, on the by parts
unknown, on the s by the country of the
Hottentots, and om the w by the ‘Adantie
Ocean, There is no town in it, and
the inhabitants live in miferable huts, it
fituath
pulous
Lon.
Ma
Jonia,
It is {4
nEof
M
Hung
on a
burgh
Mal
ia the
s of Je
M
Napie:
bithor
miles
lat. 4<
M 5
fituate
Wirk:
place,
fteen {
reguls
to the
two v
Bath,
bathi
moda
Inited States
ng and 69
New Hamp.
w by New
cut, Rhode
any and on
faflachuiets
. counties ;
corn, flax,
| they have
» and wool.
al.
bay of N
uftward of
d between
pe Cod on
vell as the
70M a tribe
y that for.
of Naples,
ithop’s fee,
nines, 16
.17 208,
Piedmont,
f the fame
nef of the
intain, 40
14. E, lat,
CO, & cape
he iflands
inia, fitu.
f the Red
re built of
towns in
ne, fome
Nn. 39 35
and com.
’ feated
on the
les N of
6 8 N.
commo.
ifland of
Lon, 8@
adiz.
hples, in
NW of
nevento.
bounded
by parts
; of the
Atlantic
it, and
huts, it
M A’T
being avdefert country,, little svifited by
the Europeans. 2 phen
MAaTAN; or \MAcTAN, dne of the
Philippine Ilands. . :Here Mageilan ‘was
killed in 1521/5: and’ the inhabitants Have
fince thrown: off the yoke of Spain.
MatTaPAN, Cape, the malt ‘outhern
promontory of the Morea, between the
gulf of Coron and that of Colochina. Lon.
22 40 Ey lat. 3625 Ne
MaTaram, a large.town, formerly
the capital of an empire of that name,
-1 the ifland of Java. It is ftrong by
fituation, and feated'in a tertile and po-
pulous country, furrounded by mountains.
Lon. r1 55 E, lat. 7 15-5.
MATARO, a town of Spain, in Cata-
lonia, remarkable: fer its glafs-works. .
Jt is feated onthe Mediterranean, rg miles
ne of Barcelona. Lon. 229 E,lat.41 36 N.
Matcow!17Tz, a ftrong town of Upper
Hungary, in the county of Scepus, feated
on 4 mountain, 185 miles NE of Pref-
burgh. ’
MaTELICA, an.ancient town of Italy,
in the marquifate of Ancona, 15 mies.
s of Jef.
MaTERA,. 2. confidgrable town of
Napics, in Terra d’Otranto, with a
bithop’s fee, feated on the Canapro; 35
miles NW. of Tarento. Lon. 16 54 EF,
lat. 40 59 N..
MaT_Lock,a.village in Derbythire,
fituate on the Derwent, four miles: w of
Wirk{worth. It is an extentive ftraggling
place, built in a romantic ftyle, on the
fteev fide of a mountain, the. houles rifing
regularly one above another. A little
to the §. is. Matlock Bath, famous: for
two warm baths, called the Old and New
Bath, which are much frequented in the
bathing feafon. Tere are good accom-
modations for, the company who refort to
the baths; and the poorer inhabitants are
fupported by the fale..of petrifactions,
cryttals, &c.. The cliffs of the rocks
produce a great number of trees, whole
toliage adds greatly to the beauty:of ihe
place.
Matmal. See JESO.
MATTHEO, ST. a town of Spain, in
Arragon, 10. miles from the-Mediterra-
nean, and 55 N of Valencia. Lon. o
36 w, lat. 40.12) N. ,
MatrHew, St. an iflandiofi Africa,
420 miles: s:by w of Cape! Palmas on
the coaft of:Guinea.. It was ‘planted: by
the Portuguele, but..is now deferted.
Lon. 6 za: W,wlat. 1 24:5.
MatTrHew, St. a. fihall jfland in the
Undian Odeand Lom: 1x23 15 1 E;dat. 5 23-9.
MatyMay, a feaport in the ifland of
MAW
Jefo; capital of « ‘province of the fame
name, tributary to Japan. Lon. 138 55
B; lat.42 0. is
MAUBEUGE, a fortified town of
France, in the department of’ the North
and: late’ province of French Hainault,
with a late abbey of noble canoneffes.
In September 1493, the Auftrians formed
the blockade of this: place; but were
driven from their pofitioa, in the follow-
ing month. It is feated on the Sambre,
12 miles s of Mons, and 40 sw of
Bruffels. Lon. 4 5 £, lat. 50 15 N.
Mauppan, a city of Hindooftan
Praper, in Bengal, fituate on a river
that communicates with the Ganges.
Et arofe out of the ruins of -Gour, which
are in its neighbourhood; and is @
place of trade, particularly in filk. ‘It is
190 miles nw of Calcrtta. Lon. 88 23
E, lat. 25 10 N. ;
MAULEON, ‘a town of France, in the
department of the Lower Pyrenees and
Jate province of Bearn. ‘It is fituaté on
tht frontiers of Spain, 20 miles sw of
Pau, and 40 sg’ot Dax. Lon. 0 31 wy
lat. 43:10 N. ee
MAULEON, a town of France; in the
department of Vendde and: late province
of Poitou, with a late famous Auguftine
abbey. It is'feated near the river Oint,
52 miles NE of Rochelle, and 52 nw
of Poitiers. Lon. o 36 w, lat. 46 54 1.
Mavwa, St. an ifland of the Medi-
terranean, near the coaft of Albania, 25
miles Ng ot the ifland of Cephalonia.
Lon. 20 46 £, lat. 39 2 W.
Maurg, St. a town of France, in
the department of Indre and Lo'-e and
late province of Touraine, 17 miles 5
of Tous; and 148 sw of Paris. Lon.
© 42 By lat. 47 9 N.
Mauriac, a trading town of France,
in the department of the Cantal and late
province of Auvergne, iamous for ex-
cellent horfes. It is feated near the
Dordogne, 27 miles se of Tulles. Lon,
216 £, lat. 45 15 /N.
Maurice, Str. a cown of Swifler-
land, in the Vallais, fituate on the Rhone,
between two high mountains, 1% miles
Nw of Martigny. It guards the entrance
into the Lower Vallais.
MAaUvRIENNE, @ village of Savoy, so
miles in length, extending to Mount
Cenis, which feparates it' from Piedmont.
St. John’ is the capital town. —
Mauritius. See ISLE OF FRANCE,
Mavurwa, one of the’ Society Iflands,
in-the & Paeifte’ Ocean, rq rhiles’w of
Bolabola. Lon. 152 32 w, lat. 16258.
Maws, St, a borough in Cornwall,
9
MAZ
Which fends two members to parliament,
but has no church, chapels nor market.
Henry vist built a caftle here, oppofite
Pendennis caftle, on the E fide of Fal-
meuth haven, for the better fecurity of
that important port. It is three miles £
of Falmouth, and 250 w by s cf London,
Lon. 4 56 W, lat. 50 8 Ne
MaxIMIN, ST. a town of France. in
the department of Var and late province
ef Provence. Betvure the revolution,
here was @ convent for Dominicans,
who pretended to preferve in it the body
of Mary Magdaien, which brought them
great riches by the refort of {uperttitious
vifitors. Itis feated on the Argens, 20
miles N.of Toulon. Lon. 5 57 £, lat.
43 30 N. 7
May, a {mall ifland of Scotland, at the
mouth of the frith of Forth, feven miles
sE of Crail. The furrounding rocks
render it almoit inacceffible. It has a
lighthoufe, of great benefit to veffels en-
tering the frith.
May, CaPE, a cape of N America,
on the N fide of the mouth of the Dela-
ware. Lon. 75 4 W, lat. 39 0 Ne
MayYENCE. See MENTZ.
MAYENNE. See MAINE.
Mayo, 2 county of Ireland, in the
province of Connaught, 62 miles long
and 52 broad; bcunded on the E by
Rofcommon, on the s by Galway, on the
w and N by the Atlantic, and on the NE
by Sligo. It is a fertile country, and
abounds in cattle, deer, hawks, and
honey. It contains 75 parifhes, and
fends four members to parliament. ‘The
principal town, af the fame name, is much
decayed. Lon. 9 39 wy lat. 53 40 Ne
Mayo, or the IsLE OF May, one of
the Cape de Verd Iflands, in the At-
lantic Ocean, 300 miles from Cape de
Verd in Africa. It is 17 miles in cir-
cumference. The foil in general is very
barren, and water fcarces; but there are
plenty of beeves, goats, and affes; as alfo
fome corn, yams, potatoes, . plantains,
figs, and watcrmelons. The chief com-
aodity is falt, with which many Englih
fhips are feighted in the fummer time.
Pinofa is the principal town, and has
two churches. The inhabitants are
negrocs, who fpeak the Portuguefe lan-
uage, and many of them go naked.
Fon 23.0 Wy lat. 15 10 N.
MazacGav, a ftrong town of the king-
dom of Morocco, feated near the At-
lantic, eight miles w of Azamor, and
120 N of Morocco. Lon $ 15 w, lat.
43 12 N.
MEC
MAzZARA, 3 good faport of Sicily
éapital of a fertile valley of the fame
name, with a bifhop's fee, 25 miles sw
of Trapani. Lon. 12 30 8, lat. 37 53,
MEACO, acity of the ifland of Niphon,
in Japan, of which it was formerly the
capit It is the great magazine of al]
the manufactures in Japan, and the prin-
cipa] place for trade. The inhabitants
are faid to be 600,000. Lon. 134 25
E, lat. 35 40 N.
MEap1A, a town of Hungary, in the
bannat of Temefwar, feated on the wn
fide of the Danube, 15 miles £ of Belgrade,
Xt was difmantled by the Turks in 1798.
Lon. 12.0 Ey lat. 5 ON.
MEAO, a {inall ifland, one of the Mo.
Juccas, in the Indian Ocean, with a good
harbour. Lon. 127 5 £, lat. 12. N.
MEARNS. See KINCARDINESHIRE.
MEATH, ox East MEATH, a county
of Ireland, in the’ province of Leinfter, 36
miles long and 35 broad ; bounded on the
N by Cavan and Louth, on the £ by the
Irifh Sea and Dublin, on the s by that
county and Kildare, and on the w by
Welt Meath. It contains 129 > 2¥i1). «
and fends 14 members to paiiiument,
Trim is the capital.
MEATH, WEST, a county of Ireland,
in the province of Leinfter ; bounded on
the n by Cavan, on the NE and’ E by
Eaft Meath, on the s by King’s County,
on the w by Rofcommon, trom which it
is feparated by the Shannon, and on the
Nw by Longford. It is one of the moft
populous and fertile counties in Treland,
contains 62 parifhes; and ‘ends ten mem-
bers to parbament, Mullenger is the
county-town.
MEAUX, an ancient town of France, in
the department of Seine and Marne and
Jate province of the Ifle of France, with
a bifhop's fee. It is large and populous;
and the fine market-place is a peninfula
contiguous to the town, which was for-
merly well fortified, and, in 1421, ftood
a fiege of three months againft the En-
glith, It is feated on the Marne, 19
miles NW of Colomiers, and 25 NE of
Paris. Lon.2 588, lat. 48 58 N.
MECAN, a large river, which rifes in
Thibet, and flowing sz through Laos
and Cambodia, falls. by two mouths into
the Eaftern Ocean, forming an if'end be-
low the city of Cambodia, which here
gives name to the eaftern branch,’
MECCA, an ancient and famous town
of Arabia Delerta, feated in a -barrea
valley, durrounded. by many little hills,
confitting of a:blackith rook, The build
the ee
‘broug!
ings 4
annual
fon of
fhops 4
one of
tend
his d
the gre:
him b
plenty |
ituft; |
fruit,*
and cu
The te
its fo
Londo
It is of
covered
three p
throug
with
all rou
thofe t
Allah,
fquare
long»
from ta
filk, 1 }
Jar
wie fill
fore it,
Beat
ims
the f
men), ‘
Within
in the 1
bar of
hang tl
ore ma
whent
von (
Ps ©
he ore
pilgriy
here, f
ever, i
all at
70,00¢
tain c
title o
morni
miles
ham %
rey
feven
{tone
perfor
ont: tl
ot it
poor
of Sicily
the fame
miles sw
© 37 S3N,
f Niphon,
merly the
ine of all
| the prin.
thabitants
6 134 25
ry, in the
m the n
Belgrade,
in 1738,
" the Mo.
th a good
I2N,
ESHIRE,
a county
infter, 36
led on the
E by the
Ss by that
he ve hy
iiuament,
-‘Treland,
unded on
od £ by
County,
which it
1 on the
the moft
Treland,
len mem-
is the
ance, in
une and
ce, with
bpulous ;
beninfula
as for-
I> ftood
the En-
me, 19
5 NE of
rifes in
rh Laos
ths into
end be-
ch here
hs town
barrea
e hills,
e build.
MEC
ings are very mean, and its fupport is the
annual refort of pilgrims at a certain {ea-
fon of the year; for, at other times; the
fhops are Icarcely open. On the top of
one of the hills is @ cave, where they pre-
tend Mahomet ulu: ‘ly retired to perform
his devotions; and hither, they affirm,
the greatelt part of the Koran was brought
him by the angel Gabriel. The town has
plenty of water, and yet little garden.
ftuff; but there are feveral forts of good
fruit,»as grapes, melons, watermelons,
and cucumbers. . Numbers of: theep-are
‘brought hither to be fold to the pilgrims.
The temple of Mecca has 42 doors, and
its form refembles the Royal Exchange in
London, but it is near ten times as large.
It is open in the nfiddle, and-the ground
covered with gravel, except in two or
three places that lead to the Beat-Allah
through certain doors; dnd thele are paved
with fliort ftones, There are cloifters
all round, and in the fides are cells for
thofe that live a monaftic life. The Beat-
Allah, in the middle of the temples is a
fquare ftruéture, each fide about 20 paces
long, and 24 feet high; covered all over
from top to bettom with a thick fort of
filk, and the middle embroidered with
large letters of gold: the door is covered
with filver plates, and has a curtain be-
fore it, thick with gold embroidery. This
Beat is the precip! objeé of the pil-
grims devotion, and is open but two days
in the {pace of fix weeks, one day for the
men, and the next for the women.
Within there are only two wooden pillars
in the middle to fupport the roof, \ith a
bar of iron faftened thereto, 6n which
hang three or four filver lamps: the walls
are marble, and covered with filk, unlefs
when the pilgrims enter. About 32 paces
von the Beat, is the fepulchre of Abra-
iam as they pretend ; and they affirm that
be wested the Beat-Allah. When the
pilgri:as have performed their devotions
here, they repair to a hill, which, how-
ever, is not large enough to contain them
all at once, for there 'aré no lefs than
70,000 pilgrims every year. When cer-
tain ceremonies are over, they receive the
title of hadgies or faints; and the next
morning they move to a place abowt two
miles frem Mecca’ where they fay Abra-
ham went to offef up his fon Ifaac. Here
they pitch their tents, and then thr
feven {mall ftones bs & ‘little fquare
ftone building. ‘This; they atirm, is
performed ini defiance of the devil. Every
one then phiclitfes a: éating foiiit
of it themfelves, and giving the reft to
poor people whe steer ‘pon shat eeca-
MEC
fion. Mecca is. 94 miles ng of Juddz,
the ieaport of Mecca, and 220 $ by & of
Medina. Lon. 40 55 £, lat. 41 45 .N.
MECKLENBURG, a country of Gere
many, in the circle of. Lower Saxony ;
bounded on the w by the Baltic, on the g
by Pomerania, on the by: Brandenburg,
and on the w by Hoilftein and Lunenburg.
It extends 135 miles in length, and 90
where broadeit, and abounds in corny
pattures, and e. This country w2sy
tor many centuries, under the government
of one-prince; but on the death of the
fovereign in.1592, it was diviaed between.
his two fons; the eldeft retaining the
duchy of Mecklenburg Schwerin, which
is confiderably the largeft thare, and the
younger obtained the duchy of Mecklen«
burg Strelitz. Schwerin is the capital of
the tormer, and New Strelitz of the latter.
MECHLIN, a city of the Austrian
Netherlands, capital of a diftri& of the
fame name, with an archbifhop’s fee. It
confifts of feveral {mall iflands made by
artificial canals, over which are a great
many bridges; and its cathedral is a
fuperb ftructure, with 4 very high fteeple.
Here is a great foundry for ordnance of
all kinds; and it is famous for fine lace,
and a fort of beer, which is fent into the
neighbouring provinces. The tetritory of
this town is a lordthin, which comprehends
two fiall diftri&s containing nine owns
of little confequence, and fome villages.
It fubmitted to the duke of Marlborough
in 1706, and was taken by the French in
%746, but reftored in 1748. -In 379%
the Frerch again took it, evacuated it
the next year, and re-entered it in 1794.
It is feated on the Dender, 10 miles N&
of Bruflels, and 15 sez of Antwerp.
Lon. 4 34£, lat. 51 2.N.
MgCHOACHAN, a provinee of New
Spain, in the wit ¢ of Mexico;
bounded on the Nw by New Bifcay, en
the Nz by Panuco, on the « by Mexico
Proper, on the s by the Pacific Ocean,
and on the w by New Galicia, It is 200
miles in circumference, and is very rich,
abounding in all the neceffaries of life.
Tt has allo mines of filver and. coppets
great plenty of cocoa-nute, ard much filk,
MECHOACHAN, Or VALLADOLID, 3
coniderable town of New Spain, capitil
of the provinee of Mecho&acan, with a
Ddifhop’s fee. It is feated near a great:
lake, ts tiles W of Mexico, Lon. ios
a8 W, lat. 20 é N.
| MECKLEY}& province of Agia, bounded
‘on the N i! Sle on the & by Chita, o2
the w by Beagal, and on the s by Rofhaan
and Dermnah, to baaae | "9 it is frbjedt.
MED
. MEDELIN, a-town of Spain, in Eftra-
maduray feated in a fertile country, on the
river Guadiana, 22 miles & of Merida.
Lon. 5 38. w, lat. 38 41 N. ;
. MEDELPAD1sA, a maritime province of
Sweden, in Nofland, and on the gulf of
peanbias It is full of mountains and
orefts. Sund{wall is the capital.
. MEDEMBLICKy a town of the United
Provinces, in N Holland, feated on the
Zuider-Zee, witha good harbour. It is
Rine miles nN of Hoorn, and 22 Ne of
Amfterdam. Lon. 5.08, lat. 52 47N.
. Mepina, a famous town of Arabia
Deferta, celebrated for being the burial-
place of Mahomet. It ie a fall, poor
lacey yet is walled round, and has a
arge mofque, but nothing like the tem-
ple at Mecca. In one corner is: a place,
34 paces {quare, with great windows,
and brafs gates; and in the middle, the
tomb of Mahomet, inclefed with cur-
tains, and lighted by a great many famps.
The tomb is not +" fed to any, except
the eunuchs appoint ‘ake care of it,
and to light the lamps, out the ftory of
its being fufpended in the air by a load.
ftone is known to be a fiction. Medina
is called the City of the Prophet, becaufe
ere he was protected by the inhabitants
when he fled from. Mecca; and here he
was firft invefted with regal power. The
time of his. death was, in 637; but the
Mahometan epoch begins in 622, from
the time of his, flight... It is feated on a
plain, abounding in palm-trees, 200 miles
nw. of Mecca. Lon. 39 33 €, lat. 24 20 N.
_. Mepina-CExt, a town of Spain, in
Qld Caftile, capital of a duchy of the
dame name; feated ngar the Xalong, 1o
miles. NE of Siguenza, and 75 8W of
Saragofla, Lon. 2 24.W, lat.q1 12.
. MEDINA-DE-LAS-TORRES, a town of
Spain; in Bftramadura, with an old caftle,
feated at the foot of a rhountain, near
Badajoz.
4 Misisa ner:Casiro, an ancient and
@ommercial town of Spain, in Leon, It
enjoy$.grcat privileges, and is feated ina,
country abounding with corn and wine,
37 miles se of Zamorg, and.75 Nw of
‘Madrid. Lon. 4 24 W,, Jat..41 20 N.
; .Mgpina-pEt-Ri0-SEcco, an-ancient
isown of Spain, in Leon,: feated on a
splain, where there are fine aftures, 35
jmiles Nw .of alladolid, and. §0 sE of
_ bein. Lon. 4 33 Bp lat. 42.6 N.
MEDINA-SIDONIA, anancient ‘town :of
e in; Andalufia, with.a caftle, 36
pmiles NNw of Gibraltar,:and 20 NE, pf
gheddia, Lon. 5.36 By lat..3640N. 41
i MEDYTRRRANZ AN, A dea between Alias
a . @
MEG
Africa, and Ryrope, communieating with
the Atlantic Ocean by the ftraits of Gib-
valtar; and with the Black Sea by the
ftrait of Gallipoli, the fea of Marmora,
and the ftrait of Conftantinople. It is of
very great extent, but has no tide, and z
conftant current fets in from the Atlantic
through the {traits of Gibraltar. It con-
tains many iflands, feveral of them large,
ts Majorca, Corfica, Sardinia, Sicily,
Candia, and Cypras. The eaftern part
at it, bordering on Afia, is {ometimes
galled the Levant Sea. Lon. 6° w te
72° £, lat. 41 to 44°N.
MEDNik}, 2 town of Poland, in the
province of Samogitia, with a bifhop’s fee;
feated on the Warwitz, 40 miles £ of
Memel. Lon. 22 49 E, lat. 55 42 N.
Mepua, a town of the kingdom of
Algiers, feated in a country abounding
in corn, fruits, and flocks of fheep. It
¥s 375 miles sw of Algiers.. Lon.o 13
by lat. 44 45 N.
MeEpway, ariver which rifes.in Ath-
down Foreft, in Suffex; entering Kent,
it waters Tunbridge, and at Maiditone
is navigable to Rochefter; below which,
at Chatham, it is a ftation for the roval
navy. Dividing into twe branches, the
weftern one enters the Thames, between
the ifles of Grain and, Shepey, and is.de-
fended by the fort at Sheernefs. The
eaftern branch, called the Eaft Swale,
paffes by Quer sbsrough and Milton, and
talls into the. German Ocean, below
Feverfham.
MEpDwi, a town of Sweden, in the
province of E Gothland, called the Swedith
Spa, on account of its waters, which are
vitriolic and {ulphureous. ‘The lodging-
houtes form one ftreet of uniform wooden
buildings painted red. The walks and
rides are delightful, particularly on the
banks of the Wetter. It is three miles
frem Wadftena.
MEDz1B02, a town of Poland, in th
polatnate of Volhinia, feated on the river
og, 20 miles s of Conftantinow.
MeEGara, a town of Livadea, for-
merly very large, but now inconfiderable.
It has fome fine remains of antiquity, and
is 20 miles w of Athens. Lon. 23 30
E, lat. 38 6 N. ;
Mrozn, a. town of Dutch Brabant,
feated on the Maefe, 15 miles sw of Ni-
meguen. Lon. 5268, lat. 51 49 N.
-, Mgcksvar, atown of Tranfylvania,
capital-of a county of the fame; name,
remarkable for its good wines. It is feated
on the river Kotel.. Lon. 25.20 2, lat.
45 SQN. j
« MEGIERSy ®. town of , Tranfylvania,
28 mile
g, lat.
MEH
nels ing
itfelf,
MEH
of Fr:
and fat
ruins off
a'place
by his
féated 3
Yevre,
105 $0
MEH
France,
late pro
Loire,
48 B, |:
MEI
Chablai
tRe lake
{mall ba
mountai
one mile
the knig
produces
chief rey
five mile
MrIs:
of Germ
bounded
Saxony,
Bohemi:
It is xc
breadth
ducing
that co!
The inh
in Ger
MeIs
Saxony
Meiffen,
nufactur
the Elbe
37 ESE |
St IgN
MEL.
tolia, w
rious
feated
miles s
IP BN
ting with
3 of Gib.
a by the
viarmora,
It is of
Je, and z
Atlantic
It con-
em large,
ly Sicily,
tern part
ometimes
6° W te
d, in the
nop’s fee;
les EB of
42 N.
igdom of
bounding
heep. It
ORO 19
sin Ath.
ng Kent,
Aaidittone
w which,
the roval
ches, the
between
ind is. de.
fs. The
Swale,
Iton, and
1, below
» in the
Swedith
hich are
lodging-
mn wooden
alks and
iy. on the
ee miles
Os in the
the river
Bea, for-
iderable.
uity, and
+ 23 30
Brabant,
of Ni-
9 N.
fylvania,
p name,
is feated
OF, lat.
fylvania,
MEL
28 miles 8 of Hermanttadt.
g, lat. 46 53N.
MEHRAN, the principal of the chan-
nels into which the river Indus divides
itfelf, near Tatta, in Hindooftan Proper.
MEHUN-SuR-YEVRE, an ancient town
of France, in the department of Cher
and fate province of Berry. Here are
ruins of a caftle built by Charles vir, as
a'place of retirement; and here he ftarved
himtelf, in the dread of being poifoned
by his .on, afterward Lewis x1. It is
fated in a fertile plain, on the river
Yevre, to miles Nw of Bourges, and
105 $ of Paris. Lon. 2 17 £, lat. 47 10 N.
MEHUN-SUR-LOIRE, a town of
Lon. 24 41
France, in the department of Loiret and
late province of Orleanois, feated on the
Loire, 10 miles sw of Orleans. Lon. 1
48 £, lat. 47 soN.
MEILLERIE, a village of Savoy, in
Chablais. It is feated on the s fide of
tle lake of Geneva, in the recefs of a
fmall bay, and at the foot of impending
mountains, which in fome parts are gently
floping, and clothed to the edge of the
water with dark forefts, and in others are
naked and perpendicular. Thefe dark
and gloomy rocks lie sw of Clarens,
which place and Meillerie are both in-
terefting f{cenes in the Eloifa of Roufleau.
MEINAU, an ifland in the bay of the
Bodmer See, or middle lake of Conftance,
one milein circumference. It belongs to
the knights of the Teutonic order, and
produces excellent wine, which forms the
chief revenue of the commander. It is
five miles N of Conftance. .
MEISSEN, or Misnta, ‘a margravate
of Germany, in the electorate of Saxony ;
bounded on the N by the duchy of
Saxony, on the £ by Lufatia, on the s by
Bohemia, and op the w by Thuringia.
It is 100 miles in length, and 80 in
breadth; and is a very fine country, pro-
ducing ‘corn; wine, metals, and all things
that contribute te the pleafure of lite.
The inhabitants {peak the pureft language
inGermany. The capital is Drefden.
Meissen, a confiderable town of
Saxony Proper, in the margravate of
Meiffen, with a caftle, and a famous ma-
nufacture of porcelains It is feated on
the Elbe, 10 miles nnw of Drefden, and
37 ESE of Leipfick. Lon. 13 33 By lat.
st 1% N.
MgLazzo, an ancient town of Na-
tolia, with a bithop’s fee, and {ome cu-
rious monuments of antiquity. It is
feated on a bay of ‘the Archipelago, 60
miles s of ‘Smyrna. “Lon. 27 25 8, lat.
yp we Ny : i ‘ ’
MEL
Metck, a, finall, well-fortified town
of Germany, in the circle of Lower
Auftria, with a celebrated Benediétine
abbey, feated on 2 hill, 47 miles w of
Vienna, Lon. 15 20 £, lat. 48 114 N.
MELCOMB-REGIS, a borough in Dor-
fetthire, with a markct on Tue(day and
Friday. It is feated on an arm of the
fea, and joined to Weymouth by a
timber bridge, which has a drawbridge
in the middle, to adinit the paflage of
fhips into the wettern part of the harbour.
Melcomb is feated in a flat, and has 2
market-place, with good ftreets and
yards for their merchandife. The two
‘owns being incorporated together, are
governed by a mayor; and each tends
two members to parliament. Melcomb
is eight miles s of Dorcefter, and 129
wsw of London. Lon. 2 40 w, lat. 50
37 N. See WeyMouTH.
MELDELA, a town of Italy, in Ro~
magna, belonging to its own prince. It
is eight miles sw of Ravenna. Lon. 12
48 E, lat. 44 22 .N.
MELDERT, a town of Auftrian Bra-
bant, 10 rniles sez of Louvain. Lon. 4
41 E, lat. §0 45 N. '
MELDoRP, a confiderable town of
Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Holftein,
feated near the Milde, 15 miles s of
Tonningen, and 45 w of Hamburg.
Lon. 9 6 £, lat. 54. 10 N.
MELF1, a confiderable town of Naples,
in Bafilicata, with an ancient caftle feated
on a rock, and a bifhop’s fee, 16 miles
NE of Conza and 72 of Naples. Lon.
15 52 Ey, lat. 41 2 N.
MELIDA, an ifland of Dalmatia, in the
gulf of Venice, and in the republic of
Ragufa. It is 25 miles in length, and
abounds im oranges, citrons, wine, and
.fith, It has a Benedittine abbey, fix
villages, and feveral harbours.
MELILLA, an ancient town of. the
kingdoin of Fez. It was taken, in 14.96,
by the Spaniards, who built a citadel
here; but it was reftored to the Moors.
Tt is feated near the Mediterranean, 75
miles w by N of Tremeten. Lon. 2 57
W, lat. 3448 N.
MELINDA, a kingdom of Africa, on
the coaft of Zanguebar. It produces
gold, flaves, elephants teeth, oftrich
teathers, wax, aloes, ‘fena, and other
drugs; alfo plenty of rice, fugar, cocoa~
nuts, sonkedéen tropical fruits.
MELINDA; a town cn’ the coaft of
Zanguebar, apital’of a kingdom of the
fame name, féated at the mouth of the
Quilmane}.:" Here the Portuguefe have
t7 churehes, nine ey ‘and wares
2
MEL
houfes well provided with European goods.
It is turrounded by “ae gardens, and has
a good harbour, defended by a fort;
but the entrance is dangerous, on account
of the great number of fthoals, and rocks
under water. The inhabitants are
Chriftians. and Negroes, which laft have
their own king and religion; and the
number of bcth is faid to amount to
200,000. Lon. 39 38 E, lat. 215 s.
MeuiTa. See MALTA.
* MELITELLO, a town of Sicily, in the
Val-di-Noto, eight miles w of Leontiai.
MELITO, a town of Naples, in Calabria
Ulteriore, with a bifhop’s fee, 4o miles
nN of Reggio. Lon. 16 30 E, lat. 38
40 N.
MELLE, a town of Weftphalia, ia
the bithopric of Oinabusg, 10 miles £ of
Otnaburg, Lon. 8 35 £, lat. 52 25 N.
MELLE, a town ot. France, in the de-
partment of the Two Sevres. and late
province of Poitou, 13 miles s of St.
Maixent.
MELLER. See MAELER-
MELLINGEN, a town of Swifferland,
in the bailiwic of Baden, which, fince
#712, depends on the cantons of Zuric
and Bern. It is feated ina fertile country,
on the river Reus, five miles s by w of
aden.
MELNICK, a town of Bohemia, feated
at the confluence of the Elbe and Muldaw,
18 miles N of Prague. Lon. 14 50 £,
lat. so 22 N.
MELoug, a town of Upper Egypt,
feated on‘the Nile, with a remarkable
moigue. Lor. 31 §5 &, lat. 27 30N.
MELROSE, a town in Roxburgh-
fhise, clofe by. which are the mag-
nificent remains of Méelrofe Abbey,
founded, in 1136, by David 1. Part of
it is ftill ufed tor divine fervice. Alex-
ander 1x, it is faid, is buried under the:
great altar ; and James ear! of Douglas,
ilain at the battle of Otterburn, in 1388,
and whofe death is lamented in the ce-
lebrated ballad of Chevy Chace, is alfo
buried here. Melrofe is feated near the
Tweed, 28.miles sz of Edinburgh. Lon.
% 42 Wy lat.55 48 N.
MELRICHSTADT, a town of Fran-
conia, in the bithopric of Wurtzburg,
remarkable. tor a battle. fought near it,
Between the. emperor Henry. tv, and
Rodolph. duke of Swabia. It is feated
on the Strat, 20 miles w.of Schweinfurt.
Metron, MowBRay¥, :2 town in Lei-
celterfhire, with a matket:on, Tuefday,
confiderahle, for. cattle, hogs, and fheep.
The. fine.cheefe called Stilton, js-chielly
Wgle in. its neigbbousheed: It is rated,
MEN
on the Eye, over which are two flote.
bridges, 15 miles s by & of Nottingham,
and 106 N by w of London. Lor. o
50 W, lat. 52 48 N.
MELUuN, an ancient town of France, in
the department of Seine and Marne and
late province of the Ifle of France, feated
on the Seine, 25 miles sz of Paris. Lon.
2 35 BE, lat. 48 30 Ne
MEMBRILLO, a town of Spain, in
Eftramadura, 14 miles s of Alcantara,
Lon. 6 o W, lat. 39 42 Ne
MEMEL,. a. ftrong town of Eaftern
Pruilia, with a ca(tle, the fineft harhour
in. the Baltic, and an. extenfive commerce,
It is feated on the N extremity of the
Curifche Haf, an inlet of the Baltic 70
miles in length, which is here joined to
the fea by a narrow ftrait. On the ne
fide of the entrance into the harbour is
a lighthoule, ereSted in 1796. It is 76
miles NNE of Koningfberg, and 140 Nz
of Dantzic. Lon. 21 40 £, lat. 55 46 N.
MEMMINGEN, « ftrong town of Sua-
bia, near which, in Augult 1795, the
French republicans defeated the emi-
grants under the prince of Conde. It
is feated in a fertile plain, 24 miles. sp
of Ulm, and 35 sw ot Augfburg. Lon.
10 16 E, lat. 48 3 .N.
MENAN, a large river of the king-
dom of Siam, which runs through it
from N to s, pafles by the city of Siam,
and falls into the gulf of Siam, below
Bancock. There are feveral fingular fithes-
in it, befide crocodiles, which are common
in thefe parts.
MENANCABO, a town in the ifland of
Sumatra. It ,is the capital of a. {mall
kingdom of the fame name, and feated,
on the s coaft, oppofite the ifle of Naflau,
250 miles trom the ftrait of Sunda.
MENDE, an anciert town of France,
capital of the department of Lozere and
late province of Gevaudan, with a bifhop’s
fee. The fountains, and one of the
fteeples of the cathedral, are remarkable,
It is very populous; has manyfactures of
ferges and other woollen ftuffs; and is
feated on. the Lot, 35 miles sw of Puy,
and 210.8 by £ of Paris. Lon. 3.35 Ey
lat. 44 31 N.
MenpiP-HIL sq a lofty traét, in the
NE of Someriethhire, abounding in coal,,
calamine,..and lead; the latter faid to
be of a harder quality than that of othes
countries.. Copper, , manganefe, bok,
and red ochre, are alfo found im thele
hills. On their fummits are large {wampy
flats, dangerous to crofs,
MENDLESHAM, a town, in Suffolk,
with a market on Friday, 28 miles Rot:
* don.
M
dom
fame
Alth¢
vince
two Rote.
ttuingham,
or. o
vance, in
arne and
ce, feated
$s» Lon,
pain, in
Alcantara,
Eaftern
harhour
lommerte,
y of the
Baltic 70
joined ts
the ne
arbour is
It is 76
MEN
‘Bury St. Edmunds, and 82 NE of Lon-
* don.:. Lon, 1 12 E, lat. 52 24.N.
MENDRAH, a province of the king-
dom of Fezzan, with a town of she
fame name, 60 miles s of Mourzook.
Although much of the land in this pro-
vince is a continued level of hard and bar-
ren foil, the quantity of trona, a {pecies
of foffil alkali, that foats on the furface,
or fettles on the bariks of its numerous
fnoking lakes, has given it a higher im-
portance than that of the moit tertile
diftriéts.
MENEHOULD, ST. an ancient and con-
fiderable town of France, in the depart-
ment of Marne and late ‘province of Cham-
pagne. It is feated in a morafs, on the
river Aifne, between two rocks, with a
caftle advantageoufly fituate; but its
other fortifications have been demolifhed.
It was almoft totally deftroyed by a con-
flagration in:171). It was here, on
September 20, 1792, that the French
gave the firft check to the progrefs of
the viGtorious Pruffians, which, in the
end, compelled them to a difgracetul
retreat. ‘St. Menchould is 20 miles NE
of Chalons, and 110 £0f Paris. Lon. 4
‘59 Ey lat. 49 2 N.
Meniz. Sce Munta.
MENIN, a town of Auftrian Flanders,
feated on the Lis. In 1585, it was
almoft entirely deftroyed by fire. It is
deemed the key of the. country; and ia
every war, from the middle of the 17th
century, the poffeffion of it has been
deemed of the utmoit confequence. It
has, therefore, been often taken and re-
taken; the laft: time by the French in
April 1794, when the garrifon (in onder
to fave the unhappy no a bravely ,
forced their way through the enemy. -
It is eight miles ‘sz of Ypres, and 10
of Lifle. Lon. 3 9 £, hat. 50 48 N.
MENTON, a city of Italy, in the prin-
cipality of Monaco, with a cattle. It
has a confiderable trade in fruit and oil;
and is feated near the fea, five miles
ENE of Monaco, and eight wsw of Ven-
timiglia. Lon. 7 35 £, lat. 43 46 N.
ENTzZ, an archbifhopric and elec-
torate of Germany, in the circle of the
Lower Rhine, sad lying upon that river.
‘It is bownded on the N by Weteravia
and Heffe, on the £ by Franconia, on the
s by the palatinate of the Rhine, and on
the w by the eleétorate of Treves; is 50
miles in length, and 20 in breadth; and
is very fertile. The eleétor is alfo fove-
reign of Eichsfeld, Eisfeld, or Eifeld (a
country furrounded bv Hefle, Thuringia,
Grubenhagen, and lenberg) and of
MEQ
the city and territory of Erfort, in Thee
ringia.
_ MENTZ; or MaYENce, a confiderable
city of Germany, capital of the elec.
torate of Mentz, with a univerfity, and
an archbifhep’s fee. The archbithop is
an eleCtor of the empire, arch-chancellog
of the empire, keeper of the archives,
and director of the general and particular
aflemblies. This city is built in an irree
gular manner, and plentifully provided
with churches. In Rs cathedral, which
18 a gloomy fabric, ‘is what they call 4
treafury, which contains a nurhber *
clumly jewels, fome relics, and a ric
wardrohe ef facerdotal veitments. Mente
1s one of the towns which claim the in:
vention of printing. The French took
this place by furprife, in O&ober 17923
and they fo greatly ftrengthened the forti-
fications, that, the next year, it ftood 4
long blockade and fiege againft the king
ef Pruffia, to whom, however, it fur-
rendered in July 1793. It was re=
attacked by the French in 1795s bute
i i were defeated before it, both in April
and Oétober, by the Austrians, who alfé
relieved it from a blockade of two
months, in September 1796. Mary of
the churches, public buildings, and prie
vate houfes, were deftroyed, or greatly
injured, during the fiege, as well 3
fome fine villages, vineyards, and country
houfes. Mentz is feated on ‘the Rhine,
jutt below its confluence with the Maine
and oppofite to it, on the & fide, is
—- town of Caffel, connected with it
by a bridge of boats. It is 15 miles w
of Francfort, and 75 gof Treves. Lon.
8 10 £, lat. 49 56 N.
MEPHEN,; a town of Why sive
which depends on the bithop of Muntter;
It is feated on the Embs, 15 miles nN of
Lingen, and go Nw of Munfter. Lon.
7 36 £, lat. 5245 N.
MEQUINENZA, an ancient town of
Spain, in Arragon, with'a caftle. It is
feated at the confluence of the Ebro and
Segra, in a fertile country, 39 miles nw
of Tortofa, and 180 NE of Madrid.
Lon. 0 29 E, lat. 41 36 N.
MeQuiNeéz, a city of the kingdom
of Fez, and now the capital of the whole
empire of Morocco. It is feated in 4
delightful plain, having a’ ferene and
clear A i for iy reafon the em-
peror refides in this place in preference
to Fez. In the raiadke of the city, the
Jews have a place to themfelves, the
gates of which are locked every night;
and’ there is an alcayd’ to protect them
ageink th¢ aia ot ee ‘who other.
a
MER
wife would plunder their fubftance. It
is death for them to curfe, or lift up a
hand againit the meaneft Moor ; and they
are obliged to wear black clothes and
c3ps, and to pull off their inces when-
ever they pals bya mofque. Clofe by
Mequinez, on the nw fide, is a large
negro town, which takes up as much
ground as the city, but the houfes are not
jo high, nor fo well built. ‘The inhabi-
tants are all blacks, or of a dark tawny
colour; and thence the emperor recruits
the foldiers for his court. ‘The palace
ftands on the s fide, and is aaiiee by
feveral hundreds of black eunuchs, who
are cleanly dreffed, and their knives and
cimitars are covered with wrought filver.
The houies of Mequinez ate very good,
but. in. ftreets exceedingly narrow, and
hardly any of the windows to be feen;
for the light comes in at tlie back of the
houfes, where there is a f{quare court,
in the middle of which is a fountain,
if the houle belong toa perfon of any rank.
They are flat at the top; fo that in many
places they can walk a great way upon
them.. The women live in the upper
apartments, and often vifit each other
from,the tops of the houfes. When they
£9 abroad, they have their heads covered
with their outward garment, which comes
down ¢lofe to their eyes;. and underneath
they tie a piece of white cloth, to hide the
wer, part. of, their face. They are quite
covered all over, except their legs, which
are generally naked; but within doors
hey appear in their hair, and have only a
fingle fillet over their foreheads. Their
cuftoms and manners are much the fame
as thofe of other Mahometans. Mequi-
nez is 66 miles w of Fez. Lon. 66 w,
: "MER, a.towp, of Frange, in the de-
partment of Loir and Cher and late pro-
vince of Blailois, 19 miles NE of Blois.
MBEAN: a trading town of Germany,
in the Tirol, capital of Erfchland. it
is feated on the Adige, rz miles nw of
Bolzano. ‘Lon. 11 18 £, lat. 46 44.N.
MERAZION, or MARKET JEW, a
feaport in Cornwall, with a market on
Thurfday; feated on an arm of the: fea,
called Mountfbay, three smiles & of Pen
zance, and 283 w by s of London. Lon.
$30 W, lat. 50 32 N, ,
MERE, a town in’ Wilthire, with a
market on Tueiday, 2% miles w of
Salifbufy, agd too. w by, $ of London.
Lon. 2 25'w, lat. 52 6.N.
" MERDIN, a town of Turkey, in Diar-
beck, with a caftle and an archbishop’s
fee. The country about it produces a
MER
great deal of cotton, It is 4§ miles se
ot Diarbekar. Lon. 39 59 E, lat. 36
ON.
: MERECZ, a town of Lithuania, feated
at the confluence of the Berezino and
Merecz, 30 miles N of Grodno. . Lon.
24.10 E, lut..50 0 Ne
MERIDA, a ftrong town of Spain, in
Eftramadura, built by the Romans, before
the birth of Chrift. Here are fine re-
mains of antiquity, particularly a trium-
phal arch. It is feated in an extenfive and
tertile plain, 45 miles s by £ of Alcan.
tara. Lon. 6 4 W, lat. 38 42 N.
MERIDA, a town of New Spain, ca-
pital of the province of Yucatan, with
a bifhop’s fee. It is inhabited by the
Spaniards and native Americans; and is
30 miles s of the guilt of Mexico, and
120 NE of Gainpeastir: Lon. 89 58 W,
at,2045 .N.
MERIDA, a ,town of S America, iq
New Granada, feated in a country a-
bounding with all kinds of fruits, 130
miles NE of Pampeluna. Lon. 71 0 w,
Jat. 8 30 N..
MERIONETHSHIRE, a county of N
Wales, bounded.on the N by Carnarvon.
fhire and Denbighfhire, on the E by the
latter county and that of Montgomery,
on the s by Cardiganfhire, and on the
w by the Irith Sea. . It.extends 36 miles
fron y. to s, and is 34 wide in. its
broadeft i pes The face, of this county
is varied throughout with a..romantic
mixture of all the peculiar -fcenery be-
longing to a wild and mountainous
region. The principal rivers are. the
Dee and Dovy; and it has a great moun-
tain, the Cader Idris, one of the highet
in Wales. Merionzthhire contains fix
hundreds, four market-towns, 37 parithes,
and fends one member to parliament.
Harlech is the capital.
'MeERiITZ, MeRiTcH, or MERRICH,
an important fortrefg and city of the
Deccan of Hindpoftan. ‘Tt was taken by
Hyder Ally in 1778; and is fituate near
the N bank of the river Kiftna, 70 miles
Sw ot Viflapour, =
Merk, a river of Auftrian Brabant,
which running N by Breda, . afterward
tursis Ww, and falls into one of the mouths
of the river Maele, ‘oppofite the ifland of
Overflackee, in Holland. =
MeErQ, a ftrong town of the kingdom
of Pegu, 14¢ miles sw of the town of
Pegu. Lon. 98 36 By lat. 6QN. _
‘MEROU, 4 town of Perfia, in Korafan,
feated in a fertile ‘country, which pro-
duces falt, 112 miles sw of Bokhara.
Lons 64 25-8, lat. 3740 Ne
5 miles sy
Ey lat. 36
lay feated
Zimo and
0. Lon,
Spain, in
ns, before
e fine re.
y atrium.
enfive and
of Alcan.
bpain, ca.
tan, with
d by the
83 and is
KiCOy and
Po 58 Ww,
herica, j
Nery be.
Ntainous
are. the
¢ moun:
: highett
ains fix
arifhes,
jiament,
RRICH,
of the
ken by
ite near
© miles
rabant,
erward
nouths
and of
ngdom
wn of
rafan,
| pro.
chara,
MER
MeErs. See BERWICKSHIRE.
MERSBURG, a town of the electorate
of Saxony, in Mifnia, with a bifhop’s
fee. It is feated on the Sala, ro miles
s of Halle, and 56 nw of Drefden.
Lon. 12 6 £, lat. 51 28 N.
MERSEY, a river, which rifes in the
N extremity of the Peak in Derbythire,
receives the Tame, at Stockport; and
lower down, the Irwell; it then paffes
Warrington, and receives the Weaver,
Frodfham, where it forms’ a broad
eftuary, that contracts-on its approach to
Liverpool; below which it enters the
Trifn Sea. This river not only affords
falmon, but is ‘vifited by annual fhoals
of ‘fmelts, here called fparlings, of a re-
markable fize and flavour.
- MERSEY-ISLAND, an ifland in Effex,
Petween the mouth of the Coln and the
entranee of Blackwater Bay. In the
reign of Alfred, it was feized by the
Danes for their winter quarters. It had
once eight parifhes, now reduced to two,
called E and W Merfey.
” MERSPURG, a town of Suabia, in the
bithopric of Conftance, and the bifhop’s
ufual place of refidence.’ It is feated on
the N fide of the Jake of Conftance, 17
miles from the town of that name. Lon.
9 268, lat.47 45N.
‘ MERTOLA, a {trong town of Portugal,
in Alentejo, fer .d near the Guadiino, 40
miles s of Evora, and 100 sz of Lifbon.
Lon. 7 40 w, lat. 37 30N.
' Merton, a village near Oxford,
fituate near two military ways. There
were intrenchments in the neighbouring
woods, fuppofed to be thrown up by'kin
Ethelred,; or the Danes, whom he defeate
in 873. pn
MERTON, a village in Surry, feated
on the Wandle, fevert miles sw of Lon-
don. It had a celebrated abbey, founded
in the reign of Henry I; ‘in which feveral
important tranfaétions took place; pars
ticularly, at a parliament held here, in
1236, were enacted the Provifions of Mere
ton (the moft ancient ‘body of laws after
Magna Charta) and the barons gave that
celebrated anfwer to the clergy, Nolumus
leges Anglia mutare—We will ‘not change
the laws of England. Nothing remains
of this abbey, but the & window of a
chapel; and the walls that furround the
premifes, which are built of flint, are
nearly entiré, and include about 60 acres.
Upon the fite of this abbey are two calico
manufactures, and a copper‘mill; and
about 1000 perfons ate now employed on
i fpot once the abode of monattic indo-
ACC. "
MET
Merve, the north branch of the river
Maefe, in Holland, on Which the city of
Rotterdam is feated. ~ °
MERVILLE, a town’of France, in the
department of the North and late French
Flanders, feated.on the’Lis,. 10 miles sg
of Caffel, and 24 sw of Menin, Lon.4
438, lat.so.57N. i
MESCHED, a‘confidetable town of Pex-
fia, in Korafan, famous’ for the magnifie
cent fepulchre of Iman Rift, of the tamil
of Ali, to which the Perfians pay grea
devotion. It is fortified with ‘feveral
towers, and feated on a mountain, in
which are found fine Turcois ftones, 109
miles £ of Aftrabad. Lon. 57 45 £, lat.
37 ON. .
MEséw, a feaport of Ruffia, in the go-
vernment of Archangel, capital of a ain
triét of the fame name. It is feated on
the river Mefen, on the Eg coaft of t
White Sea, 160 miles, N of Archangel.
Lon. 4425 £, lat.65 soN. | gi eed
MESKIRK, a town of Suabia, in the
the county of Furftenburg, 15 miles n ef
Uberlingen. Wathy tt gas
Messina, an ancient ‘city, of Sicily,
‘in the Val-di-Demona,’'with a citadel,
Yeveral ‘forts, ‘a fpacious harbour, and an
archbifhop’s fee. It is five miles in. cir-
-cumference, and has four large fuburbs.
The public buildings and monafteries are
numerous and magnificent, and it con-
tains 60,000 inhabitants. The harbour,
whofe quay is above a mile in length, is
one of the fafeft in the Mediterranean,
and in the form of a half. moon, five miles
in circumference, and’ extremely deep.
The ‘viceroy of Sicily refides here fix
months jn the year: and it is a place of
great trade in filk, oil, fruit, corn, and
excellent wine, efpecially fince it has been
declared a free port. This place, in 1783,
fuffered much by an earthquake, which
fhook great part of Calabria and Sicil
to their foundatians, overturned many ric
and populous towns, and buried thoufands
in their ruins.’ It is feated on the feafide,
rro miles E’of ‘Palermo, and 180 se of
Naples. . Lon. 15 508, lat. 38 10 N.
~MEsTRE, a town of Italy, in the do,
wado of Venices 16 miles Ne of Padua,
Pott. 12 2E, lat.45 26N, neo.
MEsuRATA, a feaport of the king.
dom of Tripoli, from whence a caravan
proceeds to Fezzan, and other interiog
parts toward the s of Africa. It. is
462 miles N of Mourzdok. Lon.15 5£,
lat. 23 3.
METELIN, an ifland of the Archipela-
go, anciently called Lefbos, to the N of
Scio, and almoft at oe entrance of the
a Se ee
MEW MEX
gulf of Gueftyo, The {oil is very good, pen, in the ifland of Niphon, witha royal
and the mountains are cool; being covercd palace. It is feated on a hill, at the foot
with wood in many places. It produces of which are vaft fields of wheat and
good wheat, excellent oil, and the beit rice, with fine orchards, full of excellent
igs in the Archipelago; nor haye their plums.
wines loft any thing of their ancient ree = Mewar, a hilly and woody tract of
putation. It is fubje& to the Turks, Hindooftan Proper, lying on the sw of
and Cattio is the capital. Delhi, confining the low country, along
MeTHWOLD, a town in Norfolk, with the w bank of the Jumna, to a compara.
amarket on Tuefday, 35 miles nw of tively narrow flip, and extending weft.
Thetford,’ and and 86 NNE of London. ward 130 miles. From N to 5 it is go
Lon. o 40 £, lat. 52 34.N. miles. Although fituate io the heart of
‘MELTING, a ftrong town and caftle of Hindooftan, within 25 miles of its former
Germany, in the duchy of Carniola, capital (Delhi) its inhabitants, the Me.
feated on the Kulp, 40 miles se of Lau- watti, have been ever charaéterized as the
bach. Lon.rs5 3:08, lat. 46 2N. moft favage and brutal; and their chief
MeErTRo, ariver of Italy, whichrifes in employment has been robbery and plunder,
the territory of the Church, runs intothe In 1265, 100,000 of thefe wretches were
duchy of Urbino, and falls into the gulf put to the {word ; but they are ttill fo
of Venice, near Fano. famous as thieves and robbers, that par-
ME'rz, an ancient and ftrong town of ties of them are taken into pay by the
France, in the department of Moelle and chiefs of Upper Hindooftan, in order to
Yate province of Lorrain, with a bithop’s diftrefs the countries that are the feat of
fee, whofe bifhop had the title of a prince warfare. Mewat contains fome ftxong
of the empire. The cathedral is one of fortrefles on fteep or inacceffible hills, and
the fineft in Europe. The Jews, about was almoft entirely fubjeét to the late
000, live in a part of the town by them- Madajee Sindia, a Mahratta chief,
elves, where they have a fynagogue. MEPAT-ALI, a town of Perfia, in
‘The fweatmeats made here are in high Irac-Arabia, not fo confiderable as fore
efteem. Metz was formerly the capital terly, but famous for the fuperb and rich
of the kingdom of Austrafia ; its fortifi- mofque of Ali, to which the Perfians go
cations are excellent, and it has one, of in pilgrimage from all parts. It is 100
the ftrongeft citadels in Europe. The miles swof Bagdad. Lon. 42 57 8, lat.
inhabitants are computed at 40,000, be- 32 ON.
fide a numerous garrifon, who have noble Mezxat-OceM, a confiderable town
*arracks. It is feated at the confluence of of Perfia, which takes its name from a
«axe Mofelle and Seille, 25 miles Nw of mofque dedicated to Ocem, the fon of
Nanci, 37 s of Luxemburg, and 190 NE Ali. It is feated in a fertile country, on
of Paris. Lon. 6 168, lat. 49 7N. the river Euphrates, 70 miles n of Mexat-
MEULAN, an ancient town of France, Ali. J.on. 42 578, lat. 33 oN.
in the department of Seine and Oife and § MEXICANO, or ADAYES, a river of
Yate province of the Ifle of France. Itis N America, in Louifiana, which empties
built in the +irm of an amphitheatre, on itfelf into the gulf of Mexico.
the river Seine, over which are two MExiIco, a town of N America, ca-
bridges, 20 miles nw of Paris. Lon. x pital of New Spain. It was a flourithing
578, lat.49 1N. place before the Spaniards entered the
Meurs, a town of Germany, in the country, and was feated on feveral iflands,
duchy of Cleves, feated on the Rhine, 15 ina faltonnter lake, to which there was
miles nw of Duffeldorf. Lon. 641, noentrance, but by three caufeways, two
fat. $1 25 .N. ~ ‘miles in Jength each. It contained about
MEvuRTHE, a department of France, 80,000 houles, with feveral large tem-
including part of the late province of Lor- ples, full af rich idols, and three palaces
rain. It'fs fo called from ariver that rifes where the emperor of Mexico refided.
in the department of the Vofges, and The abbé Clavigero fays,.that when the
watering Luneville and Nanci, falls into Mexicans were {ubjeéted to the Colhuan
the Moilelle. Nanci is the epifcopal fee and Tepanecan nations, and confined to
of this department. the miferable Jittle iflands on the lake of
' Meuse, a de athens ae France, in- Mexico, they ceafed for fome years to
eluding ‘the late duchy of ‘Bar. It takes cultivate the Iand, becaufe they had none,
its name from the river Meufe, or Maefe. until neceffity taught them to form moves
Bar-le-Duc is the capital. See Magss. able fields aid gardens, which. floated on
‘ Mewart, a confiderable town of Ja- the waters of the lake. The method
itha royal
at the far
vheat and
f excellent
track of
SW of
af) along
compara.
ing we.
5 It is go
¢ heart of
its former
the Me.
ved. as the
heir chief
| plunder,
ches were
¢ till fo
that par.
y by the
order to
he feat of
ie ftron
ills, pa |
the late
erfia, in
> as fore
and rich
fans go
t is 100
7 Ey lat.
le town
a
fon of
atry, on
Mexat-
river of
empties
ca, ca-
withing
red the
iflands,
re was
Ss, two
MEX
which they purfeed to make, thefe, and
which they {till pragtife, is extremely
fimple. Tey plait and ¢wilt willows
and roots of marth plants or other mate-
rials together, which are light, but capa-
ble of tupporting the earth of the garden
firmly umteds Upon this foundation they
lay the light bufhes which float oa the
lake ; and” over all, the mud and. dirt
which they dxaw from the bottom ef the
fame Jake. ‘Their pegpas figure is quad-
gular 5. their length and breadth vari-
ous; but generally they are about eight
rches long, and got more than three ip
Freadth; and have lefs than a foot of ele-
vation above the furface of the water.
Thefe were the firit fields which the
Mexicans owned after the foundation of
Mexico; and there they firlt cultivated
the maize, great pepper, and other plants
heceffary for their fu ports In progreis
of time, as thete fields grew numerous
from the induitry of the people, there
were among them gardens of flowers and
odoriferous plants. Every day, at fun-
rife, innumerable veffels, loaded with va-
tious kinds of flowers and herbs culti-
vated in thefe gardens, are {een arriving
by the canal, at the great market-place of
the capital. The mud of the lake is an
extremely fertile foil, and requires no wa-
ter from the clouds. In the largeft gar-
dens there is commonly a little tree, and
even a hut, to fhelter the cultivator and
defend him from rain or the fun. When
the owner of a garden withes to change
his fituation, he gets into his little veffel,
and by his own ftrength alone, if the gar-
den is imall, or with the affiftance of
others, if it is large, he tows it after
-him, and condusts it wherever he pleafes.
Mexico was taken by Cortez, in 1521,
after a fiege of three months. As the
Mexicans defended themfelves from ftreet
to ftreet, it was almoft a mvs after-
ward rebuilt by the Spaniards. It is now
the capital of the province of Mexico
Proper, of the audience of Mexico, and
of all New Spain. The ftreets are fo
ftraight, and fo exactly difpofed, that,
in point of regularity, it is the fineit city
in the world ; and the great caufeways
leading to. it, with the want of walls,
gates, and artillery, render Mexico ex-
tremely -remagkable. The great {quare
in the centse of the city, the public
buildings, axe magnificent. There ‘are
29 cathedrals and churches, and 22'con-
vents, of the riches of which an idea
may be farmed from the revenues of the
grand cathedsal amounting to 80,a00l. a
year, af which the atchbithop has 25,0001.
MEX
There is alfo a tribunal of the inquifi.
tion, a mint, and a univerfity. The
goldimiths hese are immentely rich, and
st carries On a great trade to Europe by
St. Juan de Ulhya, and to Afta by Aca-
pulco. This place was overflowed bY
an inundation in Oftober 1629, in whic
40,000 perions were drowned, This
obliged the Spaniards to make a Dap
conduit through a mountain, in order to
empty the lake; which belng done,’ part
of the town became feated on dry land.
Mexico is fupplicd with frei water by an
aqueduct thee miles Jong. It is 200
miles ENE of St. Juan de Ulhua, and ase
NE of Acapulco. Lon. 100 34 Wy, lat.
20 2 Ne
Mexico, or New SPAIN, an exten-
five country in N America, bounded oa
the N by New Mexico, and on the se
by the ifthmus of Darien, where its
breadth is not more than 60 miles; its
weitern coaft being wafhed by the Pacific
Ocean and the gulf of California, and its
eaftern by the gulf of Mexico and the
Caribbean Sea. It lies between 83 and
z10° Ww lon. and extends from 7 30 to
30 40 N. lat. being 2000 miles long,
and, in its wideft part, to the Ny above
600 broad. In general, it is a moun-
tainous country, intermixed with many
rich vallies; but the higheft mountains
are near the coaft of the Pacific Ocean,
many of which are volcanoes. The
eaftern fhore is a flat country, full of bogs
and moraffes, overflowed in the rainy fea-
fon, which is at the fame time as our
fummer. Although Mexico. is within
the torrid zone, the climate is temperate
and healthy. No country abounds more
with grain, fruits, roots, and vegetables ;
many of them peculiar to the country, or,
at leaft, to America. It is celebrated
for its mines of gold and filver, and has
quaniies ot jafper, porphyry, and exqui-
ite marble. Cochineal is almoft peculiar
to this country; its indigo and cocoa are
{uperior to any in America; and its log-
wood has been long an. important article
of commerce. Among the quadrupeds
are the puma and jaquar, bears, elks,
wolves, deer, &c. ‘The puma and jaquar
have been inaccurately denominated, by
Europeans, lions and tigers; but they
pofleis neither the undaunted courage of
the former, nor the ravenous cruelty of
the latter. The domettic animals of
Europe, particularly horned cattle, have
multiplied here, akmoft with incredible
rapidity. Numbers of thefe having been
fuffered to run wild, now range over the
vat plains, inberds of from 30 to 40,000;
FE Sneha - re lena —— — _
a Ss = = aa —=—==- -= = =
Scan sre 2
Se
2 ee
MEZ
they are killed merely for the fake of
their hides, and the flaughter, at certain
feafons, is fo great, that the ftench of the
careafes, which are left in the field,
would infeé& the air, if large packs of
wild dogs, and vaft flocks of gallinazos,
or American vultures, the moft voracious
of birds, did not inftantly devour them:
thefe hides are annually exported, in vaft
oases to Europe. New Spain is
ivided into the three audiences of Gua-
dalajara, Mexico, and Guatimala; fub-
divided into provinces; the principal of
which, m tak audience, being Guada-
Jajara Proper, Mexico Proper, and Guati-
mala Proper. The whole country is go-
verned by a viceroy, the extent oF whofe
jurifdiion, however, has been wifely
circum{cribed, in the courfe of this cen-
tury, by the erection of the four remote
provinces of Sonora, Cinaloa, Califor-
nia, and New Navarre, into a feparate
governinent.
Mexico, New, a large country of
N America, bounded on the w by the
gulf of California, on the s by New
Spain, on the & by Louifiana, and on
the N by unknown countries, fo that its
ext@t cannot be afcertained.. Great en-
comiums have been lavifhed on the ferti-
lity of its foil, the richne{s of its mines,
and the variety of its valuable products ;
and with refpeét to the favorablenets of
the climate, it may be fufficient to fay,
that this country tes within the tempe-
rate zone. Itis chiefly inhabited by na-
tive Americans, hitherto unfubdued ‘by
the Spaniagds. Santa Fé is the capital.
Mexico, GuLF oF, that part of the
Atlantic Ocean, on the coaft of N Ame-
rica, bounded on the s and w by Mexico,
and on the n by W and E Florida; the
entrance lying to the E, between the s
coaft of E Florida, and the NE point of
Yucatan.
MEYENFELDT, 2 town in the country of
the Grifons, feated on the Rhine, in a
pleafant country, fertile in excellent wine,
15 miles NE of Coire. Lon. 9 36 £,
lat. 47 2N.
MEZIERES, a town of France, in the
department of Ardennes and late province
ot Champagne, with a citadel,’{eated on
the Meufe, 12 miles nw of Sedan, and
427 NE of Paris. Lon. 4 48 £, lat. 49
46 N. :
MeEz1n, a town of France, in the de-.
partment of Lot and Garonne and late
province of Guienne; feated in a coun-
try that abounds in wheat; with vines,
from which is principally made brandy ;
and with the cork-tree, which is fold both
MID
in its natural ftate, and in corks, It jg
nine miles nw of Condom.
M1a, or M1jan, a large’ town of Ja.
an, feated on the s coaft of the ifle of
iphon, with a fortified palace. Lon;
135 40 B» lat. 3§ 50 Ne .
fi1cHa, a cape of Dalmatia, which
advances into the gulf of Venice, gear the
town of Zara.
MICHAEL, ST. the moft fertile and
pulous of the Azores or Weftern Iflands,
ts two pineal harbours are Ponta Del.
gada and Villa Franca: the former is the
capital of the ifland,
lat. 37 47 N.
- MtcHag., St. a borough in Com.
wallj: which has neither market nor fair,
but fends two members to parliament.
It is eight miles sw of St. Columb, and
249 W bys of London. Lon. 4 saw,
lat. 50 23.
MICHAEL, ST. ‘a town of France, in
the department of Meufe and late duchy
of Bar, remarkable for its: hofpital, and
the rich library of a late Benediétine ab-
bey. -It is feated on the Meufe, 20 miles
NE of Bar-le-Duc, and 165 £ of Paris,
Lon. 5 38 £, lat.48 sr N. ,
MICHAEL, St. a feaport of New Spain,
in the province of Guatimala, fe “dona
{mall river, 180 miles se of N Suati-
mala, Lon.87 45 Ww; lat. 32
MICHAEL, ST. a tewn of Peru; in the
provinceof Quito. It was the firft Spanih
colony in Peru, and is feated near the
mouth of the Piura, 225 miles s by w
of Quito, Lon, 80 50 w, lat. § os.
MICHAEL DE [parRa, ST. a town
of Peru, in the province of Quito, 69
miles Nz of Quito.
ICHAEL, GULF oF ST. to the £
of Panama, that part of the Pacific Ocean,
which was firft difcovered by the Spani-
ards, after their march acrofs the ifthmus
of Darien. -
MicHELomta, a country ‘of Proffia,
which is part of the circle‘of Culm, and
feparated front the other part by the river
Dribenta. It takes its name from the
caftle of Michelow.
MICHIGAN, a confiderable lake of N
America, ‘whole Nz extremity communi-
cates with the Nw end of Lake Huron, by
Lon. 25 42 Wy
the ftrait of MichiHimackinac.” *
MICHILLIMACKINAC,@ ftrait' of N
America, which ynites the likes Michi-
gan and Huron, ‘and ‘lies in 85° w lon.
and 46° N lat; ° - seam
MIDDLEBURG, a large and* ftrong
commercial city of the United: Provincés,
capital of the ihand of Walcheren, ‘and of
all Zealand, -* The ‘fqvares and publig
rks, It ig
wn of Ja.
the ifle sz
ce. Lon;
tia, which
Py Ucar the
ertile and
mn Iflands,
‘onta Del.
mer is the
25 42 Ww,
in Com.
nor fair,
rliament,
umb, and
+ 53 .W,
rance, in
ite duchy
ital, and
tine ab.
20 miles
f Paris,
w Spain,
“dona
suati-
¢ in the
Spanith
hear the
Ss byw
thong
Proffia,
$
e river
bm the
p of N
muni-
n, by
of N
ichi-
lon.
ftrong
incés,
nd of
Bublig
MID MIL
uuildings are magnificent. The Dutch New Yorks Middletown is 39 miles sw
took it trom the Spaniards, in 1574, after of New York, and 50 x by N of ‘I'renton,
a fiege of 22 months. The inhabitants =MippLewicn, a town in Chethire,
are computed at 26,000, The harbour with a marketon Tuelday. It is teated
js large and commodious, and has a com- on the Croke, and noted for its (alt-pits,
munication with the fea > gga which and making fine falt. It is 24 miles £
will bear. the largeft veilels. .It is 20 of Cheftery and 167 Nw of London. Lon,
miles NE of Bruges, 30 Nw of Ghent, 2 30w, lat. 53 13,
and 72 sw’ of ftesdam. Lon. 339 | Muipunursrt, a borough in Suftex, with
g, lat. 51 32.N, . a market on Thurfday, It fends two
MiDDLEBURG, a town of Dutch Flan- members to parliament, and is teated on
ders, which belongs to the prince of the Arun, xt miles n by z of Chichef.
Ifenghein. It is five miles sz of Sluys. ter, and so w by s of Londen. Lone
Lon. 3 26 8. lat. 51 15 N. 46 Ww, lat. st oN. ise
MippLeByrRG. See EAoowek, MIECHAU, or MIEZAVA, a town
MIDDLEHAM, a town in the N riding Poland, in Cujavia, feated on the Viftula,
of Yorkfhire, with a market on Monday, 10 miles s by & of Thom. Lon, 18 46
feated on the Ure, 10 miles s of Rich- £,.:lat. 52.58 N. .
mond, and 255 NNW of London, Lon. MILAN, a city of Italy, capital of a
137W, lat. 54 17 Ne 4s duchy of the fame name. It was the an-
MIDDLESEX, a county of England, cient capital of Lombardy, and although
bounded..on the N by. Hertfordfhire, on it is thought rather to exceed Naples ia
the z by Effex, on the s by Surry and fize, it does not contain above’half the
Kent, and on the w by Buckinghamfhire. number of inhabitants. It is feated ina
It is the leait county in England, except delightful plain, between the rivers Adda
Rutlandfhire, being only 22 miles from £ and Tefin; is 10 miles in circumference,
to w, and 37 from N to 8; but it is far and called by the Italians, Milan the
the richeft. It contains 126 parifhes, Great. It contains many fine palaces,
befide London, and four market-towns, but that of the goversor is the moft mag.
and fends eight members to parliament. nificent; anda great number of churches,
The air is healthy; but the foil, in ge- convents, hofpitals, and fchools. The
neral, being gravelly, it is not naturally cathedral is in the centre of the city, and
fertile; though, by means of the vicinity next to St: Peter's, at Rome, is the moft
to the metropolis, many parts of it are confiderable in Italy. ‘The number of
converted into rich beds of manure, ftatutes, within and without, is prodigi-
clothed with almoft perpetual verdure. ous; they are all of marble, and many of
“There are ftill, however, very extenfive them finely wrought. This vat fabric,
traéts of uncultivated heath. Befide the which the Milanefe call the eighth wonder
Thames, the Lea, and the Coln, which ofthe world, is entirely built of folid white
are its boundaries to the s; the sz, and marble, and fupported by s0 columns.
the w, Middlefex is watered by feveral From the roof hangs a cafe of cryital, in-
fmall ttreams; one of which called the clofing a nail, which, they fay, is one,of
New River, is artificially brought from thofe by which our Saviour w.:s fixed to
Amwell, in Heyts, for the purpofe of the crofs. ‘The treatury belonging to
fupplying London with water. this church is reckoned the richeit in
MIDDLESEX, a county of N America, Italy, next to that of Loretto. The
in the {tate of Connecticut, which, with eh of St. Ambrofe has a library,
the county of Tolland, has been recently which,.befides a prodigious number of
formed fom that of Hartford. Middle- manuf{cripts, contains 45,000 printed
ton and Haddam are the county towns. __ books ; and its juperb gallery is adorned
MIDDLETON, a commercial town of with rich paintings.. Milan has confider-
N America, in the ftate of Connecticut, able commerce in grain (elpecially rice)
Seated on the river Connecticut, 15 miles cattle, and cheefe; and has manufactures
s of Hartford. It is one of the county- of filk and velvet ftuffs, ftockings, hand-
‘towns of Middiefex. kerchiefs, ribands, gold and tfilver lace
MIDDLETOWN, a town of N America, andembroideries, woollen and linen cloths,
in the ftate of New Jerfey, and adjoining glafs, and earthenware in imitation of
Shrewfbury, in the county of Monmouth. China. It has been feveral times taken
Sandy Hook (fo called from its fhape and in the wars that have defolated Italy ; the
foil) is included in this townfhip. On laft time by the French, in June 1796.
the point of the Hook ftands the light- It is the fee of an archbithop; and is 70
houte, soo feet high, built by the city. of miles N.gf Genoa, 72,%¢ of Turin, and
MIL MIL
"45 NW uf Florence. Loh. 9 16 8, Jat. It branches off into fo many creeks,
45 28N. fecured from al] winds, that. it is ey.
‘MILAN, or MILANESE, a duchy of teenied tne fafeft and moft capacious
Jealy, 350 miles long and 78 broad; harbour in Great Britain; but its remote
bounded on the n by Swifferland and the fituation greatly impairs its utility. At
country of the Grifons, on the EB by the the entrance, on the w point, called Se,
republic of Venice and the duchies of Ann's, is an old lighthoufe and a block.
Parma and Mantua, on the s by the houle. Here the ear) of Richmond, af.
duchy of Parma and the territory of terward Henry vu, landed, on his enter.
Genoa, and on the w by Piedmort and prife againit Richard m1. A_ packet.
Montterrat. The foil is every’ where boat fails from hence every day, exept
fertile in corn, wine, fruits, rice, and Tuefday, for Watertord,’in Ireland. —
elives. The rivers are the Secchiay Te- MILIANE, a town of the ttate of AJ.
fin, Adda, and Oglio;. and it has feveral ziers, in Fremeieny with a cattle. It is
Jakes, the principal of which are thofe of ‘cated in a country fertile. in’ oranges,
Maggiore, Como, ard Lugano, This citrons, and other truits, the beit in al]
country having formerly been poffeffed by Barbary. Lon.2 358, lat. 35°15 N.
the French, next by the. Spaniards, ay’! MILHAUD, a town of France, in the
afterward by the Germans, the troops of departinent of Aveiron and’ late: pravince
thofe nations have produced a ftyle of of Rouergue. It was difmantled in 1629,
manners, and ftamped a charaéter, in the dnd is feated on the Tarn, 50 miles Nw
inhabitants of this duchy, different from of Montpellier, and 143 s of Paris,
what prevuils in any other part of Italy; Lon. 3 4 8, lat.4g gn.
and nice obfervers imagine they perceive . Mrxo, an ifland of the Archipelago,
in the manners of the Milanefe, the po- 50 miles:in ci:cumference, with one of
litenefs, formality, and honeft re et the bet and larget harbours in dhe Medi-
to thofe three nations, blended with the ‘erranean. It prodw-.es excellent fruits
natural ingeruity of the Italians. ‘This and wine; abounds in véry good cattle,
duchy is fubje& to the houfe of Auftria, efpecially: in goats ;. and ‘has omines. of
and governed bya german nobleman, re. irom andifulphur. In the {pring the
fident at Milan, under the character of fields areenamelled with anemonies of all
minifter from Vienna. forts. In this ifland are curious’ {ubter-
MILAzZO; a ftrong feaporttof Sicily; ranean galleries, formed of ancient ftone
in the Val-di-Demona. Itis divided into quarries; ‘Fhe walls on each nde, which
the upper and lower town; the upper is are.fix feet high, are covered with alum,
very ftrong, and .the lower has a-fine formed by the fpentaneous operations of
{quare, with a fuperb fountain. It is mature. It is the fine and genuine capil-
feated on a rock, on the w fide of a bay lary or plume.alum. This: beautiful
of the fame name, 13 miles w of Meffinas fubftance, which is here fourd in a ftate
Lon.15 34, lat.38 12N. |; of cryftallization, rifes im*threads or
MILBORN-PORT, a borough in So- fibres like thofe of a feather, avhence it
mertiethhire, which has no market, but derives its name. Here are two bifhops;
fends two members to parliament. It is one of the Greek, and the other of the
feated on a branch of the Parret, two Latin church: On E the fide of the ifland
miles E by N of Sherbern, and 115 w by isa town of the fame name, whi; con-
sof London. Lon. 2 38 w, lat.s50 53.N. tains 5500 inhabitants. It is be mils
MILDENHALL, a populous town in N of Candia. Lon. 256, lat. 36 41 N.
Suffolk, with a market on Friday. It is MILTENBERG, a town of Franconia,
feated on the Larke, a branch of the Gufe, in the électorate of Mentz, feated on the
13 miles N by £ of Newmarket, and 69 Maine, 20 miles se of Afchaffenburg.
NNE of London. Lon.o 268, lat.s52 Lon. 9 19 8, lat.49 46N.
29.N. MiLrHorP, a village in Weftmorland,
MILEro, an ancient town of Naples, feated on a river, near the mouth of the
in Calabria Ulteriore, with a bifhop’s Ken, five miles s.of Kendal. As the
fee, five miles from Nicotera, navigation of the Ken is-obftracted by a
MILFORD, a town of N America, in catarattnear its mouth, Milthorp is the
the ftate of Delaware, and county of only port in'the county; and hence the
Suifex, feated at the fource of a imal! fine Weftmorland fiates are exported to
river, 15 miles from the bay of Delaware, Liverpool, Loudon, Hull, &c.
and 150 S of Philadelphia. MiztTow, a town in Kent, with a
Mitrorp HAavEN, a deep inlet of the market on Saturday. It is feated on the
Ivith Sea, on the coaft of Perabyokethire. © branch.of the Medway, and noted for
excell
Maid
o 525
Mi
of G
quee
treeve
towns
vith
defer
My
fhire,
famo
king
Goth
Dore
Lon.
M
the
of L
Bara
theE
Mi]
ine
aie
by a
mou
vallie
black
hills
Any creeks,
Bt at is ef.
Capacious
its remote
tility. At
b called S¢,
da block.
moud, af.
his enter.
& packet.
ay, Expr
Teland, —
kate of Al.
ttle. = It is
’ OFanges
bett in’all
5 ASN.
BC, in the
e: province
Hin 3629,
miles Nw
ot Paris,
hipelago,
th one of
the Medi.
ent fruits
od cattle,
thines. of
ingy the
ies of all
8 {ubter.
lent ‘ftone
le, which
ith ahm,
ations of
ne capil-
beautiful
na ftate
eads or
bh it
ithops ;
of the
he ifland
‘f. Cone
© miles
6 41 N,
Nconia,
on the
snburg.
orland,
of the
As the
d by a
) is the
ice the
ted to
vith a
on the
ed for
MIN
It is 14 miles Ne of
excellent oyfters.
Lon.
Maidftone, and 42 E£ of London.
0 §28, lat. §51:22N.
MILTON, a town in Kent, one mile z£
of Gravelend, incorporated with it, by
queen Elifabeth, by the name of the por-
treeve, jurats, and inhabitants of the
towns of Gravefend and Milton. Henry
vith raed a blockhoule. here, for the
defence of Gravetend.
MriLtron ABBEY, a town in Dorfet-
fhire, with a market on Tueiday. It is
famous for a ruinous abbey, built by
king Athelftan, and for a magnificent
Gothic church. It is 14 miles NE of
Dorchefter, and 112 w-by s of London.
Lon. 2 32 W; lat. 50 50 Ni
Mi1NCH, a great found, or channel, on
the w coat of Scotland. It hasthe iflands
of Lewis and Harris, N and S Ulit, and
Bara, on the w; and the ifle of Skye on
the E.
MINDANOA, the largeft of the Philip-
pine Iflands, next to Luconia. It is 180
miles long and 120 broad, and is governed
by a fultan, who is abfolute. It is a
mountainous country, full of hills and.
vallies; and the mould is generally deep,
black, and fruitful. The fides of the
hills and vallies are ftony, and yet there
are tall trees, of kinds not known in Eu-
rope; fome of the mountains yield very
good gold, and the vallies.are well watered
with rivulets. The libby-trees produce
the fago, which the poor people eat in-
ftead of bread, three or four months in
the year. It produces all forts of fruit,
proper to the climate, befide plenty of rice.
Here are horfes, beeves, butfaloes, hogs,
gpats, deer, mionkies, guanas, bats ot a
arge fize, lizards, and fnakes ; alfo ducks,
hen:, pigeons, parrots, parroquets, and
turtle-doves, befide many fmall birds.
The air is temperate ; and the winds are
tafterly ong part of the year, and wefterly
the other: while the former blow, it is
fair weather; but while the latter, it is
rainy, ftormy, and tempeftuous. The
inhabitants are of a mean low ftature,
with dmall limbs and little heads. Their
faces are oval, with flat foreheads, black
{mall eyes, fhort: low nofes, and pratty
large mouths, Their hair is blac
ftraight, and their complexion tawny,
but more inclined:to yellow than that of
other Indians. The chief tradc: are
goldimiths, blackfmiths, and carpenters,
and they can build pretty good vefiels for
the fe, The fultan has aqucer, befide
20 other, women, and all the. men have
feveral: wives; for their religion is Ma-
hometanifin.: Thein-houles are built. on
and,
MIN
potts, from 14 to 20 feet high; and they
have ladders to go up out of the ftreets s
they have but one floor, which is divided
into feveral rcoms, and the roofs are co-
vered with palmeto leaves. The capital
is a large city, of the fame name, feated
on the & fide of theifland. Lon. 125 ow,
lat.6 ON,
MINDELHEIM, a town of ia, with
acaftle. It is the capital of a fmalt ter-
ritory between the rivers Iller ahd Lech,
f{ubject to the houfe of Bavarid. It was
taken by the Auftrians after the battle of
Blenheim, who ereéted it into a princi-
pality in favour of the duke of Marlbo-
eve but it returned to the houte of
Bavaria, by the treaty of Raftadt. Is
is 30 miles se of Ulm. Lon. 10 43 Ey
lat. 48 3.N.
MINDEN, a town of Weftphalia, capital
of a territory of the fame name. Near
this town prince Ferdinand of Brun{wick.
defeated the French, in 1759. It is fub-
jet to the king of Pruffia, and is feated
on the Weler, 27 miles 2 by s of Oina-
burg, and 37 wot Hanover. Lon. g 5 i»:
lat..52 22 N.
MinporA, oneof the Philippine Iflands,
so miles in circumferenee, feparated from
Luconia by a narrow channel. It. is full
of mountains, which abound in palm-
trees, and all forts of fruit. The-inhabi-~
tants are pagans, and pay tribute to the
Spaniards.
MINENEAD, 2 bosough in Somerfet-
fhire, with a market on Wednefday. It
has a good harbour on the Briftel Chan-
nel, for fhips of large burden: and car
ries:‘on a confiderable trade in wool, ccal,
and herrings. It fends two members to
parliament, and is 41 miles N of Exeter,
and 161 w by $s of London. Lon. 3 34
Wy lat. 5x 12 N,
MINGRELIA, a province of Afia,
which makes. part of Georgia; bounded
on the w by the Black Sea, on the 28 by
Imeritia, on. the s by a part of Geor-
gia, and on the N by Circafha. It is
goverked by a prince, who is tributary
to the fovereign. of Imeritia. The face
of this country, its products, and the
cuftoms and manners of the inhabitants,
are fimilar to thoie of Georgia,
MNO, a river of Spain, which rifes
in Galicia, near Caftro del Rey, and.
paffin;, “y Lugo, Ortenfe, and Tey, it
then di. ades Galicia from Poptugal, and:
falls. into. the Atlantic: Ocean, at Cae
minha:
MintaTo, St. an epifcopal town of?
Tufcany, eated on the Arno, 20 miles sw°
of Florence. Loms 20 45 bp: lat, 43 gone.
MIR MIS
* Mrnorsrno, atownof Naples,in Ter- Mrikanpa-b8-ExRo, a town of Spain,
radi Bari, with a bithop’s fee, 26 miles Nin Old Caftile, with a ftrong cafise. It
ef Cirenza. Lon. 16 19 £, lat.41 8N: is feated in acountry that produces excel-
MINORCA, an ifland of the Mediter- lent wine, on the river Ebro, over which
ranean, lying go miles to the Nz of Ma- ig a bridge, 34 miles s of Bilboa, and
forca. It is 30 miles in length, and 12 160 N of Madrid. Lon.3 109 w, lat. 4
i breadth; and is a mountainots country, 49 N.
with fome fruitful vallies, where there MIRAND®F, a town of Frahee, in the
. are exccilent mules. Cittadella is the department of Gers, and late province of
capital ; but the town of Mahon claims Gafcony, feated on an eminence, near
greater confequence, on account of its the river Baife; Wool, down, and the
excellent harbour, called Port Mahon, feathers of geefe, dre its principal arti:
which is defended by Fort St. Philip, cles of commerce. Itis 15 miles sW of
one of the ftrongett fortreffes in Europe, Auch, and 340 sw of Paris. Lon. 0 26
and on the fate of which the whole ifland &, lat. 43 30N.
depends. Minorca was taken by the © Mrranpozra, a town of Italy, capital
Englith in 1708, and confirmed to them of a duchy of the fame name, with a
by the treaty of Utreclit. The French ftrong citadel and a fort. It is fubje&
took it in 17563 but it was reftored in. to the houfe of Auftria, und 20 miles ne
2763. It was retaken by the Spaniards of Modena. Lon.11 198, lat. 44 52 N,
in 1782,'and confirmed to them by the . MrreBEAu, a town of France, in the
peace of 1783, Port Mahon lies in lon. department of Vienne and late province
3. 48E, lat. 39 soN. of Poitou, famous for the beauty and
Minor}, a iown of Naples, in Prin- ftrength of the affes which its environs
cipato Citeriore, with a bifhop’s fee. It produce. It is 16 miles Nn of Poitiers,
is feated on the gulf of Salerno, between and 175 sw of Paris.
the town of that name and Amalfi. MIRECOURT, a town of France, in
- MINSINGEN, atown of Suabia, inthe the department of the Vofges and late
duchy of Wirtemburg, with a cattle. pe of Lorrain, famous for its vio-
Lon. 9 35 Fs lat. 48 32.N. i
ins and fine lace. It is' feated on the
Minsk1, a town of Lithuania, capital river Modon, 27 miles $s of Nanci, and
of.a palatigate of the fame name, with 30 sz of Toul. Lon.6 4&, lat. 48 15N.
two citadels. The country is pretty © MrREMONT, a town of France, in the
fertile, and has forefts containing vaft department of Dordogne and late pro-
mumbers ef bees, whofe honey makes vince of Perigord. Near it, is a remark-
part of its riches. Minfki is 65 miles able cavern, called Clufeau. - It is feated
WN of Sluczk, and 100 SE of Wilna. Lon. near the river Vizere, 15 miles £ of Ber-
26 48 £, lat. 54 11 N. gerac.
. Miouans, a fortrefs of France, in the MIREPOIX, a town of France, in the
department of the Lower Alps and late department of the Upper Pyrenees and’
province of Provence. It is feated on a late province of Bigorre. It was lately
craggy rock,. in the valley of Barcelo- an epifcopal town, and is feated on the
netta, fix miles NE of Montinelian. Lon. Gers, 1é miles n of Foix. '
6 208, lat. 45 35 N. MisENO, a cape of Italy, w of the
Mioss, a lake of Norway, inthe pro- bay of Naples, between Puzzoli and Cu-
vince of Hedemarke, 80 miles incircum- ma. On it are the ruins of the ancient
ference. . It is divided by a large penin- Mifenum.
fula, and contains a fertile ifland 10 miles MISERDEN, a village in Gloucefter.
an circumference. fhire, fix miles Nw of Cirencefter. Here
MiQuegLon, a fmall defert ifland, sw isa park, feven miles in circumference,
of Cape May in Newfoundland, ceded’to” in a valley of which is a mount of cir-
the French by the peace of 1763, for cular form, now overgrown with trees.
drying and curing their fith. ‘They were This was the fite of an ancient caftle,
diipofleffed of it by the Englifh in 1793. built in the reign of king John § and part
Lon. 56 10 W, lat. 46 42 N. of the moat, which encompaffed the build-
MiRganDA-DE-Dovero, a fortified ing, is ftill to be feen. a
town of Portugal, capital of the province © Misrrra, acelebrated town of Greece,
of Tra-los-Montes, with a bifhop’s fees capital of the Morea, with a Greek arch-
Tt is feated ona rock, near the confluence bifhop’s fee, and’a caftle. It is divided
of the Douero and Frefna, 37 miles Nw into four parts, the caftle,.the town, and
of Salamanca, and 208 w by E of Lifbon. two large fuburbs; The church is -one
Lon. 6 oW, lat. 43 40 Ns of the -fAnéft in the. world, and the Turks -
6
tat
of Spain,
afise. It
ces excel.
yer which
lboa, and
£ lat. 42
ey in the
ovince of
Icey Near
and the
pal arti:
es SW of
ON, 0 26
'» Capital
with a
3 fubjed
miles NE
14 52,
'y in the
Province
uty and
environs
Poitiers,
nce, in
ind late
its vio.
on the
ci, and
8 ISN,
» in the
te pro-
emark.
3 feated
of Ber-
in the
eS and
s lately
on the
of the
nd Cu-
Ancient
cefter-
Here
rence,
pf cir.
trees.
cattle,
d part
build-
reece,
arch-
ivided
» and
$ -one
urke -
MOC
have turned it into a mofque, near which
js a magnificent hofpital. There is a
great number of Chriftians, and fo many
ews, that they have three fynagogues.
I was taken by the Venetians in 1687;
but the Turks retook it. It is feated on
the Vafilipotamo, 100 miles sw of Athens,
and go N'by E of Lepanto. Lon. 22 30
gE, lat. 37-6 N.
Misnia. See MEISSEN.
Mississippi, a river of N America,
which receives the waters of the Ohio and
and Illinois from the £, and of the
Miffouri, and other rivers, from the w.
Its fource is unknown; but its length, to
its entrance into the gulf of Mexico, is
fuppofed to be upward of 3000 miles.
It is the & boundary of Louifiana. In
this river, in lat. 44 30 N, are the falls
ef St. Anthony, where the ftream, more
than 250 yards wide, falls perpendicu-
larly about 30 feet. ;
. Missouri, a river of N America,
who‘e fource is unknown. It joins the
Miffifippi in lat. 39°N, but is a longer,
broader, and deeper river, and is, in fact,
the principal ftream. It has been af-
cended by the French traders upward of
1209 miles, and from its depth and
breadth at that diftance, appeared to be
navigable much higher.
' Mitcuam, a village in Surry, eight
miles sw of London. It is feated on the
Wandle, on which are fome {nuff-mills,
and two calico-printing manufactures.
MirTAau, a ftrong town, the capital
of Courland, remarkable for its large
ducal palace. It is feated on the Bolde-
rau, 45 miles 8 of Goldingen, and 270 NNE
of Warlaw. Lon. 23 50 &, lat. 56.40 N.
Mocua, or Moka, a confiderable
town of Arabia Felix, fiwrounded by
walls. It carries on a great trade, efpe-
cially in coffee; and the inhabitants are
computed -at 10,000, withou: including
the poor Armenians, or the Jews, who
inhabit the fuburbs. The women, OX-
cept a {mall number of the common fort,
never, appear in the ftreets in the day
time, but vifit each other in the evening.
When they meet any men in the way,
they ftand clofe up againft the wall to let
them pats. Their drefs is. much like
that of opher women of the Eaft, and
over all they wear a large veil of painted
calico, fo thin that they can fee through
it without being feen. They have alfo
little bufkins of Morocco leather. Mo-
cha is feated in a fandy country, near the
ftraits of Babelmandel, 240 miles ssw of
Sanaa, and 560 ssk of Mecca, Lon, 44
25 by lat. tg an,
MOG
Mopsury, a town in Devonfhire,
with a market on Thurfday. It is feated
in a bottom, between two hills, 36 miles
ssw of Exeter, and 208 wsw of London
Lon. 3 54 Wy lat. 50 23 N.
MopENA, an ancient city of Italy,
capital of the Modenefe, with a bithop’s
fee. The cathedral, feveral of th.
churches, and fome of the monafteries ave
handfome ftru&tures; and the ducal pa.
lace is richly furnifhed, and contains fine
paintings. The citadel is very regular,
but has been often taken, particularly by
the king of Sardinia in 1742. The ia-
habitants are faid to be 40,000; and they
make here the beft matks for mafquerades
inall Italy. It is feated between the rivers
Secchia and Panaro, 22 miles w by N of
Bologna, 348 by £ of Mantua, and 60
NNw of Florence. Lon. 11 o8, lat. 4
34.N.
MopeENA, or MODENESE, a duchy of
Italy, bounded on the w by that of Par-
ma, on the n by the duchies of Mantua
and Mirandola, on the g£ by the Bolog-
nefe and Ferrarefe, and on the s by Tuf-
cany and the republic of Lucca. It is
50 miles in length and 40 in breadth;
and the foil is very fertile in corn, wine,
oil, and fruits of different kinds. It allo
feeds a great number of cattle.
. Monica, a town of Sicily, on a river
of the fame name, 25 miles sw of Syra-
cufe. Lon.1g§ 9 £, lat. 36 48 N.
Mopovw, a ftrong town of the Morea,
with a fafe harbour, and a bifhop’s fee.
It is feated on a promontory, projecting
int the fea of Sapienza, 15 miles E of
Co; ind 95 sw of Napoli-di-Roma-
nia. Lon.21 468, lat. 36 56N.
Mopzirk, 2 town of Lithuania, capiral
of a diftritt of the fame name. It is
feated on the river Prypec, in a fertile
country, 85 miles sz of Sluczk. Lon.
29 10K, lat. 52. 9N.
MoFFatT, a town in Dumfriesthire,
near the river Annan. It las a manufac-
ture of coarfe woollen ftuffs; and its
mineral fprings attract much genteel
company. It is 20 miles N by kg of
Dumtries.
Morrat Hrxvs, the higheft moun.
tains in the $ of Scotland. ‘They occup
the N part of Annandale ; and trom thefe
deicend, in different direétions, the Tweed,
Clyde, and Annan, whofe fources are
but little diftant from each other.
Mocapor, an ifland and caftle of
Africa, in the kingdom of Morocco, near
Cape Ozem. ‘There are mines of’ gold
and filver in one of the mountains. Lon.
9.55 We late 32 38.
MOG
MocvuLs, Country OF THE, or
WesrerN CHINESE TartTary, is
bounded on the N by Siberia, on the £
by Eattern Tartary, on the s by the great
Wall and Leao-tong, and on the w by
Independent Tartary. ‘The Mogul Tar-
tars have neither towns, villages, nor
houfes: they form themfelves only into
wandering hordes, and live under tents,
which they traniport from one place to
another, according as the temperature of
the different feafons, or the wants of
their flocks require: they pafs the fum-
mer on the banks of their rivers, and the
winter at the foot of fome mountain, or
hill, which thelters them from the cutting
N wind. They are naturally clownith,
and dirty in their drefs, as well as in
their tents, where they live amid the
dung of their flocks, which when dried,
they ufe for fuel inftead of wood. Ene-
mies to labour, they choofe rather to be
fatisfied with the food with which their
flocks fupply them, than take the trouble
of cultivating the earth: it even appears
that they negle& agriculture from pride.
During the {ummer, they live only on
milk, which they get from their flocks,
ufing without diftinétion that of the cow,
mare, ewe, goat, and camel. Their or-
dinary drink is warm water, in which a
little coarfe tea has been infufed ; with
this they mix cream, milk, or butter,
according to their circumftances. They
have allo a method of making a kind of
fpirituous liquor of four milk, efpecially
ef that of the mare. The Moguls are
tree, open and fincere. They pride them-
felves chiefly on their dexterity in hand-
png the bow and arrow, mounting on
orteback, and hunting wild beafts. Po-
lygainy is permitted among them; but
taey generally have only one wife. They
burn the bodies of their dead, and trant-
port the afhes to eminences, where they
inter them, and cover the grave with a
heap of ftones, over which they plant a
great number of {inall ftandards. They
are unacquainted with the ufe of money,
and trade only by barter. Although the
Moguls might appropriate to themielves
the tpoils of a great number of animals,
the fkins which they ufe for clothing are
generally thofe of their flieep. ‘They
wear the wool inmoft, and the {kin on the
outfide. The religion of the Mogul
Tartars is confined to the worfhip of Fo.
They have the mott fuperftitious venera-
tion for their lamas, who are clownith,
sgrarant, and licentious pricits, to whom
they attribute the power of calling down
hail or rain: to thete lamas they give the
9
MOH
moft valuable of their ¢ffeéts in return for
prayers, which they go about recitin
from tent to tent. ‘Thefe people are very
devout, and continually wear hanging at
their necks a kind of chaplet; over which
they fay their prayers. All the Moguls
are governed by kans, or particular
princes, independent of each other; but
all fubjeé&t to the emperor of China,
whom they confider as the grand kan of
the Tartars. When the Mantchews fub-
dued China, they conferred on the moft
powerful of the Mogui princes the titles
of vang, peilé, peizé, and cong, which
anf{wer to our titles of king, duke, count,
and marquis ; each of them had a revenue
affigned him, but far inferior to the ap-
pointménts of the Mantchew lords at
Peking: the emperor fettled the limits of
their refpeétive territeries, and appointed
them laws, according to which they are
at prefent governed. All the Mogul na-
tions under the Chinefé government, may
be divided into four principal tribes,
which are the Moguls, properly fo called,
the Kalkas, the Ortous, and the Tartars
of Kokonor.
MOou#atzZ, a town of Lower Hungary,
in the county of Baraniwar, feated at the
confluence of the Danube and Coraffe, 17
miles Nw of Effeck. Lon.1g 568, lat.
45 46N. ;
Monawk River, ariver of N Ame.
rica, which rifes to the N of Fort Stan-
wix, in the ftate of New York, paffes
by that fort and Skeneftady, and emptics
itielf, by two mouths, into Hudion's
River, eight miles above Albany. About
two miles above its junétion with that
river it has a cataraét, where the ftream,
too yards wide, falls perpendicularly
about 70 feet.
Mounawks, a once powerful tribe of
Indians, in N America, living on the
Mohawks River. Only one family are
left of them in the ftate of New York, the
relt having, in 1776, emigrated, with
fir John Johnfon, into Canada.
MOHILLA, or MoHitta, one of the
Comora Iflands, between the n end of
Madagafcur and the continent of Africa.
The inland parts are mountainous and
woody, and there aré villages fcattered
here and there, whofe houfes are made of
reeds and ftraw. The people are blacks,
with great heads, large lips, flat nofes,
fharp chins, arid ftrong limbs. They go
quite naked, except only a few leaves.
Their tkins are cut and pricked, {0 as to
make feveral figures on all parts of their
bodies.- Seme of the inhabitants are
Mahometants, who have a few wretched
mofqu
out, an
abound
goats,
melion
birds,
Europ¢
peas,
orange
cucum
‘There
rafs %
aes 4
Mo}
fian ex
bered
Mo
ania, 1
fame ni
and is
s of O
Mol
in the
vince o
com 2
near thi
Europe
bounde
it is al:
efter;
se by
from v
on the
by T:
other
Molda
rich,
which
and. fh
honey,
and.fo
hofpoc
signi
ot the
rinci
. Mc
from}
objedl
lake «
ef Be
M
to D
Hill,
nity,
Hence
eturn for
reciting
, are very
nging at
er which
Moguls
articular
her; but
China,
d kan of
ews fub-
the moft
he titles
ty which
fe, Count,
. revenue
the ap-
lords at
limits of
ppointed
they are
ogul na-
nt, may
tribes,
o called,
‘Tartars
ungary
d at 4
rafle, 17
DE, lat.
Ame.
't Stan.
) paffes
empties
udion's
About
h that
ftream,
cularly
tribe of
on the
ily are
rk, the
? with
of the
nd of
Africa.
s and
attered
ade of
blacks,
nofes,
fo
eaves.
b as to
F their
S are
etched
MOL
mofques, ‘built of wéod and ftraw with-
out, and matted neatly within. This ifland
abounds in animals, fuch as buffaloes,
goats, tortoifes, hens, large bats, and ca-
melions; and here are a great number of
birds, whofe names are not known in
Europe. It produces plenty of rice,
peas, honey, cocoa-nuts, plantains;
oranges, lemons, citrons, pineapples,
cucumbers, tamarinds, and fugar-canes.
‘There are feveral fine ftreams, and the
rafs and trees are green, all the year
Tans 45 OF, lat.11 555..,
MOHILEF, a government of the Ruf-
fian empire, part of Lithuania, difmem-
bered trom Poland, in 1772.
MOHILEF, a populous town of J.ithu-
ania, in the Ruffian government of the
fame name. It has a confiderable trade,
and is feated on the Dnieper, 35 miles
s of Ortza. Lon.31 28, lat. 54.15 N-
MOISSAC, an ancient town of France,
in the department of Lot and late pro-
vince of Querci, It has a great trade in
com and flour, and is feated on the Tarn,
near the Garonne, 13 miles NW of Moat-
auban. Lon.1 17£, lat..446N.
Mo.a, an ancient town of Naples, in
Terra di Bari, feated on the gulf of Ve-
nice, 14. miles £.of Bari.
MoLD, a town in Flinthhire, where the
afizesareheld. It is five miles s of Flint.
MoLpavia, a-province of Turkey in
Europe, 270 miles long and 210 broad;
bounded on the N by Poland, from which
it is alfo divided on the ve by the Dni-
efter; on the E by New Ruflia; on the
se by Beffarabia; on the s by Bulgaria,
from which it is parted by the Danube;
on the sw by Walachia; and on the w
by Tranfylvania and Hungary. The
other principal rivers are the Pruth,
Moldau, and Bardalach. The foil is
rich, and it abounds in good pattures,
which feed a great number of hories, oxen,
and fheep: it alfo produces corn, pulle,
honey, wax, fruits, with plenty of game
and.towls. The fovereigny, who is ityted
hofpodar, is tributary to the grand
fignior. The inhabitants are Chriftians
of the Greek church, and Jafly is the
principal town. .-
Mo.e, a mountain of Savoy, which,
from its height ‘and fine floping peak, is an
object of great beauty, when ieen from the
lake of Geneva. At its foot is the town
of Bonneville, 20 miles s of-Geneva.
Mo ug, a river in Surry, which runs
to Darkiag, and paffing beneath Box
Hill, is believed to difappear in its vici-
nity, and to rife again near Leatherhead.
Hence it is fuppofed to derive its name:
MOL
but the faét is, that a traét of foft ground,
two mii¢s in length, called the Swallows,
in very dry feafons abforbs the wafte
water in caverne in the fides of the banks ;
but not fo as to prevent a conftant ftream
from flowing in an open channel above
prong. Fhe Mole, proceeding trom
eatherhead to Cobham, enters the
Thames a@ E Moulfey.
Moue St. NicHOLAS.
Las, ST. Af
MOLEN, a ftrong town of Lower Sax-
onys in the duchy of Lawenburg, It
belongs to the city of Lubec, and is feated
on the Stekinefs, 12 miles £ of Lawén-
burg. Lon.10 508, lat. 53 38 N.
MOLFETTA, a town of Naples, in
Terra di Bari, with a bithop’s fee, feated
on the guif of Venice, 10 miles NW of
Bari. Lon. 16 528, lat.41 28N.
MOLrna, a ftrong town of Spain, in
New Caftile, feated on the Gallo, in a
territory abounding in paftures, 35 miles
SE of Siguenza, and 88 ENE of: Madrid.
Lon, 1 53 Ww, lat. 40 50N, ty; .
MoLiIss, a territory of Naples, lying
between Terra-di-Lavora, Abruzzo ‘Ci-
teriore, Capitanata, and Principato Ul-
teriore. It is in the form of a triangle,
whofe fides are 39 miles long; and is'a
mountainov s country,, but; fertile im corn,
wine, faffrc.i, and filk. a,
Mo ise, a town of Naples, eapital
of a territory of the fameiname,: but, not
populcns. It is 50 miles N of: Naples,
on, 14 43 E, lat. 41 36N. re
MOLSHEIM, 2 town of .France,. in the
department of Lower Rhine and late pro-
vince of Alface, feated on the: Brufch,
ro miles w by s of Strafburg, and 228
B of Paris, Lon. 7 358, lat. 48.32 N.
Motuccas, of Spicg IsLanps, a
clufter of iflands in the ,Indian. Ocean,
lying E of Celebes, The principal are
‘Ternate, Amboyna, ‘Tydore, Machian,.
Motyr, and Bachian. They produce
neither corn, rice, not cattle, except
goats ; but they have granges, lemons,
and other fruits; and are moft remark.
able for ipices, efpecially cloves. - They
have large fhakes, which are not veno-
mous; but very dangerous land croco-
diles. The natives are jdolaters; but
there are many Mahometans. They were
difcovered, in 1513, by the Portuguefe,
who formed fome fettlements; but the
Dutch drove them away. See BANDA,
MOLwitT2, a town of Silefia, in the
province of Grothka, remarkable for. a bat.
tle gained by the Proffiaus over, the Auf-
trians in 1741. It is 40 miles+s of
Breflaw. +08 3F 14 By lat. 50 238,
¢
See Nicuo-
MON
MomBaza;s_a town of Africa, with a
citadel,--feated-in an ifland of the “fame
Mame, on the coaft of Zanguebar, 75
miles ‘ssw of Melinda, and fubje& to
Portugal, Hence the Portuguele export
flaves, gold, ivory, riee, Aefh, and other
frovifions, with which they fupply the
fettlements in Brafil. The king of Me-
linda, being a Chriftiah, had 2 quarrel
with the Portuguefe governor, took the
taftle of Mombaza by affault, turned
Mahometan, and musdered al} the Chrif-
tians, in 16415 but, in 1729, the Portu-
guefe became matters of this territory
apam. Lon. 39 30 E; hat. 3 t5 S.
Mona, an idland of Denmark, in the
Baltic, to the'sw of the ifle of Zealand,
from which it 3s feparated by a narrow
channel. Lor. 12 30-8, lat. 55 a0 N.
Monaco, a Small, but liand(ome-town
of Italy, capital of a territory of the fame
name, with & caltle, a citadel, and a good
ete “It ig niaturally very ftrong,
eing feated on a craggy rock that pro-
jects into the fea. Et has its owii prince,
under the protection of France, and is
cgi miles wsw of Vintimigliay and 12
SNE Of Nice.’ Lon. 7 368, hat. 43 48N.
« Monacnmany a county of Ireland, in
ahe province of Ulfter, 32 miles in
Jength and 22 in breadth; bounded on the
W by Tyrone, on the £ by Armagh, on
the se by Loeth, on the sw by Cavan,
and on the w by Fermanagh. It is full
of woods and bogs, and a third part of it
taken up by Lough Earne. It contains
24 pariffies,:and fends four members to
parliament.
Monasrer, an ancient town of Afri-
ca, inthe kingdom of Tunis, feated near
the fea, 76:milés se of Tunis. Lon. i1
GE, lat. 45 5oN: |
MonTcatirer, a town of Italy vin
Piedmont, feated on the Po, five miles
SE Of Turin. -Lon. 7 488, lat. 45 2N.
Moncatvo, a ftrong town of Italy,
“in Montferrat, feated’on, a mountain, 12
miles sw of Cafat, Loli.7 r9&, lat. 45
“30 Nw 7 oM Bee Lb
” SMOncaon,’ or Monzon, 2 towh of
Portugal, in Entre- Dotero-e-Mitiho, with
-- aftrong-caftle. “The Spaniards have often
‘attempted to take it; ‘but in vain. “It is
‘eight’ miles $£ hia G and 26 ’N of
Braga.” Lon. 828 w, lat. 42/8 N.
Moncnasov; @ cityof Afia, in the
kingdom of Burmab, ‘which, in 1755,
was the refidence vf the king. It is 39
miles n of A'va, the prefent capital.
MONGON, of MONZON, a ftrong town
-vof Spailt,: in Afragoén, feated at the con-
Suenct of the Sofa and Cinca, fix miles
6 yr
_Merly had 2 palace,
MON
s of Balbaftro, and so ne of Saragoffa,
Lon. o 28 £, lat. 42 2N.
‘‘MONCONTOUR, a town of France, in
the department of Ifle and Vilaine and
late provinee of Bretagne, 39 miles sw
ef St. Malo. ‘Lon.2 368, lat. 48 r5N.
‘MONDEGO, ariver of Portugal, which
has its fource near Guarda, and crofling
Beira, pafles by Coimbra, and falls into
the Atlantic, near a cape of the fam¢
name,
Monpipv18R, 2 town of J’rance, in the
department of Somme and late province of
Picardy, where the a of France for-
t is feated on
mountaiw, 24 miles sz of Amiens, and
57 N of Paris. Lon. 2 34 wy hit. qo
39 N .
MONDONNEDO, a town ef Spain, in
Galicia, with a bithen’s fee. It ts feated
ina fertile country, on a fail river, 6¢
miles NE of Compoftella. Len. 7 10 w,
fat..43 GON.
MONDOUVSBLEAU, a‘town of France,
im the department of Loir and Cher and
late province of Blafois, with a cattle, 14
miles nN of Vendéme. Be
Monpovy, the largeft and moft popu
lous town of ae with ‘a citadel, 2
univerfity, and a bifhop’s fee. It was
taken by the French in April1796. I:
is feated on a’ mountam, near the river
Elero, eight miles NW of €eva, ani
35 sE of Turin, Lon. 8 6-8, lat. 4
33 Nee
MONFORTE, 4 town of Portugal, ir
Beira, 30 miles n by & of Portalegrs.
‘Lon. 7 21 w, lat. 39 42 N,
MONFORTE, @ town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, 20 miles s of Portalegra. Lon.
‘7 31 W; lat. 38 47N.
Moncuir, a town of Hindooftar
Proper, witha fort. It is generally mads
a ftation for part of the Englith troops,
and is feated on the Ganges, 110 miles £
by & of Patna, and 275 Nw of Calcutta,
Lon. 83 30 £, lat.25 15 Ne
Moncuts. See Mocuts.
MONHEIM, @ towyt of Germany, in
Bavaria; eight miles N of Donawert.
‘Lons rr 128, lat.¢8 58N.
. MONICKEDAM, a feaport of the United
Provinees, in N Holland. In 1gts, the
‘wholetown (the church of St. Nicholas
“excepted) ‘was deftroyed by fire. It is
feated at the entrance of the Monick inte
the Zujder-Zee, eight miles Nz of Am-
fterdam. Lon. 4 56 £, lat. 52 29N.
Monmovuru, the county town of
Monmouthfhire, with a market on Sa-
turday. It js feated at the confluence of
‘the Wye and Mynnow, wae formerly
welt
great
hia
hee
wet
Wal
and y
face,
whic
betwi
it cer
racer
com
fork
{peak
ale th
ture ¢
water
bera i
and th
which
There
clepha
ragofla,
ince, in
ine and
ies sw
ISN,
I, which
crofling
ails into
he fame
e, in the
vince of
ance for-
ted on a
ens, and
» hit. 49
Spain, in
Es feated
river, 60
.7 10 W,
” France;
Cher and
caftle, 4
oft popu
citadel, 2
~ Tt was
1796. It
the river
eva, anid
» lat. 44
ugal, ir
brtalegra.
tugal, in
a. Lon.
indooftan
ally mads
troops,
o miles £
Calcutta,
any, it
Donawert.
he United
§1sy. the
Nicholas
. It is
mick inte
of Am-
¥ 9 N.
town of
t on Sa-
uence of
formerly
MON
furrounded with a wall'and a ditch, and
in the centre is a caftle inruins. It con-
tains two parifh churches: and that called
Monk’s church is a very curious ftructure.
Here was born the waptike Henry v, who
was called Henry of Monmouth. It is a
handfome town, carries on a good trade
with Briftol by. the Wye, fends one mem-
ber to parliament, and is 21 miles w of
Gloucetter, and 128 w by N of London.
Lon. 2 46 W, lat. 51 49 N-
MONMOUTHSHIRE, a county of Eng-
land, bounded on the N by Herefordhhire,
on the E by Gloueefterfhire, on the sz
by the mouth of the Severn, and on the
w and sw by the counties of Brecknock
and Glamorgan. Its extent from N to s
is about 24 miles, and from E to Ww 20.
It lies in the diocefe of Landaff; contains
fix hundreds, feven market towns, and
127 parifhes; and fends three members
to parliament. The air is temperate and
healthy, and the foil fruitful, though
mountainous and woddy. Befide the
Wye, which parts it from Gloucefter-
hire; the Mynnow, which feparates it
trom Herefordthire; and the Rhyney, or
Rumney, which divides it from Glamor-
ganfhire, this county has almoft peculiar
to itfelf the river Ufk,' which divides it
into two unequal portions. The eaftern
part, and the largeft, is a tract fertile
in corn and -pafture, and well wooded ;
and it abounds with limeftone. The
weftern portion: #s mountainous, and, in
great part, unfavorable for cultivation ;
whence it is.devoted to the feeding of
fheep and goats: Monmouth fhire was for-
mt reckoned ‘one of the counties of
Wales; and from the names of its towns
and villages, its mountainous rugged fur-
face, and its fituation beyond the Wye,
which feems to form a natural boundary
between England and Wales in this part,
it certainly partakes moftly of the cha-
rater of the latter country, though now
comprehended in the civil divifion of the
former. The higher ranks generally.
fpeak Englith, but the common people
ule the Welch language. The manutac-
ture of this county is flannels.
Monomorapa, akingdom on the zg
coaft of Africa, bounded on the N by
Monomugi, on the £ by the Mofambique,
on the 9 by Sofala and Manica, and
on the w by unknown regions. It ig.
watered by feveral rivers, of which Zain-
bera is the chief. ‘The air is temperate,
and the foil fertile in rice and fugar-canes,
which laft grow ‘without cultivation.
There are a great many oftriches and
clephants, with feveral wines of gold and
MON
filver. The houies are built of wood,
and covered with plafter, but they have
very few towns, of which Monomotapa
is the chief. The inhabitants are ne-
groes, who have as. many wives as they
can get. Their religion is paganitin ;
but they believe in one Gol that created
the world. ‘The army of the king con-
fifts only of foot, for they have no horfes
in the country. The Portuguefe had a
fettlement here in 1560, but they were
all murdered, or forced away. It lies
baeresst 23 and 33° lon. and 14 and 19”
s lat.
Monomua}, a region of Africa, lying
near the equator, between Abyffinia on
the N, Zanguebar on the £, Monomotapa
on the s, and Congo on the w. This
country is very little known to the Euro-
peans.
MONONGAHELA, a river of N Ame-
rica, which rifes in Virginia, and run-
ning N into Penfylvania, meets the Alle-
gany at Fort Pitt, where their united
ftreams affume the name of Ohio. It is
deep and gentle, and navigable for barges
50 miles trom its mouth.
MONOPOLI, an epiftopal town of Na-=
ples, in Terra di Bari, feated on the gulf
of Venice, 28 miles sz of Bari, Lon. 17
37 E, lai.41 20N.
Mons, a large and ftrong city of
Auftrian Hainault, with confiderable ma-
nufaétures. of woollen ftuffs, arid a good
trade.. It has been feveral times taken
aud retaken inthe 16th, 17th, and prefent
centuries; the lait time by the French in
1794. It ftands partly on a hill, and
partly on a plain, at the confluence of
the Haifne and Trouille, by which ‘the
country: about it may be overflowed at
pleafure. It is 17 iifies NE of Taournayy
37 w of Namur, and 143 N of Paris.
Lon. 4 3£, lat. g0 27 N. ,
MonsanrTO, a ftrong frontier town of
Spain, in Eftramadura. Lon. 5 50 w,
lat. 39 40 Ne
Monsaraz, a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, feated on the Guadiana, 25
ee sw of Elvas. Lon. 7 32W, lat. 38
26N.
* MONSTERBFRG, or MUNSTERBERG,
a town of Silefia, in a provitice of the
fame name, 20 miles NE of Glatz, and
27 sof Breflaw. Lon.37 168, lat. 50
7N.
Monstigr. See MouTier,
MonrTasour, a fortified town of
Germany, in the elz&torate of Treves,
between Cobientz and Limboutg. Lon. 7
50 E, lat. 50 30N.
renounce town of Nato'ia, on
G 2
MO N
the fea of Marmora. It carvies’on a great
trade, efpecially in fruits, and is feated
ona bay of the fame name, 70 miles ssE
of Conitantinople. Lon. 29 108, lat.4o
ON.
MonTacue EsLanp, one of the New
Hebrides, in the S Pacific Ocean, near
Sandwich Iiland. Lon. 168 31.8, lat. 37
265.
" Moxrraicu, a town of France, in the.
department of Vendée and late province
of Poitou, 24 miles w of Mauleon.. Lon.
.¥ 30W, lat.47 ON. PT
MONTALBAN, a town of Spain, in
Arragon, with a ftrong citadel, feated on
the Rio-Martin, 44 miles s. of Saragofla,
and 92 N by w of Valencia. Lon.o 30
Ww, lat. 41 9N. ise
MONTALCINO, a populeus town of
Tufeany, in the Siennefe, with a bithop’s.
fce. It.is feated on a mountain, 17 miles
SSE of Sienna, and 32 & by » of Mafla.
Lon.11 30 £, lat. 43 7N-
MONTALTO, an cpifcopal town of
Italy, in the marquilate of Anoona,
{cated on the Monacio, ro. miles N of
Afcoli, and 45 s of Ancona. Lon. 13
30 Ey lat. 42 54.N. ’ .
MonrarcGis, a confiderable town of
France, in the department of Loiret and
late province of Orleanois. Its muftard
and cutlery are excellent ; and from, the
river Loing is « navigable canal hence ts
the Seine. It is feared near a fine forett,
1§ miles s of Nemours, and 62 s by E of
Paris.
MONTAUBAN, a commercial town of
France, in the department of Lot, lately
the epifcopal fee of the provinee of Querci
The inhabitants arnount to 40,000 ; and
have manufactures of filk ftcckings and
ftuffs, ferges, fhaloons,,&c. This town
was taken from the Huguenots in 1629,
and the fortifications were demolifhed.
It is feited on an eminence, on the river
Tarr, 20 miks w of ‘Touloufe, and 30
8 ot Cahors.
MONTBAZON, a town of France, . in
the department af Indre and Leire and
fate province of Touraine, feated at the
fcot cf a hill, on which is an ancient caftle,
MON
the Alaine and Doubs, 33, miles w of
Bafle, and 4§ NE: of Befangon. Lon. 6
SO, lat.4 31N- ris dua
Mont Buiane, one of the, higheft
mountains of the Alps, in Savoy, fo called
fyom its uncommonly white appearance,
It is 15,662 feet above the level of the:
fea, which is 414 feet higher than the
peak of Tenerift; The fummit: was’
deemed inacceffible till 1786, when Dr,
Paccard afcended it. The French have.
givers the name of this mountain to the
conquered duchy of Savoy, as an eighty-
fourth department of France.
MontTBLanc, a town of Spain, in Ca-
talonia, 15 miles N of Tarragona. | Lon.
I 5 Ey lat.gu 10.Ne.
_ Monrsrison, ‘a town of France, in
the department of Rhpne and: Loire and
late province of Fove2, feated on the Ve-
zize, 40 miles w of Vienne, and 250
s by £ of Paris. Lon. 4:27 E, lat. 45 32 Ny
NEON TO AMRE NER town of France, int
the department af the Upper Alps..and
late provinee of Dauphiny. | It is ieated
on a éraggy mountain, almoft furrounded,
by the Durance, eight miles, Ng,of Em-
hrun. Lon. 6 45 £, lat-44/.40 Ny
MontT-DE-MarsAn,atown of France,
in the department of Landes. and late
province of Gafcony.. It is the capital
of the department, and feated on the Mi-
doufe, 30 miles Ng of Dax. Lon. 30
W, lat. 44 55 Ne
MonrTe-Cassimo,.a mountain of Na-
ples, in Terra di Lavora, on. the tap of
which isa. nediétine abbey. Lon. 13
44 £, fat. 41 39.N-
MonrTEccuio, a town of Italy, in the
duchy of Reggio. ‘The French defeated
the Auftrians near this place, Augutt 3,
1796. It iseight miles nw of Reggio.
Lon..+5 54 8, lat. 48 8 N.
MonTE-FALco, a townof Italy, in the
duchy of Spalatto, feated. on a mountain,
near the river Clitunno,. +z miles. w of
Spalatto. Lon. 12 40 £, lat. 42 58 N.
, Monte-FaLeoné, a town of Italy, in
Venetian Feiuli, with a caftle, near the
river Ponzang, 12 miles Nw of Trieft.
Lon. 13 0 £, lat. 46 4 5.
135 miles sw of Paris. Lon.o Sei. MONTE-FIASCONE, a populous town
lat. 47 1N. “4 ef Italy, in the territory of the Church,
MONTBELLIARD, a ftrong town of
France, capital of a principality of, the
German empire, of the fame name, be-
tween the department ef Doubs and that
of Upper Rhine. It is feated at, the foot
ef a rock, on which is a citadel. It was
taken ‘in’ 1674 by the French, who de-
moliffed the’ jortifications; but it was
relo.ed to the priuey. It is deated gear
with a bifhep’s fee. It is feated on a
mountain, near the lake Bolfena, 12 miles
sw of Orvietto, and. 45 Nw of Rome.
Lon, 12 4 £, lat. 42 26 N.
MOoNTEGO, a feaport, on a bay of the
fame name, on the wn fide of the ifland of
Jamaica. In June 1795, a fire confumed
ait immenfe quantity of ftores, and great
part ofthe town, Lon, 78 § W,,kat, 38 40N>
hee, In
re and
he Ve-
d 250
32 N,
Cy ink
DS: aid
feated:
punded
f Em-
‘rance,
id late
capital
he Mi-
le O 30
of Na-
tap of
On. 13
, in the
efeated
gutt 3,
eggio.
yin the
untain,
. w of
58 N.
taly, in
ear the
Triett.
1s. town
shurch,
J ona
2 miles
Rome.
r of the
land of
nfumed
d great
18 4ONy
MON
MONTELIMAR, a commercial town of
France, in the department of Drome and
late province of Dauphiny, with an an-
cient citadel. Its inhabitants, in the 16th
‘century, were the firft to embrace the re-
formed religion, It is feated in a fertile
plain, 25 miles sof Valence, and 325
3 by £ of Paris. Lon. 4 55 8, lat. 44
3 Ne
, MONTrTE-MARANO, a populous town of
Naples, in Principato Ulteriore, feated
on the Calore, 18 miles s of Benevento.
Lon. 15 0 £, lat. 40 48 .N.
MonrTeE-Mor-@-Novo, a town of
Portugal, in Eftramadura, 50 miles FE by
6 of Lifbon, Lon: 9 35 Ww, lat. 38 42 N.
Monre-Mor-0-VELHO, a town of
Portugal, in Beira, with a caftle, 10 miles
sw of Coimbra, and 83 Nn .of Lifbon.
Lon. 8 9 w, Jat. 40 5 N.
MonNTE-PELoOSO, an epifcopal town
of Naples, in Bafilicata, feated on a
mountain, near the river Bafiento, 14
miles gE of Cirenza. Lon. 16 28 £, lat.
40 46 N.
MontTe-PuULSsIANO, a town of Tuf-
cany, with a bifhop’s fee. It is feated on
a mountain, near the river Chiana, ina
‘country noted for excellent wine, 25 miles
SE of Sienna, and 50s by E of Florence.
Lon. 11 49 £, lat. 43 10 N.
MonrTEsa, a {trong town of Spain, in
Valencia. It is the feat of an order of
knighthood of the fame name; and is
five miles Nw of Xativa. Lon.o 10 w,
lat. 39 oN.
Monre-SancTo, formerly called
Mount-Athos, a mountain of ‘Turkey in
Europe, on the gulf of Conteffa. he is
called Monte-Sancto, or the Holy Mount,
becaufe there are 22 monafteries thereon,
in which are 4000 monks, who never fuf-
fer a woman to:come near them. It is
17 miles s of Salonichi. Lon. 24 39 £,
lat. 40 27N. ;
Monre-VERDE, a town of Naples, in
Principate Ulteriore, with a bithop’s fee,
60 miles £ of Naples. Lon. 15 42 E,
lat.40° 51 N.
MONT-FERRAND.* See CLERMONT,
MONTFERRAT, a duchy of Italy ;
bounded on the £ by the Milanefe and the
territory of Genoa, on the N and w by
Piedmont, and on the s by the territory
of Genoa, from which it is feparated by
the Appennines. -It‘is very’ fertile and
well cultivated, abounding in corn; swine,
‘oil, and ‘filk 5 dnd’ ¥6'!fubject to the king
of Sardinia.’ Cafal'is the capital.’
“MoNnTFOoAaT, a town of France, ‘in the
department of Seine and Oife ‘and: late
provitice Of The Dé ef France} '16' miles
MON
W of Verfailles, Lon. 2 so 8, lat. 48
45_N.
MonTFok ~. a town of France, jn the
department of Ifle and Vilaine and late
proviase of Bretagne, 12 miles w of
ennes. Lon.1 58 w, lat. 48 8N.
Monrrort, a ftrong town of the
United Provinces, in Utrecht, with ag
ancient caftle, feated on the Yilel, feven
miles s by £ of Utrecht. Laon. 5 0 g,
lat. 52 4.N. ~
Mon Trort, a town of Suabia, capital
of a country of the fame name, fubieét to
the houfe of Auftria. It is 16 miles 5 of
Lindau and the lake of Conftance. Lon.
9 51 £, lat. 47 22 N.
Montrort-DeE-Lemos, an ancient
town of Spain, in Galicia, with a mag-
nificent cattle. It is feated in a fertile
country, 25 miles NE of Orente, and $5
se of Compoftella. Lon. 7 9 w, lat.
42 238 .N. )
MontGatz, a town of Lower Hun-
gary, in the county of Pereczas, with a
fortveis compoléd of three caftles, feated
on @ craggy rock, Tt is encompafled by
a great morats; and art and nature have
rendered it almoft impregnable. It was
defended by the princels Ragotiky, wife
of count Tekeli, when befieged by the
Auttrians, who were obliged to raife the
fege in 1688,
TONTGOMERY, a.county of Pennfyl.
vania, 33 miles long and 16 broad. In
1790, jt contained 22,929 inhabitants.
Norriftown is the capital.
Montcome™ry, the county-town ef
Montgomerythire, with a market on Tuef-
day. It fends cne member to parliament ;
and had once a tower and a cattle, which
were demolifhed in-the civil wars. It is
feated on the afcent of a hill, 26 miles
‘sw of Hereford, and 161 nw of London.
Lon. 3 5 Ww, lat. 52 26 N,
MONTGOMERYSHIRE, acounty of N
Wales; bounded on the w by Merioneth-
fhire and Denbighfhire, on the Nz and 5
‘by Shropfhire, on the’s by Radnorfhire,
on the sw by Cardiganthire, and on the
w by Merioneththire. It extends 36
miles from ‘N to s, and nearly the fame
‘from £ to w; contains five market towns
‘and 47 parifhes; and-fends two members
to parliament. ‘Though barren and moun-
*tainous ‘in many parts, it has a greater
‘mixture of fertile valé and plain, than fe.
“vera] of ‘the. Welth counties.. Its riches
‘proceed from its fheep and wool, the hi
‘tracts Being’: dlmoft ehtirdly’ fheepwalks ;
and thé: dcks, tike‘fiole of' Spain, are
-drivén front diftaht parts to feed on them
‘orig ~the® Weng ” Phis county ‘alle
Cc 3
SSS
a
a)
ie
Raed
‘wa
Na)
ight
th
ne
5 C
}
Mi
w
Pe
a
ie
tf
ie
‘ °
we
Ah,
MON
ord@ mineral treafures, particularly
ad; and it abounds with flate and lime ;
but there is no coa}. Its principal rivers
are the Severn, Vyrnew, and Tannat,
which are remarkable for falmon.
ONTIVILLIERS, a town of France,
qn the department of Lower Seine and
ate province of Normandy, 95 miles
Nw of Paris, Lon. o 20 Ww. lat. 49
35 N., , . ‘ ;
*"MontLours, a town of France, in
the department of the Eaftern Pyrennees
and late province of Roufillon, It is the
capital of the French part of Cerdagna,
and has a regular fortrefs, on arcck, at
the foot of the Pyrennees, built in 1680,
by Lewis x1v, tor the protection of the
frontiers. It is 40 miles wsw of Per-
ignan, and 430 8 of Paris. Lon.2 5,
at. 42 30 N.
MONTLUET, a town of France, in the
department of Ain and late province of
Brefle, feated on the Seraine, 12 miles
NE of Lyons, and 205 sg of Paris. Lon,
5 8 F, lt. 45 49N. :
MonTLuzon, or MONTLUGON, a
town of France, in the department of Al-
Jier and late province of Bourbonnois,
jeated on the Cher, 35 miles sw of Mou-
Jins, and 150 8 of Faris. Lon. 2 45
lat. 46 22 .N.
MONTMEnr, a ftrong town of France,
in the department ot Meufe and late
duchy of Bar, feated on the river Chier,
which divides it into the upper and lower
town. It is 27 miles sw of Luxem-
burg, and 170 NE ot Paris. Lon. 5 23E;
lat, 49. 32 N.
ONTMELIAN, a town. of Savoy, with
a caftle; taken by the French, in 1705,
who demolifhed the fortifications. It is
eight miles sz of Chamberry, and 27
WE of Grenoble. Lon. 6.15 B, lat. 45
go N.
MONTMORENGI, a town of France,
remarkable for the tombs of the ancient
dukes of Montmorenci. It is feated on
a hill, feven miles from St. Denis, and
10 from Paris. .
MONTMORILLON, a town of France,
in the department of Vienne and late pro-
vince of Poitou, feated on the Gartempe,
gyer. which, is .a bridge, 24 miles se of
Poitiers. oh se! vib. Aiud th Lig
Monrae LEER, one of the largeft and
oft beautiful cities, of France,.in the ,
rhoft beaytif
aapprtaisct of Herault: and late pravince
a1 angacdeg wi citadel; a pions
iv ay fuys it which is a:calebrated
frit ; Ae pa z
Bhool of metlicung ; ame a tats royel bo-
mee ee ‘
MON
Huguenots, but has been partly rebuilt.
The number of inhabitants is computed
at 32,000. ‘The trade confifts in filks,
blankets, cotton goods, printed calicoes,
auzes, hides, cordials, perfumed water
Fair-powder, and verdigrife. The it ts
extremely healthy, and many invalids re~
fort hither, from all parts, to recover their
health. “Montpellier is feated ona hill,
five miles from the Meditesranean, near
the Lez, a finall navigable river, and on
the rivulet Merdanfon, which is conveyed
into different parts of the city by fubter-
rancous canals. It ig 27 miles sw of
Nifmes, 47 Ne, of Narbonne, and 18a
s by w of Paris. Lon. 3 58 E, lat. 43
37_N.
MONTPENSIER, a tawn of France, in
the department of Puy de Dome and late
province of Auvergne, feated on a hill,
20 miles Ne of Clermont, and 210 SB of
Paris. Lon. 3 14 By lat. 46 4 N.
MonTreaL, 2 fertile ifland of Cas
hada, in the river St. Lawrence, 28 miles
in length and ro in breadth. It was. fur-
rendered by the French to the Englith, in
1760. It has a fortified town of the
fame name, built on the fide of the river,
whence there is a gradual eafy, afcent ta
what is called the Upper Town. It has
fuffered much by fires fince it has.been in
the pofleffion of the Englifh. Itis 110
miles N of Albany, and 120 sw of Que-
bec. Lon. 71 20 wy lat. 45 55 B+
MONTREAL, a town of Spain, im Ar-
ragon, witha caftle, feated on the Xiloca,
25 miles Nnw of Terruel, and 40 8 by £
of Calatajud. Lon. 1 2, lat.4qo 53N.
MonTREAL, a town of Sicily,..in. the
valley of Mazara, with an archbifhop’s
fee. It- is feated ona xivulet, five miles
w of Palermo, and 50 NE af Mazara.
Lon. 13 33 By lat. 38 14.N.
MontTREAL, or MONTROYALE, a for-
trefs of Germany, in the electorate of
‘Freves, feated on the Mofelle, 22 miles
nz of Treves, Lon, 7 6 By, lat. 49
N.
MONTREUIL; a ftrong town of Frances
in the departunent of the Straits of Calais
and late province of. Picardy, with a eaf-
tle. It is feated on a hill, near the river
Canche, 10. miles, nw of Hedin, and
t17_N of Paris. Lon. 1 52 Ey lat. 50
27 Berge oo. fg '
, Monrrevit-Bettay, a town of
France,,.in the departmentiof Maine and
doire and late province,ef Anjquy feated
on the ‘Touct, 12 miles. ssw. of, Saumur,
and, |1 55 SW: Of Rani, - Lens: O09. Ws,
o 47,6 Ne) i
_. MONTPICHSBR» altowm of, Faanse, im
ebuilt.
nputed
| filks,
licoes,
vater
pits
ds res
r their
a hill,
1) near
and on
nveyed
fubter~
sw of
id 18a
lat. 43
once, in
nd late
a hill,
> SB of
of Ca.
3 iniles
as fur-
lifh, in
of the
¢ Tiver,
cent ta
It has
been in
is 110
f Que-
im Ar.
' iloca,
8 by £
D 53N.
an. the
ifhop’s
e miles
azara.
| a for-
ate of
miles
at. 49
ranee,
Calais
a eaf-
river
\F and
jat. 50
of
pe and
feated
mur,
Wwe
pity in
MON
the department of Loir and Chet and late
province of Bla‘ois, with a caftle. It is
geated near the Cher, 12 miles sz of Am-
boite, and 112 9w of Paris. Lon.1 222,
Jat. 47 22 Ne
MONTROSE, a borough and feaport in
Angasthire, near the eftuary of the South
Etk. Over this river, a new bridge was
erected in 31795. At high water the
town is almoft {urrounded by the fea; and
the harbour is a fine femicircular bafin,
with a ftone pier. A great number of
trading veffels belong to this port. The
buildings are neat ; and the moft remark-
able are the ney orenhs a ae rad ig and
un elegant epilcopal chapel. great
quantiey-ot als i. made here; and there
are confiderable manufactures of failcloth,
linen, and thread. (The falmon fitheries
on the N and S Efk torm a valuable
branch of commerce. Montrofe is 48
miles NE of Edinburgh. Lon. 2 32 w,
lat. 56 40 N.
Mont St. MICHEL, a. ftrong town
of France, in the'department of: the Chan-
nel and late province of Normandy, built
on a rock in the ea, whieh is aicended at
low water. Its late behediétine abbey
f{erved at once for a caftle of defence, and
a {tate prifon, and was alfo much fre-
quented by pilgrims. The prior of the
abbey was governor of the town, and the
keys were brought to him every evening.
This place gave name to the late milita
order of St. Michel, founded by Lewis
XI, in 1479. It is «6 miles sw of Av.
ranches, and 180 w of Paris. Lon, 1
30 Wy lat. 48 37 N, ui
MONTSAUVJEONs a town of France, in
the department of Upper Marne and late
province of Champagne, 15 miles ssw of
Langres, and 145 SE of Pasts. Lon. 5
16 E, lat. 47 36 N.
MONTSERRAT, @ mountain of Spain,
in Catalonia, on.which is a famous mot
naftery and chapel, dedicated to the Vir-
gin, reforted to by numbers of pilgrims.
It is inhabited by monks of feveral na.
tions, who entertain all that come out of
devotion or ecuriofity, for three days, gra-
tis. This mountain is faid to be 10 miles
in circumference, and five high. It is 25
niles Nw of Barceloria.
MONTSERRAT, one of the Leeward
Caribbee Hlands, in the W Indies, dif-
covered, in 14935 by Columbus;: and fo
named by him fiom: its refemablance to the
mountain mentioned im the preceding ar-
ticle. It is about.nine miles in length
and breadth s andthe hills are: covered
with cedar and other treés. It belongs
to the: Jinglih;: and is 39 miles sw
‘ftan Proper, the capital of
MON
of Antigua. Lon. 62° 34 W, lat. £6
54.N.
Monza, a town of Italy, in the Mi-
lanefe, feated on the Lambro, eight miles
NE of Milan. Lon. 9 20 B, lat. 45
33 &.
Moon, Mountains OF THE, moun-
tains of Africa, extending between Abyf-
finia and Monomotapa. , They are higher
than thof-of Atlas.
MOORSHEDABAD, a city of Hindoo-
Bengal before
the eftablithment of the Englifh power.
It is feated on the weftern ann of the
Ganges, 120 miles w of Calcutta. Lon.
83 28 E, lat..24 15 BN.
' MOOTAPILLEY, a town of the penin«
fala of Hindooftan, in the Guntoor Cir-
car, at the mouth of the Gondegama.
Lon. 80 40 £, lat. 15 45 N.
Mora, a town of Spain, in New Caf-
tile, 18 miles se of Toledo. Lon. 3
4 W, lat. 49 36 N.
Moxant, Point, the moft eafterly
romoutory of Jamaica. Lon. 7§ 56 Ww,
at. 17 56M.
Moarat, a commercial town of Swif-
ferland, capital ef a bailiwic of the fame
name, belonging to the cantons of Bern
and Friburg, witha caftle. It is cele-
brated for the fiege it fuftained againft
Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy,
which was followed by the battle of Mo-
rat, in 1476, in which thé duke was to:
tally routed. It is 10 miles w of Bern,
and 10 NE of Friburg. Lon. 6 5 gy
lat. 46 52 MN.
Moaart, a lake of Swifferland; n a
bailiwic of the fame name. It js fiz
miles long and two broad, lying parallel
with the lake of Neuchatel; into which
it empties itfelf by the river Broye: '
Morava; or Moraw;, 4 river of
Germany, which has its fource on the
confizes of Bohemia and Silefia. It crof-
fes Moras ia, wheré it waters Olmutz and
Hradifth, and receiVing the Taya, from
the confines of Lower Hungary and Up-
per Auttria, feparates thefe two countries
as far as the Daftirbe, into which it
talls, :
Moravr, 2 river of Turkey in Eu-
rope, which tifes in Bulgaria, and run-
ning through. Sérvia, by Niffa, falls into
the Danube, at Semendriah. ote
Moravia, a miarqiifate annexed’ to
Boheriua, ‘by which ‘it is bouhded onthe!
w; by that kingdom and Silefia’ ofthe x5
by Silefia and Hungary on the ®, 4nd hy
Auftria on thé w. ° ft is a fountains
country, yet very fertile and popalpus;
and watered By a — fiurhber- of rivers
c 4
MOR
and brogks. It takes its name frim the
river Morava, which runs through it ;
and hence’ the fect of Chriftians, called
Moravians, take their name, their doc-
trineg having been firit taught here. Ol
mutz was the capital, but now Brinn
claims that honour.
Morsacu, or MursBacu, a town of
France, in the department of Lower
Rhine and late province of Alface, 42
miles sx of Sirafburg. Lon. 8 25 By
Jat. 48 oN,
MorBEGNO, a town of the country
of the Grifons, in the Valteline, where
the governor and the regency refide. It
is the handfomeft and mo{t commercial
town in the Valteline, and feated on the
Adda 32 miles sz of Chiavenna, and 20
NE of, Lecco. Lon. 9 31 ky lat. 46
JON.
MORBIHAN, a department of France,
including part of the late province of
Bretagne. Vannes is the capital of this
department, which takes its name from a
finall bay between that town uad the
ifland of Belleifle. Its entrance is nar-
row; but it expands within, and con-
tains about 30 little iflands.:,
MoreEA, formerly called PELOPONNE-
$US, a:penin‘ula on the s part of Greece,
to which it is joined by the ifthmus of
Corinth, lying between the gulfs of Le-
anto and. Engia. It is 180 miles in
ength and 130 in breadth. The air is
temperate,. and the foil fertile, except the
middle, where there are many mountains.
It is watered by feveral rivers, of which
the Alpheus, the Vafili-Potamno, and the
Stromio, are the chief. It is divided
into three laxge provinces. ‘The fangiack
of the Morea refides at Modon. It was
taken by the Venetians from the Turks
in 1687, and retaken in 1715.
MoRELLA, a town of Spain, in Va-
Jencia, which was almoft deftroyed, in
1705, by the army of Philip v. It is
{vated among high mountains, 80 miles
N.of Valencia.
Moressy, a harbour,.a little above
Whitehaven, in Cumberland ; in and
about which many remains of antiquity
have been dug up, fuch as altars and
ftones, with infcriptions on them ; and
feveral caverns have been found, called
Piéts’ Holes.
_,MORET, an ancient town of France,
in the department of Seine and Marne
and late province of .he Ifle of France,
with a caftle, fiixt<d on the Loire, 35
miles sz, of Payis. Lon.'2 52 £, lat.
48 25 N. >
MorGEs, a commercial town of Swife
MOR
ferland, in the canton of Bern, and capi.
tal of a bailiwic, with aceftle. By its
canal, merchandile is tranfported trom
the lake ef Geneva to other end It is
{eated on a beautiful bay of the lake of
Geneva, five miles wsw of Laulanne.
Lon. 6 42 Ey lat. 46 29 N.
MoRHANGE, @ town of France, in the
department of Mofelle and late province
of Lorrain, 24 miles NE of Nanci, and
200 & of Paris. Lon. 6 42 £, lat. 48
1 Ne
: MoRLACHIA, a mountainous country
in Hungarian Dalmatia, the inhabitants
of which are called Morlacks, or Mor-
lacchi. They inhabit the pleafant vallies
of Koter, along the rivers Kerha, Cet-
tina, Narenta, and among the inland
mountains of Dalmatia, ‘They are faid,
by fome, to be of Walachian extraction ;
but others think their origin involved in
the darknefs of barbarous ages. The
inhabitants of the feacoaft of Dalmatia,
tell many frightful {tories of their ava-
rice and cruelty; but thefé, abbe Fortis
thinks, are all either of an ancient date;
or, if any have ha»pened in later times,
they ought rather to be afcribed to the
corruption of a few individuals, than to
the bad difpofition of the nation in gene-
ral. For the moft pleafing trait of cha-
racter among the Morlacchi, is friendfhip.
They haye even made it a kind of religi-
ous point, and tie the facred Lond at the
foot of the altar. The Scijavonian ritual
contains a particular benediétion, for the
folemn. union of two male or two female
friends, in the prefence of the congrega-
tion. The male friends thus united are
called probratim?, and the females po/e/-
treme, which mean half-brothers and half-
fifters.. Friendthips between thofe of dif-
ferent fexes are not bound with fo much
folemnity, though perhaps in more an-
cient and innocent ages it was alfo the
cuftom. From thefe confecrated friend-
fhips among the Morlacchi, and other na-
tions of the {ame origin, it fhould feem,
that the {worn brothers arole, a denomi-
nation frequent among the common peo-
ie in many parts of Europe. If difcord
appens to arife between two friends
among the Morlacchi, it is talked of over
all the country as a. fcandalous novelty ;
and there have been fome examples of it
of late years, to the great affliction of the
old Morlacchi, who attribute the depra-
vity of their countrymen to their inter-
courfe with the Italians.
Mor.alx, a feaport of France, in the
department of Finifterre and late province
of Bretagne, with a caftle anda tide har-
are tw
who d
poled
beries,
and Ji
a grea
fome
a mult
all the
Negro
vans,
almoft
with ¢
and,
elephs
carav:
of de
fitting
and ny
comm
cochi:
for w
coe,
are lj
of fe
figs,
grana
alfo |
We
ul capi.
By ite
d trom
- It is
lake ot
ulanne.
» in the
rovince
ci, and
lat. 48
country
rbitants
r Mor-
: vallies
a, Cet.
inland
re faid,
action ;
aved in
- The
Imatia,
‘i! ava.
: Fortis
it date;
‘times,
to the
than to
Nn gene-
sf che.
ndfhip.
religi-
at the
ritual
for the
female
grepa-
ed are
5 4
wate
of dif-
D much
bre an-
ilfo the
riend-
her na»
feem,
nomi-
Nn peo-
ifcord
friends
Df i
velty 5
: of it
of the
depra-
inter-
in the
lovince
e har-
MOR
pour. The church of Notre-Dame is a
fingular ttructure, and the holpital very
handiome. The inhabitants carry on a
confiderable trade in linen, hemp, and
tobacco. It is feated on a river of the
fame name, 30 miles NE of Breit, and
45 w of St. Brieux, Lon. 3 46 w,
lat. 48 33 .N.
Morocco, an empire of Africa, com.
prehending a confiderable part of the an-
cient Mauritania, lying between 28 and
36° .N lat. It is bounced on the w by
the Atlantic ; on the £ by the river
Mulvia, which feparates it from Algiers ;
onthe N by the Mediterranean; and oa
the s by.mount Atlas, Its gisatelt
length, trom Nz to sw, is above 599
miles, and, where wide!t, not more than
260 broad. The s part af the empire
contains the kingdoms of Sus, ‘Tarudan,
Morocco Proper, Tatilet, and Sugelmef-
fa; and the. N part thofe of Fez and Me-
quinez. The air of this country is pret-
ty temperate, efpecially near mount At-
las. ‘Che foil, though fandy and dvy in
fom: places, is fertile in others; and the
fruits, as well as the paftures, are excel-
lent, but the country is not properly cul-
tivated. ‘The inhabitants are Mahome-
tans, of a tawny complexion, robult,
and very fkilful in managing a horfe, and
wielding a lance; but they are jealous,
deceitful, fuperftitious, and cruel. There
are two forts of inhabitants; the Arabs,
who dwell in moveable villages, com-
poled of about 100 tents, and the Bere-
beries, who 7.¢ the ancient inhabitants,
and live in cities and towns. There are
a great number of Chriftian flaves, and
fone merchants, upon the coaft, befide
a multitude of Jews, who carry on almot
all the trade; efpecially by land with the
Negroes, to whom they fend large cara-
vans, which travel over vatt deferts,
almoft deftitute of water. They carry
with them woollen goods, filk, falt, &c.
and, in return, have flaves, gold, and
elephants teeth. They al/fo fend large
caravans to Mecca every year, partly out
of devotion, and partly for trade, con-
filting of feveral thouland camels, horfes,
and mules. Befide woollen goods, their
commodities are Morocco leather, indigo,
cochineal, and oftrich feathers; in return
for which they have filks, muflins, cali-
coes, coffee, and drugs. In the deferts
are lions, tigers, leopards, and ferpents
of feveral kinds. The fruits are dates,
figs, almonds, lemons, orangés, pome-
granates, and many others. .. There is
alfo flax, and hemp, but little timber.
Te emperor 3 abfolute, ‘his will being
MOR
a law, and he often exercifes great ery.
clties. His naval force confilts chietly
of rovers, who now and then take large
prizes. He can bring 100,000 men into
the field, half of which are toot and half
hovle; but they are poorly armed, und
know little of the art of war.
Morécco, a city of the kingdom
of Morocco, feated ina beautiful valley,
formed by a chain of mountains on the N,
and thofe of the Atlas on the s and ek.
‘Vhough cne of the capitals of the em-
pire (tor there are three, Morocco, Me-
quinez, and Fez) it has nothing to re-
commend it but its great extent, and the
royal palace, It is inclo‘d by ftrong
walls, the circumference of which is eight
miles: they are flanked by {quare towers,
and furrounded by a wide and deep ditch.
The mofgues are more numerous than
magnificent. The belt houfes are inclofed
in gardens; but the generality of them
ferve only to imprefs the traveller with
the idea of a miferable and delerted city.
The Jews, who are preity numerous,
have a feparate town, walled in, and
under the charge of an alcaid, appointed
by the emperor, It has two gates, which
ure regularly {hut every evening at nine,
after which no perfon can enter or depart,
till they are opened the next morning.
They have a market of their own; and
when they enter a Moorith town, market,
or palace, they are compelled to be bare-
footed. Morocco is 90 miles E of Mo-
gador, and 400 s of Gibraltar. Lon.6
45 W, lat. 31 12.N.
MORON, a town of Spain, in Anda-
lufia, in the neighbourhood of which is
a mine of precious ftones. It is 30
miles se of Seville. Lon. 5 10 w, lat.
37 IO N.
'Mororol, one of the Sandwich Ifles,
feven miles WNW of Mowee. Yams are
its principal produce; but it has little
wood. The coaft, on the s and w fides,
forms feveral bays. Lon. 117 14 ws
lat. 21 10 N.
MorrertuH, a borough in Northum-
berland, with a market on Wednefday. It
is {eated on the N bank of the Wentfbeck,
and on the oppofite fide is the church,
and a caftle in ruins. *It fends two
members to parliament, and has a free-
{chool founded’ by Edward v1. It is 18
miles N of Newcaftle, and 287 Nn by w
of London. Lon. 1 28 w, lat. 55 15 N.
MorTAGNE, a town of France, in the
department of Orne and late province of
Perche, famous for its ferges and tan-
neries. It is 19 miles E of Seez, and
70 W of Paris; Lon. o 40 £, lat. 48 335.
MOS
MOorRTAGNE, a town of France, in the
department of the North and late province
of French Flanders, feated at the conflu-
ence of the Scarpe and Scheld, eight
miies se of Tournay. Lon. 3 30 ¥, lat.
59 29 Ne
Morrain, a town of France, in the
departinent of the Channel and late pra-
vinee of Normandy, jeated on the rivulet
Lances, almoft iurrounded by craggy
rocks, 2> miles » of Avranches. Lon. o
54 W, lat. 43 37 -N.
Morrara, a {trong town of Italy, in
the Milaneie, fubje&t to the king of Sar-
dinia. It is 15 miles NE ot Cadfal, and
22 sw of Milan. Lon. 2 40 &£, lat. 45
22 N.
MorTLAKD, a village in Surry, feated
on the river ‘Thames, fix miles w of
London. Great part of this parifh is in-
clofed in Richmond Park; and his majeity
hens a farm here‘of 80 acres in his own oc-
cupation, and in exccllent cultivation.
Morruicu, a village in Banffshire,
fix miles sw of Keith. Here Malcolm
11, in memory of a victory gained over
the Danes, founded a bithopric, which
was tranilated to Aberdeen by David 1.
Moron, or MorTON HAMPSTEAD,
a town in Devonfhire, with a noted
market for yarn on Saturday. It is feated
on a hill, near Dartmoor, 14 miles sw
of Exeter, and 185 w by s of London,
Lon. 3 46 w, lat. 50 49 N.
Morton, or Morron tn MaRsH,
a town in Gloucelierfhire, with a market
on Tuelday, feated on a foflway, 29
miles Ese of Worcefter, and $3 WNw of
London: Lon. 1 36 w, lat. 52 oN.
MorveEpro, 2 town of Spain, in
Valencia, on the fite of the ancient Sa-
guntum, with the ruins of a Roman
amphitheatre. It is feated on a river of
the fame name, 15 miles wy ot Valencia.
Lon. ¢ 10 £, lat. 39 38 N.
Morven, a diftrict in Argylethire,
whofe mountains are celebrated in the
dongs of Offian.
Mosa, a town of Arabja Felix, 25
miles NE of Mocha.
MosaMBIQve, a ftrait or channel of
the Indian Ocean, lying between the £
coat of Africa and the ifland of Mada-
galcar, and between 11 and 25° § lat. It
is narroweft in the middle, where it is
240 miles over; and in this part, on the
coatt of Zanguebar, is a kingdom, ifland,
and town of the fame name.
MosaMBIQuE, a kingdom of Afvica,
on the w fide of a channel of the fame
name and on the coast of Zanguebar,
contifting of three ifands, The prin-
MOS
cipal ifland, called Mofambique, is not
more than three miles in length, and half
as much in breadth, and is about two
miles from the continent. It was feized
by the Portuguefe in 1497, and they have
kept poffeflion of it ever fince.
MOsAMBIQUE, the capital of an ifland
of the fame name, on the E coatt of
Africa. itis large and well-fortified,
having a ftrong citadel to defend the
harbour. It belongs to the Portuguete,
who have generally 2 good garriton here,
and trade with the natives oe gold, ele.
pie teeth, and flaves. They have
uilt feveral churches and monatteries,
and a large holpital for fick failors,
Their thips always call here in going to
the FE Indies; and the harbour is fo com.
modious, that whole fleets myay anchoy
here, ‘and refit their veffels, as well as
poe themtelves with all neceffaries,
on. 40:10 Ey lat. rg 5 8.
Mospacnu, a town of Germany, ip.
the palatinate of the Rhine, with a
cattle, feated on the Neckar, 26 miles
ENE of Heidelberg. Lon. 9 21 &£, lat,
49 28 N.
Mospyrc, a town of Germany, ir
Bavaria, feated at the confluence of the
Iler and Ambert, nine miles w= of
Landichut. Lon. 11 55.8, lat. 48 30 N,
Moscovy. See Russta.
Moscow, formerly a duchy, but now
one of the 4% governments of Ruflia;
bounded on the Nn by the.government ot
‘Tver, on the & by that of Great Volo-
dimniu, on the s by the governments of
Kalugo and Refan, and on the w by thole
of Tver and Sinolentko. Its capital is
of the fame name.
Moscow, a large city of Ruffia, ca-
pital of the government of Mofcow, and
formerly of the whole empire. It may
be contidered as a town built upon the
Afiatie model, but gradually becoming
more and more European; exhibiting, in
its prefent ftate, a motley mixture of dii-
cordajt architecture. It is diftributed
into the following diyifions. 1. Kremlin,
which is in the central and higheft part
of the city, furrounded by high walls of
ftone and brick, two miles in circum.
ference. This divifion is not deformed
by wooden houles. It contains the
ancient palace of the czars, now only
remarkable for being the birthplace of
Peter the Great alto feveral churches,
two convents, the patfiarchal palace, and
the arefnal now in ruins. 2. The
Khitaigorcl, which is much larger than
the Kremlin; it, contains the univerfity,
the printing-houft, and many ether public
building
The ho
wathed ;
Moicow
to each
White
two pre
name fra
former]
which e
ters; an
lar ramp!
compafle
hibit a
convents
houfes,
Sloboda,
exterior
deicribe
part and
befide b
much op
which g
Mojkva,
name, flo
nel; but
vigable f¢
the Sem!
weftern ¢
the beds
vulets
Mofcow
of extent
contraft.
very lon:
are pave
fuburbs,
trees, or |
floor of :
blended
one ftory
manfions
vered wi
wooden |
iron door
appear in
tyle of a
coppers,
green 5 a
ha wol
have the
fert ; oth
fome, of
a. great. «
city in E
the ramy
being 26
telponds,
Jt contai
fouls, at
in the e
dence of
Cy 15 not
and halt
nout two
as feized
they have
an ifland
coatt of
fortified,
fend the
rtuguele,
{on here,
‘old, ele.
1ey have
natteries,
failors,
going to
{0 com.
y anchoy
well as
ceffaries,
nany, ie.
with a
16 miles
[. Ey lat,
lany, ig
¢ of the
; W of
18 30 N,
but now
Ruflia;
ment of
at Volo-
ents of
by thote
Apital is
Mia, ca-
ow, and
It may
pon the
pcoming
ing, in
oF dii-
ributed
remlin,
eft part
alls of
ircum-
Pformed
ns the
w only
lace of
urches,
ce, and
« The
er than
verfity,
public
MOS
puildings, with all the tradefmen’s fheps.
The houfes are moftly ftuccoed wr white-
wathed; and it has the only ftreet in
Moicow in which the houfes ftand cloie
to each other. 3. The Bielgorod, or
White Town, which runs round the
two preceding divifions: it takes its
name from a white wall, by which it was
formerly furrounded. 4. Semlainogorod,
which environs all the other three quar-
ters; and is fo denominated from a circu-
lar rampart of earth by which it is en-
compafled. The laft two divifions ex-
hibit a grotefque group of churches,
convents, palaces, brick and wooden
houfes, and mean hovels. 5. The
Sloboda, or fuburbs, which form a vatt
exterior circle round all the parts alteady
deicribed, and are invefted by a low ram-
part and ditch. Thefe fuburbs contain,
befide buildings of ‘all kinds, corn-fields,
much open paiture, and fome fmall lakes,
which give rife to the Neglina.. The
Mo{kva, from which the city takes its
name, flows through it in a winding chan-
nel; but, excepting in fpring, is only na-
vigable for rafts, It receives the Yaufa in
the Semlainogorod, and the Neglina at the
weftern extremity of the Kremlin; but
the beds of both thefe latt-mentioned ri-
vulets are nearly’ dry in fummer.
Mofcow exhibits an aftonifhing degree
of extent and variety, irregularity, and
contrat. The ftreets, in general, are
very long and broad. Some of them
are paved; others, particularly in the
{uburbs, are formed with trunks of
trees, or are boarded with planks like the
floor of a room. Wretched hovels are
blended with large palaces; cattages of
one ftory ftand next to the moft ftately
manfions; many brick ftructures, are co-
vered with. wooden tops: fome of the
wooden houfes are painted; others have
iron doors and roofs. Numerous churches
appear in every quarter, built in a peculiar
ityle of architeSture ; fome with domes of
coppers, o: ers of tin, gilt or painted
green ; and many are roofed with wood,
na word, fome parts of this vaft city
have the appearance of a fequeftered de-
fert; other quarters, of a populous town ;
fome, of a contemptible village; others, of
a great capital. Motcow is the largeft
city in Europe; its circumference, within
the rampart, that inclofes the fuburbs,
being 26 miles; but its population cor-
reiponds, in no degree, with its extent,
It contains within the. ramparts 250,000
fouls, and is’ {till the: moft populous city
in the empire, notwithftanding the refi-
dence of the court is at Peterfburgh, The
MOS
places. of divine worthip, including
chapels, amount to above 1000: of thete,
484 are public churches; 199 of which
are of brick, ftuccoed, or white wailed 5
and the others of wood, painted red.
Some of their bells are of a ftupendous
fize: they hang in belfries detached from
the church, are fixed immoveably to the
beams, and rung by a rope tied to the
clapper. It has always been efteemed
a meritorious act of religion to prefent a
church with bells; and-the piety of the
donor has been meafured by their mazni-
tude. Accordingly, Boris Godunuf, who
gave a bell of 238,000 pounds to the ca-
‘thedral of Mofcow, was the moft ‘pious
fovereign of Ruffia, till he was furpafled
by the emprets Ann, who prefented a |
bell that weighs 432,000 pounds, and is
the largeft in the known world. In the
cathedral of St. Michael, the fovereigns
of Ruffia were formerly interred: their
bodies are depofited in raifed fepulchres,
moftly of brick, in the fhape of a coffin,
above the pavement. Each tomb has,
at its lower extremity, a finall filver
plate, upon which is engraved the
name of the deceafed prince, and the
era of his death. Upongreat feftivals, all
thefe fepulchres are covered with rich
palls aie old or filver brocade, ftudded
with Be and jewels. The cathedral of
the Affumption of the Virgin Mary is the
magnificent in the city, and has
been long appropriated to the coronation
of the Ruffian fovereigns. Mofcow is
the centre of the inland commerce of
Rutha, particularly conneéting the trade
between Europe and Siberia. The navi-
gation to this city is formed iolely by
the Motkva, which falling into the Occa,
near Colomna, communicates, by that
river, with the Volga. But as the
Motkya.ismavigabie in the {pring only,
upon the melting of the fnows, the prin-
cipal merchandile is conveyed upon fledges
in winter. This city is 555 miles ssg
of Peterfburg, and 1200 » ‘y B of
Conftantinople. Lon. 37 31 £, lat. 5¢
45 .N.
MoseLteE, a department of France,
including part of the late province of
Lorrain. It takes its name from a river,
which rifes in the Vofges, waters Epinal,
reczives the Meurthe below Nanci, and
paiiing by Metz, Thionville, and Treves,
falls into the Rhine, at Cobientz. Meta
is the capital.
MoskogE. See MaELsTROOM.
Mosquito SHORE, a country of New
Spain, in N America, lying on the At-
lantic Osean, It extends eaftward from
MO:'S
Point Caftile, the boundary dividing it
from the bay of Honduras, to Cape Gra-
cios-a-Dios, 87 leagues; and fouthward,
from Cape Gracios-a-Dios to St. John’s
River, 94 leagues. ‘The interior part of
the country is bounded by the lake Nica-
ragua, and fenced by mountains fttetch-
ing to the weft. In magnitude it exceeds
Portugal; is well-watered by navigable
rivers and lakes; abounds in fifth, game,
and provifions of all forts ; furnifhes every
neceffary for raifing cattle and ftock, on
plantations of every kind and to any
extent: and is clothed with woods, pro-
ducing timber for every purpofe at land
or fea. The foil is fuperior to that of
the W India iflands: the air and cli-
nate are more falubrious; and the de-
ftructive ravages of hurricanes and earth-
quakes have never been known here.
The Mofquito Indians are fo fituate be-
twecn morafles and inacceffible mountaias,
and a coaft full of rocks and fhoals, that
no attempts againft them by theSpaniards,
whom they mortally hate, could ever
fucceed. Neverthelefs, they are a mild
and inoffenfive people, of great probity,
and will never truft a man who has once
deceived them. ‘They had fo great a ve-
neration for the Englifh, that they {pon-
taneoufly put themielves under the pro-
tection of the crown of Great Britain.
This was firft done, when the duke of
Albemarle was governor of Jamaica ; and
the king of the Mofquitos received a
conmiifion from his grace, under the feal
of that ifland; fince which time, they
were not only fteady in their alliance
with the Englifh, but warm im their
affection, and very ufeful to them on
many occaftons. When the king died,
the male heir went to Jamaica, to certify
that he was next in blood, and received a
commiffion in form from the governor of
Jamaica, to be king of the Mofquitos ;
till which, he could not be acknowledged
a» fuch by his countrymen. So fond were
they of every thing Englifh, that the com-
bior people were proud of every Chriftian
er furname given them by our feamen,
who conferred on their chief men the
titles of fome of our nobility. . But the
cormexion between the Englith and the
Mofquitos no longer fubfifts. By a con+
vention with Spain, in 1786, the Englith,
in confideration of certain ceflions on the
coatt of Honduras, agreed to evacuate this
country totally ; and it is now a‘ province
of Spain. See HONDURAS.
MosTAGAN, an ancient town of the
kingdom of Algiers, with a caftle and a
MOU
good harbour, §0 miles NE of Oran,
Lon, 0 30 £,y lat. 36 20 N.
Mostrar, a confiderable town of
Turkith Dalmatia, with a Greek arch.
bifhop’s fee, 20 milés N& of Narenta,
Lon. 18 37 E, lat. 43 48 N.
MosuL. See Mouswuu.
MoTata, a town of Naples, in Terra
d’Otranto, with a bifhop's fee, 15 miles
nw of Taranto. Lon. 17 14 £,y lat. go
46 N.
Moryr, an ifland of Afia, one of the
Moluccas, of great value to the’ Dutch, on
account of its fpices. Lon. 128 20 2,
lat. o ro S.
Morrit, a feaport of Spain, in Gra.
nada, with a good harbour, ‘feated on the
Mediterranean, 37 miles sE of Granada,
Lon. 3 28 w, lat. 36°32 Nn.
Mouags, a town of Arabia Felis,
capital of Yemen, feated in a fertils
country, 8o miles s of Sanaa. Lon, 46
35 E, lat. 1620 N.
Movupon, an ancient town of Swiffer.
land, capital of a bailiwie of the fame
name, in the Pays de Vaud, and formerly
of all that part of the country which be.
longed tothe duke of Savoy. The bailiff,
appointed by the canton of Bern, retides
in the caftle of Lucens, built on the tum.
mit of a mountain. It is 12 miles y
by £ of Lautanne. Lon. 6 58 £, lat,
46 41 .N.
Mouc-pDEN, or CHEN-YAN, the ca-
pital of the country of the Mantchew
Tartars, in E Chinefe Tartary. It is
440 miles NE of Pekin, Lon. 122 45 £,
dat. a1 $5 N.
Moutins, an epifcopal town of
France, in the department of Allier and
late province of Bourbonnois. It is feated
on the Allier, over which is a modern
bridge of 13 arches; takes its name from
the great number of mills [moulins] that
were formerly in its neighbourhood ; and
contains above 16,000 inhabitants. The
houfes of the late Chartreux, and of the
Vifitation, are’ magnificent. Its manu-
facture of cutlery ts in great eiteem. It
is 30 miles $ of Nevers, and 55 W of
Clermont. Lon. 3°25 8, lat. 46-34 N.
MOULINS-ENGILBERT, a town of
France, in the department of - Nievre
and late province of Nivernois, feated at
the foot of the mountains of Morvan, five
miles sw of Chateau-Chirion.
Movtran, 2 province of Hindooltan
Proper, bounded on then by Lahore,
on the ge’ by Delhi and Agimere, ‘on ‘the
8 by Guverity and ‘onthe wby Perfia
and Cardahar, Its produéts are cottoh,
fugit, OF
fudject
Moultan
king of
Mou!
cities of
province
{mall ex
fortified
reat Cd
a of |
of wart
or Cathe
on the t
feated oO
Indus, 2
sp of .C
aN. ,
Mou
in Dev
Way.
Meulto
bers to
Edward
and has
and felts
iniles $
af Lond
Mou
high pe
of Coo
height 3
rior to
Mou
Cornwa
the Liz
lofty pe
Michae
the xock
the Cor
noted |
whatev.
confides
Mot
fhire, j
rock, ©
hard.
rock, 1
ftreet
Mond:
miles
Londo
Mo
tejo, v
fluence
$7 mi
lat. 3%
Mo
in Afi
fuppli
{pring
it pre!
of Oran,
town of
meek arch.
pt Narenta,
Psy in Terry
€y 1§ miles
4 Es lat. go
one of the
Dutch, on
128 20 4,
in, in Gr.
ated on the
f Granada,
Abia “Felix,
1 a fertils
Lon, 46
of Swiffer.
f the fame
nd formerly
r which be.
The bailiff,
ern, retides
bn the tum.
2 miles y
58 E, lat,
Ny the ca-
Mantchew
ry. It is
(122455,
town of
Allier and
It is feated
a modern
name from
ulins] that
hood ; and
ints. The
anid of the
Its manu-
teem. It
L $s N of
46°-34.N.
town of
of Nievre
, feated at
orvan, five
Lindooftan
vy Lihore,
re; On the
“ey Periia
re cottob,
MOU
fugar, opium, galls, fulphur, &c. It was
fuviect: to the Selks; but its capital,
Moultan, has’ been garrijoned by the
king of Candahar, ever fince 1779+ |
MOULTAN, one of the moft ancient
cities of Hindooftan Proper, capital of a
yovince of. the fame pame. It is of
jmall extent for a capital, but ttrongly
fortified, and has a Hindoo. temple of
reat celebrity. © Here is. a particular
fect of Hiadoos, called Catry; a tribe
of warTiors,. fuppofed to be the Catheri
or Cathei, with whom Alexander warred
on the banks of the Malli. Moultan is
feated on one of the branches of the
Indus, 2r0,miles sw of Lahore, and 310
se of Candahar. Lon. 70 40 £, lat. 29
ZN. , - sot. 2%
: MountTon, SOUTH, a corporate town
in Deventhire, with a market pn Satur-
day. It was anciently, with .North
Moulton, a royal demefne, and fent mem-
hers to parliament in. the reign of
Edward x. It is governed by a -mayor,
and has mianutactures of ferges, fhaloons,
and felts. It is feated on the Moul, 12
miles sg of, Barnitaple, and 177 w hy s
af London, Lon. 3 55 Wy Iat. 51 5 N.
Mounr EDGECUMBE, a prodigious
high peak, on the w fide of the entrance
of Cook's Strait, in New Zealand. Its
height is fuppofed not to be much infe-
rior ta that of the peak of Teneriff.
MounTsRay, a hay on the $s coaft of
Cornwall, between the Land's End and
the Lizard Point. It. is fo named from a
lofty peninfulated rock, called Mount St.
Michael, which rifes within it. Among
the xocks, on this part of the coaft, breeds
the Cornifh,chough, or red legged crow,
noted tor ftealing and carrying away
whatever it finds. In Mecunttbay is a
confiderable pilchard fifhery.
MOUNTSORREL, a town in Leicefter-
fhire, at the foot of a high mount or
rock, of a {urrel-coloured ftone, extremely
hard. Of rough ftones, hewn out of this
rock, the buildings are ereéted and the
ftreet is paved. It has a market on
Monday, and is feated on the Stour, 20
miles ssE of Derby, and 105 NNW of
London, Lon. 1 9 wy lat. §2 45 N.
Moura, a town of Portugal, in Alen-
tejo, with an old caftle; feated at the con-
fluence of the rivers Ardita and Guadiana,
87 miles se of Lifbon. Lon. 5 59 wy
lat. 38 ON.
Mourzook, the capital of Fezzan,
in Africa, fituate on a fmall river, and
{upplied with water from a multitude of
{prings and wells. The medley which
it prefents to the eye, of the vat ruins of
M O W
ancient buildings, and the hu mble cottages
of earth and fand that form the dwellings
of its prefent Arab inhabitants, is fingu-
larly grotefque and ftrange. It is tur-
rounded by a high wall, with three gates,
at which is collefted a tax on all goods
(provifions excepted) that are brought
for the fupply of its people. A caravan
wrives annually from Meffurata at this
place; and hence the Fezzaners difpatch,
every year, a caravan to Cafhna, and
another to. Bornou. Mourzook is 262
miles s of Meffurata, 650 NW of Bornou,
and 710 N by E of Cafhna. Lon. 15 5
E, lat. 27 20 N.
Mowsrizrks, a town of France, in
the department of the Lower Alps and
late province of Provence, It is noted for
a manufacture of fine porcelain, and for
a ance famous pilgrimage, called Our
Lady of Beauvezer, feated between two
lofty and craggy mountains. It is five
miles Nx. of Riez, and 47 wNw of Nice,
MousuL, or MosuLr, 2 town of
Turkey in Afia, in Diarbeck, feated on
the Tigris. It,1s furrounded by high
walls, and defended by a caftle and ci.
tadel; but the houfes are in feveral places
gone toruin, It has a great trade, par-
ticularly in cloth, and all forts of cottons
and filks. At fome diftance from Mou-
ful is a mofque, in which they pretend
the praphet Jonah lies. The iraabitants
are Mahometans; but there are a great
number of Chriftians. In 1743, it was be-
fieged by the Perfians, but to no purpofe.
In 1758, this city and the adjacent coun-
try were vifited by a dreadful famine, in
confequence of the preceding hard winter,
and of the innumerable locufts by which
the fruits of the earth were deftroyed. It
is 130 miles sz of Diarbekar, and 190
Nw of Bagdad. Lon. 41 35 &, lat. 35
40 N.
MourtTier, or Monstrer, a town of”
Savoy, capital of Tarentefia, with an
archiepifcopal palace. It is feated on the
Ifere, 62 miles Nw of Turin. Lon. 6
23 Ey lat. 45 30 N.
Movuzon, an ancient town of France,
in the department of the Ardennes and
late province of Champagne, with a late
rich Benediftine abbey. It is feated on
the Meufe, eight miles se of Sedan,
and rro Neé of Paris. Lon. 5 10 5, Jat.
49 37 N.
Mowesg, one of the Sandwich Iflands,
162 miles in circumference. A’ low
ifthmus divides it into two circular pe-
ninfulas, of which the eaftern is deuble
the fize of the weltern. The mouutains
in both tise tw a great height, but the
i
a
i
om
ee
MUL
country prefents an appearance of ver-
dure and fertility. Near the w point
of the {maller peninfula is a fpacious
bay,, with a fandy beach thaded with
cocoa-nut trees: the hills behind rife in
a great variety of peaked forms; and
their fteep fides, and the deep chafins
between them, are covered with trees.
‘The inhabitants are computed at 65,000.
Lon. 175 56 W, lat.:20 53 N.
MoyYENvVIC, a town of France, in the
department of Meurthe and late province
of Lorrain, remarkable for its {alt-pits.
It is three miles from Vic, and 10 ss of
Nanci.
MozcisLaw, a ftrong town of Lithu-
ania, capital of a palatinate of the fame
name. it was almoft ruined by the Ruf.
fians in 1660, but is rebuilt. It is feated
en the Sofz, a2 miles s of Smolenfko,
Lon. 32 32 E, lat. 54 28 N.
Mucipan, a town of France, in the
department of Dordogne and late pro-
vince of Perigord, feated on the river
Iflc, 18 miles sw of Perigueux.
MueEnpe, a river of Germany, which
rifes in the archbifhopric of rir Bea
crofies Stiria, pafling by Judenburgh,
Luben, Muehr, and Gratz, and falls into
the Drave, near Kanifca, in Hungary.
MueEur, or MuzERAw, 4 confiderable
town of Germany, in the duchy of Stiria,
on the river Muchr,' 25 miles NW of
Gratz, and 40 sw of Neuftadt. Lon. 15
4F, lat. 47 16N.
' Mucosa, or Mucria, a town of
Jtaly, in Venctian Tfvia, with a caftle,
feated on a gulf of the fame name, five
miles se of 'Triett. Lon. 1425, lat.45
52N.
Mu IRKIRK, 2 town in Ayrhhire, feated
pn the river Ayr, and noted for a con-
fiderable iron-work.
MULL, one of the Weftern Iflands of
Scotland, 25 miles in length, and, in
fone places, of equal breadth. There
are many pood natural harbours; but
there is only one village, called ‘ober-
morey.. The {oil is, for the moft part,
rocky and barren; but the hills abound
with {prings, and are covered with cattle:
thefe, with the filhery, and a confiderable
quantity of kelp, are the only articles of
commerce, The ruins of feveral ancient
caftles are feen on this ifland.
MuLt oF CANTYRE. See Cane
TYRE.
MuLL or GaLLoway, a rocky pro-
montery, the mioft foutherly point of
Scotland, in the county of Wigton.
MuLbaw, a river of Bohemja, which
MUN
rifts oti the confines of Moravia, and rp.
ning by Budweis and Prague, falls into
the Elbe, at Melnick.
Mutporg, a town of Germany, in |
the archbifhopric of Saltzburg, feated on
the Inn, 37 miles Nw of Saltzburg, and
40 £ of Munichy Lon. 12 25 8, lat. 4g
ION,
MULHAUSEN, an imperial and han.
featic town of Germany) in Thuringia,
under the protection of the eleétor of
Saxony. _It is feated in a fertile country,
on the Unftrutht, 15 miles N& of Ejte.
nach, and 45 £ by $s of Caffel. Lon,
10 49E, lat. 51 13N.
MULHAUSEN, a town’ of Alface,
which, though intirely inclofed 4vithin
the dominions of France, is not only in
alliance with the Helvetic confederacy,
but is confidered as a part of it, and en.
titled to all its privileges. The walls of
the town inclofe a circumference of not
more than two miles; and its whole ter.
ritory’ is confined within a prerinét of
eight miles. The town contains 6000
inhabitants, who are proteftants; and
there are 2000 fubjects in its adjacent
villages. It owes its prefent flourithing
ftate to its manufaétures, which are chiefly
of printed linens and cottons. The go-
vernment is arifto-democratical. The
fupreme power refides in the great and
little council, confifting together of 7
perfons, and drawn from the burghers,
whofe number amounts to 700, diftributed
into fix tribes. Mulhaufen is 15 imiles
nw cf Bafil, Lon. 7 24.8, lat. 47 48 yn.
MULHIEM, a town of Germany, in
the electorate of Cologne, feated near the
Rhine, three miles from Cologne. Here
the few proteftants in Cologne are obliged
to go to perform divine fervice.
MULLERAS, 2 town of Germany, in
the middle marche of Brandenburgh, feated
on a canal cut between the Spree and
Oder, 40 mileo se of Berlin, Lon. 14
31 Ey lat. 52'314.N.
MULLINGAR, the county town of
Weft Meath, in Iveland. It holds 4
great wool mart, Js a place of good trade,
and fends two members to parliament.
It is feated on the Foyle, 38 miles w of
Dublin. Lon. 7 sow, lat. 53 30N.
Mutvia, a large river of Africa,
which has its fource in Mownt Atlas, and
dividing the empire of Morocco from the
kingdom of Algiers, falls into the Medi-
terranean Sea.
MuNpDa, an ancient town of Spain, in
Granada, 30 miles wNw of Malaga.
Lon. 4 3§ W, lat. 36 50 Ne
M
cated
Ulm.
adornt
Ajbrar
merit
25 ch,
of oné
adorn
marke
are m
cloth,
been
Gern
ia, and run.
) falls into
ermany, in 4
'» feated on
zburg, and
S$ Ey lat. 48
| and han.
huringia,
elector of
€ country,
E of Fife.
fel. = Lon,
if Alface,
fed Avithin
ot only in
nfederacy,
ty and en.
le walls of
nce of not
whole ter.
reringt of
aiNS 60009
Wits; and
$ adjacent
lourifhing
are chiefly
The po-
al. The
preat and
“d of 98
urghers,
iftributed
15 imniles
47 48N.
many, in
| near the
ce. Here
obliged
any, in
rh, feated
pree and
Lon. 14
own of
holds 4
bd trade,
liament.
les w of
lO N.
Africa,
las, and
from the
e Medi-
ain, in
Malaga.
MUN
MUNDERKINGEN, a town of Suabia,
‘ated on the Danube, 25 miles sw of
Ulm. Lon.9 438, lat.48 15N.
MuNDU, a city of Hindooftan Proper,
in the province of Malwa, of which it
was anciently the capital. It was then
a prodigious city, 22 miles in circuit,
and contained many monuments of ancient
magnificence; but it is fallen much to
decay. It occupies the top of a large
and lofty mountain, 46 miles s of Ougein,
aud 454 NE Of Bombay. Lon.75 47£,
jat.22 SON.
Munaars, or MUNKATS, a town of
Upper Hungary, with a bifhop’s fee, and
an impregnable cattle, feated on a high
rock, 50 miles NE of Tockay. Lon. 22
oF, lat. 48 30N.
Munia, or MENIE, an ancient and
confiderable town of Egypt, feated on thie
‘Nile. The veffels that go down the river
are obliged to ftop here and pay certain
duties.. There are feveral moigues and a
great number of granite pillars. It is
140 miles ¢ of Cairo. Lon. 31 20 E,
lat.27 45 .N.:
Municu, one of the moft populous
cities in Germany, capital of the duchy
of Bavaria, The houfes are high, and
the ftreets {pacious, with canals in many
of them. The. palace of the elector pala-
tine of the Rhine, as duke of Ravaria,
is a ftupendous ftructure, magnificently
adorned. ‘The cabinet of curiofities, the
Aibrary, the arfenal, and ducal gardens,
merit attention. The cathedral contains
25 chapels and 30 altars; alfo the tomb
of one of the emperors, of black marble,
adorned with ftatues of bronze. The
market-place is very beautiful; and here
are manufactures of filk, velvet, woollen
cloth, and tapeftry. ‘This place has often
been taken and retaken in the wars of
Germany; and, in September 1796, it
was attacked by the French, but the
Auftrians compelled them to retreat, It
is feated. on the Ifer, 15 miles se of
Augfburg, and 62 s by w of Ratifbon.
Lon. 11 368, lat.48 10N.
Munster, a province of Ireland, 13 5
miles long and 120 broad ; bounded on
the N by Connaught, on the Eby Leinf-
ter, and on the s and w by the Atlantic.
The chief rivers are the Sure, Audluffe,
Lee, Bande, Leane, and Cafhon. There
are a great many bays and harbours, and
many rich towns, and the air is mild and
temperate. Some places are mountainous,
but the vallies cre fruitful. The moft
general. commodities are corn, cattle,
wood» wool, and fifth. It contains fix
counties, one archbishopric, fire bifhop-
MUR
rics, and 740 parifhes. The counties are
Clare, Tipperary, Waterford, Cork,
Limerick, and Kerry. The principal
town is Cork.
Munster, a fovereign bithopric of
Germany, in the circle of Weftphalia,
120 miles in length and 80 in breadth.
The river Embs runs acrofs it, from § to
w. It is bounded on the Nn by the
counties of Bentheim and Stenfort, on
the £ by the bifhoprics of Ofnaburgh and
Paderborn, on the s by the county of
Marck, and on the w a the duchy of
Cleves and county of Zutphen.
Mywsver, a large and populous eity
of Weftphalia, capital of a bithopric of
the fame name, and of all Weftphalia.
Tt was free and imperial till 1661; but
to keep the inhabitants in awe, a citadel
was built, which ftands diftin@ from the
city. In 12533, a taylor, called John of
Leyden, made himfelf matter of the city,
and drove away the bifhop and magif-
trates ; but it was retaken.in 1536, after
14 months fiege, and this fanatic was
tortured to death with redhot pincers.
The famous treaty, called the treaty of
Weftphalia, was concluded here in 1648,
which ended the religious wars of 30
years continuance. It is feated on the
Aa, 7o‘miles N by £ of Cologne, and 77
s by wof Bremen. Lon. 7 39 £, lat. 52 oN.
MUNSTER, a town of France, in the
department of Upper Rhine and late pros
vince of Alface, with a late rich. Bene-
dictine abbey, 30 miles sw of Strafburg.
Lon.7 5 £, lat. 48 8N. ;
MUNSTERBURG. See MoNSsTER«
BERG.
MunsTeR-MEINFELD, a town of
Germany, in the electorate of Treves,
12 miles sw of Coblentz. Lon. 7 18 £,
lat. 50 19N.
Murano, an ifland and town of Italy,
a mile from Venice, formerly a very
flourifhing place, and has ftill fome
palaces that bear the marks ef former
magnificence, though now in a ftate of de-
cay. The ifland is {aid to contain 20,000
inhabitants. The great manu‘aSures of
looking-glafs are ine only inducements
for ftrangers to vifit this place, which
formerly terved all Europe with looking-
glaffes. Lon.12 5, lat. 45 26N.
MuRCIA, a proyince, formerly a king-
dom of Spain; bounded on the nN by
New Caftile, on the & by Valencia, on
the w by Andalufia and Granada, and
on the $s by the Mediterrancan. It is 62
miles long and 58 broad; and the prin.
cipal river is Serura. The {oil is dry,
and it produces little corn or wine: but
4
q
4
j
there is plenty of oranges, citrons, lemons,
olives, almonds, mulberries, rice, pulfe,
pe fugar. It has alfo a great deal of
fi k. , y
Murcia, 2 populous city of Spain,
capital of a province of the fame name,
with a bifhop’s fee. It has a fuperb ca-
thedral, the ftairs of whofe fteeple are fo
contrived, that they may be afcended
cither on horfeback or inacoach. There
are fine gardens about the city, in which
are the beft fruits in Spain. It is feated
on the Segura, 27 miles n of Carthagena,
and 212 se of Madrid. Lon.o 36w,
lat. 38 2N.
MURET, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Garonne and late pro-
vince of Gafcony, feated on the Garonne,
ro miles s of Touloufe. Lon.1 18£,
fat. 43 26 N.
Muro, an epifcopal town of Naples,
1 Bafilicata, hated at the foot of the
Appennines, 12 miles sz of Conza. Lon.
35 458, lat.4046N.
Murray FRritu, a confiderable inlet
of the fea, on the £ coaft of Scotland,
between ‘Tarbetnefs, in ‘Rofshhire, on
the n, and Brough Head, in Murrayfhire,
on the s.
' MURRAYSHIRE, or ELGINSHIRE, a
county of Scotland, bounded on the N b
the frith of Murray, on the £ by Banff-
fhire, on the s by Aberdeenfhire and In-
vernefsfhire, and on the w by that county
‘and Nairnefhire. It extends 50 miles
‘from sw to NE, and 20 along the coaft.
Its foil, for the greateft part, is rich, and
produces wheat, barley, oats, and flax.
The principal rivers are the Spey, Find-
horn, and Loffic. The county town is
Elgin.
MuRRHART, 2 town of Suabia, in the.
duchy of Wirtemburg, with a Benedictine
abbey. It is feated on the river Mur,
‘eight miles s of Halle. Lon. 9 51 £,
lat.49 14.N.
MUSSELBURG,a feaport in Edinburgh-
fhire, on the frith of Forth, at the mouth
of the river Efk.- Here a victory was
obtained by the Englifh over the Scots,
in the reign of Edward vi. It is fix
miles & of Edinburgh. Lon. 3 5 w, lat.
56 ON.
MusweE Lt HILL, a village in Middle-
f{ex, five miles N of London. It takes its
name from a famous well on the hill,
which belonged to. the fraternity of St.
John of Jerufalem, in Clerkenwell; and,
as this was deemed a miraculous cure for
all fcrofulous and cutaneous diforders,
they here built a chapel, with an image
of cur Lady of Mutwell, to which there
g
MYS
was a great refort of patients. This
well ftill belongs to the parifh of Clerken.
well, ’
MustTacam, a feaport of the kingdom
of Algiers, with a caftle, 140 miles w
of the city of Algiers. Lon.o 3 w, lat,
36 30N.
Musacra, 4 feaport of Spain, in Gra-
nada, with a ftrong caftle, feated on a
mountain, 27 miles NE of Almeria, and
62 sw of Carthagena. Lon.1 36 w,
lat. 37 11 N.
MuypeEn, a town of Holland, feated
on the Vecht, on the s coat of the Zuider.
Zee, feven miles £ of Amfterdam. Lon,
5 1, lat. 52 22 N.
MyceENE, formerly the capital of a
famous kingdom in the Morea, but now
reduced toa fmall village. _
Myconk, an ifland of the Archipela-
Bo. 30 miles in circumference. The
arbour is very open, and deep enough
for the largeft fhips, where they may ride
fecure from the N wind. The Toil is dry,
and the mountains are of a great height.
Water is very fcarce in fummer ; but in
the town is a large well, the only one in
the ifland. Here are plenty of partridges,
quails, woodcocks, turtledoves, rabbits,
and wheatears ; alfo excellent grapes and
figs. Almoft all the inhabitants are
Greeks, who have 50 churches in all;
but many are chapels ; and fome mona{-
terics. Lon.25 srk, lat. 37 28N.
Mysore, a kingdom in the peninfula
of Hindooftan, fubjeét to a celebrated
prince, named Tippoo Sultan, who ftyles
himielf regent of the country, His do-
minions comprehend, generally, the pro-
vinces of Myfore Proper, Bednore, Coim-
bettore, Canara, and Dindigul; befide
the conquefts of his father i der Ally
(who ufurped the throne) to the north-
ward, which are Meritz, Soonda, Chit-
teldroog, Harponelly, Sanore, Banca-
pour, Roydroog, Gooty, Condanore, Ca-
noul, and Cuddapa. The extent of his
territory, from N to s, is 550 miles;
its breadth, in the wideft place (the N
part of the peninfula) 330 miles, »but
proceeding to the s, it diminithes, till
it ends in a point. Its area has been
compared to that of Great Britain. By
the peace of 1782, Hyder Ally was to
relinquifh all but his ancient pofleffions.
How far his fucceffor fulfilled the terms
of that treaty, cannot eafily be afcer-
tained ; but, on the termination of the
war in 1792, that prince agreed, over
and above a large payment in money,
to cede one halt of his dominions to
the Englith E India Company, and theix
allie
the
rug¢
lies
capi
the y
capi
eigh
capit
Mahr
{tein,
» Thie
Clerken.
kingdom
miles w
3 W, lat.
in Gra-
ed on a
ia, and
1 36 w,
1, feated
Zuider.
Le Lon,
tal of a
but now
rchipela-
» The
) enough
may ride
I is dry,
height.
3 but in
ly one in
rtridges,
rabbits,
ipes and
eninfula
lebrated
ho ftyles
His do-
the pro-
py Coim-
3 befide
er Ally
e north-
As Chit.
Banca-
ore, Ca-
t of his
effions.
e terms
afcer-
of the
ad, over
money,
ions to
id ther
NAK
allies, the Mahrattas and the nizam of
the Deccan. Myiore, in general, is dry,
rugged, mountainous, and barren. It
lies between 10 and 16° N lat. The
capital’ is Seringapatam.
Mysore, ’a town and fortified pott of
the peninfula of Hindoottan, the ancient
capital of a kingdom of the fame name;
eight miles s of Seringapatam, the prefent
capital.
N
ABURG, a town of Germany, in
, Bavaria, feated on the river Nab,
10 miles sz of Amberg. Lon.12 138,
lat. §9 23.Ne
NaDEEGSDAs See KURILES.
NAERDEN, a ftrong town of Holland,
at the head of the canals of the province.
It has experienced many calamities ; par-
ticularly in 1572, when it was taken b
Fernando de Toledo, fon of the duke of
Alva, and all the inhabitarits, without
diftinétion of age or fex, wére maffacred.
It is feated on the Zuider Zee, 14 miles
E of Amfterdam, and 15 N of Utrecht.
Lon. § 9£, lat. 52 20N. .
NAGERA, a ‘town of Spain, in Old
Caftile, with a fort, three miles NW of
Calahorra, and 138 N cf Matrid. Lon.
210W, lat. 42.14.N. . .
NaGOLD, a town of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg, with a ftrong
caftle, 10 miles w of Tubingen.
NaGPour, a city of the Deccan of
Hindooftan, capital of that part of Berar
which is fubjeét to a chiet of the Eaftern ©
Mahrattas. It is extenfive and populous,
but meanly built ; and, excepting 2 finall
citadel, is open and defenceleis. » It is
560 miles w by s of Calcutta. Lon. 79
468, lat.21 8N.
NaH, a river of the palatinatd of the
Rhine, which flows by Birkenfeld, Ober-
ftein, Kreuzenach,-and Bingen, and. falls
into the Rhine. q!
NaIRNE, a borough and feapont, the
county-town of Nairnefhire ; feated at the
entrance of the frith of Murray, 10 miles
# of Invernels, and 104 N of Edinburgh.
Lon. 3 51 W, lat. 57:33N. |
NAIRNESHIRE, a county of Scotland,
15 miles long and 12 broad; bounded on
the N by the trith of Murray, and inclofed
onevery other fide by the counties of Inver-
nefsand Murray. The Joil, though rocky,
is rich, and, in general, well cultivated.
NAKSIVAN, a city of Armenia, capital
of a province of the fame name, with an
archbifhop’s ike. It is feated betwasn the
NAN
towns of Erivan and Tauris. Lon.4g
305, lat. 38 40N.
NAMARI, a mountain of Sicily, in the
Val-di-Demona, between Meffina, ‘Taor-
mina, and Melazzo.
NAMPTWICH, a town in Chefhire,
with a market on Saturday. It is well
built, and has a large church, in the
form of a crofs, with the tower in the
middle, Here are {alt {prings, on the
banks of a trefh-water ftream, trom which
are made great quantities of white falt.
The principal dairies of Chethire ‘are
about this town, and it has a confiderable
trade in cheefe and falt. It is feated on
the Weaver, 26 miles sz of Chefter, and
rh Nw of London. Lon. 2 25 w, lat. 53
N.
NaMurR, a county of the Auftrian
Netherlands, 30 miles long and 20 broad 5
bounded on the N by Brabant, on the g
and’s by the bifhopric of Liege, and on
the w by Hainault. It is pretty fertile;
has feveral forefts, marble quarries, and
mines of iron, lead, and.coal. ‘Ihe rivers
Maefe and Sambre divide it into three
parts, nearly of equal extent.
Namur, a city of the Auftrian Nether-
lands, capital of the county of Namur,
and a bifhop’s fee. It has a cattle, in
the middle of the town, ona craggy rock,
and feverai forts. In 1692, it was taken
by Lewis xivy in.perfon, after a fiege of
fix days only; and in 1695, it was res
taken by king William, after a long and
bloody fiege, although defended by 16,000
men, and an army of 100,000 more, ‘in
the neighbourhood. On the death of
Charles 14 of Spain, the French feized
this city; but it was ceded to the houle
of Auftria by the peace of Utrecht. In
1715, it was allowed te be garrifoned by
Dutch troops, as one of the barrier towns
of the United Provinces. In 1746, it
was taken by the French, but reftored in
4748. . In 1782, the'emperor Jofeph de-
dtroyed the fortifications of all the barrier
towns, except thofe’ of Namur, from
which, however, he expelled the Dutch
‘garrifon. In 1792, it was again taken
by the French, who were compelled to
evacuate it the following year, but they
retook it in 1794. It ia feated between
two mountains, at the confluence of the
Maefe and Sambre, 24 miles wsw of
Liege, and 32 88 of Bruffyls. Lon. 4 50
E, at. 50 20 N. . :
Nane@, a famous city of France, in
the department of Meurthe and late duchy
of Lorrain, with a bifhop’s fee. It
contains 34,000 inhabitants, and is die
vided, by a ian - the old town and
NAN
ew. The firk, though irregularly built,
is tich and populous, and contains the
palace of the ancient dukes of Lerrain ;
and their tombs are ina rich faluon, which
adjoins the church of the late Cordeliers.
The new town, whofe {treets are pextectly
ftraight, was already one of the finelt.in
Evrope, before the magnificent works
with which Staniflaus 1, titular king of
Poland, and duke of Lorrain, enriched
it. The cathedral is a duperb ftructure.
Nanci is 25 miles 9 by E of Metz, and
a3z E£ Of Paris. Lon. 6 17, lat. 48
UN.
; NanF10, an ifland of the Archipelago,
a little to the N of that of Santorini. It
is 16 miles in circumference, and abounds
with partridges, but has no harbour, nor
fprings {uflicient to water the fields. The
inhabitanis are all Greeks, and their
trade is in onions, wax, and honey. The
ruins of the temple of Apollo are yet to
be feen, and coniifts chiefly of marble co-
lumns. Lon.26 108, lat. 36 r5N.
NANGASACKI, a city of Japan, in the
ifland of Ximo-Filen, with a well-fre-
quented harbour. The inhabitants carry
on a great trade with the Chinefe and
Duteh. The latter are never fuffered to
come.intothe city, unlefs when their thips
arrive, and then they deliver up their
guns, helms, and fails, as pledges of
their good behaviour. Lon. 128 526,
lat. 42 32N.
NANG-KANG-FOU, a City of China, in
the province of Kiang-fi, feated on lake
Po-yang, and containing four cities of the
third clafs in its diftriét.
NAN-KING, or KIANG-NING-FOU, a
city of China, capital of the province of
Kiang-nan. It is the largeft in China,
being. 17 miles in eircumference, and
three diftant from the river Yang-tife-
kiang, from which canals are cut, {fo
Jarge, that veffels. may enter the town.
This place is greatly fallen from its an-
eient {plendour; for it had: a magnificent
palace, which is quite deftroyed, as well
as many ancient monuments ; anda third
part of the city itfelf is detolite. The
dtreets are narrow, but handfome and
‘well paved. The public buildings are
mean, except a few temples, the city
gates, and a tower of porcelain, 200 feet
high. It is 500 miles ssz of Pekin.
Lon. 119 25 By lat. 32.46N.
NAN-NGAN-FOU, a beautiful and: po-
pulous city of China, in the province of
Kiang-fi, containing,’ in ite diftrict, four
cities of the third clafs.. It is:¢oo uniles
-N. by. E af Cartton.
.. NAN: TCHANG-FOU, a city of China,
iz
NAP
capital of the province’ of Kiang-fi. It is
the refidence of a viceroy, and compre.
hends eight cities in its diitrict.
NaNTES, an ancient and flourifhing
commercial town of Frange, in the de.
partment of Lower Loire and late pro-
vince of Bretagne, with a bifhop’s {ee,
and 2 univerfitys It was formerly the
refidence of the dukes of Bretagne, whe
built a ftrong caftle on the fide of the
river, which {till exitts. The cathedra}
contains the tombs of the ancient dukes,
The bridges over the Loire, in which are
fome iflands, are almoft a league in length,
The fuburbs are fo large,’ that they ex-
ceed the city. Theinhabitants are com-
puted at 60,000. Since the peace in
1783, Nantes has had a confiderable thare
in the commerce with the United States,
A great quantity of {alt is made in the
territory of Nantes, beth at the bay of
Bourgneuf, and in the falt marthes of
Guerande and Croific. Large veflels can
come no higher than. Port Launai, which
is. 12 miles ‘from Nantes. Jt was in this
place that ‘Henry 1v promulgated the
famous edict, in 1598, in favour of the
proteftants, which was revoked in 1685,
by Lewis xiv. In 1796, the theatre
here took fire, during a time of pertorm-
ance, and feveral pertons loft their lives.
Nantes is 58 miles s by £ of Rennes, and
217 sw of Paris. Lon. 1 45 Wy, lat. 47
13N.
NANTWA, 2 town of France, in the
department of Ain and late province of
‘Brefle, ftuate at the extremity of a great
lake of the fame name, 18 miles se of
Bonrg.
NANTUCKET, an ifland of N America,
in the ftate of Maflachufets, of which it
is a county. It lies to the s of Cape
Cod, and had once the moft confiderable
whale fifhery on the ccaft; but it was al-
moft ruined by the civil. war. As the
ifland is low, iandy, and barren, the in-
habitants depend almoft intirely on the
watry element for fubfiftence. It has
but ane town, called Sherburne, which is
80 miles s of Bofton. Lon. 70 30 w,
lat. 41 ON.
_ NAPAUL, a province of Hindvoftan
Proper, bounded on the s by Bahar, on
the w by Oude and Rohidcund, on the
Nw by Sirinagur, and on the NE and £
by the ridge of mountains called Himma-
leh, by which it is feparated from Thi-
bet. Catnfandu is the capital,
NaPes, a kingdom of Italy, bounded
onithe Nw by the £cclefiaftical State, on
the s and w by the Mediterranean, and
on thee by the gulf of Venice. Its ex.
tent
fror
divi
Ter
Feli
ores
ere
and
and
tor
Pugl
Afte
beca
cleve’
called
The |
allegi:
niello;
able 'p
when
gene,
treaty
vered,
and th
now k
of the
bria.
peciall
and it
ftant a
in fon
or fev
difagr
firocc,
mon ‘tf
laxing.
higher
ramy. 1
tain.
or {nox
eountr
termed
with. g
It is
2Mpres
rifhin
he de
e pro-
»’s fee,
rly the
e, whe
of the
thedral
dukes,
ich are
length,
hey ex-
re com-
eace in
le thare
States,
: in the
bay of
‘thes of
Fels can
» which
: in this
ted the
- of the
n 1685,
theatre
pertorm-
ix lives.
nes, and
» lat. 47
, in the
bvince of
a great
PS SE of
America,
which it
of Cape
fiderable
was al-
As the
, the in-
on the
It has
hich is
O 3° W;
ndooftan
ahar, on
| on the
E and £
imma-
Dm, Thi-
bounded
tate, om
han, and
Its ex-
NAP
tent from Nw to SE is 280 miles, and
from NE to sW from 96 to 100. It is
divided inta twelve provinces; namely,
‘Terra di Lavora (the ancient Campania
Felix) Principato Citeriore and Ulteri-
ore, Molife, Bafilicata, Calabria Citeri-
ere and Ulteriore, Abruzzo Citeriore
and Ulteriore, Capitanata, Terra di Bari,
and Terra d’Otranto; the laft three
forming the ancient Apulia, now called
Puglia, on the g fide of the kingdom.
After many revolutions, the Normans
became matters of this country, in the
eleventh century ; and the fovereigns were
called counts, then dukes, and afterward
kings of Puglia: but, in 1282, Peter riz,
king of Arragon, caufed all the Normans
in the iftand ot Sicily to be maflacred;
and this maflacre was called the Sicilian
Vefpers. After this, Puglia was joined
to Sicily; and hence the iovereigns took
the tithe of King of the Two Sicilies,
It has, alfo been called the kingdom of
Naples, from. its capital. France and
Spain: contended for the fovereignty in
the fequel, and bloody wars and, revolu-
tions:were the confequence. The French
being defeated ‘by tle Spaniards in 1504,
Lewis x1 formally renounced all preten-
fions to the crown. and the country was
governed by Spanifh viceroys. In 1647,
happened the dreadful infurre&tion of
Maifaniello in. the city of ‘Naples, b
which the Spaniards:were nearly expelled.
The people, however, returning to their
allegiance, on the affaffinatien of Mafla-
nielioy the’ Spaniards continued in peace-
able poffeflion:of the: kingdom: till 1707,
when it. was conquered by prince Eu-
gene, and ceded to the emperor by the
treaty of Raftadt in 1714. It was reco-
vered, however, by the Spaniards in 1734;
and the elde{t fon of the king of Spain is
now king of Naplesand Sicily. The title
of the king’s:eldeft fon is Prince of Cala-
bria. ‘The climate is extremely hot, ef-
pecially ify July, Auguét, and September ;
and is faid to’ be one of the: moft incon-
{tant and. untavorableto. valetudinarians :
in fome feafons it vains’every day for fix
or {even weeks together. . But the moft
di‘agreeable part of the climate is the
firocc, or? SE ‘avind, which is very com-
mon ‘in. May, and is infinitely more re-
laxing, and gives the vapours in a much
higher; degree, than the worft of the
rainy. month of November,.in Great Bri-
tains In winter there’ safeldom any ice
or fhow, except on the snountains. The
entry, on account of. its’ fertility, is
termed a terreftrial patadife: it abounds
with. grain, ‘the fineit fruits and vegeta-
N A P
bles, rite, flax, oil, wine, faffron, and
manna and 3fords alum, vitriol, fulphur,’
rock-cryftal, marble, minerals, and fine
wool: and filk. Befide the manutaétures
noticed in the account of the city of Na-
ples, waiftcoats, caps, ftockings, and
gloves are alfo made of the hair or fila-
ments of a fhellfith, which are warmer
“than thofe of wool, and of a beautiful
glofly green. The principal mountains
are the Appennines, which traver(e thie
country from s to N; and the celebrated
voleano, Mount Veluvius. One of the:
greateft inconveniences to which this’
kingdom is expofed is earthquakes (fee
CaALABRIA) which the eruptions of
Mount Veiuvius contribute, in {ome mea-
fure, to prevent. The eftablifhed relis
gion is the Roman: catholic ; and the
clergy and convents poiiefs two thirds of
the whole kingdom ; but the ‘Gee are
allowed to fettle here. The inhabitants
of this country have, at all times, ban
but an indifferent character among other
nations: gluttony is here a predominant
vice, while inftances of ebriety are com-
paratively rare. In the female fex, the
paffion for finery is almoft fupericr to any
other; and though chaitity is not the cha-
raéteriftic virtue of the country, yet a
Neapolitan woman would, for the moft
part, prefer a prefent to a lover. That
furious jealoufy, for which the nation
was once fo remarkable, is now greatly
abated. The breach of the conjugal vow
fometimmes occafions quarrels and affaffina-
tions among people of an inferior rank 5
and, in the metropolis, affaffinations are
often perpetrated trom much lefs cogent
motives. Of thefe vices, many are doubt«
lefs owing to the flavery and oppreffion
under which they groan, and to a radical
defect in the adminiftration of juttice.
NAPLES, an ancient and large com».
mercial city of Italy, capital of a king*
dom of the fame name, with an archbi=
fhop’s fee, and a univerfity. It is feated
atithe bottom of the bay of Naples, and
is built in the form of a vaft amphithes
atre, floping from the htlls to the fea.
Although the ityle of architecture is infe-
rior to what prevails at Rome, and it can-
not vie with that city in the number of
palaces, or in the magnificence of the
churches, the private houfés, in general,
are better built, and the {treets are broad-
er and better paved. The houfes, in ge.
neral, are five or fix ftories in height, and
flat at the top; on which are placed
numbers of flower vafes, or frttit trees,
in boxes of earth. The fortreis of St.
Elmo is built on sir ana of the fame
Dd z
NAP
name, and has the intire command of the
town. Lower down on the fame moim-
tain, in a delightful fituation, is a con-
vent of Carthulians, on which much ex-
nee has been lavifhed, to render the
vilding and the gardens equal to the
fiiuation. Naples.is admirably fituate
for commerce, and has all the neceffaries
and luxuries of life in great profufion ;
but trade is in a languthhing condition.
The chief articles manufactured here are
filk: ftockinys, foap, {nuff-boxes of tor-
toifefhe!] and of the lava of Mount Ve-
fuvius; tables, and ornamental furniture, .
of marble. ‘They ure thought to em-
broider here better than in France; and
their macaroni, contections, and cordials
are in the highelt efteem. The imhabi-
tants are computed to be 350,000; which
is very probable; for though Naples is
not one third of the fize of London, yet
many of its ftreets are more crowded, and
a great proportion of the pooreft fort are
obliged to {pend the night in them for
want of habitations. ‘There is not a
city in the world, perhaps, with the fame
number of inhabitants, in which fo few
contribute to the wealth of the commu-
nity, by ufeful and productive labour, as
Naples ; for the number of priefts, monks,
fidlers, lawyers, nobility, footmen, and
lazzaroni, or vagabonds, furpaffes all rea-
fonable proportion; and the laft alone are
computed at above 30,000. The nobi-
lity are exceffively fond of {plendaw: and
fhow; as appears by the brilliancy of
their equipages, the number of their
attendants, Aa richnefs of their dre{s,
and the grandeur of their titles. The
king, it is faid, counts a hundred perfons
with the title of prince, and ftill a greater
number with that of duke, among his
fubje&ts.,. A few of thefe have eftates,
from 10 to 13,0001, a year; a confiderable
number have fortunes of about half that
amount ;. and the annual revenue of many
is under 20001. The inferior orders of
nobility are much pgorer; many counfs
and marquifes not having gool. a year
paternal eftate; many ftill lefs; and not
a tew enjoy the title without any eftate
whatever. Although the churches and '
convents of Naples are not to be come
pared with thofe at Rome in point of ar.
chiteéture, they furpais them in. rich
jewels, and in the quantity of filyer and
golden crucifixes, veffels,, and. other or-
naments. - The cathedral is..a noble Go-
‘thic edifice, in which are kept the. head
and blood of St. Januarius, the tutelary
faint of Naples; the latter, in two gla(s
ox cryttal vials» The pretended liquetac-
NAR
tion of the dry blood, as fuon as broughe’
near the head of the faint, is well known;
and Mr. Addifon fays, it is one of the
moft bungling tricks he ever faw. Of
all the palaces, that of the king is not.
only the moit magnificent, but in the:
beft ftyle of architecture. The harbour,
which is fpacious, is proteéted by a mole,
two caftles, and feveral batteries, but
thefe could not. proteét the city from a
bombardment. The bay of Naples is
one of the fineft in the world, being al.
mott of a circular figure, 30 miles in di.
ameter; fhut out trom the Mediterranean
by the ifland-of Caprea, and three parts
of it fheltered by a noble circuit of woods
and mountains. Naples is 110 miles se
of Rome, 217 8SE of Florence, and 300
s by'e of Venice. Lon. 14 208, lat,
40 55.
NAPOLI-DI-MALVASIA, a feaport of
the Morea, capital of the ifland of Mal-
vafia, feated on a rock, at the entrance
of the bay of Napoli-di-Romania.. It is
defended by a good citadel; has a fine
harbour, and a long wooden bridge, which
joins it to the mainland. It gives name
to that excellent wine, called Malmiey ;
and was anciently noted for the temple of
4© ulapius. It is 42 miles se of Na-
poli-di-Romania. Lon. 23 22 8, lat.
36 57 Ne
NaPOL1-D3-ROMANIA; a feaport of
the Morea, and an archbifhop's fee, feat-
ed at the bottom of a bay of the fame
name. It has a large harbour, with a
narrow mouth, through which ene thi
only can enter at atime. It is inhabited
by 60,000 Greeks, befide people of dit-
ferent nations, and very ftrong both by
nature and art. It is 56 miles sw of
Athens. Lon. 23 4 &£, lat. 37 36.N.
NarA, a town of Japan, in the ifland
of Niphon, with a maghtificent caftle, 25
miles Nw of Meaco. Lon. 134 15 £,
lat. 35 50 N.
- NARBARTH,; .2 town in Pembroke-
fhire, with an old caftle, and a market on
Wednefday.. It-is feated ona hill, 12
miles NE of Pembroke, and 229 w by
N-o/;London. Lon. 4 46 wy lat. 51
50 8, “he
NARBONNE; an ancient city of France,
in the department of Aude and late pro
vince of Languedoc. Before the revolue
tion of 1789, it was an archiepiicopal
fee. _ In the time of the Romans, it was
the capital of that part of Gaul, called
Gallia Narbonenfis ; and here the em-
eror ‘Marcus Aurelius was born. Some
oman infcriptions, in different parts of
the city, are fill vifible; and the canah
fram
to t
Rom
hone
for if
the N
boufe
N
rica,
Narb
to th
Il.
N
in T¢
20mi
Jat. 4
N
a bi
fame
18 2
N
Sabin
the 1
Aug
feet |
aqued
at the
roughe’
Nown ;
of the
ry Of
is not
in the:
dour,
1 mole,
35 but
rom a
ples is
ing al.
in di.
ranean
> parts
woods
iles se
nd 300
E, Jat.
port of
f Mal-
ntrance
It is
) a fine
» which
$ name
lmiey ;
mple of
of Na-
Ey lat.
port of
Cs feat.
e fame
with 4
ne fhip
habited
of dit.
both by
sw of
6N.
e ifland
aftle, 25
15k)
broke-
ket on
pill, 12
> w by
fat. 51
France,
ate pro
revolue
pilcopal
at was
» called
he em-
Some
parts of
€ Gahah
NAR
fram the river Aude; through the city,
to the Mediterranean,-was cut by the
Romans. Narbonne is famous for its
honey, and the cathediral is remarkable
for its noble choir, It is five miles from
the Mediterranean, and 75 & by s of ‘Tou-
loufe. Lon. 3 6 8, lat. 43 11 N.
NARBOROUGH, an ifland of $ Ame-
rica, on the coaft of Chili, where fir Joha
Narborough refrefhed his men, when ent
to the South Sea in the reign of Charles
u. Lon. 74 39 wy, lat. 45 ON.
NARDO, a populous town of Naples,
in Terra d’Otranto, with a bifhop’s fee,
zomiles Nw of Otranto. Lon. 18 16 By
Jat. 40 18 N.
NARENTA, a town of Dalmatia, with
a bifhop’s fee, feated on a gulf of the
fame name, 46 miles NE of Ragufa. Lon.
18 27 By lat. 43 35 N.
NARNI, an ancient town of Italy, in
Sabina, with a bifhop’s fee. Here are
the ruins of a marble bridge, built by
Auguftus, one of whole arches was 150
feet high, and 200 broad; as alfo of an
aqueduct that brought water from a {pring
at the diltance of 15 miles: It contains
a great many noble familes, and is feated
on the Nera, 20 miles sw of Spoletto,
and 40 NE of Rome.
NaRova, a river of the Ruffian em-
pire, which iffues from the lake Peipus,
and watering Narva, flows into the gulf
of Finland, eight miles below that town.
It-is noted for two cataracts, pompoully
defcribed by travellers, but they are far
inferior to that of the Rhine, at Lauffen.
NARSINGAPATAN, a town of the pe-
nintula of Hindoottan, in the territory of
Bifnagur. It was the refidence formerly
of a king, and is fituate 400 miles sz of
Bombay. Lon. 76 10 8, lat. 15 30 N.
- Narva, a ftrong town of the Ruffian
empire, in Ingria, or the government of
Peterfburgh. ‘The houfes are: built of
brick -ftuccoed white; and: it has more
the appearance of:a German than of a
‘Ruffian town. | In the fuburbs, called
Ivangorod, are the {tupendous remains
of an ancient fortrefs, built by Ivan
_ Vaffilivitch the Great, which impend
over the tteep banks of the Narova. Jn
1700, Charles x11 of Sweden obtained 2
gveat vidtory here over. Peter the Great.
Five years after, the czar took the town
by affault; and, notwithftanding his na-
tural favage charaéter, faved the town,
by his own perfonal exertions, from pil-
lage and maffacre. The principal ex-
ports from Narva are hemp, flax, timber,
and corn, It is fituate on the Narova,
eight miles from its mouth, and 106 w
NAV
of Peterfburgh. Lon. a7 52 x, Jat. 9
18 N.
Narwah, or NaRwha, a town of
Hindooltan Proper, in the province of
Agra, feated neargthe Sinde, which falls
below it into the Jumna. It is 127
miles 5 of Agra. Lon. 79 17 £, lat. 25
40 N.
Nasesy, a village in Nort!ampton-
fhire, famous for the decifive victory gain-
ed by the army of the parliament over
that of Charles 1, in 1645. It is ta
miles N of Northampton. |
Nassau, acounty of Germany, in the
circle of the Upper Rhine; bounded on
the N by Welftphalia, on the E by the
county of Solmes, on the s by the terri-
tory of Mentz, and on the w by tiv elec-
torate of Treves. It is very tertile, and
contains mines of iron, copper, and lead.
NASSAU, a town of Germany, capital
of a county of the fame name, the houfe of
whole fovereign is divided into feveral
branches. It is feated on the river Lahn,
12 miles sE of Coblentz. Lon. 7 42 E,
lat. s0 18 N.
Nara, a feaport of S America, in the
government of Panama, feated in a fertile
country, onthe bay of Parita, 70 miles
sw of Panama. Lon. 81 15 w, lat. 8
10 N.
NATAL, 2 country on the E coaft of
Africa, laying nz of the Cape of Good
Hope, inhabited by the Bofhman Hotten-
tots. See HoTTenrorTs, COUNTRY OF
THE.
NATCHITOCHES, a river of Louifiana,
which falls into the Miffiffippi, at Point
Coupee.
NaTOLia, a country, formerly called
Afia Minor. It is the mott weftern part
of Turkey in Afia, extending trom the
Euphrates as far as the Archipelago, the
ftrait of Gallipoli, the tea of Marmora,
and the {trait of Conftantinople. It is
bounded on the n by the Black Sea, and
on the s by the Mediterranean. The air
is temperate and wholelome, and the {foil
getielly tertile. It is crofled by a chain
of mountains, ‘formerly called Taurus,
from £ to w, and watered by a great
number of rivers.
NavaRINO, a ftrong “nd populous
town of the Morea, with an excellent
latge harbour, defended by two forts. It
is feated on a hill, near the fea, eight
miles NE of Modon, and 17 Nw of Co-
ron. Lon. 21 40 £, lat. 37 2 N.
NavaRRE, a kingdom of Europe, ly-
ing between France and Spain, and di-
vided into the Upper and Lower. The
Upper belongs to rae and is 75 miles
3
wee ee
ee ee ee ee
he
Pe
t
NA X
in | ngth and 60 in breadth. The air is
more mild, temperate, and wholefome,
than in the neighbouring provinces of
Spain; and, though a mountainous coun-
try, it is pretty fertileg abounding in ail
forts of game, and jn iron mines. It is
divided into five diftricts, whofe capital
towns are Pampeluna, Eftella, Tudela,
Olita, and Se. Guetca. Lower Navarre
belongs to France, and is included in the
territory of Baiques and department of
the Lower Pyrenees. It 1s feparated
from Spanith Navarre by the Pyrenees,
and is a mountainous, barren country,
20° miles in length and 12 im breadth.
From this country, the late king of
France took his other title of king of
Navarre. See PALAIS, ST.
NAVARREINS, a town of France, in
the departinent of the Lower Pyrenees
and late territory of Bearn, feated on the
Gave d’Oleron, 26 miles sz of Bayonne.
Lon. o 45 w, lat. 43 19 Ne
NAv1DAD, a feaport of New Spain,
feated on the Pacific Ocean, 350 miles
w of Mexico. Lon. 106 0 Wy lat. 19
ON.
NavicaTors Isuanps, a clufter of
iflands in the § Pacific Ocean. The in-
habitants are a ttrong and handfome race ;
fearcely a man to be feen among them
Jefs than fix feet high, and well propor-
tioned. ‘The women are delicately beau-
tiful ; their canoes, houfes, &c. well
conftruSed; and they are much more ad-
vanced in internal policy, than any of the
iftands in this ocean. Lon. 169 ow,
Jat. 14 19 Ss. Sce Macuna.
NAUMBURG, a town of Upper Saxony,
capital of the duchy of Saxe Naumburg,
feated'on the Sala, 37 miles NE of Ertort,
and 60 w otf Drefden. Lon. 12 20£,
Jat. 51 12 N.
NaxXKOwW, a town of Denmark, in the
ifle of Laland, with a harbour commo-
dious for trade, and a plentiful fithery
here. It is 60 miles sw of Copenhagen.
Jon. 11 31 Ey lat. 54 52 N.
Naxos, or. Naxia, a. corfiderabdle
ifland of the Archipelago,,25 miles in
Jength and 88 ‘in circumference. It
abounds with orange, olive, lemon, cedar,
citron, pomegranate, fig, and, mulberry-
trees ; and, though it has no harbour,
¢arries on a confiderable trade in barley,
wine, oil, figs, cotton, filk, flaxy cheefe,
{alt, oxen, fheep, and mules. It is inha-
bitcd both by Greeks and Latins, has
four archiepifcopal fees, and a great
many villages; but the whole ifland does
not contain above 8000 inhabitants. The
highef{t mountain is Zia, which, fignifies
zhe mountain of Jupiter; But there “are
NEA
no antiquities, except fome final! remains
of a temple of Bacchus. The femile
drefs of this ifland has fomething ridi-
culous in its appearance, ‘The two wings
of black velvet, which they fix behind to
their shoulders, are altogether prepofte.
rous. The Greek women at i ie co.
ver their breaits with a fingle gauze; at
Naxia, they wear a heavy ftomacher or
breaft-piece of velvet, covered with em.
broidery and finall pearls. If viewed
behind, it is difgufting to {ce round their
loins what, for want of a better name,
may be called a circular fhelf, calculated
to fupport the ends of a kind of laced
lappets hanging down from their fhoul-
ders, They add to this romantic cum.
brous drefs all the coquetry of behaviour
they can afflume. ‘They paint, blacken
their eyebrows and eyclafhes, and cover
their faces with patches, made of a black
fhining tale, which they find in the ifland,
Naxos,.or Naxta, the capital of the
ifle of Naxos, with a caftle and two ar.
chiepiicopal fees, the one Greek and the
other Latin. The greateft part of the
inhabitants are Greeks. Lon. 25 59 £,
lat. 37 8.N. ;
NAZARETH, a town of Paleftine, fa.
mous for being the refidence of Jetus
Chrift, in the early part of his life. It
is now nothing but a village, where the
monks of St. Francis have a convent,
Lon. 35 20 £, lat. 32 30 N.
NAZARETH, @ town of the United
States, in Pennfylvania, It isa flourifh.
ing fettlement of the Moravians, and is
fituate 10 miles N of Bethlehem and 63
of Philadelphia.
Naze, or CAPE LINDENAS, the moft
fouthern promontory of Norway. Lon,
7 20 E, lat. 57 30 N,
NgaGuH, Louau, a lake of Ireland,
f,cuate in the counties of Armagh, Down,
Antrim, Londonderry, and Tyrone. It
is the largeft in Europe, thofe of Ladoga
and Onega in Ruffia, and that of Geneva
in Swiflerland, excepted ; being 20 miles
long .and 15 broad. It is remarkable
for a healing virtue, and alfo for petrify-
ing wood, which is not only found in the
water, but in the adjacent foil, at a cons
fiderable depth.
NEATH, a corporate town in Glamor.
ganthire, with a market on Saturday, fitu-
ate on the river Neath, over which is a
bridge, where {mall veffels come to load
coal, In the neighbourhood are iron for-
ges, finelting works for copper, and coal
mines; and on the other fide of:-the river
are the ruins of a fine monaftery. It is
governed by a portreeve, who is,fworn in
by the deputy conftable of the caftle of
remains
female
ig vidi.
Oo wings
shind to
repofte.
Ma Co~
uze; at
cher or
‘ith em.
viewed
nd their
r naine,
Iculated
of laced
yr fhoul.
ic cum.
haviour
blacken
d cover
a black
e ifland,
1 of the
two ar.
and the
of the
5 59 Es
‘ine, fa.
f Jetus
life. It
here the
onvent,
United
flourifh.
and is
and 63
he moft
Lon,
Ireland,
» Down,
yne. It
Ladoga
Geneva
bo miles
harkable
petrify-
id in the
& CON.
lamor-
ay, fitu-
ch is a
to load
ron fors
and coal
@ river
It is
om in
aftle of
NEG
Neath, and feated near the Briftol Chan-
nel, 32 miles Nw of Landaff, and 200
w by N of Londes. Lon. 3 45 Wy lat.
5! 43 N.
NEATH, a river in Glamorganhhire,
which runs into the Briftol Channel, be-
low the town of Neath.
Nes, ariver in the [fle of Man, whigh
runs into the Irith Sea, at Peel Caftle.
Nes10, or Nepsio, a ruined: city on
the N fide of the ifland of Corfica, with a
bifhop's fee, whofe bithop refides at St.
Fiorenzo, a mile diftant.
NECKAR, ariver of Germany, which
rifes in the Black Foreft, crofles the duchy
of Wirtemburg, and the palatinate of the
Rhine, and falls into the Rhine, at Man-
heim.
Necxars-GEMUND, a town of Ger-
many, in the palatinate of the Rhine,
feated on the Neckar. Lon. 9 §5 £, lat.
49 26N.
NECKARS-ULM, 2 town of Germany,
in the circle of Franconia, feated on the
Neckar. It belongs to the grand-matter
of the Teutonic order. Lon.g 5 £, lat.
49 22.N.
NEEDHAM, a town in Suffolk, with a
market on Wednefday. It has fome
trade in Suffolk-blues, and cloths; and
women are employed in fpinning and
weaving bonelace. It is feated on the
Orwell, 10 miles nw of Ipiwich, and 73
wE of London. Lon. 1 23 £, lat. 52
1g Ne
INEEDLES, two rocks at the w end of
the Ifle of Wight, fo called from their
fharp extremities.
EEHEEHEOW, one of the Sandwich
iflands, five leagues w of Atooi, The
E coaft is high, and rifes abruptly from
the fea; the reft of it confifts of low
ground, except a-round bluff head on
the SE point. It produces plenty of
yams,
NEERWINDEN, a village of Auftrian
Brabant, a little Nn by w_ of. Landen.
Hence the two celebrated battles of Lan- -
den are fometimes called by the name of
Neerwinden. See LANDEN.
NeFrtTa, a town of the kingdom of
Tunis, 2somiles s by ‘of Tunis. Lon.
9 25 E, lat. 33 ON.
NEGAPATAM, a city of: the peninfula -
of Hindooftan, on the coat of Coroman- °
del. It was firft a colony of the Portu-
uefe, but was taken by the Dutch. The
atter were difpofteffed of it by the En-
glith in 1782; but, by the peace of 1733,
it was agreed to be reftored to the Dutch,
whenever they fhould give an equivalent
‘for it. Negapatam is 183 miles s. of
Madras, Lon. 79 56 £, lat 10-46N,
i NEI
NEGAMBO, a feaport on the w coait
of the ifle of Ceylon. It has a fort
built by the Portuguefe, which was taken,
in 1640, by the Dutch, who evacuated
it tothe Englith in February 1796. Lon.
83°45 Fy lat. 7 30 N.
NEGRAIS, a feaport on the E fide of
the bay of Bengal, 240 miles Wsw of
Pegu. Lon. 94 48, lat. 15 go N.
EGRIL-POINT, the moit wellerly
promontory of the ifland of Jamaica.
NEGRO, Cape, a promontory of Af-
rica, on the w coaft of Angola, being
the moft foutherly country to which the
Furopeans efeally refort to purchafe
flaves. Lon. 10 40 E, lat. 15 54N.
NEGRO'S-ISLAND, one of the Philip-
pine Iflands, between Panay and Zebu.
NEGROLAND, or NiGRITIA, a country
of Africa, through which the river Niger
is {uppofed to run. It has the great de-
fert of Zahara on the N, and itretches far
to the s, but the inland parts are very
little known, The Europeans have many
{ettlements on the coaft, where they barter
European goods for flaves, gold duft, and
elephants teeth.
EGROPONT, an ifland of Turkey in
Europe, the largeft in the Archipelago.
It was anciently called Eubcea, and is
near the N coaft of Livadia, {eparated
from it by the ftrait of Negropont, over
which is a bridge. It is 90 miles in
“fength, and 25 in breadth, though in
fome places much narrower. It abounds
in corn, wine, and fruits.
Necroronr, a ftrong city, capital of
an ifland of the fame name, and a Greek
archbifhop’s fee. It has a good harbour,
which is commonly the {tition of the
Turkith thips. The walls of the city,
in which the Turks and Jews refide, are
two miles and a half in circumference;
but the fuburbs, where the Chriftians
live, are much larger. It was taken, in
1469, from the Venetians, who attempted
to retake it in 1688, without effect. Ie
is feat-d ona ftrait of the fame name, 30
miles NE of Athens, and 260 sw of Con-
ftantinople. Lon.24 88, lat. 38 30N.
NEHAVAND, an ancient town of Per-
fia, in Irac Agemi, famous for a battle
fought near it, between the califf Omar
and Yez Degerd, king of Perfia, in 1638,
when he loft that kingdom. ‘It is 179
miles Nw of I{pahan. Lon. 47 10 £, lat.
34 20N.
_ NEIDENBURG, a town of Pruffia, with
a caftle on a mountain, 75 miles £ of
Culm. Lon.20 20, lat. 53 22.N.
NEILSTON, a village in Renfrewhhire,
to the s of Paifley. It is noted tor @
« cotton manufaéture,
Dds
4
iy
i
ik
Ri
NEP
NEISSE, a town of Silefia, farrounded
by thick walis and deep ditches. The
bithop of Breflaw generally refides here,
and has a magnificent palace. The in-
habitants carry on a confiderable trade in
Jinens and wine. ‘This place fuffered
greatly in 172g, by an inundation and a
fire. It was taken by the Pruifians in
1741, who, after the peace, in 1742,
built a citadel, to which they gave the
name of Pruffia. It is feated on a river
of the {ame name, 27 miles NE of Glatz,
and 35 sk of Brellaw. Loa. 17 35 £,
let. 50 31 N.
NELLENBURG, a town of Suabia, ca-
pital of a iandgravate of the fame naine,
22 miles N of Conltance, and 20 NE of
Schaffliaufen. Lon.g 8&, lit. 47 59N.
NeELson, an Englifh fettlement in N
Amica, on the w fide of Hudtoi’s Bay,
at the mouth of the river Nelion, 250
miles sx of Churchill Fort. It belongs
to the Hudfon’s Bay Company. Lon.
92 35W, lat. §7 7N. :
Nema, a village of the Morea, fa-
mous.tcr the Nemzan games suciently
celcbrated here.
Nemours, a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Marne and late
province of the Ie of France, with an old
cattle, between two hills, on the {pot
where {tcod the town of Grex, in the
time of Cefar. It is feated on the Loing,
yo miles s of Fontainbleau, and 15 se
of Paris. Lon. 2 37£, lat.48 16.
NEN, the principal river of Northamp-
~ tonfhire, which rifes in the w part of the
county, and is made navigable at North-
ampton. It leaves the county at Peter-
borough, and croffing the ifle of Ely,
forms part of the w boundary of Norfolk,
and falls into the Lincclnfhire Wath.
jt likewife communicates, by feveral
channels, with the Great Oufe.
NEocastTro, a fort of Turkey in Eu-
rope, in Romania, where the Turks al-
ways keep a good garri‘fon. It is teated
jn the middle of the ftrait of Conftanti-
nople, 12 .miles from: Canftantinaple. ’
Lon.29 48, lat.41 19N.
. Novomrs, St. atownin Huntingdonhhire,
wjth a market on, Thurfday. It is weil
* built, has a handfome church, with a
fins tteeple, and a confiderable trade in
— cou. Jt .is feated on the. Oule, over
which ig a ttone bridge, .2a milks wsw
or Cambridge, and 56 NNW of London.
Len.o 30 W, fat.ga aN. i
Nepean Ispanp, an ifland of the S
Pacific Ocean, oppoftte Port Hunter, cn
“the s coaft of Norfolk Eland. Jt confifts
> gntirély of one mafy of fand, held together
by the furrounding cliffs, which are a
and 380 s by w of Paris.
NE T
border of hard rocks. The furtace was
covered with a kind of coarfe gray
and upward of 200 Ar. pines were grow.
ing on it.
NEP, an ancient town of Italy, in the
patrimony of St. Peter, with a bifhop’s
fee, feated og the Triglia, 20 miles N of
Rome. Lon.11z 348, lat. 42 14.N.
NERAC, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lot and Garonne and Inte
province of Guienne, divided by the river
Baite into great and little Nerac. In the
feudal times, this was the refidence and
capital of the lords of Albret. Their
{tupendous caftle is now in ruins; but,
betore the abolition of royalty, no true
Frenchman could vilit it without {enti-
ments of vencration; for here their once
favourite Henry iv, {pent part of his
youth. Nerac is 20 miles sw of Agen,
Lon. 0 138,
lat.44 2N.
NeRBuUDDA, a river of India, which
illues from a lake on the fouthern confaes
ot the province of Allahabad, forms the
boundary between .Hindooltan Proper and
the Deccan, and falls into the gulf of
Cambay, be:ow Baroach.
NERICIA, apyovince of Sweden Proper;
bounded on the x by Weftmania, on the
E by Sudermania, on the s by E Goth-
land, and on the w by W Gothland,
Orebo is the capital, and the only con.
iiderable place.in it,
NERO, an iflancd’ in the E Indies, the
fecond of the Banda Hlands, where the
Dutch have a fort called Fort Naflau.
Here are large ferpents, but not venomous,
and the mountaing are covered with trees,
in which are birds ofa very fingular kind.
Lon. 129 456, lat.4 qan.
NERTCHINSK, one of the four pro-
vinces of the Ruffian government of Ir-
kutzk, Its capital, pf the fame name, is
feated on the Nextcha, which falls into
the Sehilka.
NESLE, a town of France, in the de-
partinent of Somme and late province of
Picardy. It is feated on the Lingoa,
eight miles ng of Royes, and 66 N by £
ot Paris. Lon.2 598, lat. 49 51N.
Ness, Locu, a lake in Invernefshhire,
22 miles in length, and, for the moft part,
one in breadth. It is fheltered on the Nw
by the high mountains of Urquhart and
Mealfourvoney, and edged with coppices
of birch and oak.
Ness, a river of Scotland, which is
the cutlet of Loch Nets, and falls into the
frith of Murray, below Inveruefs.
NETHERLANDS, or Low COUNTRIES,
a jarge country of Europe, anci¢ntly
galled Gallia Belgica. Tn the ninth cen:
z
tury
Piou
their
Iran
form
Fran
was
fubfi
and
was
whil
of A
nue |
vince
depey
were
cefs q
chaid
torm
dom
oi Bi
1477
on }
riage
Neth
hou
king
fover
joon
of h
crue
to i
Cour
by t
eop
re tl
duct
form
4575
repu
Atte
truc
ackr
prov
iJ
ever
face wag
€ graty
'e grow.
Y, in the
bifhop’s
iles N of
ity
ithe de.
and Jate
the river
. Inthe d
ence and
Their
ns; but,
. no true
ut fenti-
heir once
t of his
f Agen,
LO IZE,
4, Which
} conhaes
orms the
oper and
gulf of
| Proper;
'y On the
E Goth-
rothland,
nly con.
ies, the
here the
Naflau.
‘momious,
ith trees,
lar kind.
our pro-
t of Ir-
name, ts
alls into
the de-
bvince of
Lingoa,
DN by E
IN.
efsthire,
oft part,
the Nw
art and
coppices
Which is
into the
ITRIES,
neiently
nth cen
NET NEU
tury, the fons of the emperor Lewis the Pruffia The late emperor, Jofeph tt,
Pious having divided the dominions of having projeéted many innovations, —T
their father, who poffefled Germany, enforcing them with violence, ernsiaer
France, and Italy, a new kingdom was fpirit of revolt broke out; an army o
formed, comprehending Germany and 40,000 men role, as it by magics to tup-
France, and a part of the Netherlands. It port the renunciation of all a segeerm
was called Lotharia, but did not long which leveral ofthe provinces openly made;
fubfift; for it was foon divided into two; @ congrets was formed from the different
and that feated near the Mediterranean ftates, in whom the Jupreme gorecement
was called the kingdom of Burgundy ; was vetted ; and by the end ot 1790s the
while the other, to the N, had the name Auftiians were expelled. ‘TI he a
of Auftrafia. Neither did this laft conti- vernment, however, was not ot ong we
nue long,,it being divided into 17 pro- ration, for qr li cthe pel or of
vinces, under different names, which itill Joleph, who died in the early parto REM
depended on the empire of Germany, and was enabled, partly by 1Orcey eel y Py
were called Lower Germany. In pro- conciliatory mea.ures, and partly by the
cefs of time, the houte of Burgundy pur- mediation of Great Britain, Pr uilia, and
chafed many of them, znd was about to Holland, to recover the entire poileflio <
form them, with Burgundy, into a king- of his authority 5 the mediating conte
dom; but Charles the Bold, the laftduke having guarantied the ea | of the
of Burgundy, being killed by the Swils in ancient Belgic conititution. ; Hh itate
1477, his part of the Netherlands devolve che French overran the saaeut ether-
on Mary his only child; by whoie mar- lands: they were driven out of the shit
riage with the emperor Maximilian, the try in 1793; but they returned PAL, ot
Netherlands were an aequifition to the and iubdued every part of it. i _ e=
houleof Auftria, Theemperor Charles v, therlands, in general, are 360 miles ong
king of Spain, in 1555, abdicated the and 260 broad; lying es aggat ek
fovereignty of the Netherlands, _and, & Jon. and 49 and sa N are fs are
joon after, the Spanifh crown, in favour bounded on the w and N by the : pein
of his fon Philip. The tyranny of this Occan, on the g by Germany, and on the
cruel bigot, Philip 11, who endeavoured s by France. They once conftituted a
to introduce the inguifition into the Low part of the German empire, under the
Countries, with the barbarities exercised name of the circle of Burgundy. The
by the duke of Alva, exa{perated the principal rivers are the Scheld, Rhine,
people to {uch a degree, that they threw Maele, Motelle, Sambre, and Lis; and
off the Spanifh yoke, and, under the con- there are many fine navigable canals.
duct of William 1, prince of Orange, The air is temperate ; but the mouths of
formed the famous league of Utrecht, in the rivers and harbours are Pee Siactoas
1579, which proved the foundation of the winter. The {oil is ens y ah e
republic of the Seven United Provinces. and there are fine manufactures of a
After a long war (with the interval of a lawns, cambrics, tapeftry, &e. Brufle ‘,
truce of 12 years) Philip rw expre(sly the capital of Brabant, | is ae eae
acknowledged the independence ot thele likewile, of all the Auftrian Net 1€1 ee Bs
provinces, by the treaty of Weitphalia, See UnireD PRoviNces OF THE Ne-
in 1648. The other yo provinces, how- THERLANDS. pes ales
ever, returned under the dominion of N ETTUNO, a pang taly, ms iy
Spain, but with very favorable ftipula- pagna di Koma, feated ina terti nal 9
tions with refpeét ta theiy ancient liber- at the mouth of the Lor acina, 24 miles $
ties. On the acceffion of a branch of the of Rowe. Lon, 12 29 £, lai. 41 ag
houte of Bourbon to the Spanifh monar- Neva, a river of Ruffia, Nar i oe
chy, it was ftipulated, in 1714, that the from the lake Ladoga, and alls into the
Spanifh Netherlands fhould return to the gulf of Findiand, below Peterburg.
German branch of the houfe of Auttria ; NEUBURG, a town of ey, the
but fome confiderable parts were obtained Brifgaw, {ubject to the pate 0 Pi ria.
by conqueft or ceffion, by the French It is feated near the Rhine, 12 miles N
and Dutch, The Dutch have part + of ee and - sof Brifach. Lon. 7 35
aba imburg, and Flanders. The 8, lat.47 47.
MO as Rr Areas and the Cambrefis ; NevuBuRG, a town of Lower pag
with part of Luxemburg, Flanders, and with a tamous monattery, featec ae e
Hainault. On the other hand, part of ms me mally dean Vienna. Lon.
suelderland, one of the United Provinces, 16 2@k, lat. 48 13 N. 7
bee Newin and another parsto Nevpura, a town of Germany, in
Mine 4 ree eS
mernennennttantnn Tee
hy sag RE 2 an ay
Fae oe 4
NEU
the duchy of Wirtemburg, with a caftle
feated on the Entz, 25 miles w of Stut-
gard. Lon.8 348, lat. 48 52N.
NruBuRG, a town of Germany, in
the circle of Bavaria, capital of a duchy
ot the fame name, fubjeét to the elector
palatine. It is 28 miles NE of Augiburg,
and 40 sw of Ratifbon. Lon.11 108,
Jat.43 45 .N.
NEUCHATEL, a territory of Swiifer-
Jand, which, with that of Vailengin, forms
one principality, between the lake of
Neuchatel and the borders of France;
extending 36 miles from Nn tos, and 18
in its greateft breadth. By the death
of the duchefs of Nemours, in 1707, the
fovereignty of Neuchatel and Vallengin
was claimed by Frederic1 of Pruffia, as
heir to the prince of Orange; and his
right was acknowledged by the {tates of
the country, The conftitution is a kind
of limited monarchy. The inhabitants
are proteftants, except in the two diftriéts
of Landeron and Creflier, where the ca-
tholics are predominant. In 1529, this
principality entered into an alliance with
the cantons of Bern, Friburg, Soleure,
and Lucern. ‘The air is healthy and
temperate ; and it is watered by feveral
lakes and rivers. ‘The foil is not equally
fertile, but there are large vineyards that
produce white and red wine, which laft is
excellent. The paftures on the mountains
teed a great number of all forts of cattle,
and there are plenty of deer in the foretts.
NEUCHATEL, a town of Swiflerland,
capital of a principality of the fame name.
It contains not more than 3000 fouls, and
is fituate partly on the plain between the
lake of Neuchatel and the Jura, and
partly on the declivity of that mountain.
The chief article of exportation is wine,
produced from the neighbouring vine-
yards, and much efteemed ; and it has
manufaétures of printed linens and cot-
tons, Many public works have been
lately ‘executed, among which are the
new townhoufe, and a fuperb caufeway
leading toward the valley of St. Imier.
Neuchatel has a great and little council ;
the firit is compoted of 40 perfons; the
fecond confifts of 24. members, compre-
hending the mayor, who is prefident. It
13 26 miles NE of Laufanne, and 25 w of
Bern. Lon.7 of, lat. 47 5N.
NEUCHATEL, or YVERDUN,y a lake
of Swiflerland, which ftretches about 20
miles in length from the town of Yverdun
to that of Neuchatel, in a direction from
$w to NE, at which extremity it has a
communication with the hake off Bienne
by a narrow outlet.
NEU
NEVERN, a village in Pembrokchhire,
near a river of the fame name, one mile
NE of Newport. In the churchyard, on
the s fide, ftands a fingle itone, of
fquare form, 13 feet high and two broad ;
the top is circular, charged with a cress,
and all the fides are neatly carved with
knotwork of various patterns. There are
feveral other ancient Monuments in the
parifh.
“NEVERS, aconfiderable town of France,
in the department of Nievre and late pro.
vince of Nivernois, with a bithop’s tee,
It is built in the form of an amphitheatre,
and contains feveral fine buiklings ; par.
ticularly the ancient ducal palace, in
which John Cafimer, king of Poland, ex.
pired in 1672. It is feated on the Loire,
over which is a handfome bridge, 45
miles Nw of Moulins, and 145 se ot
Paris. Lon. 3 148, lat.46 §9N.
NEUFCHATEL, a town of France, in
the department of Lower Seine and late
pers ot Normandy, noted for excel-
ent cheefe. It is feated on the Arques,
20 miles se of Dieppe, and 75 Nw of
Paris. Lon. 30.8, lat. 49 46N.
NEUFCHATEAU, a town of Auttrian
Luxemburg, 27 miles wnw of Luxeia-
burg. Lon. 5 308, lat.49 53N.
NEUFCHATEAU, a commercial town
of France, in the department of the Vof-
ges and late province of Lorrain. It is
feated in a {oil fertile in corn and good
wine, on the river Mouzon, 25 miles sw
of Nanci, and 150 & by § of Paris. Lon.
5 47, lat.48 24.N.
NEUHAUS, a ftrong town of Bohemia,
in the circle of Bechin, with a cattle.
Lon. 15 308, lat. 49 8N.
NEUHAUSEL, a ftrong town of Upper
Hungary, feated in a marfhy plain, on
the river Neytracht, 15 miles nw of Co-
mora, and 40 SE of Prefburg. Lon. 18
IOE, lat.48 1N.
NEVIN, or NEWIN, a town in Carnar-
vonfhive, with a market on Saturday,
It is feated on the Ivith Sea, 20 miles s
by w of Carnarvon, and 249 WNw of
London. Lon. 425 .w, lat. 52 52 N.
Nevis, one of the Leeward Caribbee
Iflands, in the W Indies, divided from
the g end of St. Chriftophers by a narrow
channel. It has but one mountain, which
is in the middle, very high, and covered
with large trees up to the top. Here is
a hot bath, much of the fame nature as
thofe of Bath, in England. It is a imal!
ifland, but very fruitful, and fubjeé +
the Englifh. Charlefton is the capital.
NEUMARK, a town of Tranfylvania,
on the river Merifeh, 56 m/‘les Nn of
Cla
i9N
N
miles
lat. 4
N
pring
N OL
NY
ters
wher
N
in th
Balti
110
Nj
in the
ot Sc
Ng
in th
with
Lon.
Na
with
nal,
Jat. 4
Ng
the
the
Lon.
Ng
the d
Koch
q
brokchhire,
'y One mile
chyard, on
tone, of 3
WO broad ;
ith a ere,
arved with
There are
nts in the
of France,
d late pro-
fhop’s tee,
rhitheatre,
Ng's; par
dalace, in
oland, ex.
the Loire,
ridge, iS
45 SE of
» Ne
‘rance, in
> and late
for excel.
Arques,
Ss NW of
N.
_Auftrian
f Luxera-
N,
cial town
the Vor.
in. It is
nd good
miles sw
s. Lon.
Bohemia,
a cattle.
bf Upper
blain, on
of Co-
Lon. 18
Carnar-
aturday,
b miles s
Nw of
ZN.
Saribbee
led from
narrow
» which
covered
Here is
iture as
a imal!
ject t
pital.
yivania,
nN. of
NEW
Claufenburg. Lon. 23 35 8, lat. 47
19N.
NaV MARK; a town of ‘Bavaria, 30
miles NNW of Ratifbon. Lon.12 258,
lat. 49 18.
NEUMARK, a town of Silefia, in the
principality of Breflaw, 15 miles w by
n of Breflaw. Lon. 16 428, lat. 51 5N.
Neus, ariver of N Carolina, which en-
ters Pamlico Sound, below Newbern,
where it is a mile and a half broad.
NEUSTADT, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Holftein feated on the
Baltic, 22 miles NN& of Lubec. Lon.
11 OE, lat. s4. 10 N.
NEUSTADT, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Mecklenburg, 15 miles s
of Schwerin. .Lon. 11 50 B, lat. §4 24.N.
NEUSTADT, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Briunfwick-Lunenburg,
with a caftle, 15 miles Nw of Hanover.
Lon. 9 §5£, lat. 52 34N.
NEUSTADT, 2 town of Lower Auttria,
with a bifhop’s fee, 2 czftle, and an arte-
nal, 30 miles s of Vienna, Lon. 16 278,
jat.4.7 48.N.
NEUSTADT, a town of Franconia, in
the bifhopric of Wurtzburg, feated on
the Sale, 12 miles Ng of Schweinfurt.
Lon. 10 258, lat. 50 24.N.
NEUSTADT, a town of Germany, in
the duchy of Wirtemburg, feated on the
Kocher, 12 miles NNg of Hailbron. Lon.
9 20£, lat.49 17 N,
NEUSsTADT, a town of Germany, in
the palatinate of the Rhine, nine miles
Nby w of Landau. Lon.87 £, lat. 49 20N.
NEUWIED, a flourifhing commercial
city of Germany, in the circle of the
Upper Rhine, capital of the principality
of Wied, ‘The number of inhabitants
is between 6 and yooo: the Calvinilt is
the eftablifhed religion, but all others are
tolerated ; and the Moravians, in particu.
lar, have here '® very re{pectable fettlement.
Neuwied is ro miles nNw of Coblentz.
Lon. 7 258, lat. 50 32N.
Newark, a flourifhing town of the
United States, in New Jerfey, with one
epitcopal and two prefbyterian churches.
It has the reputation of making the beit
cider in the world, and is nine miles w
ot New York. *
NEWARK UPON TRENT, 3 borough
in Nottinghamfhire, with a market ou
Wednefday. It is feated on the Tvent,
over which is a bridge, and once had a
handiome caftle, mow in ruins. Here,
in the mid{t of troubles, died the inglori-
ows king John; sad here the unfortunate
Charles 1, after his defeat at Nateby, put
himielf into the hands of the Scotch army,
NE W
who afterward gave -him up to his worft
enemies. Newark has a good trade, is
governed by a mayor, and fends two
members to parliament. It is 17 miles
NE of Nottingham, and 124 N by w of
London. Lon.o 45 wy, lat. 53 6N.
NewBeErRn, the county town of Craven,
in the ttate of N Carolina, fituate at the
confluence of the Neus and the Trent,
499 miles s by w of Philadelphia. Lon,
77 5 W, lat. 35 20N.
NEWBURGH, a corporate town in the
ifle of Angleiey, with a market on Tuef-
day. It is governed by a mayor, and
feated on the Brant, 15 miles sw of Beau.
maris, and 257 Nw of London. Lon,
4 27 Wy lat.53 10N.
Newsurn, a village in Northumber.«
land, on the w fide ot Newcattle, inha..
bited chiefly by colliers. Here, a part of
the army of Charles 1, under Jord Con-
way, was defeated by the Scotch in
1640.
NEWBURY, 2 corporate town in Berk.
fhire, with a market on Thurfday. It is
governed by a mayor, has 2 manufacture
of druggets, and its poor are chiefly em-
ployed in fpinning. Two battles were
fought near this town with dubious fuc-
cels, between the forces of Charles 1 and
the parliament, in 1643 and 1644. New-
bury is feated on the Kennet, 26 miles
s ot Oxford, afd 56 w of London. Lon,
TI2W, lat. sr 25N.
NeWBuRY-Port, a town of the
United States, in Maflachuiets, where
the bufinefs of thip-building is carried
on largely, It is fituate on the river
Merrimak, two miles from the fea, and
45 £ of Bofton. Lon. 71 5 Ww, lat. 42
45 Ne
NEWCASTLE, 2 town in Carmarthen-
fhire, with a market on Friday. It had
a fine caftle, now in ruins; and is feated
on the Tyvy, 17 miles Nw of Carmar-
then, and 219 wNw of London. Lon,
430 W, lat. 52 4N.
NEWCASTLE, or NEWCASTLE UN.
DER Ling, a borough in Staitordshire,
with a market on Monday. It had four
churches, now reduced to one; and the
cattle, whence it had its name, is quite
demolithed. It has a manufacture of
hats, is governed by a mayor, and fends
two members to parliament. It is ieated
on a rivulet, 75 miles n of Stafford, and
149 NNW of London. Lon. 2 2 W, lat.
8312 N.
NEWCASTLE, or NEWCASTLE UPON
Tyner, a large borough and feaport in
Northumberland, fituate between the Piéts
Wall and the Tyne, The river is fe
,
}
a
BE
i
if
i
%
NEW
deep, that fhips under goo tons burden
may come up to the town, though the
large collicrs are ftationed below, at
Shiekls., The town may be confidered as
divided into two parts, of whieh Gates-
head, on the Durham fide, is one; and
both were joined by a ftone bridge, which
originally confifted of 12 arches; but by
the embankment cf the river to form
the quays on the n fide, they were re-
duced to nine. In 1771, a dreadful
fiood carried away tour of thefe arches,
with fome houies that ftood upon them ;
and this part of the bridge was rebuilt in
1779. Lhrough this place went part of
that wall which extended from fea to
fea, and was built by the Romans to
detend the Britons againft the incurfions
ot the Pits. The town is defended by
a ftrong wall, in which are feven gates,
and as many turrets, with feveral cale-
ments bomb-proof; but the caftle is old
and ruinous. Here is a noble exchange ;
and the wall of the town, running pa-
railel with the river, leaves a fpacions
piece of ground between the water and
the wall, which being faced with free-
flone, forms the longeit ard largeft quay
in England, except that at Great Yar-
mouth. Here are four parifh churches,
beiide one at Gatefhead. St. Nicholas’
church ftands on the top of a high hill,
and has a lofty fteeple of curious archi-
tefture. Among the ether public build
ings is a mantion-houfe for che mayor ;
a hall for the furgeons; a large hofpital,
built by the contribution of the keel-men,
for the maintenance of the poor of their
fraternity; and ieveral charitable founda-
tions, fituate in the centre of the great
enllieries, which have for centuries fup-
plied London and moft of the fourhern
parts of the kingdem with ceal, This
trade has been the iource of great opu-
lence to Neweaitle ; it alio pofletles manu-
factures of fteel, iron, glals, and woollen
cloth; and exports large quantities of
lead, falt, falmon, butter, tallow, and
grioditones. Ships are fent hence to the
Greenlind fihery. The itveets in the old
pert or the town are narrow, and the
build nys crowded together; but fome
of the newer parts are handfome and
commedious. The juburbs are chiefly
inhabited by keel-men; a rcugh and
flurdy race, employed in carrying the
coal down the river in keels, or lighters,
to the large fhips. Newcattle was made
a borcugh by William 3, and the firit
chartcr tor digging coal was granted by
Henry iil in 1239. It is 34 miles s of
Alnwick, og N of York, and 273 ¥
>
N EW
by w of London. Lon. x 27 w, tat,
55.3.8 |
NEWCASTLE, a town of the United
States, in Delaware. It was fettled by
the Swedes in 1627, and called Stock.
holm; afterward taken by the Durch,
and called New Amfterdam; and falling
into the hands of the Englifh, it was
called Newcattle. It was the firft town
fettled on the river Delaware, and is 35
miles sw of Philadelphia. Lon. 75 38
W, lat. 39 37 N.
NEWCASTLE, a town of the United
States, in Virginia, feated on the Pa.
munkey, a branch of York River, 40
miles nw ef Williaméburg.
NEWDIGATE, a village in Surry, five
miles se of Darking. Here is a medi.
cinal {pring of the fame nature as that
of Eptom.
NEWENHAMy Capp, a rocky point of
confiderable height, on the w coaft of N
America, forming the N extremity of a
yatt bay called Briftol Bay, of which the
prementory of Alatka is the s boundary.
It was dilcovered by captain Cook in
1778. Lon. 162 24 w, lat. 58 42 N.
NEWENT, a town in Gloucetterihire,
with a market on Friday, feated near a
branch of the Severn, eight miles Nw of
Gloucefter, and w14. wNw of London,
Lon. 220 W, lat. 51 §6.N.
NEWFIDLER-SBA, a lake of Hungary,
17 miles long and fix broad, and 20
by w of Prefburg,
New Forest, a foreft in Hampfhire,
fituate in that part of the county which
is bounded on the & by Southampton
Water, and on the s by the Engiith
Channel. It is 20 miles in jengthy and
15 in breadth; and has advantages of
fituation, with refpeét to conveyance by
water carriage, and vicinity to the dock-
yards, fuperior to every other forethy have
Ng, in its neighbourhood, feveral places
tor fhipping timber. It was afforetted by
William the Conqueror, who expelled the
mhabitants tor that purpofe, and was
then 10 miles longer than it is now.
His fon William Rufus was killed in this
foreft, by an arrow fhot by Walter,
Tyrrel, which had accidentally glanced
againit a tree. ‘The ipot is. pointed out
by a triangular ftene.
NEWFOUNDLAND, a large ifland on
the BE coat of N America, between a7
and 52° nN lat, Its form is triangular;
the N pojnt is feparated from Labrador
by the ttrait of Helleifle, and trom this
apex it is 359 miles in lengeh to the baie,
which is 200 in breadth, It is a mounts
tainous, weody-country, amdovery. cold,
27 wy, far,
the United
fettled by
lled Stock.
the Durch,
and falling
fh, it was
firft town
, and js 35
0. 75 38
the United
n the Pa.
River, 49
Surryy five
is a medi.
re as that
Y point of
coalt of N
emity of 3
which the
boundary,
Cook in
8 42 N,
celterihire,
‘ed near a
iles Nw of
F London,
Hungary,
and 20 §
lampfhire,
ty which
thampton
e Enplith
gth, and
ntages of
yance by
he dock-
els hav.
‘al places
reited by
pelled the
and was
is Now,
din this
Walter,
glanced
nted out
fland on
Ween 47
inguilay ;
abrador
om this
he baie,
a Mounts
¥ Clit
ee
NEW
being covered with fhow five months in
the year. It {eems to have no inhabitants
of its own, but in the fummer-time is
vifited by the Efquimaux Indians. It
has feveral bays and harbours, and there
are about 500 Englith families who con-
tinue here all the year, befide the garrifon
of St. John’s, Placentia, and cther forts.
In the fithing feafon, which begins in
May and ends in September, it is reforted
to by at leaft 10,000 people, on account
of the great fithing-banks to the se of
this idland; for here they cure the cod,
which is carried not only to England,
but to all parts of Europe and the W
Indies. In winter, the chief employ-
ment of the inhabitants is to cut wood ;
and the finalleft kind, wed for fuel, is
drawn by their large dogs, trained up
and harneffed for that purpofe. There is
great plenty of game, fifh, and fowl, but
very little corn, fruit, or cattle. ~ St.
John’s is the principal fettlement.
NEWHAVEN, a town of Suflex, at
the mouth of the river Oule, with a
quay on the E fide. It is feven miles s
by & of Lewes, and 56 s of London,
Lon. 0 § E, lat. §0 48 N.
‘NEWHAVEN, a town of the United
States, in Conneégticut, with a univeriity,
confitting of one college, called Yale
College. It carries on a confiderable
trade with New York and the W India
iflands ; and lies round the head of a bay,
four miles N of the Sound, and 132 NNE
of New York. Lon. 72 58 Wy, lat. 41
Ay N.
NEWMARKET, a town partly in Cam-
bridgefhire, and partly in Suffolk, with a
market on Thuriday. It has-one parith
in each county, but all the town is in
Sutfolk. It is the moft celebrated place
in England for horferaces; and here
Charles 1 built a houfe for the fake of
this diverfion, It is 14 miles g of Cam-
bridge, and 60 N by E of London. Lon.
025K, lat. 62 20 N.
NEWNHAM, a corporate town in
‘Gioucetterlhire, with a market on Friday.
dt is governed by a mayor, and feated on
the Severn, eight miles sw of Gloucetter,
and 112 WNW of London, Lon. 2 24
Wy lat. 51 46 N.
Ngewrort, a borough in the Ile of
Wight, with a market on Wednefday
and Saturday. It is governed by a
mayor, and femls two’ tiembers to par-
liament. It is feated on the river Cowes,
which is navigealle for {mall velfels, 17
miles § by # of Southampton, and gt
sw of London, Lon. & ag Wy lat, 59
40 N,
NEW
Newport, a borough in Cormwalty
which has no market, but fends two
members to parliament. It is three miles
N of Launcetton, and 214 w by s of
London. Lon. 4 36 w, lat. 50 43 Nn.
Newport, a town in Shrophhire,
with a market on Saturday, and a hand-
tome freefchool, 17 miles E of Shrew/=
bury, and 140 Nw of London. Lon. 2
18 W, lat. 52 45 N.
Newport, a town in Monmouthfhire,
witha market on Saturday, feated on the
river Ufk, over which is a bridge, 19
miles ssw of Monmouth, and 152 w
by N of London. Lon. 3 4 Wy, lat. 51
36 N.
NEWPORT, a corporate town in Pem-
brokefhire, with a market on Saturday,
and the ruins of acattle. It is governed
by a mayor, and {eated at the toot of a
high hill, at the bottom of a bay of the
fame name, 18 miles NE of St. David's,
and 235 WNW of London. Lon. 4 50
W, lat. 526 .N. :
. NEWPORT, a feaport of the United
States, in Rhode Ifland. Its harbour is
one of the finelt in the world; and te the
Ww of the town is Goat Iland, on which
is a fort. Newport has a handfome ftate-
houfe and an elegant public library. It
is 80 miles ne of New York. Lon. 72
6 wy, lat. 41 35 N.
NEWPORT-PAGNEL, 4 town in Buck-
inghamfhire, with a market on Saturday.
It has a manutacture of bonelace, and
is feated on the Oufe, 14 miles ENE of
Buckingham, and 5: NNw of London.
Lon. 0 43 W, lat. 52 4.N.
New River, a fine artificial flream,
brought from two {prings, at Chadwell
and Amwell, near Ware, in Herttorditire,
for the fupply ef the metropolis with
water. It was finifhed in 1613, by fir
Hugh Middleton, a citizen of London,
whe expended his whole fortune in the
undertaking. This river, with all its
windings, is nearly 39 miles in leagth,
and is under the management of a cor-
poration called the New River Company.
See ISLINGTON.
Newry, a borough of Ireland, in the
county of Dowii,; fituate on the fide of a
iteep hill, at the toot of which is Newry-
water, having over it two ftone bridges;
and there is a third bridge over a navi+
gable canal, by which it has a commu-
nication with Lough Neagh and Carling.
ford Bay. [t has iuffered greatly by the
rebellions in Uilter, and was burnt by
the duke of Berwick in 1689; but it is
now {o much improved in trade and
buildings, that it is the languid town ia
.
NEW
the éounty. It is 49 miles Nn of Dublin.
Lon. 6 20 wy lat. 54.15 N.
NEWRY-WATER, a river of Ireland,
which feparates the counties of Armagh
and Down, and watering Newry, enters
Carlingtord Bay.
Newsuam, avillagein Durham, fituate
on the Tees, five miles from Darlington.
‘Phis being the ufual ford over the river
trom the s, the bifhop of Durham is
niet here, at his firlt coming to the fee,
when the lord of Stockbourn, juit below it,
being at the head ot the country gentle-
men, advances into the middle of the,
river, with his truncheon, and prefents
it to the bifhop, who returns it, and is
then conduéted along amid the acclama-
tions of the populace. Here was formerly
2 nunncry.
NEWSOL, a town of Upper Hungary,
with a large caftle, in which is a church,
covered with copper. Near it are the
greateit copper-mines in all Hungary.
it is feated on the Gran, 10 milee N of
Chremnitz, and 50 NE of Leopolftadt.
Lon. 19 29 £, lat. 49 9 N.
NewrTon, a borough in Lancafhire,
with a market on Saturday. It fends
two members to parliament, and is five
Miles N of Warrington, and'190 NW of
London. Lon. 2 45 w,. lat. 53 28 N.
NEWTON, a borough in the Ifle of
Wight, which fends two members to par-
liament, but has no market. It is 1
miles s of Southampton, and 93 sw of
London. Lon. 1 16 w, lat. 50 43.N. *
NEWTON,: a town in Montgomery-
fhire, with a market on Saturday, feated
on the’Severn, feven miles sw of Mont-
gomery, and 169 wnw ot London. Lon.
912 W, lat. 52 a1 N.
NEWTON-BUSHEL, a town in Devon-
fhire, with a market on Wednefday, feated
onthe Teign, 15 miles s by w of Exeter,
and 188 wsw of London. -Lon. 3 38
W, lat. 50 32 N.
NEWTONSTEWART, 2 town in Wig-
tonfhire, fituate on the Cree, which is
navigable for {mall veflels to within two
miles of the town. ‘There is a handfome
bridge over this river, whofe mouth, in
Wigton Bay, affords a valuable falmon-
fifhery. Several manufactures have been
commenced with fuccefs in this town,
which is indebted for its rife and name
to the family of Stewart earl of Gal-
loway. It is 26 miles B by N of Port
Patrick,
Nrwrown, 2a village in Renfrewthire,
tothe 6 of Paifley. It is noted forteveral
large print-fields.
9.
NIA
Nuwtown, the capital of the county
ot Bucks, in Pennty!vaniay five miles
trom the Delawore, and 20 NNE of Phi.
ladelphia. Lou. 75 1 Wy lat. 40 14.N,
Ngewrown LIMAVADY, a borough
of Ireland, in the county of Londonderry,
feated near the g& coalt of Lough Foyle,
15 miles ENz of Londonderry.
New-YEAR’s-HARBOURy a part of
Staten Land, in § America. Lon. 64
11 Wy lat. 54.48 8.
New-YEar’s-IsLanpbsy fimall iflands
of S America,~on the N fide of Staten
Land.
NEYLAND, a town in Suffolk, with a
market on Friday, and a manufaéture
of fays and bays. It is feated on the
Stour, over which is a bridge, 16 miles
sw of Ipfwich, and 57 Nz of London,
Lon. 1 5 £, lat. 52 3 N.
NEYTRACHT, a town of Upper Hun.
gary, capital of a county of the fame name,
with a bifhop’s fee.. It is feated on the
Neytra,..40 miles NE of Prefburg. Len.
17 49 E, lat. 48 28 N.
NGAN-KING-FOU, a rich commercial}
city of China, capital of the w part of
the province of Kiang-nan. It -has fix
tities of the third clafs under its jurif-
digtion; is governed by a viceroy; and
is defended by a fort, fated on the river
Yang-tfe-kiang, 175 miles sw of Nan
king. Lon, 116 45 Ey lat. 30 35 N.
GAN-LO-FOU, a ‘rich and populous
city of China, in the province ot Hou-
quang, containing, in its -diftriét, ‘two
cities of the fecond and five of the third
“ee It is 42§ miles w by s of Nan-
ing. :
eaceun a river of N America,
which forms the communication between
Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, and runs
from s to N about 30 miles. At the
entrance of this river, on its eaftern fhore,
is Fort Niagara; and 18 miles N of this
are thofe- remarkable falls, which are
reckoned among the greateft natural cu-
riofities in the world, The waters that
‘fupply the river Niagara, rife near 2000
miles to the Nw, and after paffing through
the lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron,
and Erie, they rufh, with aftonifhing
grandeur, down a ftupendous precipice ot
140 feet perpendicular; and in a ftrong
rapid that extends to the diftance of nine
miles below, fall near as much mere,
The river then lofes itfelf in Lake On-
tario. The noife of the Niagara Falls,
im a clear day and fair wind, may be
heard above 40 miles. When the water
ftrikes the bottem, it rebounds to a great
height
yapou
fines
and of
is 400
N to
provit
by lak
sate 3
produg
tine cl
capita
Niq
ima
hyo,
called
ferenc
of wh
poor,
the Gi
time £
on the
territo
the M
E, the
Medit
it is fe
five te
harbor
called
tals u
he county
ive miles
E- of Phi.
LO 14.N,
borough
donderry,
gh Foyle,
L part of
Lon. 64
all iflands
of Staten
k, with a
inufacture
ed on the
16. miles
F London,
oper Hun-
ume name,
ed on the
rg. Len,
ommercial
Ww part of
It -has fix
its jurif.
eroy; and
n the river
vy of Nan
35 ne
optlous
Pt How.
tri&t, “two
the third
s of Nan-
America,
in between
and runs
At the
ern fhore,
N Of: this
hich are
atural cu-
aters that
near 2000
g through
hy Huron,
hftonifhing
recipice of
a ftrong
ice of nine
th ‘mere,
Lake On-
ara Falls,
, ‘may be
the water
to a great
NIC
height, and caufes a thick cloud of
vapours, on Which the fun, when it
fhines, paints a beautiful rainbow.
NiIBANO, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Parma, 57 miles woof Parma. Lon.
300 Ey lat. 45 5 Ne
NICARAGUA, aprovince of New Spain,
in the audience of Guatimala, bounded
on the N by Honduras, on the £ by the
Atlantic Ocean, on the se by Cotta Rica,
and on the sw. by the Pacific Ocean, It
is 400 miles from £ to Wy, and 120 froin
ntos. It is one of the moit fruitful
provinces in Mexico, and is well watered
by lakes and rivers. The air is tempe-
sate and wholeiome; anc the country
produces plenty of fugar, cochineal, and
tine chocolate. Leon de Nicaragua is the
capital,
Nicaracua, a lake of N America,
in a province of the fame name. It
is 200 miles in circumference, has fome
ilands in it, and itretching from the city
ef Leon Nw to SE, communicates with
the Atlantic Ocean by the river St. Juan.
NICARIA, an ifland of the Archipe-
kigo, between Samos and Tina, anciently
called Icavia. It is 50 miles in circum-
ference, and full of rocks; the. caverns
of which, the inhabitants, wha are very
poor, make their abode. They are of
the Greek religion, about 3009 in number,
and apply themfelves to {wimming and
diving for {ponges, and for poods loft by
fhipwreck. Lon. 26 30 £, lat. 37 40 N.
NICASTRO, an. epifcopal town of
Naples, in Calabria Ulteriore,..17 miles
s of Cofenza, Lon, 16 21 £, lat. 39 3 N.
Nice, a county of Italy, bounded on
fhe w by the river Var and the Mari-
time Alps, which divide it from France;
on the N by Piedmont; on the E by the
territories of Genoa; and on the s by
the Mediterranean, It was anciently an_
appendage of Provence, in France, but
has, for many years, belonged to the
king of Sardinia, In 1792, it was con-
quered by the French. It is 60 miles
long and 30 broad, and contains. about
125,000 inhabitants.
NICE, an ancient and confiderable city
ef Italy, capital of a county of the fame
name, with a citadel and a bifhop’s fee.
It is of a triangular form, and confined
in its fituation, having a high rock on the
E, the river Paglion. on the w, and the
Mediterranean on the $3 from which laft
it is feparated by a beautitul and exten-
five terrace, ufed as a public walk. The
harbour is on the eg fide of the rock, and
callad Limpia, from a {mall river that
falls mato it, The exports are filk, {weet
NIC
oil, wine, cordi'' rice, oranges, lenions,
and all forts of died fruits. It has beeri
feveral times taken by the French, and
lait of all in +792. It is four miles E of
the mouth of the Var, and ¢3 s by w of
Turin. Lon. 7 23 £, lat. 43 42 N.
Nicer, aciiy of Afia. See Isnic,
NICHABURG, a city of Perfia, the
largeft and fichcft in Korafan, tamous
for 2 mine of turcois-{tones in its neigh-
bourhood. It is,37 miles s of Meiched.
Lon. 57 48 L, lat. 36 30 N.
NIcHOLAS, Sr. a town of France, in
the department of Meurthe and late pro-
vince of Lorrain, with a handfome church,
dedicated to St. Nicholas, to which pil-
grims formerly reforted. It is feated on
the iMleurthe, five miles sz of Nanci, and
265 £ of Paris.
NICHOLAS, S#. a feaport of Ruffia, in
the government of Archangel, feated at
the mouth of the Dwina, on the White
Sea, fix miles s of Archangel. 2:
NicnoLas, St. or More Sr. Ny-
CHOLAS, a town, harbour, and cape
of the W Indies, at the nw extremity
of St. Domingo, commanding the ftrait
called the Windward Paflage. The har-
bour is nine furlongs broad at the entrance ;
and fhips of any burden may ride at
anchor in the bafin, even during a hur-
ricane. It was ‘taken by the Englifh,
aided by the French royalifts, in 1793.
Lon. 73 20 W, lat. 19 15 N.
NICKLESBURG, a town of Germany,
in Moravia, with a caftle, 27 miles N of
Vienna.
NicogaAR ISLANDS, feveral iflands at
the entrance of the gulf of Bengal.
They are almoft entirely uncultivated ;
but the cocoa-nut, the mellori or lerum
(a kind of bread-fruit) and other tro-
pical fruits, grow fpontaneoufly to the
greateft perfection. Dogs and hogs are
the principal animals. The inhabitants
are few, and their-indolence extreme.
They are tall, and well proportioned, with
black eyes, black lank hair, and dark
copper-coloured fkins. They live in little
huts, having no towns, and go quite naked,
except a cloth about the waift. They
have neither temples nor idols; nor does
there feem to be any great fuperiority
among them. Thefe iflands extend north-
ward, from the N point of Sumatra.
The largeft of them, which gives name
to the ret, is 40 miles in length, and 15
in breadth. Its s extremity is in lon. 94
23 E, lat.8 oN.
Nicouas, St. ene of the largeft of
the Cape de Verd Iflands, between St.
Lucia and St. Jago. It is 75 miles in
nahin .
NID
length; and the land is ftony, moun
tainous, and barren. Lon. 14 10 wW, lat.
16 32.N.
NIcoLo, ST. the moft confiderable of
the ifles of Tremeti, in the gulf of Ve-
nice. It has a harbour, cetended by a
fortre(s, in which ig an abbey and a
church. Lon. 15 37 £, lat. 42 10 N.
NICOMEDIA, a town of Natolia, now
ealled I{chmich, or Schmit. It was
formerly much larger, as appears by the
fine ruins; but is {till a place of confe-
quence. It carries on a trade in filk,
cotton, glafs, and earthen ware; and con-
tains 30,000 inhabitants, who confift of
Greeks, Armenians, and Turks. It is
the fee of a Greck archhbithop, and is 50
miles sw of Conftantinople. Lon. 29
30 Ey lat. go 30 N.
NicopoLi, a town of Bulgaria, fa-
mous for the firft battle fought between
the Turks and the Chriftians in 1396,
when the emperor Sigifmund loft the
day, and had 20,000 men killed. It is
feated on the Danube, 130 miles NW of
Adrianople. Lon. 25 33 E, lat. 44 26N.
NicopPoLi, or GLANISH, an ancient
town of Armenia, built by Pompey the
Great, in memory of 2 victory gained
ovey Mithridates. It is feated on the
Cerauna, 165 miles sw of Erzerum.
Lon. 37 55 E, lat. 3815 N.
Nicosia, a ftrong town, capital of
the ifland of Cyprus, feated between
the mountain Olympus and a chain of
other mountains. It was formerly well
fortified by the Venetians, but now the
works are m ruins. It is three miles in
circumference; and there are plantations
ot olives, almonds, lemons, oranges,
mulberries, and cyprefs-trees, inter{perfed
among the houfes, which give the town
a delightful appearance. The church
of St. Sophia is an old Gothic ttructure,
which the Turks have turned into a
mofque. It is soo miles w of Tripoli,
and r60 sw of Aleppo. Lon. 34 45 E,
lat. 34 54 N.
Nicorera, a feaport of Naples, in
Calabria Ulteriore, with a bifhop’s tee,
35 miles NE of Reggio, and 185 SE of
Naples. Lon. 16 30 £, lat. 38 34 N.
Nicoya, a town of New Spain, on
the Pacific Ocean, at the bottom of a
bay, 45 miles se of Leon a. Nicaragua.
Lon. 88 0 Wy lat. 1015 N.
Nipaw, or Nipow, a handfome town
of Swifferland, capital of a’ bailiwic of
the fame name, in the canton of Bern,
with a cattle. It is fituate on the lake of
Bienne, 15 miles NW of Bern, and 60
sw oot Zuric.
NIG
Nr#BLA, an ancient town of Spafn, in
Andalufia, feated on the Rio Tinto, 40
miles w of Seville. Lon. 5 56 w, lat,
37 26 N.
NIEDERBIEBER, @ village of Ger.
many, in the principality of Wied,
three miles from Neuwied. Many va-
luable antiquities, and the traces of a
Roman city, were difcovered here in
1791.
NIEMECZ, a ftrong town of Moldavia,
between Soczoway and Braffaw, being
25 miles from each. Lon. 26 16 §, lat,
46 58 N.
NreMeNn, a large river of Poland,
which rifes in Lithuania, and paffes by
Bielica and Grodna: it afterward runs
through part of Samogitia, and Eaftern
Pruffia, where it falls into the arm of the
fea, called the Curifch-haff, by feveral
mouths, of which the moft northern js
called the Rufs, being the name of the
town it pafles by.
NIENBURG, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Brunfwick-Lunenburg,
with a flrong caftle. It carries on a
confiderable trade in corn and wool, and
is feated on the Wefer, 30 miles nw
of Hanover, and 37 SE of Bremen. Lon.
9 26 £, lat. 52 45 N.
Nien Coster, a town of Lower
Saxony, in the bifhopric of Schwerin,
three miles E of Wifmar.
NIENHUIS, a town of Germany, in
the bifhopric of Paderborn, feated on the
Lippe, 20 miles £ of Lipftadt. Lon. 8
55 8, lat. 51 50 N.
NiEPER. See DNIEPER.
NIESTADT, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Mecklenburg, 15 miles
s of Schwerin. Lon, 11 46 £, lat. 53
59 N.
NIESTADT, a town of Germany, in
the middle marche of Brandenburg, Lnted
on the Fuyhre, 25 miles ne of Berlin.
Lon. 14.1 E£, lat. 52 49 N.
NIESTER. See DNIESTER.
NIEUPORT, a feaport of Auftrian
Flanders, feated on the German Ocean,
at the mouth of the Yperlee. In 1333,
it was burnt by the rebels of Ghent. In
1583, it was taken by the prince of Parma.
In 1606, prince Maurice gained here 2
great victory over the Spaniards. It has
been taken and retaken in the {ubfequent
wars; the laft time by the French in
1794. It is nine miles sw of Oftend,
and 16 NE of Dunkirk. Lon. 2 4§ £,
lat. 517 N.
NIGER, ariver, fuppofed to be one of
the largeft in Africa. Its rife and termi-
nation are unknown; but its courfe is
frowt
pire
the
bel
two
il f
Nee
alfo
Egy
whe
the
Sind
whid
Call
{trea
abo
and
cott:
N
N
pital
in tl
SW 4
54 5!
NI
derm|
pinfu
remai
and {
Cairc
itfelf
with
ifland
it 7
were
onl
ae |
Tn th
Cairc
Rodc
Caire
midd
up al
This
deriv
nifes
there
colur
wate
crier’
mak
thro
this
wate
Galle
f Spatn, in
Tinto, 40
56 Ww; lat.
“4 of Ger.
of Wied,
Many va-
aces of a
cd here in
f Moldavia,
Taw, being
> 16 £, lat,
of Poland,
d paffes by
rward runs
ind Eaftern
arm of the
by feveral
northern js
ame of the
ver Saxony,
Lunenburg,
alries on a
{ wool, and
miles nw
men. Lon.
of Lower
Schwerin,
ermany, in
eated on the
At. Lon, $
er Saxony,
» 15 miles
Ey lat. 53
datsage in
urg, feated
ot Berlin.
Auttrian
an Ocean,
In 1383,
hent. In
t of Parma.
ed here 2
s. It has
fubfequent
French in
of Oftend,
2 45 E,
b be one oF
and termi-
courfe 9
\
NIL
from E to Wy running s of the em-
pire of Cafhna, toward Tombuétou, on
the s of which country it is fuppofed to
be loft in the fands. ‘The Africans have
two names for this river; namely, Neel
il Abeed, or River of the Negroes, and
Neel il Kibeer, or the Great River. They
alfo term the Nile, Neel Shem, or the
Egyption River; fo that the term Neel,
whence our Nile, is nothing more than
the appellative River, like Ganges or
Sinde. So great is the rapidity with
which the Niger traverfes the empire of
Cafhna, that no veffel can aicend the
{tream ; and in the rainy feafon, it {wells
above its banks, floods the adjacent lands,
and often {weeps before it the cattle and
cottages of the inhabitants.
NicRiTIA. See NEGROLAND.
NIKOPING, a town of Denmark, ca-
pital of the ifland of Falter, or Hulfter,
in the Baltic, with a ftrong fort, 55 miles
sw of Copenhagen. Lon. 12 7 Ey lat.
54 50 N.
NIKX@PING, a town of Sweden, in Su-
dermaniay, 60 miles sw of Stockholm.
Lon. 16 40 By lat. §8 40 N. si
NILE, a great river of Afiica, which
rifes at the foot of a high mountain in
Abyffinia. It.runs firft through the great
lake Dambia, and then makes a long
circuit toward its fourcey which it leaves
25 miles to the £, forming a fort of pe-
ninfula; after this it runs through the
remaining part of Abyifinia into Nubia,
and then into Egypt, till it arrives at
Cairo; a little below which it divides
itfelf into two great branches, which,
with the Mediterranean Sea, form the
ifland called Delta. The ancients reckoned
11 mouths of the Nile, of which feven
were confiderable; but at prefent there are
only two that are navigable at.all times ;
and thofe are at Rofetto and Damietta.
In the middle of this river, between Old
Cairo and Gize, is feated the ifland of
Rodda, which is almoft as long as Old
Cairo, and 500 paces in breadth in the
middle; and the front of the Mokias takes
up all the breadth of the fouthern part.
This is the work of the Saracens, and
derives its name from its ufe, for it fig-
nifies meafure. In reality they obferve
there every day, by means of a graduated
column, the increafe or decreafe of the
waters of the Nile; and thence the public
criers regulate the proclamations they
make of thefe events, at different hours,
through the city. On fome places of
this river there are rogks, -whence the
water falls feveral feet, and thefe are
called the cataragts of the Nile. It over-
NIO
flows regularly every year, from the 15th
of June to the 17th of Sept. when it
begins to decreafe. The fertility of
Egypt depends upon the overflowing of
the Nile; and they reckon it will be a
bad year when it is lefs than 14 cubits,
and above 18, but 16 cubits is the proper
height. During thé inundation, the liitle
towns, ftanding upon eminences, look like
{o many iflands; and they go trom one
to the other by boats. In Cairo there is
w canal called Khalis, which is opened
when the water is high enough; thence
it is conveyed into refervoirs and cilterns,
and is afterward diftributed into the fields
and gardens, as occafion requires. This
inundation of the Nile is caufed by the
periodical rains which fall every year
between the tropics, and more particu-
larly in Abyffinia, which is full of high
mountains. See NIGER.
NIMEGUEN, a large and commercial
city, capital of Dutch Guelderland, with
a citadel, an ancient palace, and feveral
forts. It is noted for the peace concluded
here in 1695; and has been often taken
fince, the laft time by the French in 1794.
It is feated on the Wahal, 35 miles se
of Utrecht, and 70 NE of Antwerp. Lon.
$458, lat: 51 55 N.
NING-KOUE-FOU, a city of China, in
the province of Kiang-nan, noted for it's
manufactures of paper, made of a {pecies
of reed ; and containing, in its diftrict, fix
cities of the third clafs.
NING-FO-FOU, called by the Europe-
ans LIAMPO, an excellent feaport of
China, in the province of Tche-kiang.
The filks manufa&tured here are much
efteemed in foreign countries, efpecially
in Japan, where they are exchanged by
the Chinefe for copper, gold, and filver.
Ning-po-fou has four cities under its ju-
rifdigtion, befide 2 great number of for-
treffés, and is feaced on the £ coaft, op-
pofite Japan, 850 miles sez of Pekin.
Lon. 120 18 8, lat. 29 57 N.
NINOVE, a town of Auftrian Fianders,
on the river Dender, with an abbey,
13 miles w of Bruffels. Lon. 4 5 2, lat.
\ §0 52 N.
Nio, an ifland of the Archipelago, to
the s of Naxia, anciently called Ios. It
is-35 miles in circumference, and fertile
in-corn, but has very little wood or oil.
The regular manners, and the behaviour
of the inhabitants to each other, revives
an idea of the fimplicity of the primitive
eges ; and their kind treatment of ftrangers,
appears to be the genuine remains ot an-
cient hofpitality, Lon. 25 35 wy lat
36 43 Ne
Ee
NIT
Niort, 2. town of France, in the de-
partment of the T’wo Sevres and late pro-
vince of Poitou. Here are manufactured
druggets, ferges, and other coarfe woollen
goods; and its dry fweetmeats are much
efteemed. It is 28 miles Nz of Rochelle.
Lon. o 33 W; lat. 46 20 N,
NipHon, the largeft ifland of Japan,
6co miles long and 150 broad, contain-
ing §5 provinces. It was diicovered, in
1542, by the Portuguele, who were. catt
on fhore by a tempeh. ‘The chiet town
is Jedo.
NISHNEI-NOVOGOROD, a town of
Ruffia, in a government’ of the fame
name, with a citadel, and an archiepitcopal
fes. It is feated on a mountain, at the
confluence of the Volea and Occa, 280
miles E by N of Moicow. Lon. 46 30 E,
lat. 56 34.N.
NISIBEN, or NESDIN, a very.ancient
and celebrated town of Diarbeck, now
only the thadow of what it was,-and feated
ina vaft plain, 70 miles sw ot Diarbekar.
Lon. 38 26 £, lat. 36 10 N. ;
Nisira, a fimall ifland on the coaft of
Naples, very fertile, and would be mere
fo but for the great number. of rabbits.
Tt has a harbour, called Porto Pavone.
NisMEs, a flourifhing city of France,
in the department of Gard and late: pro-
vince of Languedoc, with:a bifhop's fee.
Here are feveral, monuments of antiquity,
of which, the amphitheatre, Fuilt by the
Romans, is the principal, ‘he Maifon
Quarrée, or the {quare. houfe, is. a piece
of architeflure of the. Corinthian order,
and one of the fineft in the world. The
temple of Diana is, in part, gone to ruin.
Nifmes was taken by the Englifh in 1417.
‘The inhabitants, were all Calvinifts; but
Lewis xiv demolifhed their church, in
1685, and built a cattle to’ keep them in
awe. The population of Nifmes is com-
puted at near 50,000. It is feated in a
plain, abounding in wine and oil, 12
miles Nw of Arles, and 75 Nx of Nar-
bonne. Lon. 426 £, lat. 43 51 N.
Nissa, cr.NEssAvay a town of Jur-
‘key in Europe, in Servia. It was burnt
‘by the imperialifts in 1689, and is feated
on the Morava, 20 mtiles B of Precop, and
120 SE of Belyrade. Lon. 22 32 &, lat.
43 32 N.
Nivru, 2 river in Dumfriesfhire, which
yiftes in the mountains to the NW, and
gives the name of Nith{dale to that part
of the county through which it flows.
A little above Dumfries, it joins the
Cairne, and their united ftreams torm a
fine eftuary in Solway Frith.
NiTRiAa, a farnous defert of Egypt, 37
2
N Ol
miles in length, on the coaft of the Me.
diterranean Sea. It had formerly a great
number of monafteries, which are now
reduced to four; and it takes its name
from a falt lake, out of which is got the
natrumn of the ancients.
NiveLLe, a town of Auftrian Bra.
bant, remarkable for its abbey of noble
canonefies, whofe abbeis is ftyled princefa
of Nivelle. Here elfo is John of Niveile,
fo much admired by the common people;
which is the figure of a men in iron,
ftanding on the top of a tower near the
clock, who ftrikes the hours with a ham.
mer. The place enjoys great vd
and has a manutasture of cambrics.:: It
is 15 miles se of Bruffels. Lon. 4/36
E, lat. 50 35 N.
NIvERNOIS, a late province of France,
between Burgundy, Bourbonnois, and
Berry. Itis pretty fertile, contains mines
of iron, and is watered bya great number
of rivers, of which the Loire, Allier, and
Yonne, are the principal. It now forms
the department of Nievre.
NrxaBpour, a town of Perfia, in
Korafan, 80 miles se of Mefched. Lon,
61 32 By lat. 3540 N. | ;
NixaPa, a confiderable town of New
Spain, with a rich Dominican convent.
The country near it produces a great deal
of indigo, cochineal, and fugar. It is
30 miles se of Antequiera. Lon. 97 15
WwW, lat. 1642 N.
NIZZA-DELLA-PAGLIA, @ town of
Italy, in-Montferrat, feated on the Belbo,
15 miles sw of Alexandria. Lon. 836
E, lat. ag-1g5 N. ,
NoANaGuR, a town of Hindooflan
Proper, capital of a diftri€t, on the s coat
of the gulf of Cutch, inhabited by a pira-
tical tribe, called Sangarians. It is 300
miles Nw of Bombay.
NOcERA, an ancient town of Italy, in
the duchy of Spoletto, with a bifhop’s
fee; feated at the foot of the Appennines,
18 miles NE of Spoletto. Lon. 12 49 £,
lat. 43 1 N.
~ NOCERA-DI-PAGANI, a town of Na-
ples, in Terra di Lavora, 15 miles s of
Naples. Lon. 1420 £, lat. 40 36 N.
NoGENT-SUR-SEINE, a town of France,
in the department of Aube and late pro-
vince of Champagne, feated on the Scine,
25 miles nw of ‘Troyes. Lon. 3 40 &
lat. 48 30 N.
NOGENT-LE-RotTrRou, a town of
France; in the department of Eure and
Loire and late province of Beauce, feated
on the Huifne, 35 miles NE of Mans.
Lon. o 50 £y lat. 43 26 N..
Noir, Capg, a promontory of §
Amer
rueg
No
near t
miles
of bo
The J
on it
the fa
No
Terra
piiles
4o 56
No
ory 0}
rood |
yal, al
lat. 4
No
Firma
kor
rihing
73 35
NO
upart
é
56.
No
oppolh
tuzued
the W
this pl
dary.
double
30 W,
No}
Dalme
ed neal
Zara.
No
Veltp
7 5 &;s
No
SOUN]
No!
of Spe
and fe:
SE ot
a catth
Noi
PaLa’
No:
Lower
the el
are pi
Halt
No)
‘the Me.
ly a great
are now
its name
is got the
‘ian Bra.
of noble
d princefa
t Nivelle,
nm peoples
1 in iron,
near the
th a ham.
Wivileges,
wics.:' It
on. 4/36
of France,
10is, and
‘ins mines
at: number
lier, and
iow forms
erfia, in
ed. Lon,
n of New
convent,
great deal
ur. It is
On. 97 15
town of
he Belbo,
on. 8 36
indooftan
he s coatt
by a pilas
It is 300
Italy, in
bifhop’s
pennines,
12 49 E,
m of Na-
iles 5 of
36 N.
bf France,
late pro-
he Scine,
+3408,
town of
Sure and
e, feated
bt Mans.
of §
NOR
America, at the 8 extremity of Terra del
Fuego. Lon. 73 3 Wy lat. 54 32 8.
NomrnMOTIER, an ifland of France,
near the mouth of the river Loire. It is 17
miles in length and eight in breadth, full
of bogs, and yet there are good paltures.
The Englith made an untuccefsful attack
on itin 1795. ‘The principal town is of
the {ame name, Low.2 10 Ww, lat.470N.
NoLay an ancient town of Naples, in
Terra di Lavora, with a bilhop’s tee, to
tiles NE of Naples. Lon. 14 28 £, lat.
40 50 N.
Nout, a town of Italy, in the terri-
ory of Genoa, with a bifhop’s fee, and a
yood harbour. It is five miles Ng of Fi-
wu, and 30 sw ot Genoa. Lon. 8 41 £,
lat. 4g¢ 18 N,
NoMBRE-DE-D103, a town of Terra
Firma, in the province of Darien, a little
g of Porto-Beflo, to which its once flou-
vihing trade is now transterred. Lon,
78 34 .W, lat. g 40 N.
NOMENY, a town of France, in: the
department of Meurthe and late pro-
vig oot Lorrain, teated on the Selle, 15°
mis NOf Nanci. Lon.6 15 £, lat. 48
56°.
Non, CAPE, a promontory of Africa,
oppolite the Canary Iilands. The Por-
tuzuefe, in their firft attempts to eles
the w coaft of Africa, long confideved
this promontory as an impatfable boun-
dary. This its name imports; but they
doubled it, at lait, in 1412. Lon. 10
30 W, lat. 28 30 N.
Nona, a ftrong town of Hungarian
Dalmatia, with a bifhop’s fee. It is feat-
ed near the fea, feven miles N by w of
Zara. Lon,.16 10 £, lat. 44 35 N.
NooRDEN, @ confiderable town of
Wettphalia, 12 miles n of Embden. Lon.
7 5 £, lat. §3 38 N.
Noorka. See KinG GEORGE’s
SOUND.
Norcia, a town of Italy, in the duchy
of Spoletto. It is a kind of republic,
and jeated among the mountains, 20 miles
sE of Spoletto. Lon. 13 4 8, lat. 42
36 N.
NorpD. See NORTH.
NorpBurG, 2 townof Denmark, at
the N extremity of the ifle of Alfen, with
a cattle, nine iniles »ww of Sunderburg.
Norpcaw. See Bavaria, UPPER
PALATINATE OF.
NORDHAUSEN, an imperial town of
Lower Saxony, under the protection of
the elector ot Saxony. The inhabitants
are proteftants. It is 25 miles sw of
Halberitadt. Lon. 11 3 8, lat. 51.45N.
NORDKIOPING, a town of Sweden, in
NOR
E Gothland, It covers a large fpace of
ground, being 10 miles in ¢ircumference 5
but the houfes are feattered, and the in-
habitants do not exceed 10,000. The
river Motala flows through the town,
forms a feries ef catara&ts, and is divided
into tour principal ftreams, which encir-
cle feveral rocky iflands, covered with
buildings: at the extremity of the town
it is navigahle tor {mall veflels. Here
we manutactures of cloth; fome fugar-
houles, and a brafs foundry. Corn is
exported hence in great quantities ; and
a falmon-fifhery gives employment and
riches to mszny of the inhabitants. It is
90 miles sw of Stockholm. Lon. 15
50 Ry lat. 68 28 N.
NORDLAND, a provineé of Northen
Norway, included in the government of
Drontheim.
NORDPLINGEN, a commercial and free
imperial town of Suabia, feated cn the
Aigre, 38 miles Nw of Augfburg. Lon,
11 49 £, lat. 48 52.
NORDSTRAND, an ifland of Denmark,
in the duchy of Slefwick, which was
entirely overflowed in 1634.’ Lon.g 15 85
lat. 54. 4.0 N. :
NORFOLK, a county of England, 77:
miles long and 45 broad; bounded on the
N and E by the German Ocean, on the
w by Cambridgefhire and Lincolnthire,
and onthe s and se by Suffolk. It con-
tains 31 hundreds, one city, 32 market-
towns, and 660 parithes ; and fends 12
members to parliament. ‘Che produ@s
vary accourding to the {oil and fituation.
The lighter arable lands produce barley
in great plenty; wheat is cultivated in
the ttronger foils; and turnips are more
generally grown here than in any other
part of the kingdom. © Much buck-wheat
is alfo grown in the light foils, and uled
tor feeding {wine and poultry. ~The fen-
ny parts yield great quantities of butter,
which is ent to London ‘under the name
of Cambridge butter. The fheep are a
hardy {mall breed, much valued for their
mutton. Turkies are reared here to a
larger fize than eliewheres -rabbits are
extremely numerous on the {andy heaths ;
and there is abundance of game, etpeci-
ally of pheafants. The air is fharp and
piercing, which throws the feafons more
backward than in other counties under
the fame latitude; but it is very whole-
fome, particularly ‘in the inland parts.
The manufactures of Nortolk are wortted,
woollen, and filks.’ Its principal rivers
are the Great Oufe, Nen, Little Ou,
Waveney, Yare, and Bure. Norwich is
the capital,
Ee 2
4
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<.% <¢
ZG
ila
1.4
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125
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ai
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Vw
NOR
NorFOLK; a town of the United
States, the moft populous in Virginia,
featcd on James River, 105 miles se of
Richmond. Lon. 76.25 w, lat. 35 40N.
NoRFOLK ISLAND, an ifland in the
Pacific Ocean,’ lying £ of New S Wales,
and fettled b a colony of convicts, fub-
ordinate to that government. It is very
hilly, but fome of the vallies are tolerabl
Jarge. Mount Pitt, the only semarkable
hill, 1s 12,000 feet high. , The whole
ifland is, covered by a very thick foreft,
choked with underwood, and the princi-
pal timber tree is the pine, which is very
ufeful in building, and feems to be du-
yable. The foil, when cleared, may be
rendered very productive ; and the air is
very wholefome. The {pring is percep-
tible in Augu; but the trees are in a
eonftant fucceffion of flowering and fruit-
ing the year round. In fummer, the
heat is exceffive; from February to Au-
guft may be called the rainy feafon; and
the winter, from April to July, is very
pleafant.. This ifland is fupplied with
many ftreams of water, which
abound with very fine ecls. The cliffs
round the coaft are 240 feet high, quite
rpendicular ; and the want of a fate
arbour is a great inconvenienc. The
fetlement is formed in Sydney Bay, on
the s fide of the ifland, in lon. 168 12 Ey
t.29 45.
NORLAND, one of the five general di-
vifions of Sweden, comprehending the
aa of Geftrikeland, Heliingland,
edelpadia, Hiemtland, Herjedalia, On-
germania, and Weft Bothnia.
_ Normanpy,a late province of France,
bounded on the w by the Atlantic, on
the N by the Englifh Chamel, on the g£
by Picardy and the Ifle of France, and cn
the s by Perche, Maine, and Bretagne.
It is one of the moft fertile in France, and
abounds in all. things except wine, but
that defect is fupplied. by cider and perry.
It contains iron, copper, and a great
number of rivers and harbours. This
province now forms the departments of
Calvados, Eure, the Channel, Orne; and
Lower Seine.
NORRISTOWN, a town of the United
States, capital of the county of Montgo-
mery, in Pennfylvania. It is feated on
the river Skuykill, 12 miles nw of Phi-
ladelphia. R. 75 24 WwW, lat. 40 7 'N.
NortnH, or Norp, a department of
France, including the late French pro-
vinces of Hainault, Flanders, and the
« Cambrefis.
NortH Cape, the moft northern pro-
montory of Europe, on the coaft of. Nor--
way. Lon. 25 57 £, lat. 71 205,
NOR
Nortnu Coast, a department of
France. See Corgs pu Norp.
NORTHALLERTON, a borough in the
N riding of Yorkfhire, with a market on
Wedneiday. It fends two members to
parliament, and is feated on a imal
brook, which, a mile below, runs into
the river Wifk. It is a well-built trad-
ing place, 30 miles NNW of York, and
223 N by woof London. Lon. 1 20 w,
lat. 54 23 N.
NORTHAMPTON, a county of Pennfy}-
vania, 111 miles long and 35 broad. In
1790, it contained 24,250 inhabitants,
Eatton is the capital.
NORTHAMPTON, the eounty-town of
Northamptonfhire, with a market on Sa-
turday. It is feated on the Nen, which
is navigable to Lynn, and its principal
manufacture is that of boots and thoes,
of which many are made for exportation.
The horfe fairs of this place are greatly
reforted to. It is a handfome town, has
a fpacious market-place, and had feven
churches, which are now reduced to four.
It was almoft intirely deftroyed by fire
in 1675, but was foonrebuilt. It fends
two members io parliament, is governed
by a mayor, and has a good freefchool,
and’ a county infirmary and gaol. In
the meadows below the town, a battle
was fought, in 1460, between Henry vi
and the Yorkifts, in which the former
was defeated and made prifoner ; and near
it is a fine Gothic ftru&ture, called Queen’s
Crofs, erected by Edward 1 in memory of
his queen Eleanor. ‘This town is 40
miles sz of Coventry, and 66 Nw of
London. Lon. x 11 W, lat. 52 11 N.
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE, a county of
England, 60 miles long and 22 where
broadeft; bounded on the s by Bucks and
Oxfordfhire, on the w by that county and
Warwickfhire, on the nw by Leicetter-
fhire and Rutlandfhire, on the N by Lin-
colnthire, and on the £ by the counties of
Cambridge, Huntingdon, and Bedford.
It lies in. the diocefe of Peterborough ;
contains 20 hundreds, one city, 12 mar-
ket-towns, and 330 parifhes; and fends
nine members to parliament. The air
is very healthy, except in the NE part
mar Peterborough, which is the com-
meneement of a fenny tract extending te
the Lincolnfhire Wath. With this fin-
gle exception, Northamptanfhire is faid
to contain leis wafte ground, and more
feats of the nobility and gentry, than any
other couatry. Its teft aefect is a
fearcity of fuel, which is but icantily
fupplied by its woods; and though coal
is brought by the river Nen, it is at a
very dea rate. This county, however,
polfefles fo}
old forefts
ingham 0!
hittlebu
in general,
farming ¢
celebrated
cattle, and
traordinar
large blac
the diers
county is
tures. T
and Wella
watered b
and Avon.
NorTH
fhire, with
turday. I
miles sw @
London.
NorTHE
feated on
Gravefend.
and contai
ancient as
quantities 4
numbers of
dug up here
NorTH
Lower Saxe
Leinay 45 |
10 £, lat. |
NorTHL
Glouceiterfl
England, w
being fituat
Saxon hep
kingdom ©
contained a
cafter, Dur
morland.
England, a
German Os
of Durham
berland, at
land, from
Tweed. !
and 50 frot
cefe of D
towns, and
members t
tremely he
tion of the
the narrow
NOR
offeffes fome confiderable remains of ‘its
old forefts, particularly thofe of Rock-
ingham on the nw; and of Salcey and
hittlebury on the s. Its produéts are,
in general, the fame with thole of other
farming counties ; out it is peculiarly
celebrated for grazing land. Horned
cattle, and other animals, are fed to ex-
traordinary fizes; and many horfes of tise
large black breed are reared. Woad for
the diers is cultivated here ; but the
county is not diftinguifhed for manufac-
tures. The principal rivers are the Nen
and Welland ; befide which it is partl
watered by the Oufe, Leam, Cherwell,
and Avon.
NORTHCURRY, a town in Somerfet-
fhire, with a market on Tueldlay and Sa-
turday. It is feated on the Tone, 20
miles sw of Wells, and 134 w by s of
London. Lon. 3 0 W, lat. 51 ON.
NORTHFLEET, a village in Kent,
feated on the Thames, one mile w of
Gravefend. The church is very large,
and contains fragments of monuments as
ancient as the fourteenth century. Vaft
quantities of lime are made, and great
numbers of extraneous foffils have been
dug up here.
NORTHEIM, a commercial town of
Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Brunf-
wick, feated between the Rhume and
Leinay 45 miles s of Hanover. Lon. 7
10 £, lat. 51 42 N.
NORTHLECHy a corporate town in
Glouceiterfhire, with a market on Wed-
nefday, feveral almshoufes, and a free
grammar-fchool. It is feated on the
Lech, 25 miles £ of Gloucefter, and 80
w by n of London. Lon. 1 43 w, lat.
51 46 N.
NORTHUMBERLAND, a county of
England, which received its name from
being fituate n of the Humber. In the
Saxon heptarchy it was a part of the
kingdom of the Northumbrians, which
contained alfo the counties of York, Lan-
cafter, Durham, Cumberland, and Weft-
morland. It forms the N extremity of
England, and is bounded on the’E by the
German Ocean, on the s by the bifhopric
of Durham, on the sw and w by Cum-
berland, and on the Nw and N by Scot-
land, from w':ich it is feparated by the
Tweed. It extends 70 miles from ¥ to s,
and 50 from Eto w. It lies in the dio-
cefe of Durham; contains 12 market-
towns, and 460 purifhes; and fends eight
members to parliament. The air is ex-
tremely healthful 3 and, from the fitua-
tion of the county between two feas, in
the narrowelt part of Great Britain, it ie
NOR
not fo cold as might be imagined from
the latitude in which it lies. “The foil is
various; the £ part fruitful in moft forts
of carn, with rich meadows on the banks
of the rivers; but the w part is moftly
heathy and mountainous. The sz
abounds with coal; and the sw angle has
rich lead mines. The principal rivers
are the Tyne, Tweed, sok Coquet. Aln-
wick is the county-town; but the large
is Newcattle.
NORTHUMBERLAND, a county: of
Pennfylvania, 180 miles long and 80
broad. In 1790, it contained .7,161 in-
habitants. Sunbury is the capital.
NORTHUMBERLAND, a town of Penn-
Givens, feated in the angle formed by
the junétion of the w and ez branches of
the Sufquehannah, juft above Sunbury,
and 138 miles Nw of Philadelphia.
NORTHWICH, a town in Chethires with
2 market on Friday, It is feated on the
river Dane, and noted for its falt-works.
Vaft pits of folid rock falt have been dug
here to a great depth, from which immenie
quantities are raifed ; and much of it, in
its crude itate, goes to Liverpool by the
river Weaver, to be ex els North -
wich is 20 miles Ne of Chefter, and 173
ae of London, Lon. 2 36 wy lat. 53
16 N.
Norton, or CHipPinc Norton, a
ccrporate town in Oxfordfhire, with a
market on Wednefvay. Roman coins
have been frequently found here, and it
formerly fent members to parliament. It
is 12 miles sw of Banbury, and 74
ww of London. Lon. 1 17 w, lat. 5x
$.N.
Norton Sounp, an inlet of the fea,
on the w coatt of N America, difcovered
by captain Cook in his laft voyage. Lon.
162 47 W, lat. 64 55 N.
Norway, a kingdom of Europe, the
moft wefterly part of the ancient Sandie
navia. It is bounded on the n and w
ty the Northern Ocean, on the g by Swe-
dith Lapland and Sweden, and on the s
YH the Categate ; extending from the
aze in lat. 57 30, to the North Cape
in lat. 71 20. Its breadth, which is very
unequal, is from. 30 to 280-.miles. It
is divided into the four governments of
Aggerhuys or Chriftiania, Chriftianfand,
Bergen, and Drontheim, From its rocky
foil and northern pofition, Norway is not
populous in proportion to its extent. Mr.
Coxe has calculated the number of inha-
bitants to be 750,000. They maintain
their own army, which confifts of 24,000
foot and 6000 cavalry. Their troops are
much cfteemed for their bravery, and,
Ee4
NOR
like the Swifs mountaineers, are exceed-
ingly attached to their gounity, Nor-
way is blefled with a particular code,
called the Norway Law, compiled by
Grieffelfeld, at the command of Chrif-
tian v, the great legiflator of his coun-
try. By this Jaw, peafants are free, a
few only excepted on fome noble eftates
near Fredericftadt; and the benefits of
this code are vifible in the great difference,
in their appearance, between the free pea-
fants. in Norway and the enflaved vallals
ot Denmark, though both 1iving under
the fame government. The Norwegian
peafants poffefs much fpirit and fire in
their manner; are frank, open, and un-
daunted, yet not infolent ; never fawn-
ing to their fuperiors, yet paying proper
re{pect to thofe above them. ‘The fame
caufes which affect the population of Nor-
way, operate likewile on the ftate cf til-
Jage, for the country does not produce
futEcient corn for its own confumption 5
but it is rich in pafture, and produces
much cattle. The fitheries, particularly
on the w.conii, find employment and
wealth for the natives, and fupply the
fineft failors for the Danifh fleet. ‘The
wineipal fith, which, dried and. falted,
urnith a confiderable article cf expor-
tation, are cod, ling, and whiting: their
livers alfo yield trainoil ; and the finalleft
are given as winter fodder to the cattle.
‘The extenfive forefs of oak and pine
produce timber, fpars, beams, and planks,
befide charcoal, turpentine, bark, fuel,
and even manure; and the birch (the
park of which is ufed as a covering for
the roofs of houfes) not only tupplies
fuel, but alfo a kind of wine. The ge-
neral exports are tallow, butter, falt, dried
fith, timber, planks, horfes, horned cattle,
filver, alum, Pruffian blue, copper, and
iron. It abonnds in lakes and. rivers ;
the former fo large, that they ap ear like
inlets-of the fea, Norway was formerly
governed by its own hereditary fovereigns.
On the demile of Hagen v, in 1319, with-
out male iffue, his grandfon in the female
line, Magnus Smcek, united in his perfon
the kingdoms of Sweden and Norway.
Magnus was fucceeded in the kingdom
of Norway by his fon Hagen vi, hui
band of the celebrated Margaret; and,
at his deceafe, in 1380, Norway was
wnited to Denmark by their ion Olef v,
who dying without iflue, Margaret her-
jelf was raifed. to the threne by the una-
-nimous yoice of the nation, On, her
death, it defcegded, with Denmark and
Sweden, ,to her nephew Eric. Sweden
was afterward ;feparated. from Denmark
NOT
by the valour and addreis of Guftavus
Vafa; but Norway continues united to
Denmark. The capi al is Chriftiania.
NorRwicH, an ancient and populous
city, the capital of Norfoix, wii a mar-
ket on Wedneiday, Friday, and Satur.
day. . It is furrounded by a wall, now
much decayed, and feated on the Yare,
which runs through it, and is navigable
to Yarmouth, without locks. Although
of confiderable extent, tke population is
Not fo great as might be expected, as it
contains a number of gardens and or-
chards within the walls. It is a county
of itielf, governed by a mayor, and {ends
two members to parliament. ‘There are,
befide the cathedral, 36 parifl churches,
fone of which were formerly covered with
thatch; two chur¢hes for the Fiemings,
fome diflenting meeting-houfes, and a
Roman catholic chapel. It has a ftately
caitle, ona hill, which is the fhire-houle
aiid the county gaol; the affizes for the
city being held at the Guildhall. Here
is alfo a city and connty hoipital, a thy-
atre-royal, an elegant alfieabiestsoen, and
a lotty market-houle of calteees The
ancient dukes of Noriolk had a palace
here, which is ftill in exiftence as a work.
houle. Here alfo is a free{chool, tounded
by Edward vi, and feveral other chari-
table foundations. Near this city are the
ruins of the caltle of Kett, the tanner,
by whofe rebellion, in the reign of Ed-
ward vi, the city was reduced to a 1uin-
ous ftate. Norwich long took the lead,
in point of confequence, among the in-
land towns: for this it was indebted to
its great manufactures of crapes, bom-
bazines, and ftuffs of various kinds, which
are fill confiderable, though fomewhat
declined, on account of the rivah.ip of
the cotton branches. It is 4.3 miles N of
Tpiwich, and rog Nz of London. * Lon. 1
20 Ey lat. 52 40 N.
Norwicad, a town of the United
States, in Conneéticut, feated atehe head
of the Thames, 12 miles N of New
London; at which place and Norwich the
executive courts of Jaw are held alternate-
ly. Here ave made paper of all kinds,
ftockings, dnd buttens, ftone and earthen
ware, and all kinds of torge work.
NOTEBURGH, a town of Ruffia, in
the government of Peterfburgh, feated on
an ifland in the Inke Ladoga, at the
place where tie river Neva proceeds from
this lake. Ithasa good citadel, and wag
capital of Ingria, before Peterfhurgh was
built. It is 25 miles & of Peterfburgh,
Lon. 31 9 8, lat. 59 56 N.
Noro, an ancient town of Sicily, ca-
pital of
an earthq
was built
Noto Nu
racule.
NoTtT
Nottingh
nelday an
rocky em
magnifice
to the du
the fite of
in Engli
handiome
cious mar
cellent ald
feats of ¢
ticularly ¢
filk and cq
ture of coa
parifh ch
the diffent
vaults, or
in the nei
which affc
ence. A
is ftandar
civil war,
ftruction.
mayor, fen
and is fea
nicates wi
s. It is:
N by w o!
52 53 N.
, Nott
England, «
bounded or
colathire, «
on the s bi
by Derbyt
York ;con
ket-towns,
eight mem|
fuch a ten
as to rende
pleafant:cor
cipal rivers
moit the wh
parts of th
pied by the
which is tl
Trent; but
been cleared
much contr,
this county
reat plent:
ike alabait
when burnt
hard, and w
rally lay, the
avUugs
d to
la.
ulous
mars
ature
now
Yare,
gable
ough
on is
as it
1 or-
Junty
fends
e are,
ches,
with
ings,
nda
tately
houie
r the
lere
1 the-
1, and
The
yalace
vork-
unded
chari-
re the
nner,
Ed-
tuin-
lead,
he ins
ed to
bom-
vhich
what
ip of
5 N of
on. 3
nited
head
New
h the
ate-
kinds,
arthen
ha, in
ed on
t the
from
id was
y was
urgh.
9 Cae
NOT
pital of Val-di-Noto, It was ruined by
an earthquake in 1693, but another town
was built at fome diftance from it, called
Noto Nuovo. It is 22 miles sw of Sy-
racufe. Lon. 15 19 Ey lat. 36 so N.
NOTTINGHAM, the county-town of
Nottinghamfhire, with a market on Wed-
nefday and Saturday. It is fituate on a
rocky eminence, crowned by its caftle; a
magnificent modern ftrudture, belonging
to the duke of New<altle, and built on
the fite of an ancient fortreis, celebrated
in Englith hiflory. It is.a populous and
handfome town, diftinguifhed by its {pa-
cious market-place, and noted tor its ex-
cellent ale. It is one of the principal
feats of the ftocking manutacture, par-
ticularly of the finer kinds, as thote of
filk and cotton; and has alfo a manufac-
ture of coarfe earthen ware. It hus three
parith churches, and.feveral meetings for
the diffenters. It is remarkable foy its
vaults, or cellars, cut into the rock; and
in the neighbourhood are many coalpits,
which afford plenty of fuel, at little ex-
ence. At this town Charles 1 fet up
is ftandard, at the commencement of the
civil war, which terminated in his de-
ftruction. Nottingham is governed bya
mayor, fends two members to parliament,
and is feated on a river, which commu-
nicates with the Trent, one mile to the
s. It is 16 miles £ of Derby, ang 123
n by w of London. Lon. 1 2 w, lat.
52 58 N.
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE, a county of
England, 48 miles long and 20 broad ;
bounded on the N by Yorkthire and Lin-
colnfhire, on the E by the Jatter county,
on the s by Leiceticrshire, and on the w
by Derbyfhire. It lies in the diocefe of
York ; contains eight hundreds, nine mar-
ket-towns, and 168 parifhes; and {ends
cight members to p:rliament. It enjoys
fuch a temperature of foil and climate;
as to render it one of the moft fertile and
pleafant'counties in England. The prin-
cipal rivers are the ‘Trent and Idle. Al-
moit the whole of the middle and weftern
parts of the county were formerly occu-
pied by the extentive forelt of Shirwood,
which is the only roya}, foreft N of the
Trent ; but the wood has in many parts
been cleared, and the extent of, the, toreft
much contragted; . The chiet produsts, of
this county are coal, yf which there is —
reat plenty; a kind of ftone fomewhat
ike alabaiter, but not {0 hard, which,
when burnt, makes a plaiter exceedingly
hard, and with this the, inhabitants gene-
tally lay, the flooys.of their upper rooms,
NOV
inftead of boarding them: its other ccm:
modities are malt, wool, licorice, and
wood. The manufaciures chiefly confift
of framework knitting, glais, and earthen-
, ware.
NOVALLE,-a fimall town of Italy, 10
miles NE of Padua, and 12 sw of Tre-
vito. Lon. 12 10 8, lat. 45 29 N,
Novara, an ancient and ftrong town
of Italy, in the duchy of Milan, capital
of the Novarefe, with a bifhop’s fee. It
is feated on an eminence, 12 miles NE of
Verceil, and 25 w by s of Milan. Lon.
8 35 £, lat. 45 25 .N.
Nova Scoria, or ARCADIA, acoun-
try of Britith North America, bounded
on the w by the United States, on the w
by the river St. Lawrence, on the £ hb
the guif of that name, and on the $ by
the Atlantic and bay of Fundy ; being
fo indented by the latter, that its eaftern
part forms a peninfula. It extends from
Cape Sable, its moft fouthern point, in
lac. 43 23 tO 49 30 .N, and from 60 15
to 67 ow lon. In 1784, pare of this
country was formed into a new province.
See New Brunswick. ‘The atmo-
{phere, for a great part of the year, is
clouded with a thick tog, which renders
it unhealthy ; and, for four or five months,
it is intentely cold. A great pari of the
country lies in foreft; and the foil (ex-
cept on th: banks of the rivers) is thin
‘and barren, Halitax is the capital.
NOVELLARA, a town of Italy, .capi-
tal of a fimall diftri& of the fame name,
with a cattle, where the fovereign retides.
It is 17 miles e by N of Parma, and 20
8 by w of Mantua. Lon. 11 4 E, lat.
44.48 N. é
Novi, a town of Italy, in the terri-
tory of Genoa, 22 miles Nw of Genoa.
Lon. 8 29 B, lat. 44.45 .N.
Novi Bazar, a confidcrable town of
Turkey in Europe, in Servia. In 1788,
the A.uitrians were repulfed at this place,
but they afterward took it at a fecond
affault. Novi is feated near the Oreico,
72 miles w of Niffa, and 103 5 of Bel.
grade. Lon. 21 1 &, lat. 43 35 .N.
NoviGRaD, a itrong town of Up. er
Hungary, capital of a county of the
fame name, witha caftle. It is ieated on
a mountain, near the Danube, 25 miles
Nof Buda. Lon.18 208, lat.47 56N.
NoviGRabD, a {trong town of Turkith
Dalmatia, with a caltle, feated on a lake
of the ame name, near the gulf of Ve-
nice, 17 miles E of Nona, and 25 Nw of
Zara, Lon. 16 35,8, lat 44 36 N.
NoviGRaD,; ® OPE place of ‘Turkey
'@ 4
NOV
in Europe, in Servia, feated-near the Da-
nube, 35 miles x of Nifla. Lon. 22
32 E, lat. 44 6N.
Nov-Kian, a river of Afia. See
Ava.
Novocorop, once a powerful inde-
endent republic, finally reduced by Ivan
afhlivitch 11, in 1570, and united to the
Ruffian empire, of which it now forms a
government.
Novocorop, oneof the moft ancient
cities of Ruflia, capital of a government
of the fame name, and formerly called
Great Novogorod, to diftinguith it from
other Rufiian towns of the {ame appella-
tions. I was, for a long time, governed
1, its own dukes; and was, in faé, a
republic, under the jurifdiétion of a no-
minal fovereign. Its territory extended
to the N as far as the frontiers of Livonia
and Finland; comprifing great part of the
province of Archangel, and a large dif-
trict beyond the Nw limits of Siberia. It
was the great mart of trade between Ruf-
fia and the hanfeatic cities, and made the
moit rapid advances in opulence and po-
ulation. Its power was fo great, and
Its fituation fo impregnable, as to give
rife to a proverb, Who can refilt the gods
and Great Novogorod? But, in the 15th
century, this i SB republic was ob-
liged to fubmit to Ivan Vatiilivitch 1, grand
duke of Ruflia. It continued, neverthe-
lefs, the largeft and moft commercial city
in Ruffia, and contained at leaft 400,000
fouls. It was firft defolated, in a man-
ner, by the cruelties of Ivan Vaffilivitch 11;
but its {plendour was not totally eclipfed
until Peter the Great built Peterfburgh,
to which he transferred all the commerce
of the Baltic that had before centered here.
Jt now contains fcarce 7000 fouls; but a
vait number of churches and convents
ftand melancholy monuments of its for-
mer magnificence. ‘The town ftretches
on both fides of the Volkoff, a river of
confiderable depth and rapidity, which
feparates it into two divifions; namely,
the Trading Part and the quarter of St.
Sophia: in the latter is a cathedral of
the fame name, in which feveral princes
of the ducal family of Ruffia are interred.
Novogorod is fituate near the lake Ilmen,
125 miles ssg of Peterfburgh. Lon. 32
45 E, lat. 58 20 N.
Novocorop SEVERSKO!, a town of
the Ruffian empire, in the government of
Kiof, feated on the Defna, 140 miles NNE
of Kiof.
NOVOGORODECK, a town of Lithua-
nia, capital of a palatinate of the fame
NUM
name, feated ina va(t plain, 70 miles s of
Wilna. Lon. 26 8 E, lat. §3 35 .N.
Nova, an ancient town of Spain, in
Galicia, feated on the Tamara, 15 iiiles
w of Compottella.
Noyers, a town of France, in the
department of Yonne and late province
of Burgundy, feated on the Serin, in a
valley furrounded by mountains, 17 miles
se of Auxerre. on. 4 2 E, lat. 47
39 N.
Noyon, an ancient town of France,
in the department of Oife and late pro.
vince of the Ifle of France. It gave
birth to the famous Calvin; and was
lately an epifcopal fee. It is feated near
the Oife, 22 miles nw of Soiffons, and
60 N by & of Paris. Lon. 3 6, lat.
49 35.N.
Nozeroy, a town of France, in the
department of Jura und late province of
Franche-Comté, with a caftle. It is feat.
ed ona moyntain, 20 miles se of Salines,
and 30 s of Befangon. Lon. 6 13k,
lat. 46 47 N.
Nusa, or SENNAR, a kingdom of
Africa, bounded on the n by Egypt, on
the £ by the Red Sea, on the s by Abyf-
finia, and on the w by Bornou. The
Nile runs through it; on the banks of
which, and of the other rivers, it is fruit-
ful, but in other places barren, fandy,
and deftitute of water. The inhabi-
tants make their bread and drink of a
finall round feed called doca, or feff, which
is vey ill tafted. Their houfes have
mud walls, are very low, and covered
with reeds. The drefs of the better {crt
is a veft without fleeves, and they have
no coverings for their heads, legs, and
feet. The common people wrap a piece
of linen cloth about them, and the chil-
dren go quite naked. They are a ftupid
debauched people, but profefs to be Ma-
hometans. The roduétions of the coun-
try are gold, elephants teeth, civet, and
fandal-wood ; and a great many flaves are
fent into Egypt. ‘The principal towns
known to the Europeans are Dangola and
Sennar.
Nuitz, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Cote d’Or and late province
of Burgundy, famous for its excellent
wines. It is feated at the foot of a moun-
tain, 15 miles sw of Dijon, and 150 sz
of Pacis. Lon. 5 o£, lat. 47 r0N.-
Numancra, anciently a confiderable
town of Spain, in Old Caftile, celebrated
for the long fiege it maintained againft the
Romans, who finally fubdued and de-
ftroyed it, in the year 333 B.C. The
ruins of it
head of t
above the
NUNEA
with a m:
manufactu
merly note
on the rivd
ef Covent
Lon. 1 25
NUNEH
s of Oxfor
Feaft, an
lord and lac
ment of vi
NuREM
imperial ci
circle of
It is fix mile
by high wa
and the riv
ftone bridg
and divides
ment is ari
are divided
which has
very induft
in arts: t
high efte
and math
they lefs ¢
the feveral
ivory, woo
toys are mz
known in E
toys. He!
painting,
public libr:
caftle or {
bought of
at the ext
arfenal is
The houfe:
‘four or fiv
religion is
the Holy |
as alfo th
the globe «
Maurice,
robe of the
the goldet
choir, anc
reditary 1
All thefe
which is {
and they ‘
coronatior
fon of hig
No Jews
night here
all withor
remburg,
NUR
ruins of it are ftill to be feen, near the
head of the river Douero, four miles
above the town of Soria.
NUNEATON, a town in Warwickhhire,
with a market on Saturday. It has a
msnufaéture of woollen cloth, was for-
merly noted for its nunnery, and is feated
on the river Anker, eight miles Nn by £
ef Coventry, and 99 NNW of London.
Lon. 1 25 W, lat. 52 36N.
NUNEHAM, 2 Village, five miles EB by
s of Oxford; remarkable for its Spinning
Feaft, an annual feftival, inftituted by
lord and lady Harcourt, for the encourage-
ment of virtue and induftry.
NuREMBURG, or NURENBERG, 2 free
imperial city of Germany, capital of the
circle of Franconia, with a univerfity.
It is fix'miles in circumference, furrounded
by high walls, flanked with 365 towers ;
and the river Pegnitz, over which are 12
ftone bridges, runs through the middle,
and divides it into two parts. The govern-
ment is ariftocratical ; and the townfmen
are divided into eight quarters, each of
which has a captain. The burgefles are
very induftrious, and the beft workmen
in arts: thcir maps and prints are in
high efteem, as well as their mufical
and mathematical inftruments; nor are
they lefs curious in clockwork, and in
the feveral manufactures of iron, fteel,
ivory, wood, and alabafter. The beft
toys are made here, which are commonly
known in England by the name of Dutch -
a
toys. Here is a famous academy for
painting, an anatomical theatre, and a
public library. The ancient and fuperb
caftle or palace, which the inhabitants
bought of the burgraves, is ftill ftanding
at the extremity of the city; and the
arfenal is one of the beft in Germany.
The houfes are built of freeftone, and are
‘four or five ftories high. ‘Though their
religion is the Lutheran, the church of
the Holy Ghoft has a variety of relics,
as alfo the imperial crown and fceptre,
the globe of the empire, the {word of St.
Maurice, the imperial mantle, the white
robe of the emperors, called the dalmatic,
the golden furplice, the mantle of the
choir, and the gloves, flippers, and he-
reditary crown of the emperor Rodolph 11.
All thefe rarities are placed in a cheft,
which is fufpended by a rope in the dome,
and they are never taken down but at the
coronation of an emperor, or when any per-
fon of high diftin&tion wants to fee them.
No Jews are fuffered to lodge a fingle
| here; nor can they enter the city at
all without paying a certain tax. Nu-
remburg, in procé{s ef time, has obtained
OAK
a confiderable territory, 100 miles in cire
cumference, in which are two large forv-fts,
It is 55 miles Nw of Ratifbon, 62 N of
Augfburg, and 250 w by N of Vienna,
Lon.11 12 £, lat.49 27N.
Nuys, a ten of Germany, in the
electorate of Cologne. It was taken by
the French in 1794; and is feated on the
Erfft, five miles sw of Duffeldorf, and
20 nw of Cologne. Lon. 6 52, lat. 52
TIN.
NyBC tc, a town of Denmark, in the
ifle of Funen, with the remains of an old
alace, in which Chriftian 1 was born,
t is feated on a commodious bay, 10
miles £ of Odenfte. Lon. 10 ge £, lat.
55 30N.
NYLAND, a province of Sweden, in
Finland, lying on the gulf of Finland, te
the w of Carelia,
Nyon, a commercial town of Swifler-
land, in the Pays de Vaud, capital of a
bailiwic of the fame name, with a caftle.
Here are a great many Roman infcrip-
tions. It is feated near the lake of Ge-
neva, 10 miles NNz of that city. Lon. 6
32 E, lat.46 21N.
Nyons, a town of France, in the
department of Drome and late province of
Dauphiny, feated at the foot of a chain
of mountains, on the river Aigues, with
a lofty bridge of one arch, the work of
the Romans, Here is a mineral fpring,
named Pontias, and fome manufaétures of
foap and woolled ftufts. It-is eight miles
Nw of Buis. Lon. 5 158, lat. 44 26N.
NysLo?, a ftrong town of Ruffia, in
the government of Livonia, with a caftle.
It is feated on the Narova, ameng large
marfhés, 20 miles sw of Narva, and 60
Nof Wiburg. Lon. ag 108, lat. 61 56N.
‘NyYsTADT, a town of Sweden, in Fin-
land, noted for a peace concluded here,
in 1721, between the emperor of Ruifia
and the king of Sweden. It is feated on
a bay of the gulf of Bothnia, 55 miles nw
of Abo. Lon.21 1, lat.61 190 N,
O
AKHAM, or Oxenam, the county.
' town of Rutlandfhire, with a market
on Saturday. Near the church remain
the decaying walls of an old caftle; and
four filver pennies of the later Mercian
kings were found here in 1749. It is
feated in the centre of a fertile valley,
called the Vale of Catmofe, 28 miles s by
E of Nottingham, and 98 n by w of
London. Lon.o 46w, lat. 52 42N.
OCH
OAKHAMPTON, or OCKHAMPTON, a
borough in Devonfhire, with a market on
Saturday. It fends two members to par-
liament, is governed by a mayor, and has
large remains of a atte, difmantled by
Henry vir. It is feated on the river
Ock, 24 miles w of Exeter, and 195 w
by s of London. Lon. 4 5 Ww, lat. 50
438 N.
Oaks CreEK. See CANIADERAGO.
Osan, a village in Argylehhire, feated
on the feacoaft, to the s of Loch Etive.
Here is an excellent fifhing ftation, and a
cuftomhoule.
OBpACH, a town of Germany, in the
duchy of Stiria, feated at the confluence
of the Achza and ‘Traun, three miles
below the lake Chienzee, and 35 w of
Gratz. Lon. 14 43£, lat.47 3N.
OBERKIRCH, a town and caftle of
France, in the department of Lower
Rhine and late province of Alface, three
miles from Strafburg, to whole late arch-
bifiop it belonged. Lon.7 508, lat. 48
N.
Ouidived F, a town of Suabia, in the
Black Foreft, tubjeét to the houfe of Auf-
tria. It is divided into the Upper and
Lower Town, and feated on the Neckar,
14 miles n of Rothweil. Lon.8 458,
Jat. 48 22N.
OBERNPERG, a town of Bavaria, with
a caftle, feated on the Inn, 15 miles s of
Paffau, to whofe bifhop it belongs. Lon.
13368, lat. 48 15N.
OBERSTEIN, a town of Germany, in
the palatinate of the Rhine, capital of a
county of the fame name. It is feated on
the Nahe, 30 miles £ by s of Treves.
Lon. 7 26 £, ‘at.49 42.
OBERWESEL, a town of Germany, in
the eleétorate of Treves, formerly impe-
rial. It was taken by the French in
1794, and is feated on the Rhine, 40 miles
BNE of Treves. Lon.7 48£, lat. 50 1N.
OBOLLAH, a ftiong town of Perfia, in
Irac-Agemi, feated on a branch of the
Tigris, near Buffarah. Lon. 45 15 8,
lat. 30 15.
OgsxkaYa, a bay of the Frozen Ocean,
in Afia. Lon. 72 258, lat.70 oN.
Osy, ariver of Ruffia in Afia, which
rifes in the defert of Ifchimfka, and run-
ning 'N joins the Irtyfh, near Tobolfk,
and falls into the bay of Obfkaya.
Ocano, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, feated on a plain, 18 miles £ of
Toledo. Lon.2 sow, lat. 39 52 N.
OcCHSENEURT, a town Of Franconia,
in the bifhgpric of Wurtzburg, feated on
the Maine, 10 miles se of Wurtzburg.
Lon. 30 10 £, lat.49 35N,
OEL
Occa, a river of Ruffia, which falls
into the Volga, near Nifhnei Novogorod,
OckerR, a river of Lower Saxony,
which rifes in the s part of the duchy of
Brunfwick, runs by Goflar, Wolfenbut-
tle, and Brunfwick, and talls into the
Aller, & of Zell.
Ocripa. See LOCHRIDA.
Oczakow, or OCZAKOFF, a town
and fortreis, lately of Turkey in Europe,
but now included in the Ruffian govern.
ment of Catharinenflaf. It has been fre-
quently an object of conteft between the
Turks and the Ruffiansy many thoufands
of whom, on both fides, have fallen in
the different fieges it has undergone. It
was taken by ftorm by the Ruffians, in
1788, and was confirmed to Rutffia, by
the fubfequent peace. It is feated at the
mouth of the Dnieper, oppofite Kinburn,
50 miles w of Cherfon, and 190 N by £
of Conftantinople. Lon. 30 50, lat. 46
50N.
ODENSEE, an ancient town of Den.
mark, capital of the ifle of Funen, witha
bifhop’s fee. It is feated on a {mall
river, two miles from the bay of Stegei-
trand, and 75 w of Copenhagen. Lon,
10 17E, lat. §5 30N.
Oper, ariver of Germany, which has
its fource near a town of the fame name,
in Silefia. Itruns N by Ratibor, Oppelen,
Breflaw, Glogaw, and Croffen, in Si-
lefia; Francfort, Lebus, Cuftrin, and
Frinwalt, in Brandenburg; and Gartz,
Stetin, Cammin, Wollin, Ufedom, and
Wolgaft, in Pomerania. Below Stetin
it forms a large lake, afterward falling
into the Baltic Sea by thrc: mouths ;_be-
tween which lie the iflands of Ufedom and
Wollin. .
OpER, a town in the sw extremity of
Silefia, at the fougce of the river Oder,
16 miles sw.of Troppaw. Lon.17 308,
lat. 50 46. "
ODERBURG, a town of Silefia, near
the confluence of the Oder and Elia, 10
miles s of Ratibor, Lon.18 108, lat.
50 2N,
ODERNHEIM, 4 town of Germany, in
the palatinate of the Rhine, feated on the
Seltz, 20 miles s of Mentz. Lon. 8 202,
lat, 49 31.N, )
ODIHAM, a corporate town in Hamp-
fhire, with amarket on Saturday, 24,miles
Ng of Winchefter, and 42 w by 5 of Lon-
don. Lon,9 56 W, lat. 51 18 N.
OELAND, an ifland of Sweden, in the
Baltic Sea, feparated from the coaft of
Gothland, by a {trait 10 miles in breadth,
It is 84 miles long, but not more than
nine broad,.and yery fertile. Borkholm
is the ch
N.
pf a
in the d
the Alle
Lon. 11 2
OESEL
coat of I
gulf of R
broad, a
former]
to Rufhia.
OEgTIN
with an o
refort of }
Upper an
the Inn, q
Len. 12 4
OETING
Suabia, c
name, It
12 miles
WNW of
48 58 N.
4 ag
up by Of
Facies
Welth. I
Shrophhire
fhire, and
OFFAN'
Nepie w
pafles by C
rates Capit
ra-di-Bari.
Venice, ne
Aufidus.
OFFENB
the circle o
the French
the Maine
Lon.8 45:
OFFENB
Suabia, un
of Auftria.
12 miles SE
den. Lon.
OFFIDA
quifate of
Lon. 13 46
OHETER
Ocean, 13
harbour, ar
tile as the
manufactur
cloth is of
clubs are b
people are |
rowner th
Lon. 150 4
OHIO, ¢
has its fou:
OHI
ts the chief town. Lon. 17 58, lat. 56
N.
OXLFELDT, «1 town of Lowey Saxony,
in the duchy of Magdeburg, feated on
the Aller, 25 miles & of Brunfwick.
Lon. 11 20 £, lat. §2 27 Ne
OESEL, an ifland of the Baltic, on the
coat of Livonia, at the entrance of the
gulf of Riga, Tt is 74 miles long and 50
broad, and defended by two forts. It
formerly belonged to Denmark, but now
to Ruflia. Arenfburgh is ‘ke capital.
OkTING, a town of Upper Bavaria,
with an old chapel, to which there is a
refort of pilgrims. It is divided into the
Upper and Lower Town, and feated on
the Inn, eight miles Nw of Burkhau(en,
Len. 12 448, lat.43 14N.
OkfTING, or OETINGEN, a town of
Suabia, capital of a county of the fame
name, It is feated on the river Wirnitz,
12 miles NNW of Donawert, and 35
ww of Ingolftadt. Lon. 10 408, lat.
43 58 N. ;
Orra’s Dike, an entrenchment caft
up by Offa, a Saxon king, to defend
Englanc againft the incurfions of the
Welth. It runs through Herefordfhire,
Shropfhire, Montgomeryfhire, Denbigh-
fhire, and Flintfhire.
OFFANTO, ariver of the kingdom of.
Naples, which rifes in the Appennines ;
palies by Conza and Monte Verde; fepa- |
rates Capitanata from Bafilicata and Ter-
ra-di-Bari; and falls into the gulf of
Venice, near Barletta. It is the ancient
Aufidus.
OFFENBACH, a town of Germiny, in
the circle of Franconia. It was taken by
the French in July 1796, and is feated on
the Maine, five miles g& of Franctort
Lon.8 458, lat.49 54.N.
OFFENBURG, an imperial town of
Suabia, under the protection of the houfe
of Auftria. It is feated on the Kintzig,
12 miles sE of Strafburg, and 28 s of Ba-
den. Lon. 818, lat.48 31N.
OrFipa, a town of Italy, in the mar-
quifate of Ancona, 26 miles s of Loretto.
Lon. 13 468, lat,44 53N. .
OHETEROA, an ifland jn the S Pacific
Ocean, 13 miles in circuit.. It has no
harbour, and is neither {o populous nov fer-
tile as the iflands to the w of it; yet its
manufactures are of a fuperior kind. The
cloth is of a better die, and the {pears and
clubs are better carved and polithed. The
people are lufty and well made, and rather
rowner than thofe of the Society Iflands,
Lon. 150 4.7 Wy lat.22 275.
OHI0, a river of N America, which
has its fource in the Allegany mountains,
OLD
and is called the Allegany, till its jun@ion
with the Monongahela at Fort Pitt, when
it firlt receives the name of Ohio. It
bounds the ftate of Kentucky in its whole
length; and the only difadvantage it has,
is a rapid, one mile and a half long,
in lat. 38 3N, about 400 miles from its
mouth. In this place the river runs over
a rocky bottom, above 1000 yards broad,
und the deicent is fo gradual, that the
fall does not probably in the whole ex-
cecd ten feet. When the ftream is low,
empty boats only can pafs this’ rapid;
but, when high, boats of any burden
may pats in fafety. ‘The Ohio carries a
great uniformity of breadth, from 400 to
600 yards, except the laft 150 miles,
where it is from &co to 1000 yards.
After a courte of near 1200 miles from
Pittfburg, in which it receives numbers
of large and imall rivers, it enters the
Miffifiippi in lat. 36 43 N.
O1icu, Locu, a lake in Invernefsthire,
extending tour miles from & to w. It
contains fome little wooded iflands; and
its waters flow through Loch Nefs inte
Murray Frith.
O1r4, an ancient town of Naples, in
Terra d’Otranto, with a bithop’s fee,
and an old caftle. It is feated at the feot
of the Appennines, 20 miles NE of Ta-
rento. Lon.17 54£, lat.40 38N.
OISANs, a town of France in the de-
partment cf Ifere and late province of
Dauphiny, 28 miles sz of Grenoble.
Lon. 6 25£, lat.a5 oN.
Oisz, a department of France, inclu-
ding part of the late province of the Ifle
of France. It takes its name from a
river, which has its fource in the Arden-
nes, and falls into the Seine, near Pon.
toiie. Beauvais is the capital,
OxXEHAM. See OAKHAM.
OKINGHAM, or WOKINGHAM, a
town in Berkfhire, with a market on
Tueflay, cight miles sz of Reading, and
32 woof London. Lon.o sgw, tear
25N.
OKOTZK, a province of the govern. ‘
ment of Irkutzk, in Rutfia. Its capital,
of the fame name, is feated at the mouth
of the Okota, in a bay of the Eaftera
Ocean.
OLDENBURG, a town of Weftphalia,
capital of a county of the fame name.
The church of St. Lambert contains the
tombs of the laft counts of Oldenburg,
which are very curious. It is noted for
its horfes; and is feated on the Hunta,
22 miles w of Bremen, and 45 sE of
Embden. Lon.g 8x, lat. 53 7.
OLDENBURG, a town of Lower Saxe
i
!
s
3
i
OLI
ony, in the duchy of Hollftein, feated near
the Baltic, 30 miles N of Lubec. Lon.
20 47E, lat. 54 22N.
OLDENDORF, a town of Lower Sax-
eny, in the duchy of Lunenburg, feated
on the Wenaw and Efca. Lon. 10 358,
bat. 53 16N.
OLDENDORF, a town of Weftphalia,
in the territory of Schawenburg, feated on
the Wefer, 28 miles sw of Hanover.
Lon. 9 31 Ey lat. 52 16N.
OLDENZEEL, a town of the United
Provinces in Overyffel, 30 miles £ of
Deventer. Lon. 6 578, lat. 52 20N.
OLDESLO, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Holftein, feated on the
‘Trave, 17 miles w of Lubec, and 25 NE
et Hamburg. Lon. 1c 18 £, lat. 53
2N.
; OxzERON, an file of France, five miles
from the coalts of Aunis and Saintonge.
It is 12 miles long and five broad; is
populous and fertile, and defended by a
caftle, In the reign of Richard 1, this
iland was part of the poffeffions of the
crown of England; and here that monarch
compiled the code of maritime laws, called
the Laws of Oleron, which are received
by all nations in Europe, as the ground
and fubitruétion of all their marine confti-
tutions. Lon.1 20 w, lat. 46 3N.
OLERON, a town of France, in the
*s- ment of Lower Pyrenees and late
ace of Bearn, with a bifhop’s fee.
.. .. leated on the C2ve, 10 miles sw of
Pau. Lon.o 14:w, lat.43 7N.
OLESKO; a town of Poland, in Red
Ruilia, 38 miles ENE of Lemburg. Lon.
25 10K, lat. 50 23N.
Ou1KA, a town of Poland, in Volhi-
nia, with a citadel, 20 miles £ of Lucko.
Lon. 26 8 &, lat. 51 15 N.
OxuinDA,.a town of Brafil, feated on
the Atlantic, with a very good harbour.
It was taken by the Dutelon 1630, but
retaken by the Portuguefe. Lon. 35 ow,
fat. 8 135.
OLITA, a town of Spain, in Navarre,
where their kings formerly refided. It
is {vated in a fertile country, 20 miles N
af Tudela. Lon. 1 46w, lat.42 22N.
©xiva, a celebrated monaftery of
Weiltern Pruffia, three miles w of Dant-
zic. It contains feveral tombs of the
dukes of Pomerania, and is remarkable
for the peace concluded in 1660, between
the emperor of Germany and the kings of
Sweden and Poland.
OLIvENzA, a ftrong town of Portugal,
in Alentejo, feated near the Guadiana,
t3 miles $ of Elvas, and 40 E of Evora.
Lon. 7 4W, lat. 38 30N.
OME
OtmeEDO, a town of Spain, in Old
Catftile, feated on the Adaja, 30 miles 5
of Valladolid. Lon. 4 29 wy lat. 41
20N.
OLMvuTz, a commercial town of Mo.
ravia, with a bifhop's fee, and a famous
univerfity. It was taken by the king of
Proffia, in 1741. In 1758, he befieged
it again; but was obliged to raife the
es It is feated on the Morava, 8
miles n by £ of Vienna, and 97 5 of
Breflaw. Lon.17 458, lat.49 26N.
OLNEY, a town in Bucks, with a
market on Monday, and a confiderable
manufaéture of bonelace. It is feated on
the Oufe, 12 miles se of Northampton,
and 56 NNW of London. Lon.o 54w,
lat. 52 §N.
. OLONE, an ifland, town, caftle, and
harbour of France, in the department of
Vendee and late province of Poitou, 30
miles nw of Rochelle, and 258 sw of
Paris. Lon. 1 43 W, lat. 46 30N.
OLONETZ, 2 government of Ruffia,
included formerly in the government of
Novogorod. In this diftriét are fome
confiderable iren works.
_OLonetz, a town of Ruffia, in a go-
vernment of the fame name, famous for
its mines of iron, and its minera) water,
It is fituate on the river Olonza, which
falls into the lake Ladoga, Lon. 24 20
E, lat.61 26N.
Ouse, or OELSE, a ftrong and con-
fiderable town of Silefia, with a cattle,
where the duke generally refides. It is
17 miles NE of Breflaw, Lon. 17 268,
lat. 51 19N. ‘
OLsniTz, a town of Upper Saxony,
in the territory of Voigtland, feated on
the Elfter, 60 miles sw of Dre‘den. Lon,
12 27 E, lat. 50 40N.
OLTEN, a town of Swifferland, capital
of a bailiwic, in the canton of Soleure. It
is dependent on the bifhop of Bafle, and
is feated a little to the n of the Aar, be-
tween Arberg and Araw. Lon.7 455,
lat. 47 16 N.
OLYMPUS, a mountain of Natolia, one
of the higheft and moft confiderable in all
Afia. The ancients fuppofed its top
reached the heaveiis; and, from that cir-
cumttance, placed the refidence of the gods
there, and made it the court of Jupiter.
OMBRONE, a river of Italy, which
rifes in the Siennefe, and falls into the
Mediterranean,
OMBRONE, a town of Italy, in the
Siennefe, between the river Ombrone and
the lake Cattigliano, three miles s ot
Grofletto.
OMEGNA, a-town of the duchy of Mi-
in, in Old
3° miles 5
W, lat. ay
wn of Mo.
d a famous
the king of
re befieged
D raile the
lorava, 80
id 97 8 of
9 26N.
8, with a
onfiderable
s feated on
‘thampton,
M.O 54.W,
caftle, and
artment of
Poitou, 30
§8 SW of
ON.
of Ruffia,
mment of
are fome
1» in a go-
‘famous for
ra} water,
za, which
ON. 24 20
and con.
a caftle,
es. It is
+37 26,
yr Saxony,
feated on
Hen. Lon,
d, capital
oleure. It
Bafle, and
Aar, be-
Nn. 7 45E,
tolia, one
ble in all
its top
that cir-
‘ the gods
Jupiter.
> which
into the
yr, in the
brone and
iles s of
y of Mi-
ONE
» in the Novarefe, with a caltle, five
miles N of Orta.
Omer, St. a fortified, large, and po-
pulous town of France, in the department
ef the Straits of Calais and late province
of Artois. It was anciently a village,
called Sithieu, and owes its prefent name
and importance to a faint, who built a
menaftery here in the feventh century.
The principal church, and that of St.
Bertin, are magnificent, as is the late
abbey of that faint. In 1677, it was
taken by the French, and confirmed to
them by the treaty of Nimeguen. About
a league from St. Omer, is a great morais,
in which are fome fleating iflands, that
may be direéted at pleafure, nearly like a
boat. They produce good paiture; and
the trees that grow upon them are kept
low, that the wind may not thave too
much power over them. St, Oiner is
feated on the Aa, on the fide of a hill,
eight miles Nw of Aire, and 135 N of
Paris. Lon.2 208, lat. 54 45N.
OMMEN, @ town of the United Pro-
vinces, in Overyffel, feated on the Vecht,
17 miles NE of Deventer, Len, 6 10 £,
Jat. 52 32.N. j ;
OMMENBURG, a {trong town of Ger-
many, in the electorate of Mentz, feated
en the Otherny nine miles sz of Marpurg,
and 45 NE of Franctort,: Lon.g 13 8,
Jat. 50 30N.
OMMIRABIN, a river of Africa, which
rifes in Mount Atlas, feparates the king-
dom of Morocco from that of Fez, and
entering the Atlantic, forms a capacious
bay on the E fide of Azamor.
ONANDAGO, a lake, and river, in the
ftate of New York. ‘The river flows w
from the lake till it meets the Seneca,
when its courfe turns N, to Oiwego,
where it enters Lake Ontario. It is
boatable from its mouth to the head of
the lake, except one fall which caufes a
portage of 20 yards. See ONEIDA.
ONANO, a town of Italy, in the pa-
trimony of St. Peter, feated between Ac-
cuapendente and Petigliano, five miles
from each.
One, a cape of Barbary, in Africa,
near the mouth of the river Mulvia.
ONEEHEOW, one of the Sandwich
Iflands, in the N Pacific Ocean, five
leagues w of Atooi. Its eaftern coat
is high, and rifes abruptly from the fea,
but the other parts confift of low ground,
except around bluff head on the SE point.
It produces plenty of yams, and of the
fweet root called tee. Lon.161 ow,
lat.an SON.
ONBGA, a river and lake of Ruffia, in
OOD
the government of Olonetz. It is 100
miles long and 40 broad, and has a com-
munication with lake Ladoga, and con-
fequently with Peterburg. The viver
gives its name to a country, full of woods,
and falls into the White Sea.
ONEGLIA, a principality of Italy, fur.
rounded by the territory of Cenoa, but
fubject to the king ot Sardinia. It
abounds in olive-trees, fruits,’ and wine.
ONEGLIA, a feaport of Italy, in a
principality of the fame name. Sardinia,
as well as the province, abounds in
olive-trees, fruits, and wine. It has
been often taken, being an open place;
the jaft time by. the French, in 1794. It
is, feated on.a frnall river, 30 miles sz of
Cogni, and 50 w by s of Genoa. Lon.
7 $1 Ey lat.43 58N.
OneEipa, or ONONDAGO, a lake of N
America, in the ftate of New York. It
is 20° miles w of Fort Stanwix, and ex-
tends weftward about 25 miles, where its
eutlet, the Onondago River, runs into
Lake Ontario, at Oiwego. At the B ex-
tremity of the lake is Wood Creek, on
the banks of which live a tribe of Indians,
called Oneidas; and the Onzandagos,
another tribe, occupy the country s of
the lake and river.
Oncar, or CHIPPING ONGAR, a town
in Effex, with a market on Saturday, 12
miles w of Chelmsford, and 21 ENE of
London. Lon.o 16£, lat.51 43N.
ONGcOLE, a town of Hindoottan, in the
Carnatic, feated on a river, not far trom
its “ntrance into the bay of Bengal, 829
mile. sw of Calcutta. Lon. 80 58, lat.
15 30N.
Onorg, a feaport of Canara, on the
coaft of Malabar, 398 miles s by & af
Bombay. Lon. 74 458, lat. 14 20N.
Onovrn, a town of Hungary, 50 miles
NE of Buda. Lon. 19 22 &, lat. 48
10N,
Onrust, a {mall ifland, at the mouth
of the harbour of Batavia, where the
Dutch build and careen their fhips.
ONTARIO, a lake of N America, fituate
between 71 and 74° w lon. and 41 and
45° N lat. On its sw part it receives
the waters of Lake Erie (by means of the
river Niagara) and near the sz the Onon-
dago River; and on the Nz its waters enter
the river Iroquois. It is 600 miles in
cycumference, and abounds with fith of
an excellent flavour, among which are
the Ofwego bafs, weighing three or four
pounds.
OODOOANULLAH,; a town of Hindoof-
tan Proper, in Bengal, feated on the w
bank of the Ganges, at the foot of a chain
9
OOS
of hills. The fituation is efteemed un-
healthy, on account of the foreits in its
vicinity. It was the feat of the govern-
ment of Bengal, under fultan Sujah, till
he fell in the conteft for empire with his
brother Aurungzebe. The numberlets
ruins here, and in the neighbourhood,
afford a proof of his magnilicence; and
there ti remains a part of the palace,
which, in his time, was nearly deitroyed
by fire. Here is an elegant bridge over
the Ganges, built by the fame prince,
famous tor the vidtory gained over Meer
Coffim, in 1764, by major Adams.
Oodooanullah is 82 miles N by w of Moor-
fhedabad. Lon. 87 558, lat.24 58N.
OONALASHKA, One of the'iflands of
the Northern Archipelago, vilitedt by cap-
tain Cvok in his laft voyage. ‘The natives
appeared to be very peaceable, having
been much polifhed by the Ruffians, who
now keep them ina ftate of {ubjedtion.
As the ifland furnifhes them with fub-
fiftence, fo it does, in fome meafure, with
clothing, which is chiefly compofed: of
fkins. The upper garment, which is
made like a waggoner’s frock, reaches
down to the knees. Befide this, they
wear a waiftcoat or two, a pair of bréeches,
a fur cap, and a pair of boots, the legs of
which are formeP of fome kind of {trong
gut; but the foles and upper leather are
of Ruffia leather.:: Fith and other fea anis
mals, birds, roots, berries, arid even feas
weed, compofe their food. They dry
quantities of fifi during the fummer,
which they lay up in finall huts for their
wie in winter. ‘They did not appear to
be very defirous of iron, nor to want any
other‘ inftrument except fewing needles,
their own being formed of bone. ‘With
thefe they few their canoes, and make
their clothes, and alfo work very curious
embroidery. They wile, initead of thread,
the fibres of plants, which they fplit to
the thicknefs required. All fewing is
performed by the females, who are fhoe-
makers, tailors, and boat-builders. They
manufacture mats, and bafkets of grai{s,
which are both ftrong and- beautiful.
There is, indeed, a neatneis and-pertection
in moft of their works, that fhows they
are deficient neither in ingenuity nor per-
feverance. Lon. 165 ow, lat. 53 5N.
Ooroop and OosHESHEER. See Ku-
RILES. oar
OoSTBORCH, a townand fort of Dutch
Flanders, in the ifle of Cadfand, four
miles NE of Sluys. Lon. 3 29£, lat. 51
22N.
OoSTENBY, a town of Sweden, in the
ile of Ocland, 27 miles s of Borkiolm,
ORA
Oporto, or Porto, a flourifhing
feaport of Portugal, in the province ot
Entre-Douero-e-Minho, with a bifhop's
fee. It is by nature almoft impregnable ;
and is noted for its {trong wines, of which
large quantities are exported to England ;
whence all red wines from Spain or Por.
tugal are called Port wines. It is feared
on the declivity of a mountain, near the
river Douero, which forms an excellent
harbour, and is 147 miles N by & of
Lifbon, Los. $ 21 w, lat. 41 10 N,
OpPELEN, a ftrong town of Silefia,
capital of a duchy of the fame name, with
a caftle. The chief tribunal of juftice,
and the firft confiltory of Silefia,. were
fettled here in 1742. It is feated on the
Oder, in a pleafant plain, 35 miles sz of
Breflaw, and 40 N of Troppaw. Lon,
17 50E, lat. 50 41N.
OPPENHEIM, a town of Germany, in
the palatinate ci the Rhine, capital of a
bailiwic of the fame name. It is feated
on the declivity of a hill, near the Rhine,
eight miles s of Mentz, and 12 N of
Worms. Lon. 8 208, lat. 49 43N.
OPppripo,-an epifcopal town ot Naples,
in Calabria Ulteriore, feated at the foot
of the Appennines, 25 miles NE of Reg-
gio. - Lon. 16 21, lat. 38 19N.
ORACH, ‘a town of Turkey in Europe,
in Bofnia,‘near the river Drino, 60 miles
sw of Belgrade.
OraN,:a ftrong and important feaport
in the kingdom of Algiers, and province
of Tremefen, with feveral forts, and. an
excellent harbour. It is feated partly on
the fide of a hill, and partly in a plain,
almoft oppofite Carthayena, in Spain. It
ww taken by the Spaniards in 1509, and
retaken in 1708. In 1732, the Spaniards
became matters of it again, and have kept
it ever fince. In £790, it was deftroyed
by an earthquake, nothing but the ex-
terior walls being left ftanding ; and 2000
perfons perifhed. The bey of Mafcara
took advantage of the diftreffed ftate of
the garrifon, to attack it with a confide-
rable force, but was compelled to retire,
after three obitinate attacks. It is rag
miles w by s of Algiers. Lon.o 8w,
lat. 36.2N.
' ORANGE, an ancient city of France,
in the department of Drome and late pro-
vince of Dauphiny. It was an important
place in the time of the Romans. A tri-
umphal arch, 200 paces trom the town,
was formerly within its limits ;:and here
are alfo the remains of a fine amphitheatre,
dome aqueducts, &c. which efcaped the
fury of the Goths and Sarocens. ‘Ther
tifications were demolishe.« bv Lewigixavs
in pode
cipality of
pe izb
magne, i
as a rew
Pofleffed
Baux and
on that of
Wilhliim
dying ‘in
of Pruffia
his heir.
the war
changed it
king or Pr
but fubjest
of Naffau
had nanied
was an epi
lution. | Id
the river
non, ard 5
49 ky lat.
ORATA
one of the
of the con
lat. 28 23
ORBALS
tween Turi
lat. 4.5 2N.
ORBE; 2
in the Pays
wic of Ech
is divided be
Friburg. 1]
boldnefs ‘of
jeting over
of all trav
Friburg, ar
43E, lat. 4
ORBITE!
cany, in the
forts, and
miles s by
rence. Lo
ORBRE,
in the Ceve
into the gu
that town.
ORCADE
iflands to t!
they. are {
They are |
greatly: exce
like the pri
nified with
it is alfo fr
MAINLAN!
NE, are fee!
ORG
4n 1683, Orange is the capital of a prin-
cipality of the fame name, 17 miles long
and 12 broad. It was given by Charle-
magne, in 793, to William au Cornet,
as a reward for his militury fervices.
Poflefled fucceffively by the houfes of
Baux and Chalons, it devolved, in 1531,
on that of Naflau; and was poffefled by
Willitm' 1, king of England, who
dying in 1702, Frederic-William, king
of Pruffia, claimed this principality as
his heir. Lewis x1v had feized it during
the war with king William. He ex-
changed it, however, in 1713, with the
king or Pruffia, for the town of Gytldres ;
but fabjeét to a compenfation to the prince
of Naflau-Dietz, whom ‘king William
had nanied his heir. The city of Orange
was an epiferpal-fee beiore the late revo.
lution. ' It is feated in a fine plain, on
the river Aigues, 12 miles nN of Avig-
non, arid 50'NE of Montpellier. Lon. 4
ky lat. 4 9 N.
ORATAVIA, the capital of Teneriff,
one of the Canary Iflands, 150 miles w
of the contt‘of Africa. Lon. 16 20w,
lat. 28 23N.
ORBALSAN, a town of Piedmonr, be-
tween Turin and Pignerol. Lon.7 308,
lat.45 2N. ° :
Orbe, an ancient town of Swifftrland,
inthe Pays de Vaud, capital of the bai!:-
wic of Echallens, the fover¢ignty of \ hich
is divided between the cantons of Bern and
Friburg. Its romantic ‘fituation, and the
boldnefs ‘of its fingle-arched ‘bridge pro-
jeting over the Orbe, ‘aresthe admiration
of all travellers. It ‘is'24 miles‘'w of
Friburg, and 40 w by 8 of Bern. Lon. 6
438, lat.46'4gN. + ° WARD
' ORBITELLO, a ftrong feaport of Tuf-
cany, in the Siennefe, defended’ by feveral
forts, and feated near the Albegna, 53
miles s by w of Sienne, ‘and $5 s of Flo-
rence. Lon.‘11 10F, lat. 42 18N.
ORBRE, a‘river of France, which rifes
in the Cevennes, water's Beziers, and falls
into the gulf of Lyons, five miles below
that town. ° rosea
ORCADES, or ORKNEYS, 4 clufter of
iflands to the N of Scotland, from which
they are feparated ‘by Pentland Frith.
They are 26 in number, of which one
greatly: exceeds the otherinextent. This,
like the principal one of Shetland,’ is dig-
nified with the appellation of Mainland:
it is.alfo frequently called Pomona.’ See
MAINLAND. Beyond this ifland, to the
NE, are feen, among others, Rowlay and
Weftra, Snappinfha and Edda, Stronfa,
Sanda,.and N Ronalfha; and to the s
ie Hoy, and S Ronaltha, with others
ORE
of inferior note. The currents and tides
which flow between thefe iflands are ex-
tremely rapid and dangerous; and, near
the {mall safle of Swinna are two whirl-
pools, that have been known to fhatch in
oats and light veffels, which were in-
ftantly fwalldwed up. Springs of pure
water are found in all the mountainous
parts of thefe iflands; and there are nu-
merous lakes and rivulets abounding in
fih. The heath, on thefe mountains,
thelters groule, plovers, fnipes, &c. but
here are neither partridges, hares, nor
foxes. There are numbers of theep and
fall black-cattle. The: produéts of the
vallies and plains are big and oats, but
no other fort of grain. In general, the
air is moift; and they are often vifited
by dreadful ftorms of wind, rain, and
thunder. For about three weeks in mid.
fummer, they enjoy the fight of the fun,
almoft without intermiffion: but, for the
fame fpace in winter, that luminary hardly
rifes above the horizon, and is commonly
o cured by clouds and mifts. In this
gloomy featon, the abience of day is fup-
plied partly by moonlight, and partly by
the radiance of the Aurora Borealis. See
SHETLAND. ‘The chief exports are linen
and woollen yarn, ftockings, butter, dried
‘th, herrings, oil, feathers and fkins of
various kinds, and kelp. The Englifa
language prevails in all thefe iflands, al-
though there are many words in the
Norte, or Norwegian, ftill in ufe. The
churches are puimerous; but the office of
a minifter ts truly laborious, the parochial
duty being often extended to feveral di.tant
iflands,
ORCHIES, an ancient town of France,
in the department of the North and late
province of French Flanders, 14 miles ‘sz
of Lifle. Lon. 3258, lat. 50 28N.
ORCHILLA, anifland of the Caribbean
Séa, 80 miles Nn of the coaft of Terra
Firma, and 160 & by s of Curagao.
Lon.65 20 w, lat.12 oN.
ORDUNNA, a feaport of Spain, in Bif-
cay, feated in a valley, furrounded by
high mountains, 20 miles sw of Bilboa.
Lon. 3 26 w, lat. 43 11.
OREBRO, a town of Sweden Proper,
capital-of the province cf Nericia, feated
near the w extremity of the lake Hielmar,
In the iniddle of the town, on a fmall
ifland formed’ by two branches of the
Swart, ftands the caitle, formerly a royal
refidence. Here are manufaétures of fire-
arms, cloth, and tapeltry; and it has a
confiderable trade with Stockholm, acrots
the lakes Hielmar and Macler, by means
of the canal of Arboga; fending iron,
Nee i peti aia eaten naa
ORG
vitriol, and red paint, in particular, to
_that capital, Orebio is 95 miles sw of
Stockholm. Lon.15 12 £, lat. §9 12 N.
~ OREGRUND, a feaport of Sweden, on
the coaft of Upland, in the gulf of Both-
nia, oppofite the fmall ifland of Ginjon,
Go miles N of Stockholm. Lon.18 152,
lat. 60 20N.
OrEL, a government of Ruifia, once a
province os the government of Bielgorod.
Its capital, of the fame, is feated en the
Occa and Orel, 207 miles ssw of Moi-
cow. Lon. 35 208, lat. 53 oN.
ORELLANA. See AMAZON. me
ORENBURGH, one of the two pro-
vinces of the government of Ufa, in Ru!-
fia. Its capital, of the fame name, is
feated on the Ural, formerly called the
YVaik, 480 miles ne of Aftracan. Lon.
55 OB, lat. 51 46N.
ORENSE, an ancient town of Spain, in
Galicia, with a bifhop’s fee, and famous
for its hot baths. It is feated at the foot
of a mountain, on the river Minho, over
which is a bridge ef one arch, 47 miles
SE of Compoftella. Lon. 7 36 w, lat. 42
39.N.
“Oaks; a confiderable town of Afia, in
Diarbeck. It formerly belonged to Per-
fia, but is now in the Turkith dominions,
and has a good trade, particularly in car-
pets of feveral forts,. fome of which are
made there. It has a ftately caftle ona
hill, and is feated on the Euphrates, €3
miles NE of Aleppo, and 100 Sw of Diar-
bekar. Lon. 38 208, Hats 96 5ON.
ORFORD,, a feaport and borough in
Suffolk, with a market on Monday. It
is faid to have had twelve churches, but
now only one, whofe fteeple is a feamark ;
and near it are the ruins of an old caftle,
a priory, and St. George's chapel. It is
governed by a mayor, fends two members
to parliament, and is feated on the Ger-
man Ocean, between two channels, 18
miles E by N.of Ipfwich, and 88 NE of
London. Lon.» 408, lat..g2 11N.
ORGANFORD, a village, near Poole, in
Dorfetfhire, remarkable for the prodigi-
ous quantity of pennyroyal, here called
organ, produced in the neighbourhood.
ORGaz, a town of Spain, in New Caf-
tile, with a caftle, 15 miles s of Toledo.
Lon. 3 22 w, lat. 39 36N.
ORGELET, a town of France, in the
department of Jura and late province of
Franche-Comté, feated at the fource -of
the Valoufe, 30 miles N by E of Bourg.
Lon. 5 39 8, lat.46 36N.
’ ORarva, a town of Spain, in the pro-
vince of Granada, 25 miles s of Granada,
Lon. 3 50 W, lat. 76 43N.
ORL
Orta, a decayed town of Naples, in
Terra d’Otranto, with a citadel, and a
bifhop’s fee. It is feated at the foot of
the Appennines, 40 miles Nw of Otranto.
Lon. 17 48 8, lat. 40 39N.
Or1ENT, or PorT L°ORIENT, a re-
gular and handfome town of France, in
the department of Morbihan and late
province of Bretagne, built in 1720, by
the French E India Company, who made
it the exclufive mart of their commerce.
The harbour, which is defended by a ci-
tadel, oppofite Port Louis at the bottom
of the fame bay, can contain but a {mall
number of men.of war. The Englifh at.
tempted to become mafters of it in 1746,
but mifcarried. It is five miles sw of
Hennebon. Lon. 3 20.w, lat.47 46N,
ORIGVELA, a town of Spain, in Va.
lenciay with a bifhop's fee, a univerfity,
and a citadel. built on a rock. | It is
feated on the Segura, 33 miles N of Car-
thagena, Lon.1 3 w, lat. 38 10N.
Or10, a town of Spain, in Guipufcoa,
at the mouth of the Orio, eight miles sw
of St. Sebaftian. Lon.2 19 Wy lat. 43
23N.
Orissa, a province of the peainfula of
Hindooftan, bounded on the N by Bahar
and Bengal, on the w by Berar, on the
s By Golconda, and on the £ by the bay
of Bengal. ‘The dittri& of Midniapour;
in this province, is fubje&t-to the Englith
E India Company; but all the reft be-
longs to the Berar ‘Mshrattas.
ORISTAGNI, an rncient town of Sar-
dinia, with a good harbour and an arch-
bifhop’s fee. It is large, and well forti-
fied, but thinly inhabited, on account of
the unhealthy air. It is feated on the w
coaft,.on a bay. of the fame name, 43
miles nw. of Cagliari. Lon. 8 51:8, lat,
40 2N,
ORKNEY IsLanps. See ORCADES.
ORLAMUND, a town.of Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, belonging to the duke of
Saxe-Gotha. It is feated on the Sala,
oppotite the mouth of the Orla, 50 miles
sw of Leipfick. Lon. 11 24.8, lat. 50
53 .N- Ut
ORLANDO, a cape on the N coaft of
Sicily, 15 miles w by N of Patti. Lon.
15 48, lat. 38.14,
ORLEANOIS; a late province of France,
now forming the department of Loiret.
It is divided by the river Loire into the
Upper and Lower, and isa very plentitul
country.
ORLEANS, an ancient city of France,
capital of the department of Loiret and
late province of Orleanois, with. an epil-
copal fee. It is feated on thei
the form
contain
Clovis,
It ftood a
the Eng
celebrated
of Orlea
{pacious
fauxbourg
length.
bramy, q
fugar, W
and Roch
both knit
able artic
fuburb of
Loire, h
city by a t
one 100
foreft, co’
with oak 4
leans is 3
ssw of Pa
ORLEAI
the river
croffes the
Loing, neg
Nemours,
finifhed in
courfe, wh
tent.
ORLEAN
America, <
Lon. 69 50
ORLEAN
capital of I
gency of th
feven eight!
by fire. It
Miffiffippi,
Lon. 89 53
ORMONI
county of 1]
ORMSKI
a market or
cafter, and
33W, lat.
ORMUS,
ftrait of the
of the gulf
Gombroon.
Portuguefe,
afterward fi
meichants.
the affiftanc
this place,
which were
40,000 inha
Perfians rel
they could 1
trade as bef
Perf
ORM ORT:
the form of an oval, ahd is fuppofed to dioufhefs of the harvour. It-is almoft
contain 40,000-fouls. .Under the fons of deferted: for it produces nothing but
Clovis, it was the capital of a kingdom. {alt, which fometimes is two inches deep.
It ftood a memorable fiege in 1428, againft upon the furface of the earth. Lon. 56
the Englifh, which was railed by the 258, lat.27 20N.
celebrated Joan of Arc, called the Maid | ORNANS, a town of France, in the
of Orleans. The ftreets of Orleans are department of Doubs and late province of.
fpacious and pleafant, and that of the Franche-Comté. In its vicinity is a well,
fauxbourg of Paris is of a prodigious which, during the time of great rains,
length. Sts commerce confifts in wine, overflows in fuch a manner as to inundate
brandy, corn, grocery, and pecans the adjacent country; and the fithes that
fugar, which is brought raw from Nantes it difgorges are called umbres.. Ornans
and Rochelle. Sheep-fkins, and ftockings, is feated on the Louve, eight miles se of
both knit and woven, form alfoaconfider- Befancon.
able article of trade. The fauxbourg or | ORNE, a department of France, inclu«
fuburb of Olivet, on the left fide of the ding the late province of Perche and part
Loire, has a communication with the of that of Normandy. It takes its name
city by a bridge of nine arches, the centre froma river, which falls into the Englith
one 100 feet wide. Near the city is a Channel, eight miles below Caen. ‘The
foreft, containing 100,000 acres, planted capital is Alenyon.
with oak and other valuable trees. Or- RONOKO, a river of S Americas
leans is 30 miles NE of Blois, and 60 which rifes in Popayan, and, after a
ssw of Paris. Lon.1 59£, lat.47 54.N. courie of 755 leagues, enters the Atlantic
ORLEANS, CANAL OF, commences at Ocean, in 9° N lat. where its impetuofity
the river Loire, five miles above Orleans, is fo great, that it ftems the molt power-
croffes the foreft of Orleans,, joins. the ful tides, and preferves the frethnefe of
Loing, near Montargis, and pailing by its waters to the diftance of 1a leagues
Nemours, falls into the Seine. It was out at fea. 4 :
finithed in 1682, and has 30 locks in its ORONSA, a {mall fertile ifland of Scot-
courfe, which is above 50 miles in ex. land, one of the Hebrides, feven miles w
tent. of Jura. Here are the ruins of an abbey,
ORLEANS; an ifland and town of N with many fepulchral ftatues, and fome
America, a little to the £ of Quebeck. curious ancient {culpture.
Lon. 69 50 W, lat. 47 ON.: > OROPESA, a town of Spain, in New
ORLEANS, New, wee of N America, Caftile, 22 miles # of Placentia, and
capital of Leuifiana, built during the re- 50 W of Toledo. Lon. 4 36 w, lat. 39
gency of the duke of Orleans. In 1788, 50N.
feven eighths of this city were deftroyed . OROPESA, a town of Peru, feated at
by fire. It is feated on the & fide of the the foot of the moufftains, 150 miles Nw
Miffiffippi, 105 miles from its mouth. of Potofi. Lon.63 30w, lat.18 0s.
Lon. 89 53 W, lat. 30 2N. OrR, a river in Kirkeudbrighthhire,
Ormonp, the northern divifion of the which rifes near New Galloway, waters
county of Tipperary, in Ireland. the town of Orr, and enters the Solway
ORMSKIRK, a town in Lancafhire, with Frith.
a market on Tuefday, 30 miles s of Lan- _ Orsova, a town of Upper Hungary,
cafter, and 206 NNW of London. Lon. in the bannat of Temefwar, feated on the
34W, lat. 53 37. N. N fide of the Danube, almoft oppofite
OrMus, a {mall ifland of Afia, ina Belgrade. It is fubjeét to the ‘T'urks,
{trait of the fame name,.at the entrance Lon.22 08, lat.45 30N.
of the gulf of Perfia, nine tiles s of | Oxsoy, a town of the circle of Wefts
Gombroon. It was taken, in1507, bythe phalia, in the duchy of Cleves, taken, in
Portuguefe, who fortified it ; amd it was 1672, by the French, who demolithed the
afterward frequented by a number of rich fortifications. It is 20 miles sE of Clevees
merchants. ' In 1622, the Perfiansy by Lon.6 438, lat. 51 28N.
the affiftance of the Englith, conquered OrTA, a town of Italy, in the patria
this place, and demolifhed the houfes, mony of St. Peter, with a bithop’s fee,
which were. 4000 in number, containing It is feated on the Tiber, 10 miles & of
40,000 inhabitants. Some timeafter, the Viterbo, and 30 N of Reme. Lon.z2
Perfians rebuilt the fort; and though 37, lat. 42 22N.
they could never bring it to be a place of | ORTEGAL, a cape and caftle on the N
trade as before, it is ftill the key of the coaft of Galicia, in Spain, 30 miles nue
, xerfia,. on account of the commo- of Ferrel, Lon.7 39 wy lat. 43 46 Ne
Ff
cea
Bln are eee ae
Saal cp tena ia.
SS gh a he
LIE, BREA BP MI 8 A Soaucs csr EE RE.
OSM OST
ORTENBURG, a tw of Auftria, and is feated on the Douero, 80 miles x
feated on the s bank of the Drave, op- by £ of Madrid. Lon. 2 12 w, lat. 41
pofite its corifluence with the Lifer. Lon. jon. | -
* py 48-8, lat. 48 52 w. Osnasurc, a bifhopric of Germany,
OrTHEZ, 2 town of France, in the de- in the circle of Weftphalia, 40 miles long
partnient .6f the Lower Pyrenees and late and 30 broad. It is remarkable that this
province of Bearn; feated on the declivity bithopric is poffeffed by the papifts and
of: ail; ‘on the river Gave de Pau, 17. proteftants alternately, according to the
miles ‘sw-of Pau. Lon.o 24:w, lat.43 treaty. of Weftphalia. The proteftant
gN.” bifhop is always chofen by the houle of
“-ORTON, a town in Weftmorland, with Bruniwick Lunenburg, and the catholic
a ‘market on-Wednefday, 12 miles sw by the papifts. The prefent bithop is
6f Appleby, and 271 nNw of London. Frederic duke of York, fecond fon of the
Lon. 2 40 W, lat. 54 28N. king of Great Britain.. The in{pection
-Or'Tza, a town of Lithuania, in the and adminiftration of ecclefiaftical affairs,
palatinate of Witepfk, with a caftle. It however, belong to the elector of Cologne,
feifeated at the confluence of the Orefa as metropolitan.
atid: Dnieper, 50 miles w of Smolenfko, | OsNABURG, a city of Germany, ca-
Lon. 31 5-E£, lat. 94:45 N. ' pital of a bifhopric of the fame name,
ORVIETO, a town of Italy, capital of with a univerfity, and a caftle. It is re-
a'territory of the fame name,'in the pa- markable for a treaty of peace, concluded
trimony of St. Peter, with a bithop’s between Germany and Sweden, in 1648,
fee, and a magnificent jpalace. In this in favour of the proteftant religion. The
filace is.a deep well, into which mules proteftants..have two of the churches.
defcend, by-one pair of ftairs, to fetch up The beer of this place is highly efteemed
@ater, and <afcend by another. It is in Germany. It ts feated on the Haze,
feated-on & craggy rock, near the conflu- 35 miles NE of Munfter, and 75. w of
ence of the rivers Paglia and China, 20 Hanover. Lon.8 208, lat. 52.24.N.
miles ww of" Viterbo, and ga’ byw of © (Osnaswra, aniifland.in the S Pacific
Rome. Ton. 12 208, ‘lat. 42.42N. Ocean, difcovered and named by captain
ORWELL, (a river in Suffolk, which Wallis, in 1767. It is called Miatea
runs sEby.Ipfwich, and uniting with the by the natives. Lon. 147 30 Wy lat. 17
Stour, forms the fine-harbour.of Har- 51°s. \
wich. Albove Ipfwich, it is called the OsoRNO, a town of Chili, feated.on
Gipping. : Rio-Bueno, in a territory where there
_ Osaca, w large town of the ifland of are mines of gold, 80 miles s of Baldi-
Niphon, in Japan, with a magnificent via. Lon. 73 20w, lat. qo 58s.
caftle. ‘It“has a-harbour, and is one of | Ossetia, the country of the Osst, or
the moft commercial places ‘of’ Japan. Ossett, one of the feven Caucafian na-
The hors of the night are proclaimed tions, between the Blac': Sea and the Cat-
by the found of different inftruments of pian; bounded-on the N by Great Ca-
mufic. Lon. 133455, fat. 35 20N. tarda, ‘on the BE by the Lefguis Tartars,
~ ‘OsERo, or Osoro, an ifland in the and on.the s and w by Imeritia. It
gulf of Venice, belonging to the Vene- contains 19 diftri&ts, of which one is fub- :
tians, ‘having that of ‘Cherfo to the N, to ject to Imeritia, and the others to Georgia.
avhich it is joined:by a bridge. The ca- Théte diftri€ts are of very unequal fize;
pital is of the fame name, witha bifhop’s fome containing only five, and others 50
fee. Lon, 15 30:8, lat.45 ON. villages, each of which comprifes from 20
Osky, an ifland in Blackwater Bay, to100 families. ‘Their language has fome
siear Malden, in Effex. It is covered . analogy with that.of the Perfian. Their
mith wild fowl, at certain feafons; and hiftory is.intirely unknown. The Cir-
here the coal fhips tor Malden unload their caffians and Tartars callthem Kutha.
cargoes. Ossory, the wefterndivifion of Queen's
OsiMo,.an ancient town of Italy, in County, in Ireland.
the marguifate of Ancona, with a riche -Ossuna, an ancient and confiderable
bifhop’s fee, and a magnificent epifcopal town of Spain, in Andalufia, with a uni-
‘palace. Iris feated on the Mufone, 10 -verfity, 40 miles £ of Seville. Lon. 4 31
miles sof Ancona, aud 110 NE of Rome. w, lat. 37 24.N. te
Lon. 13 346, lat. 43 29 Ne OSTAG10, a town of Italy, in the ter-
* Osma, an-ancient town of Spain, in ritory of Genoa, 15 miles ww of Genoa.
Old Caftile, with a bifhop’s fee, ahd a Lon. 8 318, lat.44.36N..
univerity. It iv almof- gone to ruin, OsTaLaic, a town of Spaimy-i
‘ 6 : a
1 a
Jonia. oy
the Frene
is feated
Barcelona
OSTEN
trian FA
it fultaine
July 5»
when it
pitulation.
of Spain,
in 1706, 4g
was retake
taken by
ftored in 1
French ga
preis-quee
war, as a!
mart for t
mented bot
In 1792, @
tend, whic
repoflefled
among a
moft furro
them, into
may enter
w of Brug
60 Nwiaf
14. N.
OsTIA, »
feaport. of
feared at.th
bifhop’s fee
It is 120.0
24. EB, lat.
OSTIGLI
duchy of A
miles E of
45 7 Ne
OstTROG
Gothland, i
OsSTUNYI,
-d Otranto,
feated on a
Venice, 16
24 NE of’
40 51 N.
OswaLD
betland, on
ham, by for
count of O
wall, a Brit
the firft on:
afterward {
the kingdot
OsweEco
ed on the §
mouth of a
miles wNW
lat 43 15 .N
Qswaic:
=
=
OS W
lonia. Vt hada ttrong caftle, taken by
the French, and.demolithed in 1695. It
is feated on the Tordera, 28 miles NE of
Barcelona. Lon. 2 55 &, lat. 41 418.
OsT£END, a fortified teaport of Aut-
trian Flanders; famous tor the long tiege
it futtained apainit the ai thoes trom
July 5, 2601, to September 22, 1604,
when it furrendered, by a honorable ca~-
pitulation. On the death of Charles 11,
of Spain, « © french feized Oftend ; but,
in 1706, aite. the battle of Ramillies, it
was retaken by the allies. It was again
taken by the French in 1745, but. re-
ftored in 1748. In the war of 1756, the
French garrifoned this town for the em-
preis-queen Maria Thereia. In the latt
war, as a neutral port, it became a great
mart for trade; and it was greatly aug-
mented doth in poplation and buildings.
In 1792, the French once more took Ot-
tend, which they evacuated in 1793, and
repoflefled in. 1794. Oftend ia feated
among a number of canals, and is al-
moft furrounded» by two of the largeft of
them, into.which fhips of great burden
may enter with the tide., It is: 10 miles
w of Bruges, .22 NE af Dunkirk, and
6o nwiof Bruffels. Lon, 3.1/8, lat. 51
14. N. Los
naive savonce celebrated but decayed
feaport.of Italy, in Compageadi Roma,
feated at.the mouth of the Fiber, witha
bifhop’s fee: the harbour is choaked up.
It is r2..miles sw of Rome. Lon. 12
24, E, lat. 41 44 N.
OsTIGLIA, ‘a town of Italy, in the
duchy of ‘Manta, feated on the Po, 15
miles E of Mantna. Lon, 11 8.8, dat.
45 7 Ne
OsrrocoTuHia, the eaftern part of
Gothland, in Sweden.
Ostuni, a town of Naples, in Terra
‘dOtranto, with a bifhop’s fee. It is
feated on a mountain, near. the. gulf of
Venice, 16 miles NW of Brindici, and
24 NE of Tarento. Lon. 17 59 £, lat.
40 51 N.
OswaLp, Sr. a village in Northum-
betland, on the Picts’ wall, N of Hex-
ham, by fome called Heavensfield, on ac-
count of Ofwald’s total defeat of Ced-
wall, a Britith ufurper, who was killed on
the firft onfet. Here Ofwald, who was
afterward fainted, fet up the firft crofs in
the kingdom of Northumberland.
Osweco, .a fort of N America, feat-
ed onthe s fide of Lake Ontario, at the
mouth of a river of the fame name, 156
miles wNw of Albany. Lon. 76 15 w,
lataz 15N. ;
QswsiczEN, a town of Poland, in the
re
m
z
‘George the Third’s Ifland.
OTA
palatinate of Cracovia. It has a great
trade in falt, and is. feated on the. Vif-
tula, 15 miles sw of Cracow. Lon. 19
44 E, lat. 50 ON.
OsWEsTRY, acorporate town in Shrop-
fhire, with a market on Wednefday,. te
-had a wall and a cattle, long ago demo-
lithed ;, and has {ome trade from Wales
in flannels. It is 18 miles Nw of Shrewf..
bury and 174 of London. ‘Lon. 334 w,
lat. 52 52 N. ty
OsyTH, St. a village in Effex, nin
miles se of Colchefter. Here are the re-
-mains of an ancient monattery, now. the
feat of the earl of Rochford.
OTAHA, one of the Society Iflands, in
the S Pacific Ocean. It lies n of Ulitea ;
and is divided from it by a {trait, which,
in the narroweft part, is not more than
two miles broad. This ifland is {maller
and more barren than Ulitea, but has two
very good harbours.
OTAHEITEE, one of the Soeiety Iflands,
.inthe S Pacific Ocean, lying in 18° g Jat.
and. 150° w lon. and firft difcovered, in
1767, by captain Wallis, who called it
Captain
Cook came hither, in 1769, to obferve
the tranfit of Venus; failed round the
.whole ifland in a boat, and ftaid three
‘months: it was vifited twice afterward
by that celebrated navipztor. It confifts
ot two peninfulas, great part of which
is covered with woods, confiiting partly
of bread-fruit trees, palms, cocoa-nut
trees, plantains, bananas, mulberries, fu-
gar-canes, and others peculiar to the cli-
mate, particularly a kind of pineapple
and the dragon-tree. The birds moft
common are two forts of parroquets, one
of a beautiful fapphirine blue, another
_of a greenith colour, with a few red {pots 5
a king’s fifher, of a dar‘: green, witha
collar of the iame hue round his white
throat; a large cuckoo; ievera! forts'of
pigeons or doves; and a bluith heron,
The only quadrupeds found on the ifland
are hogs, dogs, and rats, which are fuf-
fered to run about at pleafure. The peo-
ple have mild features, and a pleafirig
countenance. They are about the ordi-
nary fize qt Europeans, of a pale maho-
gany brown, with fine black hair and
eyes, and wear a piece of cloth round
their middle, and another wrapped about-
the head, like a turban. The women
wear a. piece of cloth, with a hole in the
middle; through which they pa{s their
heads, fo that. one part of the garment
hangs down behind, and the other before,
to the knees; a fine white cloth, like
muflin, pafles over ey in various clegant
‘ &
|
OTR
turns round the bedy, a little below the
breaft, forming a kind of tunic, of which
one turn fometimes falls gracefully acrofs
the fhoulder. Both fexes are adorned, or
rather disfigured, by thofe black ttains,
occafioned puncturing the fkin, and
rubbing a black colour into the wounds.
Their houfes confit only of a roof, thatch-
ed with the long prickly leaves of the
palm-nut tree, and fupported by a few
pillars made of the bread-fruit tree. Asa
roof is fufficient to fhelter the natives
from rains and nightly dews, and as te
climate is one of the happieft in the
world, the houfes have feldom any walls,
but are open on all fides. Their cloth is
_made of the fibrous. bark of the mul-
berry tree, which is beaten with a kind
of mallet; and a glue, made of the hi-
biicus efculentu., ,is employed to make
the pieces‘of bark cohere. Some of thefe
pieces are two or three yards wide, and
_§0 yards long. Though the natives far
excel moft of the Americans in the know-
ledge and praétice’of the arts of inge-
nuity, yet they had not invented any me-
thod of boiling water; and having no
veffel that could bear the fire, they had
no more idea that water could be made
_ hot, than that it could be made folid.
Long nails on the fingers are a mark of
diftin&tion among them, as°among the
Chinefe; for they imply that fuch per-
fons only as have no occafion to work,
could fuffer them to grow to that length.
The two fexes here eat feparately, as in
many other countries. Their provifions
are chiefly fifth, pork, cocoa-nuts, bread-
sruit, sid bananas; and they employ fea-
water as a fauce both to fith and pork.
Nothing can excecd their agility in {wim-
ming, diving, and climbing trees, Mr.
Forfter is lavith in his praifes of the gen-
tlenefs, goodnature, and hofpitality of
this people; and alfo of the beauty, ele-
gance, and gracefulnefs of the air, fea-
tures, and perfons of many of them, ef-
pecially of the better fort. The hiftory
of Omai, a native of this ifland, who
was brought over to England, and car-
ried back by captain Cook, in his laft
voyage, is well known.
OTLEY, a town in the w riding of
Yorkfhire, with a market on Friday.
Tt is feated on the Wharf, under a high
craggy Cliff, 25 miles w of York, and
202 NNW of London. Lon. 1 48 w,
fat. 53. 54.N.
Orogug, an ifland of S America, in
the bsy of Panama., Lon. 81 10 w
lat. 7 50 N.
OtRanro, or TERRA p'OTRANTO,
ouD
a province of Naples, bounded on the x
b Terra-di-Bari and the gulf of Venice,
on the g by the fame gulf, and on the s
and w by a great bay, between that and
Bafilicata.. It is a mountainous country,
abounding in olives, figs, and wine. Here
is a kind of fpider, called a tarantula,
whole bite is venomous ; and the. country
is often vifited by locufts.
OTRANTO, a city of Naples, capital
of Terra d’Otranto, with a commodious
harbour, an archbifhop’s fee, and a cita-
del, where the archbifbop refides. It
was taken, in 1480, by the Turks, who
did a great deal of mi(chief, but it has
fince been reftored.. It has alfo fuffered
greatly by the Algerine pirates. It is
feated on the gulf of Venice, 37 miles
se of Brindici, and 60 se of Tarento.
Lon. 18 35 £, lat. 40 20 N.
OrricoLi, a town of Italy, in the
duchy of Spoletto, feated on a hill, two
miles from the Tiber, and 32 N of Rome.
Lon. 12°23 £, lat. 42 26 N.
Osco a narrow lake of N America,
in the ftate of New York. It is nine
miles long, and lies at the head of the
river Sufquehannah.
Ottsry, or OTTERY ST. Mary, a
town in Devonthire, with a market on
Tuefday.. It is feated on the fimall river
Otter, 10 miles £ of Exeter, and 162 w
by s of London. Lon. 5 18 W, lat. 50
44 .N.
OrTona, or ORTONA, an epifcopal
town of Naples, in Abruzzo Citeriore,
feated on the gulf of Venice, ro miles N
of Lanciano, and 43 £ of Aquileia.* Lon.
14 50 E, lat. 42 28.N.
Oupg, a province of Hindooftan Pro-
per, fubject to a nabob, whofe domi-
nions lie on both fides of the Ganges, oc-
cupying (with the exception of the dif-
triét of Rampour) all the flat country
between that river and the northern moun-
tains, as well as the principal part of that
fertile traét, lying between the Ganges
and Jumna; known by the name of Dooat,
to within 40 miles of the city of Delhi.
Oude and its dependencies are eftimated
at 360 miles in length from £ to w, and
in breadth from 150 to 180. The nabob
is in alliance with the Britifh ; and a
brigade of the Bengal army is conftantl
ftationed on his weiterr: frontier ; whic
anfwers the purpofe of covering Oude as
well as Bengal, and of keeping the wefs
tern ftates in awe; and, in confideration
of this, the nabob pays an annual fubfidy
of 420,000]. His capital is Lucknow.
Oupg, an ancient city of Hindooften
Proper, in ths province of Qude, the re
fae
mains of
nearly ad
have bee
pias it
eat ki
Prhritian
tioned in
doo work
Adjudiah
its former
are left.
janctity ;
coine hith
of India.
OUDEN
trian Fla
js a fort.
fine linen
towr was
but they
the duke «
routed the
fides the §
15 NE of J
Lon. 3 49
OuUDEN]
Flanders,
10 w of
9 N.
Oup1PO
OVERF
ted Provin
mouths of
principal to
OveRYS
bant, feated
Bruffels, an
4 308, lat
OvERYS
vinces, bow!
of Muntter.
Groningen,
on the s b
bifhopric of
three diftri€
Salland. 1]
this provin
in comparif
riches ¢onfi
here, and {
vinces, part
OUGEIN,
per, in the |
one of the:
is a place |
sw of Poo:
26 N.
Ovrepo,
Afturia ‘dC
and a univet
fluencé of tk
the Atta,”
OU L’
mains of which are feated on the Gogra,
nearly adjoining Fyzabad. It is faid to
have been the firft imperial city of Hin-
dooftan, and to have been the capital of a
reat kingdom, 1200 years before the
Chriftian era; and it is frequently men-
tioned in the Mahaberet, a Aviad Hin-
doo work in Sanfcrit, under the pame of
Adjudiah. But whatever may have been
its former magnificence, no traces of it
are left. It is confidered as a place of :
ianétity ; and the Hindoos frequently
cone hither, in pilgrimage, from all parts
of India.
OUDENARD, a ftrong town of Auf-
trian Flanders, in the middle of which
isa fort. Here is a manutacture of very
fine linen and of curious tapeftry. This
towr was befieged by “he French in 1708,
but they were obliged to raife the fiege by
the duke of Marlbosough, who intirel
routed their army. It is feated on bot
fides the Scheld, 12 miles s of Ghent,
15 NE of Tournay, and 27 w of Bruilels,
Lon. 3 49 E, lat. 50 51 N.
OUDENBURG, a town of Auftrian
Flanders, eight miles sz of Oftend, and
10 w of Bruges. Lon. 3 o£, lat. 51
N.
: Oup1PouR. See CHEITORE.
OVERFLACKEE, an ifland of the Uni-
ted Provinces, in Holland, between the
mouths of the Maefe. Melifand is the
principal town.
OVERYSCHE, a town of Auftrian Bra-
bant, feated on the Y{che, fix miles Nz of
Bruffels, and nine sw of Louvain. Lon.
4 308, lat. 50 53.N.
OVERYSSEL; one of the United Pro-
vinces, bounded on the £ by the bifhopric
of Munfter, on the .N by Friefland and
Groningen, on the w by the Yffel, and
on the s by the county of Zutphen and
bifhopric of Muntter. It is divided into
three diftriéts, called Drente, Twente, and
Salland. ‘There are many moraffes in
this province, and but few inhabitants,
in comparifon with the reft. Its greateft
riches ¢onfift in turf, which is*dug up
here, and fent to the neighbouring pro-
vinces, particularly Holland.
OUGEIN, a town of Hindooftan Pro-
per, in the province of Malwa, capital of
one of the Weltern Mahratta chiefs. It
is a place of great antiquity, 452 miles
sw of Poonah. Lon. 75 56 5, lat. 23
26N.
Ovrepo, a town of Spain, capital of
Afturia d’Oviedo, with a bifhop’s fee,
and a univerfitys: It is feated at the con-
fluencé of the’ Ove and Deva, which form
the Afté,” 50° miles? Nw: of - Leon. and
OW H
208 of Madrid.
25.N.
OULZ, a town of Piedmont, 12 miles
w of Sufa. Lon. 6 46 £, lat. 45 20 N.
OUNDLE, a town in Northampton-
fhire, with a market on Saturday. It is
feated on the Nen, over which are two
bridges, 26 miles nz of Northampton,
Lon. § 44 W, lat. 43
and 83.N by wof London. Lon.o 42 w,.
lat. 52 26 N.
OvreEM, a town of Portugal, in Ef-
tramadura, with a caftle, on a mountain,
between the rivers Leira and Tomar.
Lon. 7 40 Wy lat. 39 34.N.
OvuRIQUE, a town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, remarkable for a victory ob-
tained by Alphonfo, king of Portugal,
over five Moorith kings, in 1139. ‘Che
heads of thefe five kings are the arms of
Portugal. It is 32 miles se of Lifbon.
Lon. 8 49 w, lat. 38 26 N.
Ouss, a river in Yorkfhire, the pa-
rents of which are the Ure and Swale,
rifing near each other in the romantic
tract, called Richmondthire. Thele, after
collecting all:the rills from this moun-
tainous region, unite at Aldborough, and
thence take the name of Oule, which
now tormsa largeriver. It fle vs through
York, where it is navigable tor confider-
able veffels; and afterward receiving the
Wharf, Derwent, Aire, and Don, it falls
into the Humber.
Ousg, a river in Suffex, rifing from
two branches, one of which has its {pring
in St. Leonard’s Foreft; the other, in the
foreft of Worth; but they unite near
Lewes, and entering the Englith Chan-
nel, form the harbour of Newhaven.
Ouse, GREAT, a river, which rifes
in Northamptonthire, near Brackley, and
waters Buckingham, Stony Stratford,
Newport-Pagnel, Olney, and Bedford,
where it is mayigable. Thence it pro-
ceeds to St. Neots, Huntingdon, St. Ives,
Ely, and Ly:in, below which it enters
the Lincolnihire Wath.
Ousé, LirTLe, a river, which rifes
in the s part of Norfolk, and dividing
that county from Suffolk, as it flows
weftward, esting: navigable at Thet-
ford, and falls afterward into the Great
Oufe.
/OwERRA, or OVEIRO, a town and
territory of Guinea, in the kingdom of
Benin. The air is unwholefome, and
the foil dry and lean; but there are feve-
ral kinds of fruits, {uch as bananas and
cocoa-nuts. Lon; 6 of, lat.6 0N.
i OWHYHEBy the eafternmoft and largeft
of the Sandwich Iflands, in the N Paci-
fic Oceanvu iB from N to § is
P53 ;
OX F
28 leagties, and its breadth 24. It is di-
vided into fix diftriéts, two of which, on
the NE fide, are ieparated by a moun-
tain, that rifes in three peaks, perpetu-
ally covered with tnow, and may be seen
clearly at 40 leagues diftance. To
the N of th's mountain, the coaft con-
fits of high and abrupt cliffs, down
which fall many beautiful cafcades ; and
the whole country is covered with cocoa-
nut and bread-fruit trees. The peaks
of the mountain on the NE fide appear
to be about half a mile high. -To the
8 of this mountain, the coaft prefents a
profpecét of the moft dreary kind, the
whole country appearing to have under-
gone a total chanze, from the effects of
fome dreadtul convulfion. The ground
is.everywhere covered with cinders, and
interfeéted in many places with black
Streaks, which feem to mark the courfe
of a lava, tiat has flo-ved, not many ages
back, from.the mountain to the fhove.
The fouthern promontory looks like the
mere dregs of a volcano. The projecting
headland is compofed of broken and crag-
gy rocks piled irregularly on cne another,
and terminating in fharp points; yet, amid
thefe ruins, are many patches of rich ioil,
earefully laid out in plantations. ‘The
fields are inclofed by ftone fences, and
are interfperfed with groves of cocoa-nut
trees. There are fuppoied to be 150,000
inhabitants. Here captain Cook, in
3779, fell a viétim to the fury of the na-
tives, with whom he unfortunately had a
difpute. Lon. 156 ow, lat.19 28 N.
Oxrorp, the capital of Oxfordthire,
with a market on Wednefdlay and Satur-
day. It is a bifhop’s fee, and a univer-
fity, and, befide the cathedral, has 13 pa-
rifh churches. It is feated at the con-
fluence of the Thames and Cherwel, and,
_with the fuburbs, is of a circular form,
three miles in circumference. ‘The uni-
verfity is faid to have been founded by
the great Alfred, but is generally fup-
ofed to have been-a feminary of learning
efore his time, although it owed its re-
vival and confequence to his liberal \pa+
tronage, receiving from him grants of
many privileges and large revenues.
About the. middle of the twelfth ceutyry,
tea leftures on the civil war were read
ere, not more than ten years’ after a
copy of Juftinian’s Inftitutes had. been
found in Italy... Here are 20 colleges,
and five halls, feveral .of which stand in
the ftreets,.and give she.city an:air of
iffcence,. « The'colleges are provided
with fafficient reventith :fotv the: ‘mainte-
sance of 4 mafter; feltdwes!and ftudents,
%
OX EB
In the halis, the ftudents live, either
wholly, or in part, 2t their own expence,
The colleges are, Univerfity, Baliol, Mer-
ton, Exeters Oriel, Queen’s, New, Lin-
coln, Ali Souls, Magdalen, Brazen Note,
Corpus Chrifti, Chrift Church, ‘Trinity,
St. John Baptilt’s, Jelus, Wadham, Pem-
brokey: Worcelters and Hertford. Of
thefe, the moft ancient ts Univerfity Col-
lege, founded before the year 272; and
to Chrift Church College, begin by car-
dinal Woltey, and finifhed by Henry vin,
belongs the cathedral. The halls are
Alban, Edmund, St. Mary's, New Inn,
and St. Mary Magdalen. Among the li.
braries in the univerfitys the mot diftin.
guifhed, is the Bodleian, founded by fir
Thomas Bodley; thofe of All Souls Col- —
leges Chritt Church, Queen’s, New, St.
John’s, Exeter, and Corpus Chritti,
Among other publicobnildings, are the
Theatre, the Afhmolean Mufeum, the Cla-
rendon Printing-houies the. Radcliff In.
firrnary, and an Obfervatory. Magdalen
Bridge, befide the beauty of its architec-
ture, has this fingularity, that-more than
half of it is on dry ground, and the reft
covers two finall firipes of the Cherwel ;
this bridge is 526 feet long. At Oxford,
king Jchr, compelled by his barons, fum-
monéd a patlament to meet, in 1258;
the proceedings of which were fo difor-
derly, thaf it was known afterward by the
name of the Mad Parliament. Charles 1
aflembled a parliament here, in 1625, in
confequence of the plague then raging in
London; and, m1644, he fummoned fuch
ot the members of both noufes as were
devoted to his interefts: thefe were {e-
ceders from the parliament then fitting at
Weftminfter.. This city was diftinguifhed
for its attachmen¢ to that unfortunate king,
who here held his court during the whole
civil war. Oxford is governed by 4
mayor, dependent on the chancellor and
vicechancellor .of the univerfity ;- and
fends four members to parliament, two
for the wniverfity and two for the city,
It is, 2oemiles sw of Buckingham, and
58 webby Nn of London. Len. 1 10 w,
lat. 51 45 .N.
OXFORDSHIRE, a county of England,
bounded on the £ by, Buckinghambhire,
on. the w. by Gloucefterthite,-.on the s
by Berkfhire; and on the N by Warwick-
fhire and Northamptonfhire... Its extreme
length is 48 miles; its greateft breadth
26. It.contains r4 hundreds, one city,
12 market-townsy and 280 parifhes;. ard
fends. nine members to pagliament., . The
air.is mild and-healthy;,the doil, though
various, fertile.in corh, and .grafee, The
s part.
borders
woody,
Chiltern
NW part
middle
watered
trom N
Thames
are the
and Ta
confider.
importa
give nat
ducts of
common
Its hills
earths, u
and malt
Thames,
is made
greatett
tuel; for
abounde
is necefla
coal, bro
navigatio
of the T
by the ca
Gay, and
to Brenti
inconveni
Ozwit
feated on
built of \
on one fid
other def
are of wo
Lon. 19 |
ACE
“Sum
15 E, lat
Pacns
brated fo.
the incas
they con
riches.” |
Pacus
terranean
of Corfu.
It is fubj
PacirF
Souty.
America;
breadth.
ocean thr
bears his
In-
lalen
itec-
than
- relt
wel ;
ford,
fum-
258;
ifor~
y the
les 1
Fy in
bg in
fuch
were
fe-
ig at
ifhed
ing)
hole
by 4
aa
and
two
city,
and
e W,
land,
ine,
§
ick-
PAC
s part, of the country, efpecially on the
borders of Buckinghamhhire, is bill and
woody, having a continuation of the
Chilternshills running through it. The
Nw part is alfo elevated and ftony. ‘The
middle is, in general, a rich country,
watered by numerous ftreams, running
from N to s, and terminating in the
Thames. Of thefe, the moft confiderable
are the Windruth, Evenlode, Cherwel,
and ‘Tame; the latter, although an in-
confiderable rivulet, has obtained fome
importance from having been fuppofed to
give name to the Thames. he pro-
dusts of Oxfordihire are chiefly thofe
common to the midland farming counties.
Its hills yield ochye, pipe-clay, and other
earths, ufefulfor various purpofes. Corn
and malt are conveyed from it, by the
Thames, to the metropolis. Good cheefe
is made in the grazing parts. The
greateft want in this county is that of
fuel; for the woods, with which it once
abounded, being greatly diminithed, it
is neceflary to fupply the deficiency with
coal, brought by a long and troublefome
navigation from London. The junétion
of the Thames with the Trent and Merfey,
by the canal from Braunfton to Hampton
Gay, and by another canal from Braunfton
to Brentford, will greatly remedy this
inconvenience.
OzwiFziNn, a town of Little Poland,
feated on ine Weitchfel. The houfes are
built of wood; and the town is covered
on one fide by a great morafs, and on the
other defended by a caftle,- whofe walls
are of wood. It is 34. miles w of Cracow.
Lon. 19 10 £, lat. 50 10 N.
P
ACEM, a town in the N part of
“Sumatra, in the E Indies.. Lon. 97
15 B, lat. 5 oӴ.
PACHAMAC, a valley in Peru, cele-
brated for a magnificent temple, built by
the incas, in which the Spaniaxds, when
they conquered Peru, found immenfe
riches, It is 10 miles s of Lima.
Pacusv, a {mall ifland in the Medi-
terranean, near the coaft of Albania, s
of Corfu, and w of the gulf of Arta.
It is fubje& to Venice.
PaciFic OcEAN, otherwife called the
Souty Sz, lying between Afia and
America, and upward of 10,000 miles in
breadth. When Magellan entered this
ocean through the dangerous ftrait that
bears his name, he failed three months
PAD
and 20 days in a uniform direétion to the
Nw, wthout. difcovering land. In the
diftrefs ae fuffered in this voyage, before
he difcovered the Ladrone Iflands, he had
the confolation of enjoying fuch uninter-
rupted tair weather, with favorable winds,
that he gave this ocean the name of Pa-
cific. ‘The Spaniards having paffed the
ifthmus of Darien, from N to s, at the
firft difcovery of this ocean, named it
the South Sea; but, with refpect to Ame-
rica, it is more properly the weftern
ocean. On one fide of the equator, it is
called the N Pacific Ocean; and on the
other, the S Pacific Ocean.
Pacy, an ancient town of France, in
the department of Eure and late province
of Normandy, feated on the Eure, eight
miles s by —E of Vernon. Lon. 1 qr/B,
lat. 48 58 N.
PADANG, a feaport on the w coait of
Sumatra, in the E Indies, in the poffef-
fion of the Dutch. Lon. 99 46 £, lat. 6
50 8.
PADDINGTON, a village in Middlefex,
W by n of London. ‘Though contiguous
to the metropolis, it contains many beau-
tifwlly rural fpots; and its new church,
erected in 1790, is in a fingularly pleafing
ftyle. .
canes RN, a bifhopric of Germany,
in the circle of Weltphalia, 32 -miles
long and 20 broad. In the middle of it
are high mountains, and iron mines; but
the reft.of the country is fertile in .corn
and paftures. It is moft remarkable for
its bacon and venifon.
PADERBORN, an ancient and populous
town of Weitphalia, capital of a bithopric.
It takes its name from the rivulet Pader,
which rifes under the high altar of the
cathedral. It has a celebrated univerfity,
and 38 37 miles sw of Minden, and 43
E8E of Munfter. Lon. 8 55 B, lat. 5x
46 N. ,
PADRON, a town of Spain, in Galicia,
feated on the Ulla, 12 miles s of Com-
poftella. Lon. 8 17 w, lat. 42 40 N.
PapsTow, a feaport in Cornwall, with
a market on Saturday. It is feated at
the mouth of the. Camel, on the Briftot
Channel, and has fome trade to Ireland,
It is 30 miles w of Launcetton, and 243
Ww by s of London, Lon. 4.45 w, lat.
042 N. ‘ i
; Pandas an-ancient and celebrated city
of Italy, capital of the Paduano, with a
univerfity-and a.bifhop’s fee. It is feven
miles in circumference, and much lef
confiderable than formerly ; for great part ,
of the circuit within the walls is untiyile,
and the town in gece fo thinly inbas
4
.
;
}
|
PAE
bited, that grafs is feen in many places,
between the {tones with which the ftreets
are paved. The houfes are built on
piazzas, which, ‘when the town was in a
flourifhing ftate, may have nad a magni-
ficent appearance; but they now rather
give: it amore gloomy air. The Fran-
cifcan church is dedicated to St. Antonio,
the great patron of the city, whofe ‘body
is inclofed in a farcophagus, under an
altar in the.middle of the chapel, and is
faid to emit a very agreeable and refrefhing
flavour. Pious catholics believe this
to be the natural effluvia of the faint’s
body; while heretics affert, that the per-
fume proceeds from certain balfams rubbed
on the marble every morning, before the
votaries come to pay their devotions.
The walls of this church are covered with
votive offerings of ears, eyes, arms, legs,
notes, and every part almoit of the human
body, in token of cures performed by this
faint; for whatever part has been the
feat of the difeafe, a reprefentation of it
#s hung up in filver or gold, according to
the gratitude or wealth of the patient.
Near this church is a place, called the
School of St. Antonio, where many of
the actions of the faint are painted in
frefco; fome of them by Titian. The
chureh of St. Juftina, built from a defign
by Palladio (one of the moft elegant he
ever gave) is remarkable for its rich Mo-
faic pavement. The hall of the town-
houfe is one of the largeft in Kurope,
and contains the cenotaph of Livy, the
hiftorian, who was a native of, Padua.
The univerfity, once fo celebrated, is
now on the decline. Here is a cloth ma-
nufaéture; and it 's faid that the inha-
bitants of Venice wear no other cloth
than what is made here. The city, how-
ever, {warms with beggars, who afk
charity in the name of St; Antonio. Pa-
dua was taken by the Venetians, in 1706.
It is feated on the Brenta and Bachiglione,
ina fine plain, 20 miles se of. Vicenza,
and 225 N of Rome. Lon. 121 g, lat.
45 22 .N.
PaDUANO, a province of Italy, in the
territory of Venice, 40 miles leng and
35 broad; bounded on the £ by the Do-
gado, on the s by the Polefino di Rovigo,
on the w by the Veronefe, and on the N
by the Vicentino. Its foil is well wa-
tered, and is one of the moft fertile in
Italy. Padua is the capital,
PAEFENHOFFEN, a town of France,
dn the department of Lower Rhine and
late province of Alface, feated on the de-
¢livjty of a mountain, near the river
are ine ay
PAL
Motter, eight miles w of Haguenau.
Lon. 7 38 E, lat. 48 48 N. )
Paco, an ifland in the gulf of Vénice,
feparated from Venetian Dalmaiia by a
narrow ftrait. The air is cold, and the
foil barren; but it is well peopled, and
contains ialt-works.
PanHana. See PAN.
PAIMBOEUF, a feaport of France, in
the departinent of Lower Loire and late
province of Bretagne, at the mouth of the
Loire. Hence all the fhips belonging to
Nantes take their departure, and here they
anchor on their arrival. It is 20 miles
w of Nantes. Lon. : 53 Wy lat. 47
15 N.
PaINswick, a town in Gloucefter.
fhire, with a market on Tuefday. © It has
a manulature of white cloths for the
army, and for the India and Turkey trade ;
and hence is brought a ftone, remarkable
for its beauty and neatnefs, for the pave-
ment of floovs. . Painfwick is fituate fo
high, as every way to command extenfive
views, over a vale of vat richnefs and
variety, of the windings of the Severn,
Malvern Hills, and parts of the counties
of Salop, Hereford, and Monmouth. It
is feven miles se of Gloucelter, and 101
w by Nof London. Lon. 2 11 w, lat.
$1 46 N. ;
Palsuey, a large manufacturing town
in Renfrewfhire. Its ftreets have names
defcriptive of the various employments
of the inhabitants; fuch as Silk Street,
Cotton Street, Lawn Streety &c. The
principal manufaétures are in filk and
thread gauze; and it has extenfive cotton
works. The magnificeat abbey, for which
Paifiey was once noted, is now partly in
ruins ; but there is a chapel intire, which
is ued as the tamily burial-place of the
marquis of Abercorn, and is famous for
a furprifing echo. Paifley is fuppofed to
contain about one third of the number
of the inhabitants of Glafgow; but it
ftands on nearly as much ground, and is
fix miles w of that city. Lon. 4 20 w;
lat. 55 52 N.
Para, a feaport of Peru, in the au-
dience ot Quito, with an excellent har-
bour. It has frequently been plundered
by the buccaneers; and, in 1741, it was
plundered and burnt, by commodore
Anfon, becaufe the governor refufed to
ranfom it. Lon. 81 19 W, lat. 6 12s.
PALACIOS, a town of Spain, in An-
dalufia, 12 miles 6 of Seville. Lon, 5 24
wy lat. 37. 20 N.
Pavalts, a town of France, capital of
the ifland of Belleifle,. off the coaft of
re-
Bretagn
ftood a |
1761, @
terms.
PALA
France,
Pyrenees
trict of
nearly t
Lower
which p
millet, oa
cider.
portion
wrefted,
by Ferdit
tile. Th
Navarre
the king
nexed to
right of
Palais is
se of Ba y
Nn. See
PAaLa
town of
feated at
the ftraits
710 S.
PALA
town of
miles sw
lat. 8 43.2
PaLAM
in Catalon
47 miles }
lat. 41 58
PALANI
feated on t
Lon. 18 2
PaLAo:
New.
PaLaw
PaLaz:
Val-di-No
155 EB, la
PAaLaz!
Breiciano,
ne of Mil
PALEN(
with an ar
the Carion
110 N by
lat. 42 10
PALER!
in the Va
extremity
theatre, fo:
tains. T!
the mount:
in the wor.
hificent ga
|
PAL
Bretagne. It has a ftrong citadel, which
ftood a long fieg: againit the Englifh, in
1761, and then furrendered on honorable
terms. Lon. 3 2 Ww, lat. 47 18 N.
PALAIS, ST. a town and diftri& of
France, in the department of the Lowey
Pyrenees, which, with the town and dit.
trict of St. John-Pied-de-Port, forms
nearly the whole of the late province of
Lower Navarre, a mountainous country,
which produces fearcely any thing but
millet, oats, and fruits of which they make
cider. This is only a very moderate
portion of -the kingdom of Navarre,
wrefted, in 1512, fiom John d’Albert,
by Ferdinand king of Arragon and Caf-
tile. This portion, feparated from Upper
Navarre by the Pyrenees, made part of
the kingdom of France, having been an-
nexed to it by Henry 1v, who held it in
right of his mother, Jeanne d’Albert. St.
Palais is feated on the Bidoule, 15 miles
sk of Bayonne. Lon. 1 4 w, lat. 43 21
nN. See NAVARRE.
PALAMBOANG, or PALAMBANG, a
town of Java, capital of a kingdom;
feated at the & end of the ifland, on
the ftraits of Bally. Lon. 1140 &, lat.
710 S,
PaLAMCOTTA, or TINEVELLY, a
town of Hindooftan, in the Carnatic, 410
miles sw of Madras. Lon. 77 54 £;
lat. 8 43 .N.
PaLaMos, a ftrong feaport of Spain,
in Catalonia, feated on the Mediterranean,
47 miles NE of Baycelona, Lon. 2 58 z,
lat. 41 58 N.
PALANKA, a town of Upper Hungary,
feated on the Ibola, 37 miles N of Buda.
Lon. 18 23 £, lat. 48 9.N.
PaLaos IsLanps. See PHILIPPINES,
New.
PALAWAN. See PARAGO.
PaLAZZUOLO, a town of Sicily, in the
Val-di-Noto, 80 miles s of Meffina. Lon.
15 5 E, lat. 37 3.N.
PALAZZUOLO, a town of Italy, in the
Breiciano, feated on the Oglio, 30 miles
ne of Milan. Lon. 9 56 £, lat. 45 40 N.
PALENCIA, a town of Spain, in Leon,
with an archbifhop’s fee. It is feated on
the Carion, 40 miles sw of Burgos, and
110 N by w of Madrid. Lon. 4 42 w,
lat. 42 10 N.
PALERMO, an ancient city of Sicily,
in the Val-di-Mazara, fituate near the
extremity of a kind of natural amphi-
theatre, formed by high and rocky moun-
tains. The country between the city and
the mountains, is one of the richeft plains
in the world ; the whole appearing a mag-
nificent garden, filled with fruit-trees of
PAL
every {pecies, and watered. by clear foun-
tains and rivulets. ‘The inhabitants of
Palermo are eftimated at 150,000. ‘Iwo
great ftreets interiect each other in’ the
centre of the city, where they form a
handiome {quare, called the Ottangolo,
adorned with elegant uniform buildings,
From the centre of this {quare is feen the
whole of thefe noble (treets, and the four
elegant gates which terminate them, eaci
at the diftance of half a mile. The Porta
Felice opens to the Marino, a delightful
walk, that has on one fide the wall of the
city, and on the other the fea; and in the
centre is an elegant kind of temple, which,
in fuminer, is made ule of as an orcheltra.
The concert does not begin till midnight;
at which time the walk is crowded with
Carriages and people on foot: the better
to favour pleature and intrigue, there is
an order that no perfon fhall prefume ta
carry a light ; and the company generally
continue an hour or two together in utter
darkne‘s, except when the intruding moon
comes to difturb them. The churches of
Palermo are upward of 300, and many of
them very rich and magnificent. The
cathedral is a large Gothic ftru&ture,
fupported within by 80 columns of ori-
ental granite, and divided into a great
number of chapels, fome of which are
extremely rich, particularly that of St.
Rofolia, the patronefs of Palermo, who
is held in the greateft veneration. The
relics of the faint are preferved in a
large box of filver, curioufly wrought,
and enriched with precious ftones: many
miracles, it is pretended, are pertormed by
them; and they are confidered as the
greateft treafures of the city. The mo-
numents of their Norman kings, feveral of
whom are buried here, we of the fineft
porphyry, fome of them near 700 years
old. The city is crowded with ftatues
of fovereigns and tutelar faints, placed in
fmall courts and {quares, upon pedeftals of
coloffal proportion and taftelefs form. In
the ftreets the women hide their heads n
black veils; a very ancient mode of drefs
in this ifland. ‘This city has fuffered
greatly, at different periods, by earth-
quakes or inundations. The harbour is
dangeroufly open to the {well and fea from
the NE; and, even at the anchoring place,
fhips lie in peril whenever a wetterly
wind blows, as it rufhes with great im-
petuofity through the valley of Colli be-
tween the mountains. About a mile
from Palermo is a celebrated convent
of capuchins, in which is a, vault made
ufe of as a receptacle for the dead. It
confifts of four wide paflages, each about
PATL
forty feet in length, with arches along
the fides, in which the bodies are~fet
upright, clothed in coarfe garments, with
their heads, arms, and feet bare. They
are prepared for this fituation by broiling
them fix or ven months upon a gridiron,
over a flow fire, till all the fat and moifture
are coniumed. In fome of the higher
nitches they are laid out at full length,
and at the top are children of fix or feven
years of age. On the floor are handfome
trunks, containing the bodies of perfons
f diftinSion, the keys of which are
kept bv the relations. Palermo is feated
on the N fide of the ifland, at the bottom
of a gulf of the fame name, 11o miles
w of Meffina, and 162 s by w of Naples.
Lon. 13 23 £, fat. 3815 N.
PALESTINE, a country of Turkey in
Afia, fo called from the Philiftines, who
inhabited its feacoa. It is allo called
Judea, frony the patriarch Judah; and
the Holy Land, from its having been the
feene of the birth, miniftry, and death
of Jefus Chrift. In the Scriptures it
is fiyled the Land of Canaan, and the
Promifed Land. It is divided from Syria
on the x, by Mount Libanus, or Le-
benon; from Arabia Deferta on the x,
by the mountains of Seir; and it has the
deferts of Ayabia Petrea on the s, and the
Mediterranean on the w. It is, in gene-
ral, a fertile country, abounding, where
cultivated, with corn, wine, and oi]; and
it might fupply the neighbouring country
with all thefe, as it anciently did, were the
prefent inhabitants equally induftrious.
The parts about Jerufalem, its capital, are
the moft mountainous and recky; but
they feed numerous herds and flocks, and
yield plenty of honey, with excellent wine
and oil; and the vallies produce large
crops of corn.
PALESTRINA, anciently Prenefte, a
town of Jtalv, in Campagna di Roma,
with a bifhop’s fee. It is the capital of a
principality of the fame name, and was
famous for the Temple’ of Fortune, the
Yuins of which may yet be feen. It is
25 miles £ of Rome. Lon. 13/5 8, lat.
41 §2.N.
PALESTRINA, one of the largeft of
the iflands called the Lagunes, near
Venice, where the moft confiderable ‘of
the nobility have country houiles. The
principal harbour has the fame name.
PaLicaTa, a fedport of Hindooftan,
on the coaft of Coromandel. The Dutch
have a fa&tory here. It is 25 miles N of
Madras. Lon. $1 33 £, lat. 13 30 N.
’ PALIMBUM, the capital of a kingdom
ef the fame name, in the ifland of Sumatra,
PAL
feated on the £ coat, 120 miles he oF
Bencoolen, and fubjeét to the Dutch,
Lon. 103 31 BF, lat. 30 5.
PALLISER’S ISLANDS, @ group of
iflands inthe § Pacific Ocean. Lofl. 146
40 W, lat. 15 305.
PALMA, a town of Portural, in Alen.
tejo, feated on the river Cadoan, 20
miles £ of St. Ubes. Lon. 8 go wy, lat.
38 37 N.
Patma, a town of S America, in
New Granada, 50 miles NW of St. Fé.
de-Bogota. Lon. 73 40 W, lat. 4 20 8,
PatuMa, one of the Canary [laixis,
lying to the N of Ferro. Lon. 17 s0w,
lat. 28 47.N.
Palma, or PALMA Nuova, a ftrone
town of Italy, in Venetian Friuli. It is
a very important place for the defence of
the Venetians againft the Auftrians and
Turks; and is fsated on the gulf of
Venice, ro miles se of Udina, and 55
Ng of Venice. Lon. 13 15 -£, lat.
462 N.
PaiMas, one of the Philippine Mlands,
16 ‘leagues se: of Mindanao. Lon. 127
OE, lat. 5 33.N.
PaLMas, CaPeE, a promontory of
Africa, on the Ivory Coat of Guinea,
Lon. 5 34. W, lat. 426 N.
PALMELA, a town of Portugal, in Ef.
tramadura, with a cattle on a rock, teated
on the Gadaon, 19 miles sz of Lifbon,
Lon. 8 56 w, lat. 38 29 N.
PALMERSTON’S ISLAND, an ifland in
the S Pacific Ocean, difcovered by cap-
tain Cook, in #774. It confifts of about
ten iflets, conneéted by a reef of coral
rocks, and lying in a circular dire@tion.
This place admits of no anchorage, nor
are there any inhabitants en it, though
it abounds with cocoa-nuts, icurvygrals,
and the wharra-tree. It does not exceed
a mide in circumference, and is not ele-
vated more than three feet above the level
of the fea. It confifts intirely of a coral
“‘fand, with a fmall mixture of blackith
mold, which appeared to be produced
from rotten vegetables. With refpect to
the animal creation; the moft fingular that
oY ar teks. obferved, were fome large
eels, beautifully fpotted; which, when
followed, would: raife: themfelves out of
the water, and endeavour, with open
mouth, to bite their purfuers. There
was alfo a brown-fpotted rock fith, about
the fize of a haddock, fo tame, that, in-.
ftead of fwimming away, it would re-
main fixed, and gaze at them. Lan. 162
$7 W, lat.'18 os.
PaumyRA, formerly a magnificent
‘City of Afia, in’the deferts of Arabia, of
which Z
out a lo
was at
triumph
The ttu
vifited b
families,
within t
cent tem
miles SE
33 40 N
PALN
of Hindd
tic, but
the w of
PaLosg
fia, with
able for
pher Col
turous vd
the mout
sw of
14 N.
PALos
in Murc
fame na
Lon. 6 3
PALO?
in the cc
from the
sw of |
ON,
PALTI
ing to th
journey, ;
poo or Bi
circumfe:
one large
ifland, o1
naltery, a
cepamo,
whom th
{pirit ist
Lama,
or minift
feminine
PaMir
departme:
of Foix,
fo confids
iN propo.
mineral {
ebftructic
Arriegey,
8 of Ton
BAN. yy
eR 4 MU)
ly in
. Fé.
2 N,
ALS,
SOW,
trong
It is
ice of
s and
\f of
id 55
lat.
ands,
« 127
y of
linea,
in Ef.
teated
{bon,
nd in
cap-
about
coral
tion.
> Nor
rough
brats,
xceed
ele-
level
coral
ckith
huced
ect to
* that
large
when
It of
open
here
About
y in--
ad re-
. 162
cent
‘a, of
PAM
which Zenobia was queen, who held it
out a long time,againit the Romans, but
was at length taken captive, and led in
triumph through thé ftreets of Rome.
The ttupendous ruins of this city were
vifited by meffieurs, Wood and. Dawkins,
in 1751.5 and Mr.-Wood publifhed a
{plendid account of them, iiluftrated by
plates, in 1753. This place is likewile
called Tedmor in the Defert. ‘The pre-
fent inhabitants, confifting of 30 or 40
families, have ereéted their mud cottages
within the {pacious court of a magnifi-
cent temple of the fun. Palmyra is 200
miles se of Aleppo. Lon. 33 50 £, lat.
33 30 N.
PALNAUD, a diftriét of the peninfula
of Hindooftan, belonging to the Carna-
tic, but fituate toward the river Kiitna, to
the w of the Guntoor Circar.
PaLos, a town of Spain, in Andalu-
fia, with a pretty good harbour; remark-
able tor being’ the place whence Chrifte-
pher Columbus failed on ‘his firft adven-
turous voyage in 1492. It is feated at
the mouth of the Rio Tinto, 46 miles
sw of Seville. -Lon. 6 39 Wy lat. 37
14.N.
Patos, Cape, a promontory of Spain,
in Murcia, to the s of a town of, the
fame name, 20 miles & of Carthagena.
Lon. 6 39 Wy lat.“°37 37 N.--
PALOTA, a town of Lower Hungary,
in the county of Alba Regalis, taken
from the Turks, in 1687. It is 40 miles
sw of Buda. Lon. 18 0 B, lat. 47
ON. tel
PALTE, a famous lake of Thibet, ly-
ing tothe s of Laffa, about three days
journey, and 12 miles s of the river San-
poo or Burrampooter. It is 150 miles in
circumference ; and in the middle of it is
one large ifland. Onthe w fhore of this
illand, or congeries of iflands, is a mo-
na(tery, and the feat of the Lamiffa ‘Tur-
cepamo, or the Great Regenerate, in
whom the Thibetians think that 2 divine
{pirit is regenerated, as it is inthe Gree:
Lama. The word Lama fignifies a priett,
or minifter of religion, and Lamifa is the
feminine of Lama.
PAMIERS, a town of France, in the
department of Arriege and late territory
of Foix, with a bifhop’s fee. . It is not
fo confiderable as formerly, nor peopled
in proportion to its extents Near it is.a
mineral {pring, {aid to. cure the gout and
ebftructions. .Pamiers..is deated on the
Arriegey eight.milesN of Foix, and 40
: of Touloufes,,.Lon.od 132 By lat. 43
PAN Soh Orso seeen awetl ~ eye otro
te PSMLICO SOUND; 8 .kinkk off inland
PAN
fea, of N Carolina, 100 miles long and
from 10 to 20 broad. It is feparated, in
its whole length, from the Atlantic, by
a beach of (and, hardly a mile wide, ge-
nerally covered by ‘mall trees or buthes.
It has feveral inlets; but that of Ocre.
cock is the only one that will admit vef=
fels of burden. This inlet is in lon. 76
20 Wy, lat. 35 10 N.
PAMPELONNE, a town of France, in
the department of Tarn and late province
of Languedoc, 15 miles N by & of Alby,
Lon. 2 17 £, lat. 44 10 N.
PAMPELUNA, a town of Spain, capi-
tal of Upper Navarre, with a ftrong ci-
tadel, and a-rich bifhopric. Its fquares
are hand/ome, and adorned with fhops
tull of rich merchanasde. It is feated on
the Arga, 42 miles s of Bayonne, and
167 NE of Madrid. Lon. 1 35 w, lat.
42 47 .N.
PAMPELUNA, a town of S America,
in New Granada, famous for its mines
of gold, and numerous flocks of theep.
It is 150 miles N by E of St. Fé-de-
Bagota. Lon. 71 30 W, lat. 6 30 N.
Pan, or PaHana, a town of Afia, on
the E coaft of the peninfula of Malacca.
It is the capital of a kingdom of the
fame name, remarkable. for the great
number of elephants, and for the plenty
of pepper it produces. Pan is 140 miles
NE of Malacca. Lon. 103 20 £, lat. 3
55.N.
PaNAMA, a city of S America, the
capital of Terra Firma Proper, and the
feat of a royal audience and of a bithop.
It was built in 1517, and was facked
and burnt by the Englifh buccaneers in
1670. Before the abolition of the trade
by the galeons, in 1748, the Spaniards
of Chili and Peru, in order to be fup-
plied with the produ€ts and manufatures
of Europe, were abliged to repair to
Porto Bgllo or Panama; but, fince that
period, the commercial intercour{e has
been carried on by fingle veffels, called
regifter fhips, which tail round Cape
Horn, and convey direétly to the ports of
Chili,and Peru the -merchandite, which
was formerly conveyed acrofs the ifthmus
of Darien to Panama. In the harbour
of Panama is’ a fine pearl fifhery. ‘This
city is feated on a bay of the fame name,
zomiles s of Porto Bello.’ Lon. 80 35 w,
lat. 8:48 N.°
Panari, one of the Lipari Iflands, in
the Mediterranean, between Lipari and
Strombolo.. It is barren, and only five
miles in circumference. Lon. 15 41 E,
lat. 38 38_N.
PaNay, one.of the Philippine Iflands,
4
PAN
between thofe of Paragoa and Negro.
It is 250 miles in circumference, and the
mott populous and fertile of them all. It
is watered by a great number of rivers
and brooks, and produces a great quan-
et rice, Iloita is the capital.
ANCRAS, St. a village in Middle-
fex, a little to the Nw of London. It
has a church dedicated to St. Pancras;
and the churchyard is remarkable for be-
ing the principal place of interment for
the Roman catholics. At a public houfe
near the church is a medicinal {pring.
Here is the Veterinary College, eftablithed
in 1791, for the improvement of far-
riery, and the treatment of cattle in ge-
neral: the noble ftables, and anatomical
theatre, are finithed ; but the prefent col-
lege is only a temporary building.
Panca, a town of Africa, in the
kingdom of Congo, capital of the pro-
vince of Bamba. Lon. 14 25F lat. 6
30 S.
PANJAB, a country of Hin¢ an
Proper, being that watered by t ~ tive
eaftern branches of the Indus. Jt was
the fcene of Alexander's laft campaign,
and the termination of his conquefts. It
forms a {quare of 250 miles, and includes
the whole of Lahore, and a he part of
Moultan Proper. ‘To the lower part of
Moultan it is flat and marfhy, and inun-
dated by the periodical rains which fall
between May and Oétober.
PANNANACH WELLS, a village in
Aberdeenthire, fituate a little below the
waterfall, called the Lin of Dee, in the
valley of Glenmuick. It is noted for its
mineral waters.; and a lodge has been
erected for the accommodation of the
company that frequent this place in fum-
mer.
PANNIPUT, a town of Hindooftan
Proper, fituate in an extenfive plain be-
tween the cities of Delhi and Sirhind.
This plain is celebrated for an obftinate
battle fought, in 1761, between an arm
vf 200,000 Mahrattas, and Abdallah,
king of Candahar, at the head of 150,000
Mahometans, when the former were ‘to-
tally defeated. Panniput is 72 miles
nw of Delhi. Lon. 76 45 E, iat. 29
15 .N.
PANTALARIA, an ifland in the Medi-
terranean, between Sicily and the coatt
of Tunis. It is 17 miles in circumfe-
‘rence ; abounds in cotton, fruits, and
wine ; and is fubjeé&t to the king of Naples.
Lon. 12 31 £, lat. 36 55 N.
_. PANUCO, a province of New Spain,
in the audience of Mexico. . The capital,
of the fame name, is a bifhop’s fee, and
o-
PAR
is fituate on the river Panuco, 170 miles
N by B of the city of Mexico. Lon. 98
5 Ey lat. 23 ON. '
Pa-00M, one of the New Hebrides, in
the S$ Pacific Ocean, to the s of Malicollo,
Lon. 168 28 Wy lat. 16 30 8.
PAO-TING-FOU, 3 city of China, the
moft confiderable in the province of Pe-
tcheli, next to that of Pekin. Its dif-
tri&t contains three cities of the fecond,
and 17 of the third clais. It is 60 miles
8 by w of Pekin.
APA, a ftrong town of Lower Hun.
gary, in the county of Velprin. It was
taken from the ’
the raifing of the fiege of Vienna. It is
feated on a mountain, near the river Mar-
chaltz, 45 miles w of Buda. Lon. 18
20 Ry lat. 47 26 N.
Papout, St. a town of France, in
the department of Aude and late province
of Languedoc, feated on the Lembe,
eight miles & of Ca(tlenaudary, and 35
sz of Touloule. Lon. 2 10 8, lat. 43
21 Ne
PAPPENHEIM, a town of Franconia,
capital of a county of the fame name,
with a caftle, where the count refides,
It is feated near the Altmal, 17 miles
nw of Neuburg, and 32 s of Nuremburg.
Lon. 10 51 £, lat. 48 58 N.
Para, a fort of Brafil, feated near the
mouth of*the river Amazon, and to the
E of the eaftern branch of it. Lon. 50
ow, lat.2 05.
Paraco, or PALAWAN, a large
ifland in the Indian Ocean, between the
Philippines and Borneo, which has a
king, tributary to Borneo. The Spa-
niards have a fort here.
ParaGcuay, a large country of S
America, bounded on the N by Amazo-
nia, on the E by Brafil, on the s by Pa-
tagenia, and on the w by Chili and Pe-
ru. It contains fix provinces; namely,
Paraguay Proper, Parana, Guaria, Ura-
guay, Tucuman, and La Plata, from
which the whole country is alfo called
La Plata. It has numerous lakes and
rivers: of the latter, the'three principal
are the Paraguay, Uragua, and Parana;
the united ftreams of which form the ce-
lebrated Rio-de-la-Plata. Theft rivers
amually overflow their banks ; and, on
their recefs, leave them enriched by a
flime, that renders the foil extremely
fertile. This vaft country is far from
‘being: wholly fubdued or planted by
the Spaniards.; many ‘parts being ftill
unknowns The.'principal province of
which we have any knowledge is - that
called Ga Plata, toward the mouth of-she
urks, in 1683, after °
Rio-de-
the adja
for feve
tile, atid
dance,
called
this cou
is drunk
S Ame
alfo a
pattures
woods.
ferene.
country;
ta,in14
nos Ay
admitted
the next
miffions
number c
Jefuits, o
his curat
to make
fource o
To this
ought to
governor
Europe
‘converts,
the miffio
he permit
thele ter
fathers cc
tax on the
tions in fa
of time, |
addrefs, tl
nion, botl
the native
the coloni
guay, for
acramerit
come the |
feffions of
court expe
were put '
other Indi
America.
Param
in Guiani
Dutch col
fmall but:
for thippit
than 80 v
ton, and it
are perfe
orange, ft
trees, in e
on the &
miles fror
dat. 5 48:
Paratt
~
PAR
Rio-de-la-Plata. ‘This province, with all
the adjacent parts, is Une continued plain
forfeveral hundred miles; extremely fer-
tile, artd’producing cotton in preat abun-
dance, tobacco, and the valuable herb
called Paraguay, which is peculiar to
this country, and the infufion of which
is drunk, in all the Spanith provinces of
S America, inftead of tea. They have
alfo a variety of fruits, and very rich
paftures; but the country is deftitute of
woods. The air is remarkably {weet and
ferene. The Spaniards difcovered this
country, by failing up the Rio-de-la-Pla-
ta, in 1915, and founded the town of Bue-
nos Ayres. In 1580, the Jefuits were
admitted into thefe fertile regions, and in
the next century, founded the famous
miffions of Paraguay; which were a
number of colonies, each governed by two
Jefuits, oneof whom was re¢tor, the other
his curate. They undertook, not only
to make profelytes, but to open a new
fource of wealth to the mother country.
To this end they reprefented, that the
ought ‘to be. independent of the Spani
governors; ‘and that, as the vices of the
Europeans ‘might contaminatc their new
‘converts; and deftroy the great objects of
the miffions, no other Spaniards fhould
he permitted to enter the country. To
thefe ternis the court agreed; the holy
fathers corifenting to a certain capitation
tax on the natives, and two other ftipula-
tions in favour of the crown. In procefs
of time, merely by the moft wonderful
addrefs, they acquired an abfolute domi-
nion, both fpiritual and temporal, over
the natives. In 1757, Spain exchanged
the colonies on ‘the 'E fhore‘of the Ura-
uay, for the Portuguefe colony of St.
Eaccannentt; which caulfed that river to be-
come the boundary of the yp! ne pof-
feffions of the two crowns. In 1767, the
court expelled the Jefuits, and the natives
were put upon the fame footing with the
other Indians of the Spanith part of ’S
<umerica,.
PARAMARIBO; the capital of Surinam,
in Guiana, and the chief place of the
Dutch colonies in S America, It hasa
fmall but ftrong: citadel ; and a noble-road
for thipping, where there are feldom lefs
than 80 veffels loading coffee, fugar, cot-
ton, and indigo for Holland. The ttreets
are perfeétly ftraight, and lined with
orange, fhaddock, tamarind, and lemon
trees, in everlafting bloom. it is fituate
on the © Gde of the rivtr Surinam, 26
miles from its mouth. Lon. 55 25 w,
dat. 5 48 N.
PararBa, a town of Bralil, on a river
3
PAR
of the fame name. The Dutch got po
feffion of it, in 1635, and fortified it with
a flight rampart; but the Portuguefe re-
took it foon after. The foil is pretty
fertile, and produces fuigar'-canes, and a
t number of trees of Brafil wood.
on. 49 53 W, lat. 6 505.
PARAMOUSIC, one of the Kuril
iflands, lying s of that of Shoomika.
See KuRILEs.
PARANA, a province of Paraguay, fo
named from 2 ‘large river, which unitin
with the Paraguay, and afterward wit
the Uraguay, forms the Rio-de-la-Plata.
PARCHIM, a town of Lower Saxony,
in the duchy of Mecklenburg, feated on
a fmall river which falls into the Elbe.
It is 20 miles sz of Schwerin, Lon. 12
© £, lat. 53 34.N.
PARENZO, a {trong town of Venetian
Iftria, with a bifhop’s fee, and a good
harbour, on the gulf of Venice, 65 miles
E of Venice. Lon. 13 56 £, lat. 45
24 N.
Paria, or NEw ANDALUSIA, a pro-
vince of Terra Firma, on the banks of
the Oroonoko, néar its mouth.
PARILLA, or ST. PaRILLA, a town
of Peru, in the audience of Lima, feated
at the mouth of the river Santa, 50 miles
8B of Truxillo, ‘and 230 nw of Lima.
Lon. 77 50 w, lat. 8 36s.
Paris, the capital of France, one of
the largeft, fineft, and moft populous cities
of Eurepe. The river Seine, which
crofles it, forms two finall iflands ; and it
is fix leagues in circumference, including
the fuburbs. ‘The inhabitants arecom.
puted to be 800,000. There are nide
principal bridges in Paris, two of which,
and the moft diftinguithed, occupy the
whole breadth of the Seine; namely,
Pont Neuf and Pont Royal; to which
may be added, the new bridge, begun in
1787, and called Pont de Louis Seize.
But it is here to be obferved, that all the
names of buildings, fquares, ftreets, Be.
in compliment to royalty, have beea
changed, fince the abolition of monarchy,
in 1792. The other bridges are, Pont
St. Michel, Pont au Change, Petit Pont,
Pont Notre Dame, Pont de Ja Tour-
nelle, Pont Marie, and Pont Rouge.
This faft, which is a timber bridge,
painted red, is the point of communica-
tion between the Iile du Palais and Mle
St. Louis. Among a great number of
public fountains, two only merit notice;
that of the Innocents, in which, a
-other fine pieces of {culpture, is a Gala-
tza, ‘by Goujeon; and that of Grenelle,
the performance of the celebrated Bous-
PAR
chardon. There are three -triumphal
arches, erefted to Lewis xiy, and known
by the names of Porte St. Bernard,’ Porte
Se. Denis, and Porte St. Martin. Of
the {quares in Paris (once adorned, with
the ftatues of thefr monarchs) the: finett
is the Place de Loyis Quinze, of an oc-
tagon form in which was an eque(tfian
ftatue, in bronze, of that monarch. This
fquare, now called the Place dela Revo-
lution, was the fatal fcene of the execu-
tion of the unfortunate Lewis xv1, of his
coniort Marie Antoinette, and of his
fitter the princefs of Elifabeth; the king
being executed on the 21ft of January
17933, the queen, on the 16th of .Oéto-
ber following;; and the princefs, on the
zoth of May 1794. . Belide many bun-
dreds of victims of revolutionary def-
tim, who likewafe perifhed on this
atal {pot, it is remarkable, that many of
the members of the French convention,
who voted for the death of the king, fuf-
ered, in the fequel, on the fame icaffold ;
and among thefe, was his infamous rela-
tion, the duke of Otleans, who: had
affumed the ludicrous name of Philippe
Egalité.. Befide the -cathedral of Notre
Dame, one. of the largeit in Europe, Paris
+has many fine churches. ‘The new church
of St. Genevieve (now called: the Pan-
_ theon) was deftined by the national affem-
“bly, insi7g15 to receive the remains of
.fuch great men as had merited well of
their-country. The remains o: Roitleau,
Voltaire, and Defeartes; have accordingly
been xemoved. hither. The celebrated
oratory: Mirabeau, and the fanguinary
Marat; were, interred here; but’ their
bodies have-beén ‘fince removed; and it
has heen decreed, that'no perfon: fhall re-
ceive the honeurs of the Pantheon, until
he has-been dead ten years. The fineft
college ‘in Paris is that of the Four Na-
tions, called alfo Mazarin, from the car-
dina], its founder. Among the public
libraries, that lately called the king’s,
holds the firft rank, in refpeét both to the
extent of the buildings, and the number
of volumes. The Royal (now National)
Obfervatory is. built of freeftone, and
neither iron nor wood has been employed
in the ereétion. The Botanical Garden
is -worthy of its late appellation of Royal.
The four principal palaces are the Louvre ;
the Tuileries, now the Palais National;
the Palais Royal, now the Palais d’Ega-
lite; and the Luxemburg, which has
been recently converted into a revolu-
tionary prifon. .The garden of the Tui-
leries, in front of the palace, and on the
banks of the Seine, is the fineft public
PAR
wajk in Paris. From this palace; when
attacked by. the.enraged mob, on the
roth of Anguft 1792, Lewis Xysiwent
for'an afylum to the hall of the,national
aflembly, thence to a prifon, and thence
to the {caffold.. The Palais Royal wis
long the property of ithe late dukes of
Oxlearis; -and the interior courts. have
been -embellifhed with many, beautiful
buildings, with fhops, coffeehowfles, and
a garden, which render it like! a, perpetual
fair. . The! Hotel-des-Invalides, for. the
wounded andfuperannuated foldiery, is\a
magnificent fruéture,-built by Lewis Xv, ;
as‘is the Military Schoal,, in, the- Champ
de: Mars, founded by Lewis xv. The
two principal theatres are the Vheatre
de. la Nation andthe Italian Theatre ,
which, in pbint of elegance and conveni-
ence, are worthy of the capital of a great
nation. ‘The Monnoie, or Mint, is alfo
a noble building, .fituate on that fide of
the Seine, eppofite the Louvre. The
_Hotel-de-Ville: is an.ancient ftruéture, in
the Place de Greve, which was the com-
mon place of execution, till Jately, when
the Place de 4a Revolution, and afterward
the fite of the Baftile, were appropriated
to that purpofe../ ‘The moft interefting. of
the manufactures of Paris js that of the
Gobelins:(fo,called from a family of cele-
brated diers, fettled here, in.145q),'in
which tapeltries are made after, the,pic-
tures of the greateft matters, to fuch per-
feétions that:one, reprefenting Lewis xv,
vawbelelength, tramed, and placed.ameong
the maiterpieces of painting, was taken,
for many days, by multitudes of wvifitors,
for afinithed piece. The manufacture of
plate-glafslikew:fe merits attention. Paris
is an-archbifhopric, and the feat of a
univerfity, It is fituate in the late pro-
vince of -the Ifle of France, and. now
forms, with a {mail diftri&t round it, one
of the departments of France. It is 70
miles s of Rouen, 265 se of London,
625 Nw of Vienna, and 630 NE of Ma-
drid. Lon.2 208, lat. 48 50 N.
Parma, a duchy of Italy, bounded on
the N by the river Po, on the NE by the
Mantuan, on the £ by the Modenefe, on
the s by Tufcany, and on the w by Pla-
centia. “The air is very wholefome; and
the {foil is fertile in corn, wine, oil, and
hemp; and the paftures feed a great num-
ber of cattle. There are fome incon-
fiderable mines of copper and filver, and
plenty of truffles. ‘The celebrated Par-
mefan ¢eheefe is no longer made in this
, country, but at Lodi in the Milanefe, at
Trino, Bologna, and fome other places.
Paga.é, an ancient and populous city
-
of Italy
name,
a univer
dral, a
rope.
the. chu
the fam
of .this
was fou
and the
the forn
the treat
of Parm
given te
Carlos,
is 40 mi
Milan.
PaRN
a. moun
heads, 0
coniecrat
the othe
in Greece
as tar a
fountain
talia.
Paro}
one of : tt
Tt ds ten
the foil :
confitts i
calicoes.
of oil, b
the olive
ciently de
of its ex
famous: fe
vers wow!
excellent
teles, wet
famous
were brov
Paros
pital of th
the largef
Cyclades
walls of
pieces of 1
are place
ftand upri
fize. Th
marble, w
hands; br
eae in
ikewife a
and baffo-
fo ignora)
iculptors :
nothing b
cellars,
fituate on
25448, |
when
) the
went
ional
hence
| was
es ot
have
wtitul
, and
vetual
or. the
jp isa
XIV;
thamp
The
heatre
eatre ;
nveni-
| great
is alio
ide of
The
ire, in
> com-
Awhen
arward
arjated
ting. of
of the
if cele-
q), "in
ripae-
h per-
is XV,
jammong
taken,
ifitors,
Rure of
Paris
of a
le pro-
now
t, one
t is 70
ondon,
bf Ma-
PAR
of Italy, capital of a duchy of the fame
name, with a citadel, a bifnop’s ive, and
auniverfity. It has a magnificent cathe-
dral, and the largeit opera-houle in Eu-
rope. . The cupola of the cathedral, and
the. church of St. John, are painted by
the famous Correggio, who was a native
of this place. In 1734, a bloody battle
was fought here between the Auftrians
and the French and Sardinians, in which
the former were defeated. In 1748, by
the treaty of Aix la-Chapelle, the duchies
of Parma, Placentia, and Guattalla, were
given to don Philip; brother to don
Carlos, king of the T'wo Sicilies. Parma
is 40 miles Nw of Modena, and 60 SE of
Milian. Lon. 10 30 By lat.44 50N.
PARNaSsus, how called PARNASSO,
a. mountain of Livadia, It has two
heads, one of which was tamous tor being
coniecrated to Apollo and the Mules, and
the other to.Bacchus. It is the highedt
in Greece, and from the top.is a proipect
ss tar as Corinth. Here allo is a fine
fountain, fuppofed to be the ancient Cai-
taliac; )
Paros, an ifland of tic Archipelago,
one of the Cyclades, to the-w of Naxia.
Tt is ten miles long and eight broad, and
the foil is well cultivated. The trade
confifts in wheat, harley, wine, pulfe, and
calicoes. It once produced a great’ deal
of oil, but.:he Venetian army burnt all
the olive-trees. This ifland was an-
ciently dedicated to Bacchus; on account
of its excellent wines; and. has been fo
famous’for its marble, that the beft:-car-
vers wotld. make ufe'ef no other. Thofe
excellent diatuaries, Phidias and Praxi-
‘eles, were matives of this ifland; and: the
famous Arundelian marbles, at Oxford,
were browght from this place.
Paros, atown of the Archipelago, ca-
pital of the ifle of Paros. It was ancienily
the largeft and moft powerful town of the
Cyclades ; but is greatly decayed. The
walls of the caftle are built of ancient
pieces of marble, and molt of the columns
art placed longwife: fome of them that
ftand upright, {upport cornices of a:nazing
fize. ‘Ihe natives build their houles of
marble, which they find ready cut to their
hands; but they take no care te place the
fpecee in a regular manger: their fields
ikewife are inclof:d with friezes, altars,
and baffo-relievo.. The inhabitants are
fo ignorant now, that, inftead of great
iculptors and fkilful architets, they have
nothing but carvers of mortars and falt-
cellars. Paros is a bifhop’s fee, and
fituate on the w coat of the ifland, Lon,
25448, lat.37 BN,
PAS
PaRRET, a river in.~ Somerfetfhire,
which rifes in the 5 part of the couny,
receives the Ivel if Thone, and enters
the Brittol Channel, st Bridgewater Bay.
PARRAMATTA, 2 town or fettiement
of Engliti convicts, in New S Wales.
It is feated at the head of the harbour of
Port Jackfon, ra miles w of Sydney
Cove, between Roie Hill and the landing.
place in the creek which forms the head.
In 1791, near rooo acres of land were
either in cultivation, or cleared for that
purpofe ; and the /oil, in moft places, was
found to be remarkably good. Lon. 154
39 E, lat. 33 505.
PARTHENAY, a town of France, in the
department of Two Sevres and late pro-
vince of Poitgu. It carries on a confider-
able trade in cattle and corn, and is feated
on the Thoue, 17 miles s of ‘Thouars.
Lon.o 19 W, Jat.46 44N.
PARTENKIRK, a town of Bavaria, 40
miles sw of Munich. Lon. 11 o8, late
47 36 N.
Par: *, a mountain in the ifle of An-
glefey, famous for a coppermine, which
is not. wrought in the, common manner of
fubterraneous mines, but, like a ftone quar-
ry, open to day ; and the quantity of ore
raifed is. prodigious. The pureft pant
jis exported raw to the {melting works at
Swantea and other places: the,moit im-
pure is fixft,calcined and deprived of mol
ofits fulphur on the ipots Quantities of
Mearly pure copper are obtained, from the
waters lodged. beneath the bed of ore, by
the intervention of iron. A lead ore, rich
an filver, is alfo found in this mountain.
Pas, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of the Straits of Calais and late pro-
vince of Artois, 12 miles sw of Arras.
Lon. 2 408, lat. 50.9 N, ;
Pas pE Catuais, or STRAITS OF
CaLais, a department of France, con-
taining the late provinces of Artois and
Boulonnois. Arras i$ the capital.
Passo, a cape of Peru, under the
equator, inlon. 78,50 w.
PassAGB, a feaport of Spain, in Bif-
cay, between thoje of Fontarabia and St.
Sebaftian, and 60 miles g of Bilboa. Lon.
24W, lat. 43 20N.
Passaxo, a cape on the coaft of Jan-
na, in Greece, between the gulfs of Ar-
miro and Zeiton.
PassaRVAN, a town of the ifland of
Java, in the E Indies. Lon.r14 155,
lat.7 oS.
Passau, an ancient city of Bavaria,
capital of a bifhopric of the fame name,
with a fort. The houfes are weil built,
and the cathedral is thought to be the
PAT
fineft in all Germany. It is divided into
four parts, namely, the town of Paflau,
Inftadt, Iltzftadt,and the quarter in which
is the bifhop’s palsce. ‘The firft three
are fortifiod, but the laft is only a fuburb.
It is feated at the confluence of the Inn
and I)tz, 62 miles £ by s of Ratifbon,
and 135 w of Vienna. Lon.13 378,
Jat. 48 28N.
Passero, Cape, anciently called Pa-
chinus, the moft tuutherly point of Sicily.
It is a barren ifland, about a mile round,
fepavated from the relt of Sicily by a
{trait, half a mile broad. It has a tort,
to proteét the country trom the ineurfions
‘of the Barbary coriairs, who are often
very troublefome on the coaft.. Off this
cape, fir George Byng, in 1735, defeatéd
a Spanith fquadron. Lon.15 228, lat.
36 35N.
PassiGNIANO, a town of Italy, in the
Ecclefiaftical State, feated on the lake
Ferugia, 17 miles Nw of Perugia. Lon.
32 5£, lat.43 16N.
Pasto, or St. JUAN DE PasTo, a
town of S America, in Pepayan, feated
in a fine valley, 120 miles N by £ of
uito. J.on. 76 55 wy, lat.1 5soN.
PAsTRANA, or PATRANA, a town of
Spain, in New Cattile, feated between the
‘Tajo and Tajuna, 32 miles 2 of Madrid.
Lon. 2 46 w, lat. 40 26N.
PaTacontA, acountry, the moft fouth-
ern part of S America. It is inhabited
by a race of men, who long afforded a
fubjecst of controverfy to the learned.
They are fuppofed to be one of the wan-
dering tribes, which occupy that valt, but
leaft known region of America, which ex-
tends from the Rio-de-la-Plata to the {traits
of Magellan. Their proper ftation is in
that part of the interior country which
Jies on the river Negro; but, in the
hunting feafon, they often toam as tar as
the ftraits which feparate ‘Tierra del Fuego
from the mainland.» The firlt accounts
of this people were brought to Europe by
the companions of Magellan, who de-
{cribed them as a gigantic race, above
eight feet high, and of ftrength in pro-
portion to their uncommon fize. Though
feveral perfons, to whoft teftimony great
refpect is due, have vifited this part of Ame-
rica fince the time of Magellan, and have
had interviews with the natives; though
fome have affirmed, that fuch as they faw
were of gigantic {tature, and others have
formed the fame con¢lufion from meafur-
ing their footfteps, or from viewing the
dkeletons of theirdead; yet their accounts
vary from each other jn fo many effential
points, and are mingled with fo many cir-
PAT
cumftances manifeftly falfe or fabulous, as
detra& much from their credit. On the
other hand, fome navigators, and thofe
among the moit eminent of their order,
for dilcernment and accuracy, have affert-
ed, that the natives of Patagonia, with
whom they had intercourle, though ftout
and well made, are not of fuch extraordi-
nary fize as to be diftinguifhed from the
reft of tue human fpecies. Dr. Robert-
fon has colleéted the various teftimonies
on this fubjeét, which, upon the whole,
appear to ftrengthen the alfertion of cap.
tains Wallis and Carterct, who actually
meaiured fome of the natives in 1756, and
found them to be from fix feet to fix feet
five and feven inches in height. Their
colour is a kind of bronze. ‘They are all
painted, and clothed nearly in the fame
manner: the circles round the two eyes
are, fome white and red, and: fome red
and black. Their teeth are as white
as ivory, remarkably even and well fet.
They have no other clothing than tkins,
which they wear with the hair inward ;
and a piece of leather covers the private
parts.
PaTaNn, a town of Afia, on the nz
coat of the peninfula of Malacca, capital
of a kingdom of the fame name, with a
well-defeaded harbour. The inhabitants
are partly Mahometans and partly Gen-
toos; and they have fome trade with thee
Chinefe. It is 300 miles N by w of
Malacca. Lon.100 408, lat.6 30N.
Patay, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Loiret and late province of
Orleanois, remarkable for the defeat of
the Englifh in 1429, by Joan of Arc.
It is 15 miles NW of Orleans. Lon.1
498, lat. 48 5N.
PaTEHUuCA, or PATIOCA, a town of
New Spain, in the audience of Mexico.
Near it is a filver mine. It is 70 miles
N of Mexico. Lon. 99 55 W, Jat. 21
ON,
PATHHEAD, a confiderable manufac-
turing village in Fifefhire, a little to the
E of Kirkcaldy
PaTMOs, a. fland of the Archipelago,
now called Patino, fituate on the coaft of
Natolia, between the ifles of Samos and
Nicaria. It is twenty miles in circum-
ference ; and being one of the moft bar-
ren heaps of rocks in the Archipelago, it
might have continued for ever unnoticed,
‘but for the book of Revelation which St.
John compofed here. A few vallies only
are capable of fome cultivations.. It
abounds, however, with partridges, rab-
bits, quails, turtles, pigeons, and fnipes.
In the midit of the diland rifes a moun-
tain, ter
John, w
and ma
imagine t
of this ¢
reigns of
would ba
tenance,
fome land
the certai
fuperttitio|
called Calg
Scarce an
they all u
of fuperft
minds. ‘J
trymen in
They are ¢
the profits
times eng
vellels is v
give them
of commit
The he
fituate on
between th
Tt leads to
which is {
the rocks,
habitants,
during his
fay, he wro
and they pi
in the roc
Spirit bres
fragments
a certain ff
orders, and
tits. The
medy as we
fort, who v
reprefents t
rally pretty
enough to
rangers, \
ule of pair
disfigured
Marieilles |
for her beat
ftranger co
with fimilar
botanift dec
fearch of wi
peared exce
haviour to
what it wa
The {prigh
given place
itranger no {
every door
Lon. 26 2493
Parna,
us, as
n the
thofe
order,
affert-
with
\ tout
aordi-
m the
obert-
nonies
whole,
r Cape
‘Ae
6, and
Xx feet
Their
are all
fame
D eyes
ie red
white
1) fet.
fkins,
ward ;
rivate
1e NE
‘apital
vith a
itants
Gen-
h thes
Ww ot
DN.
e de-
ce of
at of
Arc,
on. 1
n of
exico.
miles
t. 21
ufac-
o the
blago,
aft of
IS and
cum-
bar-
PO, it
iced,
PAT
tain, terminated by the-convent of St.
John, which, with its irregular towers,
and mafly appearance, one might well
imagine to be acitadel. ‘The‘inhabitants
of this convent are in reality the fove-
reigns of the country ; but their domains
would be infufficient for their main-
tenance, were it not for the poflefion of
fome lands in the neighbouring ifles, and
the certain tribute they derive from the
fuperitition of the Greeks. Thele monks,
called Caloyers, are {pread over all Greece.
Scarce any of them can read, and yet
they all underftand how far the empire
of fuperftition can extend over ignorant
minds. They keep their credulous coun-
trymen in the moft abfolute fubjeétion.
They are even accomplices in their crimes,
the profits of which they fhare, and fome-
times engrofs. Not one of the piratical
vellels is without a caloyer, in order to
give them abfolution in the very inftant
of committing the moft dreadful crimes.
The hermitage of the Apocalypie is
fituate on the declivity of a mountain
between the convent and the port of Scala.
It leads to the church of the Apocalypfe,
which is fupported againft a grotto in
the rocks, and, if we may believe the in-
habitants, was the afylum of St. John,
during his exile at Patmos. Here, they
fay, he wrote the Book of the Revelation ;
and they pretend to fhow the very chinks
in the rocks, through which the Holy
Spirit breathed his inipiration. The
fragments of this rock they affirm to be
a certain fpecific againft a thoufand dii-
orders, and particularly againft evil fpi-
rits. The Greek monks vend this re-
medy as well as the abfolutions. ‘Tourne-
fort, who vilited the Archipelago in 1700,
reprefents the women of Patmos as natu-
rally pretty, and with vanity innocent
enough to render them agreeable to
strangers, were it not for their exceflive
ule of paint, with which they perfectly
disfigured themfclves. A merchant of
Marieilles having married one of them,
for her beauty, they imagined that not a
{tranger could land in their ifland but
with fimilar views; and when this great
botanift declared, that he came not in
fearch of wives, but of plants, they ap-
peared exceedingly furprifed. Their be-
haviour to ftrangers is now the reverfe of
what it was in the time of Tournefort.
The {prightly affiduities of vanity have
given place to a favage fthyne(s; and a
itranger no fooner appears in a itreet, than
every door is clofely fhut again{t him.
Lon. 26 2¢ 8, lat.37 24.N.
Parnas, a large city of Hindoofan
PAV
Proper, capital of Bahar, feated on the $
bank of the Ganges, and fortified in the
Indian manner with a wall and citadel.
In the citadel were confined the prifoners
taken in 1764, by Meer Coffim, nabob
of Bengal, by whofe order they were
maffacred. ‘The buildings are high, but
the ftreets are narrow. It is a place of
confiderable trade, 400 miles Nw of Cal-
cutta. Lon.85 o£, lat.25 35N.
Patromac. See Poromac.
Patrana. See PASTRANA.
Patras, an ancient and flourifhing
town in the Morea, with a Greek arch-
bifhop’s fee. The Jews, who are one
third of the inhabitants, have four fyna-
gogues, and there are feveral handfome
mofques and Greek churches. The Jews
carry on a great trade in filk,: leather,
honey, wax, and cheefe. There are cy-
prefs-trees of a prodigious height, and
excellent pomegranates, citrons, and
oranges. It has been taken and retaken
feveral times; but the Turks are now
matters of it. It is feated on the declivity
of a hill, near the fea, 20 miles sw of
Lepanto. Lon.21 45 £, lat. 38 17. N.
PaTRICa, a town of Italy, in Cam-
pagna di Roma, eight miles & of Oftia.
About a mile from this place is a hill,
called Monte-di-Livano, which fome
have thought to be the ancient Lavinium.
Patrimony OF St. Perer, a pro-
vince of Italy, in the Ecclefiaftical State.
It is 35 miles long and 30 broad ; bounded
on the N by Orvieto, on the £ by Um-
bria and Sabina, on the s by Campagna-
di-Roma, and on the sw by the fea.
Viterbo is the capital.
PaTRINGTON, a town in the k riding
of Yorkshire, with a market on Saturday.
Here the Roman road from the Piéts’
Wallended. It is feated at the mouth
of the Humber, 50 miles se of York,
and 391 N of London. Lon,o 88, lat.
53.49 N.
Patri, a town of Sicily, in the Val-
di-Demona, with a bithop’s fee, feated
on the gulf cf Patti, 28 miles w cf Mef-
fina. Lon.15 22 8, lat.38 11.
Pav, a town ot France, in the de-
partment of the Lower Pyrenees and late
province of Bearn, with a caftle where
Henry 1v was born. It is feated on an
eminence, at the foot of which runs the
Gave, 97 miles s of Bourdeaux. Lon.o
4. Ww, lat.4345N.
Pavia, a tort:fied town of Italy, in
the duchy of Milan, with a celebrated
univerfity, and a bifhop’s fee. It is
texted on the Tefino, over whichis a»
bridge; and in i Cenyags heitows is
&
eee
Pos 3; is: oe nes .
es
é
a
;
f
|
A
4
r €
'
alee
cat
rae
oe
PAU
a caftle, where the ancient dukes of Mi-
Jan refided. It has been often taken and
retaken, the laft time by the Auftrians in
1746. Itis1gmiles s of Milan. Lon.
9 158, lat.45 13N.
PAUL, St. a town of France, ‘in the
department of the Straits of Calais and
late province of Artois, 16 miles WNW
of Arras. Lon.2 308, lat. 50 24.N.
Pau, St. a town cf Brafil, in the
rovince of St: Vincent. It is a kind of
independent republic, compofed of the
banditti of feveral naticns, who, how-
ever, pay tribute to the Portuguefe. It
is furrounded by inacceffible mountains
and thick forefts. Lon. 45 52.Ww, lat. 23
255.
Tiere PanouiLhenns, a town of
France, in the department of Gard and
late province of Languedoc, feated among
mountains, on the river Egli, 30 miles
N of Montpellier. Lon, 3 58£, lat. 44
7N.
PauL-LES-VENCE, St. a town of
France, in the department of Var and
late province of Provence, five miles w
ot Nice, and 450 SE of Paris. Lon.7
IZ £, lat.43 42N.
PaAuL-TROIS-CHATEAUX, ST. an
ancient town of France, in the department
of Drome and late province of Dauphiny
feated on the declivity of a hill, 16 miles
s of Montelimar. Lon.4 57£, lat.44
21N.
~ Pauta, a town of Naples, in Cala-
bria Citeriore, feated near the fea, in a
fertile and well-cultivated country, 12
miles w of Cofenza. Lon.16 9&8, lat.
39 24.N.
Pavoasan, a feaport of Africa, in the
ifle of St. Fhomas, with a fort, a bithop’s
fee, and a good harbour. It belongs to
Portugal, and lies under the equator, in
lon. 8 30 w. ;
PauUSILIPPO, a mountain of Italy,
five miles trom Puzzoli, celebrated for a
grotto, which is a fubterraneous paflage,
through the mountain, near a mile in
length, about 20 feet in breadth, and 30
to 40 in height. People of tathion ge-
merally drive through this paflage with
torches; but ‘the country people find
their way, without much difficulty, by
the light which enters at the extremities,
and at two holes pierced through the
mountain, near the middle of the grotto,
which admit light from above. On this
mountain alfo is the celebrated tomb of
Virgil, overgrown with ivy, and fhaded
- with an ancient bay tree, fhrubs and
‘bufties. : p
** PAUP2K Ry a town of Weftern Prufiia,
PEE
in Pomerellia;25 miles Nw of Dantzick,
Lon. 18 41 E, ‘lat. 54 44.N.
Paz, a town of Peru, in the audience
of Los Charcos, with a bifhop’s fee. It
is feated at the foot of a mountain, ina
valley abounding in wine and fruits, 350
miles se of Cuzco. Lon. 68 50 w, lat.
17 OS.
Pazzy, a town of Turkey in Europe,
in Romania, near Gallipoli, with a th
thop’s fee. Lon. 26 59 Ey lat. 40 33.
PEAK, @ mountainous country in the
Nw part of Derbythire, which abounds
in lead, millftones, and whetftones. It
is much vifited on account of its extraor-
dinary caverns, perforations, and other
curiofities. The ‘* Wonders of the Peak"
have been celebrated both in profe and
verfe; and they are noticed in this work
under the articles Buxton, Caftleton,
Chatfworth, and Tidefwell.
PearL-IsLANDS, iflands lying in the
bay of Panama, in S America. ‘The in-
habitants of Panama have plantations in
them. ;
PEaTHS, or Perse, a vaft chafm in
the mountains of the NE part of Ber.
wickfhire. It is more than 160 feet
deep; and over it is a noble bridge of
four arches. From its vaft height, it
ete refembles an ancient Roman aque-
uct. .
PECQUENCOUR, a town of France,
in the department of the North and late
province of Hainault, feated on the Scarpe,
five miles £ of Douay. ' Lon. 3 16 ¢,
lat. 50 23.N.
Pepge, a river of the United States,
which rifes in N Carolina, and is here
called Yadkin River: on entering § C:-
rolina, it takes the name of Pedee, and
flows into the Atlantic Ocean, 12 miles
below George Town.
PEDENA, an ancient town of Italy, in
Venetian Iftria, with a bifhop’e fee, 25
miles sz of Capo d'Iftria. Lon. 14 30
E, lat.4.5 34.N.
Pepir. a town of Sumatra, in the F
Indies, 40 miles E of Achen. Lon. 96
36 £, lat. 5 22 N.
Prepro, Point, the moft northern
rie of the ifland of Ceylon, oppofite
Point Calymere on the continent of Iidia.
Lon. 80 278, lat.9 52 N.
Pepro, Sr. one of the iflands in the
S Pacific Ocean, called Marquelas. Lon.
133 st w, lat.g 5858.
PEEBLES, an ancient borough, capital
of Peeblefhire, feated on the Tweed, over
which is a bridge. It has manufactures of
carpets and ferges, and a weekly market
for corn and cattle. Before the preient
3
church w
performed
tery, in
are faid td
s of Edi
36 N.
PEEBL#
county of
broad; bo
fhire, on
s by Du
Lanerkfhiy
not much
which are
with falub
of theep a
are the T
PEER,
the biihopi
Maeftricht
PEESE.
Pecna
Cattile, re
and forti
faid to be
on the No
Lon. 4.0
PeGna-
in Beira,,:3
Alcantara
PEGNAR
Old : Catti
Lon. 4 8
Prcu, «
the sz of ]
N by Burr
ocean, and
Its _produé
elephants,
dac, faltpet
very fine .
plenty of le
money. , I)
pulfe, and
arbitrary,
and yet he
‘The inhab:
the beft an
nor ftockin
fairer than
portioned.
hufband m
he go aftra
poiion. 7
temples in
. wood, whic
priefts hav
.they cultiv
they are fai
rality. T
inculcate ¢
affixming t
zick,
lience
It
,ina
» 350
» lat,
ope,
a bi-
3 N.
n the
ounds
It
traor-
other
Peak"
e and
work
leton,
in the
he in-
ons in
fm in
Ber.
> feet
ge of
ht, it
aque-
rance,
d late
carpe,
16 £;
btates,
s here
S Ca-
b, and
miles
Vy in
ey 25
res of
arket
fent
PEG
church was ereéted, divine -fervice was
performed in part of an ancient monaf-
tery, in which feveral kings of , Scotland
are faid to have refided. It is 22 miles
s of Edingburgh. Lon.3 7W, lat. §5
36 .N.
; PEEBLESHIRE, or TWEtEDDALE, a
county of Scotland, 28 miles long and 18
broad; bounded on the n by Edinburg-
fhire, on the BE by Selkirkthive, on the
s by Dumfriesfhire, and on the w by
Lanerkfhire. In this county there is
not much arable land. Its hills (among
which are thofe of Tweed{muir) abound
with falubrious {prings, and feed numbers
of fheep and cattle, The principal rivers
are the Tweed and Lynne. ;
PEER, a town of the Netherlands, in
the bihopric of Liege, 24 miles nuw of
Maeftricht. Lon. 5 20 8, lat. 51 8N.
Perse. See PEaTHs.
PEGNAFIEL, a town of Spain, in Old
Cattile, remarkable for its palace, caftle,
and fortifications; and its cheefes are
faid to be the bett in Spain. It is feated
on the Douero, 20 miles sz of Valladolid.
Lon. 4.0 Wy lat.41 aN.
Pecna-Macor, a town of Portugal,
in Beira,,:with, a caftle, 40 miles Nw of
Alcantara. Lon.6 32 w, lat. 3y son.
PEGNARANDA, a town of Spain, in
Old :Caftile, 30 miles sw of Olmedo.
Lon. 4 8 w, lat. 40 59N.
Prcu, a kingdom of Afia, lying to
the sz of Bengal. It is hounded on the
N by Burman, on the w and s by the
ocean, and on the E by Laos and Siam.
Its products are timber for building,
elephants, elephants teeth, bees’-wax,
dac, faltpetre, iron, lead, tin, petroleum,
very fine rubies, {mall diamonds, and
plenty ef lead, of which they make their
money. , It is very fruitful in corn, roots,
pulfe, and fruits. The government is
arbitrary, for the king’s will is a law;
and yet he does not often abufle his power.
‘The inhabitants are but thinly clad, and
the beit among them wear neither fhoes
nor ftockings. The women are much
fairer than the men, fmail, but well pro-
portioned. If the wife proves falfe, the
hufband may fell her for a flave; and if
he go aftray, the will give him a dofe of
poiion. There are a vaft number of
temples in this country, but moftly of
- wood, which are varnifhed and gilt. The
priefts have ground allowed them, which
.they cultivate for their fubfiftence; and
they are faid to be ftrict obfervers of mo-
rality. They are called Talapoins, and
inculcate charity as the higheft virtue;
affisming that religion to be the beft
PEK
which teaches mento do the’ maft good.
They have idols in their temples, in a fit-
ting pofture, like tajlors, and with very
large ears. ‘They have various forts of
mulic, but the pipe and tabor are efteemed
the beft. In the low flat part of the
country, which is liable to be overflowed,
the houfes are built upon ftakes,' and in
time of inundations, the inhabitants cogg+
municate with each other by boats. Pegu
was an independent kingdom, till 1751,
when it was reduced, by the king of
Burmah, to the ftate of a dependent pro-
vince.
PEGu, a town, in a kingdom of the
fame name, in Afia. It is above 20
miles. in circumference; but not one
twentieth part of it'is inhabited, for it
was stined, by the king of Burmah. It
is feated on a river of the fame name,
520 miles s of Ava. Lon.g6 308, lat.
18 10N.
PEINE, a town of Lower. Saxony, in
the duchy of Brun{wick ;. famous. tor a
battle fought in 1553, when | Maurice,
ele€tor of Saxony, and the margrave of
Brandenburg were killed. It is 17 miles
w of Bruniwick. Lon.10 198; lat, 52
25 N. el ' yes :
Perpus, a large lake of Ruffia, in the
overnment of Livonia. The rive Narova
iflues from this lake, by which it has 2
communication at Narva, with the gulf
of Finland. ms
PEISHORE, or PssHouR, a confider-
able city of :Hindooftan Proper, in the
province of Cabul. It is {ubjeét to the
king of Candahar, and is 50 miles Nw of
Attock. Lon. 69 548, lat. 32 44.N.
PEKIN, the capital of the empire of
China, feated: in a fertile plain, in the
province of Pe-tcheli, 50 miles :rom the
great Wall. It forms an exact fquare,
and is divided into two cities; the firft
inhabited by Chircfe, the fecond by
Tartars. . Thefe two cities, exclufive of
the fuburbs, are computed to be fix
leagues in circumference. The height
and thicknefs of the walls of the Tar-
tar city excite admiration: 12 horfemen
might eafily ride abreaft on them; and
there are {pacious towers, a bowfhot dif-
tant from each other. The gates of this
city are high and well arched, fupportin
buildings of nine ftories high; the lowef
of whic's is for the foldiers when they
come off guard: they are nine in number,
and before each is an open fpace, which
ferves for a parade. ‘The ftreets are per-
fe&tly ftraight, moft of them three miles
in length, and 120 feet wide, with fhops
on both fides; but the houfes are noorly
Gg
*
HN
p
f
,
‘
.
3
4
t
»
;
|
i
j
i
}
}
|
PEL
Built, and have only a ground-floor. It
is {urprifing to fee vohat numbers of people
theve are in the ftreets, and not one
woman among them. There is always
@ great confufion, occafioned by the vatt
numbers of horfes, camels, mules, affes,
waggons, carts, and chairs, without reek-
oning the feveral mobs which gathes about
ol jugglers, ballad-fingers, &c. Per-
ons of diftinttion have always a horfe-
man who goes before them to clear the
way. Albl the ‘great ftreets are guarded
by {foldiers, who patrole night and day
with {words by their fides, and whips in
their hands, to chaftife thofe who make
any difturbance, or take them into cuftody.
‘Fhe ‘little ftreets have lattice-gates at
their entrance into the great ftreets, whith
are fhut up at night, and guarded by
foldiers, who faffer no affemblies in the
itreets at that time. . The emperor's pa-
Jace and garden is furrounded by a brick
wall, two miles in length, with pavilions
at each corner, encompaffed by-galleries
fupported by columns; the architecture
of the ftupendous pile of buildings of
which the palace confifts, is intirely dif-
ferent from that of the Europeans ; and
they are covered with tiles of a thining
beautiful yellow. The temples, and the
towers 3: this city, are fo numerous, that
it is difficult to count them. The country
about it is fandy, and not very fruitful ;
yet provifions of all kinds are exceedingly
plentiful, they’ being, as well as the mer-
‘chandife, brought’ from. other ‘parts by
canals cut trom the rivers, and always
crowded with vetlels of different fizes. An
earthquake, which happened here in 1731,
buried above 100,000 perfons in the ruins
of the houfes. The inhabitants of Pekin
are eftimated at 2,000,000. A Ruffian
church is eftablifhed here with a feminary,
in which the ftudents are permitted to
‘refide for the purpofe of learning the
Chinefe language. Since this eftablith-
ment, many interefting publications have
appeared at Peterfburgh, relative to the
laws, hiftary, and geography of China,
tranilated trom the criginals publithed
at Pekin. This city is 500 miles N by
-w of Nanking. Lon. 116 148, lat. 39
54.N.
PeLEGRINO, Mount, a promontory
en the N -coait of the ifland of Sicily,
nearly two miles w of Palermo. ‘The
profpest from this mount is beautiful and
extenGve; moft of the Lipari lands are
diicovered in a clear day, and alfo a
large portion of Mount Etnay although at
the diftance of ahnoft the whole length of
Sicily. On this mount 18 a cavern, in
PEL
which is the’ image of St. Rofolia, whs
is faid to have died here; and round the
cave of this faint (who is the patrone(s
of Palermo} a church is built, where
priefts attend, to watch the precious
relics, and receive the offerings of the
pilgrims
Priew Fsnanps, a clufter of iflands
in the N Pacific Ocean, lying between
130 and 936° £ lon. and 5 and 9° N lat,
Captain Wilfon, of the Antelope E In.
dia packet, who was wrecked here in
1783, found the natives {imple in their
manners, delicate in their fentiments,
friendly in their difpofition, and, in fine,
2 people that do honour to the human
race. The aftonifhment which thofe,
who firft difeovered the Englifh, ani.
feted on feeing their colour, plainly
fhowed, that they had never before feen
awhiteman. The clothes of the ftrangers
alfo puzzled them exceedingly; for it
feemed to be a matter of doubt with them,
whether thefe and their bodies did: not
form one fubftance. When the captain's
brother was deputed to wait upon the
king, who refided on an ifland at fome
diftance from that on which they had faved
their lives, he accidentally pulled off his
hat, at which the gazing f{peétators were
all ftruck with aftonifhment, as if the
thought it had formed a part of his head.
They had no idea of the nature of powder
and fhot, and were exceedingly amazed
on feeing ‘its effects. Their principal
arms confift of bamboo darts, from ve
to eight feet long, pointed with the wood
of the betel-nut tree; but there are fhort
ones for diftant marks, which are thrown
by means of a ftick two feet long. The
chiefg wear a bone round one of their
wrifts, in the form of a bracelet, which
being a mark of great honour conferred
by the king on aifeors of ftate, command.
ers, or perions, who by valour, or other-
wife, have greatly diftinguifhed them-
felves, is never to be parted with but with
life. ‘They are not alle. the fame degree,
as appeared from a difference in the bone
they wore. Captain Wilfon was invefted
with the bigheft order of the bone. With
refpect to property in thefe iflands, a
man’s houle, or canoe, is confidered as his
own, as is alfo the land allotted to him,
as long as he occupies and cultivates it;
but whenever he removes with his family
to another place, the ground reverts to the
king, who gives it'to whom hepleafes. The
country is well covered with timber trees,
the trunks of which furnith the natives
with canoes, fome large enough to carry
jo men, There are but. few other trees
of much
cocoa-nuts
tubliftence
molt care.
the cquntr
the inhabi
of the cac
On particy
ordinary f4
{weet beve
fyrupy ex
tree or the
raifed abou
the foundat
ftonesy wh
ports of th
other timbe
ened by
iyace being
and palm-
The teps o
bamboos ay
is without ¢
room. As
have little b
flips of th
batkets wit]
laid with fhi
without a b
fome betel-
little twine
of a piece
oytter, ae
fide a little
made of the
are a few of
and teeth ar
The fithing
and twine, ¢
manufacture
coa-nut. O
mats, whic!
They alfo i
inftead of a |
nut fupplies
are vefiels o
reddifh brov
their fifh, yz
nut hufks, |
thick bamb
inches in di
cifterns. ‘J
remarkably
have difcov
into little 1
Some of the
lets of the
rings inlaid
in general,
rather above
a deep coppr
aad general
1, Whs
ind the
trone{s
where
Frecious
of the
iflands
etween
Nn lat,
E In.
ere in
n their
ments,
in fine,
human
thofe,
ani-
plainly
re feen
‘angers
for it
1 them,
id: not
ptain’s
on the
t fome
1 faved
off his
'$ were
f the
3 hea
bowder
mazed
ncipal
m five
wood
fhort
hrown
The
their
which
ferred
mand.
other.
them.
with
egree,
b bone
vetted
With
ds, a
as his
him,
es it;
amily
to the
The
trees,
htives
carry
trees
oe may
PEL
of much ufe to the natives. Yams and
cocoa-nuts, being their chief articles of
{ublifttence, are attended to with the ut-
molt care. From the f{canty produce of
the cquntry, no luxury can reign among
the inhabitants in their diet, and the milk
of the cqcoa-nut is their commpn drink.
On particular occafions, they add to their
ordinary fare, certain {weeimeats, and a
{weet beverage, obtained by the aid of a
fyrup, extracted either from the pilm-
tree or the fugar-cane. The houfes are
raifed about three feet from the ground,
the foundation beans being laid on large
ftones, whence {pring the upright fup-
ports of their fides, which are croiled by
other timbers grooved together, and fatt-
ened by wooden pins, the intermediate
iyace being clofely filled up with bainboos
and palm-tree leaves, platted together.
The tops of the houfes are thatched with
bamboos and palm leaves; and the infide
is without any divifion, forming one great
room. As to domeftic implements, they
have little bafkets, very nicely woven from
fips of the plantain-tree, and wooden
baikets with covers, neatly cafved and in-
laid with fhells. No one ever ftirs abroad
without a bafket, which ufually contains’
fome bétel-nut, a comb, knife, and a
little twine. The beft knives are made
of a piece of the large mother-of-pearl
oyfter, ground naryow, and the outward
fide a little polithed. The combs are
made of the orange-tree, of which there
are a few of the Seville kind; the handle
and teeth are faftened in the folid wood.
The fithing-hooks are of tortoife-fhell ;
and twine, cord, and fithing-nets, are well
manufactured from the huiks of the £0-
coa-nut. Of the plajntain leaf are formed
mats, which ferve the people as beds,
They alfo uf a pjaintain leaf at meals,
inftead of a plate ; and the fhell of a cocoa-
nut fupplies the place of a cup. There
are veflels of a kind of earthen ware, of a
teddifh brown colour, in which they boil
their fith, yams, &c. A bundle of cocoa-
nut hufks, ferves them for a broom; and
thick bamboos, with bores five or fix
inches in diameter, are their buckets or
cifterns. The hell of the tortoife is here
remarkably beautiful; and the natives
have difcovered the art of moulding it
into little trays or difhes, and f{poons.
Some of the great Jadies have alfo brace-
lets of the fame manufaéture, and ear-
rings inlaid with hells. The natives,
in general, are ftout and well made,
rather above the middling ftature, and of
a deep copper colour. Their hair is long,
aad generally formed into ope large leofs
PEM
curl round their heads. The men are
intirely naked; but the women wear two
little aprons, one before, the other be-
hind. Both fexes are tattowed, and have
their teeth made black by art. They are
very expert at {wimming; and the men
are fuch admirable divers, that they wil
readily fetch up any thing from the bot-
tom of the fea. Such an opinion had the
king of the ifland entertained of the
Englifh, that, on their departure, he {uf-
tere’ his fecond fon, Lee Boo, to accom-
pany them to England, where this hope-
ul youth unhappily died of the fmallpox
in 1784. Tihe E India Company eretted
@ monument over his grave in Rotherhithe
churchyard. Thedfe iflands are encircled
on the w fide by a reef of caral.
PELISsSA, a town of Lower Hungary,
capital of a county of the fame name. It
is feated near the Danube, 15 miles N of
Buda. Lon. 18 208, lat.47 40N.
PELLA, a town of Turkey in Europe,
in Janna, 50 miles w of Salonichi, Lon.
21 §3E, lat. go q1.N,
Petoso, a town of Naples, in Bafili-
cata, 35 miles w of Bari. Lon. 16 208,
lat.41 26.
PEMBAy a town of Congo, capital of
@ province of the fame name. Lon. 18
258, lat.7 305.
PEMBRIDGE, a town in Herefordthire,
with a market on Tuelday, feated on
the Arrow, 12 miles Nw of Hereford,
and 145 wNw of London. Lon. 2 42 Ww,
lat. 52 14.N.
PEMBROKE, the capital of Pembreke-
fhire, with a market on Saturday. It is
feated on the innermoft creek of Milford
Haven, over which are two bridges, but
the navigation to it is hecome injured’ by
the rubbith of the Jimeftoue quarries. near
it. It is furrounded by a wall with three
gates, has a caftle on a rock, and two
churches. Jt is governed by 2 mayor,
fends one member to parliament, and is 10
miles s£ of Havertordweft, and 237 w by
N of London. Lon. 4 55 W; lat. 51 43.
PEMBROKESHIRE, a county of $
Wales, 37 miles long and 28 broad; fur-
rounded on all fides by the fea, except
on the £, where it is bounded by Car-
marthenfhire, and Cardiganfhire. It
contains five market-towns and 145 pay
rifhes, and fends three members to par-
liament, The principal rivers are the
E and W Cledheu. great part of the
county is plain, and tolerably tertile, con-
fting of rich meadow and arable land,
he Nz part alone.is mountainous ; which,
however, yields ‘good paftire for theep
and cattle. ,
Gey
rn ern a a eS
ST TC LT LL EEL
cS
ARE RR ti RE PEI
PS NSE
PEN
Pewa Garcia, a town of Por |,
in Beira, with a caftle. It was taken by
Philip v in 17045 but he retired from it
at the approach of the allies. It is fix
miles — of Idanha Velha. Lon.6 6w,
lat. 39 40N.
PENALVA, a town of Portugal, in
Beira, {eated on a hill, with a caftle, eight
miles.s of Coimbra. Lon. 8 17 Ww, lat.
40 4.N.
PENAUTIER, a town of France, in the
department of Aude and late province of
Languedoc, four miles N of Carcaflonne.
Lon.2 2565, lat. 43 18N.
PENDENNIS, a caftle im Cornwall,
on ahill of the fame name, on Falmouth
Bay. It was built by Henry vii for
the fecurity of the coaft; and on the op-
fite fide of the bay is another called St.
awes.. It is a little to the.sE of Fal-
mouth.
PENEMUNDER, a fortrefs of Germany,
in Pruffian Pomerania, feated in the ifle
of Ufedom, at the mouths of the Pene
and Oder, in the Baltic Sea. Lon. 14
TOE, lat. 54 16 N.
Pencuin IsuanpD and Bay, on the
coaft of Patagonia, 182 miles N of Port
St. Julian. Lat.47 48s.
PENICHE, a ftrong town of Portugal,
in Eftramadura, with a good harbour and
a citadel, 34 miles N of Lifbon. Lon. 9
§£, lat.39 16N.
PENICK, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Mifnia, belonging to the elector of Sax-
ony. Jt is feated on the Multe, eight
miles £ of Altenburg. Lon. 12 44 8,
lat. 50 59 N.
PENISCOLA, a town of Spain, in Va-
Jencia, feated on a high point of land, on
the Mediterranean, 60 miles N of Valen-
cia. Lon.1 08, lat.40 29N.
PENKRIDGE, a town in Staffordfhire,
with a market on Tuefday. It was tor-
inerly a large place, but now’ greatly re-
duced, and principally noted for its horfe
fairs. It is fix miles s of Stafford, and
129 NW of London. Lon.2 ow, lat. 52
54N-
PENMAENMAWR, @ once tremendous
precipice in Carnarvonfhire, overhanging
the fea; but now fafely croffed by a good
road. . It is four miles sw of Abercon-
way.
PENNAFLOR, a town of Spain, in
Afturias, feated on the Afta, 14 miles
sw of Oviedo. Lon. § 56 Ww, lat. 43
agN. ‘
'PENNAFLOR, a’town of Spain, in
Andalufia, feated near the Xeni, 70 miles
N of Ecjia. Lon. 4 12 wy: lat. 37’ 44.N:
PENNAR, a river in the peninfula~of
PEN
Hindooftan, which flows by Gooty, Gan.
dicotta, Cuddapah, and Vellore, and en
ters the bay of Bengal, at Gangapatnam,
PENNON, a fort of Africa, feated ona
fmall ifland before the harbour of Algiers,
PENNON DE VELEZ, avery important
feaport of Barbary, feated on a rock in
the Mediterranean, near the town ot
Velez. It was built by the Spaniards in
1508, taken by the Moors in 1522, and
retaken in 1664. It is 75 miles E of
Ceuta. Lon.4 ow, lat. 35 25N.
PENNSYLVANIA, one of the United
States of America, 290 miles long and
156 broad; bounded on the E by the river
Delaware, dividing it from W Jerfey and
New York; on the s by Virginia, Mary.
land, and Delaware; on the w by Vir.
ginia and the Weftern Territory ; and cn
the Nw by Lake Erie, on which it has
a confiderable front, and a good port,
lying within 200,000 acres of land pur-
chaled of congrefs by this ftate. It is
divided into 20 counties; and is well
watered by the Delaware, and other na-
vigable rivers, on which large fhips come
up into the heart of the province. Its
produce is corn, cattle, timber, potafh,
wax, fkins, and furs; and they export to
the W India iflands falted beet, pork,
fith, and pipeftaves. Philadelphia is the
capital,
PrenosscorT, a hay of N America, in
the diltri€&t of Main, at the mouth of the
river Penobi{cot. It is long and capaci.
ous}; and its E fide is lined with a alhites
of finall iflands.
PENRISE, a feaport in Glamorgan.
fhire, with a market on Thuriday. It is
feated on the Briftol Channel, 20 miles
sé of Carmarthen, and 219 w of London.
Lon. 4 12 Wy dat. 51 37 Ne
PENRITH, a town in Cumberland,
with a market on Tuefday, feated under
a hill, near the rivers Eymot and Lowther.
It has a f{pacious market-place, and 4
caftle; and feveral remains of antiquity
are feen in its neighbourhood. It is 13
miles s of Carlifle, and 280 NNW of Lon-
don. Lon. 2 52 w, lat. 54 40N.
PENRYN, a borough in Cornwall, with
a market on Wednefday, Friday, and
Saturday. - It is {cated ona creek of Fal-
mouth Haven, has a great trade in the
pilchard and Newfoundland fitheries, is
governed by-a mayor, and fends two
members to parliament. It is three miles
Nw of Falmouth, and:266 w by s of
London.: Lon. 4 59 Wy lat. 50 10 N.
--PENSACOLA, the capital of W Flo-
rida, feated on a bay of the gulf of Mex-
i¢o,- which forms a ‘very commodjous
harbou
from e
42 Ne
PEN
in Cory
It is fe
was bu
has be
{idcrab
the tin
overng
; of th
Londo
PEN
with a
for its
the Cl
117 W
lat. 51
PEN
merly a
of the §
where }
miles $
PEN
divides
nefsfhir
long an
thole
tides a
the Pe
at the E
PEN’
tains, il
ten mil
PEQ
departr
of Pics
betwee!
ward 1
built f
the riv
ville.
PER
where
fide.
feveral
there a
Europ
Per
the de
vince |
wines;
Pet
goverr
* Lon. :
PE!
Orleai
bounc
Ww an
Beau
and i
Vy Gan.
and en
ipatnam,
ated on q
Algiers,
Nportane
rock in
town of
liards in
22, and
es E of
te
United
ong and
the river
rfey and
» Mary.
by Vir.
- and on
h it has
id port,
nd pur-
It is
is well
her na-
PS coine
e. Its
potath,
xport to
» pork,
a is the
rica, jn
of the
capaci.
piles
rgan.
It is
D miles
ondon,
erland,
under
wther.
and 4
iquity
t is 13
f Lon-
» with
9 and
bf Fal-
in the
les, is
is two
miles
s of
IN.
Flo-
Mex-
jous
PER
harbour, where veffels may ride fecure
from every wind. Lon. 85 24W, lat. 30
2Ne
; PENSANCE, or PENZANCE, a feaport
in Cornwall, with a market on Thuriday.
It is feated on a creek of Mountfbay, and
was burnt by the Spaniards in 1593, but
has been rebuilt, and carries on a con-
fi4zrable trattic in thipping. It is one of
the tin-coinage towns, and 2 corporation,
governed by a mayor. It is 12 miles
t of the Land's End, and 281 w by s of
London. Lon. § 35 W, lat. 50 11 N.
PENSFORD, a town in Somertethhire,
with a market on Tuefday. It is noted
for its hats and bread, and feated on
the Chew, feven miles w of Bath, and
117 Ww bys of London. Lon.2 30w,
lat. §1 23 .N.
PENZA, a government of Ruffia, for-
merly a province of Kafan. Its capital,
of the fame name, is feated on the Sura,
where it receives the rivulet Penza, 220
miles sw of Kafan.
PENTLAND FRrituH, a ftrait which
divides the Orkney Iflands from Caith-
nefsthire, in Scotland. It is 20 miles
long and 10 broad, and very dangerous to
thofe who are not well acquainted with its
tides and currents; efpecially in pafling
the Pentland Skerries, a clufter of rocks
at the E entrance of the frith.
PENTLAND HILLS, a ridge of moun-
tains, in Edinburghfhire, extending about
ten miles from sw to NE.
PEQUIGNY, a town of France, in the
department of Somme and late province
of Picardy; remarkable for the interview
between Lewis x1 of France and Ed-
ward rv of England, in 1475, on a bridge
built for that purpofe. It is feated on
the river Somme, 15 miles sz of Abbe-
ville. Lon.2 5 £, lat.49 58N.:
Pera, a fuburb of Conttantinople, —
where the foreign ambaffadors uiually re-
fide. It is inhabited by Chriftians of
fevera] denominations; and wine is fold
there as publicly as in any other part of
Europe, which is not allowed in the city.
Peray, St. a village of France, in
the department of Ardeche and late pro-
vince of Dauphiny.’ It.is noted for its
wines, ar! is 21 miles Nw of Privas.
PERCASLAW; a town of Ruiiia, in the
government of Kiof,'44. miles. sz of Kiof,
Lon. 31 50.£;. lat. 59,0.N.
PERcHE,’ia late province of France,.in
Orleanois,*35 miles-Iong and 30 broad;
bounded on tht. hy. Normandy): on:the
w and s by Mpiné} and. on the 5. by
Beauce.' Ft 'takes:4ts name from, a foreft,
and is pretty fertile. It now forms,
PER
with part of Normandy, the department
of Orne.
Perexor. See Precop.
* PERECZAS, a town of Upper Hungary
capital of a county of the fame name, 50
miles E by N of Tockay. Lon. 22 26k,
lat. 48 30 N.
PerGa, a town of Turkey in Europe,
in Albania, oppofite the ifland of Coriu.
Lon. 20 19, lat. 39 40N.
PERGAMO, an ancient town of Nato-
lia, with a bifhop's fee; now half ruined,
and inhabited by about 3000 Turks, and
a few families of poor Chriftians. Here
parchinent was invented. It is feated on
the Germafti, 15 miles from its mouth,
and 37 Nof Smyrna. Lon. 27 278, lat.
39.5 N.
PERIGORD, a late province of France,
83 miles long and 60 broad; bounded on
the N by Angoumois and Marche, on the
E by Querci and Limofin, on the s by
Agenois and Bazodois, and on the w by
Bourdelois, Angoumois, and Saintonge.
It abounds in iron-mines, and the air ‘is
pure and healthy. It now forms the de-
partment of Dordogne.
PERIGUEUX, an ancient town of
France, capital of the department of Dor-
dogne and late province of Perigord, with
a bifhop’s fee, the ruins of a temple of
Venus, and an amphitheatre. It is feated
on the river Ifle, 50 miles sw of Limoges.
Lon. o 48 £, lat.45 11N.
PerM, a government of Ruffia, for-
merly a province of Kaian. It is divided
into two provinces: namely Perm, the
capital of which is of the fame. name,
feated on the river Kama, where it re-
ceives the Zc, ochekha; and-Catharinén-
burgh, the capital of which is of the fame
name; feated near the fource of the river
Iilel.. vis
_ PeRNAMBUCOQ, a province of Brafil,
200 miles long and 150 broad; bounded
on the N by Tamara, on the g by the
the Atlantic, on the s by Seregippe, and
on the w by ‘Tapuyers. The Dutch be-
came matters of it in 16303 but the Por-
tuguele retook it. It produces a great
quantity of fugar and Brafil wood.
PERNE, atown of }rance, in the de-
peincn of the Mouths of the Rhoue and
ate province of Provence. It is the birth-
place of the celebrated orator Flechier,
‘bifhop of Nimes, and a little to the W
of Apt. - ; ,
PERNEAU; a town of Ruffia, in the
government -of | Livonia, with a: cattle.
It ig feated neay@he mouth of a riversdf
the {ante name, 96 miles N of Riga. Loi.
23 37 E, lat. 58 26N.
Gg4
PER
PeRnes, a ftrong town of France, in
the department of the Straits of Caluis
and late province of Artois, feated on the
Clarence, 17 miles Nw of Arras. Lon.
231 E, lat. 50 29 N.
PERONN®, a ftrong town of France, in
the department of Somme and late pro-
vince of Picardy. It is called the Virgin,
becaule it has never been taken, though
often befieged. The caftle is remarkable
for the imprifonment of Charles the Sim-
ple, who here miferably died; and in this
cattle the duke of Burgundy detained
Lewis x1 three days, till he contented to
fign a difadvantageous treaty. It is
feated on the Somme, 27 miles sw of
Cambray, and 80 £ by N of Paris. Lon.
328, lat. 49 55 N.
PERousA, a town of Piedmont, the
chief place of a valley of the fame name.
It is teated on the Clufon, 16 miles sw
of Turin. Lon. 718 £, lat. 44 59 N.
PERPIGNAN, a town of France, ca-
ital of the department of the Eaftern
yrenees and late province of Rouffillon,
with a good citadel, a univerfity, and a
bifhop’s fee. It is feated on the Tet,
over which is a bridge, 100 miles sz of
Bourdeaux. -Lon. 3 0 £, lat. 42 41 N.
PERSEPOLIS, anciently the capital of
the Perfian empire. It was taken by
Alexander the Creat, who laid it in ruins,
being irritated, according to Diodorus, at
the fight of 800 Greeks, whom the Per-
fians had cruelly mutilated. Othei‘s fay,
that being intoxicated, he was inftigated
by the courtezan Thais, to fet it on fire.
Its magnificent ruins are 50 miles NE of
Schiras, and 200 se of Ifpahan. Lon.
56 20 £, Jat. 30 10 N.
PERSHORE, a town in Worcefterfhire,
with a market on Tuefday, feated on the
Avon, nine miles FSE of Worcefter, and
102 WNw of ‘London. Lon. 1 44 w,
lat. 52 4.N. ms
Persia, a large kingdom of Afia, con-
fiiting of feveral provinces, which, at‘dif-
ferent times, have had: their particular
kings. It is bounded on the n'by
Georgia, the Cafpian Sea, and Ufbec
Tartary; on the w by Turkey and
Arabia’;.on the s by the gulfs of ‘Perfia
and Ormus, and the Arabian Sea; and ‘on
the & by ‘Hindoottan Proper. It is 1220
miles from’: to w,'and goo from W to s.
The chief ‘rivers are the Tigris and
Amuc. ‘ Inthe n and E parts it is moun
tainous and cold; in the middle and: se
arts fandy'and defert;:in ‘thes and w,
fevel and extremely fertile, ‘though for
feveral:months very hot. “The foil pro-
;
PER
duces all forts of pulfe and corn, execpt
oats and rye. In feveral places, naptha,
-a fort of bitumen, rifes out of the ground;
and there are mines of gold, filver, iron,
turcois ftones, and falt; but the firft
two of thefe are not worked, on account
of the fearcity of wood. Among the'pro-
duéts of Perfia that are peculiarly ex.
cellent, are dates, ‘piltachio-nuts, ad
oppies, that produce the fineft opium.
They have extenfive plantations of mul-
berry-trees for filkworms; and large
flocks of'fheep and goats. ‘Their camels,
horfes, mules, affes, oxen, and buffaloes,
are the beft of their kind, and are indif-
ferently ufed for carrying paflengers or
burdens, the horfes excepted, which are
only ufed for the faddle. ‘The principle
manufactures are filks, as fatins, tabbies
‘taffetas, and filk mixed with cotton, or
with camels or goats hair; brocades, gold
tiffues, and gold velvet, carpets, calicoes,
camlets, &c. ‘Their dying is preferred
to any thing of the Kin in Europe.
During almoft the whole of this century,
Pesfia has been defolated by competitors
for the fovereignty. On the affaifination
of the ufurper, Nadir Shah, in 1747,
Ahmed Abdalla, one of his generals,
founded the kingdom of Candahar, to
which he annexed the provinces of Ko-
rafan and Segeftan, in the £ part of Perfia,
and thofe provinces of Hindooftan Proper,
w of the Indus, that had been ceded by
the great mogul, in 1737; to Nadir Shah.
Kerim Khan, another of Nadir’s officers,
obtained the fovereignty of all the fouthern
provinces. He transferred the feat of go-
vernment from If{pahan to Schiras. He
refufed the title ot. Shah, or king, being
fatisfied with that of ‘Proteftor of Perfia,
He was beloved ‘by his {ubjects, and re-
vered by foreign powers. On his death,
in 1779, new competitors for the throne
{prung up; and have almott ever fince cons
tinued: to {pread' flaughter and defolation
over this unhappy country. “The Perfians
are generally Mahdémetans; of the fect of
Ali. - I{pahan is the capital. -
Rersta, Gur oF, a‘gulf between
Perfia‘and Arabia Felix. ‘The entrance
near Ormus is not above 30 miles over;
but. within‘it is 180 in breadth, and the
length. ‘frony Ormus to the mouth of the
Euphrates’ is ‘42 miles.
ERTH, the capital'of Perthfhire, feated
onthe Tay, over which is an elegant
bridge of ‘nine arches.’ It has two
churches, or¢ of which:belonged formerly
to a fine abbey. Perth ‘has ‘been the re-
fidence of the fovereigns of Scotland,.and
yhe feat 0
courts O
this plac
{mall ve
partment
and late
n of Aix
30 Ey lat.
PERU,
bounded
w by the
Chilz, and
1500 miles
to W, bu
broader.
parts; but
tains are n
fively. Th
of the mot
fea; but n
in Europe.
for its mi
quickfilver
is extracte
Guancabe:
Bark, the
known, is
The fierce
. puma and
and tiger's
ing neithe
former, no
ter: they a
often turn
ance of ref
lama, pec!
to dometti
Vians. Ir
40 a deers
PER
rhe feat of the parliament and of the fupreme
courts of jultice. The tide comes up to
this place, and the river is navigable for
{mall vetlels. Here is a great linen and
cotton manufacture. Perth is 30 males
n of Edinburgh. Loniy'3 27 w, lat.
56 22 N.
PERTHSHIRE, a county of Scotland,
founded on the Nn by the shires of In-
vernels and Aberdeen; on the E by
Angusthire and the frith of Tay; on
the s by the counties of Fife, Kinyofs,
Clackmannan, and Stirling; and on the
w by Argylethire. It extends 60 miles
from E to Wy, and nearly the fame from
yros. Thenortherndiftri&t, called Athol,
is mountaingus, and contains fome lakes.
PextH AmBoy, a feaport of the
United States, in New Jerfey, feated on
4 neck of land, between the river Raritan
,and Arthur Kull Sound. It lies open to
Sandy Hook, and is one of the beft har-
bours on the continent. It is25 miles
sw of New York. Lon, 75 ow, lat. 40
N.
penrure, a town of France, in the de-
partment of the Mouths of the Rhone
and late province of Provence, 10 miles
n of Aix and 27 of Marfeilles. Lon. 5
36 EB, lat. 43 44 .N.
PERU, a large country of S America,
bounded on the N by Popayan, on the
w by the Pacifie Ocean, on the s by
Chils, and on the E by the Andes. It is
1500 miles from N to s, and 125 from x
to w, but in fome places it is much
broader. Jt never rains in the fouth
parts; but in the north, where the moun-
tains are not {o'high, it often rains excef-
fively. There are large forefts on the fides
of the mountains which advance near the
fea; but none of the trees are like thofe
in Europe. Peru has been long celebrated
for its mines of gold and filver, all the
quickfilver ufed in the refining of which
is extracted trom the famous mine of
Guancabelica. Quinquina, or Jefuits
Bark, the virtues of which are {fo well
known, is found only in this country.
The fierceft beaits of prey in Peru are the
. puma and jaquar, inaccurately called lions
and tigers by the Europeans, but poffeff-
ing neither the undaunted courage of the
former, nor the ravenous cruelty of the lat-
ter: they are hardly formidable toman, and
often turn their backs on the leaft appear-
ance of refiftance. A quadruped, called the
lama, peculiar to this country, was tamed
to domettic purpofes by the ancient Peru-
Vians. In fou it beays fome refemblance
4oa deer; and fome to a camel, aad is of
PER
a fize fomewhat larger than a fheep. Ite
wool furnifhed the Peruvians with clothing,
its flefh with food. It was even employed
as a beaft of burden, and carried a mo-
derate lgad with much patience and doci-
lity; but it was never uled for draught.
Among the birds, the moft remarkable is
the condor, which is entitled to preemi-
nence over the flying tribe, in bulk,
ftrength, and courage. The riyey Guya-
quil abounds with alligators, and the
neighbouring tga {warms almoft as
much with inakes and vipers as that round
Porto Bello does with toads. When the
Spaniards landed in this country in 1530,
they found it governed by fovereigns called
Incas, who were revered by their fubjects
as divinities; and the inhabitants were
found to be much more polifhed than the
natives of other parts of America, thofe of
Mexico excepted. Thefe were foon fub-
dued by a few Spaniards, under the com-
mand of Francis Pizarro. Peru is inha-
bited by the Spaniards, the native Ame~
ricans, and a mixture arifing from hoth,
called Meftics. The native Americans,
who live among the forefts, form, as it
were, fo many {mall republics, which are
directed by a Spanith prieft, and by their
governor, affifted by the original natives,
who ferve as officers. They have no
diftruft, for they leave the doors of their
huts always open, though they have
cotton, calabafhes, and a fort of aloes, of
which they make thread, and feveral other
{mall matters that they trade with, which
might be eafily ftole.. They go naked,
and paint their bodies with a red drug,
called rocu. The fame man is of all
trades, for he builds his own hut, con-
ftruéts his own canoe, and weaves his
own cloth; but if a large houfe is to be
built for common ule, every one lends a
helping hand. Their tkin is of a red
copper colour; and they have no beard
nor hair on any part of their bodies ex-
cept their heads, where it is black, long,
and coarfe. Thofe that are not much ex-
pofed to-the weather, are of a lighter
colour than the reft. The natives who
live at Quito feem to be of a different
temper; tor they are extremely idle, and
fo tupid, that they will fit whole days.to-
gether upon their heels, without ftirring
or fpeaking. ‘Their garment is a fort ot
a fack, with holes to put their arms
through; and this is given them by their
matters as part of their wages. The
Meftics, though illegitimate, have all the
privileges of a Spaniard, and are the
perfons who carry on all trades; for the
2
ae
:
EB
i
\
; »:
P
i
i
i
PES
Spaniards think it beneath them to meddle
with any thing of this fort: they behave
in a more tyrannical manner over the real
Americans, than even the Spaniards them-
jelves, iniomuch that the governor is
obliged to repreis their infolence. Peru
is now divided into three great audiences,
which are Quito, Limo or Los Reyes,
and Los Charcos; the whole under the
government of a viceroy, whofe authority
“once extended over all S America pol-
fefled by the Spaniards: but as lome of the
countries in this vatt juri(dition are above
2000 miles diitant ‘rom the fupreme feat
of jultice at Lima, the inhabitants were
fubjeét to the greateft inconveniences; to
remedy which two new viceroyalties have
been eftablithed. ‘The firlt, is fixed at
St. Fé de Bogota, the capital of the
new kingdom of Granada, and extends
over the whole of Te.ra Firma, and the
audience of Quito. In the juriidi¢tion
of the fecond, eltablifhed in 1776, are
the provinces of Plata, Buenos Ayres,
Paraguay, Tucuman, Potofi, St. Cruz
de la Sierra, and the towns of Mendoza
and St. Juan. Lima is thecapital. See
ANDES.
PeruciA, an ancient and populous
city of Italy, capital of Perugino, with
a {trong citadel, a univerfity, and a
bifhop’s fee. The churches, and many
other buildings, public and private, are
very handfome. It is feated on a hill,
75 miles N of Rome. Lon. 12 20 £, lat.
43 6N.
Peruaia, a lake of Italy, eight miles
from the city-of that name, in the pro-
vince of Perugino. It is almoft round,
five miles in diameter, and in it are three
iflands.
PERUGINO, a.province of Italy, in the
Ecclefiattical State, bounded on the w by
Tufcany, on the s by Orvietans, on the
w by the duchies of Spoleto and Urbino,
and on the N by the county of Citta
Cattellana. It is 25 miles in length, and
near as much in breadth. The air is
pure, and the foil fertile in corn and good
wine, The capital is Perugia.
Pesaro, atown of Italy, in the duchy
of Urbino, with a bifhop’s fee. It isa
a large place, and the itreets are paved
with bricks. The cattle is well fortified,
the harbour excellent; and the cathedral
magnificent. The environs are remark-
able for producing good figsy of which
large qaantities are fent to Venice. '’ It
is éateedl on dn eminence, at the mouth of
the Foglia, on the gulf of Venice, 17
‘miles-eNE of Urbino, and-14o of Rothe,
Lon, 13 2 £, lat. 43 52 N.
PET
PEscara, a ftrong town of Naples,
in Abruzzo Citeriore. It is feated at the
mouth of a river of the fame name, on
the gulf of Venice, eight miles BE by 5
of Civita-di-Penna, and 100 NE of Naples,
Lon. 15 2 Ey fut. 42 27 N.
PESCHIERA, a town of Italy, in the
Veronefe, with a caftle, and a ftrong fort.
It was taken by the French in July 1796,
It is feated on the Mincio, which proceeds
from the lake Garda, 16 miles w of Ve.
rona. Lon. 11 4 8, lat. 45 26 N.
PESENAS, an ancient town of France,
in the department of Herault and late
province of Languedoc. It is delightfully
feated on the river Pein, 12 miles NE of
Beziers. Lon. 3 34 8, lat. 43 28 N.
Pest, a town of Upper Hungary, ca.
pital of a county of the fame name, feated
on the Danube, oppofite Buda, 85 miles
SE of Prefburg. Lon. 18 25 B, lat. 47
24.N.
PETAW, an ancient town of Germany,
in the duchy of Stiria, feated on the
Drave, 109 miles 5 of Vienna. Lon. 15
36 E, lat. 46 40 N.
Pe-TCHELI, TCHELI, or L1-PA-FOU,
the principal province of China, bounded
on the Nn by the gyeat Wall and part of
Tartary, on the E by the Yellow Sea, on
the s by Chang-tong and Honan, and on
the w by the mountains of Chan-fi. It
contains nine cities of the firft clafs,
which have feveral others under their ju-
ri{diction. ‘The temperature of the air
in this province does not feem to. agree
with its latitude ; for, although Pe-tcheli
extends no further than the 42nd degree
N, yet all its rivers are fo much frozen
during four months in the year, that
waggons with the heavieft loads may
fafely pafs them. The foil is fandy, and
produces very little rice; but it abounds
with all other kind of grain, and with
the greater part of the fruit trees we have
in Europe. Pekin is the capital.
PETER AND PAUL, St. or PETRO-
PAWLOSKO!, a feaport of Kamttchatka,
in the Ruffian government of Irkutzk.
The town confifts of fome miferable log-
houles and a few conical huts. Captain
Clerke, who fucceeded captain’ Cook,
and died at fea, was/interred here. Lon.
153 43°B, lat. $3.0 N. tos!
PETERBOROUGH, a city in Northamp-
tonfbire, witha bithop’s fee, and a market
on Saturday. It ‘is feated on the Nen,
over which: is ‘4 ‘bridge ‘into. Huntingdon-
fhire. ..It has-bat one-church, befide the
cathedral, which was’ ‘formerly ac:mo-
nafterys but the madket-place:is {paciows,
and the ftreets regular, It has a trade
in corn, coal, a
by a mayor, and
arliamert. It
Northampton, an
© 10 Wy, lat. 52
PETERHEAD,
fhive, fituate near
It has an excellen
a new pier; a cé
fifhery, and to tl
tacture . fewin
ipring, of a po
a he fea-bathi
of company, for
there is a ball-ve
houfes. It is a
channefs, the mo
Scotland, and 44
Lon. 1 28 wy, lat
PETERSBURG
States, in Virgini
river Appamatox,
mond.
PETERSBURGI
BURGH, the metr
Ruffia, in a go
name, It is feat
the gulf of Finlan
fome iflands in t
and partly upon t
beginning of uhis
which Peterfburgh
vaft mora{s, occup:
huts. Peter the |
city by the erectic
baitions, in 1703:
hut for himfelf, an
In 1710, count G
houfe of brick; a
emperor, with his
foundation of a ho
rials. From thefe
the ig perial city o
lefs than nine ye
hovels were erecte
was transferred to
ftreets, in general
cious; and three
which meet in a pt
are at leaft two mi
them are paved, t
floored with plan}
wooden houfes, {cz
mon cottages, are |
buildings; and the
namented with a
manfions of the nc
building, furnithe
ftyle as at Londo
many places, as
at London, and i
each fide with a co
PET
in corn, coal, and timber, is governed
by a mayor, and fends two members to
arliamet. It is 42 miles NE of
Northampton, and 81 N of London. Lon.
© 10 Wy lat. 52 30 N.
PETERHEAD, a town in Aberdeen-
fhire, fituate near the mouth of the Ugie.
It has an excellent harbour, detended by
a new pier; a confiderable trade in the
fifhery, and to the Baltic; and a manu-
facture of fewing thread. A mineral
ipring, of a powerful diuretic quality,
and the fea-bathing bring a great refort
of company, for whofe accommodation
there is a ball-voom and many elegant
houfes. It is a little to the w of Bu-
channefs, the moft eaftern promontory of
Scotland, and 44 miles NE of Aberdeen.
Lon. 1 28 w, lat. §7 28 N.
PETERSBURGH, a town of the United
States, in Virginia, on the s fide of the
river Appamatox, 15 miles s of Rich-
mond,
PETERSBURGH, or ST. PETERsS-
BURGH, the metropolis of the empire of
Ruffia, in a government of the fame
name. It is feated on the Neva, near
the gulf of Finland, and is built partly on
fome iflands in the’ mouth of the river,
and partly upon the continent. At the
beginning of this century, the ground on
which Peterfburgh now ftands was only a
vaft mora{s, occupied by a few fifhermen’s
huts. Peter the Great firft began this
city by the ereétion of a citade) with fi
baftions, in 1703: he built alio a fimall
hut for himfelf, and fome wooden hovels.
In 1710, count Golovkin built the firft
houfe of brick; and the next year, the
emperor, with his own hands, laid the
foundation of a houfe of the fame mate-
rials. From thefe fmall beginnings rofe
the ig perial city of Peterfourgh ; and, in
lefs than nine years after the wooden
hovels were ereéted, the feat of empire
was transferred to it from Mofcow. ‘The
ftreets, in general, are broad and fpa-
cious; and three of the principal ones,
which meet in a point at the Admiralty,
are at leaft two miles in length: moft of
them are paved, but a few ftill remain
floored with planks. In feveral parts,
wooden houfes, fcarcely fuperior to com-
mon cottages, are blendid with the public
buildings; and the brick houfes are or-
namented with a white ftucco. ‘The
manfions of the nobility are vaft piles of
building, furnifhed: in the fame elegant
ftyle as at London. The Neva is, in
many places, as broad as the Thames
at London, and its ‘banks are lined on
each fide with a continued range of hand-
P
ad
PE T
fome buildings. On the N fide are the
fortre!s, the academy of {ciences, and the
academy of arts. On the 5 fide are the
imperial palace, the Admiralty, the man-
fions of many Ruffian nobles, and the
Englihh-line, fo called, becaule (a few
houfes excepted) the whole row is occu-
pied by Englifh merchants. In the front
of these buildings, on the s fide, is the
quay, which extends three miles, except
where it is interrupted by the Admiralty ;
and the Neva, during the whole of that
{pace, has been embanked, at the expence
of the late empre(s, by a wall, parapet,
and pavement of hewn granite. Peterf-
burgh, although it is more compaét than
the other Ruffian cities, «nd has the
houfes in many ftreets contiguous to each
other, yet ftill bears a refemblance to the
towns of this country, and is built ina
very ftraggling manner, It has been
lately inelaled within a rampart, the cir-
cumterence of which is 14 miles. The
inhabitants are computed to be 130,000.
The oppofite divifions of Peterfbugh,
fituate on each fide of the Neva, are con-
neéted by a bridge on pontoons, which,
on account of the large mafles of ice
driven down the ftream from the lake
Ladoga, is ufually removed when they
firtt make their appearance; and, for a
few days, till the river is frozen hard
enough to bear carriages, there is no com-
munication between the oppofite parts of
the town. Among the noble{t ornaments
of Peterfburgh is an equeftrian ttatue of
Peter the Great, in bronze, of a coloflal
fize ; the pedeftal of which is a huge rock,
brought to the {pot at a great expences
by this contrivance the great legiflator and
civilizer of his country appears in the
attitude of afcending a precipice, the fum-
mit of which he has nearly attained. It
was erected by Catherine 11, in 1782.
Within the walls of the fortrefs is the
cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, in
which are depofited the remains of Peter
the Great, and of the fucceflive fovereigns,
except Peter 11, buried at Motcow.
Peterfburgh is 425 miles Nw of Mofcow,
400 E by N of Stockholin, 750 NE of
Copenhzgen, and 1000 NNE of Vienna,
Lon. 30 19 F, lat. $9 56 N.
PETERSFIELD, a borough in Hamp-
fhire, with a market on Saturday. It is
governed by a mayor, fends two members
to parliament, and is feated on the
Loddon, 18 miles Ne of Portfmouth, and
53 sw of London. Lon. o 58 w, lat.
51 2N.
PETERSHAGEN, atown cf Germahy, in
the principality of Minden, feated on the
,
. e 2 . S ,
<A t —n LOAC A NR TAT : -
ANI a ten tae tm gem
%
‘
A
rh
iH
‘
4t
“et hl ORE A ant Ce
PF I
Wefer, three miles from Minden, and 47
w of Hanover, Lon. 9 6 £, Jat. 52 2© N.
PETERWARADIN, a town of Sclayonia,
one of the ftrongeit frontier places the
houfe of Auttria Thee against the Turks,
over whom, in 1716, prince Eugene here
gained a great victory. It is teated on
the Danube, between the Save and Drave,
2§ miles NW of Belgrade. Lon. 20 30
E, lat. 45 26 N.
PETHERTON, a town in Somerictfhire,
with a market on Tuetday, teatect on the
Parret, 18 miles s by w of Wells. and
333 W bys of London. Lon. 2 41 &,
Mat. so 56 N.
PETIGLIANO, a town of Tuicany, in
the Siennefe, eight miles w oi Cattro,
and 45 SE of Sienna. Lon. 113 42 £, lat.
42 23N.
Periy Guave, a feaport of the W
Indies, in St. Domingo, feated on a bay
at the w end of the ifland. It is 200
miles £ of Jamaica. Lon. 72 §2 w, lat.
13 27 N. :
Petcung, a city of Eaitern Chinele
Yartary, in the department of Kirin. It
has fcarcely any inhabitants but Tartar
foldiers, and Chinefe condemned to exile,
It is feated on the Songari, 112 miles N
by E of Kirin, and 500 NE of Pekin. Lon.
324 55 F, lat. 45 3 N.
PETRIKOW, a town of Great Poland,
in the palatinate of Siradia, 80 miles sw
ot Warfaw. Lon. 19 46 Ey lat. 51 12. N.
Petrina, a ftrong town of Auftrian
Croatia, feated on the Petrina, 27 miles
E of Carlitadt. Lon. 16 0 £, lat. 46 © N.
Prrtaw, a town of Germany, in the
duchy of Stiria. It ericnig? to the bifhop
of Saltzburg, and is feated on the Drave,
28 miles s by & of Gratz. Lon. 15 37
E, lat. 46 46 N.
PETTAPOLLY,a feaportof Hindooftan,
on the coait of Coromandel, where the
Dutch have a factory. Low, 80 46 E,
lat. 15 45 8.
Pertycur, a harbour in Fifefhire,
one mile from Kinghorn, in the frith of
Forth. It is the ufyal landing-place of
patiengers from Leith, on the oppotite
fhore. A bafin has lately been conitructed
here.
PETWORTH, a town in Suffex, with a
market on Saturday, feated near the Arun,
12 miles nz of Chichefter, and 49 sw of
London. Lon. o 34 wy, lat. 50 58 N.
PFAFENHOFFEN, a town of Germany,
in Upper Bavaria, with a Benedictine
monattery at a {mall diftance. It is feated
on the Im, 19 miles Nw of Ratifbon.
Lon. 12 3 Ey lat. 49 27 N.
Prirt, or FORETTE, atown of France,
PHI
in the department of Upper Rhine and
late province of Alface, 10 miles Ww ot
Bafil, Lon. 7 20 Ey lat. 47 37 N.
PFORTSHEIM, a town of Suabia, in
the marquifate of Baden-Durlach, with
a cattle, feated on the Entz, 15 miles se
of Durlach. Lon. 9 46 Ey dat. 48 57. N.
Prremmp, a town of Germany, in
Upper Bavaria, with a caftley feated ar
the confluence of the Pfreint and Nab, 10
iniles Ne of Amberg. Lon. 12 a1 &,
lat. 49 21 N.
PFULLENDORF, av imperial town of
Suabia, feated on the Andalfpatch, 37
miles sw of Ulm. Lon. 9 27 Wy lat,
48 8 .N.
Puanacoria, a finall and beautiful
ifland of Afia, en the & fide of the ftrait
of Caffa.
PuHaros, a fmall ifland in the Medi-
terranean Sea, oppofite Alexandria, in
Egypt, the fpace between which and the
continent forms an extenfive harbour. It
has a communication with the continent
by a ftone cauteway and bridge. It for-
merly had an exceedingly high tower
upon it, called the Pharos, an? on the top
of it were lights for the direction of fhips.
Lon, 31 11 £, lat. 30 24 N.
PHARZzA, anciently PHARSALIA, a
town of Turkey in Europe, in Janna,
famous for the decifive victory gained by
Julius Cefar over Pompey, in 48 B. c.
Hence Imican’s poem on the civil wars
between thefe-two great rivals was called
Pharfalia. This town is an archiepif-
copal fee, feated on the Enipeus, and is
to miles s of Larifla.
Puasis, a river of Afia, which crofles
Mingrelia, and fails into the Black Sea.
PHEASANTS IsLE. See FAISANTS,
PHILADELPHIA, an ancient city of
Natolia, feated at the foot of the moun-
tain Tmolus, in an extenfive plain. She
Greeks retain its ancient i:gme, but the
Turks call it Allahijah. It contains
11000 inhabitants, among whom are 2000
Chrittians, who have four churches, and
a Greek archbifhop. It is 40 miles
Esc of Smyrna. Lon. 23 15 £, lat.
38 28 N.
PHILADELPHIA, the capital of Pennfyl-
vania, and, at prefent, the metropolis ot the
United States of Arnerica. It is fituate in
an extenfive plain on the w bank of the
river Delaware. The length of the city
from E£ to w, that is, from the Delaware
to the Schuylkill, upon the original plan of
Mr. Pem, is 10,300 feet, and the breadth,
Nand s, is 4837 feet. Not half of the
lot covered by the city charter is yet
ult. The inhahvanta: however, have
.Y
rot G
nal |
and
leng:t
whic
the
tive
wide
city
midd
by B
nearl
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65 fe
right
eight
the c
ules 5
of M
fquar
ner,
public
in 16
1701,
the te
mayol
eomm
¥t con
fomel
bitant
and re
lic wo!
minati
quaker
arms i
Jate sv:
ciples
gogue
theran
rica, V
ftatehe
in 173
was b
and o
Here,
and fe
univer
war:
itate, .
lege.
3793,
and th
4O3r
97 mi
of W
Lon. |
Pu
donia,
Alexa
ewn n
monly
- Catfiu
ang
y of
4 in
with
2S SE
7 N.
yin
dat
», 10
1 E,
1) of
mad
lat.
tiful
trait
ledi-
’ in
1 the
i Rt
nent
tor-
ower
‘top
ups.
\y 2
nna,
° by
Pa Om
vars
nlled
pil-
d is
‘De
PHI
rot cotifined themfelves within the origi-
nal limits of the city, but have built N
and s along the Delaware, two miles in
length. ‘The circumference of the part
which is built, including Kenfington on
the N and Southwark on the s, is about
five miles. | Market Street is roo feet
wide, and runs the whole length of the
city from river to river; and, near the
middle, it is interfeéted at right angles
by Broad Street, 113 feet wide, running
nearly Nand s. ‘The cther itreets are 50
fect wide, except Arch Street, which is
65 feet, and they interfeét each other at
right angles. ‘There are four {quares of
eight acres each, one at each corner of
the city, originally referved tor public
ufes 3 and in the centre, at the interlection
of Market Street and Broad Street, is a
fquare of ten acres, referved in like man-
ner, to be planted with rows of trees for
public walks. Philadelphia was founded
in 1682, by William: Penn, who, in
1701, granted a charter, incorporating
the town under the government of a
mayor, recorder, eight aldermen, 12
eommon cc tncil-men, a fheriff, and clerk.
It contains 5000 houles, in general hand-
fomely built of brick, and 40,000 inha-
bitants, compofed of almoft all nations
and religions. Here ave 24 places of pub-
lic worfhip for Chriftians of various deno-
minations ; one of which is for the free-
quakers, fo called, beeaule they took up
arms in defence of their country, in the
late «var, contrary to the ettablithed prin-
ciples of the friends, Here alfo is a fyna-
gogue for the Jews. ‘Vhe German Lu-
theran church, one of the fineft in Ame-
rica, was deftroyed by firé in 1794. The
ftatchoufe is : magnificent building erected
in 1735. In 1787, an elegant courthoufe
was built on the left of the ftatehoute ;
and on the right a philojephical halt.
Here, likewife, is 2 public! obfervatory,
and feveral other pubiic buildings. A
univerlity was founded here during the
war: its funds were partly given by the
itate, and partly taken from the old col-
lege. A malignant fever raged here in
1793, which, in the courte of Augutt
and three fucceeding months, carried off
4031 of the inhabitants. Philadelphia is
97 miles sw of New York, and 130 NE
of Wafhington, the intended metropolis.
Lon. 75 13 W, lat. 39 56 N.
PHILIPPS, an ancient town of Mace-
donia, enlarged by Philip, father of
Alexander the Great, who gave it his
ewn name. It was near this place, com-
monly called. the plains of Phifippi, whete
- Catfius and Brutus, two of the aifailinators
PHI
of Cefar, were defeated by Auguitas and
Mark Antony, in 42 B.C. It is an arch-
bifhop’s fee, but greatly decayed. An
amphitheatre, and feveral other monu-
ments of its ancient grandeur remain.
It is 67 miles £ of Salonichi, Lon. 34
25 FE, hat. 40 ON.
PHILIPPINA. See SAMAR.
PHILIPPENE, a ftrong town of Dutch
Flanders, It was taken by the French
iz 1747, reftored in 1748, and again
taken in 1794; It is feated on an arm
of the Scheld, rz miles se of Flushing.
Lon. 3 51 &, lat. 5: 16 N.
PHILIPPINE IsLANDs, iflands in the
Indian Ocean, difcovered by Magellan, in
152t. ‘The pringipal are, Luconia, Min-
danao, Samar, Mafbate; Mindoro, Lus«
ban, Panay, I eyte, Bohol, Zebu, Negro’sy
St. John’s, Xolo, and Abyo. ‘They are
chiefly fubject to the Spaniards. The air
is very hot and moift, and the {ail fertile
in rice and many other ufeful vegetables
and fruits. ‘The trees ave always green,
and there are ripe fruits all the year.
There are a great many wild beafts and
birds, quite unknown in Europe. The.
inhabitants are not all of one original.
Lon. 113 13 to 120 50 £, lat. 6 30 to
18 15 N. t
PHILIPPINES, New, otherwife called
Paaos, and CAROLINAS, iflands in the
N Pacific Ocean, to the E of the mot
fouthern of the Philippine Ifands. There
are about 32 in all, between the equator
and the Ladrones ; but they are very little
known to the Europeans.
PHILIPPOL1, a town of Romania, with
an archbifhop’s fee. It is chiefly inha-
bited by Greeks, and is feated on the
Mariza, 82 niiles Nw of Adrianople and
188 of Conftantinople. Lon. 24 50 by
lat. 42 15 N.
Puirip’s, Forv St. a ftrong citadel
of Minorca, which defends the harbour
of Port Mahon. It was taken by the
Engh in 1708, and’in 1756 by the
-French, who refoved it in 1763. The
Spaniards retook it in the lait war. Lon.
3 48 E, lat. 39 50N.
Puitivs-NORTON, a town in Somer-
fetthire, with a market on Thurfday,
feven miles s of Bath, and 104 w or
London. Lon. 2 16 Wy lat. 52 16.
PHILTPsvURG, a town of Gerinany,
in the circle of the Upper Rhine. It is
very ftrong, and contidered 43 one of the
bulwarks of the empire. The town be-
longs to the bifhop of Spire, but the for.
tifications to the empire. It has been
feveral times taken and retaken, particu-
larly by the French in 1734, when the
PIC
duke of Berwick was killed at the fiege;
but it was reftored the year following, by
the treaty of Vienna. It is feated on the
Rhine, {even miles s of Spire, and 40
NE of Strafburg. ‘Lon. 8 33 8, lat. 49
12 N.
PuILipsTaDT, a town of Sweden, in
Wermeland, feated in a hilly and rocky
country, abounding in iron 1.:ines, be-
tween twe lakes, and watered by a rivu-
let. It was built by Charles 1x, and
called after his fon Philip. In 1775, it
was dettroyed by fire, but has been fince
rebuilt. It is 20 miles NE of Carl(tadt,
and 140 NW of Stockholm. Lon. 14
10 £, lat. 59 30 N.
PuiLipstown, a borough of Ireland,
capital of King’s rena 40 miles w of
Dublin. Lon. 7 3 wy, Jat. 53 18.N.
PHILIPVILLE,2 ftrong town of France,
in the department of the North ana Jate
province of Hainault, feated on,an emi-
nence, 25 miles, sE.of Mons,,and.125 N
by £ of Paris. Lon. 4 24 £3. lat. 50
N.
4 Puiiuip YsLanps, two iflands in the
S Pacific Ocean, difcovered by captain
Huntersin.1791, and named after Arthur
Phillip, efq. governor of New S Wales.
They are five miles afunder, but almoft
joined togetker by a long fandy {pit,
above water, which reaches, for about
two tbirds of the diftance from the eatt-
ernmoft, or Jargeéft: ifland, to the mof
weftérly, which is the fmalleft. They
are covered with fhrubs, have. few tall
trees on them, and the land is low.
Lon.. of the eaftern ifland 140 3 B, lat. 8
6s.
PiaNEZA,; atown and caftle of Pied-
mont, feated on the Dora, eight miles
from Turin.
Pranoza, an ifland of Italy, off the
coaft of Tuscany, fix miles s ef that of
Elba. It is Jevel and low, as the name
imports. Lon. 10 34 Ey lat. 42 46N.
Piava, a river, which rifes in. the
mountains of Tirol, and falls into the
guif of Venice, by two mouths, a little
N of Venice.
Picarpy, a late province of France,
bounded on the N by Hainault, Artois,
ar the ftraits of Dover; on the & b
Champagne; on the s by the. Ifle of
France; and on the w by Normandy and
the Englifh Channel. It now forms the
department of Somme.
PICIGHITONE, a town of Italy, in the
duchy of Milan, witha caftle, in which |
Francis 1.of France-was imprifoned, « It
was taken by the French iv 1733 and in
1796. Itis feated on the Serio, 10 miles
PIG
Nw of Cremona, and 36 sE of Milan.
Lon. 10 4,8, lat.-45 16 N.
PICKERING, a town in the N riding
of Yorkfhire, with a market on Monday,
It has an old caftle, in the ruins of which
they keep their courts for the hearing of
all caufes undergo fhillings, in the dif-
trict called the Honour or Liberty of
Pickering. It is.26 miles NE of York,
and 223 N byw of London. Len.o
33 Wy lat. 54 15 N.
Pico, the largeft and moft populous
of the Azores, or Weftern Iflands. It
produces a great deal of wine. Lon. 28
ar Wy, lat. 38 29.N.
Picts WaLL, a famous barrier againtt
the Picts, of which fome {mall remains
are left. It began at the entrance of Sol-
way Frith, in Cumberland, and running
by Carlifle, was continued from W to E
acrofs the ifland to Newcattle, and ended
at Tinmouth.
PIEDMONT, a princiyality of Itsly,
175 miles long ant 40 broad; bounded
on the N by Vallais,,on the uz by the
duchies of Milan and Muotfer” *- on the
8 by the county of Nice a! *' ritory
of Genoa, and on the w by i'ranee and
Savoy. It was formerly a part of Lom-
bardys but now belongs to the king of
Sardinia, and lies at the foot of the Alps,
It contains many high mountains, among
which are rich and fruitful vallies, as popu-
lous as any part @ Italy. In the moun-
tains are mines of feveral kinds, and the
forefts afford a great dea] of game. . This
country bas 2 great trade in raw filk; and
it produces alio corn, rice, wine, fruits,
hemp,, flax, and cattle. Turin is the
capita], ;
_ PLENZA, a populous town of Tufcany,
in. the Siennefe, with a bifhop’s fee. ‘!:
is 2§ miles se.of Sienna. and 56 s of Fv
fence. Lon. 11 42 Ey lat. 43 0 N.
PrerRe& LE Mourik&r, ST. a town
of France, in the department of Nievre
and late province of Nivernois. It is
feated in a bottom, furrounded by moun-
tains, and near a lake, which renders the
air unwholefome, 15 miles Nw of Mou-
lins, and 150 s of Paris. Lon. 3 138,
lat. 46 48 N.
Pierre, St. a fmall defert ifland near
Newfoundland, ceded to the -Frenc!. in
1763, for drying and curing their ':1),
They were difpoffeffed of it by the Lng-
lith in 174.° Lon. 56. 0 w, lat. 46
39 N,
Pierre, ST. the capital of Martinico,
on the w fide of the ifland. Lon. 61
21 W, lat. 14 44.
PIGEON IsLanb, @ fimall ifland, eight
miles
from t
lat. 14
Pie
terrane
French
Pic
the ent
was in
tortifie
built o
duke o
molifhe
on the
Lon. 7
Pic
partme:
Champ
Lon. 4
Pit
Baltic,
of whi
lat. 54
Pits
capital
has ofta
feated 3
and. W;
Lon. 1
PILs
of Littl
domir,
BE of €r:
PILT
of a fer
It is fea
Golding
lat. 57 |
Pine
Pacific |
ledonia.
Nw dire
able in
hill, flor
are very
tall pine
ed by ci
38 BE, le
PING
one of
part of
tains th:
of the t
feated. ¢
sw of
go N.
Prin-1
the prov
tains fix
the thirc
Pekin.
Pinn
pning
tO E
ended
Italy,
unded
y the
mm the
ritory
e and
Lom-
ng of
Alps,
mong
e Opu-
oun-
id. the
This
3 and
uits,
s the
cany,
Bac
town
ievre
It is
oun-
s the
PIN
miles from the coaft of Malabar, and rs
from the town of Onore. Lon. 74 6 E,
lat. 14 1 N.
Pietro, St. ar ifland in the Medi-
terranean, near Sardinia, taken by the
French 1: 1793, but retaken {oon atter.
PIGNEROL, a town of Piedmont, at
the entrance of the/valley of Perufa. It
was in poffeffion of the French, who had
fortified it, particularly with a cattle
built on a rock ; but being reftored to the
duke of Savoy, in 1696, the French de-
molified the fortifications. It is feated
on the Chiufon, 15 miles sv; of Turin,
Lon. 7 30 £, lat. 45 oN. }
PIGNEY, a town of France, in the de-
partment ‘of Aube and late province of
Champagne, 12 miles NE of ‘Troyes.
Lon. 4 25 £, lat. 48 20 N.
PILLAu; a feaport of Pruffia, on the
Baltic, 20 miles w by s of Koningtberg,
of which:it is the port. Lon. 20 20 &,y
lat. 54 38 N.
Pitsen, a ftrong town of Bohemia,
capital of a circle of the fame name. It
has often been taken and retaken, and is
feated near the confluence of the Miia
and Watto, 47 miles. w by s of. Prague.
Lon. 13 55 E, lat. 49 46 .N.
Pitsna, PiLsno, or Psi zow, a town
of Little Poland, in the palatinate of San-
domir, feated on the Wilfake, 50 miles
Eof Cracow. “Lon. 21 10 B, lat. 50 0.N.
PILTEN, a town of Courland, capital
of a fertile territory of the fame name.
It is feated on the river Windaw, between
Goldingen and Windaw. Jon. 22 108,
lat. 57 15 .N. . .
Pines, IsLe oF, an ifland in the S
Pacific Ocean, off the s end of New Ca.
ledonia. It is 14 miles over in a sE and
Nw direction. It is high and remark-
able in the middle, being quite a pointed
hill, loping toward the extremities, which
are very low. The low land has many
tall pine-trees upom it. It was difcover-
ed by captain Cook in 1774. Lon. 167
38 EB, lat. 22 38 Ss.
PING-LEANG-FOU, a city of China,
one of the moft confiderable in the w
part of the province of Chen-fi, It con-
tains three cities of the fecond, and feven
of the third clafs in its diftri¢t, and is
feated. on the river Kin-ho, 480 miles
sw of Pekin. Lon. 106 25 £, lat. 35
4o N,
PIN-HTANG-FOU, a city of China, in
the province of Chan-fi, Its diftriét con-
tains fix cities of the fecond, and 28 of
the third clafs. It is 240-miles sw of
Pekin. Lon. 111 55 8, lat. 35 55 .N.
PinNneL, a ftrong town of Portugal,
PIS
in Tra-los-Montes, capital of a territory
of the fame name. It is feate. at the
confluence of the Coha and Pinnel, 2§
miles N of Guarda. Lon. 6 40 w, Jat:
40 46 N.
PINNENBURG, a fort and town of
Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Holftein,
capital of a county of the fame name.
It is feated on the Owe, 15 miles Nw of.
Hamburg. Lon..9 40 £, lat. 53 46.N.
Pinos, an ifland of the W Indies; om
the s fide of Cuba, frem which it is fe.
parated by a deeprftrait.. It is 25 miles
long and 1§ broad, and has excellent paf-
tures, Lon. 82 33 w, lat.22 aN. |’
PINSKO, a town of Lithuania, on a
river of the fame name. It was formerly
a confiderable place, but has been aimoit
ruined byithe Coffacks. Lon. 26 20 8,
lat. 52 180N. iaky Mh
. PioMBINO, a feaport of Tufcany, ca-
pita! of a principality of the fame name.
t is feated on a bay, 40 miles swf. Legs
harn, and 60 sw of Florence: Lon. .10
23 Ey lat. 42 57.N, |
PIOMBINO, a principality of Tufcany,
lying on the Mediterranean. .- The ifland
of Elba, depends upon it, and has its.own
prince, under the protection: of the king
of the Twe Sicilies. i im
PiPERNO, a town of Italy, in Com-
pagna di Rotaa, 50. mile: se of Rome.
Lon. 13 36 £, Jat. 41 39 N.
PipLey, a town of Hindooftan Pro-
per in Bengal, which formerly had Eng-
ith and Dutch factories. It is feated on
@ river, 15 miles w.of-Balafore. Lon.
56 31 E, lat. 21 20 N.
Pique Montva.igr, the higheft
mountain of the Pyrenees. It is in the
form of a pike. Lon. o 22 w, lat. 42
5IN,
PIRANQ, a feaport of Venetian Iftria,
on a peninfula, 10 miles s of Capo d’I{-
tria. Lon. 14 : g. lat. 45 40.N.
Pirkitz, a town of Pomerania, in the
territory of Stetin. The ancient dukes
of Pomerania often refided here. It is
feated near the lake Maldui, 20 miles
se of Stetin. Lon. 14 20 8, lat. 53
18 N.
Pisa, an ancient and large city of
Tuicany, capital of the Pifano, with a
univerfity, an archbifhop’s fee, and three
forts. The river Arno runs through Pi-
fa, and over it are three bridges, one of
which is conftru&ed of marble. This
city is fo far from having as many inha-
bitants as it can contain, that grails grows
in the principal ftreets. The cathedral
is a magnificent ftructure, and on the
right fide of the choir is a leaning tower,
PIT
much talked of. In the great f{quare,
before St. Stephen’s church, is a white
marble ftatue of duke Cofmo the Great.
The grand duke’s palace, and the magni-
ficent exchange, are worth notice. Pita
is feated in a fertile plain, at a fmall dif-
tance from the Mediterranean, to miles
N of Leghorn, and 42 w of Florence.
Lon. 10 17 £, lat. 43 43 N.
Pisano, a territory of Tufcany, lying
on the Mediterranean. It is 47 miles
long and 25 broad, and one of the beft
countries in all ‘Tufcany.
Prsca, a town of Peru, in the audience
of Lima, with a good road for thips. It
is feated in a country fertile in excellent
fruits and good wine, 140 miles ssz of
Lima. Lon. 76 15 w, lat. 13/36 s.
PIscaTaqua, a river of the United
States, in New Hamphhire, the mouth of
which forms the only port in that ftate,
and is 60 miles N of Bofton. Lon. 70
30 W, lat. 43 25 .N.
PIsELLO, th> moft northern cape of
Natolia, wh. ie&ts into the Black
Sea, oppofite the . imea.
PisHour. See PEIsHORE.
Pistora, a confiderable town of Tuf-
cany, with a bifhop’s fee. There are
feveral fine churches and magnificent pa-
laces; but it is almott deferted, in com-
parifon to what it was formerly. It is
teated at the foot of the Appennines, near
the river Stella, 20 miles Nw of Florence.
Lon. 11 29 E, lat. 43 55 .N.
- PrrcaliTLy WELLs, fome remark-
able faline fprings, near Perth, in Scot-
land, deemed beneficial in {co butic
cafes.
PITHEA, 2 feaport of Sweden, in W
Bothnia, feated on a {mall ifland, at the
mouth of the Pithea, in the gulf of Both-
nia. “It is joined to the continent by
a wooden bridge, and is 80 miles sw
of Tornea. Lon. 22 4o £, lat. 65
tI N.
PITTENWEEM, a feaport in Fifethire,
at the entrance of the frith of Forth, 23
miles NE of Edinburgh. Lon. 2 49 w,
lat. 56 12 N.
PirTSBURGH, or Fort Pitt, a flou-
rifhing town of Pennfylvania, capital of
the county of Allegany, fituate on the w
fide of the Allegany mountains, on a
point of land between the rivers Allegan
and Monongahela. Here was the Frenc
Fort du Queine; in an expedition againft
which, in 1756, general Braddock fell
into an ambufcade, and was defeated and
flain. This fort was abandoned by the
french, in 1768, on the approach of ge-
neral Forbes; and ite name was changed
PLA
to that of Pitt, in honour to the minifter
by whom the war was then direéted. At
this place, the Allegany takes. the name
of Ohio. It is 320 miles w of Phila.
delphia. Lon. 79 48 w, hat. 40 26 N.
P:z2z0, a town of Naples, in Calabria
Ulteriore, feated on the gulf of St. Eufe.
mia, four miles from Monte-Leone.
PLACENTIA, a duchy of Italy, for-
merly the weftern part of the. duchy of
Parma; bounded on the & by that duchy,
on the n and w by the Milanefe, and on
the s by the territory of Genoa. It is
very fertile and populous, and contains
mines of iron, and falt. fprings, from
which is made a very white falt. The
principal rivers are the Trebia and Nur-
ra. It was divided between the quecn
of Hungary and the king of Sardinia, by
the treaty of Worms, in 1743.
PLACENTIA, a town of I[taly, capital
of a duchy of the fame name, with a
bifhop’s fee, a citadel, and a celebrated
univerfity. Its churches, {quares, ftreets,
and fountains, are beautiful, and contains
30,000 inhabitants, It was ceded to the
king of Sardinia in 1743; and the French
took poffeffion of it in May, 179%. It is
feated in a well-cultivated country, on
the river Po, 32 miles Nw of Parma, and
83 E of Turin. Lon. 9 38 £, lat. 45
5 N.
PLACENTIA, a town of Spain, in Ef.
tramadur4, with a bifhop’s fee, and a caf.
tle.. It is feated on the Xera, in a de-
lightful plain, almoft furrounded by
mountains, 80 miles sw of Madrid.
Lon. 5 o w, lat. 39 45 N.
PLACENTIA, a town of Spain, in Gui-
pufeoa, feated on the Deva, 25 miles
SE of Bilboa. Lon. 2 go wy lat. 43
10 N.
PLACENTIA, & feaport of Newfound-
Jand, feated on a bay on the sE part of
the ifland, 40 miles w of St. John, and
200 E of Cape Breton. Lon. 53 43 ws
lat. 47 25 .N.
PLANIEZ, a {mall ifland cf the Medi-
terranean, in the road of Marfeilles.
PLANO, a {mall ifland of the Medi-
terranean, in the bay of Alicant.
PiasseYy, PLarns OF, in Bengal,
about 30 miles from Moorfhedabad,
and 70 from Calcutta. ‘This {pot is me-
morable for a great victory. gained by co:
lonel Clive, in 1757, over the nabob Su-
rajah Dowlah; by which was laid the
foundation of the prefent extenfive Britith
empire in Hindooftan.
PLaTa, an ifland of Peru, on the coaft
of Quito, furrounded by inacceffible rocks,
and about five miles long and four broad.
‘ PLA
Peru, ¢
Charcog
feated d
Culco.
Pia
large ri
uniOR O
Uragua
in 1517
nifh nav
tives, in
the cou
enters th
It is 154
Mont V
up the ri
cerned o
the midd
Ayres,
fhore is
town.
Prars
America,
river of t
Spain, an
anew vic¢
See Per
PLawg
the duch
finall rivei
a lake of
Gutftrow.
PLAWE
Voigtland,
sw of Di
32.N.
PLernu
Carinthia,
foot of a
Clagenfurt
PLEsco
PLESHE
miles N by
feat of the
trom the e:
year 14.00.
Now a bric.
remains, of
iting of a
rounded by
two acres,
and ditch,
PLEsse,
leated on th
paw. Lon
PLocKs:
of a palati
a caftle, an
ona hill, n
of Uladifia
Lon. t9 29°
nifter
At
name
*hila.
6N.
abria
Eufe-
for-
hy of
uchy,
nd on
It is
itains
from
The
Nur.
queen
a, by
apital
ith a
rated
reets,
ntains
to the
‘rench
It is
» On
: and
at. 45
Pz oO
‘ PLata, a rich and populous town of
Peru, capital of the audience of Los
Charcos, with an archbifhop’s fee. It is
feated on the Chimao, 500 miles sz of
Culco. Lon. 63 40 w, lat. 19 16s.
PLaTA, or R1i0-pE-LA-PLaTa, a
large river of § America, formed by the
union of the three great rivers Paraguay,
Uraguay, and Parana. It was difcovered,
in 1517, by Juan Diaz de Solis, a Spa-
nih navigator, who was flain by the na-
tives, in endeavouring to make a defcent in
the country. It croffes Paraguay, and
enters the Atlantic Ocean, in lat. 35° s,
It is 150 miles broad at its mouth; at
Mont Video, a fort, above too miles
up the river, the land is not to be dif-
cerned on either fhore, when a veffel is in
the middle of the channel; and at Buenos
Ayres, 200 miles higher, the oppofite
fhore is not to be difcerned from that
town.
Piata, Ric-DE-LA, a province of S
America, in Paraguay, on the sw of a
river of the fame name. It is fubje& to
Spain, and at Buenos Ayres, the capital,
anew viceroyalty was eltablifhed in 1776.
See Perv.
PLAWEN, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Mecklenburg: feated on a
finall river which talls into the Elbe, near
a lake of the fame name, 17 miles § of
Guftrow. Lon.12 138, lat. 53 40N.
PLAWEN, a town of Upper Saxony, in
Voigtland, feated on the Elfter, 67 miles
sw of Drefden. Lon. 12 17, lat. 50
32.N.
Prernura, a town of Germany, in
Carinthia, feated on the Feiftez, at tha
foot of a mountain, 25 miles £ by s of
Clagenfurt.
PLescor. See Pskor.
PLEsHEY, a village in Effex, feven
miles N by w of Chelmsford. It was the
feat of the lord high conftable of England,
trom the earlieft times of that office to the
year 1400. On the fite of his caftle is
now a brick farmhoufe; and here are the
remains.of an ancient fortification, con-
fifting of a mount, of an oval form, fur-
rounded by an area that contains about
two acres, and is bounded by a rampart
and ditch, over which is a brick bridge.
PLesseg, a townof Silefia, with a caftle,
ieated on the Viftula, 36 miles & of Trop-
paw. Lon. 18 368, lat. sooN.
PLOCKSKO, a town of Poland, capital
of a palatinate of the fame name, with
acaftle, and a bifhop’s fee. It is feated
ona hill, near the Viftula, 25 miles se
of Uladifaw, and 65 w of Warlaw.
Lon. 39 ag'B, lat. 52 46 N.
PLY
PLOEN, a town of’ Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Holftein, capital of a.prin-
cipality of the fame name. It is feated
on the n ide of a lake, 22 miles nw of
Lubec. Lon.10 208, lat. 54. 11N.
PLOERMEL, a town of France, in the
department of Morbihan and late province
ot Bretagne, 27 miles Ne of Vannes. —
PLUDENTZ, atown of Germany, in
the Tirol, capital of a county of the fame
name. It is feated in a pleafant plain,
on the river Ill, 65 miles w of Intprucs
Lon. 12 10 £, lat. 47 10N.
PLUVIERS, a town of France, in the
department of Eure and Loire, and late
province of Beauce, 20 miles N of Ore
leans. Lon. 2 o8, lat. 48 14.N.
PLYMOUTH, a feaport in Devonhhire,
with a market on Monday, Thuriday,
and Saturday. It is feated between. the
mouths of the Plym and Tamar; and
next to Portfmouth, is the moft confider-
able harbour in England for memof war.
There are, properly fpeaking, three har~
bours, called Catwater, Sutton Pool, and
Hamouze. The firlt is the mouth of the
Plym, and affords a fafe and commodious
harbour for merchant thips, but is feldom
entered by fhips of war. The fecond is
frequented by merchant thips only, is al-
mott furrounded by the hougen of the
town, and has lately been turther fecured
by an extenfive pier. The third is near
the mouth of the Tamar, and is the har-
bour for the reception of the Britifh
navy, being fitted with moorings for about
100 fail, and having good anchorage for
a much greater number. Adjoining to
it are docks, arfenals, and all other conve-
niences for the building and fitting out of
thips of war. Thefe harbours are defend-
ed by a fort on St. Nicholas’ Ifland, and by
acitadel nearly oppofite to that ifland, upon
a hill which overlooks the town. Piy-
mouth contains two parith churches, fends
two members to parliament, and is go-.
verned by a mayor. It is well fupplied
with frefh water, firft brought here, from
a place feven miles off, by the famous fir
Francis Drake, who was a native of this
town. It carries cn a confiderable fo-
reign and domeftic ade, and is 43 miles
sw of Exeter, and 216 wby s of Lon-
don. Lon.4 10W, lat. 50 22N.
FiLYMOUTH, a feaport of the United’
States, in Maffachufets, feated at the s
end of Plymouth Bay. —It is the firft
town that was built in New England.
Lon.vo 10W, lat. 41 58N.
PLyMouTH Dock, a populcus town,
contiguous to the royal docks in the har=
bour of ai 4 at Plymouth, in De-
POT
‘
vonthire. It has a chapel in the dock,
yard, anda church about a quarter of a
mile from the town. ‘
.PLYMPTON, 2 borough in Devonfhire,
with a market on Saturday. It fends two
members to parliarhent, and had once a
caftle, now in ruins. It is feated on the
Plym, feven miles £ of Plymouth, and
218 w by s of London. Lon.4 ow,
Jat. 50 22 N.
PLYNLIMMON HILL, a vaft and lofty
mountain of Wales, partly in Montgo-
meryfhire, and partly in Cardiganfhire.
The Severn, the Wye, and other rivers,
have their fource in this mountain.
Po, a celebrated river of Italy, which
has its fource at mount Vifo in Piedmont.
It runs through Montferrat, the Milanefe,
and the Mantuan; thence on the borders
of the Parmefan, and a part of the Mo-
denefe ; and having entered the Ferrarefe,
it divides at Ficherulolo, and flows into
the gulf of Venice by four principal
mouths. In its courfe it receives feveral
rivers, and often overflows its banks,
as moft of thofe rivers defcend from the
Alps, and are increafed by the melting
of the fnow. .
Po, ariver of China, in the province
of Kiang-fi. It empties itfelf into the lake
‘Poyang-hou, a finall diltance from Jao-
“tcheou-fou.
POCKLINGTON, a town in the « riding
of Yorkfhire, with a market on Satur-
‘ day, feated on a ftream that falls into the
Derwent, 14 miles £ of York, and 196 N
by w of London. Lon.o 40 w, lat. 53 58 N.
PODENSTEIN, a town of Franconia, in
the bithopric of Bamberg, feated among
forefts, near the fource of the Putlach, 30
miles sz of Bamberg.
PopoLia, a province in the se part
of Poland, wrefted from that country by
the late emprefs of Ruffia, in 1793. The
Dneifter feparates it from Moldavia on
the sw; and the Boge croffes it from w to
E. It is divided into the Upper and
Lower. Kaminieck is the capital of the
former, and Bracklaw of the latter.
PoccisoNnz1, a town of Tulcany,
famous for its excellent tobacco. It had
a citadel, now in ruins; and is feated
near the Elfa, 16 miles s of Florence. ,
PoGccio, a town of Tufcany, near
Florence, famous for a handfome palace
of the great duke.
PorrINo, or PoOVERINO, a town of
Piedmont, 15 miles sz of Turin.
‘Potssy, an ancient town of France, in
the Ifle of France; feated near the foreft
of St. Germain, 15 miles Nw of Paris,
Lon.2 12 £6, lat. 48 56N.
POL
Poitiers, 2 town of France, capital
of the department of Vienne and late pro.
vince of Poitou, with a bifhon’s fee. Its
population is not in proportion to its ex.
tent; for it includes a number of gardens
and fields within its circuit; and th. :.
habitants are not eftimated at more :han
36,000. It has feveral Roman antiqui.
ties, particularly an amphitheatre, partly
demolithed ; and a triumphal arch, which
ferves as a gate tothe great ftreet. Here,
in 1536, “dward the Black Prince gained
a victory over the French, taking prifop.
ers king John and his fon Philip, whom
he brought to England. The environs
abound with vipers in fuch numbers,
that they are exported to Venice to make
treacle. This town is feated on a hill,
on the river Clain, 52 miles sw of Tours,
and 120 N by E of Boyrdeaux. Lon.o
25E, lat.46 35 Ne
PoiTou, a late province of France,
bounded on the N by Bretagne, Anjou,
and part of Touraine; on the E by Tov.
raine, Berry, and Marche; on the s by
Angoumois, Saintonge, and Aunis; and
on the w by the bay of Bifcay. It is
fertile in corn and wine, and fecds a great
number of cattle, particularly mules. It
now forms the three departments of Ven. _
dée, Vienne, and the Two Sevres.
Pova, an ancient and ftrong feaport
of Italy, inthe s part of Iftria, with a
citadel, and a bifhop's fee. Here are the
ruins of: a Roman amphitheatre and a
triumphal arch. It is feated at the bot-
tom of a bay, and has a fpacious harbour, |
80 miles sz of Venice.
lat.45 13.
PoLaAcuia, a palatinate of Poland, 88
miles long and 30 broad ; bounded on the
N by Pruffia and Lithuania, on the E by
Lithuania, on the s by the palatinate of
Lublin, aud on the w by that of Mafo-
via. Bielfk is the capital.
PoLanp, a large country of Europe,
bounded on the w by the Baltic, Bran.
denburg, and Silefia ; on the s by Hun
gary and Moldavia; on the N by Pruffa,
ourland, Livonia, and Ruffia; and on
the E by Ruffia and the territories wrefted
by that power from the Turks, It is
Lon. 14 98,
divided into three large parts, Great |
Poland, Little Poland, and Lithuania;
each of which is fubdivided into palati-
nates, or provinces. The government
was monarchical and ariftocratical ; all
the aéts of ftate being in the name of the
king and republic of Poland. The king
was the only elective fovereign in Europe;
being chofen by a general diet fummoned
by the archbifhop of Gnefna, as chief of
the rep
This cir
great cal
every fove
involved
faftions,
powers.
country, fj
was ftead
tion with
emperor 0
one third
the repub
by a foreig
this impor
to the emp
allotted to
niay, that
which lies
alatinates
two finall
the palatin
Jand (Poli
in White
third of Lit
HILEF.
fion of all t
bounded on
Nottee, wit
em Pruffia
Thorn exce
Ruffian part
the moft pc
moft comme
whole amo
fouls; the fi
fecond 2, 500
The three p:
forcibly efte
conftitution.
dates for th
cluded ; non
and great dul
a native Pol
king cannot
the death of
nor be eligi
two reigns ;
efablifhed, 3
is vetted.
princes, wh
weight to Pc
minions, are
the throne;
hereditary {
exorbitant p
order are cor
tude; and th
before too g:
ther diminith
king and the
moit unanim
apital
e pro-
- Its
Ss ex.
irdens
Duds
e chan
tiqui.
partly
which
Flere,
Fained
rifon-
whom
virons
nbers,
make
a hill,
Tours,
Lon, (e)
rance,
Anjou,
r Tou.
e S by
$3 and
It is
a great
es. It
f Ven-
feaport
with a
are the
and a
e bot-
rbour,
4 OE,
ind, 88
on the
PE by
ate of
Malo-
huropey
Bran-
Hun
ruffia,
nd on
refted
It is
Great
1ania ;
palati-
ment
IS all
bt the
p king
rope;
noned
nief of
POL
the republic during the interregnum.
This circumftance proved the fource of
reat calamities + for, on the demife of
every fovereign, the country was generally
involved in a war, between contending
fattions, refpeétively fupported by foreign
powers. In 1772, a partition of this
country, projected by the king of Pruffia,
was eftected by that monarch, in conjunc.
tion with the emprefs of Ruffia and the
emperor of Germany. By this partition,
one third of the country was wrefted from
the republic, the diet being compelled,
by a foreign force, to make and to ratify
this important ceflion. For the part ceded
to the emperor, fee GaALicia. The part
allotted to Ruffia comprifes Polith Livo-
nia, that part of the palatinate of Polothk
which lies to the E of the Dwina; the
palatinates of Vitepfk and Miciflaw; and
two finall portions to the Ne and se of
the palatinate of Minfk. This traét of
ot (Polifh Livonia excepted) is fituate
in White Ruifia, and includes at leaft one
third of Lithuania. See POLOT SK and Mo-
HILEF. The king of Pruffia took poffef-
fion of all the weftern parts of Pomerania,
bounded on the s by the river Netze or
Nottee, with the whole of Polith or Weft-
ern Pruffia, the cities of Dantzic and.
Thorn excepted. Of thefe countries the
Ruffian part is the largeft, the Auitrian
the moft populous, and the Pruffian the
moft commercial. The population of the
whole amounts to near 5,000,000 of
fouls; the firft containing 1,600,000, the
fecond 2,500,000, and the third 860,000.
The three partitioning powers, moreover,
forcibly efteéted a great change in the
conftitution. By this all foreign candi-
dates for the throne of Poland are ex-
cluded ; none can be chofen king oi Poland,
and great duke of Lithuania, in future, but
anative Pole; the fon or grandion of a
king cannot be eleéted immediately upon
the death of his father or grandfather,
nor be eligible till after an interval of
two reigns; arftd a permanent council is
eftablifhed, in which the executive power
is vetted. By this change, all foreign
princes, who might be likely to give
weight to Poland by their hereditary do-
minions, are rendered incapable of filling
the throne; the fainteit prefpeét of an
hereditary fovereignty’ is removed; the
exorbitant privileges of the equettrian
order are confirmed in their utmoft lati-
tude; and the prerogatives of the crown,
betore too greatly reduced, are ftill fur-
ther diminifhed. In 1791, however, the
king and the nation, ‘1 coficurrence, al-
moit unanimoufly, © .« without any fo-
POL
reign intervention, eftablithed another -
conftitution. By this the evils of an
eleétive monarchy were avoided, the
throne being declared hereditary in the
houfe of Saxony. The rights and privi..
leges of all orders in the republic (the
king, the nobles, the citizens, and the
geagics were alike equitably confulted.
na word, it was not, on the one hand,
the haughty defpot dictating a conftitu-
tion to his people; nor, on the other, a
proud ari(tocracy, or a mad democracy,
that wrefted from their fovereign his juft
prerogatives; but it was the univerial
with of the nation, the fentiment that in-
{pired which, was univerfal happinefs,
few of the nobility, however, difcon-
tented at the generous facrifice of fome
of their privileges, repaired to the court.
of Ruffia; and their reprefentations con-
curring with the ambitious views of the
empreis, fhe fent an army into Poland,
under pretext of being guarantee of the
conftitution of 1772. Her interference
was too powerful to be refifted ; and this
new conftitution was overthrown. Bue
the principal objeét for which the Ruffian
army entered Poland was not yet attained.
The emprefs had planned, in conjunétioss
with the king of Brutia, a fecond partie
tion of this country, which took place in
1793. By this, the emprefs obtained
nearly the remaining part of Lithuania,
with the palatinates of Podolia, Kiof, and
Bratzlaw; and the king of Prutfia ob.
tained the provinces of Pofen, Gnefen,
Kalish, Siradia, Wielun, Lentfchitz, Cue
javia, Doorzyn, Rawa, part of Ploth, &c.
with the city and monaltery of Czentito-
kow (the Loretto of Poland) and its rich
treafures, and the cities of Dantzic and
Thorn. Such multiplied oppreffions, at
laft youfed the {pirit of the nation. Gene-
ral Kofciufko appeared, in 1794, at the
head of a Polith army, to affert the inde-
pendency of his country, and to recover
the provinces wrefted from it. He was
fuccefsful, at firft, againft the king of
Pruflia; but was defeated and taken
prifoner in the fequel, by the Ruffians,
who foon after took the capital, Warfaw.
What will be the future fate of Poland is
uncertain. The king, who formally re-
figned his crown at Grodno in 1795, is a
kind of ftate prifoner; and all Poland is
in the poffeffion of a foreign force. By
the conftitution of 1772, the Roman ca-
tholic religion is declared the eftablithed ;
but althongh the diffidents continue ex-
cluded fron. the diet, the fenate, and the
permanent council, they enjoy the free
exercife of their re eens are permitted
an
Seas Rucci ee Se ‘
SS =
= a avs rs ek ie
Jano
POL
fo° have churches without bells, and
{chools and feminaries of their own. The
air of Poland is generally cold; but the
foil is fo fertile in cora in many places,
that it fupplies Sweden and Holland with
large quantities, and it has extenfive pal-
tures. Here is much leather, fur, hemp,
flax, faltpetre, honey, and wax; and there
are mines of falt, of a great depth, out
of which is dug rockfalt. The principal
rivers are the Dnieper, Viitula, Bug,
Niemen, Dniefter, and Bog. Warfaw 1s
the capital.
POLERON. See PoOLOROON.
POLESIA, a name given to the palati-
nate of Brzefcia, in Lithuania.
POLESINO-DI-ROVIGO, a province of
Italy, in the republic of Venice ; bounded
on the N by the Paduan, on the s by
the Ferrarefe, on the gE by the Dogado,
and on the w by the Veronefe. It is 42
miles long and 17 troad, and is fertile in
corn and paftures. Rovigo is the capital.
Po, Sr. a town of France, in the
department of the Straits of Calais and
Jate province of Artois. It is noted for
its mineral waters, and is 16 miles NW
of Arras.
POLICANDRO, an ifland in the Archi-
pelago, one of the Cyclades, 20 miles in
circumference. Here are a few villages,
@ caftle, and a harbour; but it confifts,
in general, of barren rocks and moun-
tains. It lies between Milo and Paros.
Lon. 25 31 £, lat. 36 32N.
POL{CASTRO, a decayed town of
Naples, in Principato Citeriore, with a
bifhop’s fee. It is feated on a gulf of
the fame name, 68 miles sz of Naples.
Lon. 15 40, lat. 40 15 N.
PoLIGNANO, a populous town of
Naples, in Terra di Bari, with a bifhop’s
fee. It is feated on a craggy rock, near
the fea, 16 miles & of Bari. Lon.17 24
E, lat.q4r 25N. | ’
~ PoricNni, a town of France, in the
department of Jura and late province of
Franche Comté, feated on a rivulet, 32
miles sw cf Belancon, Lon. 5 55£, lat.
46 SON.
Po.ina, an ancient town of Albania,
with a Greek archbifhop’s fee. It was
formerly a confiderable place, but is now
almoft in ruins, and is 12 miles s of Du-
razzo. Lon.19 208, lat.41 42 N.
Potiro, or Polizzi, a town of Si-
cily, in the Val-di-Demona, at the foot
of the mountain Madonia, 30 miles sz of
Palermo. Lon. 13 53£, lat. 38 4N.
Po.LocksHaws, a confiderable ma-
nufacturing town in Renfrewhhire, feated
on the river White Cast,
a
PON
Po.orTsk, a government of the Ruffian
empire, formed of part of a palatinate of
Lithuania, difmembered from Poland by
the treaty of partition in 1772. Its pro-
duéts are chiefly grain, hemp, flax, and
pafture; and the forefts furnifh great
abundance of mafts, planks, oak for thip-
building, pitch, tar, dec. which are chicd y
fent down the Dwina to Riga.
PoLoTsk, 2 ftrong town of Ruffia,
capital of a government of the fame name,
feated on the Dwina, at the mouth of the
{mall river Polota, 50 miles sw of Vi-
teplk. Lon.27 508, lat. 55 43N.
POLTEN, St. a town of Lower Auf.
tria, feated on the Drafam, which falls
into the Danube, near Holmburg, eight
miles from Vienne.
Pomecug, an ifland in the Mediter-
ranean, near’ Marfeilles.
POMERANIA, a duchy of Germany,
in the circle of Upper Saxony; bounded
on the N by the Baltic, on the F by
Weftern Pruilia and Poland, on the s by
Brandenburg, and on the w by Mecklen-
burg. It is watered by feveral rivers, of
which the Oder, Reckenitz, Pene, Ucker,
Rega, Perfanet, Wipper, Ihna, Stolpen,
and Lebo, are the moft confiderable. The
air is pretty cold, but compentated by
the fertility of the foil, which abounds in
aftures and corn, of which a great deal
1s exported. It isa flat country, con.
taining many lakes, woods, and foretts,
and has feveral good harbours, particu-
larly Stetin and Stralfund. It is 250
miles long and 75 broad, and divided
into Hither and Further Pomerania. The
latter and part of Hither Pomerania be-
long to the king of Pruffia; the remainder
to the king of Sweden. Stetin is the ca-
pital of the Pruifian part, and S:ralfund
of the Swedifh. °*
-~PoMERELLIA, a diftrict. of Polith or
Weftern Pruffia, forcibly feized by the
king of Pruffia. Dantzic is the capital.
- Pomersanta, a large county of Weit-
ern Prutfia, which extends from & to w
from the Pafferge as far as the Viltula,
between E and W Pruiffia. It is full of
lakes and morafles.
Pomona, the principal of the Orkney
Iflands...See MAINLAND.
PONDESTURIA, a town of Italy, in
Montferrat, feated on the s fide of the
Po, 33 miles £ of Turin. Lon.8 25¢,
lat.45 2N.
PONDICHERRY, a town of Hindooftan,
on the coaft of Coromandel. It was firit
fettled by the French in 1674. . Previ-
oufly to the war of 1756, it was, perhaps,
the fineft city in India. It extended along
3
the fe
quarte
well. b
ings,
kind i
the E
razed,
du& te
It was
Engli
again ¢
is 100
lat. x1
Pont
of the /
near thd
Pont
Leon, o
Leon.
Pona
Sea.
kien, a
the part
Formofa
rocks: ¢
not a fhr
harbour
and fhelt
nefe garr
mandarif
ployment
to and fro
121 25E.
Pons,
partment
province c
of the E
fpring, a
river Sev
Lon. 0 3¢
Pons,
departme:
of Langue
- fore the re
firrounde
fine marb
of Narbo
Ponta
Ponr-
town of
Meurthe ©
with a wu
feveral rel
ftrantes hi
It is featec
it into ty
Nanci. J]
PonrT-
France, ii
late provi:
on ‘the riv
It is a ¢or
Tian
ite of
id by
ro-
Tan
great
thip-
niefly
fia,
layne,
of the
f Vi-
Auf.
falls
eight
diter-
many,
unded
at deal
» con-
oretts,
brticu-
Ss 250
ivided
» The
ia be-
ainder
he ca-
fund
lith or
by the
ital.
V elt.
to Ww
{tula,
ll of
kney
y, in
if the
25 Ey
oftan,
s firtt
revi-
haps,
long
PON
the feacoaft above a mile, and wa* three
quarters of a mile in breadth. It was
well. built, and, befide many public build-
ings, had a citadel, then the belt of its
kind in India. This city was taken by
the Englith, in 1761, and immediately
razed, in retaliation of M. Lully’s con-
du&t toward Fort St. David, in 1758.
Tt was reftored in 1763; taken by the
Englith in 37783 reltored in 17833 and
again taken by the Englifh in 1793. It
is 100 miles s of Madras. Len. 80 oF,
lat. 11 56.
Ponpico, a fmall uninhabited ifland
of the Archipelago, in the gulf of Zeiton,
near the coaft of Negropont.
PONFERRADA, a town of Spain, in
Leon, on the river Sill, 40 miles sw of
Leon. Lon.6 6w, lat.42 30N.
PONG-HOU, iflands in the Chinefe
Sea. They lie & of the coaft of Fo-
kien, and form an archipelago between
the part of Emouy and the ifland of
Formofa. ‘They are only fand banks or
rocks: there is bat one folitary tree, and
not a fhrub is to be feen upon them. The
harbour in the principal ifland is good,
and fheltered from every wind. A Chi-
nefe garrifon is kept here, with one of the
mandarins called literati, whofe chief em-
ployment is to watch the trading veffels
to and from China‘and Forvnofa. Lon.
121 25E. ‘at.23 30N.
Pons, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower’ Charente and late
province of Saihtofige, famous in the time
of the Huguerfdts? It has a mineral
fpring, and is feated on a hill, near the
river Sevigne, ro miles s of -Saintes.
Lon. o 30 W, lat. 45 36N.
Pons, Sr. a town of France, in the
department of Herault and late province
of Languedoc. It was a bithop’s fee be-
- fore the revolution, and is feated in a valley
firrounded by mountains, in which are
fine marble quarries. It is 24 miles x
of Narbonne. Lon. 2 4728, lat. 43 29N.
PONTAFELLA, See PONTEFA.
PonT-'a-MoOussON, a confiderable
town of France, in the department of
Meurthe and late province of Lorrain,
with a univerfity. There were lately
feveral religious héules, and the premon-
ftrantes had a magnificent church here.
It is feated on the Motelle, which divides
it into two parts, two miles NW of
Nanci. Lon.6 168, lat. 48 47N.
PonT-ARLIER, an ancient town of
France, in the department of Jura and
late province of Franche Comté, feated
on ‘the river Doubs, near Mount Jura.
It is a commodious paflage into Swiffer-
PON
land, and is defended by a ftrong caftle.
Lon. 6 268, lat.46 55N. ‘s
Pont AUDEMER, a town of France
in the department of Eure and late pro-
vince of Normandy, feated on the Rille,
13 miles g cf Honfleur, and 85 Nw of
Paris. Lon.o 358, lat. 49 21N,
Pont-pr-CE, a town of France, in
the department of Maine and Loire atid
late province of Aniou, feated on the
Loire, three miles trom Angers, and
178 sw of Paris. Lon. 0 29 w, lat. 47
25N.
PoNT-DE-L’ARCHE, a town of France,
in the department of Eure and late pro-
vince of Normandy, with a caftle. It is
feated on the Seine, over which is a bridge,
five miles N of Louviers, and 62:NW of
Paris. Lon.1 158, lat.49 5N.
PONT-DE-VAUX, a town of Fran¢e, th
the department of Ain and late: provinee
of Brefle, cated on the Reffoufle, ‘eigtie
miles s of Macon. Lon. 4 558, lat. 46
28N.
PONT-DE-VESLE, a town of France,
in the department of Ain and late pro-
vince of Breffe. It has a manufacture of
ftuffs called Auguftines, and alfo of ta-
peftry for the coverings of arm-chairs and
fotas, of the fame kind as thofe of Ambuf-
fon. It is feated on the Vefle, 12 miles
w of Bourg. Lon. § 42,: lat. 46 16 Ny”
Pont-pEeLiMA, a town of Portugal,
in Entre-Douero-e-Minho, with a palace.
It is feated on the Lima, over which‘is 2
magnificent bridge, 13 miles: Nw of
Braga, and 190 N of Lifbon. Lon. 8
44.W, lat. 41 51 Ne: :
Pont-py-Garp. See Garp.
PONTEFA, or PONTAFELLA, a town
of Germany, in Carinthia, feated oh the
Fella, over which is a bridge that leads
to the beft paffage over the Alps. It is
20 miles NW of Friuli. © Lon. ¥3 o¥,
lat. 46 25N.
PONTEFRACT, a borough in the w
riding of Yorkfhire, with a market on
Saturday. It is fituate in a very rich
foil, and noted for its large plantations of
licorice. Its caitle, now in ruins, has
been the fcene of various tragical events
in the Englith hiftory ; particularly, the
murder of the unforttinate Richard 11.
It is governed by a mayor, fends two
members to parliament, and is 22 miles
‘sw of York, and 175 NNW of London,
Lon. 1 18 wy, lat. §3 42 N. un’
Ponre-Stuka, a town of Italy, in
Montferrat, feated at the confluence of
the Stura and Po, three miles sw of
Cafal.
PonTE-VEDRA, a town of Spain, in ‘
h 3
ii Ee tne SS
a a
PON
Galicia, feated on the Leris, and fa-
mous for its fithery of pilchards. It is
zo miles g of Porto Nova. Lon. 8 27
W, lat. 42 20 N.
Pont-Gispaut, a town of France,
in the department of Puy de Dome and
Jate province of Auvergne. Near this
place is the village of Rore, with a filver
gnine, and a vinous fountain of mineral
water. Itis 10 miles wNw of Clermont.
Lon. 2 58 £, lat. 45 51 N.
Pontivy, a town of France, in the
department of Morbihan and late pro-
ince of Bretagne, feated on the river
Blavet. It was the firft town, after the
revolution of 1789, that fet the example
of national confederations.
Pont-L'EVEQUE, a town of France,
in the department of Calvados and late
Bovines of Normandy, feated on the
ouque, ro miles nw of Lifieux. Lon.
06 8, lat. 49 17.N.
PonroiseE, a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Oile and late
province of the Ifle of France. It is feated
on an eminence, on the Oife and Vienne,
with a bridge over the former, whence it
takes its name. In 1435, the Englith
took it by a fingular ftratagem: the
ground bemg covered with inow, the
affailants dreffed themfelves in white,
with ladders painted white, and fealed
the walls before the centinels could per-
geive their approach. Charles vir re-
took it by ftorm in 1442. The parlia-
ment of Paris was transferred to this
place in 1652, 1720, and 1753. It is 43
miles sz of Rouen, and 27 Nw of Paris.
Lon. 211 B, lat. 49 3 N.
PonT-ORsON, a town’ of France, in
the department of the Channel and late
rovince of Normandy, feated op the
Coef* on, 20 miles E of St. Malo. Lon.
3 30 W, lat. 48 30 N.
Pont-REMOLI, a town of Tufcany,
with a ftrong caftle, feated at the foot of
the Appennines, 40 miles & of Genoa,
and 66 Nw of Florence. Lon. 9 40 £,
Jat. 44.25 N.
Pont Sr. Esprit, a town of France,
‘gn the department of Gard and late pro-
vince of Languedoc. It is feated on the
river Rhone, over which is one of the
fineft bridges in Europe, confifting of 19
reat and 4 {mall arches. To facilitate
the paffage of the water in time of
floods, apertures are made through each
pier, fix feet above the common level of
the river; and to ftem the extreme ra-
idity af the Rhone, the bridge is not
uilt in a tight line, but in the form of
POO
acurve. This paffage is defended by a
citadel, within which ‘is the church of
the Holy Spirit, projecting into the river,
As the bridge is fo flight, the gocds are
conveyed over in fledges, by way of pre.
caution, Pont St. Efprit is 17 miles 5
of Viviers, and 55 Ne of Montpellier,
Lon. 4 46 By lat. 44 13.N.
Pont St. MaAixXENCE, a town of
France, in the department cf Seine and
Oife and late province of the Ife of
France, feated on the Oife, five miles n
of Senlis. Lon. 2 40 £, lat. 49 18 N.
Pont-suR-SEINE, a town of France,
in the department of Aube and late pro.
vince of Champagne, with a caftle, feated
on the Seine, 17 miles Nw of Troyes,
and 55 se of Paris. Lon. 3 40 £, lat.
48 23 N.
Pont-suR-YONNE, a town of France,
in the department of Yonne and late pro.
vince of Burgundy, feated on the Yonne,
eight miles Nw of Sens. Lon. 3 14 &,
lat. 48 16 N.
PONTYPOOL, a town in Menmouth-
fhire, with a market on Saturday... It is
feated between two hills, on the river Avon,
which turns feveral mills for the working
of iron plates that are ufed in a manufac.
ture of japanned ware, now on the de-
cline. It is 15 miles sw of Monmouth,
and 146 w by N of London. Lon. 3 6
W, lat. 51 42 N.
Pont-y-Pripp. See TAAFE.
Ponza, or Ponti,,,.a {mall ifland in
the Mediterranean $ea,;to which many
illuftrious Romans were formerly banithed.
Lon. 13 10 £, lat. 40 53 N.
POOLg, a borough and feaport in Dor-
fethhire, with a market on Monday and
Thurfday. It is fituate on a peninfula
projecting into a capacious bay, branching
into many creeks, and forming feveral
iflands. The harbour admits veffels of
moderate fize only; but for them it is
very fecure. Poole rofe into fome con{e-
quence feveral centuries ago, when the
ancient town of Wareham fell into decay}
and its trade and population are rapidly
increafing. The principal each. of
bufinels hae is the Newfoundland fithery.
¥t has alfo a large importation of deals
from Norway, a general commerce with
America and various parts of Europe, and
a fine coafting trade, particularly in corn
and coal. Near the mouth of the harbour
is an oyfter bank, from which vaft quan-
tities are carried, to be’ fattened in
the creeks of Effex and the Thames.
Poole is a county of itfelf, governed
by 2 mayor, and {ends two members to
' 8
parliam
chetter,
2O0W,
Poot
the Ba
expelled
tage it
but to
trade,
having
is 100 1
© Ey lat
Poo
on whic
tagon, ¢
megs a
once ab
Poon
Hindvoflt
tal of th
it is not
lefs. If
Lon. 73
Poor
of Hindd
mountai
is the pl
cafe of a
of gove:
OPA
Firma,
chapel o
Spaniards
efpecially
is'feated |
of Carth:
15 N.
Popa‘
400 inile:
on the N
on the E
Peru, anc
Achain c
the coun
near the
flooded b
Popa’
that nam
fee, 240
55 Wy la
Pops,
EccLes!
Italy ; be
of Venic
Nice, on
Naples, |
and on t
Tt extend
from sw
in others
into the
pagna di
1 bya
seh of
Yiver,
ds are
of pre.
niles
sellier,
e pro-
feated
royes,
Ey lat.
rance,
€ pro.
7onne,
14 Ey
ruth.
It is
Avon,
rking
nufac-
1e de-
10uth,
1. 3 6
nd in
many
ifhed,
Dor-
) and
nfula
hing
veral
Is of
it is
on{e-
the
cays
yt
sie
RELY
Heals
ith
and
orn
pour
an-
in
mes.
ed
to
POP
parliament. It is 40 miles wsw of Win-
chefter, and 105 w by s of London. Lon.
20 Wy, lat. 50 42 N.
POOLOROON, or POLERON, one of
the Banda Iflands, from which the Dutch
expelled the oi ap not for any advan-
tage it afforded, it being a barren {pot,
but to fecure the monopoly of the {pice
trade, by preventing the Englifh trom
having any fettlement in thefe parts. It
is 100 miles se of Amboyna. Lon. 130
OE, lat. 4 20 Ss.
PooLowoy, one of the Banda Iflands,
on which the Dutch have a regular pen-
tagon, culled Fort Revenge. Here nut-
megs and the moft delicious fruits were
once abundant.
PooNnan, a town of the Deccan of
Hindvoftan, in Vifiapour. It is the capi-
tal of the Weftern Mahratta empire; but
it is not large, and lies open and defence-
lefs. It is 100 miles se of Bombay.
Lon. 73 55 E, lat. 18 30 N.
PooroonnpeR, a fortrefs of the Deccan
of Hindoottan, in Vifiapour, feated on a
mountain, 18 miles ESE of Poonah. It
is the place of refuge for that capital in
cafe of an invafion; and here the archives
of government are kept.
OPA-MApRE, a town of Terra
Firma, where there is a convent and
chapel of the Virgin, to whofe image the
Spaniards in thofe parts go in pilgrimage,
efpecially thofe whe have been at fea. It
is feated on a high mountain, 50 miles E
of Carthagena, Lon. 74 32 W, lat. 10
15 N.
Popayan, a province of Terra Firma,
400 niles long and 300 broad; bounded
on the N by the province of Carthagena,
on the gE by New Granada, on the s by
Peru, and on the w by the Pacific Ocean.
Achain of barren mountains runs through
the country from N to s; and the foil
near the fea is flat, marfhy, and often
flooded by the rains.
PopayaN, the capital of a province of
that name in Terra Firma, with a bifhop’s
fee, 240 miles NE of Quito. Lon. 75
55 Wy lat. 2 35.N.
Porz, DoMINIONS OF THE, or the
ECCLESIASTICAL STATE, a country of
Italy ; bounded on the N by the territories
of Venice, on the & by the gulf of Ve-
nice, on the sz by the kingdom of
Naples, on the-s by the Mediterranean,
and on the w by Tufcany and Modena.
It extends from $ to N, 240 miles, and
from sw to NE, in fome parts 120, but
in others fearce 20 miles, It is divided
into the following provinces, the Cam-
pagna di Roma, the Patrimony of St.
POP
Peter, Spoleto, Ancona, Urbino, Ro-—
t
magna, the Bolognefe, and the Ferrarefe.
The papal government appears to be ill
calculated to promote the happinefs of
the inhabitants; for all thefe provinces
(the Bolognefe excepted) are badly culti-
vated and thinly inhabited. Trade and
manufactures are but little encouraged ;
and were it not for dates, figs, almonds, -
olives, and other fruits, which grow
{pontaneoufly, the indolence of the inha-
bitants is fuch, that they would be abjo-
lutely ftarved. This indolence is not
wonderful, fince they know, that the more
they acquire, the more will be demanded
of them. The numerous holidays are
great impediments to the exertions of in-
uftry; and the number of young fturdy °
beggars, who {troll about as pilgrims,
inftead of increafing the common {tock by
their induftry, lie as a dead weight on
their fellow-iubje&ts. Various other caufes
might be mentioned ; as the multitude of
hofpitals and convents ; the inconceivable
¢wealth which lies uleleis in thefe convents
and in the churches; the inquifitiqn, and
the rigour of the papal government.
Hence it is, that in no part of Europe
are to be found people more wretched than
the pope’s enpiter fubjects. The pope,
according to the ancient canon law, is the
fupreme, univerfa], and independent head
of the church, and invefted with fove-
reignty over all Chriftian {overeigns, com-
munities, and individuals. His arrogant
pretentions are fo well known, that it is
needlefs to expatiate upon them, Happily,:
the Reformation begun by Luther dif.
pelled the delufion in many parts of Eu-
rope; and the progrefs of learning, and
the fpirit of free inquiry, has enlightened
many even of the Koman catholic coun.
tries, where the papal political {y{tem is,
treated with contempt. The pope has
the title of Holy Father and Holinets ;-and
he is eleéted, at every vacancy, from
among the cardinals, ‘each of whom is
ftyled His Eminence. Their number was
fixed by Sixtus v at 70, in allufion to
the number -of the dilciples who were
fent out by Chrift to teach the world;
an allufion, without any fingular pro-
-prietys as no two clafles of people could
e more unlike. But this number is
feldom complete. Every nation of the
Roman catholic religion has a cardinal for
its proteStor. Belide the Ecclefiaftical
State, the pope is poffeffed of the duchy of
Benevento, in the kingdom of Naples;
and, before the late revolution in France,
he had the territories of Avignon and
Venaifion in that country, The annual
Hh 4
{
4
ii
Bees
POR
revenue of the pope is computed to he
8,700,000 fcudi, or upward of 2,000,000.
fterling. His military force is inconfider-
able: his body guard is 40 Swils, 75
cuiraMiers, and 75 light horie. His
naval force confilts of a few gallies, fla-
tioned at Civita Vecchia. Rome is the
capital.
OPERINGUEN, a town of Auftrian
Flanders, on a river of the fame name,
fix miles w of Ypres. Lon. 2 38 &, lat.
$0 51 N. .
Popo, a kingdom on the Slave C +f
of Guinea. The inhabitants have icarcely
any houfes to dwell in, befide the king's
village, which is in an jfland in the midft
ofa river, ‘Their chief trade is in flaves.
Porca, a town of Hindooltan, in
‘Travancore, taken from the Dutch by
the Englith in 1795. Itis 140 miles 5
of Calicut. Lon. 74 35 £, lat. 8.11 N.
PoRCHESTER, a village in Hamp-
fhire, at the upper end of the harbour of
Portfmouth, between Fareham and Portiea
Ifland. It has an ancient caftle, which
has ferved, of late years, for the reception
of prifoners of war.
ORCO, a town of Peru, in the audi-
ence of Los Charcos, a littl to the w
of Potofi. Lon. 64 50 Wy, lat. 19 40 5.
PoRENTRU, a town of Swiflerland,
capital of the dominions of the bithop of
Baile (by the proteftants called prince of
Porentru) and the principal place of his
refidence. It is feated on a ferpentine
rivulet, near Mount Jura, 22 miles s of
Bafle. Lon. 7 2 &, lat. 47 34.N.
PoRLOcK, a town in Someriethhire,
with a market on Thurfday, {cated on the
Briftol Channel, 14 miles n by w of
Dulverton, and 167 w of London. Lon.
3.32 W, lat, 51 14.N. a
Port Au PRINCE, a feaport of St.
Domingo, feated on a bay on the w fide
of the ifland, of which part it is the ca-
pital. It was taken by the Englith
and royalifts in 1794, Lon. 72 10 w,
lat. 18 45 N.
Port Desire, a harbour of S Ame-
rica, where fhips fometimes touch in their
paffage to the Pacific Ocean. It is 100
miles nE of Port St. Julian. Lon. 65 40
W, lat. 47 50 s.
Port Guiascow. See GLasoow,
Porr, ;
Port HUNTER Bay, See DuKeE oF
Yorx’s Istanp.
Port Jackson, a large bay on the
coaft of New § Wales, three leagues and
a half x of Cape Banks. The capes that
form its entrance are high, rugged, and
perpendicular cliffs, On proceedin
within, in 1788, governor Phillip dif-
POR
covered a large branch extending to
s, and found himfelf perfectly landlock...,
with a good depth of water; and finding
alfo, that the country was greatly fupe-
rior to that round Botany Bay, he deter.
mined to fix the colony of convicts here,
which had been originally intended for
Botany Bay. The name of Port Jackfon
had been given to it by captain Cook,
as he obferved it in. failing along the
coat. Lon. 151 28 B, ist. 43 50S.
Port L'ORIENT. Sec ORIENT.
Port Louis, a ftrong town of France,
in the department of Morbihan and, late
province of Bretagne, with a citadel, and
a good harbour. It isa ftation for part
of the French navy, and the E India
Company's fhips; and is feated at the
mouth Of the Blanet, 27 miles w= of
Vanes. Lon. 3 18 w, lat. 47 40 N,
Por Louis, a French tortrefs, on
the sw coaft of Hifpaniola, demolifhed
by admiral Knowles in 1747, but fince
rebuilt. - Lon. 73 16 w, lat. 18:18 N.
Port Louis, a town and harbour of
the Ifle of France, in the Indian Ocean,
ftrongly fortified. Lon. 57 28 B, lat.
209 S.
Port Manon, an excellent harbour
in the ifland of Minorca, defended by one
of the ftrongeft citadels in = rope. Near
it is the little trading of Mahon.
Lon. 3 48 &, lat. 39 50... -.< PHILIP’s,
Fort Sr.
Port Paix, a town on the N coalt of
St. Domingo, in the W Indies, with
a good harbour. Lon, 72 55 W; lat. 19 58,
Port Patrick, a feaport in Wigton-
fhire, confined by the fea on one fide, and
on the other by over-hanging rocks and
hills. It is. noted for its ferry to Donag.
hadee in Ireland, from which it is only:
20 miles diftant; and a packet-boat fails
from hence jor that place, every day.
The harbour is good ; and has one of the
fineft quays in Great Britain, with a re-
fleting lighthoufe. It js 107 miles sw
of Edinburgh, and.487 Nw of London.
Port Roseway. See SHELBURNE,
Port Rovat, a feaport of Jamaica,
once one of the fineft towns in America,
abounding in riches and trade, In 1692,
it was deftroyed by an earthquake, in
4702 by a fire, in 1722 by an inundation
of the fea, and in 1744 it fuffered greatly
by ahurricane, It {till confilts of three
handfome ftreets, built on a fmall neck
of Jand which juts out feveral miles into
the fea, and is guarded by a ftrong fort.
The harbour is one of the beft in the
world, and 1000 fhips may ride therein,
fecure from every wand. It is fix miles
E of Spanith Town, and as much by
water
Jat. 18
Pos
ifland
Pierre
Por
States
parts.
town 4d
yoo m
10 W,
Por
ANNA
Por
Por
Por
in And
{cent he
liege C
miles
35 37
Por
ifland
Ocean.
Por
in the d
and late
taken br
taken th
E of Pe
Por’
tugal, i
It is fea
tain, in
of Elva
Por’
the city
fide, ni
palace |
with a
other re
the ruir
Por’
furroun
at the
{trong ¢
by Her
of We
for its
buildin
tremity
229 V
Por
States,
in the (
a penil
bour, :
3° W;
9)
ku,
ndings
fupe.
deter.
here,
do tor
ckfon
Look,
z the
Se
rance,
1, hate
|, and
POR
water se of Kingfton. Lon. 76 45 w,
lat. 18 0 N.
Port RoyAL, a town and fort of the
ifland of Martinico, 21 miles se of St.
Pierre. Lon. 61 9 w, lat. 144.
Port Royat, a town of the United
States, in Virginia, on the river Rappa-
hannoc.
Port RoyAt, an ifland on the coaf
of S Carolina, the {pace between which
and the neighbouring continent forms one
of the moft commodious harbours in thofe
parts. It is 15 miles in length, and the
town on the N fhore, called Beaufort, is
zoo miles sw of Charlefton. Lon. 80
10 W, lat. 31 40 N.
Port Royal, in Nova Scotia. See
ANNAPOLIS.
Port St. ANN. See KILLoucu.
Port St. JULIAN. See JULIAN.
Port Str. Mary, a feaport of Spain,
in Andalufia. The Englith made a de-
fcent here in 1702, with a defign to be-
fiere Cadiz, but without fuccefs. It is 10
miles NE of Cadiz. Lon. 6 o wW, lat.
45.37 Ne
Port Sanpwicu, a harbour in the
ifland of Mallicolo, in the S$ Pacific
Ocean. Lon. 167 53 £, lat. 16 25 s.
Port VENDRE, a feaport of France,
in the department of the Eaitern Pyrenees
and late province of Roufillon. It was
taken by the Spaniards in 1793, but re-
taken the next year. It is 25 miles s by
E of Perpignan.
PORTALEGRE, 2 ftrong town of Por-
tugal, in Alentejo, with a bithop's fee.
It is feated at the foot of a high moun-
tain, ina pleafant country, 30 miles Nw
of Elvas, and go NE of Lifbon.
Porticti, a village tour miles EsE of
the city of Naples, fituate on the fea-
fide, near mount Vefuvius. Here is a
palace of the king of Naples, enriched
with a vaft number of fine fta‘ ues, and
other remains of antiquity, taken. out of
the ruins of Herculaneum.
PorTLAND, a peninfula in Dorfethhire,
furrounded by inacceffible rocks, except
at the landing-place, where there is a
ftrong caftle, called Portland Caftle, built
by Henry vii. It lies on the sw fide
of Weymouth Bay; and is chiefly noted
for its ftone, which is ufed in London for
building the fineft ftruétures. Its s ex-
tremity, called Portland Point, is in lon.
229 W, lat. 50 29 N.
PorTLaND, a feaport of the United
States, capital of Cumberland county,
in the diftri&t of Main. It is feated on
a peninfula, and has an excellent har-
bour, 150 miles NNE of Bolton. Lon. 69
30 W, lat. 44.10 N.
POR
PorTLAND Istanps, a clufter of
iflands in the S Pacific Ocean. They
are low, and covered with wood; and
the centre one is in lon. 149 8 8, lat. a
38s.
Porto. See Oporto.
Porto BeLio, a feaport of S Ame-
rica, on the N coaft of the ifthmus of.
Darien, with a large and commodious
harbour. It is a very unhealthy place;
and the country around it {warms with
toads in fuch multitudes, as hide the +
furface of the earth. Before the abo-
lition of the trade by the galeons, in
1748, and the introdu‘tion of regifter
fhips, Porto Bello was the great mart for
the rich commerce of Peru and Chili, —
At the feafon when the galeons were ex-
pected, the product of all the mines,
and other valuable commodities, of thof
countries, were fent by fea to Panama,
and thence conveyed acrofs the ifthmus,
partly on mules, aud partly down the
river Chagre, to Porto Bello. This paltry
village, the refidence of a few negroes
and mulattoes, and of a wretched gar-
rifon relieved every three months, was
then fuddenly crowded with the mof
Opulent merchants; and a fair was
opened which lafted 40 days, durin
which was begun and finithed the riche
traffic on the face of the earth. Porto
Bello was taken, in 1742, by admiral
Vernon, who demolifhed the fortifications.
It is-70 miles N of Panama, and 300 w
of Carthagena. Lon. 80 45 Ws lat. 9
33_N.
Porto Cavatto, a feaport of Terra
Firma, on the coaft of Caraccas. Here
the Englith were repulfed, when they
attacked it in 1743. Lon. 64 30 8, lat.
10 20 N.
PorRTO DEL PRINCIPE, a feaport on
the N coaft of Cuba, with a good harbour.
It is feated in a large meadow, where
the Spaniards feed a great number of
cattle. Lon. 78 15 w, lat. 21 52 N.
Porto Farino, a feaport of the
kingdom of Tunis, to the w of the ruins
of Carthage, and 30 miles N of Tunis.
Lon. 10 16 £, lat. 37.12 N.
Porto FERRaJoO, a town of Italy, in
the ifle of Elba, with a good citadel.
It is feated on a long, high, fteep point
of land, w of the bay of the fame name,
which has two forts. In July 1796,
the Englith threw a ftrong garrifon into
it, on the French having entered Leghorn.
It is-40 miles Nw of Orbitello, and 60 s
by & of Leghorn. Lon. 10 25 8; lat
42 348.N.
Porto GALLETO, a feaport of Spain,
in the bay of Bifcay, feated on a {mall
POR
rivet, cicht miles N of Bilboa.
33a Wy |at. 43 22 N.
PorTO GRUARO, a town of Italy, in’
Venetian Friuli, with a bifhop’s ite. It is
feated on the Lema, 15 miles w of Marano.
Porto Lonconsg, a town of Italy,
in the ifle of Elba, with a good harbour,
and a fortrefs upon a rock, almoft inac-
cefible. It belongs to the prince of Pi-
ombino, and is feated on the E end of
the ifland, eight niles sw of Piombino.
Lon, 10 10 &, lat. 42 52 N.
Porto Nova, a feaport of Spain, in
Galicia, feated near the mouth of the
Leris, 54 miles w of Orenfe. Lon. 8 36
Ww, lat. 42 19 N.
Porro PEDRO, a feaport in the ifland
of Majorca. Lon. 2 41 £, lat. 79 37 N.
Porro PRraya, a town and bay of
St. Jago, one of the Cape de Verd Iflands.
Lon. 23 29 w, lat. 14 53 N.
Porto Rico. See Juan-pE-Pu-
ER" O-RICO.
Foxto Santo, an ifland of the At-
antic, the leat of the Madeiras, 15
miles in circumference. In 1418, a Por-
tuguefe thip, fitted out for the atte. ipt to
doubl- Cape Bojador, coalting along the
Atrican fhore, was driven out to fea by
a fudden fquall, and when they all ex-
pected to perifh, they difcovered this
ifland, which, on account of their efcape,
they named Porto Santo; and hence, at
Jaft, they defcried the ifland of Madeira,
like a black cloud in the horizon. It
sroduces little corn; but. there are oxen
and wild hogs, and a vat number of
rabbits. There are trees which produce
the gum, called dragon’s blood ; and there
is likewile a little honey and wax. It
has no harbour, but geod anchorage in
the road. Lon. 16 25 w, lat. 32 58 .N.
Porro SeGuro, the capital of a go-
vernment of the fame name, in Brafil.
It is ieated in a fertile country, on the
tor of a rock, at the mouth of a river
that flows into the Avlantic. Lon. 38
50 W, lat. 17 0s.
Porto Veccuio, a Seaport of Cor-
fica, feated on a bay on the £ coaft’ of
the ifland, 40 miles N of Sardinia. Lon.
9 20 ky lat. 41 42 N.
Porto VENEREO, 2 feaport of Italy,
on the coait of Genoa, at the entrance of
the gulf of Spezzia. It has a good har-
bour, and is feated on the fide of « hill,
at the ‘top of which is a fort, 45 miles
SE of Genoa. Lon. 9 38 £, lat. 44 5 N.
PorRTREE, a town on the ifle of Skye,
one of the Weftern Iflands of Scotland.
The inhabitants trade chiefly in black-
cattle, {mall horfes, and kelp.
Lon. 3
POR
PorTsea, an ifland between Chi-
chefter Bay and the harbour of Portf.
mouiu, in Hampfhire. It is a low traét
of confiderable extent, feparated from
the mainland by a creek, over which is a
bridge. At the sw extremity of it is
fituate the town of Portimouth.
PORTSMOUYH, a feaport and borough
in Hampthire, with a market on Thurf-
day and Saturday. It is the moft con-
fiderable haven for men of war, and the
mott ftrongly fortified place in England.
Its capacious harbour 1s made by a ba
running up between the ifland of Portfea,
on which the town is fituate, and the op-
pofite peninfula, having a narrow entrance
commanded by the town and forts.
Many of the large(t thips are always laid
up here; and, in time of war, it is the
principal rendezvous of the grand channel
fleet. The docks, artenals, ftorehoufes,
barracks, &c. are all of capital magni-
tude, and kept in the moft perfeét order.
The town is intirely fupoorted by the
refort ot the army and navy ; and oppofite
to it is the noted road of Spithead, where
the men of wir anchor when prepared
for aétual fervice. Portfmouth is go-
verned by a mayor, and fends two mem-
bers'to parliament. It has one church,
and two chapels; one in the garrifon, and
one in a part of the town, called the Com-
mon, for the ufe of the dock. It is 20 miles
SSE of WincheXer, and 72 sw of London.
Lon. 1 1 W, lat. 50 49 N.
PORTSMOUTH, a town of the United
States, the largeftein New Hamphhire,
feated on Pilcaiaqua River, two miles
from the Atlantic Ocean. Its harbour is
one of the fineft on the continent, well
defended by nature, both againft ftorms
and an enemy; and it has a lighthoufe at
the entrance. It is 24 miles w of Botton.
Lon. 70 37 Wy, lat. 42 46 N.
PorTSMouTH, a towr f the United
States, in Virginia, featzd cn? James
River, 108 miles se of Richmond. Lon.
79 23 Wy lat. 36 40 N.
Portsoy, a feaport in Banffshire, fix
miles £ of Cullen. It has manufactures
of {nuff and fewing thread.
PorTuGAL, the moft weftern country
of Europe, 310 miles in length, and 150
in breadth; bounded on the w and s by
the Atlantic, and on the E and N by
Spain.
Eftramadura, Beira, Entre-Minho-e-Dou-
ero, Tra-los-Montes, Alentejo, and Al-
garva. ‘Though Spain and Portugal are
in the fame climate, the air of the latter
is more temperate than that of the former,
on account of the neighbourhood of the
It is divided into fix provinces, '
- ftones fi
fea. C
inhabit
bandry
from A
inftead
ber of
is plent
nuts, a
is fama
falt is
efpecial
a great
trade co
the prog
merchan
foreign
bacco, r
and othe
cellent d
filver, ¢
Portugal
but no
horned c¢
ward thd
mountai
gold and
agus of
their pcet
are mines
marble, 2
principal
Guadiana
Portugue!
luxury, tl
in the pu
The won
for which
their wiv
liberty.
but the 1
the fovere
than were
religion is
are three
befide a |
quifitions,
number of
rity of the
cannot co
confent.
the royal
of Spain,
1640 ther
the crown
Braganza
{cendants
cf pital.
POsEGs
capital of
It was tak
trians, in
. ftones from America.
POS
fea. Corn is not plentiful, becaufe the
inhabitants do not attend much to huf-
bandry; and iy import Indian corn
from Africa, which is uled by the peafants
inftead of wheat. There is a great num-
ber of barren mountains, and yet there
is plenty of olives, vines, oranges, lemons,
nuts, almonds, figs, and railins; and it
is famous for excellent wines. Much
falt is made alfo from the fea-water,
efpecially in the bay of St. Ubes, whence
a great deal is exported. The foreign
trade confifts either of the exportation of
the produce of the country, or in the
merchandife which is received from its
foreign fettlements; fuch as fugar, to-
bacco, rum, cotton, indigo, hides, Brafil
and other woods for dying, and many ex-
cellent drugs. Befide thefe, it has gold,
filver, diamonds, and other precious
The horfts of
Portugal were formerly in great efteem,
but now mules are preferred; and the
horned cattle are fmall and lean. To-
ward the frontiers of Spain there are
mountains in which was formerly got
gold and filver; and the river Tajo, the
Tagus of the ancients, was celebrated by
their peets for its golden fands. There
are mines of iron, tin, leau, quarries of
marble, and fome precious ftones. The
principal rivers are the Tajo, Douero,
Guadiana, Minho, and Mondego. The
Portuguefe are indolent, and to fond of
luxury, that they {pend all their wealth
in the purchafe of foreign merchandile.
The women are addicted to gallantry,
for which reafon the men are jealous of
their wives, and allow them but little
liberty. The government is monarchical,
but the royal authority is limited; for
the fovereign cannot raife any more taxes
than were fettled in 1674. The eftablithed
religion is the Roman catholic, and there
are three archbifhops and ro bilhops,
befide a patriarch; alfo three fevere in-
quifitions, and yet there are a great
number of cuneaed Jews. The autho-
rity of the pope is fo great, that the king
cannot confer any benefice without his
confent. In 1580, there was a failure in
the royal line, and then Philip 11 king
of Spain, fubdued the country; but, in
1640 there was a great revolution, and
the crown was conferred on John duke of
Braganza (king John tv) whofe de»
fcendants ftill enjoy it. Lifton is the
c? pital.
Poseca, a ftrong town of Sclavonia,
capital of a county of the fame name.
It was taken from the Turks by the Auf-
trians, in 3687. It is feated in a fertile
POU
country, on the river Oriana, 220 miles
w by N of Belgrade. Lon. 18 59 &, lat.
45 36 N.
POSsNANIA, or POSEN, a commercial
town of Great Poland, in a palatinate of
the fame name, with a caftle, and a
bithop’s fee. The cathedral is magni-
ficent. By the late partition of Poland,
it became fubjeé&t to the king of Pruffia.
It is feated in a pleafant plain, on the
river Warta, 27 miles w of Gneina, and
127 wof Warfaw.
POTENZA, a town of Naples, in Ba-
filicata, with a bifhop'’s fee. It was
almoft ruined by an earthquake in 1694.
It is feated near the fource of the Ba-
fiento, eight miles sz of Naples.
Potomac, or Patomac, a river of
N America, in Virginia, which falls into
the bay of Chefapeak. On the banks of
this river is now erecting the city of
Washington, the intended metropolis of
the United States. See WasHINGTON.
Porost, a rich and populous town of
Peru, in the audience of Los Charcos. .
Here is the beft filver mine in all Ame-
rica, in a mountain in the form of a fugar-
loaf. Silver was as common in this place
as iron is in Europe; bvt it is almolt ex-
haufted, or at leaft ‘ictle is got in com-
parifon of what was formerly; and the
mountain itfelf is faid to be fittle better
than a fhell. The country around is fo
naked and: barren, that the inhabitants
get their provifions trom the neighbour-
ing provinces. It is feated at the bottom
of the mountain of Potofi, 300 miles
sE of Arica. Lon. 64.25 Ww, lat. 19 40 s.
PoTspam, a city of Upper Saxony,
in the middle marche of Biandeaburch,
witha palace belonging to the king of
Pruifia. It is (eated in an ifland 10 miles
in circumference, tormed by the rivers
Spree and Havel, and is the moft elegant
and fingular city in Europe. Many new
houfes, on the fineft ancient and modern
p-ans, were raifed by the late king, Fre-
deric 111, and prefented to the inhabi-
tants; and the various public buildings
difplay at once great magnificence and’
tafte. In 1795, the beautitul church of
St. Nicholas, in the Palace-f{quare, was
deftroyed by fire, together with the fur.
rounding houles, toward which the wind
-“eegted the flames. It is. 12 miles w of
a2 slin. Lon. 13 46 £, lat. 52 52 N.
PoTToN, a town in Bedtordfhire, with
a market on Saturday, 12 miles £ of
Bedtord, and 48 N by w of London.
Lon. 0 18 w, lat. 52 11 N.
POUGHKEEPSIE, the capital of Duchefs
County, in the ftate of New York, fituate
PRA
on the g£ fide of Hudfon's River, wn of
Wappinger’s Creek.
Poucues, a village of France, in the
department of Nievre and late province of
Nivernois, noted for its ferruginous mi-
neral waters. It is five miles NW of
Nevers.
PouLTON, a town in Lancafhire, with
a market on Monday, feated near the
mouth of the Wyre, 18 miles sw of
Lancafter,* and 231 NNW of London.
Lon. 3 6 w, lat. 53 52 N.
PovuRseLuc, a town of the kingdom
of Siam, 280 miles N of Siam. Lon. 100
40 E, lat. 18 58 N.
PoURZAIN, a town of France, imthe
department of Puy de Dome and late
ovince of Auvergne, feated on the
Sioule, 36 miles’ N by & of Clermont,
and r90 § of Paris. Lon. 3 15 £, lat.
46 21 N.
PoyaAnc-Hou, a lake of China, in
the province of Kiang-fi, formed by the
confluence of four contiderable rivers. It
is 250 miles long.
PRABAT, a town of the kingdom of
Siam, 100 miles n of Siam. ‘ Lon. 101
Xo E, lat. 15 40 N.
PRADES, a {mall handfome town of
France, in the department of the Eaftern
Pyrenees and late province of Roufillon,
feated on the river Fet, in a fine plain, in
the middle of mountains, 22 miles se
of Montlovis. Lon. 2 35 BE, lat. 42
26 N. '
PRAGILAS, a town of Piedmont, feven
miles w of Turin. Lon. 7 30 £, lat.
45 5N. ‘
PraGue, a large and famous city,
‘eapital of Bohemia, and an archiepifcopal
fee. It comprehends three towns, the
Old, the New, and the Little Town, and
is 15 miles in circumference. It is built
upon feven mountains, and has above 100
churches, and as many palaces. The
Muldaw runs through the city, feparating
the Old Town from the New, and over it
is a bridge of 18 arches, with a ftrong
tower at each end. The Old Town is very
opulous; the houfes are high, and the
reets narrow. In this part is the old
alace, where the ancient kings refided ;
‘but the fineft ornament is the univerfity,
frequented by a great number of ftudents,
The Jefuits had a magnificent college
here; and here the Jews have nine fyna-
ogues. The New Town contains fine
Reg Ruters handfome gardens, and large
ftreets. In the church of St. Peter and
St. Paul is a large column, broken in
three pieces, which they pretend the
devil brought from §t. Mary’s at Rome,
PRE
The Little Town was built on the fpot
where there was a foreft; and there is a
oplar tree yet ftanding, which they affirm
Fas grown there about 1000 years. The
principal buildings are the Royal Caftle,
the Radfhin, and the Straw-houfe. The
firft contains a hall, 100 paces long and
40 broad, without any pillar to {upport
the roof. The palace called Radfhin, is
the place where prince Drahomire was
{wallowed up alive in g21. Inthe Straw.
houfe they fhow the place where the
Swedes entered the city in 1648. Prague
was taken by ftorm by the French in
17413; but they were obliged to leave it
in 1742. In 1744, it was taken by the
king of Pruffia; but he was obliged to
abandon it the fame year, It was befieged
ee by the king of Pruffia, in 1757,
after a great viétory, obtained near this
‘city, over the Auftrians; but being de-
feated fome time after, he was obliged to
raife the fiege. ‘It is 75 miles sz of
“Drefden, 158 sg of Berlin, and 235
Nw of Vienna. Lon. 14 45 B, lat. 50
4N.
PRaATO, 2 town of Tufcany, feated on
the Bifentino, 12 miles nw of Florence.
Lon. 19 54.2, Jat. 43 52 .N.
Praya. See Porto PRaya.
PRECOP, or PEREKOP, a town and
fortrefs of Ruffia, in the government of
Catharinenflaf, and: province of Taurida,
feated on the ifthmus that joins the Cri-
mea to the. continent. Lon. 35 40 £,
lat. 46 40 N.
Precopia, a town of Turkey in Eu-
‘rope, in Servia, feated on the river Mo-
rave, 20 miles w of Nif—fa. Lon. 22 52,
lat. 43 31 N. ithe
‘ *PREGEL,’ a river which iffues from a
lake in Poland, and croffing E Pruffia,
falls into the eaftern extremity of the
Fiifche Haf (an inlet of the Baltic) be-
low Koningfberg.
PREMESLAW, a populous town of
Avftrian Poland, with a ftrong caftle, and
a Greek and Latin bithop’s fee. It is
feated on the river Sana, 27 miles w
of Lemburg. Lon. 21 0 £, lat, 49 oN.
PRENSLO, a town of Germany, capi-
tal of the Ucker marche of Brandenburg.
It contains fix churches, and is feated on
the lake and river Ucker, 50 miles n of
Berlin.
Presbura, the capital of Lower
Hungary, with a ftrong caitle on a hill.
In this city the ftates of Hungary hold
their affemblies, and in the cathedral the
fovereign is crowned, In thecaitle, which
is a aoble Gothic ftructure, are depofited
the regalia of Hungary, confilting of the
{cription
crown
king.
re
32 mile
lat. 48
Pres
a mark
fiderabl¢
another
eight
NNW of
26 N.
Pres
Terra d
its terri
fraria.
314 20 E
Pres
Tufcan
fix fortr
cany, ar
ceded Si
were defi
cation be
dom of
ceded to
Their n
Porto
Monte P
PRESO
feated on
cow. Li
PREST
norfhire, |
markable
feated ne:
rich valle
ter and |
lat. 52 1
PREST
with ar
and Satur
Ribble, |
Tt has a
by a may
parliamer
and other
ee ¢
edne(d:
and that
jinen-clot
ton is no!
in 1775,
foners.
and 214 |
lat. §3 4
Prest
dingtonth
for the de
rebels in
Hadding:
PRE
crown and fceptre of Stephen their firft
king. The Lutherans have a church
here. Prefburg is feated on the Danube,
32 miles sB of Vienna. Lon. 17 11 £,
lat. 48 14.N.
Prescot, a town in Lancafhire, with
a market on Tuefday. Here is a con-
{iderable manufacture of failcloth, and
another of gold hands for watches. It is
eight miles £ of Liverpool, and 195
nnw of London. Lon. 2 51 w, lat. 53
26 N.
PRESENZANO, a town of Naples, in
Terra di Lavora. It appears by an in-
{cription, that it is the ancient Ruts, and
its territory has the name of Cofta Ru-
fraria. It is 28 miles N of Naples. Lon.
14 20 E, lat.41 20 N.
Presipil, STATE OF, a territory of
Tufcany, in the Siennefe. It includes
fix fortrefles, feated on the coait of Tuf-
cany, and which Spain referved, when it
ceded Sienna to the grand duke. They
were defigned to facilitate the communi-
cation between the Milanefe and the king-
dom of Naples. In 1735, they were
ceded to the king of the Two Sicilies.
Their names are, Orbitello, ‘Telemone,
Porto Hercole, Porto San-Stephano,
Monte Philippo, and Porto Longone.
Presovia, a town of Little Poland,
feated on the Viftula, 20 miles E of Cia-
cow. Lon. 20 168, lat. 50 ION.
PRESTEIGN, the county-town of Rad-
norfhire, with a market on Saturday, re-
markable for barley and malt. It is
feated near the fource of the Lug, |
rich valley, 30 miles wNw of Worce!
ter and 149 of London. Lon. 2 38 w,
lat. 52 13.N.
Presron, a borough in Lancafhire,
with a market on Wednelday, Friday,
and Saturday. It is feated on the river
Ribble, over which is a ftone bridge.
It has a large market-place, is governed
by amayor, and {ends two members to
parliament. Here is a court of chancery,
and other offices of juftice, for the county-
peyting of Lancatter. The markets on
ednefday and Friday are for provifions,
and that on Saturday for corn, cattle,
jinen-cloth, and other commodities. Pref{-
ton is noted for the defeat of the rebels
in 1745, when they were all made pri-
foners. {t is 2: miles 8 of Lancatter,
and 214. NNW of London. Lon.2 53 w,
lat. 63 46 N.
Preston Pans, a village in Had-
dingtonfhire, noted for its falt works, and
for the defeat of the royal army by the
rebels in i745. It is four miles w of
Haddington,
PRI
PREVESA, a feaport of Turkey in
Europe, in Albania, feated on the gulf of
Larta, with a bifhop’s fee. It ftands on
the ruins of the ancient Nicopolis, built
by the emperor Auguftus, in memory of
his viétory oyer Antony. It belongs te
the Venetians, and was takr: by them in
1684. It is feated on a mountain, 70
miles NW of Lepanto, Lon.21 5 gy
lat. 39 14.N.
PREUIL}.Y, a town of France, in the
department of Indre and Loire and late
province of Touraine. Near it are mines
of iron; and to the sw is La Haye, a
{mall town on the Creufe, famous as the
birthplace of Defcartes. Preuilly is feat-
ed on the Claife, 18 miles s of Loches.
PRIAMAN, a feaport of the E Indies,
in Sumatra, where the Dutch have a fac-
toy Lon. 98 o£, lat. 1 os.
PrINCE’s ISLaNp, a fmall ifland on
the w coaft of Africa, 250 miles sw
of Loango. Lon. 6 4o 8, lat. 1 49 N.
PRINCE'S IsLAND, a fmall ifland of
Afia, at the sw extremity of the {traits
of Sunda, a few leagues from the coat of
Java. It is very woody, and not much
cleared. The inhabitants are Javanefe,
whofe rajah is fubjeét to the tultan of
Bantam ; and their cuftoms are very fimi-
lar to thofe of the natives about Batavia.
The beit anchoring place is in lon. 10g
17 E, lat.o 36s.
PRINCE oF WALES, -Capg, the
molt weftern extremity of all America,
hitherto known, difcovered by captain
Cook in 1778. Lon. 168 5 w, lat. 65
Prince OF WALEs, Fort, the mott
Norther iettlement of the Hudion’s Ba
Company, ‘cated on the w fide of Hud-
fon’s Bay, at the mouth of Churchill Ri-
ver. Lon. 94 7 W, lat. 58 47 N.
PRINCETON, a town of the United
States, in New Jeriey, noted tor a college,
founded in 1738, and culled Naflay Hall.
It is 43 miles Ne of Philadelphia.
PRINCE WILLIAM Hew ry’s ISLAND,
an ifland in the Eat! oa Ocean, lying
wnw of Tench’s Lusad. It is pretty
high, and 7o miles in circuit.: It is well
wooded, has a luxuriant and picturefque
appearance, and is fuppofed to be fertile
and well peopled. ‘The natives are quite
naked, and izem to be the fame fort of
people as thofe on Tench’s Ifland, and
their canoes of the fame conftruction. It
was diitovered by lieutenants Ball and
King, int790. A high mountain, rifing
in the centre of it, was cabled Mount Phil-
lip. Lon. 149 30:8, lat. 1 jas.
Prince WithAM HENRY’s Isiand,
PRI
an ifland of the § Pacific Ocean, difcovered
by captain Wallis, in 1767. Lon, 141
6 w, lat. 17 o 8.
Prince WILLIAM’s Sounp, a gulf
en the Nw coatt of America, fo named
by captain Cook, in-1778. The men,
women, and children, are here all clothed
in the fame manner. Their ordinary
dre{s is a fort of clofe robe, which fome-
times reaches only to the knees, but ge-
nerally down to the ancles. They are
compotfed of the fkins of various animals,
and are commonly worn with the hairy
fide outward. ‘The men often paint their
faces of a black colour, and of a bright
red, and fometimes of a bluith or leaden
hae; but not in any regular figure. The
women ‘punéture or fttain the -hin with
black, that comes to a point in each of
their cheeks. Their canoes are of two
forts; the one large and open, the other
{mall and covered: the framing confitts of
flender pieces of wood, and the outfide
is compofed of the fkins of feals, or other
fea animals, ftretched over the wood.
Their weapons, and implements for hunt-
ing and fifhing, are the fame as thofe ufed
by the Efquimaux. Our knowledge of
the animals of this part of the continerft
is intirely derived trom the fkins that
were brought by the natives for fale.
Thefe were principally of bears, common
and pine martens, fea otters, feals, ra-
coons, {mall ermines, foxes, and the
whitifh cat or lynx. The birds found
here were the halcyon, or great king-
fither, which had fine bright colours; the
whiteheaded eagle, and the humming-
bird. Few vegetables of any kind were
obferved; and the trees that chiefly grew
about the Sound were the Canadian
fpruce pine, fome of which are of a con-
tiderable fize. Lon. 147 21 w, lat. 59
33.N.
PRINCIPATO, a province of Naples,
divided into Principato Ulteriore and
Principato Citeriore, that is, the Further
and Hither Principato. Principato Cite-
riore is bounded on the N by Principato
Ulteriore and Terra-di-Lavora, on the w
and s by the Mediterranean, and on the &
by Bafilicata. It is 60 miles long and
30 broad; the foil fertile in wine, corn,
oil, and faffron; and it has a great deal
of filk, and feveral mineral fprings. Sa-
lerno is the capital. Priucipato Ulteri-
ore is bounded on the N by the Molite
and Terra-di-Lavora, on the w by the
Mediterranean, on the s by Principato
Citeriore, and on the E by Capitanata.
It is 37 miles long and 30 broad. ‘The
Appennine mountains render the air cold,
PRO
and the foil is not very fertile, either in
corn or wine; but it produces cheftnuts,
and has excellent paftures. Benevento is
the capital.
_ Prispenia, a town of Turkey in Eu-
rope, in Bofnia, with a bifhop’s fee, and
a magnificent church. It is feated on
the Drin, 32 miles Ng of Albanapolis,
and 195 N of Belgrade. Lon. 21 3 £,
lat. 42 ON.
. Pristina, a town of Turkey in Eu-
rdpe, in Servia. It was pillaged by the
Auftrians in 1689; and is feated on the
Rufca, 58 miles Nw of Nifla, and 150
se of. Belgrade. Lon. 22 § £, lat. 42
43.N.
PrIvas, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ardeche and late province of
Dauphiny. It is feated on a hill, near
the confluence of three fmall rivers, 16
miles n of Viviers. Lon. 4 41, lat. 44
45M
"yeaguas an ifland of Italy, in the
gulf of Naples, near that of Tichia. It
is eight miles in circumference, and very
fertile and populous. ‘The capital, of the
fame name, is a {mall fortified place, on
a high craggy rock, by the feafide. Lon.
14 8 Ey lat. go 43 N.
Prom, a town of the kingdom of
Burmah, feated on the Menan, 200 miles
Nw of Pegu. Lon. 9408, lat.17 son.
PROVENCE, a late province of France,
138 miles long and 100 broad; bounded
on the n by Dauphiny, on the s by the
Mediterranean, on the w by Languedoc,
and on the £ by the Alps and the river
Var. The air near the Alps and Dau.
phiny is cold, on the feacoaft hot, and in
the middle temperate. In that which
was called Upper Provence, the {oil is
fertile in corn and paftures ; but in Lower
Provence, dry kad fandy. It produces,
however, wine, oil, figs, almonds, prunes,
and pomegranates, along the feacoaft from
Toulon to Nice. . There are orange and
citron-trees in the open fields; and many
medicinal plants, mineral waters, and
mines of feveral kinds. Provence now
forms the departments of Var, the Lower
Alps, and the Mouths of the Rhone.
ROVIDENCE, one of the leaft of the
Rahama [Iflands, but the beft of thofe
planted by the Englifh. It was taken by
the Spaniards in 1782, but retaken the
next year. It lies 200 miles £ of Florida.
Lon. 77 1 W, lat. 24 50 N.
PROVIDENCE, an ifland in. the At-
lantic, whieh the Englith bucaniers for-
tified, but afterward abandoned. It is
tso miles £ of the coaft of Nicaragua.
Lon. 80 44 W; late 13 25 Ny
fideral
ries oO
elega:
leve.
ot a
NW of
50 N.
Pra
departd
provin
tor its
fer'ves
Mutehr
1§ 25
Pru
ed on
Brander
by the
ania, Sa
miles in
narrowe
flax, he
is got a
animals
commor
and uri,
monf{tro
to beevi
and ftro
a great
betide tl
inhabite
good {a
of mecl
is hufbz
the 13th
knights
that par
or Wef
1V; kin
into the
the fan
itrained
Eaftern
crown |
Brander
the. inte
PRU
PROVIDENCE, a river of N America,
which rifes in the ftate of Maffachufets,
and waters the town of Providence, from
whence it is navigable to Narraganfet
Bay, which it enters on the w fide of
Rhode [fland.
PROVIDENCE, a flourifhing town in
the ftate of Rhode Ifland. It has a con-
fiderable manufacture of cloth, and car-
ries on a large foreign trade. Here is an
elegant college, called Rhode Ifland Col-
leze. Providence is feated on both fides
of a river of the fame name, 30 miles
nw of Newport. Lon. 71 26 w, lat. 41
50 N.
PROVINS, a town of France, in the
department of Seine and Marne and late
province of the Ifle of France, famous
for its mineral waters and excellent con-
ferves of rofes. It is feated on the Vou-
zie, 30 miles sE of Meaux, and 47 sE of
Paris. Lon. 3 22 8, lat. 48 34.N.
PRucK, a town of Auftria, feated on
the Leita, 22 miles sw of Prefburg, and
22 Seof Vienna. Lon.16 58 £, lat. 48
5.N.
PRUCK, a town of Stiria, feated on the
Muehr, 66 miles sw of Vienna. Lon.
1§ 25 By lat. 47 24.N.
PRUSSIA, a country of Europe, bound-
ed on the s by Poland, on the w by
Brandenburg and Pomerania, on the N
by the Baltic, and on the z& by Lithu-
ania, Saiogitia, and Poland. It is 500
miles in Jength, and roo in breadth, where
narroweft. It produces a great deal of
flax, hemp, and corn; and yellow amber
is got along the feacoaft. ‘The domettic
animals are numerous; and, befide the
common game, there are elks, wild afies,
and uri, in the forefts. The uri are of a
monftrous fize, and have fome refemblance
to beeves: their hides are extremely thick
and ftrong, and are fold to foreigners at
a great price. There are two large lakes,
betide the rivers Viitula and Pregel. The
inhabitants are induitrious, robuft, and
good foldiers: there are a great number
of mechanics, but their principal bufinefs
is hufbandry, and feeding of cattle. In
the 13th century all Pruffia belonged to the
knights of the Teutonic Order. In 1454,
that part, fince denominated Polith, Royal,
or Weftern Pruffia, revolted to Cafimir
1V, king of Poland, and was incorporated
into the dominions of the republic. At
the fame time, the knights were con-
itrained to hold the remaining part, called
Eaftern or Ducal Pruffia, as a fief of the
crown of Poland. In 1525, Albert of
Brandenburg, the grand matter, betrayed
the. interefts of bit, fintemnbey, and con.
PUE
cluded a treaty with Sigifmund, king of
Poland, by which Eattern Pruifia was
ere&ted into an hereditary duchy, and
given to himas a Polith fief. Having
adopted the tenets of Luther, he mar-
ried a princefs of Denmark, and tran{-
mitted this rich inheritance to his de-
{cendants ; one of whom, Frederic’ Wil-
liam, the great elector, was the firft duke
that threw off his dependence on Poland.
His fon, Frederic 1, in 1701, affumed
the title of King of Pruffia, which
was foon after acknowledged by all the
Chriftian powers, except Poland, which
“did not acknowledge it till 1764. In
1772, Frederic 111 compelled the Poles to
cede to him the whole of Weftern Pruifia,
the cities of Dantzic and Thorn excepted ;
and, in 1793, the prefent king of Pruffia,
by another torced ceffion, obtained poflet-
fion of thofe cities, with fome other pro-
vinces (fee POLAND) to which he has
given the name of Southern Pruffia. Ko-
ningfberg is the capital of all Pruffia.
Pruri, ariver of Poland, which rifes
in Red Ruffia, in the mountain of Cra-
pach, crofles part of the palatinate of
Lemburg, runs through ail Moldavia,
and falls into the Danube.
PrkoF, or PLESKOF, a government of
Ruf ia, once a republic, tubdued by Ivan
Vauilivitch, and formerly compvrifed in
the government of Novogorod.
PskoF, or PLESKOF, a lake of Ruffia,
in a government of the fame name.
PskoF, or PLESFOF, a town of Raf-
fia, capital of a government of the ame
name, with an archbifhop’s fee, aad a
{trong caftle. It is feated on the river
Velika, 80 miles $s of Narva, and 150
by w of Peterfburgh. Lon. 27 52 &,
lat. 57 58 N.
PupparR, a river of Hindooftan Pro.
per, which rifes in the sw part of Agi-
mere, divides the provinces of Cutch and
Gurerat, and falls into the gulf of Cutch,
PvueBLA, 2 townot Spain, in Eftra-
madura, feated near the Guadiana, 1¢
miles wof Meridad. Lon. 6 23 w, lat.
38 42 N.
PUEBLA-DE-LOS-ANGELES, a popu-
lous town of New Spain, in the audience
of Mexico, and province of Tlafcala,
w3th a bifhop’s fee. It is 62 miles se of
Mexico.
Puesia-Nuova, a feaport of New
Spain, in the audience of Guatimala, and
province of Veragua. It is feated ona
bay of the Pacific Occan, 200 miles
w of Panama. Lon. $3 28 w, lat. 8
43 N.
PUENTE-DEL-ARCOBISPO, a town of
PUL
Spain, in Eftramadura, which belongs to
the archbithop of Toledo, and is fated on
the river Tajo, over which is a handfome
bridge, 40 miles sw of Toledo. Lon.
4 15 W, lat. 39 38 .N.
PUENTE-DE-LA-REYNE, a town of
Spain, in Navarre, feated on the river
Agra, ro miles sw of Pampeluna. Lon.
Y 39 W, lat. 42 41 N.
Puerro Beitto, Puerto Rico,
&c. For all names, which, in the Spa-
nifh language, fignify a port, fee PorTO;
for, although that word is not Spanith,
but Italian, it is neceffary to adhere to it,
in this work, in conformity to the Eng-
lifh pronunciation.
PuGiia, the modern name of the an-
cient Apulia, containing the three pro-
vinces of Capitanata, Bari, and Otranto,
on the E fide of the kingdom of Naples.
PuLaon, an ifland in the Indian Ocean,
lying on the w of the Philippines. It is
very fertile, and fubject to its own king,
who is tributary to that of Borneo. Lon.
329 12 Ey lat. 9 30 N.
PuLo-CanTon, an ifland in the In-
dian Ocean, on the coaft of Cochin-China.
Lon. 109 35 £, lat. 15 10 N.
PuLo-Conpore, the name of feveral
iflands in the Indian Ocean, the principal
of which isthe only one inhabited. It is
13 miles in length, and nine in breadth,
but in fome places not above a mile over.
The foil of thefe iflands is blackifh, and
pretty deep, but the hills are fomewhat
ftony. The trees are not very thick, but
large, tall, and fit for any ufe. The
principal fruits are mangoes, a fort of
‘grapes, and baftard nutmegs. The ani-
mals are hogs, lizards, and guanas, and
there are birds of various kinds, not
known in other parts. The inhabitants
are {mall of ftature, of a dark complexion,
with {mall black eyes, thin lips, white
teeth, little mouths, and black ttraight
hair. Their chief employment is to get
tar out of large trees. They are idola-
ters, and have images of elephants in
their temples. Lon. 107 20 £, lat. 8
40 N.
Pu.o-DinpinG, an ifland in the In-
dian Ocean, on the w coatt of the penin-
fulaot Malacca. It belongs to the Dutch.
PuLo-Timon, an ifland in the Indian
Ocean, on the £ coaft of the peninfula of
Malacca. It is often touched at for tak-
ing in wood, water, and other refreth-
ments, and there is great plenty of green
turtles. Lon. 104 25 E, 9 30N.
Pu.o-Way, an ifland in the Indian
Ocean, near the N point of that of Su-
matxa. It is the largeft of the iflands
PUT
that form the entrance of the channel of
Achem, and is peopled by men banithed
from .Achem. Lon. 95 39 E, lat. 5
ON,
: PuLTausk, 2 town of Great Poland,
in the palatinate of Mafovia, feated on
the Nareu, 20 miles NE of Warlaw,
Lon. 21 47 E, lat. 50 30 N.
Pu.rowa, a fortified town of the
Ukraine, famous for a battle in. 1709,
between Peter the Great and Charles x11
of Sweden, wherein che latter was to-
tally defeated. It is roo miles sw of
Belgorod. Lon. 34 25 Ey lat. 49 26 N.
Puna, an ifland in the Pacific Ocean,
35 miles long and 12 broad, lying at the
entrance of the bay of Guiaquil, 115
miles N of Paita. Lon. 81 6 w, lat. 3
17S.
PuNTA-DEL-GuDA, the capital of St.
Michael, one of the Azores, with a ftrong
caftle, and a harbour. Lon. 25 42 w,
lat. 37 47 N.
PurBECK, IsLE OF, a rough and
heathy tract in Dorfetthire, to the s of
Poole Bay. It is intulated by the fea
and rivers, and is famous for its ftone
quarries. The principal of thefe lie at
its eaftern extremity, near Swanwick,
whence the ftone is exported. It is of
the calcareous kind, but diftinguithed into
numerous forts, the fineft of which take
a polith, and deferve the name of marble,
Thefe are nearly black ; and fome abound
in fhells, and are ufed for chimneypieces,
ravettones, hearths, &c. ‘The coarfer
Finds are made ule of in paving. To-
bacco-pipe clay is dug up in feveral parts
of this ifland; the fineft near Corte Caf-
tle, of which much is exported, particu-
larly for the Staffordthire potteries.
PURRYSBURG, a town of the United
States, in Georgia, built by a colony of
Swifs. It is feated on the river Savannah,
30 miles Nw of the town of Savannah.
Lon. 80 40 Ww, lat. 32 22N. Puke
PuTALa, a mountain of Great Thibet,
feven miles £ of Laffa. On its fummit
is the palace of the grand lama, the high
prieft and fovereign of Thibet. |
Putney, a village in Surry, feated on
the Thames, five miles wsw of London.
It is the birthplace of the unfortunate
Thomas Cromwell, earl of Effex, whofe
father wasa black{mith here ; and of Ni-
cholas Weft, bifhop of Ely, his contem-
porary, a great ftatefman, whofe tather
was a baker. On Putney Common is an
. obelifk, ere&ted in 1786, by the city of
London, in commemoration of Mr. Hart.
ley’s invention of ‘fireplates, for fecuring
-buildings from fire; and near it is the
houfe
experi
when |
family
floor,
them
Puy
the dep
province
tain A
princip
gious q
of Puy
erftitic
rad ki
their ’ he
lace and
Mende.
Puyc
in Catal
It is feat
in a ple
Pyrences
67 NWO
42 36.N.
Puy-
France,
vince of
magne, a
bread, on
France.
plain are
canoes, bu
herds, and
tal of this
Puy-ep
in the dey
and late pi
of Saumur
13 W, lat.
Purzat
the departn
of Languec
and 238
lat. 43 35
Pu2z01
confiderable
Naples. EF
rapis, an i
quity, bein
man and G
manner Of |
Egyptian é
at Puzzoli,
rium of Ita
tia and Ani
villas near ¢
a8 to pivelé
this great’ o.
of Naples.”
Py pee
hire,’ with ;
parts
Cal.
icu-
ited
ny of
\ nah,
bnali.
ibet,
nmit
high
id on
don.
nate
yhole
. Ni-
em-
ther
$s an
y of
art.
ring
the
PUL
houfe in which ‘that gentleman madé his’
experiments, one in particular, in 1776,
when his majeity, and fome of the royal
family, were’in a room over the ground.
floor, perfe&ily fate, while the room under
them was furioufly burning.
Puy, a populous town of France, in
the department of Upper Loire and late
province of Velay, feated on the moun-
tain Anis, near the river Loire. The
principal church is famous for a prodi-
gious quantity of relics; and Our Lady
of Puy is celebrated in the annals of fu-
paren The date canons of Puy have
iad _ kings and’ dauphins of France at
their’ head. Puy has manufactures of
lace and filk tute, and is 45 miles NE of
Mende.
PuyceERDA, a ftrong town of Spain,
in Catalonia, and capital of Cerdagna.
It is feated between the Carol and Segra,
in a pleafant plain, at the fvot of the
Pyrences, 53 miles w of Perpignan, and
67 NW of Barcelona. Lon. 1 50 8, lat.
42 36 .N.
Puy-pE-Dome, a departinent ' of
France, containing part of the late pro-
vince of Auvergne, and almoft all Li-
magne, aterritory 12 leagues long by fix
bread, one of the moft fertile plains in
France. The borders of this circular
plain are mountains, once {o many ‘vol-
canoes, but now covered with habitations,
herds, and flocks. Clermont is the capi-
tal of this department.
Puy-EN-ANyou, ‘a town of F-ance,
in the department of Maine and Loire
and late province of Anjou, 10 miles sw
of Saumur, and 160 of Paris. Lon. o
13. W, lat. 47 6 .N.
PUYLAURENS, a town of France, in
the department of Tarn and Jate province
of Languedoc, eight miles sw ct Caftres,
and 23 £ of Touloufe. Lon. 1 578,
lat. 43 35 Ne id
Pu2zoLt, a celebrated, but now in-
confiderable town of Italy, on ee bay of.
Naples. Here is a temple of Jtipiter Se-
rapis, an interetting monument of anti-
quity, being quite different trom, the Ro-
man and Greck temples, and built in the
manner of the Afiatics ; probably by the
Egyptian and Afiatic merchants fettled
at Puzzoli, which was the great empo-
rium of Italy, till the Romans built O!-
tiaand-Antium. The ruins of Cicero's
villa, near this place, are'of fuch extent,
as to givel@ “high idea’ of the weulth of
this great:drator. “Puzzoli is ‘ro'miles W
of Naples." C2aF, see: f
PycHeny; a feaport~in: Carnarvon-'
thirey’ with a iflarket on Wednefday. It
P YR
is feated dt ‘the head of an inlet of Car-,
digan Bay, between two rivers, fix miles
s of Newin, and 143 Nw of’ London.
Lon.4 15 W, lat. 52 saN..
' Pyrkamips oF EcyPt, ftru&tures for-
merly counted one of the Seven Wonders
of the World. They are built upon a
rock, ut the foot of the high mountains
which accompany the Nile in its courfe,
and feparate Egypt from Lybia; and
there are many of thefe edifices at a,
greater diftance in the defert. Various.
ave been the conjetures how and when
they were built; but this is certain, that
_they are extremely ancient, and that there
is no account, in any author of credits
when or for what reaion they were found.
ed: moft imagine they were defigned for
tombs, thongh there is no entrance into
two of them. The principal pyramids
are ESE of Gize, a village on the w shore
of the Nile. There are four of them
that deferve the attention of the curious;
for though there are feven or eight others.
in the neighbourhood, they are nothing in
comparifon of the former: the two larref
pyramids are 500 fect in perpendicular.
height. The plain they ftand on is a cone
tinual rock, almoft covered with a moving
fand, in which are great numbers of fhells
and petrified oyfters. The moft northern
of thefe great pyramids is the only one
that is open; and it is three hours jour-
ney from Old Cairo. The external part
is chiefly built of great fquare ftones, of
an equal fize, but have all the figure of a
prifm, that they may adhere to each other
the clofer; for they have neither cement
nor cramps of any metal. The entrance
infd it is on the N fide; and the opening
leads to five different paffages, which,
though running upward, downward, and
horizontally, tend all toward the s, and
terminate in two chambers, the one un-
derneath, and the other in the centre of
the pyramid. In the upper chamber is
a tomb, or farcophagus, which fhows b
its dimenifions, that men were of the fame
fize then, as now: it'is of granite, and if
{trick upon with a key, it founds like a
bell. The afcent to the top of the pyra-
mid, on the outfide, is by fteps, which
are the height of each ftone, the lowermoit
being four feet high and three broad. _
The baie at the w fide of it is 693. feet,
and as the pyramid is exactly fquare, the.
whole area of the bafe contains 480,249,
fquare feet, or 11, acres and foinewhat
more, ‘The top does not end in d point,
but in a little flat or {quare, where {ome
imagine the Egyptian pritits made their
aftronomical obfervations,
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QUA
PyRzENEAN Mounrains, or PyRe-
NEES, mountains which divide France
from Spain, and are the moft celebrated
in Europe, except the Alps. They reach
from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic,
and are about 212 miles in length.. They
have different names, peas to their
different fituations; and the paflages over
them are not fo difficult as thofe of the
Alps.
Pyasnkil, EASTERN, a department
of France, containing the late province
of Roufillon. Although great part of
the country is mountainous,, it is fertile ;
producing corn, excellent wines, olives,
oranges, and leather of a fuperior quality.
Perpignan is the capital.
Pyrenees, Lower, a department
of France, containing the late provinses
of Bafques and Bearn.. Pau is the capi-
tal. See NAVARRE.
PYRENEES, UPPER, a department of
France, containing the late province of
Bigorre. Here are excellent. hories and
good partridges. The vallies are yay
tertile; furmthing rye, millet, Spanifh.
corn, and flax. The mountains have
mines of ‘lead, iron, and copper, and
uarries of flate, marble, and jafper.
Farbes is the capital.
PyYRMONT, a town of Weftphalia, in
a county of the fame name, fubjeét to the
prince of Waldeck, with a cattle, the re-
fidence of the governor, Near it are mi-
neral waters, well known to all Europe,
and often frequented by perfons of the
higheft rank. It is 40 miles sw of Ha-
nover. Lon. 9 2:0 E, lat. 52 ON.
Pyrwna, a town of the ele&orate of
Saxony, in Mifnia. It has a cattle, on
a mountain called Sonnenftein, which has
been fometimes ufed as a_ftate prifon.
Near it is a fine quarry of ftone, which
is tranfported to different places by the
river Elbe. Pyrna is feated on the Elbe,
ro miles SE of Drefden. Lon. 13 56 £,
fat. 51 6 N. yt
PysEcx, a town of Bohemia, in the
circle of Prachin, feated on the Atto-
way,, near the Muldaav, 50 miles s of
Prague. Lon. 14 46 #, lat. 49 16 Ne
O.
UADIN, a town of Upper Egypt,
QUA
Ofnaburg, feated on the Hafe, 22 miles
w of Ofmaburg. Lon, 8 20 £, lat. 52
46 N.
GEAR GsFIHO7 OU, a city of China,
in the 8 part of Pe-tcheli, between the
provinces of Chang-tong and Ho-nan. Its.
diftrift. contains nine cities of the third
clafs.
QuaAna-s1, a provinee of China, bound-
ed gn the nN by Koei-tcheou and Hou-
quang, on the w by Yunnan and the
kingdom. of Tonquin, on the s by the
.gulf of Tonquin and the province of
Quang-tong,, and on the BE by the fame
and Hou-quang. ‘The fouthern part is a
‘flat country, and well cultivated; but the
northern ‘is full of mountains. covered
with trees. It is watered by feveral
large rivers, and produces fo much rice,
as to fupply the inhabitants of Quang-
tong for fix months in the year. Its nu-
merous. mountains abound with mines of
gold, filver, copper, and «in. In this
province grows. a fingular tree, which, in-
ftead of pith, contains a foft pulp, that
yiclds a kind of flour; and the bread.
made of it is faid to.be exceedingly good.
Befide paroquets, hedge-hogs, and the rhi-
noceros, a psodigious number of wild
animals, curious birds, and uncommon
infeéts.are found. here. Quei-ling-fou is
the capital.
VANG-TONG, a province. of Chim,
bounded on the w by Quang-fi and Ton-
quin, on the N by Hou-quang and Kiang-
fi, on the NE by. Fokien, and on the s by
ihe Chinele Sea. It is diverfified by val-
lies aud: mountains, and yields two crops
of corn in a year. It abounds in gold,
jewels, filk, pearls, tin, quickfilver, brals,
iron, fteel, faltpetre, fugar, ebony, and
feveral forts of odoriferous wood ; hefide
fruits of all kinds. Here is a tree, whole
wood is remarkably hard and heavy, and
thence called iron wood. The mountains
are covered. with. a fort of ofiers which
creep along the ground, and are fo tough
that bafkets, hurdles, mats, and ropes are
made of them. The inhabitants of this
province breed a prodigious number of
ducks, whofe eggs they: hatch in ovens;
but it does not appear that they have re-
ceived this cuftom from Egypt. They
load a great number of barks with them,
and carry them in flocks to feed on the
feafhore.. Thefe fimall fleets generally go
remarkable for a great number of in company, and the ducks mix together
valuable and ancient monuments. It is
-feated on the Nile, between Elne and
Dandeér.
4
» QUAKENBRUGGE, or QUAKENBURG,
on the thore; but, when night approaches
they are colle&ted together by oniy beat-
ing on a bafin; they immediately form
themfelves into;different flocks, and each
a town of Weltphalia, in the bishopric ot returns to the veffel it belongs to. Can-
eo
4
ton i
fides
thet
U
of BS
of the
It is °
the up
in eac
ftrong
vernor
the tov
fome.
rows a
mile H
or five
large
and co
baftions
ground
at the
was ere
Englith
1626;
1759) it
atter a
general
and con
1763.
the Atl
Bofton.
UED
Mattne
cipal tow
to the Di
300 mil
Lon. 100
QUED.
Saxony,
with a f
abbefs is
inhabitar
ing, huf
It is 1017
IT 345,
UEE}
in oe ifl
Monday :
ttrong ca
till to be
the inhab
being her
flavour.
oO anc
B, lat. $x
QUEEN
montory «
gia. ip
QUEEN
cape of 1
Lon, 167
QUE
ton is the Sapleets but the viceroy re-
fides at Chao-king.
UARTEN, a town of Swifferland, near
the lake Wallenttadt, five miles £ of Glarus.
QUEBEC, a city of N America, capital
of Lower Canada, firuate at the confluence
of the rivers St. Lawrence and St. Charles.
It is byilt on a rock, and is divided into
the upper and lower town. The houfes
in each are of ftone, and the fortifications
ftrong, though not regular. The go-
vernor refides in a citadel, which covers
the town, and is both regular and hand-
fome. The river St. Lawrence here nar-
rows all of a fudden to the breadth of a
mile; but from hence to the fea it is tour
or five leagues broad, and navigable for
large men of war. The harbour is fafe
and commodious, and flanked by two
baftions, that are raifed 25 feet from the
ground, which is the height of the tides
at the time of the equinox. This cit
was erected by the French in 1605. The
Englith reduced it, with all Canada, in
1626; but it was reftored in 1632. ‘In
1759, it was again taken by the Englith,
atter a battle memorable for the death of
general Wolfe, in the arms of victory,
and confirmed to them by the peace of
1763. Itis 400 miles by the river, from
the Atlantic Ocean, and 590 NW of
Bofton. Lon. 69 48 w, lat. 46 55.N.
QuepDA, akingdom in the peninfula of
Malacca, tributary to Siam. The prin-
cipal town, of the fame name, is fubjeé
tothe Dutch. It has a harbour, and is
300 miles Nn of the city of Malacca,
Lon. 100 5 £, lat.7 5 N.
QUEDLINGBURG, a town of Upper
Saxony, in the principality of Anhalt,
with a famous proteftant abbey, whofe
abbefs is a princels of the empire. ‘The
inhabitants of the town fubfitt by brew-
ing, hufbandry, and feeding of cattle.
It is 10 miles se of Halberftadt. Lon.
11 34.E£, lat.52 1 N. ;
QUEENBOROUGH, a borough in Kent,
in the ifle of Shepey, with a market on
Monday and Thurfday. It had once a
ftrong caftle, the remains of which are
ftill to be feen. The chief employment of |
the inhabitants is oyfter-dredging, cy/ters
being here in great plenty, atid of a fine
flavour. It is 15 miles NW of Canter-
ait and 45 £ of London. Lon.o 48
EB, lat. 51 26N.
QuzEN CHARLOTTE’s CaPz, a pro-
montory of the ifland of Southern Geo
gia. Lon. 36 11 wy, lat. 54 325.
QuEEN CHARLOTTE’S FORELAND, 4
cape of the itland of New Caledonia.
Lon, 167 328, latwaer5S.
QUE
Corns Cuartorre’s Istanp, ah
ifland }+ the S Pacific Ocean, fix miles
long and une broad, difcovered by captain
Wallis in 1767. Lon. 138 aw, lat, 19
18s,
be ph CHARLOTTE’s SOUND, 2
found at the N extremity of thé s ifland
of New Zealand, near Cook's Strait.
The country here is not fo fteep as at
Duiky Bay, and the hills near the feafide
are in general of an inferior height, but
covered with forefts equally intricate and
impenetrable. The dogs here are of the
lcng-haired fort, with pricked ears, and
much retemble the common fhepherd’s cur,
but they are very ftupid. Lon. 174 132,
lat.41 5s.
Queen's Counry, a hhire of Ireland,
in the province of Leinfter, 30 miles long
and 29 broad; bounded on the N b
King’s County, on the & by Kildare, on
the sz by Catherlough, on the s by Kil-
kenny, and on the w by King’s County
and ‘Tipperary. It was formerly full of
woods and bogs ; but is now much im-
proved. It contains 39 parifhes, and
{ends eight members to parliament. Mary-
borough is the capital.
QUEEN’S-FERRY, a borough in Lin-
lithgowhhire, feated on the frith of Forth,
where it is not more than two miles wide.
It is a much frequented ferry, and.is nine
miles w of Edinburgh. Lon. 3 20W,
lat. 56 oN.
QUEI-LING-FOU, a city of China, ca-
pital of the province of Quang-fi. It has
its name from a flower called guei, which
grows ona tree refembling a laurel, and
emits fuch a fweet and agreeable odour,
that the whole country is perfumed by it.
Its diftri& contains two cities of the
fecond, and feven of the third clafs. It
is feated on a river that empties itfelf
into the Ta-ho, but with fuch rapidity
as not to be navigable; and is 180 miles
N by w of Canton. Lon. 109 55£, lat,
25 30N.
QUENTIN, ST. ftrong town of France,
in the department of Aifne and late pro-
vince of Picardy. Here is a confiderable
manufacture of lawns and cambrics.
Near this place, in 1557, Philip 11 of
Spain, gained a fignal victory over the
French, and afterward took the town b
ftorm. In memory of this, he built the
Efcurial. The town was reftored to
France in 1559. It is feated on an emi-
nence, on the river Sorime, 21 miles s of
Cambray, and 83 N by £ @f Paris. Lon.
329 E, lat.ag SON,
QueRci, a late province of France,
bounded on the re Limofin, on the £
iz
Qu!
by Rouergue and Auvergne, on the s by
Languedoc, and an the w by Perigord.
‘It was divided into the Upper and Lower,
and is fertile in corn, wine, and fruits.
t now forms the department of Lot.
QUERFURT, a town of Upper Saxony,
capital of a principality of the fame name,
fabjeet to the prince of Saxe-Weiflenfels.
It is 12 miles sz of Mansfeldt. Lon. 12
‘ok, lat. 51 27N.
. QuERGUENECY, an ifland of the Me-
diterrancan, on the coait of ‘Tripoli. It
has a fort, and feveral villages.
‘QUEsNOY, a town of France, in the
department of the North and late pro-
vince of French Hain:ult, with an old
cafile. It was taken by the allies in 17113,
and retaken, the fame year. In 1793, it
was taken by the Auttrians, and retaken
the next year. It is feated in an exten-
five plain, on the little river Ronelle,
nine miles sz of Valencicunes, and 122
NE of Paris. Lon.3 qo 8k, Jat. 50 15N.
' QUIBERON, a peninfula of France, in
the department of Morbian and late pro-
vince of Bretagne, to the N of Belleiile.
Tt has a village of the fame name, and a
fort, on the bay of Quiberon. In July
1795, it was taken by, iome French regi-
ments in thé pay of Great Britain; but
owing to the defertion and treachery of
fone of the foldiers, the republicans re-
took it by fijrprife foon afterward,
QuiBo, ani ifland of the Pacific Ocean,
lying on the coaft of Veragua, in New
Spain. Here are 2 great number of
monkies and fallow deer.
QUILLEBOEUF, a town of France, in
the department of Lower Seine and late
province of Normandy, feated on the
Seine, eight miles sw ot Caudebec, and
22 w of Rouen.
QUILMANCI, a town on the coaft of
Zanguebar, in. the kingdom of Melinda.
It is fituate at the mouth of a river of the
fame name, and belongs to the Portuguefe.
Lon. 39 408, lat. 3 305.
QuiLoA, a feaport on the coaft of
Zanguebar, with a fmall citadel. It is
tributary to the Portuguefe; and is feated
ina fertile country, 300 miles N of Mo-
fanbique. Lon.39 9 E, lat.g 308.
QUILON, or COYLON, a Dutch fac-
tory, on the coaft of Malabar, in Tra-
vancore, 14 miles NNW of Anjengo. It
was taken by the Englifh in 1795. Lon.
76 32E, lat.g 2N.
Quimper, a town of France, in the
department of Finifterre and late province
of Bretagne, with a bifhop’s fee. It is
feated at the confluence of the Oder and
Benatidet, 30 miles sz of Brett, and 332:
1
Qu!
w by 5 of Paris.» Lon. 4 2 Wy lat. 47
58 N. :
QuIMPERLAY, a town of France, in the
department of Finifterre and late province
of Bretagne, feated on the Tfotte, feven
miles from the fea, and 20 & by 8 of
Quimper. Lon. 4 338, lat. 47 §2N.
QUINGEY, a town of France, in the
department of Doubs and late province ot
Franche Comté, feated on the Louve, 12
milcs sw of Befangon. Lon.6 5 &, lat.
47 5.Ne
QUINTEN, a town of France, in the
department of the North Coaft and late
province of Bretagne, with a cattle. It
is feated in a valley, near the river Goy,
and a large forett of the fame name, eight
miles ssw of St. Brieux, and 200 w of
Parise Lon. 2 40 Wy, lat. 48 26N.
Quirizv, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Rhone and Loire and late pro.
vince of Lyonois, feated on an eminence,
near the river Rhone, 12 miles $ of Ly-
ons, Lon. 4 §5£, lat. 45 35N-
Qu1RimBaA, the name of {everal iflands
on the coaft of Zanguebar. They are all
fertile in fruits and paftures.
“QUISAMA, a maritime province of
Africa, in the kingdom of Angola, lying
along the river Coanza. It is a mountain.
ous country, and very little cultivated,
but the Portuguele get abundance of fait
there.
QuiTEOA, a town of Morocco, in the
province of Drafs, with a caftle. Lon, 5
ow, lat.28 6N.
OuISTELLO, a town of Italy, in the
duchy of Mantua, feated on the Seccia,
three miles from its confluence with the
Po. It is famous for an action between
the French and Auftrians in 1734, when
marfhal Broglio was furprifed in his bed.
It is 15 miles se of Mantua. Lon.i11
£, lat. 45 0N.
Qurro, an audience of Peru, lying
between two chains of the high mountains
called the Andes. The lands are gene-
rally well cultivated, and there are a great
nuinber of towns and villages inhabited
by the Spaniards or native Americans.
Every village is adorned with a large
fquare, and a church on one fide of it.
The ftreets are generally ftraight, and re-
{pect the four quarters of the world; and
all the roads are laid out in a line, crofling
each other, that the atpeét of the country,
has the appearance of a large garden. -Al-
though this country is,fituate on both fides -
the equator, yet it lies tohigh, and fo near
the mountains covered with {now, - that
the air is very temperate. There are.ne)
noxious animals ;. for the’ tigers and {er-
ents
diftrié
mott
Quito
60,00
is the
that c
try.
woolle’
quanti
for the
to fur
tation
This p
of the
centur
eftabli
pital o
the ju
whole qd
high m
ground t
bitable,
of the
commun
are a for
N of Lin
Quix
audience
Quiz
kingdom
tending |
river Nox
Quoy,
Guinea,
to the Gr
AA
capi
a bithop’
bulwark ;
bridges,
another tl
It is feate
and Rab
55 miles
lat.47 48
Ragas
the depart
of Lang
feated on
Alby. L
RABAT
melen, wi
RAB
pents are below in the forefts. Several
diftriéts of this country are occupied al-
mott intirely by Indians ; and the city of
Quito alone contains, betwe..i 50 and
60,000 of all the different races. This
is the only province in Spanith America
that can be called a manufa&turing coun-
try. Huts, cotton-ftuffs; and coarfe
woollen cloths, are made here in fach
quantities, as to be fufficient, not cnly
for the confurption of the province, but
to furnith a confiderable article for expor-
tation to other parts of Spanifh America,
This province was under the jurifdiction
of the viceroy of Peru, until the prefent
century, when a new viceroyalty was
eftablifhed at St. Fe-de-Bogota, the ca-
pital of the new kingdom of Granada;
the jurifdi&ion of which includes the
whole of Quito and all the provinces of
Terra-Firma.
Quito, acity of Pe:t, in an audience
of the fame name, and a bifhop’s fee. It
is feated in a pleafant valley, between
high mountains, and on much higher
ground than the reft of Peru that is ha-
bitable, being 309 yards above the level
of the fea. Here are feveral religious
communities, and two colleges, which
are a fort of univerfity. It is 820 miles
Nof Lima. Lon. 77 50 W, lat.o 138.
Quixos, a province of Peru, in the
audience of Quito.
Quizina, a chain of mountains in the
kingdom of Fez, 100 miles in length, ex-
tending from the defert of Gret to the
river Nocor.
Quoya, a kingdom on the coat of
Guinea, which reaches froin Sierra Leone
to the Grain Coaft.
R
R248: a town of Lower Hungary,
capital of Javerin, with a caftle, and
a bifhop’s fee. It is a ftrong frontier
bulwark againft the Turks, and has two
bridges, one over a double ditch, ‘and
another that leads toward Alba ‘Regalis.
It is feated at the confluence of the’ Raab
and Rabnitz, not far from the Danube;
55 miles:sz of Vienna. Lon.17 252,
lat. 47 48N. * aaa
RABASTEINS, a town: of France, in
the department of Tarn and late AMAT
of Languedoc, with a decayed caftle,
feated on the Tarn, 18 miles w by s of
Alby. Lon.1 528, lat. 43 46N.
RABAT, a feaport of Atrica, in Tre-
mefen, with acaitle. It aas fine mofques
RAD
and handfome palaces, and is feated at
the mouth of the Burigrig, between Fez
and Tangier. Lon, 5 28 w, lat. 34 40 Ne
RACHORE, or ADONI-RacHore, a
city of the peninfula of Hindooftan, ca-
ital of a ditric of the fame narne, fubs
jet to the nizam of the Deccan. It is
feated on the s bank of the Kiftna, near
its confluence with the Tungebadra, 31 5
miles N by £ of Scringapatam. Lon. 7%
IS5E, lat. 16 30N.
RACKERSBURG, a ftrong town of Ger.
many, in Stiria, with a caftle on a moun.
tain. Tt is feated on an idland, formed
by the’ Muehr, 22 miles sé of Gratz,
and roo s of Vienna. Lon. a5 58. By
lat. 46 san.
Racuia, a finall uninhabited ifland of
tle Archipelago, near that of Nio,
RACONI, a populous town of Pied-
mont, feated in a pleafant plain, on the
rivers Grana and Macra. fe belongs te
the prince of Carignano, who has a cattle
here. It is fix miles from Carignano,
Lon. 7 468, lat. 44 39N. va
Rapicoranr, a town of Tufcany,
feated on 2 mountain, and defended bya
citadel on an adjacent hill, 56 miles sz
of Sienna. Lon. 11 408, lat.42 42.
RaADMANDORF, a town of Germany,
in Carniola, near the fource of the river
Save, 16 miles w of Crainburg,. ©
Rapnor, New, a borough in Rad:
norfhire, with a market ‘on Thurfday,,
It was formerly the county-tow'n; but
the ailizes are now held at Prefteiyn. J
is feated near the fource of the Soi nergil,
ina pleaiant valley at the foot of ‘a hill,
where a caitle formerly ftood. It fends
one member to parliament, and. is 24
miles nw of Hereford, and'156 Ww of
London. Lon.2 45 Ww, lat. 52 to N.
RADNORSHIRE, acounty of § Wales,
30 miles long and 25 broad; bounded on,
the £ by Shropfhire and Herefordfhire, on
the nw by Cardiganthire, on the s and
sw by Brecknockfhire, and on this n by
Montgomeryshire. ~ Its principal rivers,
are the’ Wye and. the Tend, the former
dividing it from Bfecknockthire, ‘and the’
latter from Shroplhire. '
parifhes, four market towns, and fends.
two members to parliament. The F and
s parts are tolerably level, and produétive
of corn. The other parts are rude and
moun:ainous ; devoted chiefly to the rear-
ing of cattle and fheep. Prefteign is the
county-town, yin
Rapom, a town of Little, Poland, in
the palatinate of Sandomir, capital of a
county of the {ame name. It ‘is feated
on a brook that falls into the Viftula, 30
li 3
It contains 52.
= ==
(|
4
'
RAK
iles N of Sandomir, and 50 s of War-
w. Lon.21 128, lat. 53 25N.
Racivoio, a town of Italy, in the
Mantuan, feated between Mantua and
Reggio, 42 miles from each.
Pious, an ancient town of Sicily, in
the Val-di-Noto, near the river Maulo,
32 miles N of Modica. Lon.14 598;
lat. 37 ON.
Racusa, acity of Dalmatia, capital
of the Ragufen, and an archbifhop’s fee.
It is two miles in circumference, and
ftrong by fituation, having an inacceffible
mountain on the land fide, and a ftrong
fort on the gulf of Venice. It is a re-
pobtic, and has a doge like that of
enice, but he continues a month only in
his office. It carries on a confiderable
trade with the Turks, and is 60 miles
Nw. of Scutari. Lon.18 10£, lat. 42
5ON.
RaGusEN,or RAGUSIAN DALMATIA,
a territory of Dalmatia, lying along the
coat of the gulf of Venice, about 55
miles in Jength, and 20 in breadth. It
is a republic, under the protection of the
Turks and Venetians, to each of whom
it pays an annual tribute. Ragula is the
capital.
AJAPOUR, a town of Hindooftan, on
the coalt of Malabar, feated on a river of
the fame name, 50 miles N of Goa. Lon.
73 SOE, lat.17 19N.
RajEMAL, a town of Hindooftan Pro-
per, in Bengal; formerly a place of great
trade, but now in a ruinous ftate. It is
feated on the. w bank of the Ganges, 190
miles n by w of Calcutta.
Rain, a town of Upper Bavaria,
feated on the Acha, near the Lech, five
miles £ of Donawert. J.on. 11 12,
fat. 48 5oN. 7
Rain, a town of Germany, in Stiria,
capital of a county of the fame name,
with a caitle. It is -feated on the Save,
68 miles s of Gratz. Lon.15 32£, lat.
46 20N,,
Rain Lake, or Lone Lake, a lake
of N America, lying to the £ of the Lake
of the Woods, with which it communi-
cates by a river, and to the w of Lake
Superior. It is nearly 100 miles long,
but in no part more than 20 wide, o
Rakka, a town of Turkey in Afia,
jn Diarbeck, feated on the Euphrates.
t has a Caftle, going to decay, and is an
indifferent place, but old Rakka, whofe
ruins are near it, was a magnificent city.
It-is 100 miles sw.of Diarbeka:. Lon.
33 55E, lat. 36 1N; ‘
Rakoni¢K, a town of Bohemia, eapi-
RAM
tal of a cirele of the fame name. It is
feated on a river, which falls into the
Miza, 30 miles w of Praguc. Lon.14
SE, lat. 52 4N.
Rama, an ancient town of Paleftine,
now called Ramula by the Turks. The
ftreets are narrow, and the houfes con.
temptible; but there are many fine ruins
of Chriftian churches and other buildings,
which fhow what it has been formerly.
It is 20 miles w by n of ferufalem.
Lon. 34 55, lat. 32 ON.
RaMADA, a feaport of S America, in
New Granada, 100 miles & of St. Mar-
tha. Lon. 72 20W, lat. 11 10N.
RAMANANCOR, an ifland of Afia,
lying toward Cape Comorin, It is 23
miles in circumference; is very fandy,
and has only a few villages and a temple.
Lon. 79 458, lat.g 25N. —
RAMBERT-LE-JOUG, St. a town of
France, in the department of Ain and late
provibne of Brefle. It is feated nevr a
ranch of Mont Jura, called Le Joug,
Lon. § 308,
18 milcs NW of Belley.
lat. 45 53.
RAMBERVILLIERS, 2 town of France,
in the department of the Vofges and late
rovince of Lorrain, 30 miles se of
anci. Lon. 6 446, lat. 48 21N.
RAMBOUILLET, a town of France, in
the department of Seine and Oife and
late province of the Ifle of France. Here
was a palace, in which Francis 1 diced, ‘a
1547, and the late Lewis xvi made ita
magnificent royal, refidence 5 but it was
demolifhed in 1793, by order of the Na-
tional Convention. It is 27 miles sw of
Paris.
RAMEHEAD, a promontory of ‘Corn-
wall, sw of Plymouth, at the entrance
of Plymouth Sound. On its fummit is a
chapel ‘(a feamark) belonging to the vil-
lage of Rame. Lon.4 20 w, lat.. 50
18N.
RAMER 4a town of France, in the de-
partment of Aube and late province of
Champagne, feated on the Aube, 18
miles NE of Troyes. Lon.4 308, lat.
48 32N.
RaMILies, atown of Auftrian Bra-
bant, remarkable for the great vigtory. ob-
tained by the duke of Marlborough, over
the French, on Whitfunday, 1706. It
is 10 miles N of Namur, and 24 SE of,
Bruflels. Lon. 4 508). lat. §0, 39,N-
+ RAMMEKENS, a feaport of the ifle of
Walcheren, in the Dutch province of
Zealand.-: It was one of the: towns put
inco the hands of the Englifh, as a fecu-
rity for a loan in the reign of queen
OP J
of Brift
Flifab
burg.
Ra
extenfi
art o
the p
this
at the
Goflar
Ra
rope, i
36 54
Ra
noted f¢
Ram
with a
in the
and
and cele
of Hun
Lon.o
Ram.
Pembro
and a hg
dangero
ing feafe
and knd
and his
w of St,
Haven.
Rams
Ifle of
piers hay
thips, th
between
piers hz:
though t
ftill an ir
accumul:
queftions
number ¢
here by ft
make no
trade tot
bathing-
Margate,
‘ESE of .
22N.
Rana’
in the N
paflage
about th
part is h
parts hav
inhabited
tains anc
in yams,
AND!
town of |
near the 1
of Wibw
RAN
Flifabeth. It is four miles s of Middle-
burg. Lon. 3 408, lat.51 29N.
’ RAMMELSBERG, a lofty, Rep, and
extenfive mountain of Germany, in that
part of the Hartz Foreft which tes within
the principality of Grubenhagen. On
this mountain are 12 filver mines; and
at the foot of it is feated the city of
Goflar.
RAMPANO, 2 town of Turkey in Eu-
wope, inthe Morea. Lon.20 178, lat.
35 SqN.
RamssBury, 2 town in Wilthire,
noted for its fine beer. Jt is 46 miles £
_ of Briftol, and 69 w of Loudon.
RAMSEY, a town in Huntingdonhhire,
with a market on Saturday. ii is feated
in the fens, near the meres of Ramf
and Whitlefey ; and had formerly airich
and telebrated abbey. It is 12 miles NE
of Huntingdon, and 69 N of London,
Lon.o 19 W, lat.52 26N. ~
RAMSEY, an fland on the coatt of
Pembrokefhire, two miles long and one
and a half broad. Near it is a group of
dangerous rocks, frequented in the breed-
ing feafon by vaft multitudes of feafowl,
and known by the name of the Bifhop
and his Clerks. ‘This ifland is four miles
w of St. David's, and 17 Nw of Milford
Haven. Lon. 5 20 w, lat. 51 55N.
RaAmsGATE, “a feaport in Kent, in the
Ifle of Thanet, where two very fine ftone
piers have been built, for the fecurity of
thips, the harbour being near the Downs,
between the N and S Forelands. Thefe
piers h7e ocoft immenfe fums ;. and al-
though the harbour which they form is
{till an indifferent one, on.account of the
accumulation of mud, it has been un-
queftionably the means of faving « preat
number of fhips, that have been driven in
here by ftrefs of weather, when they could
make nv other port. Ramfgate has fome
trade tothe Baltic, and is frequented as a
bathing-place. “It is four gniles s of
Margate, ro ENE-af Canterbury, and 73
‘ESE of London. Lon. 1 30 £, lat. §1
22.N.
Ranat, one of the Sandwich Iflands,
in the N Pacific Ocean, lying sw of the
paflage between Mowee and Morotoi;
about three leagues from each. The s
part is high and craggy; but the other
parts have a better Afett, and are well
inhabited. It produces ot few plan-
tains and bread-fruit trees, but abounds
in yams, {weet potato€s,’ and taro.
ANDERSON, or RANDERS, an ancient
town of Denmark, in N Jutland, feated
near the mouth of the Gude, 25 miles £
of Wiburg. Lon. 10 75, lat. 56 20'N.
R A-P
RANGNITz, a town of Eaftern Pruf-
fia, on the river Niemen, 55 miles e& Of
Koniagfberg. Lov.24 408, lat. 55 6 N.
Ranvyocn, Locn, a lake in the n
art of Perthfhire, 11 miles in } 6
t receives the waters of Loch Ericht,
from the N, and communicates with Lech
Tumel on the g, and Loch Lidoch on the
w. On its s fide is an ancient foreft of
birch and pine. ;
RAwTaMPoun, a fortre(s of Hindooftan
Proper, in the E quarter of Agimere.
It is very ‘celebrated ‘in the Indian hiito-
ries, and is't20 miles from Agra.
‘RANTZOW, ‘2 town of Lower Saxony,
in‘the ‘duchy of .Hoittein, 24 miles N_ of
Lubec. “Lon. ro 42 £, lat, 54 16 N.
RAOLCONDA, .atown of the Decéan of
Hindooffan, in ‘Golconda, netr which is
a rich diamond-inine. It is 276 miles
sw of Hydrabad.” Lon. 76 408, lat. 14
3ON. eee :
RAON, L’ErTAPE, a town of France,
in the department of Meurthe ayid late
province of Lorrain, feated at the fdot
of the Vofges, at the confluence of the
Etape and Marte, 30 mifes sx of Nanci.
Lon. 6°47 £; lat. 48 26N. ")
RAPALLO, a town of Italy, in the ter-
ritory of Genoa, feated on a gulf of the
fame name, 20-miles Eof Genoa. Lon.
9 ITE, lat.44 26N.
RaPPERSCHWYL; arepublic of Swif.
ferland, on the confines of the canton of
Zuric. It is under the proteétion of the
cantons of Zuric, Bern, and Glarus,
and is governed by a great and little
council, confifting of 48 members. Its
territory is fix mail long and three broad,
and contains three parithes. Sa
RAPPERSCHWYL, a town of Swiffer.
land, capital of a republic of the fame
name. It is ftrong by fituation, being
feated on a neck of land which advances
into the lake of Zuric, over which is a
wooden bridge, 1850 feet long. The
inhabitants, 5000 in number, are all ca-
tholics. The harbour, an ghcelleng ones
is within the circuit of the walls. Rap-
perfchwyl is 12 miles sz of Zuric, .and
62 NE of Bern. Lon. 8 42 £, lat. 47
10 N.
RaPoLFsTEIN, of RiBAU-PIERF%, a
town of France, in the department of
Upper Rhine and late province of Alface,
eight miles nw of Colmer. Lon.7 208,
lat.48 13N. * Ex
RAPOLLO, 2 town of Naples, in Ba-
filicata, with a bifhop’s fee, 56 miles w of:
Bari, and 70 E of Naples. Lon. 15 51 2B,
lat. 40 56N.
ila river of Virginia,
li¢
i C/
RAT
which, rifes in. the mountains, called the
Blue Ridge, and running ese falls into
‘the Chélapeak, in Jat.35 30N. .
| RABITAN, ariver of New Jerfey, which
palling by Bruntwick and Amboy, enters
“Arthur Tul Sound, and helps to, form the
‘fine, harbour of Amboy. ari ail
' Rasera. , See Ratzta. !
.., RASERORG, .a feaport of Sweden, ¢a-
pital of a canton in Nyland. It fs feated
on, the gulf of Finland, 37, miles sz of
Abo. Lon.23 188, lat. 69 16N.
' Rasen, or MARKET. Rasin,.a town
in Lincolnthire, with a market on. Tuef-
day. ‘It js fegted on a branch of the
Ankam, 14 miles ng of Lincoln, apd
‘150 Nof London. . Lon, o Jow, lat,.53
23Ne +s D bcaceas aris. ih esi
. RAsocamo, a cape on the n coaft of
Sicily, ‘near a town of the fame name, W
‘of Cape Faro, and’ n of, Meffina, '
‘RasTapt, a tasvn of Germany, in the
archbifhopric of, Saltzburg,. feated on the
Ens, 48 miles B by § of Saltzburg. Lon.
14 TOR, Jat.g7.31N.
*“RASTADT, a town of Suabia, in the
marquifate of Baden, with a caftie. In
1714, a treaty was concluded. here’ be-
tween the French and Auttridis; and the
former defeated the latter, near, this place,
in July 1796. It is feated on the Merg,
near the Rhine, four. miles N.of Baden,
and 24 sw of Philipfburg. “Lon,8 145,
Pat.48 s4.N. eS all
* RaTenav, a town of Germany, in the
middle marche of Brandenburg, feated’on
the Havel,15 miles nw of Brandenburg,
Lonh.13 49 E, lat. 52 45N, |
‘RADENBURG, a town of Germany, in
the Tirdl, with a caftle, feated on the
river Inn, 1g ‘niiles § by w of Kutftein.
Lon. 12 $8, lat.q7'30oN. (|. ‘
— RaTuMINes, a feinarkable’ place in
Iréland, near two miles from Dubiin,
where the’ duke of Ormond’ was defeated
by thé parliament forces in 1649.
RaTigor, a town of Silefia, capital of
a duchy of the fainé name, with a cattle.
It has ‘beén twice taken by the Swedes ;
and is. féated on the Oder, in a country
fertile in’corn and fruits, 15. miles NE of
Troppaw, and 142°E of Pragué. Lon,
37 548, lat.so11N. .
_ RAtT1sB0¥N, an,ancient and {trong city
of Bavaria, feated on the Danube, over
which is a bitdge of 15 arches. It is
free and ‘imperial, and an epifcopal fee,
whofe .bifhop is a prince of the empire.
Tt is full of gentry, and there are very
handfomeé ftructures, ‘particularly fix mo-
afteries.° The ‘town-houfe is magnifi-
cent, and in its hall, the general dicts of
RAV
the empire meet.. The inhabjtants, in
general, are proteftants, as-all the magii-
trates mult be, It is 55 miles SE of Nu-
remburg, 62,N by £ of Munich, and 195
w by N of Vienna. Lon.s2 5/By lat 43
53,.N.. derectsstick 4 '
RaTOLFZEL, a ftrong town of Suabia,
on that part of the lake of Conftance
called Boden See. It belongs to the hou:e
at Auttria;., and iy 12 miles w of the city
of Conftance.
“"Ratran. See Ruatran.
RarZeEbuRG, a fortified town of Lower
Saxony, in the duchy of Saxe-Lawenburg,
with a bifhop’s fee, and a calile. It is
feated on an ifland, in the midi{t of a lake
go miles in circurnference. The town
and 42 n.of Lawenburg. . Lon. 10 49¢,
Tat. 53.43;
Ravazra, or Rascra, the eattern di-
vifion of Sclavonia, fubje to the houte
of, Auttyia. Tt takes its name trom the
river Raica, which falls into the Morave;
and its inhabitants are called Raicians.
* Rava, a town of Great Poland, capital
of a palatinate of the fame name, with a
fortifiec caftle, where ftate priloners are
kept... The town is built of wood, and
feated in a morais covered with water
that proceeds from the river Rava, by
which it is, furrounded. It is 55 miles
sw of Warlaw. Lon.ig 558, lat. 51
i N.
_ RAVELLO, a fea, ort of Naples, in
Pringipato Citeriore, and a bifhop’s fee.
Tt. has ,magnificent palaces and fine
houses, and. is 10 miles w of Saleriyo, and
i of Naples. Lon. 1441, lat. 40
30N.
RAVENGLASS, a feaport in Cumber-
land, with a market on Saturday. It is
fated on an inlet of the Irith Sea, be-
tween the Mite and Efk, which, with
the Int fall into this.inlet, and form a
good harbour. It’is 24 miles s of Cock-
ermeuth, and 284. NNw of London. Lon.
3.30W, lat. 54 20N.
RAVENNA, an ancient city of Italy,
capital of Romagna, and an.archbifhop's
{ce, with feveral colleges, a great number
ot rcligious houfes, and a ruinous citadel.
It had a very flourifhing trade, but has
great
draw
chiefl
duced!
king g
ward
In th
three y
Raven
is {till
being
in dia
feated
SE of }
12 5E,
Rav
lia, lyi
and.O
caltle.o
the king
Rav
of Sua
handio
protelta
iteated o
Lindau
Ravi
bant, c
naine,
It belon
has a D
Maete,
5 35E, !
Ravy
one of t
inte. whi
w of M.
united -v
naub.
Alexand:
RaAYL
market
Chelinsf
040.6, |]
READ
with.a m
on the K
thre Tha
county, »
ruins of
who was
1787, ir
houie of
prince w
coffin. |
and: fend
Its chief
veyance «
don,. by
miles ss
don. Le
READ:
> in
agit.
Nu-
L195
it 48
abia,
tance
houce
city
ower
Ure,
It is
. lake
town
klen-
Saxe-
‘sick,
ith a
iffues
lrave
[0mM-
c and
ts ex.
ubec,
49E,
n di-
houte
m the
ave;
ns.
apital
ith a
S$ are
and
ater
) by
miles
At. 51
sy in
Ss fee,
fine
and
t. 4.0
hber-
It is
be-
ith
a
pck-
on,
aly,
pp's
ber
el.
has
REA
greatly fuffered fire the fea has, with-
drawn two miles trom it. It is now
chiefly noted tor the excellent wine pro-
duced in its neighbourhood. Thecdoric
king of the Goths refided here, and after-
ward the exarchs of the Greek emperors.
In the dixth century, when there were
three popes at the fame time, one lived at
Ravenna. ‘Lhe maufoleum of Theodorié
is {till to be feen, and is remarkable for
being covered by a fingle ftone, 28 feet
in diameter, and 15 thick. Ravenna is
feated near the river Mantone, 37 miles
se of Ferrara, and 162 N of Rome. Lon.
12 SE, lat.4425N.
RAVENSBERG, a county of Weftpha-
lia, lying s of the bifhoprics of Minden
and. Oinaburgh. It is fo called trom a
caftle. of the tame name, and is fubje& to
the king of Pruilia. Hereford is the capital.
RAVENSBURG, a free imperial town
of Suabia. The public ftructures are
handiome, and the inhabitants are partly
proteitants and partly papilts. It is
ieated on the Cheuls, 15 miles N by w of
Lindau. Lon.9 408, lat.47 59N.
RAVENSTEIN, a town of Dutch Bra-
bant, capital of a county of the fame
hame, with an ancient and ttrong caitle.
It belongs to the elector palatinate, but
has a Dutch garrifon. It is feated on the
Maefe, ro miles sw of Nimeguen. Lon.
§ 35E, lat. 51 46N.
RAvuveEE, ariver of Hindooftan Proper,
one of the five E branches of the Indus,
inte-which river it falls, about 20 miles
w of Moultan, after having received the
united waters of the Chelum and Chu-
naub. The Rauvee is the Hydraotes of
Alexander.
RAYLEIGH, a town in Effex, with a
market on Saturday, 13 miles se of
Chelinsford, and 34 8 of Londen. Lon.
0408, lat. 51 37N- ;
ReEapD1NG, a borough in Berkhhire,
with.a market on Saturday. It is feated
on the Kennet, near its confluence with
the Thames, and is the capital of the
county, with three churches. It has the
ruins.of a rich abbey, built by Henry 1,
who was interred here in 11335 and, in
1787, in digging the foundation for a
houie of correStion, the remains of that
prince, were found in a vault, in a leaden
cofin.. Reading is governed by a mayor,
and fends two members to parliament.
Its chief trade is in malt, and in the con-
veyance of commodities to and from Lon
don,. by means of the Thames. It is 26
miles sse of Oxford, and 39 w of Lon-
don. Lon.o 52w, lat. 51 28N.
Reapine, the capital of the county of
RED
Berks, in Penfylvania, feated on the
Schuykill, 46 miles Nw of Philadelpia,
Lon. 75 54.W, lat. 40 22N.
REALMONT, atown of France, in the
department of Upper Garonne and late
province of Languedec, 31 miles ne of
Touloufe. Lon.2 o8, lat.43 son.
. REBEL, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Mecklenburg, feated onthe
lake Muritz, 30 miles sz of Guftrow:
Lon. 12 368, lat.53 32N,
REBNICK; a populous town of Turkey
in Europe, in Walachia, with a bifhop’s
fee, feated on the Aluta, 45 miles sw of
Targowilco.
Reccan. See ARACAN.
RECKANATI, a town of Italy, in the
marquilate of Ancona, with a bithop’s
fee. It is a trading place, and has a
great fair in September, which continues
15 days. The tomb of pope Gregory vir
is in the cathedral. It is feated on a
mountain, near the river Munione, 14
miles s of Ancona, and r10 NE of Rome.
Lon.13 38, lat.43 24.N.
RECHLINGHAUSEN, a town of Ger-
many, in the archbifhonric of Cologne,
capital of accounty of the fame name, with
a itrong citadel, and a chapter of noble
ladies. It is feated on the Lippe, 20 miles
w of Ham. Lon. 8 368, lat.51 27.
RECuLWeR, a village in Kent, the
Regulbium of the Romans. It is feated
clote by the feafide, near the mouth of the
Thames; ati is noted for its church,
which was anciently collegiate, and has
two {pires, which ferve:for a feamark, and
are called by mariners, the I'wo Silters.
It is 12 miles w of Margate.
Reppurn, a village in Herts, which
once belonged to the monaftery of St.
Alban’s, and was greatly famed for the
pretended relics of Amphibalus, who con-
verted St. Alban to Chriitianity. It is
five miles Nw of St. Alban’s.
REDHEAD, a promontory in Anguf-
fhire, on the Germi* Ucean, lying s of
Montrofe. Here are the ruins of a cattle,
almoft furrounded by the fea. ‘Till the
year 1793, this cape was the point be-
yond which coal was not permitted to
pais without paying a heavy duty, which
was taken off by a commutation duty
on {pirits.
_ Repon, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Ifle and Vilaine and late pro-
vince of Bretagne. It ferves as a inart
for the commerce of Rennes, and is
feated on the Vilaine, 20 miles £ of
Vannes, and 225 & bys of Paris. Lon. 2
tow, lat.37 48 N.
REDONDA, a town of Portugal, in Bei-
REG
ra, with a eaftle. It has a manufafture
of cloth, and is feated at the mouth of the
Mondego, 17 miles sw of Coimbra.
Lon. 8 34. W, lat.40 4N.
REDONDELLA; & commercial town of
Spain, in Galicia, with a cattle. It was
pillaged by the Englith in 1702. There
3s a fifhery for anchovies on the coait.
It is feated at the bottom of a bay of the
Atlantic, eight miles s of Pante Vedra.
Lon. 8 1'5w, lat.42 13.N.
Rep Russia. See Russia, REn.
REDRUTH; a town in Cornwall, whofe
market is difufed, [t is 12 miles NNE of
Helftone, and 262 w by 8 of London.
Lon. 5 13 Ww, lat. 50 13.N.
Rep Sga, a fea celebrated in holy writ.
It extends 1300 miles from N to s, divi-
ding Africa from Arabia, and is 200
broad, in the wideft part. It is feparated
from the Mediterranean Sea on the n,
by the ifthmus of Suez, and communi-
cates, by thé ftraits of Babelmandel, on
the s with the Arabian Sea and the In-
dian Ocean.
ReEs, a ftrong town of Germany, in
the duchy of Cleves, feated on the Rhine,
zo miles sE of Cleves, and 10 Nw of
Weel. Lon.6 4£, lat.5: gon.
REGENSBERG, a town of Swifferland,
in the canton of Zuric, capital of a
bailiwic of the fame name, with a ftrong
ecaftle. It is feated on a rock, called the
Lagerberg, 10 miles Nw of Zuric.
REGcIo, an ancient and populeus
town of Naples, in Calabria Ulteriore,
with an archbifhop’s fee, and a woollen
manufaéture. It is feated on the ftrait of
Meflina, 12 miles sE of Meflina, and r90
s by E of Naples. Lon.16 08, lat. 38
N.
: Reeero, a duchy of Italy, included in
that of Modena. It produces a great
deal of filk, and belongs to the duke of
Modena, except the marquifate of St.
Martin, which is fubject to a prince of
that name.
REGGIO, an ancient city of Italy, in
a duchy of the fame name, with a citadel,
and a bifhop’s fee. It has been ruined
feveral times by the Goths, and other
nations. In the cathedral are paintings
by the greateft matters; and in the (quare
is the ftatue of Brennus, chief of the
Gauls. Theinhabitants are about 22,000,
who carry on a great trade in filk. It
was taken by prince Eugene in 1706, and
by the king of Sardinia in 1742. It is
feated in a fertile country, 15 miles Nw
af Modena, and 80 se of Milan. Lon.
a1 S£, lat.44.43N.
Reaina, a town of Naples, in Cala.
REM
bria Citeriore, 14 miles N of Cofenza.
Lon. 16 21 £, lat. 39 34.N-
REGNANO, 4 town of Italy, in the
pairimony of St. Peter, feated near the
Tiber, 17 miles nN of Rome. Lon. 12
g6 8, lat.42 11.
REICHENAU, an ifland of Suabia, in
the Zeller Zee, or lower lake of Conftance.
It is three miles long and one broad ;
contains about 1600 inhabitants, all
catholics; three parifhes, and a rich ab.
bey, of which the bifhop of Contftance is
abbot. In this convent was interred
Charles le Gros, who was emperor, and
king of France, but was depofed in 837,
and died in extreme want and mifery,
This ifland is three miles w of Conftance,
and belongs to the bifhop of that place.
REICHENAU, a town of Swifferland,
in the country of the Grifons. It is feated
in a rich and fertile valley, at the conflux
of the two branches that form the Rhine.
Here are two curious bridges. One of
thefe is thrown acrofs the lower branch of
the Rhine, and is ros feet in length,
The other, built acrofs the Rhine, below
the point of union, is a wooden one, of a
finale arch, covered like that of Schaff-
haufen, and conftructed upon nearly the
fame plan: the fpan of the arch is 220
feet in length. Reichenau is feven miles
sw of Coire.
REICHENBACH, a river of Swiflerland,
which has its fource at the foot of Mount
Wetterhorn; and rolls its numerous cata-
ra¢ts down the fteep fides of Mount Shei-
dec, till it unites with the Aar, near
Meyringen. It conveys into the Aar the
gold duft that is found in the bed-of that
river.
REICHENBACH, a town of Silefia,
capital of a circle of the fame name. It
is feated on the little river Peil, and noted
for the peace concluded, in 1790, between
the emperor Leopold 1 and the Turks.
REICHENBERG, a Caftle of Germany,
in the circle of the Upper Rhine and
county of Catzenelenbogen. It is feated
on a mountain, near the Rhine, and be-
longs to the pe of Heffe Rheinfeld.
Lon. 7 §7£, lat. 50 4N.
REICHENSTEIN; a town of Silefia, fa-
mous for the filver mines in its neighbour-
hood. It is 12 miles w of Grotikaw.
REICHSHOFEN, a town of France, in
the department of Lower Rhine and late
province of Alface, with a caftle, in the
neighbourhood of Haguenau.
REMIREMONT, a town of France, in
the department of the Vofges and late
province of Lorrain. It had lately a
chapter of canoneffes, who were obliged
to prove
was a pr
on the J
Vofges,
6 47 E,
REMY
departme
and late
pha arch
ourhood
tan age:
fecond is
St. Remy
REND
ony, in
caftle. I
by the ri
wick,
RENFR
frewfhire.
of which
that enci
Clyde, ne
miles E b
of Edinb
53 N.
RENFRE
land, bou
frith of Cl
and on the
was the pat
before they
itill gives t
of Wales.
RENNES
the depart:
late provit
bitants ar
ftreets are
they were '
1720, whit
fumed 850
is the Pala
Ville. Re
the capital
on the Vils
parts, 581
42 SE of |
43 7.N.
RENTI,
partment o
province of
river Aa,
50 NW of
§0 36 N.
REOLE,
partment o
Guienne, |
SE of Bor
44 30 N,
REPAIL
hlais, featec
(NZ2.
1 the
r the
n.12
a, in
ance,
oad ;
all
1 ab.
Ice is
erred
and
887,
fery,
ANCE,
ce.
land,
eated
nflux
hine.
1 of
ch of
ngth,
elow
ofa
hatt-
y the
220
miles
land,
ount
cata-
Shei-
near
r the
that
efia,
It
oted
een
S.
nV;
and
ated
be-
ld.
RE P
to prove their nobility, and whofe abbefs
was a princefs of the empire. It is feated
on the Mofelle, at the foot of Mount
Vofges, 42 miles s by Eof Nanci. Lon,
647 E, lat. 48 3N.
Remy, St. a town of France, in the
department of the Mouths of the Rhone
and late province of Provence. A trium-
hal arch, and a maufoleum, in the neigh-
baritone difplay the tafte of the Auguf-
tan age: the fink is not intire; but the
fecond is in the beft (tate of prefervation.
St. Remy is 10 miles "gE of Arles.
RENDSBURG, a town of Lower Sax-
ony, in the duchy of Holftein, with a
caftle. It is feated in an ifland formed
by the river Eyder, 12 miles se of Slef-
wick, Lan.10 68, lat. 54 30N.
RENFREW, the county town of Ren:
frewfhire. Robert 11 had a palace here,
of which nothing remains but the ditch
that encircled .it. It is feated on the
Clyde, near the mouth of the Cart, ro
miles BE by s of Port Glafgow, and 45 w
of Edinburgh. Lon. 4 26 w, lat. 55
IN,
i RENFREWSHIRE, 2 county of Scot-
land, bounded on the w and N by the
frith of Clyde, on the & by Lanerkhhire,
and on the sw by Ayrthire. This county
was the paternal inheritance of the Stuarts
before they afcended the throne, and it
{till gives the title of baron to the prince
of Wales.
RENNES, an.ancient city of France, in
the department of Iile and Vilaine and
late province of Bretagne. The inha-
bitants are computed at 45,000. Its
ftreets are now broad and ftraight; but
they were very narrow before the fire in
1720, which lafted feven days, and con-
fumed 850 houfes. In the great fquare,
is the Palace of Juftice, and the Hotel de
Ville. Rennes is an archbifhopric, and
the cxpital of the department. It is feated
on the Vilaine, which divides it into two
parts, 58 miles N by w of Nantes, and
42 SE of St. Malo. Lon. 1 36 wy, lat.
48 7 N.
RENTI, a town of France, in the de-
partment of the Straits of Calais and late
province of Artois. It is feated on the
river Aa, 22 miles sw of Aire, and
so nw of Arras, Lon. 2 20 £, lat.
50 36 N.
REOLE, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Gironde and Jate province of
Guienne, feated on the Garonne, 20 miles
SE of Bourdeaux. Lon. o 4 w, lat.
44 30 N, -
REPAILLE, a town of Savoy, in Cha-
blais, feated on ariver which fails into the
REV
lake of Geneva, and famous for the ree
treat of Amadeus, duke of Savoy, in
1440, where he went to enjoy the pleas’
fures of a country life, Here is a Care
thufian monaftery, remarkable for its exe
tenfive profpects. It is three miles from
Thonon, and 20 NE of Geneva. Lon. 6 -
21 BE, lat. 46 26 N.
REPEHAM, 2 town in Norfolk, with a
market on Saturday. It has two churches
in one churchyard, and is feated in a
valley, 15 miles Nw of Norwich, and
109 NE of London. Lon. 1 7 &, lat,
5% SON.
REQUENA, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile, with a caftle. It was taken by
the Englith in 1706, and retaken by the
French the next year. It is feated on the
Oliana; 40 miles w of Valencia, and
130 E by s of Madrid. Lon. o 40 w,
lat. 39 24 N. ‘ ;
Resut, a town of Perfia, capital of
Ghilan, feated on the sw coatt of the
Cafpian Sea, rro miles N of Cafbin. Lon.
52 16 £, lat. 37 18 .N.
RESOLUTION IsuanD, a fmall ifland
in the Pacific Ocean, fo called trom the
thip Refolution, in which captain Cook
made his fecond voyage to that ocean,
Lon. 141 45 w, lat. 17 23 S$.
RETFORD, East, a borough in Not-
tinghamhhire, with a market on Saturday.
It fends two members to parliament, and
is feated on the Idle, 30 miles N ot Not-
tingham, and 144 N by w of London.
Lon. 0 48 w, lat. 53 22 N.
RETHEL, an ancient town of France,
in the department of the Ardennes and
late province of Champagne, feated on a
mountain, near the river Aifne, 20 miles
NE of Rheims, and 108 Ne of Paris.
Lon. 4 26 #, lat. 49 30 N.
RETIMO, a feaport of Candia, with a
bifhop’s fee, and a citadel, where the
bathaw refides. It was taken in 1647,
by the Turks, who have kept it ever
fince. The filk, wool, honey, wax, lau-
danum, and oil, are preferred to all others,
It is feated on the N coait of the ifland,
45 miles from Candia. Lon. 24 45 BE,
lat. 35 22 N.
REVEL, a town of France, in thie de-~
partment of Upper Garonne and late pro-
vince of Languedoc, nine miles n of St.
Papoul. Lon. 210 8, lat. 43 26 N.
REVEL, a government of Ruffia. See
EsTHONIA.
REVEL, a ftrong feaport of Ruffia, ca-
pital of the government of Efthonia, with
a bifhop’s fee. It is {urrounded by high
walls and deep ditches, and defended fy
a caftle and good baftions. The houfes
= Peete tank tect eertrdes Sates
RHE
are well built; and have very fine gardens.
There is a college, with four profeffors ;
and, in 1733, two churches were allowed
to the protetiants. It is become a place
of hh trade, fince the Ruflians obtained
po effion of it; and there are two great
airs, in May and September, frequented
by Englith and Dutch merchants. It is
feated on the gulf of Finland, partly ina
pleafant plain, and partly on a mountain,
85 miles sE of Abo, and 133 -w by 5 of
Peterfburgh. Lon. 23 57 £, lat. 59 20 Ns
REVERO, a ttrong town of Italy, in
the Mantuan, feated on the Po, oppofite
Oftiglia, 10 miles NE of Mirandola,
and 20 st of Mantua. Lon. 1 9g £, iat.
44 538 .N.
Reuss, a river of Swifferland, which
rifes in the lake of Locendro, between
the mountains of Petina and Locendro,
flows through the lake of Lucern and
the town of that name, and joining the
Aar, falls into the Rhine, below Zurzach.
REUTLINGEN, a free imperial town
of Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtemburg.
It is adorned with handfome public build-
ings; and has a well frequented college.
It is feated on the Echetz, near the Neckar,
zo miles £ of Tubingen, and 37 5 of
Stutgard. Lon. 9 10 £, lat. 48 41 N.
Reux, a fortified town of the Ne-
therlands, in Auftrian Hainault, eight
miles NE of Mons.
REYNA, an ancient town of Spain, in
Andalufia, feated in a plain, with a cattle
built upon an-eminence, three miles from
Lema, and in a territory abounding: in
wine and cattle. ,
REzan, a government of Ruffia,, for-
merly a province of the government of
Motcow. It is fertile in corn, and po-
pulous; and had anciently its own princes.
Rezan, a city of Ruffia, capital of
a government of the fame name, with an
archbifhop’s fee. It was tormerly con-
fiderable for its extent and riches, but
was almoft ruined by the Tartars, in
2568. It is feated at the confluence of
the Tiubefh and Occa, 100 miles se of
Mofcow. Lon. 40.37 EB, lat. 54 55 .N.
Rue, an ifland on the w= coaft of
France, in the department of Lower Cha-
rente and late territory of Aunis. It is
four leagues long and two bfoad, and
very populous. Its produ€ts are bit-
ter wine, abundance of falt, excellent
brandy, and the liquor called anife-feed.
It is defended by four forts, and is eight
miles w of Rochelle. St. Martin is the
capital.
RHEIMS, an ancient city of France,
in the. department of Marne and late proe
RHE
vince of Champagne, with an arehbifhop’s
fee. he inhabitants are computed to be
40,000. The principal church, built
hefore the year 406, is a very beautiful
Gothic ftruéture. That of St. Nicaife,
is remarkable for its fine archite&ure.
Rehind the high altar of the church of
St. Remy, the corpfe of that archbifhop
is preferved in a magnificent flrine. In
this church was Istely LaSainte Ampor le,
which is a {mall vial filled with a reddtfh
and congealed liquor, which the French
of former ages thought to have been
brought from heaven; and this holy
liquor was ufed in the coronation of the
kings of France, whe have been fuccef-
fively crowned at Rheims; probably, be-
caufe Clovis, che founder of the French
monarchy, when converted from pagan.
ifin, was baptized in the bivhededt here,
in the year 496. The remains of an an-
phitheatre, a caftle, and a triumphal arch,
are among the ancient monuments of the
Romans. Rheims is long and narrow,
and the houfes are low. Here are manu-
factures of flannel, coverlets, and other
woollen ftuffs; and the gingerbread is
famous. Rheims is feated in a plain,
furrounded by hills that produce excellent
wine, on the river Vefle, 62 miles N of
Troyes, and 75 Nez of Paris. Lon, 4
SE, lat. 4g 15 Ne
RHEINAU, a town of Swifferland, in
Thurgau, with an abbey, on an ifland
formed by the Rhine, between Schaffhau-
fen and Eglifau.
RHEINBERG, a town of Germany, in
the eleStorate of Cologne, feated on the
Rhine, 40 miles yw of Cologne. Lon.
6 39 E, lat. 51 29 W.
RuHEINEC, a town of Germany, in the
archbifhopric of Cologne, feated on the
Rhine, 34 miles ssx of Cologne. Lon. 7
23 E, lat. 5027 N. vo
RuHEINEC, a town of Swifferland, ca-
pital of the Rheinthal, with a caftle, feated
on the Rhine, near the lake of Conitance;
Lon. 9 23 FE, lat. 47 47 N.
RHEINFELD, a caftle of Germany, in
the circle ot the Lower Rhine, and county
of the fame name. It is one of the mott
important places on the Rhine, in regard
to ttrength and fituation. It is built on
a craggy rock, at the foot of which is the
town of St. Goar, and was taken by the
French in r7gq. It is 15 miles s of
Coblentz.
RHEINFELDEN, a {trong town of Suabia,
the beft of the four. toreft-towns, beleng-
ing to the houfe of Awftria. It has been
otten taken and retaken, and is feated on
the Rhine, over which is a bridge af fe.
veral ard
7468,
RHE
the E fi
Nieder
is here
capital,
RHEI
lying o
is the c:
RHEI
in the
15 miles
RHEI
ferland,
divides
till it re:
belongs ¢
to that o
habitant
RHEID
country d
Hinder J
Mount
miles, a
Splugen i
RHEN
VINCesS, it
20 miles
by the Fr
5 22.B, |g
RHINE
rifles in tl
Grifons, |
two prin
Hinder lh)
Rhine (ic
called the
to the w.
uniting at
over whic
arch, the
Pailing b
mile, the
for rafts.
between t
Auftria, <
Conttance.
Leaving, t
cataract. |
FEN) and
Swiflerlan
and Suab
Alface an
to the twe
and Lowe
able cities
large rive
Provinces
duchy ef
fireams.
aad flows
ifhop's
d to be
) built
autiful
Nicaife,
edture,
rch of
Ibifhop
ie. In
Aporle,
reddith
French
e been
s holy
of the
fuccef.
ly; be-
French
pagan.
1 here,
an an.
ul arch,
of the
arrow,
manu-
1 other
‘ead is
plain,
cellent
s N of
Lon, 4
nd, in
ifland
Aff hau-
ny, in
n the
Lon.
in the
pn. the
on. 7
fly Ca-
feated
Kkance;
y> in
jounty
+ mott
egard
It on
is the
r the
i of
abia,
long-
been
sd on
f fee,
RHI
veral arches, eight miles & of Bafle. Lon.
746 E, lat. 47 36 N.
RMEINGAU, a diitrict of Germany, on
the E fide of the Rhine, extending from
Nieder Wailauf to Lorrich. The vine
is here chiefly cultivated. Elfeld is the’
capital,
RHEINLAND, a part of S Holland,
Jying on both fides ot the Khine. Leyden
is the capital.
RHEIN-SABERN, a town of Germany,
in the bithopric of Spire, with a cattle,
15 miles s of Spire.
RHEINTHAL, a fertile valley of Swif-
ferland, lying along the Rhine, which
divides it from a territory of Auttria,
till it reaches the lake of Ccnttance. It
belongs to the eight ancient cantons, and
to that of Appenzel. The proteftant in-
habitants are the moft numerous.
RHEINWALD, a large valley in the
country of the Grifons; 10 called from the
Hinder Rhine, which takes its rife on
Mount Vogelfberg, at the difance of 12
miles, and runs through the valley.
Splugen is the capital.
RHENEN, a city of the United Pro-
vinces, in Utrecht, feated on the Leck,
20 miles sE of Utrecht. It was taken
by the French in 1672 and 1795. Lon.
§ 22 E, lat. 51 59 N.
Ru1iNE, a great river of Europe, which
rifles in the Alps of the county of the
Grifons, in Swifferland. It is formed of
two principal ftreams, the Upper or.
Hinder Rhine, to the £, and the Lower
hine (iormed by two finall ftreams,
called the Middle and the Further hive)
tothe w. The Upper and Lower Rhine
uniting at Reichenau, form a fine river,
over which is a curious bridge of one
arch, the {pan of which is 220 feet long.
Pailing by Coire, at the diftance of a
mile, the Rhine firft becomes navigable
for rafts, It is foon after the boundary
between the Rheintal and a territory of
Auftria, and pafles through the lake of
Conftance, ‘the largeft in Switlerland.
Leaving, this lake, it forms a celebrated
cataract below Schatfhauten (fee Laur-
FEN) and becomes the boundary between
Swifferland and Allace on the s and w,
and Suabia on the nN and &. Leaving -
Alface and Suabia, the! river gives name
to the two German circles of the Upper
and Lower Rhine, waters many coniider-
able cities and towns, and recrives fome
large rivers, in its courle torthe United
Provinces. Below Emmerick, in the
duchy ef Cleves, it divides inte two
fireams. That which bends to the w,
aad flows by Nimeguen, is called tue
RHI
Wahal, but lofes that name om ies
junction with the Maele, at Brommel.
Below Worcumn, it divides into tour
principal branches, forming the ifles of
Yffelmonde, Voorn, and Overtlackee: the
mhoft northern branch is called the Merwe,
and patling by Rotterdam and Schicdam,
is joined by the branch trom the s fide of
Yffelmonde, and enters the German
Ocean, below the Briel: the other two
branches make their exit at Heivoetiluys
and Goree. The other ftream which had
branched off to the NW below Emmerick,
retains its name; but another foon branches
off to the N, takes the name of Yilel, and
enters the Zuider See, below Campen.
The old river proceeds w by Rhenen to
Wyck-by-Duerltede, when it again di-:
vides into two ftreams: that to the leit
is called the Leck, and enters the Merwe
above Rotterdam. The branch to the
right, which retains its name, but is
now an incontiderable ftream, pailes on to
Utrecht, Woerden, and Leyden, and is
literally choked up by mountains of fand,
near the village of Catwyck.
Ruing, Lower, acircle of the em-
pire of Germany, which extends trom
the circle cf Suabiay on the s, to that of
Weitphalia, on the n. It contains the
electorates of Mentz, Treves, and Co-
logne, and the palatinate of the Rhine.
Kurne, Lower, a department of
France, containing the late province of
Lower Aliace. Strafburg is the capital.
Raine, Upper, a department of
France, containing the late province of:
Upper Altace. Colmar is the capitai.
KHINE, UPPER, a circle of the em-
pire of Germany, which includes the ter-’
ritories of Heffe-Catlel, Hefle- Darmitadt,
Hefe-Rheinteld, and Heife-Homburg;
the counties of Naflau, Solins, Hanau,
Spanheim, Wied, Wefterburg, and Wal-
deck, with the abbies of Fuide ands
Hirichteld, the imperial towns of Francs
fort, Fridberg, and Wetzlar; the.
biihoprics of Spire and Werms, and the?
duchy of Deux Ponts. }
Ruyine, PALATINATE OF THS, an
eleStorate of Germany, in the circle of
the Lower Rhine; bounded on the w -by
the archbifhoprics of Mentz and Trieves,1
on the & by Franconia and Suabia, andy
on the w ands by France. It is roo:
miles in Jength, and 70 in breadrh, and
the principal rivers are the Rhine and:
Neckar. it has tutfered more by the wars
with France, than all the provinces‘of.
Germany put together; for, in the laity
century, Lewis xiv ordered the -vholes
country to be laid waits by fire and:
RHO
fword. Heidelberg is the principal town,
but Manheim is the eleétorate refidence.
This eleftorate is alfo called the Lower
Palatinate, to diftinguifh it from the
Upper Palatinate of Bavaria.
RuopeE Isuanp, one of the United
States of America, beunded on the N
and E by Maffachulets, on the s by the
Atlantic, and on the w by Connecticut.
Thefe limits comprehend what has been
called Rhode Ifland and Providence Plan-
tations. It contains five counties, and 29
townthips. It is as healthful as any part
of N America, and is principally a coun-
try for pafture. Providence and Newport
are the chief towns.
Ruops Isianp, an ifland of N Ame-
rica, in a ftate of the fame name. It
is 13 miles long and four broad, and di-
vided into three townfhips. This ifland
is a noted refort of invalids trom the
fouthern climates, being exceedingly plea-
fant and healthful, and is called with
propriety the Eden of America.
Kuopes, an ifland of the Mediter-
ranean, on the-s fide of Natolia, 40 miles
long and 15 broad. ‘The air is good, and
the foil pretty fertile, but badly culti-
vated. ‘Lhe principal town, of the fame
mame, is an archbifhop’s fee, and has a
good harbour, with a narrow entrance
between two rocks, on which are two
towers to defend the paflage. Here, in
all probability, ftood the tamous Coloffus,
a ftatue of bronze, 70 cubits high,
reckoned one of the {even wonders of the
world: it was thrown down by an earth-
quake; and when the Saracens became
matters ot this ifland in 665, they knocked
it to pieces, with which they loaded goo
camels. The knights of Jerulalem tdok
Rhodes from the Saracens in 1309, and
kept it till it was taken from them by the
Turks, in 1523. It is looked upon as
ah impregnable fortrefs, being furrounded
by triple walls and double ditches. It
is inhabited by Turks and Jews; for the
Chriftians are obliged to live in the
fuburbs, they not being fuffered to be
within the walls in the nighttime. Lon.
28 25 E, lat. 36 24.N.
Ruone, a large river of Europe, which
rifes in. Swifferland ; iffing from the gla-
cier of Furca, between the two rocky
mountains called the Gletcherberg and the
Satzberg. Crofling the Vallais, it runs
through the lake and city of Geneva, and
feparating France from Savoy, it flows to
Lyons, Vienne, Tournon, Valence, Vi-
viers, Pont St. Eiprit, Avignon, Beau-
caire, Tarafcon, and Arles, and falls
auto the Mediterranean, by feveral mouths.
RIC
Ruone, Mourns OF THE, a depart.
ment of France, containing part of the
late province of ‘Provence. Aix is the
capital. ,
RHONE AND LorRE, a department of
France, including the late provinces of
Forez and Lyonois. The capital is Lyons,
_ RHYAIDERGOWY, a town in Radnor.
fhire, with a market on Wednefday. Its
name fignifies the Fall of the Wye, that
river being here precipitated in a cataraét.
It is 20 miles wNW of New Radnor and
177 of London. Lon. 3 27 wy lat.
§2 17 Ne
Ruynps or Rinns OF GALLoway,
the w divifion of Wigtonfhire, almoft cut
off from the other parts of the county
by Loch Ryan and the bay of Luce.
Ruyney. See RUMNEY.
RiaLexa, a town of New Spain, in
Nicaragua, feated on a {mall river, five
miles trom the Pacific Ocean, where there
is a good harbour. The air is unwhole-
fome, on account of the morafles. It is
60 miles w of Leon de Nicaragua. Lon,
89 10 W, lat. 12 25 N.
Ripapavia. See RIVADAVIA.
RiBas, a town of Spain, in New Caf.
tile, on the river Xarama, eight miles
trom Madrid.
Ripau-Prerre. See RAPOLFSTEIN.
RigBLeE, ariver, which rifes in the w
riding of Yorkfhire, runs acrofs Lanca.-
fhire, and falls into the Irith Sea, below
Prefton.
RIBEMONT, 2 town of France, in the
department of Aifne and late province of
Vermandois, ieated on an eminence, near
the river Oife, 10 miles w by s of St,
Quentin. Lon. 3 21 £, lat. 49 48 N.
RIBERIA GRANDE, a town of St,
Jago, the principal of the Cape de Verd
Iflands, with a good harbour and a
bifhop’s fee. It is feated between two
high mountains. Lon. 23 24 w, lat.
I5 ON.
Ripnitz, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Mecklenburg, with a nun-
nery for noble women. It is feated on
a bay of the Baltic, 12 miles Nn of
Roftock. Lon. 12 55 E, lat. 54 10 N.
RICHELIEU, a town of France, in
the department of Indre and Loire and
late province of ‘Touraine, with, a fine
palace and extenfive park. It was built
by. cardinal Richelieu in 1637. The
ftreets are as ftraight as a line, and it
contains a handfome {quare. It is feated
on the Amable and Vide, 27 miles Nn of
Poitiers, and 152 sw of Paris. Lon. o
20 E, lat. 472.
‘KICHMOND, the capital of the ftate
of Virg
houfe,
town, a
River,
w by
ws; lat.
RicH
in the ft
Richmo
Dutch a
sw of
RIcu
of York
day. It
three gat
caltle, o
churches
liament,
a manuf
caps, &¢
which is.
and 230
wy, lat. §
RICH
a bridge
nine mild
anciently
called it
having be
ihire.
Edward 1
fabeth exy
tinguifhed
which, in {
and in, the!
is an exte
mond, or
a brick we
RicHM(
N riding o
of itielt.
uations, an
induttry of
ture knit
yoods. I
in this di
the chief t
RICKM.
fordihire,
feated on
St. Alban
Lon. o 16
Rieti,
the duchy.
It is featec
lake Rieti
and 37 NE
42 23 Ne
RiEvx,
partment «
vince of L
tion in 275
lepar ts
of the
is the
lent of
ces of
.yons,
vine.
y. Its
» that
raraéct,
or and
» lat.
WAY,
oft cut
county
e.
in, in
r, five
> there
whole.
It is
Lon,
v Caf.
miles
TEIN,
the w
Lanca.
below
in the
nce of
near
pf St,
N.
f St.
Verd
nd a
h two
lat.
y, in
nun-
RIE
of Virginia. It has an elegant ftate-
houfe, on a hill in the upper part of the
town, and is feated on the N fide of James
River, at the foot of the falls, 60 miles
w by N of Williamfburg. Lon. 77 30
Ws lat. 37 25 N.
RICHMOND, a town of Staten Ifland,
in the ftate of New York, and county of
Richmond. Its inhabitants. are chiefly
Dutch and French; and it is nine miles
sw of New York.
RicHMOND, a borough in the N riding
of Yorkfhire, with a market on Satur-
day. It was inclo‘ed by a wall, with
three gates, now in ruins; and it has a
caltle, on an inacceffible mount, and two
churches. It fends two members to par-
liament, is governed by a mayor, and has
a manufacture of woollen itockings,
caps, &c. It is feated on the Swale, over
which is. % bridge, 40 miles Nw of York,
and 230 NNW of London. Lon. 1 35
Wy, lat. 54 28 .N.
RICHMOND, a village in Surry, with
a bridge of five arches over the ‘Thames,
nine miles wsw of London. It was
anciently called Sheen; but Henry vir
called it Richménd, on account of his
having been earl of Richmond in York-
thire. Here was a palace, in which
Edward 111, Henry vit, and queen Eli-
fabeth expired. Richmond is {till dif-
tinguifhed by its beautiful royal gardens,
which, in {ummer, are open every Sunday ;
and in. thefe is a noble obfervatory. Here
is an extenfive royal park, called Rich-
mond, or the New Park; iurrounded by
1 brick wall built by Charles 1.
RICHMONDSHIRE, a diitrict in the
N riding of Yorkfhire, tormerly a county
of itielt. It abounds in romantic fitu-
utions, and is noted for the neatneis and
induftry of its inhabitants, who manufae-
ture knit ftockings and other coarfe
yoods. Many lead mines are wrought
i this diftriét, of which Richmond is
the chief town.
RICKMANDSWORTH, a town in Hert-
ford{hire, with a market on Saturday,
feated on the Coln, eight miles sw of
St. Alban’s, and 18 wNw of London.
Lon. o 16 W, lat. 51.42 N.
Rrevi, an ancient town of Italy, in
the duchy of Spoleto, with a bifhop’s fee.
It is feated on the river Velino, near the
lake Rieti, 27 miles s by £ of Spoleto,
and 37 NB of Rome. Lon. 13 § £, lat.
42 23 Ne %
Rigux, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Garonne and late pro-
vince of Languedoc. Before the revolu-
tlon in 2789, it was a bifhop’s fee, It is.
RIN
feated on the Rife, 25 miles sw of Tou-
loufe, and 83 w of Narbonne. Lon, zg
17 E, lat. 43 16 N.
Rig£z, a town of France, im the depart-
ment of the Lower Alps and late province
of Provence. Before the revolution of
3789, it was a bifhop’s fee. It isa
pulous place, though finall, but was for-
merly much larger than it is at prefent.
It is feated in a plain, abounding with
good wine and excellent fruits, 35 miles
NE of Aix, and 50 NE of Toulon. Lon. .
6 22 E, lat. 43 51 N.
Rica, a government of Ruffia. See
Livonia.
Rica, a ftrong and populous town of
Ruffia, capital of the government of Li-
vonia. Next to Peterfburgh, it is the
moft commercial place in the Ruf
fian empire. The trade is chiefly carried»
on by foreign. merchants, who are refident
here, and thofe belonging to an Englith
faétary enjoy the greateit fhare of the
commerce. The principal exports are
corn, hemp, flax, iron, timber, mafts,
leather, and tallow. Within the fortifi-
cations are gooo inhabitants, and in the
fuburbs 15000, befide a garrifon of 1000
men. Here is a floating wooden bridges
over the Dwina, 2600 feet long and 40
broad : in winter, when the ice fets in,
it is removed; and in {pring it is re-
placed. Riga is five miles from the
mouth of the Dwina, and 250 sg of
Stockholm. Lon. 24 25 £, lat. 56 53 N.
RIMINI, an ancient and populous town
of Italy, in Romagna, with a bithop’s
fee, an old caftle, a ftrong tower, and
many remains of antiquity. It is feated
in a fertile plain, at the mouth of the
Marrechia, on the gulf of Venice, 20
miles sez of Ravenna, and 145 N by EB
of Rome. Lon. 12 39 £, lat. 44.4.N.
RIMMEGEN, a town of Weftphalia, in
the duchy of Juliers, feated on the Rhine,
and remarkable for feveral Roman an«
tiquities.
RINCOPING, a town of Denmark, in
N Jutland, feated on the w coaft, 50 miles.
N by w of Ripen.
RINGSTED, an ancient town of Den-
mark, in the ifle of Zealand, where the
kings of Denmark formerly refided and
were buried. It is 30 miles sw of Cor
penhagen. Lon. 12 10 £, lat. 55 28 N.
RinGwoop, a town in Hamphhire,
with a market on Wednefday, and a con-
fiderable manufacture of wortted knit hole.
It is feated on the Avon, 30 miles sw of
Winchefter, and gt w by s of London.
Lon. 1 41 W, lat. 50 49 N.
RINTLEN, a town of Weftphalia, in
=
e
+
i
”
i
HL
‘i.
ih
i
RIP
the county of Schawenburg, with a uni-
verfity. It is {ubjeét to the landgrave of
Hefle-Caffel, and feated on the Wefer,
15 miles sp of Minden, and 35 sw of
Hanover. Lon. 9 20 £, lat. 52 13. N.
R10-pB-LA-HACHA, a {mall province
of Terra Firma, in'S America. It is in
the form of a peninfula, between the gulf
of Venezeula on the £, and a bay of the
Caribbean Sea on the w.
Hacha, the capital, is feated at the mouth
of ariver of the fame pame, too miles
gE of St. Martha. Lon. 72 34 w, lat.
I 30.N.
R1io-DE-LA-MADALENA, a river in
Terra Firma, which rifes in the moun-
tains N of Popayan, and running », falls
into the Caribbean Sea, between Cartha-
gena and St. Martha. It is alfo called
Rio Grande.
RIO-pE-LA-PLATA. See PLATA.
‘R10-DE-MIRANDO, a river of Spain, ,
which rifes in the mountains of Atturias,
and feparating that province from Galicia,
enters the bay of Bifcay, at Rivadco.
Ri0-GRANDE, ariver of Africa, which
runs from £ to W through Negroland,
and falls into the Atlantic Ocean, in 11%
N latitude.
Rio-GRANDE, 2 river in Brafil, which
rifes near the Atlantic Ocean, and runs
w into the Parana, being the principal
branch of that river.
Rio-JANEIRO, a river of S America,
which rifes in the w mountains of Brafil,
and running E through that country, falls
into the Atlantic Ocean, at St. Sebaftian,
Rio-JANEIRO, one of the richelt pro-
vinces of Brafil, lying near the tropic of
Capricorn, on a river of the fame name.
The Portuguefe annually export hence
gold, filver, and precious ftones. St. Se-
bafiian is the capital.
Riom, an amient town of France, in
the department of Puy de Dome and late
province of Auvergne, feated on a hill, in
a pleafant country, eight miles NE of
Clermont, and 115 s of Paris. Lon. 3
13 E, lat. 45 54.N.
Rions, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Gironde and late province of
Guienne, feated cn the Garonne, 18 miles
SE of Bourdeaux.
Rrpa TRANSONE, a populous and
{trong town of Italy, in the marquifate of
Ancona, with a bithop’s fee. It is five
miles w of the gulf of Venice, and eight
s of Fermo. Lon. 13 50 £, lat. 42 59 N.
RipPen, a feaport of Denmark, in N
Jutland, capital of a diocefe of the fame
name, with a bifhop’s fee, a caftle, two
colleges, and a public library. ‘The
Rio-de-la-:
RIV
tombs of feveral kings of Denmark are in’
the cathedral, which is a very handfome
ftrugture. The harbour is at a fall dif.
tance, at the mouth of the river Nipfaa,
in a country which fupplies the bet
beeves in Denmark, It is 55 miles nw
of Slefwick, and 60 s by w of Wiburg.
Lon..g o£, lat, 5525 Ne
RiPLey, a town in the w riding of
Yorkthire, with a market on Monday,
feated on the Nyd, 23 miles wnw of
York, and 221 N by wof London. Lon,
130 Wy, lat. §44.N.
Rippon, an ancient borough in the w
riding of Yorkfhire, with a market on
‘Thuriday.. It was once famous for its
religious houles, and has now a collegiate
church, adorned with three lotty f{pires.
It is noted for its manufacture of hard.
wares, particularly fpurs, and the market-
place is one of the fineft fquares of the
kind in England. It is governed bya
mayor, fends two members to parliament,
and is feated on the Ure, 28 miles NW of
York, and 218 NNW of London. Lon.
129 Wy lat. 54. 11 N.
RiQviER, an ancient town of France,
in the department of Somme and late pro-
vince of Picardy, feated on the Cardon,
five miles NE of Abbeville, and 95 N of
Paris. Lon. 1 59 £, lat. 50 10 N.
RisBOROUGH, a town in Bukingham-
fhire, with a market on Saturday, 20 miles
s of Aylefbury, and 37 ww of London.
Lon. o 42 w, lat. 51 40 N.
RiTBERG, a town of Germany, in the
circle of Weftphalia, capital of a county
of the fame name, with a cattle. It
is feated on the Embs, 12 miles Nw of
Paderborn. Lon. 8 42 £, lat. 51 52 N.
Riva, a ftrong town of Germany, in
the bifhopric of Trent. It was taken
by the French in 1703, but foon aban-
doned. It is feated at the rrouth of a
{mall river, on the lake Garda, 17 miles
sw of Trent. Lon. 11 7 W, lat. 46
4N. .
Rivapavia, a town of Spain, in Ga-
licia, feated at the confluence of the
Minho and Avia, in a territory that pro-
duces the beft wine in Spain. It is 15
miles wsw of Orenfe. Lon. 7 55 w,
lat. 42.13 Ne ow.
RivapDE0, a feaport of Spain, in Ga-
licia, feated on a rock, at the mouth of
the Rio-de-Mirando, 45 miles NNE of
Lugo. . Lon. 6 47 w, lat. 43.38 N.
RIvaALLo, a town of Naples, in: Terra
di Lavora, feated on a mountain, 20
miles from Naples.
RIVESALTEs, atown of Franse, inthe
4
department of the Haitern Pyrenees one
Jate'pro
wine.
miles N
Riva
magnifi
Lon. 7
Rivo
ronefe,
milés N
45 34.N
Roa,
Cattile,
Dorero,
wine, 10
of Madr
Roan
town of
Rhone a
onois.
menceme
feated on
navigablg
chandife
Levant, i
by the ca
thence to
of Clerma
412 B, li
Roan
N Caroli
760 Wy i
RoANo
formed by
Staunton |
and Dan
linas Tl
tions, and.
vigable foi
miles. It
the sw en
Rosse.
Penguin .
near the C
22 8, lat.
RoBIL,
the duchy
river Mur
RoBIN-
coat of th
6E of W.
Here is a '
ply the cit
country, W
in their fe
inwhich a
-and-lobfte:
Rocca
Italy, ‘in t
Idro, 25
4o B, lat.
‘Rocca
D’ABBAZ
are in’
dioime
Ll dif.
ipfaa,
> belt
Ss NW
burg.
ing of
mnday,
iw of
Lon,
the w
et on
for. its
legiate
{pires,
hard.
arket-
of the
l bya
ament,
NW of
Lon.
‘rance,
te pro-
ardon,
5 Nof
gham-
> miles
budon.
ROC
Jate'province of Roufillon; famous for fine
wine. It is feated on the Egly, eight
miles N of Perpignan.
RtvOLt, a town of Piedmont, with a
miznificent cattle, nine miles w of. Turin.
Lon. 7 32 E, lat. 454 N.
RIVOLO, a town of Italy, in the Ve-
ronefe, feated on the lake Garda, 20
milés NW of Verona. Lon. 11 1 F, lat.
45 34 N.
Roa, a ftrong town of Spain, in Old
Caftile, with a citadel. It is feated on the
Dovero, in a country fertile in corn and
wine, 10 miles sw of Aranda, and 70 N
of Madrid. Lon. 3 22 Ww, lat. 41 35 .N.
Roanneé, a populous and commercial
town of France, in the department of
Rhone and Loire and late province of Ly-
onois. It was a yillage only at the com-
mencement of the prefent century ; and is
feated on the Loire, where it begins to be
navigable for barks. Hence the mer-
chandife of Lyons, Marieilles, and the
Levant, is conveyed down the Loire, and
by the canal of Briare, into the Seine, and
thence to Paris. Roanne is 50 miles NE
of Clermont, and 210 sE of Paris. Lon.
412 EB, lat. 46.13 N.
ROANOKE, an ifland on the coaft of
N Carolina, in Albemarle’County. Lon.
76 o Wy fat. 35 50 N.
ROANOKE, a rapidriver of N America,
formed by two principal branches ; namely,
Staunton River which rifes in Virginia,
and Dan River which rifes in N Caro-
lina. This. river is {ubjeét to inunda-
tions, and, on account of the falls, is na-
vigable for fhallops only, about 60 or 70
miles. It enters, by feveral mouths, into
the sw end of Albermarle Sound.
Rossen Istanp, fometimes called
Penguin Ifland, a barren fandy ifland,
near the Cape of Good Hope. Lon. 18
22 B, lat. 33 50s.
RoBIL, .a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Mecklenburg, feated on the
river Muretz.
Rosin-Hoon’s-Bay, a bay on the
-coatt of the Nn riding of Yorkfhire, to the
se of Whitby, about one mile broad.
Here is a village of fifhermen, who fup-
ply the city of York, and all the adjacent
country, with herrings, and all forts of fith
in their feafon} and they have well-boats,
in which are kept large quantities of crabs
-and-lobfters.-. Lon. 0 18 w, lat. §4 25 N.
Rocca-p’ANFO, a: {trong town of
Italy, in the Brefeiano, featéed on thé lake
Idro, 25 miles. $2 of Trent. Lon. 11
408, lat. 45°50 N. x
‘Rocca-p’ANNONE, and Rocca-
D'ABBAZZE, two ‘forts’ of: Italy, in
! ROS
Montferrat, each of whichis feated dn %
mounte.a, if the’ road from’ Afti to’ Alex-
andrias ny Bs SOMES Hi CITE
Rocuvate, ‘a town “ih ‘Lahcafhite}
with a market on Monday-and Satwday,
It is feated'in a’vale, on ithe Hvet Rothe
at the foot of the Yorkthiré HtHs} did "has
flourifhing manufactures ‘ot bays, “te PS;
and other woollen goods,’ which’ éxtend
1o miles N of the town. ‘It is $5, miles
wsw of York, and 195 NNW of Eon}
don. Lon.2 18 w, lat. 53:38N. 9 |”
_ Rocue, a town of Swillérland, fub-
je&t to the canton of Bern, whi¢h has herd
a direStor of the falt-works. Rochie is
memerable for the refidence of ‘tue cele-
brated Haller, who. filled that office from
1758 to 1766, °
Rocue, or Rocr'£-EN-ARDENNES, an,
ancient town of the Nethérlands,’ in the
duchy of Luxemberg, witha tlrorig caftle,
feated on a rock, near the river Ourte, 22
miles s of Liege, and 32 Nw of Luxem-
burgh. Lon. 540 £, lat? sors nN,
Rocue BERNARD, a town of France,
in the department of Morbihar and late
province of Bretagne; feaied on the river
Vilaine, 23 miles £ of Vannes.
RocHe Cuovurt, a town of ‘France,
in the department of Upper Vienne and
late province of Limofin, with a caftle on
the top of a mountain, on the declivity of
which the towi is feated; near a {mall
river that’ falls into the Vienne. It is
60 miles s by & of Poitiers, and 189
8 by wof Paris, Lon.o 538, lat. 45
46 N.
RocHe MACHERAN, a town of the
Netherlands, in the duchy of Luxemburg,
with a ftrong caftle, 15 miles Ne of
Luxemburg. Lon. 6 25, lat. 49 46 N.
Rocue Posay, a town of France, in
the department of Indre and Loire and
late province of Touraine, remarkable for
its mineral waters. It is feated on the
Creufe, 25 miles s of Loches. Lon, o
50 E, lat. 4645 N. ‘
ROCHE-sUR-YON, a town of France,
in the department of Vendeé’and late pro=
vince of Poitou, feated near the Yon, 20
miles NW of Lucon, and 202: sw of
Paris. Lon. 1 31 w, lat. 46 40 N.
ROCHEFORT, a feaport of France, in
the department’ of Lower Charente and
late territory of Aunis, with a commo-
dious harbour, one of the moft famous in
France. It was built by Lewis x1v, in
1664, 15 iniles from the mouth. of the
‘Charente, the efitrance of which is de-
‘fended by fevéeral forts. The ftreets ate
“broad and ftraight; the houfes low, but
regulas; and it is fuppofed to contain
i ‘ ‘ K. k ole a . ’
Fan gm OE .
Se a
> a
Ss RT EO RITE NN
eee eee eS ee
~ <Eee ns tO E DT Rh £ 2
Fr SEP ew 3 2
ROC ROD
30,000 jnbabitants. . Ithasia magnificent with fourpence to carry them forward on
hofpital, vat barracks, the: fineft hall of their journey; but they are to {tay no longer
arms in France, a noble arfenal, a-rope- than one night; and an inicription over
yard, a foundry for cannon, and all the the door intimates, that regues and proc-
other magazines neceffary for the con- tars are excepted. The corporaticn has
ftru€tion and equipment of thips of war. jurifdiction over the great oylter-tithery
It is 38 miles ssz of Rochelle, and 127 ‘in the feveral creeks of the Medway,
ow of Paris.. Lon. 0 54 W, lat. 46 3 .N. Rochefter is parted from Stroud on the w
OCHEFORT, a town of the Nether- by its bridge, and it is contiguous to
Jands, in the duchy of Luxemburg, with Chatham on the £. It.is 27 miles Nw
a caftle, faid to have been built by the et Canterbury, and 30 6B of London.
Romans. It is furrounded by rocks, and Lon. o 36 B, lat. 51 23 N-
is 25 miles se of Dinant, and 50 Nw Rocuester, a village in Northun.
of Luxemburg. Lon. 51028, lat.5012N. and, on the Watling-ftreet, Nw ot Ot.
RocHEFOUCAULT, a town of France, terburn, and near the fource of the Read.
in the department of Charente and late It has fome Roman altars, inicriptions,
province of Angoumois, with a caitle. It and other antiquities.
is feated on the Tardouere, 12 miles NE. | ROCHFORD, a town in Effex, with a
ot Angouléme, and 208 s by w of Paris. market on Thurfday, 16 miles sé of
Lon. 0 29 BE; lat. 45 46 N. Chelmsford, and 40 8 by N of London,
RocHELLeE, a fortified town of France, Lon. o 41 £, lat. 51 36 N-
in the department of Lower Charente and = Rocituz, an ancient town of Saxony,
late territory of Aunis, with a commo- in the territory of Leipfic, with a caitle,
dious and fafe harbour. Jt was lately copper-mines, and a handiome bridge over
a bithop’s fee, and contains 16000 inha- the Muldaw.
bieants. It has five gates; and the houfes | ROcKBRIDGE, a county inthe ftate of
are fupported by piazzas, under which Virginia, between the Allegany Moun.
erfons may walk in all weathers. tains and the Blue Ridge, which receives
Pewis x11 took this place from the Hu- its name from a curious natural bridge,
guenots, in 1628, alter a fiege of 14 See CEDAR CREEK.
months, during which the inhabit.its © RockincHam, a town in Northamp.
fulfered all the horrors of famine, only tonthire, with a market on Thuriday, and
4000, out of 15,000, liuviving the fiege. formerly of note fer its caftle, long ago
To prevent the Englith meer ing in fuc- demolished. It is feated on the Welland,
cours by fea, cardinal Richelieu con- 422 miles s of Oakham, and 84.N by war
ftructed a peonipions mole, 4482 feet in London. Lon. o 46 Wy lat. 52 32 N.
extent. The inhabitants carry on a confi- ROCKINGHAUSEN, a town of Germa.
derable trade ; efpecially in wines, brandy, ny, in the palatinate of the Rhine, 26
fugar, falt, paper, liven, and ferges. miles w of Worms.
Rochelle is feated on the bay of Bifcay, “ Rockisaw, a town of Bohemia, in
67 miles 8 by £ of Nantes, and 220 sw. the circle of Pilfen, 11 miles £ of Pilfen,
of Paris. Lon.1 4 w, lat. 46 g N. Rocovux, a village of the Netherlands,
ROCHESTER, a city in Kent, with a near Liege, remarkable for a victory gained
market on Wednefday and Friday. It by the French, over the allies, in 1746.
ie feated on the Medway, over which is * Rocroy, a town of France, in the de-
a ftone bridge. It is governed by a paitment of Ardennes and late province of
midyor, and fends twa members to Champagne, feated in a plain, furrounded
parliament. It is an ancient place, by forctts. -It is celebrated for the vic;
and was formerly much larger than at tory, which the prince of Condé, then
prefent. Its caltle, now in ruins, once duke of nghien,-and only 22 years of
-wendered it of great importance; and here age, gained over the Spaniards, in 1443,
als are fome remains of 9 prlony Ro It is 26 miles N of Rethel. Lon. 4 27
chefter is a bifhop’s fee, and has, befide e£, lat. 4¢ 56 N.
‘the cathedral, three parith churches. It | RopesTo, Roposto, or RuptsTd,
eonfits chiefly of one principal treet, a populous seaport of ‘Turkey in Europe,
which is wide, and paved. The inha- in Romania, with a Greek bithop's ite.
Bitants are chicfly tradefmen and inn- It is feated on the fide of a hill, on the
Keepers; no fort of panufa&ture being fea of Marmora, 62 miles sw of Con-
€artied on here. It hqs two freefchools, ftantinople. Lon, 27 37 £, lat. 41 1 N.
ene called the King’s, and the other the = Ropez, an ancient town of France, ia
City School. | Here is ,allo an almfhoule the department of Aveiron and late pro-
fo &x poor travellers, who are fupplied vince of Rouergue. Here are four great
with a Supper, @ bed, and a breakfalt, annual fairs, where mules are fold for
Spain
cloths
and
mark
mired
in the
the foe
30 mi
Ey lat
Rol
near
ives
ee the
Epping
below
Rog
riles i
the tov
Maele,
ROE
in the
Arenfb
below
ROE
Auttria
Mons.
Rou
capital ¢
is feate
and Ord
and 158
532 N-
Rou:
partmen
of Breta
N of Vat
Roni
tory of
bitants <
E ot Del
Oude, |
1774.
Rour
in the ¢
territory
feven m:
66k, |:
Rou
N af St
Oxtord.
upright,
were me
with ref
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Rom,
on the |
miles. ir
breadth,
Rom.
-Escletiad
the Ferr
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vard on
o longer
mn Over
id proc.
ion has
‘-fithery
ledway,
n the w
NOUS te
les Nw
London.
orthwn.
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(oJ Read.
‘iptions,
. with a
+ SE of
London,
Saxony,
a cattle,
dge over
: ftate of
> Moun.
receives
_ bridge,
rthamp.-
day; and
ong ago
elland,
by w af
32 Ne
Germa.
ine, 26
mia, in
Pilfen,
erlands,
y gained
1746.
b the de.
bvince of
rounded
the vice
é, then
ears of
vv 1443.
Me 4 27
DISTO,
urope,
In’s fee.
‘on the
bf Con-
Ne
nce, ia
te pros
fe
ROM.
in; and fome manufactures of gray
cloths and ferges. It is a bifhop’s fee;
and the fteeple of the cathedral is re-
markable for its height, and much ad-
mired for its architecture. It is feated
in the midft of mountains, on a hill, at
the foot of which flows the rapid Aveiron,
go miles w by s of Mende. Lon. a 39
E, lat. 44 21 N. :
Ropino, ariver in Effex, which rifes
near Dunmow, runs s to Ongar, and
gives the name of Rodings to this part
of the county. It then flows between
Epping and Hainault Foreft, to Barking,
below which it falls into the Thames.
Roger, a river of Weitphalia, which
rifes in the duchy of Juliers, pafks by
the town of that name, and falls into the
Maete, above Ruremonde.
Rokr, ariver of Germany, which rifes
in the circle of the Upper Rhine, waters
Arenfberg, and falls into the Rhine,
below Duifburg.
RoEUx, a town of the Netherlands, in
Auttrian Hainault, eight miles NE of
Mons. Lon, 4 12 £, lat. 50 31 N.
Rowaczow, a town of Lithuania,
capital of a diftri& of the fame name. It
is feated at the confluence of the Dnieper
and Ordrwa, 37 miles Nw of Rzeczica,
and 158 N of Kiof. Lon. 30 40 8, lat.
53.2 N.
ROHAN, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Morbihan and late province
of Bretagne, {eated on the Aoutt, 20 miles
N of Vannes. Lon. 2 42 W, lat. 480 N.
ROHILCUND, or ROHILLA, a terri-
tory of Hindooftan Proper, whofe inha-
bitants are called Rohillas. It lies to the
E of Delhi, and is tubject to the nabob of
Oude, by whom it was conquered in
1774. Bereilly is the capital.
Rotpuc, a town of the Netherlands,
in the duchy of Limburg, capital of a
territory of the fame name, with a caftle,
feven miles N of Aix-la-Chapelle. Lon.
66, lat. 50 55 N.
RoLuricu STONES, in Oxfordhhire,
N of Stanton Harcourt, fix miles w of
Oxford. It isa circle of ftones ftanding
upright, which the vulgar have a notion
were men petrified. Antiquaries dilagree
with refpeét to the origin and intention of
this ancient monument.
Rom, or Rog, an ifland of Denmark,
on the g coalt of S Jutland. It is five
miles in length, and half as much in
breadth, and contains a few villages.
ROMAGNA, a province of Italy, in the
-Ecclefiaftigal State, bounded, on the N by
the Ferrarefe, on the s by Tuscany and
Urbino, on the # by the gulf of Venice,
ROM
and on the w by the Bolognefe and Tuf-
cany. ‘It is fertile in corn; wine, oil,
fruits, and paftures, It has alfo mines,
mineral. waters, and falt-works, which
make its principal revenue. Ravenna is
the capital.
Romain-MorTigr, a town 6f Swif-'
ferland, in the Pays de Vaud, capital of
a bailiwic, with a caftle. It is feated at
the foot of a high mountain, in gfiarrow
valley, chiouygt which flows the river
iaz.
ROMANIA, a province of Turkey in
Europe, 200 miles long and 150 broad;
bounded on the N by Bulgaria, on the &
by the Black Sea, an the s by the Archi-
pelago and the fea of Marmora, and on
the w by Macedonia and Bulgaria. It
was formerly called Thrace, and is the
largeft of all the Turkifh provinces in
Europe. It is fruitful in corn and pafs
tures; and there are mines of filver, lead,
and alum. It is divided into three
hh ee or fangiacates; namely,
irkel, of which Philipoli is the capital ;
Galipoli, whole capital is of the fame
name; and Byzantium, Byzia, or Viza;
of which Conftantinople is the capital.
RoMANO, a ftrong and populous town
of Italy, in Bergamofco. It carries on 2
great trade in corn, and is feated on a river
that runs between the Oglio and Serio;
ROMANS, an ancient town of France;
in the department of Drome and late pro-
vince of Dauphiny. It is feated in a fine
patty on the river Ifere, 22 miles sw of
renoble, and 30 s of Vienne. Lon. §
12 E, lat. 452 N.
Rome, a famous city of Italy, for-
merly three times as large as it is at
pres but ftill one of the largeft and
andiomeft cities of Europe. It is com-
puted to contain 170,000 inhabitants,
which, though greatly inferior to what it
could boaft in the days of its ancient power,
is more than it has been able to numbet
at fome former periods fince the fall of the
empire; there being reafon to think, that,
at particular times fince, it has been re-
duced below 40,000. The numbers have.
gradually increated during the whole of
this prefent century. Some of the prin-
cipal ftreets are of confiderable length,
and perfectly ttraight. That called the
Corfo is the moft frequented. Here the
nobility difplay their equipages during
the carnival, and take the air in the even-
ings, in tair weather. The fhops on each
fide are three or four feet higher than the
ftreet; and there is a path for the conve-
niency of foot paffengers, on a level with
the fhops. The palaces, of which thers
KRka2
ROM
fire feveral in this ftreet, range in a line
with, the houfes, having no courts before
them. . The Strada Felice, and the Strada
di Porta Pia, are alfo very long and noble
fitreets. There are no lanips lighted in
the ftreets at night; and all, Rome would
be, in. utter darknels, were it not for the
candles which the devotion of individuals
fometimes place before the ftatues of the
Virgin: thefe appear gl. mmerin r, at vatt
intervals, like itars in a cloudy night.
‘The. footmen carry dark lanterns behind
the carriages of people of the firit diftinc-
tion. . This darkneis, it may be fuppofed,
is not unfavorable to affignations among
the inferior people; and when a carriage,
witha lantern behind it, accidentally comes
hear a couple who do not with to be
known, one of them calls out, wolti la
lanterna, turn the lantern; and is imme-
diately obeyed. Rome exhibits a ftrange
mixture of magnificent and interefting,
and of common and beggarly objects:
the former confift of palaces, churchesy
fountains, and the remains of antiquity ;
the latter comprehend all the reft of the
city. The church of St, Peter, in the
Opinion of sim ( furpaffes, in fize and
magnificence, the fineft monuments of
ancient architecture. Its length is 730
feet; the breadth 520; and the height,
from the pavement, to the top of the crofs,
which crowns the cupola, 450. 4 com-
plete defcription of this church, and of
ats ftatues, baffo-relicvos, columns, and
various other ornaments, would fill’ vo-
lumes. The Pantheon is the moft per-
feS&t of the Roman temples which now
remain, and in'ipite of the depredations
it has fuftained from Goths, Vandals, and
popes, is ftill a beautiful monument of
Roman tafte. The pavilion of the great
altar, which ftands under the cupola of
St. Peter, and the four wreathed pillars
of Corinthian brafs which /uppor: it,
were formed cut of the fpoils of the Pan-
theon, which, after all, and with the
weight of 1800 years tpon its head, his
Mill a probability of outliving its proud
capacious rival. For the eircular form
of this temple, it has obtained the name
of the Rotundo. Its height is 150 feet,
and its breaath nearly the fame. There
are no windows; the central opening in
the dome admitting a fufficiency of light.
The rain which falls through this aper-
ture, immediately drills through holes,
which perforate a large piece of porvhyry,
that forms: the centre of the pavement.
Being converted into a Chrifian temple,
the Pantheon, originally erected to the
honour of all the godsp 18 how dédicated
to the Virgin, and to all the martyrs and
ROM
faints. As the Pantheon is the moft in.
tire, the Amphitheatre of Vefpafian is the
moft ftupendous monument of antiquity
in Rome. About one half of the exter-
nal circuit ftill remains ; from which a
pretty exact idea may be formed of the
original ftruéture. By a computation of
Mr. Byres, it could contain 85,000 fpec-
tators. The Gampidoglio is an elegant
ftrugture, raifed on part of the ruins of
the ancient Capitol. But the antiquities
of Rome are too numerous to be minutely
defcribed. We fhall, therefore, pafs over
the ancient Forum, now a cow-market ;
the beautiful Column of Trajan, 120 feet
high, on the top of which is the ftatue of
St. Peter, inftead of that of Trajan, &c,
The church of St. John Lateran, the
Romans fay, is the moft ancient of all
the churches of Rome, and the mother of
all the churches in Chriftendom. To this
church, every new pope conftantly goes
firft, in a magnificent proceflion, to take
pofleffion of the holy fee. The pope has
thrue fuperb palaces, of which the prin.
cipal is the Vatican, near St. Peter's
church. The library of this palace is the
largeft and moft complete in the world;
rich, efpecially, in manufcripts in all lan-
guages, and of all ages. In Rome, the
connoiffeur will meet with innumerable
paintings by the greateft mafters, and With
the fine works of fculpture, &c! ° 'The
cattle of St. Angelo ferves more to keep
the city in awe, than to repel any foreign
attack. Rome is feated: on the Tiber,
410 milés ssw of Vienna, 600 sz of
Paris, 730 E by N of Madrid, and 760
w otf Conttantinople. Lon. 12 558, lat.
41 54.N4
ROMELIA, the general name given by
the Turks to their European dominions,
ROMHILDEN, a town of Germany, in
the circle of Franconia, with a cattle. It
belongs to the duke of Saxe Altenburg.
Romney, Nrw, a town in Kent, with
amarket on ‘Thuriday. It ig one of the
cinquc-ports, and once contained five
churches and a priory; but fince the fea
has retired, it is reduced to a finall place.
It is feated in a marfh of the fame name,
71 miles se of London, Lon.1 §¢&, lat.
SION.
RomMNey Marsh, a vatt traét of rich,
wet land, which occupies the moft fouth-
ern part of Kent, between Dungenets and
Rye haven. ll~ animals are fattened
_here* to “an’ extraordinary fize, and many
“bullécks are fent hence to the London
‘market; but it is deeméd a very un-
healthy’ traét. er is. ab
RomontT, or Ropmont, a ftiong
town of Swiflerland, in the canton of
feated
miles:
Seville
Ro«
princip
neau t
Rog
Hobbs
ate pr
Doudie
Kog
the dep
of Lar
near th
Lon. 4
Ros
alatin:
Zolva,
25 455
Os
for a \
Pruffia,
theem
Rosi
of Swif
of St. C
It is fe:
Ros
the ife
and aur
conclud
church
Denmai
a {mal}
Lon. r2
Rose
the pro
oft in.
1 is the
Hiquity
exter-
hich a
of the
tion of
© fpec-
elegant
uins of
quities
inutely
ifs over
narket ;
20 feet
atue of
nN; &e.
n, the
of all
other of
To this
ly goes
to take
ope has
le prin-
Peet's
eis the
world;
all lan-
me, the
merable
nd with
The
to keep
foreign
Tiber,
SE ot
nd 760
E, lat.
ven by
nions;
ny, in
tle It
burg.
it, with
of the
bd five
the fea
} place.
name,
Ey lat.
bf rich,
fouth-
e{s and
nttened
many
ondon
un-
ftiong
ton ot
ROS
Friburg, feated on a mountain, 10 miles
from Friburg, and 12 from Bern. Lon,
7 18, lat.46 son.
ROMORENTIN, a town of France, in
the department of Loir and Cher and late
otf act of Blaifois, with a caftle, on the
rook Morentin, which lofes ittelf in the
Saudre. On one of its gites is infcribed
Roma Minor; but there is nothing to juf-
tify this appellation, On the contrary,
were. it not for its manutagtures of ferges
and cloths, which are very good, this place
would be fcarcely known.; It is 45 miles
E of Tours, and 100 8 by: w ot Paris.
Lon. 1 478, lat. 47 22.
RONCIGLIONE, a town of Italy, in
the patrimony of St. Peter, capital of a
‘mall diftrigt of the fame name, It ‘is
feated on the Tereja, near a lake of the
fame name, 12 miles § of, Viterho, and
24 NNW of Rome, Lon.12 328, lat.
42 I8N.
Ronpa, a ftrong town of Spain, in
Granada, with a caftle. It wes taken
from the Moors in 1485, and is feated
on acraggy rock near the Rig Verde, 20
miles Nw of Gibraltar, and 62 sE of
Seville, Lon. 5 12 w, lat. 36 40°'N.
RoQUEBRUNE, a town of Italy, in the
princi asi. of Monaco, with acattle, ‘eated
near the fea, three vailes from Monaco.
Roque-DE Maksan, a town of
France, in the department of Landes and
late province of Marian, feated on the
Douete, 10 miles NE of Mont-de- Marian.
KOQUEMAURE, a town of France, in
the department of Gard and late province
of Languedoc, feated on a craggy rock,
near the Rhone, 22 miles NE ot Nifmes,
Lon. 4 488, lat.442N.
Rosana, a,town of Lithuania, in the
alutinate ot Novogrodec, feated near the
Zolva, 20 miles sw of Novagrodec. Lon.
25458, lat.§5 30N,
Rospacu, a cown of Saxony, famous
for a vistory obtained by the king of
Pruffia, over the French, and the army of
theempire, in 1757.
RoscHAD,a populous commercial town
of Swifferland, in a bailiwic of tn: abbey
of St. Gallen, wit a caftle on a mountain.
It is feated on the lake of Conttance,
RoscuHiLp, a town of Denmark, in
the ie of Zealand, with a bilhop’s fee,
and auniverfity, It is famous fora treaty
concluded here in 1658; and in the great
church are feveral tombs of the kings of
Denmark. It is feated at the bottom of
a {mal} bay, 15 miles w of Copenhagen.
Lon. 12258, lat. 55 42. '
Roscommon, a county of Ireland, in
the province of Connaught, 59 miles long
ROS
and 28 broad; bounded on the zg by
Longford and W Meath, on the n by
alge and Leitrim, on the s by Galway,
and on the w by Galway and Mayo.
It is a level fruitful country, and by the
help of good hufbandry yields excellent
corn, It contains 59 parifhes; and fends
eight members to parliament.
RoscomMoON, a borough of Ireland,
in a county of the fame name, with a
feffions-houfe and a jail. It is 80 miles
Ww of Dublin. Lon.8 2 Ww, lat.53 34.
Rosgav. Sce CHARLOTTE-TOWN.
Rose Cast ez, in Cumberland, a feat
of the hifhop of Carlitle, fituate on the
river Caude, near Inglewood Foreft. It
was burnt down in the civil ‘wars; but
has {ince, by feveral of its bithops, been
reftored, though perhaps not to that mag-
nificence which it had when Edward 3
fodges here, in his expedition to Scat.
ne, ht
Roses, a feaport of Spain, in Catg-
lonia, with a citadel, feated on the bay
of Rofcs, in the Mediterranean, 15 miles
Ne of Gironna.. It was taken by the
French in 1693, and on January 5, 3795.
Lon, 3 1 Ey lat.q2 16N, is. gralvhneonsh
Roserra, ,4 town of Egypt, feated
on the w branch, of the File | The
Egyptians call it Ra(chid, and accountit
one of the pleafanteft places in the country,
It has a great manufaflure of ftriped
and..other ,coarfe linens ;,,but, its” chief
bufinefs is the carriage’ of goods Hence ‘to
Cairo; for al] European merchandi eis
brought hither from Alexandria by tea,
and carried hence by boats-to Cairo. The
Europeans have theix viceconiuls and
factors here,. It is 25 miles ne of Alex-
andria, and, 100 NW of Cairo, ‘Lon. 30
450, lat. 31 30N. ae ASO
Rosuaan,a country af Afia, lying
to the w of the kingdom of Burmah, tq
which it is fubject. oe ox
ROSIENNE, a town of Samogitia, feat.
cd on the Dubifle, 70 miles s of Mittayy
and 188 Np.of Warfaw... Lon, 23 45 gy
lat..55 30.N. Bb, ade.
ROSIER S+AUX-SALINBS, a town of
Francz, in the department of Meurthe
and late,province of Lorrain, famous fpr
its falt-works, Itis feated on the Meurthe,
ning: miles sz of Nanci, and 170 B of
Paris. Lon. 6 278, lat.4835N.
Rosoy, a. town of France, in the de-
putment of Seine and Marne and lkete
province of the Ifle of France, v"'l. 4
magnificent caftle,.15 miles s of Meaux.
Lon. 2 59 By, Jat. 48 40.N.
Ross, ayfeaport of Freland, in the
county of Cork, It is united to Corkas
Kk 3
ROT
an epifcopal ‘fee, and is feated on a bay
of the Atlantic, 20 miles sw of Kinfale.
Lon. 8 58 w, lat. 51 32.N,
‘Ross, a town in Herefordfhire, with
a market on Thurfday, feated on the
Wye, 12 miles se of Hereford, and 115
w by N of London. Lon. 2 25 w, lat.
51 56N. dns i
Ross-sHir#, a county. of Scotland,
70 miles long and 58 broad; bounded on
the n by Sutherlandthire and the frith of
Dornoch, on the w by the Minch, on the
s by Invernelsfhire, and on the z by the
frith of Murray and the county of Cro-
marty, which laf: it almoft inclofes. The
Nw part is mountainous and dreary; that
to the EB variegated with woods, lakes,
and rivers. The hills teed black-cattle,
fheep, and goats. In the woods are ftags,
roes, and the beautiful bird, called the
‘Capercailzie, or Cock of the Wood; it
is of a bright azure colour, and almoft as
Yarge as a common turkey. On the tops
“of the high rocky mountains is found the
ptarmigan, a fimple bird, act quite the
dize of a partridge, It is often indebted
fur its fatety to its gray colour, which re-
_fembles the stones arnong which it lodges.
‘Jn’ winter its colour changes to a pure
“white, Jiké the fnow, in which it often
‘buries itielf. ‘The inhabitants of the w
_and s parts ‘fpeak the Erfe language,
which is alfo underftood on the £ coaft,
‘where, however, Englifh is generally
‘Spoken. =
Rossano, a ftrong and populous town
‘of Naples, in Calabria Citeriore, with an
_archbifhop’s fee. It is feated on an emi-
“nence, furrounded by rocks, three miles
from the gulf of Venice, and 136 se of
‘Naples. Lon. 16 38 8, lat. 39 48 N.
RosTock, a fortified town of Lower
Saxony, in the duchy of Mecklenburg,
“witha univerfity, a good harbour, a ftrong
citadel, and an arlenal. Here are feveral
“handfome churches, and it was formerly
“ene of the hanfeatic towns. It is divided
into three parts, the Old, the New, and
. the Middle Town. It is ftill imperial,
pnder the proteétion of the duke of Meck-
lenburg, and is feated on a lake, where
the river Varne falls into it, three miles
“from the Baitic, 12 n of Guftrow, and
60 £ of Lubec. Lon. y2 158, Jat. 54
SN.
~ Rosror, a large town of Ruffia, in
the government of Yaroflaf, with an ar-
chiepilcopal fee. It is feated on the lake
Nere, or Roftof, which communicates
_ with the Volga by the river Kotoroft, 9 5
miles NE of Moicow. Lon. 49 25 £,
“dat. 57 5 N.
RO T
Rora, a town and caftle of Spain, in
Andalufia, at the entrance of the bay of
Cadiz, feven miles nx of Cadiz. Lon. 6
16 Wy lat. 36 35 °N.
Rora, an ifland of Afia, one of the
principal of the Ladrones.
ROTENBURG, a free imperial town of
Germany, in the circle of Franconia,
feated on the Tauber, 15 miles Nw of
Anfpach. Lon. 10 23, lat. 49 23 N.
ROTENBURG, 2 town of Suabia, in
the county of Hoenburg, with a cattle.
It belongs to the houfe of Auftria, and is
remarkable for its mineral waters. It is
feated on the Neckar, feven miles w of
Tubingen. Lon. 8 55 £, lat. 48 28N.
ROTENBURG, a town of Germany, in
the landgravate of Heffe-Caffel, with a
caftle, feated on the Fulde, 25 miles s of
Caffel. Lon. 9 30 £, lat. 50 §5 N.
Rorusury, a town in Northumber-
land, whofe market is difcontinued. It
is nine miles sw of Alnwick, and 302 N
by w of Londcn.
ROTHER, a river which rifes in Suf-
fex, forms the boundary ‘between that
coun‘y and Kent, for a fhort fpace, and
enters the Englifh Channel, at Rye.
ROTHERHAM, a town in the w riding
of Yorkfhire, with a market on Monday.
It has a large church, and is famous fer
confiderable iron-works in its neighbour-
hood: fee MasBrouGH. Rotherham is
feated on the Don, over which is a ftone
bridge, 31 miles N of Nottingham, and
160 N by w of Londoy. Jon. 24w,
lat. 53 24. N.
Rorusay, a borough of Scotland, the
capital of the ifle of Bute. It is fituate
on the £ fide of the ifland, and has an
excellent harbour and pier. Here is an
ancient caftle, once a royal palace, which
gives the title of duke to the prince of
Wales, as it long did, before the'union,
to the heir-apparent of the crown of Scot-
land. It is 7o miles w of Edinburgh.
Lon. 5 17 W, lat. 55 50 N.
ROTHWELL, a town in Northampton.
fhire, with a market on Monday, feated
on the fide of a hill, 15 miles NNE of
Northampton, and 79 NNW of London.
Lon. 1 7 Wy, lat. 52 21 N.
ROTTerDaM, a city of the United
Provinces, in Holland, with one of the
fineft harbours in the Netherlands. It is
the mott confiderable place in’ Holland,
for fize, beauty of its buildings, and trade,
next to Amfterdam. ‘There are’ {o many
deep canals, that thips may unload at the
very doors of the warehoules. ‘The town-
houfe, the bank, and the ar(enals are mav-
Nificent. It ig more frequented by the
Spain, in
the bay of
7- Lon, 6
one of the
ial town of
Franconia,
les NW of
.49 23N,
Suabia, in
ha cattle,
fia, and is
ers. It is
niles w of
48 28 N,
ermany, in
el, with a
miles s of
55 N.
rthumber.
inued. It
and 302 N
es in Suf-
ween that
{pace, and
Rye.
e W riding
n Monday.
famous for
neighbour.
therham is
is a ftone
pham, and
WY 2W,
lotland, the
is fituate
ind has an
ere is an
ace, which
rince of
the ‘union,
of Scot-
dinburgh.
hampton-
y, feated
$s NNE of
London,
he United
ne of the
s. It is
Holland,
and trade,
‘{o many
acd at the
he town-
are may-
by the
ROU
Britifh merchants than Amfterdam, be--
caule the ice goes away fooner, and a
fingle tide, in two or three hours, will
carry a veffel into the open jea. Some of
the houles are built in the old Spanith
ftyle with the gable ends embattled in
frent ; but there is a great number of
toodern brick houfes, which are lofty and
fpacious, particularly on-that magnificent
quay called the Bomb Tees. On this quay.
is a handfome Jewifh fynagogue. Erafmus
was born in this city, and his ftatue in
bronze ftands in an open place, at the
head of one of the canals ; and in a nar-
row ftreet, leading from. the ftatue to the
great church, is ftill thown the houfe in
which he was born, with an infcription,
in front, to his honour. Rotterdam re-
ceived the Frengh troops, Jan. 23, 1795.
It is feated on the Merwe (the moit nor-
thern branch of the Maefe) 13 wiles se
of Hague, and 30 ssw of Amiterdam.
Lon. 4 28 Ey lat. 51 56.N.
ROTTERDAM, ‘one of the Friendly
Iflands, inthe S Pacific Ocean, dilcovered
by Tafman in 1643. Lon. 174 30 w;
lat. 20 16 s.
ROTWEIL, a free imperial city of Sua-
bia, in alliance with the Swils cantons
{ince the year 1513. A mile and a half
from this place is a famous abbey, where
they receive none but noble women. It
is feated on the Neckar, near its fource,
and alfo near the Danube, 27 miles ssw
of Tubingen. Lon. 8 445, lat.43 9N.
ROUEN, a city of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Seine and fate pro-
vince of Normandy, with an archbifhop’s
fee. It is the capital of the department,
and ieated on the x fide of the Seine.
The ttreets are narrow, crooked, dircy,
and confit of wooden houfes ; notwith-
ftanding which, it is one of the moft opu-
lent and important places in France. It
is two leagues and a half in circuit, and
(its fix fuburbs included) is computed to
contain 73,000 inhabitants. Among the
public buildings, the moft. diftinguifhed
are, the Great Hall of the Palace, in
which the late parliament of Rouen met ;
the old cattle; andthe principal church,
ornamented with three towers, in one of
which is the great bell, which bears the
name of cardinal George d’Amboife, a
minjfter, whofe memory is much reipedted
in France. It weighs 40,000 lbs. and is
one foot thick; its cirgumference is 32
feet, and its height and breadth 10 feet:
the clapper alone weighs 710 Iby. Near
this church, which is not the only re-
markable one, is the public library, ‘The
fveple of the late Bencdictings of St, Qwen
ROU
is an elegant Gothic ftru€ture, The
linens of Rouen, particularly what are
called the Siamoife, are much efteemed.
There are alfo manufactures of cloth, and
a manutacture of oil of vitriol, the only
one in France. The fuburb of St. Sever,
fituate on the other fide of the Seine,
communicates with the city by a bridge
of beats, which rifes and falls with the
tide, and is made to open, fo as to-ade
mit the pailage of fhips. It is paved,
and is 270 paces long. Rouen is the
birthplace of the two Corneilles, and of
Fontenelle. It is 50 miles sw of Amiens,
and 70 Nw of Paris. Lon. 108, lat.
49 27 N.
Rovere, or Roverno, a town of
Gerinany, in the circle of Auftria, and in
the Tirol, feated on the Adige, at the
foot of a mountain, and on the fide of a
ftream, over which is a bridge, defended
by two large towers and a {trong cattle.
The Auftrians were defeated near this
place, in September 1796, by the French,
who took pofleffion of the town; but they
were obliged to abandon it in November
following. It is eight miles s of Trent.
Lon. 11 27 E, lat. 46 oN.
ROVERGUE,a late province of France,
in the government of Guienne, 75 miles
long and 50 broad; bounded on the £ by
the Cevennes and Gevardan, on the w by
Querci, on the N by the fame and Au-
vergne, and on the s by Languedoc. It
is not very fertile, but feeds a number of
cattle, and has mines of copper, iron,
alum, vitriol, and fulphur. It now forms
the department of Aveiron.
ROVIGNO, a populous town of Vene-
tian Iftria, with two good harbours, and
quarries of fine ftone. It is feated in a
territory which produces excellent wine,
on a peninfula, on the wettern coaft, eight
miles s of Parenzo and 32 of Capo d'Ii-
tria. Lon. 14 2 &, lat. 45 16 N,
Rovico, a town of Italy, capital of
the Poiefino di Rovigo, feated- on the
Adige, 21 miles s of Padua, and.37 sw
of Venice. Lon. 12 148, lat. 45 38.
See Potesino pi Rovico,
ROUSSELART, a town of France, in
the department of the North and late
province of Fyench Flanders, 10 miles ni
of Ypres, and 29 sé of Oitend. Lon. 3
o£, lat, 50 58 MW.
ROUSSILLON, a late province of
France, 50 milgs long and 25 broad;
bounded on the & by the Mediterranean,
on the w by Cerdagna, on the N by
Lower Languedoc, and on the s by Qa-
talonia, from which it is feparated by the
Pyrenees, See Prrenegs Pastgan,
Rh ¢
RUD
RoxBURGHSHIRE, a: county of Scot.
land, fometimnes called Teviotdale ; bound-
ed onthe n by Berwickthire, on the Band
s by: Northumberland and Cumberiand,
and on the w by the fhires of Dumfries
and Selkirk. Krom sw to s it extends 30
rales, and nearly the: fame from E td w.
Fhe. principal rivers are the-T weed, “Te-
viot, and Liddell.) The:tace of the coun-
try exhibits a.rough, irregutar appearance
af mofles, hills, and imountains, inter-
fperfed with narrow vallies, wel] watered,
and fertile in com. The hills feed great
numbers of theep and cattle.
ROXENT, Cape, or Rock of LisBoan,
a remarkable mountain and promontory
in Portugal,. lying at the N entranice of
the Tajo, 22 miles w of Lifbon. Lon.
9 35 Wy lat. 38 43 N.
RoyYAN, once a large town of France,
in-the department of Lower Charente and
late province of Saintonge, famous ‘fer a
fiege maintained by the Hugenots againtt
Lewis x111, in.1622. It is now almott
in ruins, “and ‘is feated at the mouth of
the Garonne,’'30 miles s’ of Rochelle.
Lon..o §7 w, ‘lat. 45 38 N.
Royres, a ftrong town of France, in
the department of Somme anid late pro-
vince of Picardy. Some mineral waters
were difcovered here a few years ago. It
is 12 thiles Nw of Noyon, and 60 N,
by Eof Paris. Lon. 2 51 8, lat.49 46N.
RoysTon,‘a town in’ Herts, part of
‘which: is fituate in Cambridgefhire. It
has a gréat nfarket for corn on Wednef-
day; and’under the market-place is an
ancient fubterranean chapel, fuppofed to
be of Saxon conftruétion.. Royiton has
given itsnameto a fpecies of crow, called
alfo the Hooded or Gray Crow, which is
a bird of paffage in this neighbourhood,
and allo.on the-whole-eaftern coaft., -It is
as miles s by £ of Huntingdon, and 37
n ot London.’ Lon. o°rif, lat. §2:'6 N.
the: bay of Honduras, witha good har-
-bour.' Te lie?4o miles froin the coatt of
Honduras. a4 ¢ ¥
Italy, one of the “keys of the Mcdenefe,
feated onthe Seecia, eight miles Nw
of Modena. Lon. 42/148, lat. 44 39 N.
RUDELSTADT, @ (own of Upper Sax-
ony, in the landgravate of Thuringia,
and county of ‘Schwartzburg, with a caf-
tle, near the river Sala.
RuptseiMm, a town of Germany, in
the eluctorate af Mentz, three miles from
Bingen. Lon. 7°56 &, late.4g 49 N.
RupistTo.: See RoDESTO.
‘RUDOLFWERD, a [trong town of Ger:
6-
Rvaran, ‘an ifland of New Spain, in»
RusBiERA, 4 {mall ‘but ftrong town of
R.U P
many, in Carniola, with an abbey. It’
is feated on the Gurck, in a country fer-
tile in good wine, 45 miles se of Lau-
bach. Lon. 15 20 8, lat. 46 8 .N.
Rvurrac, atown of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Rhine ana late pro-
vince of Alface, feated on the Rotbach,
feven miles s of Colmar, and 17 NW of
Bafie. Lon. 7 27 £, lat. 47 58.
« Rurrec, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Charente and late province of
Angoumois, feated on the Anche, 24
miles N of Angouléme,
Rucpy, a town in Warwickthire, with
a market on Saturday, and a famous free-
fchool. It is 12% miles se of Coventry,
and 85 NNW of London. Lon 12 w,
lat. 52 24 N.
RUGLEY, a town in Staffordthire, with
amarket on Tuefday, feated on'the Trent,
106 miles se of Stafford, and 126 Nw of
London, Lon. 1 48 w, lat. 52 57 N.
RuGen, an ifland: of the Baltic, on
the coaft of Swedith Pomerania, oppofite
Stralfund, 23 miles long and 1g broad.
It is ftrong both by art and nature, and
abounds in corn and cattle. ‘The chief
town is Bergen.’ Lon. 14 40 E, lat. 54
23.N.
RUGENWALD, a town of Germany,
in Pruffian Pomerania, the chief place of
the duchy of Wenden, with a caftle. It
is feated on the Wipper, eight miles from
the Baltic, and 35 NE of Colberg: Lon.
16 27 E, lat. 54 35 .N.
RUMFORD, a town in Effex, with a
market for hogs on Tuefday, and for corn
on Wednefday. It is 12 miles ENE of
London. Lon. o 13 £, lat. 51 36 N.
RuMILLy, a town of Savoy, feated
on an elevated plain, at the confluence of
the Seram and’ Nepha, five miles from
Annecy. Lon. 6 10 8, lat. 45 56.
RuMNEY, or RHYNEY; ariver, which
‘rifes in Brecknockfhire, and feparating
the counties of Glamorgan and Mon-
mouth, enters the Briftol Channel to the
sE of Cardiff. '
RuMSEY, a corporate town in Hamp-
fhire, with a market on Saturday. It is
governed by a mayor, has a manufacture of
fhaloons, and feveral paper and corn mills.
It is eight miles NN w of Southampton, and
74 w by s of London. Lon. 1 31 w,
lat. 51 2N.
RUNNYMEAD, aeelebrated mead, near
Egham in Surry, where king John was
compelled to fign Magna: Charta and
Charta de Forefta.: See WRAYSBURY.
On this mead are annual horfe-races.
RUPEL, a river of the Auftrian Nether-
lands, formed by the junction of the
pret
bey. Ir’
intry fer.
of Lau.
BONG
in the de.
late pro-
Rotbach,
17 NW of
3 N.
in the de-
‘ovince of
nehe, 24
hire, with
lous free-
Coventry,
“X12 W;
hire, with
he Trent,
16 NW of
2 57 N.
baltic, on
» oppofite
1s broad.
ture, and
The chief
zy lat. 54
Germany,
f place of
raftle. It
iles from
ox. Lon.
» with a
’ Sor corn
Ss ENE of
36N.
y, feated
uence of
des from
56 N.
ry which
»parating
hd ~Mon-
el to the
Hamp-
‘2 It is
facture of
rn mills.
bton, and
x 41 Wy
ad, near
»hn was
a and
SBURY.
es.
Nether-
of the
RUS
Senne and Demer, below Mechlin. After
receiving the canal from Bruffels, it joins
the Scheld, at Rupelmonde.
RUPELMONDE, a town of Autftrian
Flanders, feated on the Scheld, oppotite
the mouth of the Rupel, eight miles SW
of Antwerp, and 22 Ne of Ghent. Lon.
4 23, E, lat. 51 7 N.
Rupert, Fort, a fort in N Ameri-
ca, belonging to the Hudfon’s Bay Com-
pany, feated on the E fide of the 8 end of
Hudfon’s Bay. Lon. 80 0 w, lat. 51 3N.
Rupr, or Rapin, a town of Ger-
many, in the marquifate of Brandenburg,
capital of a duchy of the fame name, with
an ancient caftle. It is become a con-
fiderable place of trade, has 2 manufac-
ture of cloth, and is noted for brewers.
It is feated on a lake, 35 miles Nw of
Berlin. Lon. 13 68, lat. 53 3N.
RUREMONDE, a ftrong town of Auf-
trian Gueldevland, with a bifhop’s fee.
It fuffered greatly by fire in 1665, and
has been taken and retaken {feveral times ;
particularly in 1793, by the French, who
were obliged to evacuate it foon after, but
took it again the next year. It is feated
near the confluence of the Maefe and
Roer, 12 miles s of Venlo, and 7o NE of
Mechlin. Loft. 5 sok, lat. 51 8N.
Russia, a large empire, partly in Afia,
and partly in Europe; bounded on the N
by the Frozen Ocean; on the s by Great
‘Tartary, the Cafpian Sea, and Perfia; on
the & by the fea of Japan; and on the w
by Sweden, Poland, and the Black Sea.
There were three countries that had the
name of Rulfia; namely, Red Ruiffia,
which fee; White Ruffla, which com-
prehends Lithuania; and Black Ruifia,
which comprehends the governments of
Kaluga, Mofcow, Tula, Rezan, Volodi-
mir, and Yaroflaf; and hence his impe-
rial majefty takes the title of empevor of
all the Ruilias. This empire, exctutive
of the late-acquifitions from the Turks
and from Poland (fee Potann) forms a
{quare, whofe fides are 2000 miles each,
The feas of Ruffia ave, the Baltic, the
White Sea, the Frozen Ocean, the Black
Sea, and the Cafpian Sea. There are
alfo five large rivers; namely, the Dnie-
per, Volga, Don, Dwina, and Oby. A
country of fuch vai extent muft lie in
different climates, and the {oil and pro-
ducts muft be as different. The moit
fertile: part is near the frontiers of Po-
and; infomuch that the inhabitants are
able to fupply their neighbours with corn :
the N part is not only more cold, but
very marfhy, and overrun with foretts,
inhabited chiefly by wild beaits, Befide
> Py
RUS
domeftic animals, there are wild beeves,
raindeer, martens, white and black foxes,
weafels, ermines, and lables, whofe {kins
make the beit furs in the world. ‘Thofe
that hunt the.e creatures for their fkins,
ule no fire-arms, for fear of {poiling
them. They had very féw vines before
Peter the Great cauted them to be planted
in different places. In Ruffia, are large
quantities of cotton and filk (with which
they make all forts of feuffs) ikins, furs,
Ruffia-leather, talc, tallow, hemp, Ruf.
fia-cloth, honey, wex, and almoft all the
merchandife’ of China,’ India, Perfia,
Turkey, and tome European countries,
This vatt empire was divided by the late
emprefs into 41 governments; namely,
Peterfburgh, Olonetz, Wiburg, Revel,
Riga, Pikof, Novogorod, ‘Iver, Smo~
lentko, Polottk, Mohilef, Orel, Kaluga,
Mofcow, Tula, Rezan,. Volodimiv, Ya-
roflaf, Vologda, Archangel, Koittroma,
Niihnei-Novogorod, Katau, Simbirfk,
Penza, Tambof, Voronetz, Kurfk, No-
vogorod-Severikoi, Tchernigef, Kiof,
Kharkof, Catharinenflaf, Caucalus, Sa-
ratof, Ufa, Viatka, Perm, Tobolik, Ko-
lyvan, and Irkutzk; all which fee. The
inhabitants, in general, are rvbuft, well-
fhaped, and of pretty good complexion.
They are great eaters, and very tond of
-brandy. They we bathing, but finoke no
tobacco, left the fmoke fhould difhonour
the images of the faints, which they have
in great veneration; however, they take
a great deal of fnuff, made of the tobacce
brought from the Ukraine. They were
formerly the moit ignorant, brutith people
in the world, and many of them are now
little better, Formerly no Ruflians were
feen in other countries, and they feldom
or never fend ambatfadors to foreign
courts 3; but now the gentlemen are more
polite, and ftudy the interetts of different
nations. Their armies are always very
numerous. They had no men of war, nor
merchant fhips, before the reign of Peter
the Great; but, in the late reign,
powerful Ruffian {quadrons appeared,
not only in the Baltic, but in the Black
Seay and in the Mediterranean. They
have images in their churches; and the
priefts give a patiport to thole that are
dying, addreiled to St. Nicholas, who is
defired to entreat St. Peter to open the
gates of heaven, as they have certified
that the bearer is a good Chriftian. The
church is governed by a patriarch, under
whom are the archbilhops, and bifhops,
Every prieit is called a pope, or pope, and
of thefe there were 4000 in Moicow only.
Formerly he was thought a learned man
RUS
who could read and write; but Peter the
Great undertook to introduce the arts and
fciences; and, in i724, the firft univerfity
was founded that ever was in Ruilia; and
there is alio an academy of fciences at
Peterfourgh, fupplied with fome of the beft
profeflors in Europe. With refpect to
dreis, a long beard is in high eftimation
among the fair Ryenphs of Ruifia. The
commonality have itill a great veneration
for this tringe of human hair, notwith-
ftanding the efforts of their monarchs to
root it out; and it is only thofe depending
upon government, in the army and navy,
who have yet complied with the cuftom
and the wifh of the court. Thole who
retain their beards, retain hkewile the an-
cient dreis ; the long twaddling coat, either
of fRins, or of coarie cloth lined with ikins,
in winter; and in fuminer, of cloth only.
About their middle they have a fath of
aby colour; but what they moftly affect,
is green or yellow. They wear trowlers
imftead of breechcs and ftockings; their
limbs are, befides, wrapped in many folds
of woollen {tuffs to keep them warm, and
above all they wear boots. ‘Uhcir thirts
are fafhioned as women's; their necks
expofed to the cold, which are hard and im-
penetrable, trom this practice. Govern-
ment continue to exert every nerve to
compel the fubjects to adopt the German
dreis. The clergy alone excepted, none
can procure any place, any favour from
court, tipon other condition than banith-
ing the Afiatic fheep-tkin robes. The
worn-out veteran retires with a penfion,
upon the expre(s terms of never again
afiuming the habit of his fathers, But
fo jealoufly attached are the multitude to
former manners, and {o honorably do
they efteem them, that a Ruffian drefled
in his beard and gown, tells you by his
Jooks that he has not proftituted the
memory of his anceitors. The drefs of
the women is the reverfe of the men,
both in fathion and coleur; every part of
it being as fhort and tight as decency
will allow, and very gaudy. It is ex-
actly the fame with that of the High-
lend women in Scotland; both have the
fhort jacket, the Itviped petticoat, and the
tartan plaid; and both too, in general,
have a napkin rolled about their head.
The Ruihan women are, however, far
more elegant and rich in their attire;
nor is gold lace wanting to jet off their
charms, any more than the art of paint-
ing. The young generation are medern-
izing thefe antic veltments; the slit em-
broidered napkin is fupplanted by one of
Gowing filk; the jacket and petticoat are
RUT
of muflin, or other fine ftuffs; and the
plaid is exchanged for a filk or fatin cloak,
in the cold feafon, lined with fur. The
better clafs of females wear velvet boots.
The dreis of the higher ranks is after the
French and Englifh fathion ; and all mut
have a covering cf fur fix months of the
year. Thus equipped, the prince and the
peafant are hurled in their chaifes and
fledges, through the dreary Scythian win.
ter. The fovereign of Rutha is abfo-
lute. He was formerly called grand
duke, which is now the title of the heir
apparent; he afterward affumed the title
of czar, and, in the fequel, that of em-
peror.. The natives pronounce the word
czar, like tzar, or %aar, and this, by
carruption from Celar, emperor; trom
fome tancied relation te the Roman em.
perors; on account of which they alfo
bear the eagle as a fymbol of their empire.
The firt who bore the title of czar, was
Bafil, fon of Bafilides, who freed his
country fiom its fubjeCtion to the Tartars,
about the year 1470. Perhaps no coun.
try ever exhibited, in fo hhort a time, the
wonders that may be effeGed by the genius
and exertions of one man. Peter the Great
at his acceifion to the throne, found his
fubjects of all ranks involved in the
grofleft ignorance and barbarifm ; his nu-
merous armies ferocious and undiiei-
plined; and he had neither merchant
fhips nor men of war; which, added to
the remotene(s of her fituation, rendered,
the influence of Ruflia in the politics of
Europe of little confideration. — Peter
civilized his barbarous fubjects, dilci-
plined his armies, built cities and for.
trefles, and created a. navy. hele na-
tional improvements have been continued
fince his time, and Ruffla new holds a
rank among the nations of Europe, of
which human forefight, at the commence-
ment of the prefent century, could have
formed no conception, Peterburg is the
capital of the whale empire.
Russia, Rep, See Rep Russia.
RurcuHester, 2 village in Northum-
berland, the Vindobala of the Romans.
Severus’ wall runs on the middle of the £
ramput, and Adrian's vallum_ cafes
about the difttance of a chain to th. s of
it. This fort has been very conficecable,
and the ruins of it are remarkable. Its
fix miles N of Hexham.
RutuHIn, a town in Denbighthire,
with a market on Monday. [Jr is feared
in a vale, on the river Clwyd, and hada
trong cattle, nowm ruins. It is rg miles
sw ot Holywell, and 206 nw of London.
Lon, 3 30 W, Jat. 5g°77N.
Lae
mm 2 So yin sone
iso
iflaa
cha
and
mer
k
mal
isa
ver
two
fo ¢
{ma
hop
and
to.
SSE
Lo!
I
an
val)
{on
} ar
the
wh
whi
thy
ol
Lo
|
bet
- and the
tin cloak,
ur. The
vet boots.
s after the
d all mut
ths of the
ce and the
raifes and
hian win.
1 is abfo.
led grand
yf the heir
1 the title
at of em.
> the word
t this, by
ror; trony
oman ene
they alfo
eir empire.
CBZAY, was
freed his
ie Tartars,
$ No coun.
a nape the
r the yeniua
Y the Great
. found his
ed in the
n; his nu-
d undiied.
merchant
) added to
» rendered,
politics of
n. — Peter
ets, dilci.
$ and for.
Thele na-
continued
hw holds a
urope, of
omumence-
ould have
burg is the
SSIA.
Northum-
Romans.
e of the £
him = afles
Q the $ of
nific.evable,
ble. It is
bighthire,
t iS feared
and had a
$ 15 miles
f London.
RYS
RUTLANDSHIRE, the fmalleft county
of England, being only 15 miles long and
13 broads It is fuppoted to have re-
ceived its name from the red colour of
the foil, which, in fome parts, is a fort of
ruddle. It is bounded on the w and Nw
by Leicetterfhire, on the N and NE by
Lincolnfhire, and on the s and sg by
Northamptonfhire. It lies in the diocete
of Peterborough, contains 48 parifhes and
two market-towns, and fends two mem-
bers to parliament. The air is very
good, and the foil rich. The ee
rivers are the Welland and the Guath, or
Wath. Oakham is the county-town,
RUTIGLIANO, a town of Naples, in
Terra di Bari, five miles se of Bari.
RuTTUNPOUR, a city of the peninfula
of Hindoottan, in Oriffa, and the capital
of one of the Weftern Mahrattsa chiets.
Lon, 82 368, lat.22 16N.
Ruvo, a populous town of Naples, in
Terra di Bari, with a bifhop’s jee, 16
miles w of Bari, Lon. 16 448, lat. 41
26N.
Ryan, Loc, a lake in the Nw angle
of Wigtonfhire. The fea flows into it
through a narrow pa{s; and it was for-
mevly crowded, in the feafon, with thoals
of herrings.
RyDaLtwaTerR, a lake in Weftmor-
land, a little to the w of Amblefide. It
is one mile in length, {potted with litthe
iflands, and communicates, by a narrow
channel, with Gratinere-water to the w,
and, by the river Rothay, with,Winder-
mere water to the s.
Rye, a borough in Suffex, with a
market on’ Wednetday and Saturday. — It
is an appendage to the cinque ports, go-
verned by'a mayor and jurats, and fends
two members to parliament. Its port is
fo choaked up with fand, that it can admit
{mall veffels only. It exports corn, malt,
hops, and other produéts of the county ;
and its fifhermen fend confiderable fupplics
to the London markets. It is 28 miles
ssk of Maiditone, and 63 sz of London,
Lon.o 458, lat. g1 ON.
Rygoats, a borough in Surry, with
amarket on T'yelday, It is teated in a
valley called Holmeldule, and had a eattle,
fome ruins of whieh are fill to be feens
particularly a Jong vault, with a room at
the end, large enough to old §00 periuns,
where (according ty tradition) the barons,
who took ijp arins againit king John, beld
their private meetings, It is 16 miles £
ol Giuilford, and 21 sw of London,
Lon.o 16 Wy lit, 61 16-N,
Ryswick, 4 village in Holland, feated
between Jdague and Delft, where the
SAB
prinee of Orange has a palace. It {s ree
markable for a treaty concluded here in
1697, between England, Germany, Hol-
land, France, and Spain, ;
Rzeczica, a town of Lithuania, ca-
pital of a territory of the fame name.
It is feated at the confluence of the Wy-
edfzwck and Dnieper, 125 miles n of
Kiof. Lon. 31 5 £, lat. 50 42N.
S
AADAH, a ftrong and populous town
of Arabia Felix, where the Turkey
leather is made. It is 140 miles WNW
of Sanaa. Lon. 44 558, lat.17 son.
Sasa, 2 fertile ifland of the W Indies,
12 miles in circumterence, inhabited by a
few Dutch families trom the ifland of St.
Euitatia, almoft all fhoemakers. It lies
a little to the w of St. Chriftopher.
Lon. 63 17 w, lat.17 39N.
SABA, a town of Pertia, in Trac-Agemi,
on the road trom Sultaniato Kom. Lon.
§2 15 Ey lat. 44 56N.
SABIA, a kingdom on the £ coaft of
Africa, pouied on the N by Sofala, on
the E by the Mofambique, .on the s b
unknown regions, and on the w by Ma-
nica. It has mines of gold, and many
elephants.
Paik: a cape of Africa, in the king-
dom of Tripoli, at the bottom of the
gulf of Sidra.
SABINA, a province of Italy, in the
FEccleiiaitical State; bounded on the N by
Umbria, on the & by Naples, on the s by
Campagna di Roma, and on the w by the
patrimony of St. Peter. It is 22 miles in
length and aloft as much in breadth,
watered by feveral {imall rivers, and
abounding in oil and wine. Magliano is
the capital,
SABIONCELLO, a peninfula of Dalma-
tia, in the republic of Ragufa. It lies
to the s of the gulf of Narenta, and to
the N of a channel which ‘eparates the
illanids of Curzola and Melic!s.
SABIONEY TA, a ftrong town of Italy,
in the Milanefe, capital ot a duchy of me
fame name, witha cattle. It belongs to
the houfe of Aufria, and is 20 von g
of Cremona. Lon, 10 30 By lat.g5 oN.
SABLE, an ancient and populous town
of France, in the department of Sar e and
late province of Maine, with a cattle,
In the neighbourhood are fome quarries
of black marble. It is fated on the
Sarte, 25 miles NE of Angers, and 135
sw of Paris. Lon. o 24 W, lat. 4% gon.
SAH
Sanz, Cape, the moft foutherly voin:
of Nova Scotia, in N America, near
which is a fine cod-fithery. Lon. 65 39
wy, lat. 43 23.N.
SABLES D’OLONNE, a commercial
town of France, in the department of
Vendée and late province of Poitou, with
a port capable of containing veflels of 150
tons. It is feated on the bay of Bifcay,
31 miles w of Lugon. Lon. 1 36w, lat.
45 3ON.
SABLESTAN, a province of Perfia,
bounded on the N by Candahar, on the E
by Hindooftan, on the s by Makran, and
on the w by Segeftan. It is a mountdjn-
ous country, little known to Europeans.
Sacca.. See KACCA. if
Saccal, a ftrong city-and feaport; one
of the moft famous in Japan, with feveral
cattles, temples, and palaces. It is feated
on the fea, and has a mountain on one
fide, which ferves as a rampart. It is
300 miles sw of Jedo. Lon. 134 58,
lat.35 ON. rot
SaFra, a trading: town of Morocco,
with a-caftle. The Portuguele were long
in pofleffion of it, but they forfook it, in
1641. It is turrounded by feveral emi-
nences which command the town. Lon.
3 58 w, Jat. 32 28N.
SAGAN, a town ot Silefia, capital ofa
principality of the fame name, belonging
to prince Lobkowitz. It has dowble
walls, a caftle, and a priory: of the Au-
guitine order. By permiflion of the em-
peror, in 1709, a Lutheran. fchool was
founded here. It is feated on the Bober
and Queis, 62 miles NW of Breflaw. Lon.
35 22E, lat. 51 42N. ;
SAGHALIEN-OULA, a river of E Chi-
nefe ‘Tartary, which enters the fea of
Kamtf{chatka, oppofite the ifland of Sag-
halien-oula-hata,
SAGHALIEN-OULA-HATA, an ifland in
the fea of Kamtfchatka, in about 145° E
Jon. and from 50 to 54° N lat. It belongs
to the Ruffians.
SAGHALIEN-OULA-HOTUN, 4a city of .
E Chinefe Tartary, in the department of
Tcitcicar, on the s fide of the Saghalien-
oula. It is rich and populous, and very
important on account of its fituation, as
it fecures to the Mantchew Tartars the
poffeffion of extenfive deferts covered with
woods, in which a great number of fables
are found. Lon.127 258, lat. 50 oN.
Sacrez, a ftrong town of Portugal,
- in Algarva, with a harbour and a fort,
four miles w of Cape St. Vincent, and
x25 8 of Lifbon. Lon.g 4w, lat. 37
4N.
SAHAGUN, a town of Spain, in Leon,
SAL
with arich abbey. It is feated in a fer.
tile plain, on the river Sea, 17 miles
from ' lacentia. Lon. 5 23.Wy, lat. 42
33.N.
Sap, a town of Upper Egypt, feated
on the Nile, 150 miles s of Cairo. Lon.
31 20 Fy lat.27 32.
SaInTES, three of the Leeward Carib.
bee Iflatids in the W Indies, between Gua-
daloupe and Dominijea.
SAINTES, an ancient and large, but
not populous town ot France, in the de-
‘partinetit of Lower Charente and late
‘province of Saintonge, vith a bifhop’s
fees There are feveral monuments of
antiquity, of which the moft famous are
the amphitheatre, the aqueduéts, and the
triumplial aréh on the bridge over the
Charente. The caftle, builtvon a rock,
is deemed impresnable}’ and the cathe-
dral has one of the largeft fteeples in
France. . It is feated on an eminence, 37
miles s& of ‘Rochelle, and 262 ssw of
Paris. Lonvo 38.w, lat.45 54.N.
SAINTONGE, a late province of France,
62 miles lorig and’ 30’ broad; bounded on
ithe gE by. Angoutidis and Perigord, on
the n by Poitou and Aunis, on the wb
the Atlanti¢; and ott the’ s by: Bordelois
and Giron, The river Charente ruts
through'the middle of it, and ‘renders it
one of the firrelt and moft fertile provinces
in France, aboundirig in all forts of corn
and fruits; and the beft falt in Europe is
made here, It now forms, with the late
province: of Asnis, the department of
Lower Charenre.
SAL, one of the Cape de Verd Iflands,
42 miles in cireumfevence, lying to the s
of St. Nicholas: It has'its ‘name from
the great quantity of falt made here from
the tea weter, which overflows part of it,
trom time to time. It is 300 miles w of
the coaft of Africa. Lon.22 56 w, lat,
16 38N.
SALA, or SALBERG, a town of Swe-
den, in Weftmania; near which: is a very
large ancient filver mine. ‘This town
was firft built by king Guflavus Adol-
phts in 1624, and: deftroyed by fire in
1736. It is feated on a river, 30 miles
Ww of Upial, and 50 nw of Stockholm.
Lon.17 458, lat.§9 soN. ~
SALAMANCA, anancient and populous
city of Spain, in Leon, with a bithop’s
fee, and a famous univerfity, confifting
of 24 colleges. The “ruéture called the
Schools, where the fciences are taught, is
very large and curious. There were for-
merly 7000 ftudents, when the Spanith
monarchy was in a flourifhing condition;
and there are now upward of 4000, who
dina fer.
17° miles
Vy lat. q2
ypt, feated
iro. Lon.
ard Carib.
ween Gua-
large, but
in the de-
» and late
a bifhop’s
uments of
famous are
ts, and the
2 over the
‘on a rock,
the cathe-
{teeples in
inence, 37
62 ssw of
4 N.
of France,
ounded on
rigord, on
a the w by
Bordelois
rente runs
‘renders it
2 provinces
rts of corn
Europe is
th the late
Artment of
rd Tflands,
g to the g
ame from
here from
part of it,
miles w of
56 WwW, lat,
of Swe-
‘is a very
his town
us Adol-
y fire in
30 miles
ockholm,
populous
hithop’s
confifting
alled the
aught, is
were for-
Spanih
pndrtion ;
DOO, WhO
ef Orthez,
SAL
are all clothed like priefts, having their
heads fhaved, and caps thereon. Here
are magnificent churches, a large public
fquare, fine fountains, and every thing
that can contribute to the beauty and
commodiou/nefs of the city. The cathe-
dral is one of the handfomeft in Spain ;
and there are feveral fine convents, with
churches belonging to them, adorned with
images, and fome with curious pictures.
It is feated partly-in a plain, and partly
on hills, and is furrounded by a wall.
The river Tormes, which wafhes its
walls, has a bridge over it 300 paces
long, built by the Romans, Without
the walls is a fine Roman caufeway. It
is 37 miles se ot Mivandaj and $8 hw
of Madfid, Lon. 5 16 w, lat. 41 8N.
SALAMANCA, a; town of New Spain,
in the province: of Yucatan, , 140 miles
sot Campeachy{ . Lon. 89 58 wy, lat.17
55N. a: <f wif)
SALANA4KEM, 4 town of Sclavonia, re-
markable tor a battle gained by the prince
of Badeny. over the Turks, in 1691. It
is feated on the Danubes 20 miles NW of
Belgrade, and 25 se of Peterwaradin.
Lon..20 53£, lat. 45 14.N« ; Ki
SALBERG. Sege.GALasi o +
SALCEY, a foreft in the § part of Nor-
thamptontfhire.
SaLeM,. a feaport of the, ftate of Maffa-
chufets, capital of the. cotmty of Effex.
It is the oldeft town in the ttate,, except
Plymouth; and though its harbour is in-
ferior to that of Botton, it carries on a
large foreign trade. It is 15 miles Ne
of Bofton. Lon. 71 30 Ww, lat.42 16.
SALEM, a town of N Carolina, in the
county of Surry. It is the principal fet-
tlement of the Moravians in this {tate,
and 170 miles w of Edenton.
SALENCHE, 2 town of Savoy, in Up-
per Faucigny, teated on the Arve, near
a {mall lake, 12 miles s of Clute.
SALERNO, a feaport of Naples, capital
of Principato Citeriore, with an arch-
bifhop’s fee, a caltie, and a univeriity,
principally for medicine. It is ieated at
the bottom of a bay of the iame name,
27 miles se of Naples. Lon.14 538,
lat. 40 35.
SALERS, a town of France, in the de-
partment of the Cantal and late province
of Auvergne, feated among the moun-
tains, nine miles N of Aurillac. '
SaLres, a town of France, in the de-
partment of the Lower Pyrenees and late
province of Bearn, remarkable for its
iprings of falt water, from which the
white falt ig made, It is {even miles .w
$a ov ¢ ‘
-is from 35 to 40 miles in breadth.
SAL
SAL GNAC, 2 town of France, in the
department of Upper Vienne and late pro-
vince of Limofin, xo miles s by w of
Limoges. Lon.1 188, lat. 45 42N.
SALIGNAS, atownof Spain, in Biicay,
feated on the Deva, at the toot of a moun-
tain, eight miles N by of Vittoria, and 28
SsE of Bilboa. Lon.2 54 W, lat. 43 5N.
SaLIniI, one of the Lipari [ilands, in
the Mediterranean. It confilts of two high
mountains joined together at the baie,
and lies Nw of the ifland of Lipari.
SALINS, a confiderable town ef France,
in the department of Jura and late pro~
vince of Franche Comté, with a ftrong
fort. It is remarkable for its {alt-works,
the largeft of which is in the middle of the
town, and is like a litfle tortified place.
It is feated in a fertile valley, on a ftream
that has its fource in the town, 20 miles
s ot Benlancon, and 200 SE of Paris.
Lon.6 58, Jat. 46 56N.
SALISBURY, or Niw SARUM, a city
in Wiltthire, of which it is the capital,
witha market on ‘I ueiday and Saturday,
and a bilhop’s fee. It is. fituate in a
chalky foil, almoft furrounded by the
Avon and its contributory rivers, and is
vendéred particularly clean by a {mall
ftream flowing through every ftreet. It
has a fine cathedral, crowned by a {pire,
the loftieit in the kingdom. ‘The town-
hall is a handiome building, and ftands
.in_a {pacious market-place. Salifbury is
governed by a mayor, fends two members
to parliament, and has a manufacture of
flamiels and linfeys, and another of hard-
ware and cutlery. It is 21 miles NE of
Southampton, and 83 w by s of London,
Lon. 1 42 w, lat. 51 3.
SALISBURY CRaIG, a hill on the 5
fide of the city of Edinburgh. It is re-
markable for a-great precipice of {olid
rock, about one mile long, and, in fome
parts, roo feet high; which pafles with
jome regularity along its brow.
SALISBURY PLAIN, in Wilthhire, ex-
tends 25 miles £ to Winchetter, and 25
w to Shatiibury, and, in tome places,
There
are {o many cro{s roads on it, and fo few
houles to take direétions from, that
Thomas, ear: of Pembroke, planted a
tree at each milettone from Salifbury to
Shaitfbury, tor the traveller's guide.
That part of it about the city is a chalky
down; the other parts are noted for
feeding numerous flocks of fheep, fome
of which cortain trom 3000 to 5000 each,
In this plain, befide the iamous Stone-
henge, are traces of many Romifh and
Brith antiquities,
SAL
SALLE, an ancient town of the king-
dom of Fez, with a harbour and feveral
forts. Its harbour is one of the beit in
the country, and yet, on account of a bar
that lies acrefs it, ships of the {imalleft
draught are forced to unload, and take
out their guns, before they can get into
it. There are docks to build fhips, but
they are feldom ufed, for want of {kill
and materials. It is divided into the Old
and New Town, by the river Guero;
and has long been famous for its pirates,
which make prizes of all Chriftian thips
that come in their way, except there is a
tseaty to the contrary. It is 100 miles
w ot Fez, and 150s of Gibraltar. Lon,
6 31 w, lat.34 oN.
SALM, 2 town of France, in the de-
partment of Meurthe and late province
of Lorrain, with a caftle, feated at the
fource of the Sar, 20 miles w of Straf-
burg, and 55 se of Nanci. Lon.7 15
E, fat. 48 34N-
SALO, a town of Italy, in the Brefcia-
no; taken by the French in Augult 1796.
It is feated on the lake Digarpa, 17 miles
NE of Brefcia. Lon. 10 49 Ey lat. 45
38.N.
SALOBRENA, 2 feaport of Spain, in
Granada, with a caftle. It carries ona
great trade in fugar and fith, and is
feated on a rock, near the mouth of a
river of the fame name, 12 miles £ of
Almunecar, and 36 s of Granada. Lon.
3 30W, lat. 36 31N.
SALON, a town of France, in the de-
pe of the Mouths of the Rhone and
ate province of Provence, feated on the
canal of Craponne, 20 miles nw of Aix.
Lon. 5 5£, lat.43 38N.
SALONA, a feaport of Venetian Dal-
matia, feated on a bay of the gulf of
Venice. It was formerly a confiderable
place, and its ruins fhow that it was 10
miles in circumference. It is 18 miles
of Spalatro. Lon.17 298, lat.44 10N.
SALONE, a town of Livadia, with a
bifhop’s fee. The inhabitants are Chrif-
tians and Turks, pretty equal in number ;
and Jews are not tuffered to live here. It
is feated on a mountain, on the top of
which is a citadel, 20 miles NE of Le-
panto. Lon.231 8, lat. 38 soN.
SALONICHI, the a) ‘ent Theflalonica,
a feaport of Turkey ii Purope, capital
of Macedonia, with an archbifhop’s fee.
It is 10 miles in circumference, and a
place of great trade, carried on princi-
. pally by the Greek Chriftians and the
Jews, the former of which have 30
churches, and the latter ‘as many fyna-
gogues: the Turks alfo have a tew
4
SAL
mofques. It is furrounded by walls, and
detended on the Jand fide by a citadel, and
near the harbour by three forts. It was
taken from the Venetians, by the Turks,
in 1431. It is feated at the bottom of a
gulf of the fame name, partly on the top,
and partly on the fide of a hill, near the
river Vardar, 50 miles N of Larifia, and
240. Ww of Conftantinople. Lon. 23 8 £,
lat.40 41 Ne
SaLop. See SHROPSHIRE. :
SALSES, a ftrong cattle of France, in
the department of the Eaftern Pyrenees
and Jate province of Roufillon. It is
feated on a lake of the fame name, among
mountains, 10 miles N of Perpignan.
Lon. 3 of, lat. 42 53N.
SALSETTE, an ifland of the Deccan of
Hindooftan, lying off the coaft of Concan,
to the N of Bombay, from which it is
feparated by a channel half a mile over,
fordable at low water. It is about 15
miles fquare, and fertile in rice, truits,
and fugar-canes.. It has fubterraneous
temples cut out of the live rock, in the
manner of thofe of Elephanta. In 1773,
the Engl.fh conquered it from the Mah-
rattas; and it has proved a valuable ac.
quifition to Bombay, which formerly
depended on foreign {upplies for its fub-
fiftence.
SALSONNA, a town of Spain, in Ca-
talonia, feated on the Lobregat, 44 miles
NW of Barcelonae Lon. 388, lat. 41
56N.
SALTASH, a borough in Cornwall,
with a market on Saturday. It has fome
trade, efpecially in malt, is governed by
a mayor, and fends two members to
parliament. It is feated on the fide of
a tteep hill, fix miles Nw of Plymouth,
and 220 w by s of London. Lon. 4 17
W, lat. 50 25N.
SaLT Hit, a village in Berks, noted
for its fine fituation and elegant inns. It
is on the road to Bath, 22 miles w of
London.
SALTzA, a town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Magdeburg. It takes its
name from the falt-pits, and is 12 miles
8sk of Magdeburg. Lon.11 -54.8, lat.
§2 3N.
SALTZBURG, an archbifhopric of
Germany, in the circle of Bayaria, 70
miles long and 60 broad; bounded on the
N by Bavaria, on the & by Auiftria, on
the s by Carinthia and the Tirol, and on
the w by the Tirol and Bavaria. It is
A mountainous country, but pretty fer-
tiie, and contains mines of copper, filver,
and iron.
SALTZBURG, aN ancient and populous
ae
valls, and
adel, and
. It was
e Lurks,
ttom of a
n the top,
near the
rifia, and
N.23 8,
‘rance, in
Pyrenees
n. It is
ne, among
er'pignan.
Deccan of
f Concan,
hich it ia,
mile over,
, about 15
ce, truits,
terraneous
ck, in the
In 1773,
» the Mah-
sluable ac.
1 formerly
or its fub-
‘in, in Ca-
ty 44 miles
BE, lat. 41
Cornwall,
It has fome
pverned by
embers to
he fide of
Plymouth,
Lon. 4 17
rks, noted
inns. It
iles Ww of
axonyy in
takes its
5 12 miles
§48, lat.
opric of
yaria, 70
ed on the
uftria, on
bp], and on
ja. Ivis
retty fer-
ber, filver,
populous
SAL
ay of Germany, capital of an arch-
bifhopric of the fame name. It is well
built, and defended by a caitle on a
mountain. The archbifhop, who is a
fovereign prince, has two noble palaces;
one for fummer, and the other for winter ;
the latter contains 163 apartments, all
richly furnifhed, withaqut reckoning the
halls and galleries. The univerfity de-
pends on the Benediftine monks. The
cathedral js very fine, and contains five
organs. Near Saltzburg are (ome very
productive falt-works. It is feated on
both fides the river Saltz, 45 miles s by
w of Paflaw, and 155 w by 8 of Vienna.
Lon, 13 55, lat.47 37N.
SALVADOR, St. one of the Bahama
Iflands., See GUANAHAMI.
SaLvanor, Sv. the capital of the
kingdom of Congo, with a large palace,
where the king and a Portuguese bifhop
refide, It is feated on a craggy mountain,
240 miles E.by S of Loango. Lon. 15
39 £, lat.4 503.
SALVADOR, ST. a populous city of
Brafil, with an archbithop’s fee, and
feveral forts. It is the retidence of the
viceroy, contains feveral religious houtes,
and carries on a conliderable trade. The
houies are two or three ftories high, and
the walis thick and firong, being built of
ftone. The principal ttreets are large,
and there are many gardens, full of great
variety of fruit-trees, herbs, and flowers.
The chief commoditiés are fugar, to-
bacco, woad for diers, raw hides, tallow,
and trainoil. It is feated on an eminence,
on the bay of All-Saints, 120 miles sw
of Sergippy. Lon. 40 tow, lat.13 305.
SaLvaces, {mall uninhabited iflands,
lying between the Canary Iflands and
Madeira, 27 leagues N ef Point Nago in
Teneriff. Lon.15 54 Ww, lat. 30 ON.
SALVATERRA) a town of Portugal,
in Ettramadura, with a royal palace,
feated on the Tajo. Lon. 7 51 wy lat. 38
§gN.
en kt eek) a ftrong town of Por-
tugal, in Beira, It was taken by th
French in 1704, and by the allies in
1705. It is feated on the Elia, 12 miles
ne of Alcantara, Lon. 6 14W, lat. 39
3ON.
SALVATIERRA, a town of Spain, in
Galicia, feated on the Minho, 56 miles
s of Compoftella, Lon.3 16w, lat. 4%
48 N.
SALVATIERRA, & town of Spain, in
Bilcay, feated at the foot of Mount St.
drian, 30 mileg & by $ of Vittoria.
on.247W, dat. 42 s4N.
S8aLVUz20, a towa of Picdmont, a-
SAM
pital of a marquifate of the fame name,
with a bifhop’s tee, and a caiile. The
cathedral is inagnificent and rich, It is
feated on an eminence, at the foot of the
Alps, near the river Po, 22 miles 5 by
wot Turin, Lon.7 37£, lat. 44 44.
SAMANDRACHI. See SAMOTHRACIA.
SAMARAND, a populous town on the
ealtern part ot the ifland of Java,
SAMARCAND, anancient and populous
city of Afia, in the country of the Utbeck
Tartars, with a cattle and a univertity.
It was the feat of Tamerlane the Great.
It carries on a trade in excellent fruits,
and is feated near the Sogde, which runs
into the Amo, 138 milcs E by N of Bok-
hara. Lon. 69 o£, lat.39 5oN.
SAMAR, PHILIPPINA, or TANDAGO,
one of the Philippine Iflands, se of that
of Luconia, from which it is feparated
by a ttrait. It is 320 miles in circum.
ference, and is full of craggy mountaias,
among which are fertile vallies.
SAMATHAN, a town of France, in the
department of Eure and late province of
Comminges, with a ftrong caltle on a
mountain. It is feated in a valley, om
the river Save, five miles N of Lombez.
Lon.1 o£, lat.43 34.
SAMBALLAS, uninhabited iands. of
America, on the N coaft of the itthmus of
Darien.
SAMBRE, 4a river of the Netherlands,
which rifes in Picardy, and pafling by
Landrecy, Maubeuge, Phun, and Charle-
roy, falls into the Maefe, at Namur.
SaMOGITia, a province of Poland,
175 miles long and 125 broad; bounded
onthe n by Courland, onthe £ by Lithua-
nia, on the w by the Baltic, and on the
s by Wettern Pruflia. It is full of fo-
refts and high mountains, which feed a
great number of cattle, and produce
abundance of honey. Here are alfo very
active hories, in high efteem. The in-
habitants are clownifh, but honett; and
they will not allow a young woman to go
out in the night without a candle in her
hand, and two bells at her girdle. Ro-
fienne is the principal town.
Samos, an ifland of the Archipelago,
on the coaft of Natolia, and to the & of
the ifle of Nicaria, It is 32 miles
long and 22 broad, and extremely fer-
tile, It abounds with partridges, wood-
cocks, inipes, thrufhes, woodpigeons,
turtledaves, wheatears, and excellent
powtry. The inhabitants are clothed
in the Turkith manner, except a red coif,
and their hair hanging down their backs,
with plates of filver, or block tin, faftened
tg the ends. They have abundance of
SAN
melons, lentils, kidneybeans, mufcadine
grapes, and white figs, four times as big
as the common fort, but not {o well
tafted. Their filk is very fine, and the
honey and wax admirable. ‘They have
iron mines, and molt of the {oil is of a
rulty colour; they have alio emery fione,
and all the mountains are of whiie marble.
The inhabitants, about 12,000, are al-
molt all Greeks, and have a bifhop who
relides at Corea. Lon.27 138, lat. 37
46N.
SAMOVHRACIA, now called SAMAN-
DRACHI, a finall ifland of the Archipela-
0, between Stalimeni and the coait of
ea and to the Nn of the ifle of Im-
bro. It is 17 miles in circumference,
and pretty well cultivated. Lon.25 17
E, lat. 40 34.N.
SAMOYEDES, once a numerous and
powerful nation of Tartary. Thiey are
now ftrangely diiperied: fome of them
are found in {mall detached bodies among
the :nountains to the w of Lake Baikal;
others are iuppoied to be within the
Chinefe trontiers; others are {cattered
among the delerts, which extend along
the Frozen Ocean; and fome nearly as tar
to the w as Archangel. ‘They have no
longer the ule'of hories, becauie the cli-
mate of their prefent country renders their
fubiiftence impoflible; but they till pre-
ferve the manners, of a pattoral people,
and retain the ule of moveable habita-
tions, with which they v ander from place
to place. They neither have, nor appear
ever to have had, any kind of regular
government. ‘Their traditional tongs
mention only certain heroes, who, in
better times, led their anceftors to battle.
Theie tongs form their principal amuig-
ments; but the exploits they celebrate
are never likely to be renewed. Their
nerves are fo irritable, that a {udden and
unexpected noiie will irequenily threw
them into convullions. ‘ihey havea large
head, a flat face, high check bones, fimail
eyes, a wide mouth,’ a yellow complex-
.
ion, ftraight black hair, and little or no ,
beard.
Samso, or SAMSOI, an ifland of Den-
mark, on the E coaitof N Jutland. . It
is cight miles long and three broad, and
very fertile. Lon. 10 33£, lat, 562N.
SAMSON, St. a town of France, in the
department of Eure, and late province of
Normandy, {edited on the river Rille, tive
miles from Pontaudemer,
SANAA, a large and populous town,
capital of Arabia Felix, and in Yemen
Proper. It is ieated among the: moun-
tains, and fine orchards, 240 miles NNE
SAN
of Mocha, and 450 se of Mecta.
46 358, lat.17 28N.
SANBACH, a town in Chefhire, witha
market on ‘T'hurfday. In the market.
place are two {quare ftone crofles, adorned
with images. It is feated on the We.
lock, 26 miles — of Chefter, and 16;
NNW of London. Lon.2 28w, lat. 53
8N.
SANCERRE, a town of France, in the
department of Cher and late province of
Berry. ‘The wines produced in its en-
virons are f{carcely inferior to thole of
Burgundy. It is feated on a mountain,
near the river Loire, 22 miles. Nw Ne-
vers, and 110 N of Paris. Lon. 59,
lat. 4.7 18N. -
SANCIAN, an ifland of China, on the
coaft of Quan-tong, 40 miles in circuma
ference, and famous tor being the bury.
ing-place of St. Francis Xavier, whole
tomb is to be iven on a {mall hill.
SANCOINS, a town of France, in the
department of Cher and late province of
Berry, feated on the Argent, 15 miles
sw of Nevers.
SANDA, an ifland of Scotland, one of
the Orknies, lying Ne of that called
Mainland. eh
SANDECz, a ftrong town of Little Po-
land, in the palatinate of Cracow. There
are mines of gold and copper in its terri-
tory, and it is ieated at the foot of Mount
Krapack, 32 miles sz of Cracow. Lon.
20 324, lat. 49 43 .N.
SANDERSTED, a village in Surry, to
Lon.
the s of Croydon, noted for its elevation,
which affords a delightful profpect over
the adjacent country.
SANDGATE CasTLE, acaftle in Kent,
sw of Folkftone. It was built on the
Englifh Channel, by Henry Vit; and
here queen Elitabeth lodged one night,
when ihe came to vifit this coaft in 1588.
SANDO, an ifland of Japan, on the N
coaft of Niphon, with a town of the fame
name. It is 87 miles in circumference.
Lon. 139 30 £, lat. 38 35N.
SANDOMIR, a ftrong town of Little
Poland, capital ofa palatinate of the
fame name, with a caftle, feated on a hill,
on the Viftula, 75 miles E of Cracow,
and 112 s of Warfaw. Lon, 22 of,
lat. §0 21 N.
SANDOWN CASTLE, a caftle of Kent,
a little nN of Deal. It .was built by
Henry vim, for the fecyrity of the coait.
SANDUGAL, a town of -Portugal, in
Beira, feated on the Coa, 12 miles ssE
of Guarda. =| «.., =: .
SANDULIET,.°-2a town of - Auftrian
Brabant, on. the river Scheld; 22 miles
>
a
fs
<a
tratic
confi
18 LY
160 |
tives
Tah
ow, |
all ii
clinag
Indie
no ti
rende
fo dr
the S
duéti
theo
taro
The |
abun
heite,
a. Lon.
2, witha
market-
y adorned
the We.
and 16;
Vy lat. 53
e, in the
vince of
n its en-
thole of
nountain,
wo’ Ne-
New SOE,
a, on the
) circuma
the bury-
r, whole
I.
ce, in the
ovince of
15 miles
d, one of
lat called
Little Po-
ve There
its terri-
of Mount
- Lon.
Surry, to
elevation,
pect over
in Kent,
It on the
1113 and
ne night,
in 1588.
on the N
the fame
ference.
bf Little
e of the
n a hill,
Cracow,
22 OF;
of Kent,
built by
he coatt.
ugal, in
hiles SSE
A uftrian
a miles
S
8)
y
SAN
nw of Antwerp.
22N.
SANDWICH, atown in Kent, with a
market on Wednefday and Saturday. It
is one of the cinque-ports, governed by
a mayor and jurats, and fends two mem-
bers to parliament. It has three churches,
and about 1500 houles, motft of them old
and built with wood, others with brick
and flints. It is walled round ;. but the
walls are much decayed, though four of
the gates are ftill ttanding. This was
once a town of confiderable trade, but it
is much decayed, on account of the river
Stour, on which it is feated, being fo
choked up with fand, as to admit only
{mall veffels, Itis 13 miles E of Canter-
bury, and 67 E by s of London. Lon.
1258, lat. 51 19 N.
SANDWICH, CaPR, acape in the ifland
of Malicollo, inthe Pacific Ocean. Lon.
167 59, lat.16 28s.
SANDWICH Bay, a bay of the ifland
of S Georgia, in the Southern Ocean,
Lon. 36 12 wy lat. 54 4258.
SANDWICH HaReourR, a port in the
ifland of Malicollo, in the Pacific Ocean,
Lon. 167 §38, lat. 16 255.
SANDWICH IsLAND, a fine large ifland
in the Pacific Ocean, diteovered by captain
Carteret in- 1767. It is feparated trom
New Ireland by St. George’s Strait, and
from New Hanover by Byron's Strait.
Lon. 149 17E, lat.2 535.
SANDWICH ISLAND, one-of the New
Hebrides, in the Pacific Ocean. Lon.
168 338, lat.17 41 S.
SANDWicH ISLANDS, a group of
iflands in the N Pacific Ocean, difcovered
by captain Cook in his lait voyage. He
fo named them in honour of the earl of
Sandwich, under whole marine adminif{-
tration thefe dilcoyeries were made. They
confit of eleven. iflands, extending from
18 54.to 22.15 Nlat. and from 150 54 to
160 24 Wlon. They are called by the na-
tives, Owhyhee, Mowee, Ranai, Morotoi,
Tahoorowa, Woahoo, Atooi, Neeheehe-
ow, Oneehoua, Morotinne, and T'akoora,
all inhabited, except the lafttwo. The
climate differs little from that of the W
Indies in the fame latitude; but there are
no traces of thofe yiolent winds, which
render che ftormy,months in the W Indies
fo dreadful. There is alfo more rain at
the Sandwich Iles. The vegetable pro-
duétions are nearly the fame as thole of
the other iflands in this ocean; but. the
taro root is here of @ fuperior quality.
The bread-truit trees thrive not in fuch
abundance as in the rich plains of Ota-
heite, but produce double the quantity of
Lon.1 128, lat. 51
SAN
fruit. The fugar-canes are of-a .
unufual fize, fome. of them meafuring
eleven inches and a quarter in circumfer .
ence, and having fourteen feet eatable.
There is alfo a root of a brown colour,
fhaped like a yam, and from fix to ten
pounds in weight, the juice of which is
very fweet, of a pleafant tafte, and is an
excellent fubftitute for fugar. The quad.
rupeds are confined to hogs, dogs, and
vats. The fowls are of the common
fort; the birds beautiful and numerous,
though “not various. Goats, pigs, and
European feeds, were left by captain
Cook ; but the poffeifion of the goats foon
gave rife to a conteft between two diftriats,
in which the breed was deftroyed, The
inhabitants are undoubtedly of the fame
race that poffefles the iflands s of the
equator; and in their perfons, language,
and manners, approach nearer to the
New Zealanders, than to their lefs diftant
neighbours, either of the Society or
Friendly Iflands. They are, in general,
above the middle fize, and well made 5
they walk gracefully, run nimbly, and
are capable of bearing great fatigue.
Many of both fexes have fine open couns
tenances; and the women, in particular,
have good eyes and teeth, with an ens
gaging {weetnefs and fenfibility of look.
There is one eculiarity, charagteriftic-of
every part off this nation, that even in
the handfomeft faces there is a fulnefs.of
the noftril, without any flatnefs or f{pread-
ing of the nofe. The men fuffer their
beards to grow, and wear their hair after
various fafhions. The dre(s of both'men
and women nearly refembles thofe of New
Zealand, and both fexes wear necklaces
of fall variegated: thells. Tattowin
the body is prattifed by every colony g
this nation. The hands and arms of the
women are alfo very neatly marked, and
they have the fingular cuftom of tattowin
the tip of the tongue, Like the. New
Zealanders, they live together in villages,
containing from 100.ta 200 houfes, built
cloiely together, without any order, and
having a winding path between them.
They are generally flanked, toward the
fea, with detached walls, which are meant
both for fhelter and defence. Thefe walls
confift of loofe ftones, and the inhabitants
are very dexterous in fhifting them fuds
denly to fuch places as the direstion of the
attack may require. Inthe fides of the
hills, they have little caves, the entrance
to which is fecured,.by a fence of the fame
kind: thefe are, places of retreat in cafes
of extremity, and- may be defended by a
Angle perfon again. feveral. affailante,
—~ es Q
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Same of their houfes are large and com-
tModiods; from 40 to 50 feet long, and
fgom 20 to 30 broad; others are mere
hovels, The food of the lower . clafs
confifts principally of fith and vegetables,
to which thé people of higher rank add
the fiefh of dogs and hogs. “The making
of canoés, mats, éc. forms the occupations
of ‘the ‘men; the women ate employed in
manufauring cloth ; ‘and the fervants are
principally ens ed in the plantations and
thing.’ They have various amufements,
fuch as.dancing; boxing, wreftling, &c.
Their agriculture and navigation bear a
reat retemblanee to thofe of the fouthern
iflands:; Their plantations, which are
read over the whole feacoatt, confift of
taro, or eddy-root, and’ fweet pota-
toes, with plants of the cloth-tree fet in
rows.” They make falt in great abun-
dance, and of a good quality. The bot-
tome of their canoes are of a a iece
of wood, hollowed’ out to the thickne{s
of ‘an inch, and brought to a point at
eachend. The fides confift of three boards,
each about an inch thick, neatly fitted and
lafhed to the bottom part. Some of their
double canoes meafure 70 feet in length,
three and 2 half in depth, and 12 in
breadth.. Their inftruments of war are
f{pears, daggers, clubs, and flings; and
Or defenfive armour they wear ftrong
mats, which afe not eafily penetrated by
fuch weapons as theirs. As the iflands
are not united under one fovercign, wars
are frequent among them. ‘The fame
fyftem of fubordination prevails here as
at the other iflands ; the abfolute autho-
ni the part of the chiefs, and un-
‘ing fubmiffion on the part of the
people. ‘The government is monarchical
and hereditary. At Owhyhee ‘is a regu-
lar fociety of priefts living by themfelves,
and diftinét in all refpe&ts, from the reft of
the people. Human facrifices are here
frequent ; not only at the commencement
of a war, or fignal enterprife, but ‘the
death of every confiderable chief calls for
a repetition of thefe horrid rites. Not-
withitanding the death of captain Cook,
who was here murdered through fudden
refentment and violence, they are acknow-
ledged to be of the moft mild and affec-
tionate difpofition. They live in the ut-
moft harmony and: friendfhip with ‘each
_ other; ‘and in hofpitality to trangers they
are not exceeded even by the inhabitants
of the Friendly Iflande: Their natural
capacity, feems, in nore: » below the
¢ommon ftandard ‘of ‘mankind; and their
He rithm ech agficulture,s ard'the ot
KStion of theie manyfactures; are certainly
9 tig
SAN
adequate to the cireumftance of their fitus-
tion, and the natural advantages which
they enjoy.
SANDWICH LAND, 2 barren and defo.
jate country in the Southern Ocean, neo;
the ifland of S Georgia. The mountains
are of a vaft height, their fummits con.
ftantly wrap in clouds, and their
bafes covered’ with {now to the water's
edge. Itis doubtful whether the different
projeéting points form one connected land,
or feveral dittin&t iflands. Southern
Thule, the moft southern extremity of’ it
that was feen, ‘lies in 27 45 Won, and 59
34,8 lat. This is the greateft s latitude
ever yet explored, on which account this
part re¢eived its appellation.
' SANGUESA, a town of Spain, in Na-
varre, {cated on the Arragon, 20 miles
SE of Pampeluna. © Lon. 1 17 wy lat. 42
N.
SanPoo. See BURRAMPOOTER.
SANORE-BaNCABOUR, a town of
Hindeoilan, in the kingdom of Myfore,
117 miles £ by N of Goa. Lon. 75 44£,
Jat. 15 39 N. ;
‘ SANQUHAR, a borough in the diftri&
of Nithidale, in Dumfrieshhire. It has a
ruined caitle, and is remarkable for its
coal trade and a manufacture of worfted
mittens and ftockings. It is feated on
the Nith, 24 miles n of Dumfries. Lon.
3 56.w, lat. §5 30N.
SANTA CLARA, an ifland of Peru, in
the bay of Guyaquil, go miles w of Gu-
yaquil. Lon. 82 36 w, lat..2 18s."
SANTA Cruz, a feaport on the E fide
of Teneriff, on a fine bay of the fame
name, defended by many imall batteries,
and a ftrong fort. The town is irregu-
larly built; the principal ftreet is broad,
and has more the appearance of 2 {quare
than a ftreets at the upper end, is the
governor's houfe, and at the lower a {quare
fuonument, commemorating the appear-
‘anee of Nueftfa Senora (Our Lady) to
the Guanchés, the original inhabitants
of the ifland. The outikirts of the town
have more the appearance of ‘a place de-
ferted, than a place of trade; tor many
of the boufes are either left half-built, or
have fallen to decay, Lon.16 16 w, lat.
a8 27N. . ‘ aie
‘Santa Cruz, a fea 0 coa
of Morccco, with Ao int The Moors
took it from the Portuguefe in 1536. It
is feated’at the extremity of Mount At-
Jas, Mn Cape Aguer. Lon, 10 7 w, lat.
30 38m. ; seen
‘ SaNTA Cruz, an iffand in the Pacific
Ocean, ‘one of the moft confidefable of
thoje’ of Solomon,* being 250 miles in
r fitus-
which
i defo.
My Nery
Int ains
$ con-
their
water's
ifferent
id land,
buthern
ty of” it
and 59
atitude
int this
1e fame
atteries,
irecu-
s broad,
2 {quare
» is the
a {quare
appear-
aly) te
abitante
he town
lace de-
or many.
wilt, or
sw, lat.
he coaft
- Moors
36. It
unt At-
W, lat.
: Pacific
fable of
niles in
SAIN
eltémnfetence. “Lon, 130, OW, lat: 16
215. '
SANTA Cruz, a fea on the w fide
of the ifland of Cuba,’ 60 miles & of Ha-
vannah. “Lon. $t 16 w, lat. 23 10 Ns
"SANTA CRUZ-DE-LA -SIERRA; a town
of Peru, capital of a government of that
‘Mame, in the audience ef Los-Chartos,
with a bifhap’s‘Yee. It is ‘feated at the
fot of a mountain, in a country abound-
ing in good fruits, on the river Guapy,
goo miles £ of Plata. Lon. 59°55 w,
lat. 19 465. .
‘SanTA Fx, the capital of New Mexico,
fedted. among’ mountains, near the Rio-
del-Notte, 950 miles N of Mexico. Lon.
166.36'W, iit. 3$ 32N.
SanTa-Fe'-p£ Bocora, the capital
of the new kingdom of Granada, in S fyin
America, with an archbiffiop’s ‘fee and a
univerfity. It is the feat of a new vice-
royalty eftablifhed in the prefent century,
the jurifdiftion of “which includes the
whole of ‘Terra Firma, and the audience
of Quito in Peru.:* It is’ featéed on the
river Madalena, in ‘a country abounding
in com and fruit, with mities of ‘filver in
the mountains, 360 miles s of Cartha-
gena. Lon. 73°§ Ww; lat. 3 58 Ni
SANTAREN, @ ‘town of Porttigal, in
Eftramadira, feated on a mountain, near
the river’ Tajo; ina country fertile in
wheat, wine, and oil, It was taken from
the Moors in 1447,;and is s5 miles ng
of Lifbon.: Lon. 2 25 w, lat. 39'2 N.
SANTEN, ‘a town of Weftphalia, in
the duchy of Cleves.- It has 2 handfome
chien baleiae the papifts, wherein
is an image of Virgin, which, Sf
retend, forms a great many miracies.
it is fined om Oe Rhine ds sailed SE of
leves; Lon.’6 258, lat. 51 SON.
‘SANTILLANA, a ‘feaport of Spain, ca-
pital of Afturias dé Santillana, ‘feated on
the bay of tres ig “0 miles & of Oviedo,
and 200 NW of Madrid. Lon.4. 32.w,
lat.43 34.N2 0 os
SANTORINS; ‘an ifland’ of the Archi-
pelago, to the N of Candia, and to the $
of Nio. Itigeight miles in hy and.
nearly ag mitich in breadth; near it
are three or four other fmall iflands, each
of which bears i a of a
nie origin. | Feproduces plenty of bar:
conta ‘ind At 2 dh v nicky and he
cotton thanufacteres,’ its trade contifts.
Fruit is Yearcey* figs, and it ‘has
neither oil nor wood. The inhabitants
are all Gieeks, “about 10;000 in number,
- | hom mat A Ruth they
choofe their Gwit Tiagiftrates. - Pyrgos is
the can (en. a6 wt, lat. 36:20 my
S-A R
SaoNE, Urrer, a department of
France, including part of the late province
of the fle of France. It is named from
a river, which rifes in Mont Vofges, and
falls into the Rhone at Lyons. ‘The ca-"
pital is Vefoul.
Saone anv Loimg, a department of
France, includifig part of the late provitice
of Burgundy. Maton is the capital." .’
Sartenza, @ fmall iffand apd cape,
near the 8 coaft of the Mofed. The pi-
rates of Barbary conceal themfelves Al
hind it, to furprife veflels which come
from the gulf of Venice, ‘or the coatt of
Sicily. N. 21 358, lat. 36 sox.
‘ SARACENS, a people celebrated fome
centuries ago, who came from the delerte.
of Arabia: Sarra in their language figni-
ing adefért. They were the fist dif-
ciples of Mahomet, and, within 40 years
afterhis death, conquered a great part 8 |
Afia, Africa, and Europe. “ They kept’
pofleffion ‘of Spain till 1 g11, when they
were expelled. “They maintained a war.
in'the Holy Land, a long time, again’
the ‘Weftern Chriftians, and at length
drove them out of it. “There are now no,
people known by this name, for the
defcendants of thofe who conquered Spain ,
are called Moors. :
SaRaGOSsA, a city of Spain, in Arra-
gon, with an archbifhop's (ee, a univerfity,
and a cotrt of inquifition. It is faid to
have heen built by the Phoenicians; and
the Romans fent 4 colony here in the reign
of ugaitas, whence it had the name of
Cefar Augutus, which by corruption has
been chan into Saragoffa. It is
adorned with many magnificent buildings,
and there are 17 large churches, and 14
handfome monattesies, not to mention
others lefs confiderable. The Ebro russ
through the place, dividing it into two ;
and on its banks is a handiome quay,
which ferves for a public walk. The.
Holy-ftreet is the largeit, and fo broad, |
it may be taken for a fquare ; and here
they had their bull-fights. The cathedral
is a {pacious Gothic building ; but the
fitieft church is that of Nueftra Sehora ded
Pilar, and oa of the greateft devotion
-' They
in Spain tell us, that ‘the Virgin,
yet living, ‘appeared to St. James, who »
was preaching the gofpel, and lett him
her image,’ with a hand
jafper :' it 18 fhown in thig chure
they pretend is the firft in‘the world buile ,
to her honour. -This image ftands on a °
marble’ pillar, ‘with'a little Jefus in her |
arms, ‘illuminated by so lamps: The
ornaments of this image are ‘the righeit ”
that cam be: —, ‘for fearce ‘any’
a
be
<
|
e
|
i
>
7
fome pillas Of
S.A .R
py is to he feen but, gold and jewels ;
and a vaft number of people come in pil-.
ige hither. ownhoule is. a
tious frufiure;" in ‘the hall are, the.
wa of all the kings of Anrtaot
if the corner of it St. Geor orfe-
back, with a dragon. o ‘fice sarale
a is leated i in a large
under him. | Saragolla
plaiti, where’ the Etro receives two pn
rivers ; and over it are two ac one
us
of ftone and the other of wood,
a
e. A victory we at abana. hee si
French an aniards i, 17105.
But te was abandoned 4") the aljies foon.
after. ' Tt is 197, iles w, o E Barcelona,
ahd’ ’s 50 Mh ota Lon, 9 28 Wa,
lat. zt 53N.
ATOF, a gove
S, A, R:
the coaft ig a fithery fer anchovies and
coral, of which large Uy memati are fent
to Genoa and Leghorn. Beevesand fheep
are uy ha as. well.as hortes, , wich
are good, f or labour and the road. bey
in the little iflands about, it, ci
poor in, game; and in that of, Afnaria
are a gregt number of turtles. The air
ig very, unhealthy, from the marthy land.
Here a oe. of al beg le lead,,
tip,
ali This | dand 8 pos aoe eid
. révolutions: in 1708 it was oe Nfs the
Englith for the emperor
in.1720 ceded to, ed
an equivalent for
then erected into 9. a
¢! a
hat It =
but, his,
18 yo at, Tu-
4 dij n,, ai
ent of Ruliia, rin as ia sort f fara Seats 8 terre,
foithe iy a ‘provin ce of Aitracan. It, is, Pha e has. a Axi at Caghiasi,. the
divided into 12 railtaies, of which that of . capital. of, this.i
te fa e name is the princ
Santor, a oni of Ruta " capital
of ‘the government of f that same, feated
of the fide of a mountain, near ‘the river
Volga 240 miles s of Kafan, and. 300
uf Al acan. Len. 49 258, lat, 52:
4, a
“SARATOGA % ft of N America, in),
the ‘ftate of York; Me: emorable. for .
the forreadey of. an army of Britith and
Heffians 't to the Americans, in 3777. It
i¢ fehtéd on tle & fide of Hudjon's River,
5? miles of Albany.
“SARBOURG, & town of, Germany, in
ut eléétorate of ‘Treves, feated on, the
Sire, sake miles $ of Treves.. Lon. 6
40.8,’ lat.45 37.N.
SARBOURG, & town of France, in the.
dlepanuent of Meurthe and late province
of Lorrain, feated | on the Sare, at, ate.
foot of a mountain, 15 miles 8 of Mart
and 50 sz of Metz. Lon, 7,9 By: lat..48
46N. -
‘SARBRUCK, a town of France, in the,
departmeitt of Mofelle and late. province.
of Lorrain, feated on the Sare, 14 miles
BSE of Sarlduis, and-40 B by N of Metz,
Lon.7 28, lat.49 148.
SARDAM, a {eaport of N! Holland, where.
there ‘are weighed reel “of, timber for’
an 8) witha,
‘Humber of inoeri ghia, and heey is,
! t in ‘wi ie, ee Great
Pei wh e he yer éd as wee
in tbh, Wi yak
" Ne.
an et te
a hil fen fel ici, cert
is 4 45, By lat. §
ARDINIAy §
ranean, 142: mi es
from 'z tow. Th
H ‘clea
'f
see
SARDO,.a, fot! ‘us
Natolia, It was, age ip li in
and. was the capital, of. Lydia, under the
famous, king Creefus. It was alten
ward. ong: of the feven ¢ churehen: of, Afia,
celebrated in the book of Revelation, but
was Aetvoyed by. an earthquake, in, the
rei syrtched pa $ ony
a, Uts,~ WG Ely:
a large carayanfary, whe there.are. hand-
fame a deines for, travellers,, it: lying. in.
the, from Smyrna
oa have a moka lemet & y a.
rian .c urch. The
new all. hepherds, who wi ets
flocks in, ah igen A Aa -
a, few, C
co ca in garden ‘but ve
neither. church nor, pried Tg Ik. is. 79, mile
E of Smyrna, J.on,.48 398+ late 38.44N-
SARBy, ariver which rifes za Salm, in
France, ; runs, N,into and ; falls
into the. Mofelle,. a little e Treves.
, SARGANS, a town of land, ca;
pital .of a sSomunty, of; the, fame, name, in
the canton of Zuric, with a ¢ oe
sag Tends onthe ap of ils
near it are mineral, {prings
Brett & large, sd ancient port
Africa, in, Lremefen, 18, fated
on, the feacoaft, 2.5 miles ssw of Alg Algiers,
, i 15 By lat, 36.30.Ny of te
ae | a, Motiln ein
RGUE
the depar
Qi LOrrans,
= ieee aes tn
“Bane, alittle ifland. tech Crest.
» lying Guernfey and: Jere
ty on "the coatt. of.
Sabb,. 0 river, of Scotland, athich ile
but ié a poor plice, '
“BAR
Th ‘the p part ‘of Durnfriesthire,” ‘tat ffor ’
mi ae Cy or the mes ‘with
England,
ARLAT; ‘a dow ‘of Franté, g de-
partment of Dordogne and’ lite’ province
of Perigord. It was lately a biffop’s fee,
ed in ‘a Bottom,
furrourided by midiintains, ‘27~milés se
ef Perigueux, oon 87 B by N 3 Bour-
deaux. Lon on.x 198, pe
SarLouis, a ftiong Yown of. France,
in the OF eat or F Mofelle and late
province of Lorrait, feated on mien
mus of a peninfula tsa i river
Sare, 46 miles, & of Th ile, and 32
NE of Metz. Lon. 648 £, gl 49 21N.
SARNO, a river of the Kingdom of
nee » which rifes near Sarno, and fails
int bay’ of we Wa
SARNO, a town of Naples, ‘in’ on
“pato Ci teriore, ‘with ‘a’ bithop’s' ‘fee.
is feated on, the Sarno, near its ‘ince,
12° miles Ne of ‘Salerno, and ‘20’ ‘sk pf
Naples... fe 1h 49 Es lat.g6 40H.
AROS, ed Age in Upper ‘Huii-
gary,’ WE oo county
on the Tarisa
lodia,,, feated on |
alaBatter, rentt th
‘glazed ‘With i ce bie, Fat! 4 ra in
may ih a atowh of Teily; tn R
th a bifhop's fe, “adhd sw
SARREAL, 2 Arik of Spain; ae Bi
are’ a f
ini; ahd'338 NW of Rothe: Legh
i; 14°E; lat. 43 SQN. on
14 a departitient of FYihee, ib.
cluding the late province ot. match
takes it’ name from’a rivel” ‘Which | oi i
the Maine rae Mid ae above’ one
vt
but nothing is to be feen the ruins
of a fteep hill, and was rahe Ty foitified’;
and tracts of the walls. | e
7 SAA FAR BEA: a towii of Fratice; itt the
“departrhent of rofele and late provifi¢e
of Lorrain, feated on the parts, PF imilés
s of Sarbruck. Lon.7 78, lat. #8 é3N.
' SARWaAR, a town of Lower Hungary,
ital “ d. my of the fare name,
felted 8 go miles w by N of th
Buda. ‘a x6 Nea #, 1at:'47 40N.
SARZAN trong town of Italy,
thé terri sty Guns with a b op :
the fame Sine! fedted *¥
at the fodt ‘oF ‘Mi Dae } :
‘Krapich, five milts WNW of Bperity ¥
t ‘the Seccid,
the ate nf ae Meibbes
pak iament. It once peda the - fumi nit
@ little to |
n of Salisbury. , Lon. 14a W) lat. $x
ba ¥
fee. Ye Was givelt to the ‘Gihicet,’ by
the great es aA Tufcany, in eu of
Leghorn fated at the mouth of
x thas in ae ak of 3choa. "on,
E
baths tiie’ a wes OF Hihdbitan Pb.
per, i Betty ted ‘at the fbor’ of” a
untain, ‘fi cat 2 great lake, ‘in the mia-
: of: ae is ani i wit b Ai mi-
t fooulleu ‘of the
shat, bh ‘dd a fine’ tid cane
iN
it but” baniute greatly de
40 ‘miles froin: Beniates.. . 46 448,
lat.26 16 N.’
Sassari, & dty of aeons psp ta
the tery of Lugari,’ With i’
an in eT 3p’s fist Tr’ aa edo
inh wee Pai is’ famous for 4’
called fer whi Wy fal 8 oe ike
eat oe the bef 4t Rome.’ It
ated'iit 4 si ‘ix miles noF Alghat,
font 33 E, 46N,
SASSERES, "tliany tan Tranfyl
Vania, ‘¢ abtat bf FY Paes fime
bt viet ed-'at the’ conf
. whieh lito the N Aavoch.” ‘Loh
dre ‘Ft was'b
e pat me telat arp oF
with’ Ghe » abit dish ce ‘orn
‘as°a bulW by the to” aah < Thay
uae ee ried Bake it sae
de i408, fat.
atsuteg; “a
mai es ee
Lon: rt tt
SATALIA, & ft rt of Natolid,
‘on the cuit i ce inant ~~ Itis a
into, three t wns
arid “Has’
ith sake ini jal | Fane Se ‘
fs very”
ae
fine: fae he Ww. a Go Cc
‘and 26 bs yee Conf ple. . Lon,
at Sev Guads ot shBicb nb i
cond} nN 7. » a
of Mintoblehe rope ig
the ‘16th’ cent oi wh
which the E
we aoa et ad ay
8 ‘a. hfe uf r j a,
ol ae i he rue alvidoneran
tayo" ftat 4 of Glérgia from
it “ Cite ‘ogi id havi Sas
ats 1 :
Savahnal Afar aR or wellel ta,
SAU
' is entrapee into the Atlant. Ocean, at
Tybee Bar; in lat. 43 §7.N,
"SAVANNAH, @ town of the United
States, in Georgia, of which it was for-
merly the capital. It is, regwlarly built
_Ap-the form of @ parallelogram, and feated
on a high fandy bluff, on the 8-fide of a
river of the fame name, 17 miles from its
mouth, und 337 88 of Augulta. Lor.
80 20 W, lat.38 07. | mh
. SAVE, ‘a river of Germany, which has
ics fource. in Carniola, runs through that
country from W-to B, feparates Sclavonia
from Croatia, Bofnia, and Servia, and
falls into the, Danube, at Belgrade.
. SAVENDROOG, a ftrong fortrets of the
-kingdey of Myfore, ‘in Hindooftan, | It
, ud pe bse the top of ne fork, rifing
lalf a mile in perpendicular height, from
‘a bafe of above eight miles in. circumfe-
rencé, and divid at the fummit by a
chafin, that forms it into. two hills;
_thefe. haying each its peculiar “defences,
ferve as ‘two citadels, capable of being
_maintained, independently of the lower
works, which are alfo wonderfully ftrong.
‘Notwithitanding this, it was taken 1 th
Englifh, in 1793, after a fiege of {even
days, It is 38 miles w of I ore.
SavERREn, a town of France, im the
department of Arriege and fate province
‘of Foix, {pated on the Arriege, 35
“sniles. SSE of Touloufe, Lon,,.2 36 B,
Jaks 43:24 8 pia .
SAVERNE, a. town Of France, in the
‘department of Lower Rhine and fate pro-
vince of Alface, with a palace, the occa-
fional refidence of the late archbifhops of
“Strafburgh. Jt $s {gated at the foot of T
“Mont Vofges, in a fertile country, which
roduces plenty of wine, 38 miles Nw of
trafbur, 4 and 130 & of Paris. Lon.
"7.43. Ey lat: 48 41 ¥.
“1, SA¥IGLIANO, a fivong town of Pied-
jnont, capital of a territory of the fame
name,. with a rich Benedictine abbey. It
is feated on the Maira, five miles w of
Foffano, and26 sof Turin. Lon. 7 44
B, lat. 4430 N. ‘ :
SAULGEN, a town of Suabia, capital
of ‘a county of the fame name, . which
helcngs to the baron of Walburg.
SAULIEV, a town of France, in the de-
portment of Cote d'Or and late province
ef Burgundy, feated on an eminence, 25
‘miles w af rs and 142 se «f Paris.
OD. 49 By fat. 47:37 _N-
t SauMuR, g confiderable town of
France, in the department of Maine. and
Lojre and late province of Anjou, with
‘an ancient bog) , Here is a famous
oi
bridge over. the Zoire, coniifting of ya
SAV
elliptic arghes; each 60 feet in diameter,
It js 22 miles sg of Angers, and 160 sw
eff hens Lon. 0 4 W, lat. 47,45 N.
AUNDERS, CAPE, a cape of Sand-
wich Tand in the Southern Ocean. Lon,
46.57, W, lat. 5468,
Saunpgrs Isis, an. ifland near. S,
Georgits in the Southern Ocean. Lon.
26 38 w,. lat. s8 os. :
SAVONA, a populous and ftrong town
of Italy, in the territory of Genoa, with
two caftles, a bifliop’s fee, and feveral fine
churches, The Genoele, fearing that it
would hurf their trade, ruined the har-
bour, and rendered it unfit for large
veligls.. It wag taken by the, king of
Sardjnia in 1746, reftored in 1748, and
taken by the French in.1795. The fur-
rounding country abounds in filks and all
forts-of fruits. -It is feated on the Me-
diterrangan, 20 miles sw of Genoa, Loy.
8 20E, Jat. 44 18 N.
“ SAVONIERS, a town of France; in the
“department of Indre.and Loire and late
revive’, of Touraine, five miles from
ours. Near it are caverns, famous for
their petrifications.
Savoy; a duchy of Europe, between
France: and Italy, 83. miles long, and 67
broad;, hounded on then by the ‘lake of
Geneva, which feparates it from. Swiffer-
Jand ; on, the.& by. the Al 3, which divides
it from Piedinont. and Vallais; on the w
by the Rhone, which me it from Breffe ;
and on the. s by Dauphiny and Piestmont.
The air is cold on account of high moun-
tains, whicn are almoft always covered
with fhow; but the foil is pretty fertile.
he mountains which’ are not covered
with fhow in winter, abound with pal-
tures that feed a vait number of cattle.
There are alfo ftags, fallow deer, roe-
pb hl: abo mia marmots, white
ares, artridgeg, woodcocks,
and pheafinee’ 1 the fot grat full of fith,
and the principal. rivers are the Lfere,
Arc, and Arve. e French invaded
this country in 1792, and the fame year,
the National Convention decreed, that it
fhould be an 84th department of France,
by the name of Mont Blane. Chamberry
is the capital. | . |
Sauves, a town of France, in the de-
pring of Gard and late Botany of
anguedoc, feated on the Vidoure, 13
miles sw of Alais.
“ SAUVETERRE, a town of France, in
the department of Lower Pyrenees and
late province of Rearn, with an old ruined
caftle, 20 miles wNw of Pay,
SAUVETERRE, a town of France, in
the department of Ayejrpn and late pra-
vince of
franche.
conia; f
Upper
the x b
w. by th
75 miles
fertile a
mines.
by the r
principa
Saxony,
capital ;
the. cap’
which |
Drefden
Sax
SAY
vince of Rouergue, 12 miles s8 of Ville-
franche.
SAXENNAGEN, a town of Weftphalia,
4n the county of Schawenburg, 20 miles
ww of Hanover. Lon, 9 36 &, lat. 52
ON.
: SAXMUNDHAM, a town in Suffolk,
with a market.on Thuriday, feated on a
hill, 29 miles ne of Ipfwich, and 89
NE of London. Lon. 1 40 8£, lat. 52
18 N, ‘
Saxony, Upper, one in the nine
circles of the German empire} bounded
on the g by Pruilia, Poland, and Silefia ;
on the s by Bavaria, Bohemia, and Fran-
conia; on the w by the circles of the
Upper Rhine and Lower Saxony; and on
the n by the Baltic and Lower Saxony.
The elestor of Saxony is the direftor. It
comprehends the eleftorate of Saxony, or
Saxony Propér, the principality of Anhalt,
the landgravate of Thuringia, the marche
of Bindtaneeg: and the duchy of Po-
merania, and thefe are fubdivided. into
many diftricts, taken notice of in their
proper places...
AXONY, Lower, one of the nine
circles of the German senpire 5, bompled
on the wn by the Baltic the duchy of
Slefwick, on the w by the German
Oi an and Weltphalia, and on the s and
8 by the circles of the Upper Rhine and
Upper Saxony... The directors of this
circle are the dukes of Magdeburgh,
Bremen, and Bruniwick-Lunenburgh. It
comprehends the archbifhopric of Magde-
burgh, the bithopric of Hildetheim, the
archbitho ric of Bremen, the bifhoprics
of Halberitadt, Schwerin, Ratzburg, Lu-
bec, and Slefwic; the duchies of Brunf-
wick-Lunenburgh, Lawenburgh, and
Mecklenburgh ; the principality of Verden,
the counties of Reinftein Blaubprg,
and the free cities of Hamburgh, Lubec,
Goflar, Mulhaulen, and Northaufen._ .
SsxoNY, Prope, or the electorate of
Saxony, in the circle of Upper Saxony, is
bounded on the. by the marche of Bran-
denburg, on the g& by Lower Lu-
fatia, on the s by Mifnia, and, on the
w by the principality of Anhalt. It is
75 miles long and 62 broad, and is a very
fertile and trading country, abounding in
mines. It is cut into two unequal parts
by the river Elbe; and divided into three
principal parts; namely, the duchy of
Saxony, of which Whittemberg is the
capital; Lufatia, of .which Bautzen. is
the. capital; and Mifhia, the. capital of
which (and of the whole elettorate) is.
Drefden. 1
Saxcock, one of the iflands of Japan,
SCA
divided from Niphon by a narrow channel,
The Dutch fades Sie ermittd to refide
in the little ifland of Difnia, which is on
the w fide of this. Lon, 132 28 8, lat.
$ ON,
Sayp. Sce Spon. |
Saypan, one of the Ladrone MMands,.
larger and pleafanter than that of Tininn ;
lying between 140 and 2§0° 2 lon. and
in 15 22 N Jat. ’
SCHAGEN, or SCAGEKIF, a promon-.
tory of N Jutland, in Denmark, at the
entrance of the paffa oyt of the occan
ing the Categate. . re 10 6 B, lat. gn
16 N.
SCALA, a town of Naples, in Princi-
pato Citeriore, with.a, bithop’s ie. It
was a large city formerly, but.is. now.
greatly decayed... It is 6 miler x of
malfi.. Lon. 34 44 8, lat. 40.34 N.
SCALANOVA, a town of Turkey in
Afia, in Natolia, with a caftle and har-
bour, feated on. the feacoatt, eight miles.
from Ephefus.. Lon..27 38.8, lat. 37,
54.N. HO peeps we
ScaLitz, or SCALA, a town of Uppe
Hungary, in the county of Pofon. ,
is a very advantageous paflage by it, from
Moravia to Hungary, and it is feated on
the Marck, 50 miles N of Prefburg. Lon.
27.17, lat. 49 4 N. a
~ SCANDEROON, See ALEXANDRETTA»
Scanta. See SCHONEN. . Milles
Scaro, of SCAREN, a town of Swe-
den,. in W Gothland, feated on the lake
Wenner, 66 miles ne of Gottenburgh,
Lon. 12.42 8, lat. 58 36.8. m
SCARBOROUGH, afeaport'and borough, ~
in the N riding,of York hire, with a market
on Thuriday. It is, feated on a i
rock, near which pd craggy, cliffs
that it is almoft inacceflible on every fide.
On the top of this rock, is a green
plain, with a little well of freth water
ipringing out of the rock. It is greatly
frequented om account of its mineral
waters, called the Scarborough Spa, and
alfo for fea-bathing ; on which account it
is much improved in the number ang
beauty of its buildings. The {pring was’
under the cliff, part of which fell down
in.1737, and the water was loft; but in
clearing away the ruins; in order to ree
bui wharf, it was recovered, to the
great joy of the town,, Scarborough fends
two members to parliament, has a good
harbour, pofleffes a confiderable trades
and is much engaged in the fifheries. It
is 36 miles NE.of York, and 237 N of
London. Lon.o 15 Wy. lat. 54 18 WN,
SCARBOROUGH, a town and fort on
the ifland of Tobages taken frem the
+
$Sé€R
French’ by ftorm, ‘bythe’ Englith, in
ven }
SCARDONA, a tdwn Of Turkith Dal-
matia,” feated ‘ onl the ‘Che.ta, with ‘a
bithop's fee. It has been often taken and
retaken, by the Turks and Venetians, and
thefe ea Saud the iy gman i
incipdl ‘buildings, in 1537; but the
‘urks have fince site it‘ih a ftate of de-
fence. It is 35 miles.nw of Spalatto.
Lon. 74 8, 'lat.ag2gNn.
ScARLINO, a feaport of Tufcany, with
a cattle, feated ori the feacoaft, five miles
§.of Maffa, and‘ 10 gn of Piombino.
Lon. 10 57 £, lat, 42 58 N. :
SCARO, a town of the ifland of Santo-
ini, with a bifhop’s fee, Lon. 25 58 E,
It. 3G30N, 9
SCARPANTO, an ‘ifland of the Archi-
lago, 22 milts long and sight broad,
ing sw ef Rhodes, and ne of Candia.
“Tete are feveral high mountains ; but it
abounds in’ cattle and game, and has
mines of iron, quarries of marble, and
fevergl good harbours. The Turks are
qrafters “of it, but ‘the inhabitants are
Greeks. Lon. 27 go £,‘ lat. 35 45 N.
“Scarpe, a river of France, which rifes
in Artois, wafhes Arras, Douay, and’St.
Amiand, and falls into the Scheld.
SCARSDALE, a fertile tract, in the NE
part of Derbythire, furroundéd by barren
socks and mountains.
“‘SCHAFFHAUSEN, the fimalleft canton
of Switlerland, bounded on the nN and
w by'Snabia, on the £ by the canton of
Zuric and the bifhopric of Conftance, and
on the 's by the fame and Thurgaw. It
is byt five leagues in feagth and three in
- Ureadth, atid contains 30,000 inhabitants.’
The revenues of the ftaté are ‘hot very.
confiderable, as’ will appear from the ‘fa-’
lary of the burgomafter, or chief of the
républic, which barely amoynts to, r sof:
aXyears ‘The reformation was introduced.
lnre in 1§29. “The clergy are paid by
the ftate; but their income is barely fut-'
ient for their maintenance ; the bett:
ltving being only rool. and the wortt gol.
a’ -year. ‘The profeffor's of literature
affo, who are’taken from the clergy, are
paid by government; ‘and a {thool 1s fup-
orted at the public expence. pace aan
aws dre in force here, as well as in moft:
_ parts of Swifferland; and no dancing is:
allowed except upon particular occafions.
The principal article of, trade is wine,
country abounding in vineyards ; and.
as the ¢anton affords but little corn, it
is procured from Suabia in exchange for Ruffidn
wine. *
SCHAFFHAUSEN, a town of Swiffer.’
S*C‘H
land, capital of a tariton of the fame name,
It is teated on the Rhine, end owes its
origin to’ the interruption of the naviga-
tion of that river bythe cataract at*
Lauffen: huts being at firft conftru@ed,
-for the conveniency of unloading the mer-
chandife’ from the’ béats, by degrees in-
creafed to'a large town: “It was formerly
an imperial town, atid“was admitted a
member of the Helvetic confederacy in
_ 1503, and its territory forms the twelfth
canton in rank.” The inhabitants are
computed to be 60003 but the number of
citizens or burgeflés (in whom the {u-
* preme power ultimately refides) is about
1600. From thefe‘are‘elected 85 members,
who form the great and little council ; the
fenate, or little council’ of 2 5) being en.
trufted with ‘the éxectitivé ‘powers and
ba: ipreat praia Cente | the rae)
nally deciding a appeals, a regilatin
the fae importiitt onterns i verde
ment. ‘Though a frontier’ town, ‘it has
no abt and the fortificationy’ are
weak’; but it has a fartous wooden bridge '
over the Rhine. This river’ Bethg’ ex-!
tremely rapid here, had already’ deftrdyéd
feveral ftone bridges'pf the ftrongéft con.’
ftru&tion, when’ Ulric Grubéniman, a ‘car?
penter, ‘offered to throw a ‘wao en bHdge
of a fingle arch, over the river, Whichiy
néar 406 feet wide, The’ magiftrate,
however, required that it thould nf P
two arches, and that he fliould, forthat’
purpofe, htc the middle piér: of ‘the:
old bridge. He has ny | 3 but ‘has’
contrived to leave ‘ita matter oF doubt,
whether the bridge “is Yupported by ‘the’
middle pier. ‘The fides tind top Pf t’are,
covered; and it ig a’ kind ‘of hanging
bridge: the road, which is almoit lve),
not being carried, as ufual, over the top,
of the’arch, but ‘(jf the expretfion’ ma
be ufed) let into’ the middle of it, an
there “fulpended. “Schaffhaufen is ‘22
miles N by EF cf Zuric, and 39 £ of Bafil.
Lon. 3 41 £, lat. 47 39°N. sa
* SCHALHOLT, a town of Iceland; ‘with
a’ ae ‘fee, und a college. Lon.’ 22
20 W, lat, 64 go'N. | ~
“ScHAMACHYA, a town of’ Perfia, ‘ta-
ital df Schirvan. It was' forfherly’ very,
' large, but’ is now ‘decayed; above 6000
houfts having been ‘thown down by an
earthquake. ‘It'has manufactures of filks
and cottons, aid’ is feated on the w fide
of the Cafpian Sd4, 25c° miles we ‘of
Tauris. Lon. 37°5 £, lat. 40 50 N. *
ScHantz Srerney, a fortrefe in’ the
| government ‘of Wiburgh, feated
on the Neva, a fe B of Petesfburgh.
Lon, 33 35 8, lat. Goo HW,
The'en '
décliratio
as a decla
take mea
good off
was prev:
on the J
Vienna, ¢
to his fla;
fum ‘of r
the expen
parations
French te
opening 1
the plea {
the conf
_ could ‘ho
ever.
Holland;
Britain
them, at
SCHEI
France,
Rhine at
on the 1
urg.
SCHE:
could ‘hot be ced
SCH
ScHARDING, “a town “of Lower Ba-
varia, feated on the Inn, feven miles s of
Paffiw. Lon. 13 46 1, lat. 48 21 y.
‘SCHagnitz a fortified town of air
many. inthe Tirol. Tt is a Ie of he
on thé confines 0
rds 4 mile fof Tafpruc.
SCHAWENBURGQ, a territory of Welt-
oe a2 ie ig nd ro broad, ‘be-.
onging to thé rave of Heffe Caffel.
CHELD, a con erable eid ‘of the
Netherlands,’ Which ¥ilts in France, A
the late pitovinee of Picardy. foiite by
Cambray; Botichain, Valencien “Conde,
Tournay, Ondenard, Ghent, Dender-
mond, and Antwerp, it dividés into two
branches below Fort Lillo. One of thefe,
called : ae Farin flows by Ber-
a : the “Weftern
proce ‘3 Fhating: aiid both
forming Teveral’ i amg net i a2 German
Oceath” Tn’ 1647, of ‘Spain
e ih ey pe ie
SCH
feated on the Wag) 25° intlds: we OF
Prefburg. Lon. 17 40 8, lat. iS 42 A
SCHELLENBURG, 2 fortrefs of B avatia,
retharkable for a- victory obtained here by
the allies, over the French and’ Buva-
rians, in 1704. It is 22 miles w of
Ingolftadt. Lon. Yo 58 #, lat. 48 46 NW.
CHELLING, an ffland ‘of the United’
Provitices, in Fiiefland, Rls Ey ‘the-ens
trance of the’ Zuider-Zee. 5'10'Be
lat. $6: 20'N. lpi cod
HEMNITZ; on town of Opt ‘Hain
gary, ‘one of the fevén‘ mountain-towns,,
with three caftles: "It is famoug for mites:
of filver ‘and’ other oetats as alld for
its hot baths. ‘Near it isa’ ‘pock” of
thining blue ftone, mixed Wit gid’
i fhot of yelldw. ft is 6 miles, NR,
of Prefbur:
Aches: a fbirtréfs of Giger
dérland, ‘feated ‘on’ the point
Rhine divides intd “two brithches, 't
aie atid’ the’ mee It is® =
Seveh UH ah” Provihe ts). a ede fiportance, a ds, te "centre df? ba nh
ther the foveréi the’Scheld ; (tip cation Betweeit EN: “ind G:
jariing, moreover, large no ay: tt itt 4
th the imperi
ne we ves fr ig ba pe
the, to. t 9 ‘ck 9
fot sa a tah ig ;
detatnied iy: - Sa
and ftruitk °'théir’ ‘do ‘i ieee
The em Be in purfudnce bf'a prevjous
decir of to that’ effe&t, confidered. this
asd de¢laration of wa ‘Bia | tSteeded to
take meafures laceordifig ly ce y, the
good offies of’ be court ie rerfailles, he
was prevailed tipon to |
on the Dutch | dting a “depiitation to.
Vienna, to make an apology for the infult,
to his flag,’ ‘and confenting to pay a Jarge
fum of money a$ an indeed tion 1 or
the expences he had, incutred in‘ th
parations’ for war.’ In 1792, wheh the
French took Antwerp, they infifted upon
opening the navigation of this river, on
the plea that all rivers were free, and that
the confequent right-of navigatin it
' by any treaty w. at. fo
ever. This, with, their invafion
Holland, * dréw that country and Gr :
Britain ne ae “ destieicke oalition againtt
them, at thé eticement o 1793>,...,
ScuBLEstAD', a, trong torn
France, in ‘the departinent of Uppe
Rhine and’ late pr once of Alface fested
on the river Ill; zo miles sw of Straf
purg. Lon. 7 @ ‘E, lat. 48 17 Nw
SCHELLA, @ town of Upper Hungary,
he 'pre-
¢ ae
‘iy hine’ si iaet Sw
My oaenting “fe Sea 4 a‘fertile fe
te ths Bade ee -
give up the. point,,
at Farfiftan, sha
miles sz of Watt na, J
lat," Sri N vas
"$0 ER ‘ li e's au
Lon. +, pore
peut
ot Th ¢ "Babies s ey u
RR SS Rei an OF tabla bs
alten ‘the “Tinh, * ight’ inilés $ By” Ww
a
ave! a hick ‘Deiiiark, ‘in N
ae ed at ‘the eal of a fiver,
in the gulf of Virk-Fun
ScHIEDAM, a bw of the. United
Provinces, in Holland, ‘féated on a canal,
which communicates with the Maefe, four
a E’by Sof “Rotterdam. | Lon. 4 49,
at..$1.54 iW ;
ac
dinpley, a i iy oe Dees
pir ver W.
Sci Noi iy Ai ad of Sitter:
pag iy the spall oe
of its tepid ml
loft se ei a wate ruins soft the f
caltle of ot
ScHiRas,,
ue ci
rae & at
Te is‘ three imiles rs éngth, but ne fo
pup i rete and i is Kare ihn
of a fpacious plain, furro
Ener ont of hich the town Randee
hills, under one of which the t
The houles are built of byicks drisd jn
: $C H
Be Ss she, 206s are flag and terraced,
here are 15 handfome mofques, tiled
with ftones of a bluith green colour, and
lined within. with black polithed marble.
There are many large and beautiful gar-
dena, furrounded by walls 14, feet, high,
containing various kinds of fine trees,
with fruits. almolt of every kind. The
wines of Schiras are nut only the bett in
Perfia, but, fome think, in the whole
world. In 1778, the feat of government
wag transferred from Hipahan to this
ples It..is 225, miles s of I{pahan.
LON»..$4,20 Ep», Jat. 29.40 Ne
SCHL EUSONGEN, a town of Franconia,
in the province ef Henneburg, feated on
t ; 4 river Schleus,- : a
_ SCHMIBERG, a town of Silefia, in the
duchy of Jaur. ‘Alinoft all the inhabi-
tants are fmiths, whence the place takes
its name. , It. is feated at the foot of a
mountain, near the fource of the Bauber.
_ ScHOMBERG, a town of Germany, : in:
the electorate of Treves, feated on the
untain, 15 miles from Limbourg,
_ SCHONECK, or SCHQINECK, a town
at Ge iy» in Gated ottos rata
with.a cattle, on -the 9 37
miles f of Tete Lan. 6 26 2, lat.
Oos2N, FH wait Aaa sci ait
* ScOnEN, SCANIA, Or SKONE, a. pro-,
vince of ype loan on the w by
1 fe
: Gourd, avhich feparates it from Zea-,
fase Ae by and Smoland ;
and; '& and s by Bleckingen and the
Bales. .; ig 58 miles long -ad 40 broad,
and is a fertile country. Lunden is the
capital. RY io
SCHONGAW, a town of Upper Ba-
varia, feated on the Lech, 30 miles s of
Augiburg.
SCHOONHOVEN, a ftrong town of the
United Provinces, .in Holland, with a
commodious haven, feated on the Leck,.
¥4 miles £& of Rotterdam. Lon, 4 54.8,
Vat. $158 N. i
_ SCHORNDORF, a town of Suabia,:in
the duchy of, Wirtemburg,, with a ftrong.
éaitle. Here are falt {prings,. from which
a_ great dea} of falt is made. This place.
was poflefled by, the French in Augutt.
1796. It is feated on the Reims, 13.
miles xz of Stutgard. Lon. 8-548, lat,
48 S68, P
ipsa. ‘iflands. pi oie F mag
Ocean, near the coaft ‘of New Guinea.
They were difcovered by William Schou-
fén, a Dutchman, in 1636. Lon. 135
35 E, lat. ° 46 8. , co
“ScHOWEN, an ifland of the United
Provinces; in Zealand, Nk of the ‘ifle of
Walcheren. It is 1g miles in length,
SCH:
and- fix in, breadth.
Ziriczee is the
capital,
CHUYKILL, a river of Pennfylvania, |
which rifles nw of the Kittatinny moun.
tains, and is.navigable 85 miles from
above Reading, to its entrance into the
anwnn three miles below Philadel.
phia. i
ScHWALBACH, a village of Germany,
in the circle. of the Upper Rhine and
county of Naflau. Ic is frequented for
its mineral waters, .which are of a
fimilar nature to thofe of Spa. It is
feated. on the river Aa, nine miles x of
Mentz..., + it
SCHWARTZ, a town of Germany, in
the Tirol, famous for its mines of dif.
ferent metals. It is feated on the river
Til, 14 miles Ne of Infpruc. Lon. 31
42 EB, lat. 47 19 N.
SCHWARTZBURG, a town and caftle
of Upper Saxony, in Thurjngia, capital
of a county of the fame name,. belon ing
toa \ pringe of the houfe.of Saxony. it is
feated on the Schwartz, a2. miles $e of
Erfurt, and 35 N of Cullembach. Lon.
Ir 30, lat. 040 N.
egos dk brea a ath of rea
cunia, capitil ef.a principality o
Ine name, with a cattle, feated on. the
Lec, 25 miles Nw of Nuremburg. Lon.
30'44 £, lat. 4943.N., ...
ScHWEIDNITZ, a ftrong tity of Silefia,
capital of a province of the {ame name,
with a caftle. The ftreets are lage, the
churches fine, and the houfes well built,
All the magiftrates are catholics, but mof
of the inhabitants are, seen who
have a chureh without the town, as alfo a
public fchool, In.1716, the. ft part
of this city was burnt down, but was re-
built m an elegant manner. . The Auf.
trians took it, in'1757, from the Pruf-
fians, who retook it the next year. It is
feated on an eminence, on the, river
Weittritz, 22 miles sw of. Breflaw, and
27 8B, of Lignitz, . Lon. 16 54 By lat.
§0.46.N.... sk ah headed
SCHWEINFURT, 2 ftrong and imperial
town of Germany, jn Franconia, with a
palace, where the fenators meet, who are
twelye in number. The inhabitants are
proteftants, and carry on a large trade
in wine, woollen and linen cloth, goofe-
quills, and feathers. This town was
taken: by the French in July 1796, but
they were obliged to abandon it in Sep-
tember following.. It is feated on the river
Maine, 25 miles w of Bamberg. Lon,
39 25 B, lat. 5015 N.
ScHWHITZ, a canton of Swifferland,
bounded om the w by the Lake of the
in 33084 4
in 333» %
of the He
of Schweit
ferland,
only thefé
extended t¢
appellatio
Schweitz,
kind of foi
common te
clufively ¢
SCHWE
a hill, an
lake, T
pile, wit
alace am
ake, and
SCH
Four Cantons, on thes by the canton of
Uri, on the & by that of Glarus, and on
the w by thofe of Zuric and Zug. This
canton, with that of Uri Under-
in 23083 and formed a ual alliance
which was the grand foundation .
in 233»
of the Helvetic comecrsery... tas name
of Schweitzerland, Switzer
ferland, which originally comprehended
only thefé three cangons, was afterward
extended to all Helvetia,’ It derived that
appellation, either from’ the canton of
Sthweitz, as being the moft diftinguithed
by the revolution of 1308, or becaufe the
gupriene called all the inhabitants of
mountainous pasta by the sy
denomination of Schweitzers. go-
vernment of Schweitz and Uri is intirely
democratical, and nearly the fame, They
conan, including theisfubje&ts, 50,000
fouls; and, in cafe of necellity, could
furnifh above 12,000 militia. The fame
kind of foil, and the fame produ€tions, are
common to the two cantons. ' The whole
and. mountainous,
pafture, raifes little
The Roman catholic religion is
clufively eftablithed.
SCHWEITZ,’ a town of Swifferland,
capital of the canton of that name, feated
near the Walditetter See, on the flope of
a hill, and at the bottom of two high,
rp, and rugged rocks, called the
Schweitzer Haken. The church is a |
msgnificent building. It is 10 miles 8
of Lucern, Lon.'8 30 8, lat. 46.55 N.
ScHewsitz, Lake Or. See WALD-
STATTER SEB. r
SCHWERIN, a town of Lower Saxony,
erpital of the duchy of Mecklenburgh
Schwerin. It is divided into four parts ;
name/y, Schwerin, the New Town, '
iflard of Schelf, and the Moor, which
arc all nearly encircled by a beautiful
lake, The cathedral is a fine Gothic
pile, with a lofty fpire. The ducal
palate and gardens are on an ifland in the
ake, and have a communication with the
town by a drawbridge. It is. 35 miles w
by ¢ of Guftrow. Lon, 13 48 8, lat,
5348 N.S
SCHWINBURG, a town of Denm
atk,
‘ph the 8 goaft of the ifland pf Fynen, 23
miles ss of Odenfee.
» oF Swif .
almoft 10 leagues lying w_of the Land's
‘SCI
Lon. 10 36
lat. SS10:%.
ScsaTi,-an ifland of the Archipelago,
ie
Bear the coait of ‘Janna, to the n of Ne-
walden, threw off the yoke of Auftria g
t, and almoft at thejentrance of the
;@F Salonichi:, It i¢ 22 miles in
» and eight in breadth. '
SCIGLIO,,or SciLLa. See SCYLLA.
SciLLyY, 2 clufter of iflands and rovks,
Engin! Cornwall, and are eafily difcerned
from is. OF thele-only. five or fix are in-
habited. They ‘are fuppoied formerly to
have produced’ much tif, but are now
chiefly known as a refort for feafowl; and
a place of thelter for thips in bad weather.
e inhabitants adhe a fubiitt by
fithing, burning kelp, and acting as
ilots. fan — ot bon iflands is on
*s, which has a » is
beft cultivated, and i. a antec inha-
bitants than all the reft-.put together.
In this ifland, and in two or three others,
are various antiquities, A ae een the
remains of ‘a temple of the Druids
ancient fepulchres; ‘but the greateft orna-
walle is the ie ere with a
eryy 48 $1 tect j r av
saen, The Seill® rocks hard. bern
ity. fatal. to numbers of thips.. ing the’
Englith Channel. One: of the. dif
aftrous' events of this kind happened in
3707, when admiral fir Cloudefley Shovel,
with three men of war, perifhed’ with all
their. crews. Lon. 6 46 W; lat. 49 56 WN.
SCILLY, a group of iflands or thoals,
in the S Pacific Ocean, difcovered by
captain ‘Vallis in 1767, and defcribed as
extremely dangerous. Lon. 355 30 w,
lat. 16 28 8.
Sc10, anciently called Chios, a cele-
‘iMand of the Archipelago, near
the coaft of Natolia, Nw of Samos. It
is 32 miles long and 15 broad, and a
mountainous country ;. yet fruits of va-
rious -kinds grow in the fields, fuch as
Oranges, citfons, ont Seo and
pomegranates, .interiperfed with m
and jafinines. ‘The wine of Scio, {6 ce-
the’ lebrated by the ancients, is ftill in great
efteem;, but the ifland.is now principally
diftinguithed by the Whee culture of
the maftich; it has alfo fome trade in filk,
wool, cheefe, and figs. The. partridges
are tame, -being fent every. day into the
figlds to feed, and in the evening are
called back .with a whiftle. - It is com-
puted that there are. 10,000 :Turks,
\ 30,000 Greeks, and 30,000_ Latins, on
this ifland. The Turks became mafters
of it in 4566, :
is
e
&Y
¥
-
r
ty
a
Vel
yt
ae
"
5TO
$c10; a feaport, the capital of an
ifland of the fame name, a bifhop's
feo, At is the beh bailt’ town’ of any in
the Levant ; the houfes being commodious,
‘tome of them und others covered
with tiles. The caftle iv'an old citadel
built by the Génoete; in which the Turks
have a garrifén.. The harbour is’ 4 ren-
dezvous for trips, that go to‘or céme from
Conftantinople, and v-ill’contaih 8o #+ffels.
‘It is feated'on the g fide of the Mandy's)
miles w of Smyina, and 210 6w-of Con-
ftantinople, Rah | dbyasieh
Sc1ROSs, an ifland ofthe Archipelago,
ww of Metelin. It:is 15 niiles long -and
cight broad; and pt riiyr ait
but has'no dines, ‘The vines thake the
beauty of the ifland, “andthe ‘wine 'f6' ex-
eclient 3 nor do the natives: want -wéod,
It contwins: ohly the village‘ anc: convent
of St.George, both built: on: aeerten!
fuck; 96 salied from’ the ‘harbour’ of 8.
uD he fupertor of the’ cénvent
whercilel: defforic tway over the ‘inhabi-
hants; 'whde fiperftition is riore exceffive
that that- of the ‘other Greeks ‘in! the
» SeLAvoWsA, @ country of Barope;' be.
fyreen'thé vivers Save, Drave, and Da-
nitbe;: Te ie divided into fix estat) hg
belongs to the'howfe of Auftria’ (It 'w,
fornerty pn kingdom) and is not alove 75
sailes In breadth; but it is 40d Hi length,
from ‘the'frontiés of ‘A uftria to’ ade.
The egtterts part is: called Ratzja, ané the
anhabitants Raftians. Thefe forni’a par-
titular. wdtion,. ond ‘are’ of ‘the Gretk
ehirch, The langadge of Sclavoniad is
the mother of four others, namely thote
of Huagary, Bohemia, Poland;' dhd
Ruffia, 6.80 bob ‘ ;
. ScoNR)’ of SéHOONE, a@ village ‘in
Perththive; dn the‘ fide of the river Tay,
w ‘by w of Perth.) Hereois: the aricient
royal palace (now: & {eat of ‘the dérl of
Mansfield) in which ‘the kings of Scotland
were crowned; inthe celebrated ftonecliair,
now itt Weftmintiter abbey. ‘It i¢ 46 miles
Noof Edinburgh. ‘ a 0 OOM oth
* ScoOPBLO, ‘aw ifland ‘of thé Arehipe:
lao, five miles‘ of Seiati, and 17°'N Of
/Negropont. It lies:at the entrance of the
quit of ‘Salonichi; and is ‘to ‘niles lorig
and fivebroad. “I¢is very fertile, pro-
dices’ plenty af good’ wine, “and contains
ra,co0 ‘titabitantt, ‘Who -are' altho’ ‘all
Greelts. |! iin mand tite
eh Oe we yteee
ooeaarcar
ScdPra; or Userray toil of ae
key in Europe, in Bilgaria, with at‘arch-
bithop’s fee. «Yt iv (eated on the Vardar,
over which is a bridge of 22 atches, 69
'$@oO
miles ws of Sofft. Lon. 's2 25 2, 1%,
‘@2 10 N.. Py
SCOTLAND, of NQRTH Britats,
the’ rlorthern ‘of flie ‘two kingdoms into
“which the iflarid ‘of ‘Great ‘Britain was
‘formerly divided. Te is botnded on the
'w’ by the Atlantic Ocean, on the ny b
‘the North Sea, on the 2 by the’ German
Oceat, on the b¥ by’ Eng hd, ‘and ‘on
‘the 6 ‘by the Trith Sea.” ‘To Scotland
alfo‘appertain the iflands on its wettern
seoaft, called’ the Hebridess or. Weftern
Iflands, arid 'thofe to the ne called
Orkney and ‘Shétlalid Tflands. Pane
to 8 it extends: 476 miles; and its preates
‘breadth {8 ‘f505'but ‘in forme places noe
above 30.’ ‘Nattire‘feéiis t6 have pointed
out “three gtahd divifions in Scdttind,
The’ firft, ‘or North divifion, is formed
by a chain “Of lakes, Which ciofs the
country, from the fiith of Mutray to the
ifland of Mult) ita dire&tion from it to
“sw; 'the feédnd,;"or Middle divifion; ‘is
bounded ‘on thes bythe friths of Forth
and Clyde, andthe grest canal by Which
they ‘are ttiteds* and am thie 's fide 6f this
boundary'Is the 'thitd, or’ Sauth divifion.
The North divifion' is chiefly st afer.
blage SN iat yoga Sg hy
‘ever; ‘Without oir fertile Paltfes’on ‘th
northern ‘and eaftetat Mores: ' Phe Midd
Givifion f° travebfed,’ iit differeiit direc.
tion; by Wally Brett ranges eet ;
and'thdegh ‘callivation Hert id aH Fount
chiefly’ on the daftertt there)! yee Of ‘this
divifion, as well as: of the er, the
arate "land bears’ a’fiiall proportion to
the motiitainows atid ‘Sarten tratts:” The
South divifién has a’ great refernblance to
England} aiid’ with! refpe&? both 4b the
génekal -afpedt oF the coustry,’ dnd to'the
rete “of eultivation, “exhibits “every
‘ind: ‘of ES git UThe principal
river's ‘are the Spey, "D6fy* Tay; Tweed,
Clyde; >Forti,’ “Northeiy Dee; Ek,
Annan, Nith, and Southéfn Dee.” ‘The
‘eliniate Gs Very ‘vartous: ‘The northern
ext¥emity; which is'ih the fanie latitude
with forme patts of Norway; is Extréinely
cold; ‘but fiom its’ infelat’ fituation; ‘the
frofty are far from being {6 intenfe, a8 ih
parte Of the continent’ eqially’as far to
the Ne Nd Welt coait’is tubjeé to fie.
em fains in-theifumrier, and to fuddeh
hafiped‘oF weather. - En many places’ op
the eufterit there; ‘aiid inthe While South
divifion, the ‘dlimate is not Mferior to
the viorth part’ of England's ahd, th
general, the air is very healthy. Thi
products-of the’ couhtry aie Stain, flax,
woods ef ok: and’ fir) coal, t-adj iron,
bape
Edin
Thele: fend
ment, excep
juntion
Date v
£0 1
by eetind
the prefbyts
trade.and m
upder, the: .
Edinburgh.
SCRIVAN
in.Natolia,
op the & fid
poe /
oppofite. It
ra is, byl
29 4 Bp: lag
StyLLa
Meflina,, 1
fite the: cele
a mile fro
vifion.
"
SoC1Y.
frechtone, limeftone, date, the moft beau-
tjful marble, fine, cometary
vasiegated. pebbles, &c. It s valt
nerds of cattle and flocks of fhegp:
are both Gnall, but.much, valued for the
delicacy of their fiehh; and, the fleece of
the latter emulates the fineit Spunith wool,
Ir iain the high rounds that. the. cattle
ye fo.diminutive; ‘fors in many: partsiof
the country, the hories and coy”. are Mot »
excelled in fize and bes sty by. thofe of. the
| Eaglith breed, . Among the wild animals
- the: roe, ftag,. tox, \badger,. otter,
edgeihog, rabbit, weafel, mole, and
other fall. quadsupeda.: . Among the:
feathered «race. are’ the capercailzie, or
cock gf the wood, the eagle, falcon, par-
cidgeg.quails fhipe, plover, black game,
kc. Scotland is divided into 33.counp;
ties; damely Shetland aad Orkney; Bute,
Caithnefa, Sutherland, Rofs, Cromarty,
Nairney Invernela, Murvay, Banff, Aber-
deen, Kingardine, Angus; Herth, F ife, >
Kinrofé,, Clackmannany Stirling, Dom-
barton) Argyle, We » ‘Wigton,
Kirkcudbright, Dumfries, » Roxburgh,
Selkirk, Peebles, Lanerk, Linlithgow,
Edinburgh, Haddington,! and Berwick,
ment, except Bute and Caithnefa, Cro»,
marty.and;. Naime,.: Kinnofs and: Clack-
mangan, which fend members. in. cons
junétions. fei. that the: caunties; fend 30
members». which, with. 115, fent. by, the
boroughs make .the 45... members. fent
by Scotland. ‘The eftablithed religion is..
the prétbyterian,: Withinefpect to the
trade.and manuiactures, theysare noticed
under: , the; selaspiiie ‘cities; and, tawns.
Edinpurgh.is the capital.j> i aus ©
_ScrRIvAN, a feaport of, Terra;Firma.
Proper; 50 niles. B:0f;Ponto Bello. Lon.
78,49. 9. lat. .9:40:.N, rod sb iT ia ;
saute Rly. atiseng. angd.papulous: town i
of Turkey: éu,:Eurgpe, | capital ot (Upper.
Albania,, with a bithopis, feds Jt is feated:
on ‘the lake Zeta,; at, theimauth of the!
river, Bocana,, 20. miles, Nz. of, Antivari,
and 47, nw. of Albanppoliai:' Loni itg 25 >
Ey lat,.42, 350M i iW 23908 ebiiti i ~ Bivhi 9G
Scurari, atownofiTsrkey in-Afa,:.
hanbour,i:feated..
te. It contains¢ haodfbme moiq
ori, tilly anttbe dood a. ells dad.
S'E!
litle .out to fea). uid metts the whole;
force of the waters as they come out of
the narrowefk part of the fteaite.. ‘The
they:' head of. this promontory is: the famous
Scylla of the ancient poets. I¢ does nos.
come: Up to: the formidable: deicription
that. Homer gives of it, nor ig the pallage
fo seondrous narrow: «and: difficult as
makes, it; hut itis probable that. ite:
breadth is greatly increated fnce his time,
by the violeng. impetuofity ofithe currents
and this, violence: mutt always have di-
minithed, in proportion-as the breadth of
the channel increafed, ‘There are: many:
{mall rocks. that. fhow their heads: near’
the bafe of the large.ones. =. Thee are
ne dogs that are.defcribed: as
wling round:the moatternScylla. ‘Phere:
are likewile many caverns that add greatly.
to.the noife of the- water, and tend to
inexeafe the -horror of the fcene. ‘The
rock; is near 200 feet high; and there is
a, kind, of: cattle or fort.an:its fummit. | °
S2¥L1.*, or C1610, a:town of Sicily, :
fituate.on ‘hic fide of the rock. Seylia.
In, the. terrible earthquake of 1783 (fee
CALABRiA) a wave of the fea, which. hadi
> fwapt,the country for three miles, carried
“Thefe:fend one member.ieath.:to parlia~i off, qn:
qu: its retuin, %473 of the inhabi-;
tants, .with the prince:at.theix head. Ie
is soimiles %.4/0f. Meffina, | ©:
SEAFORD, a borough: and .feapost: ini
%,' which. fends..two: members to
patliament, ‘but has no’ niarket. Ie. is”
eight miles, 858. of | Lewes, and. 59 8°
by.£ of London. .Lom. 6 ¥o By lat, 50
50 N. Vip ’
y SBATONs sor Borw: SeaTon, a. {ea-
pont, in: Huddingtonfhires....Here is a
i Tyinoua palace, in which Mary queen. of.
S¢ots, occafionally kept ‘her::court, | after
her xesaiin foom' France, .dn the chapel’
are feveral curiaus monuments ofimarble. |
Segtdn, has .a onfiderable trade in falt and
coal and iedfituate onithe-trith of Forth,
nine- miles t@: of Edinburgh. :: Lon. 2 54
We 4.$5.0.N. a] heey ‘ anye? fff ‘
ASemearian, Sr a populous: feaport of
Spain, ‘im. Bifeay.::<It «is featedi at the
foot of a preieg
eat.
trasles: particolarlyh<in ,dron;: Beek tend
29 4.8) dageigd.0 Mic NO ai wings lo wook Sti Sehathia s taken by. the
a Toth. 7 aed yn
efina,, om e caaft, ate) fi
ftp the orlebwated Chasyiatian Huis about
a mile fromthe entraacepf; the Faro, and
i Feencht daod7 gob sist gor tniles ” of:
Bilboaj:arid s0:Nw of: Pampel » Dow:
I 1§6 SW, slat. 43/246) ORS tata 2
SEBASTIAN, St.'a Jarge city of Brofll;:
foqus a Sigal: prqmoutery, which suns a; capitel of the province of Rio Jangiro,
4
F
bs
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+
(ae
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4 rt
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at
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f
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i
t
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a
"
°
;
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4
SEE
andia bithop‘s fee. It has a my exten-
five and commodions harbour, defended
by numerous forts. |The city ftands on’
lew ground, which was formerly fwampy :
and is lurrounded by high hills, which ex:
clude the benefit of the refrething fea and :
land breezes ;' fo that ‘it is ome dl
hot, and unhealthy, ‘in the fummer.:‘
; t mechanics casry on their bu-
finefs in diftingi. parts of the town; par-
ticular. ftreets ti apast for parti-
cular tradesy» Onthe s fide of a {pacious
is the of the viceroy. St.
Sebaftian is feated at the mouth of the
Rio Jaiciro, in the Atlantic.’ Jpn. 43
22 Wy lat. 22.54.8205! :
:Sepastian, Cape Sr. a cape at. the
mw extremity of Madagafcar. Lon. 46
2$ &, lat. 12 40 5S.
SEBENICO, a ftrong feaport of Venetian
Dalmatia, capital of a county of the fame
name, witha bifhop’s fee, a fort, and a
eaftle. The Turks haye often attempted
in vain to take it. It is feated near the
mouth of the Cherca, in the gulf of
Venice; 25 miles.sz of Zara. Lon. 16
46 £, lat.4417 N. cA
. SEBOURG, a town of France, in the de-
partment of the.North and late province
of French Hainault, 12 miles 2 of -Va-
lenciennes, and 12. se of Condé. Lon:
3 $0 By. lat. 50 22.N.
SECKAW, 2townof Germ : in Upper
Stiria, with.a:bithop’s fee. It is -feated
on the Gayle, nine miles x of Judenburg, -
and go sw of Vienna. Lon. 14 27. £,
lat. 47 19 N. ,
SECKINGEN, ‘a@ town of Suabia, one of
the foreft.towns. It belongs to the houte
of Auftria,. agd vis feated on an ifle,
formed by the Rhine, fix miles sz of
Rheinfelden, and 27 w of Schaffhauten.
Lon. 7 57 E, lat. 47 34 N. .
| SECKINGTON, a village in. Warwick-
fhire, near Tamworth, famous for a battle,
fought in 757, between Cuthred, king of
the W Saxons, and Ethelbald, king of
the Mercians, Qn the w fide of itechurch —
are the ruins. of a fort, and: near it an
artificial hill, 45. feet high.
SEDAN, a ‘trong town.of \Franece, in
the department of the Ardennes and late
piovince of Champagne. It is one.of the
moft important keys -in the kingdom ;
and has: a) ftrong caftle,.an arfenal, -w:
foundry of cannon, and 4 manufacture of
black cioths of a iuperier quality, The:
famous marthall Turenne was bogn in the
caftle. Sedan is feated on the Maefe, 26
miles $8 of Charlemont, and 135 Nz of
Paris. . Lon. 5 2 £, lat. 49 42 N.
SAECHING, a.town in Norfolk, with
- $ EG
a.market,on Tuefday, feated on a fmalf
navigable river, four miles s of Lym,
and93 Ng of Londom Lon. o 24 2,
lat. 52:44 N.
S£Ez, an ancient and confiderable town
of France, in the department of Orne
and late province of ormandy, with a
bithop’s fee. It is feated ina fine country,
near the fource of the Orne, 12 miles ‘y
of Alengon, and 102 w by s of Paris,
Lon. 0 15 £, lat. 48 36.N. .
SEGEBERG, a town of Lower pics
ey
in the duchy of Holitein, with a caf
ona high ‘mountain confifting of lime.
{tone, quantities. of which are car.
ried to Hamburg and Lubec. Ivis feated
on the Trave, 22 miles 8 of Kiel, and.
28 N of Hamburg. Lon. 10 9 8, lat.
540N.
‘SgGepin, a ftrong town of. Lower
Hungary, with a caitle,| taken from the.
Turks in 1686. It is seated at the conflu.
ence of the Teifle and Maitroch, 50 miles
SE ot Colocza. Lon. 20 35 £, lat. 46 28 n,
SEGESTAN, a province of Perfia,
bounded on the n by Korafan and Balck,
- on the BE by Candahar and Sableftan, on
the ‘s ‘by Mackeran, on the sw by
Kerman, and on the w by Covheftan
and Farfiftan. __
-SEGESWAR, a town of Tranfylvania,
capital of a county of the fame name. It is
built in the ferm of an amphitheatre, on
the fide of. hill, near the river Kokel, 47
miles N of Hermanftadt. Lon. 24 55 5,
lat. 474. N. ;
SeGNa, aftrong feaport, capital of Hun-
garian Dalmatia, wit: a fort, anda bithop’s
uee, It is feated .on the gulf of Venice,
100 miles Nw of Spoletto.. Lon. 15 21
By lat..45 22.N.
SEONI,.an ahnient town of Italy, in:
Campagna di Roma, with a bifhop’s fee.
z is {aid that organs were firft invented
ere,
miles sz of Paleftrino, and 32 £ of Rome.
Lon. 13.15 By lat. 41 so N.
cia, with a ‘bithop’s fee.
the fide of a hill, between two mountains,
ina foil fertile. in corn. and. wine, and
where there are quarries of fine marb!
it.is near the river Morvedro, 27 miles
Nw of: Valencia, and 150 &% of Madrid.
Lon. 0 3. Wy’ lat. 49 48.N. > Me
.SEGOV:1A, ah ancient and populous city
of Spain, in Old Cattile, -with.a bithop’s
< fee; and a caftle, called Alcazar. § It.is
furrounde2 bya itrong wall, flanked with
towers and ramparts; and ‘is fupplicd
with water. by a Roman aqueduct, 3000
paces in lengthy and supported: by 277°
It is feated on a mountain, 12:
SEGORBE, a town of Spain, in Valen. :
It is feated on:
arches of 3
of two ro
Here the’
from the
elteemed i
ee of he
le paper.
fide Uf the
ftatue of t
Alcazar i
the town
adorned w
marble.an
is magnifi
with very
markable
a valley, 4
are mills,
is feated 4
Arayadda
Lon. 3 44
SEGOV
the provi
river, nea
are mines’
20N. .
rng
in the au
the river.
province ¢
lat. 13°25
SEGOv!
of Luconi:
Philippine
feated at
the mouth
of Manilk
. SEGRA;
in the Py
Catalonia,
Balaguer,
it falls in
SEGUR
with a ca
the rivers
of Caftel-
tara.
SEGUR
Caftile an
ed amon;
miles NE
56N.
: SEGUR
ef Lahor
SEI
arches of a prodigious height, confitting
of two rows, one placed above the other.
| Here the ‘beft cloth in. Spain is ‘made,
from the fine Spanifhy wool -fo much
efteemed in other countries. ‘This is one
art of their trade, and another is} very
e paper. The cathedral ftands on one
fide of the great {quare, and contains the
fatue of the Virgin in maffy filver.. The
Alcazar is feated in the hi part of
the town, and has 16° rooms’ richly
adorned with ta ’ “aa worst ob |
marble.and por ° e chape
is magnificently gilded, and embellithed
with very fine eee The molt re-
markable ftructure is the Mint, ‘feated in
a Mf furrounded by a river, on which
are mills, employed in coining. | Segovia
is feated on a mountain, near river
Arayadda, 45 miles Nw of Madrid.
Lon. 3 44 W, lat. 40 57 N.°
SEcOviA, a town of Terra Firma, in
the province of Venezuela, ' feated on a
river, near a high mountain, where there
are mines'of gold. « Lon.65 30 w, lat. 8
2ON. . oa
SEGOVIA, NEw, atown of New Spain,
in the audience of Guatimala, feated on
the river Yare, on the confines of, the
province of Honduras. Lon. 84 30'w,
lat. 13°25N.
Szecovia, NusvA, a town in the ifle
of Luconia, and ‘one of the largeft in the
Philippines, with a bithop’s fee. It is
feated at the n end of the ifland, near
the mouth of the Cagayan, 240 miles N
of Manilla. Lon. 120-59 £, lat. 18 39N.
. SEGRA,-2 river of Spain, which rifes
in the Pyrenees, and runs sw through
Catalonia, paffing by Puy-Cerda,. Urgel,
Balaguer, Lerida, and Mequinenza, where
it falls into’ the Ebro. ;
SecURA, atown of Portugal, in Beira,
with a caftle on a mountain. © It is near
the rivers Elia ‘and Tajo, eight miles sz
of Caftel-Branco, and'30 NW of A!:an-
tara, ’
SEcuRA, a town of Spain, in New
Caftile and territory of La Mancha, feat-
ed among the mountains of Segura, 36
miles NE of Baeza. Lon. 2 39 w, lat. 37
56N. . am 2
SEGURA, 2 river of Spain, which rifes
in the mountains .of Segura, ‘in New
Caftile, and croffing Murcia, ‘and the s
part of Valencia, ‘falls into the Mediter-
ranean, PW a ONCE
’ Serks, a powerful nation of Hindoot
tan Proper, confifting of feveral fall in.
ice ftates, that have formed a kind
ot federal union. pofle(s the whole
ef Lahore, the principal ‘part of Moultan,
SEL
aud the w part of Delhi. ‘This'trach ex-
tends 400 miles from NW te sz, and is
from 150 to 200‘broad, in general, but
the part between Attock and Behker can-
not be lefs than 320. Lictle-is known
concerning‘the ftate of their government
and politics; but the former’is repre-
fented as being mild. In their mode of
making wat, they are unqueftionab
favage and cruel. ‘Their army confifts al-
moft intirely of horfe, of which they are
faid to be able to bring at leaft 100,000
into the field. The Seiks, like the Hin-
doos, are perfectly tolerant in miatters of
faith, and require only a conformity in
certain figns and ceremonies; but, unlike
the Hindoos, they admit profelytes; al-
though thofe from among the Mahome-
tans are the leaft ‘efteemmed. The’ Seiks
are now become one of the moft powerful
ftates in Hindooftan. Their capital is
Lahore. :
SEINE, a river of France, which rifes
inthe department of Céte d'Or and late
rovince of Burgundy, and foving
royes, Melun, Paris, and Rouen, fal
into the Englifh Channel, at Havre de
Grace.
Seine, Lower, a department of France,
including part of the late province of
Normandy. Rouen is the capital.
SEINE AND Marne, a department of
France, including part ‘of the- late prot
vince of the Ifle. of France. Meaux ‘is
the capital.’ TORT RR
SEINE AND OISE, a department of
France, including part of tne ‘late’ ‘pro-
vince of the Ifle of France. Verfailles’is
the capital. ai 4 aay
SEINSHEIM, ‘a town of Franconia, with
a caftle, 33 miles nw of Nuremburg.
Lon. 16 28:£, lat.49 40.
Setr, or Hor; a mountain in Arabia
Petrea, which formerly. bounded ' Judea
on the s, and fepurated it‘from Idumea.'
It is now called Sardeny, and is 140 miles
£ of Cairo; in Egypt. Y
SELBY, 2 town in the w riding of
Yorkthire, with aynarket on Monday, It
is feated oh the Oufe, and: is a-place of
fome trade, r2 miles:s of York,-and-182
Nn by w of London, Lon. 1 2 Wy lati 53
47 Ne , ‘ ‘ + " , ;
SELESHIA, anciently SELEUCIA, a
town of ‘Turkey in-Afia, in Caramania,
‘19 miles from the fea, and 58° w\ of
Teraflo. 3 z pie peg
SELEUCIA ILBER, am ancient epif-
copal town. of : Syria, feated on the iea-
coaft, vight miles n of Antioch.
SELINSTADT, ‘or SELINGUNSTADT,
a town of Germany, in the'electorate of
SEM
Mentzy formerly, ;imprial,. It, is. feated
st the confluengs..of, the G '+s,,pentz
Maine, 14. miles, x 0f, Eran-fort,. and 27
&:0§ Menta. |Log, & 32 Rp Lt. 49. $4 N-
vo SBEIVR Bids,.2 town. of T'uikey in Eu-
ropes. ip, Romapia,, with an, anchbifhop's
fee. It, was,.a. large 3 e,, but sis, now
much. decayed, , It is, pafeghon he lent
Marmora,' 35,miles w. of Conttantinople,
Lon, 28. 52.B, -lat.43 4Ne.. *
SaLKiRK, a borough, of Scotland, .and
the, county-town of Selkirkthire. It has
* ammanusacture of, boots and thoes, and is
featedson the Ettrick,, 30 miles.s. of Edin.
burgh... JLon, 2,46 We lat, 55 26.N.
in SBKIRKSHIRE,, a-cquyty of Scotland,
hounded, on,the N by, Edinburghthire, on
the & by Roxburghfhire,, on, the .s by
‘Dumfriesthire;, and. on the, w. by, Peeble-
thing... 4tiextends from, N, to.s 20. miles,
and, 40,from; B to, Wy, where broadeft,
The principal rivers are the Tweed, Et-
tri¢ky'’ Yarrow, and Gala. . ;
., SBLLR8) a town of, France,. in: the de-
partment of Loir and.Cher-and late pro-
wince, of, Blajfois, with acaftle. It. is
feated, on the Cher,, over which is, a
bridge, 12 miles se of Blois, and, 105
ssw.ofRaris, Lon. 1 368, lat.47 25.
. SBLTZ, a.town of France, in the de-
partment: of. Lowey; Rhine; and. late, pro-
‘wince, of; Alface, feated.on the Rhine, 270
miles, E,0f Paris. Lon, 8 12.8, lat.48
S3No. ° ;
SELTzER NuzepeR, or’ Lower
SELTZER,. 4, village of Germany, 10
miles.from Francfoxt.on the, Maine; cele-
drated, for; a {pring, of mineral, water,
which is exported, in great quantities,
te other, countries.
SEMBNDRIAH,, a town, of ‘Turkey, in
Europe, in Servia,, with,a citadel, feated
onthe Danube, 2¢,miles,sB of Belgrade.
Lop, 23,45 Bo lati 45-0.N.
SEMIGALWIA, the. £,,part.of the.duchy
of Gourland; feparated.by the river Maiza,
from Couriand Proper. Mittau, is. the
“capital, ; ee Gea :
.; SEMINARI,.a town-of Naples, in Ca
Aghia, Ulterioxve, 22, miles, NE of Reg;
gio-, Lon.16 24 By, dut,.38,29N.,., ,
“. SBMINOLAS,, a, divifion, of the, Creek
Indians, which inhabit a fertile count
on, the rivers. Appalachikola. and Flint,
in.the ftate of Georgia, in N America,,
\. SamMLin, a town of Sclavonia, on the
w fide of the Danube and Save, oppofite
and..70, miles, SE, of Ktteck.
Loneas 0.6; Jat, 45:20N.. ‘
SEMPAGH, -a; lake, of Swifferland, in
the canton, of, Lucern, three miles. long
and:one broad, The banks.on cach fide
paren ft owe
SEN
flape gently. to the was of the water, and
and are. checkered with, w
SEMBACH, a town of Swifferland, in
the. canton of Lucern ; celebrated for the
battle which eltablifhed the liberty of the
Swifs, and in which Leopold duke of
Auftria. was. defeated and flain. The
anviyerfary of this battle, which happened
July % 2386) is commemorated with
great. itys,.both at. Sempach and
ucern.. Sempach is feated on a lake of
the fame. name,feven miles Nw.of Lucern,
Lon.:7 578, late47 10N..
SEMUR, a town of France, in the de.
rtment of Cote d'Or and. late province
of Burgundy, with a caftle. It has a
pi hg of cloth, and is feated on
the Armancom, over which are two
bridges, 37 miles N of Autun, and 13¢
se of Paris. Lon.4 198, lat.47 28 N,
SEMUR-; EN-BRIENNOIS,. an ancient
town of France, in the department of
Saone and. Loire and: late province of
Burgundy,. 49 miles Nw. of Lyons, and
175, 8 of Paris. Lon, 4 22 8, lat. 46
14.N. 2
SENEFFE, 2 town of Anfirian Brabant,
four miles s of Nivelle ; famous for a bat.
tle, gained. by the French over; the prince
of Orange, .in1674. *
SENEGAL, a kingdom of Negroland, ‘
feated on:a.river of the fame name, which
overflows like the Nile, and much about;the
fame time of the year.. It is 40 days before
it comes to the height,.when the channel is
difficult to find by thafe who go up it in '
boats. The French once {ent 30,men up
this river, who rowed 1000 miles, under.
going great hardfhips, infomuch . that
only five seturned, back. alive. The king.
dom of Senegal was formerlv confiderable,
but it is now reduced. into a, very. narrow
compas. It is populous.and full of trees,
but, the foil being fandy, they never fow
till the. rainy, feafon: comes.on, in June;
and get. in. their harveft in September.
The French had a fort and factory, in an
ifland at the mouth of the river, and were
intise matters of the gum-trade, It ig
called Fort Louis, was, taken by the Eng-
lih.in 75% and, confirmed to them by
the peace of 1763; but, in 1783, it.was
reftored; to, Fyances Lon. 16 33 w, lat.
tS 53 Ni 8 lk i iA is i i
_ SENBZ, 2; ,Brance, in the.dey
Aps and late pyo-
vince of Provence, feated in a rough. bar:
ren country, 46.mileanz,of Aix, and: 49
NW; of ice. . r ants Jat. 43 59...
SENLIS, ap ancient town. of France,
rare te el
The cathedr
ples in Fran
r hill, on tl
sounded by
of Meaux; :
40k, lat.49
SENNAR;,
a kingdom .
Bia. IJtis
and contain
The houfes
flat roofs ; t
cottages Cov
is fu
dried in the
heap of buil
infupportabl
the rainy fea
and contint
time the: air
modities are
civet, tobac:
a market n
are fold: th
males on an
chants buy
year. The
garments of
on metals ¢
and fingers.
girls, fave
om the v
go almoft n:
quired at Se
hardware, £
with which
eyebrows.
near the riv
their monur
ton’s, créw:
ve of
of Auxerre,
228, lat. 4
Ser aio,
capital of]
grade, Lo
Semamere
SER
The cathedral has one of the higheft ftee-
ples inWrance. It is feated on'the fide of
ahill, on the river Nonette, alnoit fur-
sounded by a large foreft, 20 miles‘nw
of Meaux,; and 27 Nz of Paris; ‘Lona’
408, lat.49 12 N. Fore
SENNAR, a town of Africa, capital of
akingdom of the fame name. : ‘Sve Nu-
Bia. Itis five miles in circumference,
and contains near 100,000 inhabitants.
The houfés are al! one ftory high, with
flat roofs; but the “akurbs contain only
cottages covered wit: reeds. The palace
is furrounded by high walls, of bricks
dried in the fun, but is only a confufed
heap of buildings. ‘The heats are almoft
infupportable in the daytime, except in
the rainy feafon, which = in April,
and continues three mionths, at which
time the air is unwholefome. ‘The com-
modities are elephants teeth, tamarinds,
civet, tobacco, and gold“auft. ‘There is
a market near the palace, where flaves
are fold: the females fit on one fide, the
males on another, and the Egyptian mer-
chants buy great numbers of them every
year. The women of quality have flight
garments of filk, and wear rings of vari-
ous metals on their hair, arms, legs, ears,
and fingers. Women of a low rank, and
girls, have clothes wrapped round them
ro
§°
m the waift to the knees. ‘The men
almoft naked. The merchandife re-
quired at Sennar are fpices, paper, brafs,
hardware, glafs beads, and a black drug,
with which they colour their eyelids and
eyebrows. It is feated on an eminence,
near the river Nile. Lon. 30 o£, lat. r5
4N. .
Sens, an ancient town of France, in
the department of Yonne and late pro-
vince of y» with’ a bifhop’s ite.
The metropolitan church is a handfome
Gothic ftruéture. The dauphin‘and dau-
phinefs, parents of Lewis xvi, were-in-
terred-in this church; and here was latel
their monument, a mafterpiece of Couf-
ton's, créwned’ by two urns united, ex-
preflive of the- unalterable affection’ of
this virtuous pain. It was the laft re-
ueft of the unfortunate monarch, ‘their
fe. to: the National Convention, that his
remains might be’ interred with theirs; 2
requeft which they refufed. Sens is feated
in a fertile: y at’ the confluence of
the Vanne wit&the Yonne, 25 miles N
of Auxerre, amdi6a-gp of Paris. Lon. 3‘
828, lat.48 19807 °°
Serato, a town of Turkey jn ne
capital of Bofnia, hay miles sw of Bel-
grade, Lon. 18 58, lateqg ayn.
SeRAMPOUR, 3 erat Hindoottan
‘donia. “Tt ig divi 1
‘cates; two of which were ceded, in 1718,
SER
Proper,’ itt Bengal, féated on Hoog
River, a imall diftance above Calcutta.
It is'a Danith fettlement, and carries om
a confiderable trade.
SERAVALLE, a town of Italy, in the
duchy of Milan, 24 miles 'N of Genoa.
Lon, 8 76 8, lat. 44 44 N. rm
SERCELLI, a‘ feaport of the kingdom
of ‘Algiers, 2 little to the w of Algiex,
Lon. 2 20 £, lat. 36 son.
Serco, a river of Italy, which has
its fource in the Appennines, in Modena,
It crofles the valley cf Carfagnana, in the
territory of Lucca, and falls into the Tufs
Sea, five miles from the mouth of thé.
0
SERFO, or SERFANTE, an ifland of the
Archipelago, so'miles nw of Naxia. It
is eight miles long and five broad, and
full of mountains and rocks, ig which ar¢
mines of iron ‘and loaditone. The inha-
bitants are all Greeks, ar! have but oné
town, called St. Nicholo, which is @
poor place. Lon. 25 rok, lat.37 19N.
SeRcrIPPY, @ feaport of Brafil, capitag
of a government of the fame name. fe is
feated at the mouth of the Rey, 120 miles
Ne of St. Salvador. Lon. 39 46 w, lat.
31 30N.
' SERINGAPATAM, acity of Hindooftang .
capital of ‘Myfore, fituate in an iffand of
the river Cauvery. The maufsleum of
Hyder’ Ali is one of the moft magnificent
objects in the place: it ts on the s angle
of the ifland, furrounded by a grove of
beautiful cyprefs trees. Gosden Sain is
ftrongly fortified; notwithttanding which,
lord Cornwallis, in 1792, here compelled’
Tippoo Sultan to fign a treaty, by which
he facrificed half of his dominions, and a
vaft fun of money, te the E India Com-
pany and their allies. - It is 290 miles w
y s of Madras. Lon. 76 46 £, ‘lat.13
31 N. ' i.
SERONGE. See Sinonc. *
' SeRPA, a ftrong town of Portugal, in
Alentejo, ‘feared, dn a rugged. eminence,
with a.caftle, three miles from the Guae
diana, and 83 se of Lifbon.’ Lon.7 45
Wiilteverme
‘ SERRES, a towfi of France, ‘th. the dep.
partment of the’ Upper Alps and late pro-
vince of Dauphiny, 15 miles sw of Gap. -
_ SekvrA, a province of Turkey in Du-
rope, 190 miles’ long and 95 -broad i
bounded on the w by the Danube an
Save; which feparate it from Hungary,
on the’ gs: by, Bulgaria, on the Ww by Bof-
nia, and.on the 8 by Albania ahd Mace-
ded into four fangiae
to the Avwftéians, ry reftored
them to
ed
SEV
he Turks, in 1739, by the treaty. of
Bel rade. ‘ The names I them are Tele
ade, Semendriah, Scupia, and Cratowo.
Igrade is the capital. . i
, SERVULO, a caltle of Auftrian Iftria,
feated on a high mountain, four miles
from Triett. Near it ie a famous cavern,
in which the {parry exudations have
formed various figures of blue and white
éctours.
Srssa; an ancient town of Naples, in
Torva di‘ Lavora, with a bifhop’s Jee.
It. was tormerly very confiderable, and is
se miles n of Naples. Lon.14 19 £,
at. 41 20N.
Sesti-pi PINENTE, a town of Italy,
in the territory of Genoa, five miles w
of Genoa. Lon. 8 36 £, lat.44 24.N.
Sesro, a town of Italy, in the Mila-
Hele, feated on the Tefin, where it iflues
from the lake Maggio.e, 25 miles wNW
of Milan. ;
Sestos, a ftrong caftle of Turkey in
Europe, in Romania, feated on the {trait
ef Gallipoli. See DARDANELLES.
* Sesirri-p1-LEVANTE, an ancient town
of Italy, in the territcry of Genoa, 30
miles w of Genoa. Lon.g 28 £, lat. 44
23N.
SE-TCHUEN, a province of Ching,
Bounded on the n by Chen-fi, on the £
by Hou-quang, on the s by Koei-tcheou,
and on the w by Thibet. It is watered
by the great river Yang-tfe-kiang, and
is rich, not only on account of the great
quantity of filk it produces, but its mines
of isgn, tin, and lead, as well as its
amber, fugar-canes, and lapis lazuli. It
flikewife abounds in mulk, rhubarb, &c.
Tching-tou-fou is the capital.
' Ssttme, a town of Piedmont, feated
4n the Po, eight miles n of Turia. Lon.
7478; lategagt4u.
“. Setings. See AxwENS. f
SeTLece, a river Of Hindooftan Pro-
) obi eaftérly of the five eaftern
» the.
Prenches of the Indus. About midway Sat
- between its fource and the Indus, it. re-
ceives the Beyah, and joins the Indus a
Breast way to the § of Moultan,
SETTLE, a town in the w riding of
Yorkthire, with a market on Tueiday,
It is feated on the Ribble, over which is
a bridge, 28 miles & by N of Lancaiter,
fink 235 KNW of London. Lon.2 15 Ww,
at. $4 ON.
Seven Iscanps, iflands to that num-
ber, in the Frozen Ocean, lying in lon,
8 48 8, lat. 80 31 N. Among thele
iflands captain Phipps, with the Race-
horfe and Carceds, wete furrqunded by
We ice, from the g2ff of yvly tythe roth
SEV
of Augut 1773, when a britk wind at
NNE effeSted their deliverance.
SEVE“OAKS, a town in Kent, with a
market un Saturday. It obtained its
name from feven large oaks which were
near it when it was firft built. Here is
an hofpital for the maintenance of aged
le, with a freefchool, firft erefted by
re illiam Sevenoaks, lord mayor of
London in 1418, who is faid to have been
a foundling, charitably educated bya per-
fon of this town. Queen Elifabeth hay.
ing augmented the revenues of the {chool,
it was called Queen Elifabeth's School;
and the whole was rebuilt of ftone ig
1727. Near this town is Knole, an an-
cient palace of the fee of Canterbury,
which archbifhop Cranmer exchanged with
the crown for other 8, and queen
Elifabeth gave to Thomas lord Buck.
hurft, afterward earl of Dorfet, from
whoin it defcended to the prelent duke of
Dorfet. In 1450, the rebel John Cade
defeated the royal army near this town
It is fix miles Nw of Tunbridge, and 23
SSE of London. Lon. 18 8, lat. 51
IQN.
SEvER, ST. a town of France, in the
department of Landes and late province
of Marian, feated on the Adour, 20 miles
E of Dax, and 65 8 by & of Bourdeaux,
Lon. o 35 wy Jat.43 45.
_SEVERINO, ST. a fortified town of
Rapier, in Calabria Citeriore, with an
archbifhop’s fee. It is feated on. a craggy
rock, on the river Necto, eight miles
from the. fea, and 45 SE of Roflano. Lon,
17 148, lat. 39 15 N..
.SEVERINO, ST. a town of Italy, in -
the marquifate of Ancona, with.a bifhop's
fee. It has fine yineyards, and is feated
hetween two hills; on the. river Petenzz,
fix.miles nw of Tolentino, Lon. 13 62,
lat.43 16N.
SEVERINO, ST.,a town of Naples, in
Principato Citeriore, {eated on the river
; pevain, a river, which siles in the
Pio m Plynlimmon, . in Phas
‘lowing firft acrois Mongomeryhhire, it
then enters Shropthire lose tm Brythen
Hills, juft at its confluence with the Vyr-
new, or Wirnew. It is navigable in its
whole cour/e through this county, and
‘entaeing Woreefterthire, runs through its
.
whole length, into’Gloucefterthire, In
its courte it waters:Llanydlos, Newton,
Welthpool, Shrewfbury,
Bewdley, Worcetter, Upton, ‘Tewket
bury, and Gloucefter; and entering the
fea, its mouth is called the Beiftol
Channel... This. river, has a comunupi-
Bridgenorth,
ation with tl
| THAMES.
SEVERN,
éxtenfive vale
borders ‘both
SEVERND!
dooftan Prop
Here was a f
Angria the
by commodg
SHOOTER’S
SEVERO,
tanata, with
plain, 75 m.
448, lat. 4x
*SEVERUS’
Graham's D
It is a work
be done by ¢
bears, to prev
and Scots.
frith of Fort
gow, and ra
ending at Ki
SEVILLE,
city of Spait
a bifhop's fe
dalquiver, a
fan Madric
many inhabit
and fortified
by high tow
aqueduct, ft
length. ‘Th
Spain: the ft
hip, and ¢}
three towers
galleries and
that of St.
adorned with
in'the midft
The univerfi
and. the: pro
The toyal }
artly built
dors, and
king Pedro;
flanked by
with ftones,
oe
uilding of t
100 feet in ke
The townhor
bumber of f
SEV
tation with the Thames by acanal. See
| THAMES.
SEVERN, VALE OF, @ fpacious and
“@tenfive vale in Gloucefterthire, which
porders ‘both fides of the river Severn, and
whofe fertile paftures furnith that cheete
‘for which the county is fo famous. In
this vale the air is very mild, even in
winter: /See EVESHAM, VALE OF.
SEVERN, a river of the United States,
in Maryland, which waters Annapolis,
and enters by a broad mouth into Chela-
peak Bay.
SEVERNDROOG, an ifland cf. Hin-
dooftan Proper, 60 miles s of Bombay,
Here was a ftrong fort that belonged to
Angria the pirdte, which was taken
by commodore James, in 1756. Sce
SHOOTER’S HILL.
SEVERO, a town of Naples, in Capi-
tavata, with a bifhop's fee, feated in a
plain, 75 mes NE of Napls. Lon. 19
44, lat. qx 40N.
‘Severus’ WALL, commonly called
Graham's Dike, im the w of Scotland.
It is a work of the Romans, {tuppo‘ed to
be done by the emperor whofe naime it
bears, to prevent the incurfiuns of the Piéts
and Scots. It began at Abercorn, on the
frith of Forth,. four miles Ne of Linlith-
gow, and ran w to the frith of Clyde,
ending at Kirkpatrick, near Dumbarton.
SEVILLE, an ancient and confiderable
city of Spain, capital of Andalufia, and
abihop’s fee. It is feated'on the Gua-
dalquiver, and takes up more ground
than Madrid, although it has not fo
many inhabitants. It is of a round form,
and fortified with ftrong walls, flanked
by high towers. The Moors built an
aqueduct, {till to be feen, fix miles in
length. ‘The cathedral is the largeit in
Spain: the fteeple is of curious workman-
hip, and extremely high, confifting of
three ‘towers, one above another, with
galleries and balconies. Of the convents,
that of St.- Francis is the moft curious,
adorned with a handiome public’ {quare,
in'the midft of which is a. fine fountain.
The univerfity confitts of many colleges ;
and. the proteffors enjoy rich penfons,
The royal palace, called Alcazar, was
artly built after the ee by the
dors, and partly in the modern tafte b
king Pedro; it is a mile in extent, and
flanked by large fquare towers, built
with-ftones, taken from the ancient tem-
le of-Hercules. The exchange is a fquare
uilding of the Tulcan order, each front
100 feet in length, and’ three ftories high.
The townhowle i¢ adorned ‘with a great
tumber of ftatues, ‘and*‘there is a Linge
SHA
fquare before it, with a fine fountain ia
the middle. . There are 320 hoipitals
richly endowed, The fuburb ‘ands on
the other fide of the river, over which
is a long bridge of boats, In this fuburb
the houle of the Inquifition is placed ; and
there are public walks, where moft of the
inhabitants go to take the air, The
fituation of Seville, renders it one of the
moft commercial towns of Spain, All.
the trade of that kingdom with the New
World. centered omginally in its, port.
Formerly the galleons and the flota took
their annual departure hence; but the
port of Cadiz having been, found more
commodious, they have failed from that
place fince 1720, Such. vaft. employment
did the American trade give at one
period, that in Seville alone there were
no fewer than 16,000 looms in filk or
woollen work, and 130,000 perfons were
employed in thefe manufastures; but,
before the end of the reign of Philip iu,
the looms of Seville were reduced. to 400.
The country about it is extremely fertile
in corm, wine, &c. and there is abun-
- dance of oil; for to the w of the riyer is
a grove of olive-trees, 30 miles in length.
Seville is 45 miles from the Atlantic
112 w of Granada, and 212 s by w of
Madrid, Lon, §.22 W, lat.37 32N.
Sevres, Two, a departmen’ of
France, including part of the late pro-
vince of Poitou. It is io named trom
two rivers, one of which flows w by St.
Maxiert and Niort, into the bay of Bife,
cay, ‘oppofite the ifle of Rhé, and the
other takes a NW direttion, paffes hy
Cliffon, and enters the river Loire, oppo-
fite Nantes.--St. Maixent is the capital.
SEWALICK, Mount, a chain of
mountains that borders on’the level coyn-
try, on the N of the province of Delhi;
in Hindooftan Proper. At Hurdwar, the
Ganges forces its way through this ridge
into the plains of Hindooftan.
SzysseL, a town of France, in. the
department of Ain and late province of
Breffe. It is divided by the Rhone,
which here begins to be navigable, into
two parts; of which the eaftern was
ceded ‘to the king of Sardinia, by the
treaty of Turin, in.1760, It is 14
miles we of Belley. Lon. 7 458) lat.46.
6N. +s
SEZANNE, a town of France, in: the
department OF Mame and late province of,
Champagne, featdd on a little river, ag
miles NW' of "Troyes, and '6 5 sz Of Parigg
Lon. 4108, lat.48 aN. +
SHarTsBuRY, a Wrough in Dorkete -
fre, ‘with a sal On Saturday. ‘Ieig
m2
a |
=
SHE
feated on a hill, where water is fo {carce,
that the poor get a living, by fetching it
from a: great diftance ; but it enjoys a
ferene wholefome air, and has a fine’ prof-
pects It fends: two members to parlia-
ment, ic governed by a mayor, and had
formerly 10: parith churches, which are
now-reduced to three. It is 25 miles
NNE of Dorchefter, and ro2z w by s of
London. Lon. 2 20 w, lat. 51 oN,
‘ “SHam. See Damascus.
*" SHANNON, the largeft river of Ireland,
which’ iffues from
4ounty of Eeitrim, and running $ divides
the provinces of Leinfter and Connaught ;
it. then turns sw, ‘pafles by the city of
Limerick, and falls into the Atlantic
Ocean, between the counties of Clare and
Limerick. : ay a
SHAP, a village in’ Weitmor'land, at the
fourcé of the Loder, between Orton and
Penrith. It had once’a famous abbey,
built in’ 1119; but it is now of little
note, except for fome geat ftones, like
pyramids, placed almoft in 2 direst line,
fora mile together, at eight, ten, and
twelve yards diftance, of fuch immente
weight, that carriages now in ufe could
not fupport them. The abbey ftood
about’ a mile w from the church, of
which little remains, except the tower at
the w end of the deftroyed: church, and
the ruins of an old bridge.
SHAPPINSHA, one of the Orkney
Hlands, lying ne of Mainland.
- SHEERNESS, a fort in Kent, feated on
the N-point of the ‘ifle of Shepey, at the
principal mouth of the Medway, three
miles N of Queenborough. It was built
by Charles’ 11, dfter the infult of the
Datch, who burnt the men of war at
Chatham. “The buildings belonging to
it, in which the officers lodge, make a
little‘neat town, and there is alfo.a yard,
a dock, and a chapel. Lon. o 48, Jat.
sa 28K. * ;
SHEFFIELD, ‘a large and populous
town in the w riding of Yorkthire,, with
avmiarket oa Tuefday. It has been long
eclebrated for its various hardware manu-
faéturés, which confit particularly of
eutlery ware, plated goods, and buttons.
Hire are alfo ‘lead works and.a filk mill.
It‘is-feated on the Don, whieh is naviga-.
ble within two of three miles of the town,
and its neighbaurhond abqunds with coal.
It-has'two large churches, and 8 (pasion,
jarRet-place, furnifhed with neat. fhops
for biitshers, &c.,. It is gq mile? ssw.
of York, and‘167, NNw of London. Lor.
Le ' lat. 43 20.N. ip oe dt 4 aga te
EAs coe, & town: in, Bedforditiires
: & it wa
ough Allen, ‘in the -
It wa
SHE
with a market on Friday, feated betweep
two rivulets, which unite their ftreams
below the town, and fall into the Oufe,
It is eight miles sz of Bedford, and 4;
N by w of London. Lon.o 2:w, lar,
52 8N-
SHEFNAL, a town in Shrophhire, with
a market on Friday, nine miles ng of
Bridgenorth, sand 136 NW of London,
Lon. 2 22 Wy lat. 52 42 N.
SHEILDS, SouTH and NorrTu, two
feaports, one in the county of Durham,
and the other in Northumberland; re.
markable for being the mart where thips
take in their loading of coal, and where
they make large quantities of falt. The
are feated onyeach fide-of the Tyne, 10
miles & of Newcaftle, Lon. 1 12 w,
lat. 55 4.N.
SHELBURNE, a flourifhing town of N
America, in Nova Scotia. It is fituate
at Port Rofeway, and extends two miles
on the water bile, and one mile back.
ward, with wide ftreets crofling each other
at right angles. The harbour is deep,
capacious, and fecure. About a mile
from Shelburne, and feparated from it by
a finall river, is the Black Town, con-
taining about 1200 free: blacks, that
ferved on the royal fide during the late
war. Shelburne is 100 miles sw of
Halifax. Lon. 65 ow, lat. 43 46N,
' SHEPHERD'S Isugs, a clutter of ifl.nds,
part of the New Hebrides, in the Pacific
Ocean, to the s of Malicollo. Lon. 163
42 EB, lat. 16. 58s. } ;
SHEPEY, an ifland of Kent, at the
mouth of the Thames, feparated from the
mainland by a branch of, the Medway,
called the Eaft Swale. It yields plenty of
corn, and feeds numerous flocks of theep.
It contains the burough of Queenborough
and the fort of Sheernefs. .
SHEPPERTON, a village in Middlefex,
feated on the Thames, four miles 9sz of
Staines, It.is much reforted to by the
lovers of angling, and near it, part of a
Roman camp js ftill vifible. .
' SHEPTON. MALLET, a town in Somer-
fetthire, with a market. on.Friday, and a
confiderable manufaéture of fecond cloths, |
the principal material of which is fine
Englifh wool.. It. is feated under Men-
dip Hills, 17. miles sw of Bath, and |
t 14 W of London... Lon. 2 30 w,‘hat. 5s
N, eee
witha marketen T.
§, formerly, a,.bifbop’s fee, and had
three churches, .though..pow but one, ©
wai » and ip, it are |
whic wae, the’ gat rhe en ;
“SHRRRORN,, a town: in Dorkethir,
iday.and. Saturday. |
Ethelbert. I
mins. He
Sout Ti H
mills 3 a
which 5! ¢ont
miles N w
by 8 of Lo
54 Ne ;
SHERBOR
Yorkfhire,
feated on a
the Oufe, 14
w by w of
53.49 N-
SHERBORG
feated at the t
It belongs to
sz of Sierra
Maflachufets
Botton; Lo:
SHERIFF-!
between the
Mountains ;
decifive batt
royal arm
the earl of N
SHETLAN
40 iflands, }
nefsfhire, in
61 It N lat,
are Mainlan
Thule.
largeft, or !
reader to for
as the partic
tants, é&c. 2
ORCADES,
for them. ¢
ous particul
or Merry D:
thefe iflands
tendants of
great reliefs
winter nigh
at twilight,
colour, app
continuing
without any
they break
lights prez
ing flowly
fhapes, var
. tints. o
They ofter
and then n
ance, a
amazin
f cater
Orme
_ tints of
SHE
Ethelbert. It had alfo a caftle, now in
ruins. Here is a famous freefchool,
founded by Edward vi; two large filk
mills ; a conduit of excellent water,
which is continually running. It is 16
miles N by w of Dorchefter, and 118 w
by s of London. Lon.2 41 W, lat. 50
4. Ne
SHERBORN, a town in the W riding of
Yorkfhire, with a market on Friday,
feated on a river, which foon falls into
the Oufe, r4 miles sw of York, and 181
x by wof London. Lon.1 15 w, lat.
53.49 N. ona
SHERBOROUGH, a fort of Guinea,
feated at the mouth of Sherborough River.
It belongs to the Englith, and is 100 miles
sz of Sierra Leone. Lon.11 ow, lat. 6
(] N. j
SHERBURNE, the only town in the
ifland of Nantucket, on the coaft of
Maffachufets Bay. It is 80 miles s of
Bolton; Lon. 70 30 W, lat. 41 oN.
SHERIFF-MuIR, a heath in Perththire,
between the Ochils and the Grampian
Mountains; famous for a bloody but un-
decifive battle, in 1715, between the
royal army and the rebel forces under
the earl irs Mar.
SHETLAND, the general name of about
40 iflands, lying.s00 miles NNE of Caith-
nefefhire, in Scotland, between 59 '56 and
61 11 Nlat, The names of the principal
are Mainland, Yell, Unf, and Fula or
Thule. The ccfcription given of the
largeft, or MAINLAND, will enable the
reader to form an idea of the others; and
as the particulars of the climate, inhabi-
tants, é&c. are much the fame as in the
ORcADES, we muft refér to that article
for them; adding, however, fome curi-
ous particulars of the Aurore Boreales,
or Merry Dancers, as they are, called in
thefe iflands. ‘Thefe-are the conftant at-
tendants of clear evenings, , and. prove
great reliefs amid the gloom of the long
winter nights. They commonly appear
at twilight, near; the horizon, of a dun
colour, approaching to yellow, fometimes
continuing in that fate, for feveral hours,
without any apparent motion ; after which
they break out intg eat of frongst
light, Spreading into.columns, and alter-
tte tiooly ihe. ten thoufand’ diferent
thapes, varying their colours from all the
ellow to,the moft qbicure cuffet.
They often cover the whole hemi{pherey
and then make the méft brilliant appear-
ance, ‘Their reget! or a rag ve
amazingly quick; and they aftonith, the
fpestater: with the rapid. pi of their
form. ‘They break out in places where
fio
none were feen before, tkimming brifldly
along the heavens;..are fuddenly extin-
uifhed, and leave behind an uniform
ufky trak., Tris again is brilliantly
illuminated in the fame manner, <ad ‘as
fuddenly left a dull blank. In certain
nights, they aflume the appearance of
vat columns; on-one fide of the deepett
yee, on the other declining away tiil it
comes undiftinguithed from the tky.
They have generally a ftrong tremulous
motion from end to end, which continues
till the whole vanithes. According to
the ftate of the atmofphere, they differ’in
colours: they often aflume the colour of
blood, and make a very dreadful appear-
ance. Shetland, with Orkney, toring
one of the,counties of Scotland,
SHIN, Locn, a lake in the mountains
of Sutherlandfhire, 82 miles in’ circuit.
From this lake .iffues a rapid ftreamj
which flows into the frith ‘of he
SHIPTON, an ancient town in Worcef-
terfhire, though furrounded by Warwick-
thire, with a market on Saturday.” It‘ is
feated on the Stour, 14 miles: w of Ban-
bury, and 83 Nw of London.’ Lon.t
25 Wy, lat. 52 5N. s?
SHITTERTON, a village in Dorfetthire;
in the. parith. of Bere-Regis, near ‘which
is a Roman encampment, of a Jong {quare
form, containing an area of about fever
acres. aE iN M “ ~ 9
SHOALES, IsLes or, in N America,
on the coaft of New Hampthire:' They
lie conveniently for the cod-fitaery, whic
was formerly carried on here to great ‘ad:
vantage; but the inhabitants ‘are- now
few and poor. ah aha
SHOGLE, a town of Syria,‘ feated off
the Afi,» anciently called Orontés, : over
which is-a bridge of 13 arches.) It is 18
miles §-by £ of Antioch, and 45’ sw of
Aleppo. Lon, 96 40 8, lat. 35 20N.
SHOOMSK<, one of the Kurile Iflands,
three, leagnés is: of Cape’ Lopatka, in
Kamtfchatka. Its inhabitants confift of
a mixture of.natives and Kamtichadales.
See KuURILESs °°
SHODTER’s Hitu, a village in Kent,
fituate on a hill fo called; eight miles esz
ef London. The hill affords a very ex-
tenfive profpet, and the Thames makes
a magnificent appearance from it. On
the w part’of this hill is a lofty tower,
erected by lady James, to cominemorate
the reduction, in 1756, of Séverndroog, &
ftrong. fort ia the E Indies, by her huf-
band:;gémmoadore.: James. It is: called
Severntiroog: Cuftle, is of a’ triangular
form, and. contains fome of the armis, o§
naments, &c, taken from the enemye
Mmj
SHR
SHOREHAM, a borough in Suffex, with
a. market on Saturday.’ It fends two’
iuembers to parliament, and is commonly
called New Shoreham, to diftinguith it
from the Old, which lies near it, and is
now of little account. It is seated on an
arm of the fea, which makes it a place of
fome, trade, and many final! veilels are
built here. It is 16 miles Nw of New-
haven, and 56 s by w otf London. Lon.
© 15W, lat. 50 54.N.
SHREWSBURY, a borough in Shrop-
thire, and the capital of that county,
with a market on Wednefday, Thurfday,
and ry, It is feated on a penin-
fula formed by the Severn, over which are
two bridges, and is furrounded by a wall,
with three. gates. Here was formerly a
caltle and abbey, both now in ruins. It
contains five churches, is governed by a
mayor, and fends two members to warlia!
ment. It is the chief mart for a coarfe
kind of woollen cloth, made in hes
rythire, called Welth webs, and forall forts
of Welfh commodities, which are generally
bought.in.a rough {tate at Welfhpool, and
finithed here. It'is alfo famous for its ex-
cellent brawn... In 1283, Edward 1 held a
parliament ere, when the lords. fat in the
caftle, and the commons in a barn. Ano-
ther parliament was held herein 1397, by
Richard 11. Near this town, in 1403,
was fought the battle between Henry 1v
and Henry Percy, nicknamed Hot{pur,
in which thé latter was defeated and flain.
Shrewfbury is 18 miles £ of Welfhpool,
36 w-of Lichfield, and. 160 Nw of -
Lon. 3 41 W, Jat. 52 43.N.
SHREWSBURY, a town of the United
States, in New Jerfey and county of Mon-
mouth, 35 miles sw ot New York.
SHROPSHIRE, or SALOP, a county of
England, 50 miles !ong.and 40 broad;
bounded. on-the nN by Chefhire and a de-
tached pon Flintthire, on the & by
Staffordthire, on the sz. by Worcefter-
hire, on the s by Herefordthire, on the
sw by Radnorthire, and on the w by the
counties of Montgomery and Denbigh.
It lies partly in the diocefe of Lichfeld
and Coventry, and partly in that of Here-
ford; contains 14 hundretls, 16 market-
towns, and 170 parithes; and fends ra
members to parliament. The air is fa-
lubrious, and not very fharp, ex on
the hills. The foil is generally fruitful,
efpecially in,the N and 8 pasts, which
produce ms peney of wheat and barley; but
the s and w being mountainous, ‘are lefs
fertile, yet yield fufficient paftare: for
fheep and cattle. This county abounds
with lead, copper, -iron, limeftone, :free-
¢
S1B
ftone, pipesclay, bitumen, and coal. The.
vincipal rivers are the Severn and the
Tend. The capital is Shrewfbury,
S1aM, 3 kingdom of Afia, bounded on
the n’ by China, on the & by Laos and
Cambodia, on the s by the gulf of Siam,
and on the w by the bay of Bengal and
Pegu. It is 550 miles in length, and
250 in breadth, though in fome placer
not above 56; and is divided into the
Higher and Lower. It is a flat country,
and in the rainy feafon. is overflowed ;
for which reafon mot of the houfes are
built on pillars, and have no communica.
tion for fome months but by boats.
There are mines of gold, filver, tin, and
copper, and plenty of pepper, rice, cot-
ton, aloes, benjamin, and mufk. The.
tame cattle are beeves, buffaloes, and
hogs; the woods abound with elephants,
rhinocerofes, leopards, and tigers; be-
fide which there are large crocodiles, and
ferpents 20 feet long. The inhabitants,
both men and women, go alinott naked ;
but the better fort wear rich garments.
They are well thapéd, have large. fore.
heads, little nofes, handfome mouths,
‘plump lips, and black fp rkling eyes.
The men are of an olive colour, with
little beards; but the women are of a
ftraw complexion, and fome have their
cheeks a little red. The king shows
himielf but once a year to the common
eople. He is proprietor of all the lands
in the country, and keeps a numerous
army, among which are 1000 elephants.,
Though pagans,’ they have fome ideas
of integrity and ‘benevolence; for they
think hat doing good bath to men and
Leaits is the principal part of their duty.
Their temples and priefts are very nu-
merous: the latter are diftinguifhed from
the laity by an orange-coloured garment,
and they keep their heads, beards, and
eyehrows, ole fhaved. They have
fchools for the education. of their child-
ren, and there is farce any ameng them
but what can read and write.
Siam, a city, capital of a kingdom of
the fame name, in Afia. It is feated on
the Menan, near its mouth in the gulf of
Siam, 400 miles sz of Pegu. Lon. 101
208, lat. 14 20N.
Stara, a town of Brafil, capital of a
eaptainthip of the fare name, which lies
between thofe of Maragnan and Rio-
Grande, on the n coaft. In the neigh-
bourhood is a fort, on a mountain, near
the river Siara. Lon. 99 35W, lat. 3
15 8.
SiBgRra, @ country, ‘comprehending
the moft northern part of the Ruffian em-
their merch
cipal rivers
Yenifei, a
Siberia is |
vernments
z part in
Siberia is t
well as. pe
the court;
Ruffia.
SICHEM
SiC
in Afis. It is bounded on the £ by
the: Eaftern Ocean, on the s by Great.
Tartary, on the w by Ruflia, and on
the by the Frozen Ocean. It extends
en gto bm bn w
tos. s is fertile, ucin
all the necelfartes of life; but the Nn “rm
js extremely cold, almolt uncultivated,
and thin of peont « The prineipal riches
of Siberia c in ‘fine fkins and furs.
The inhabitants are of three forts, pa-
» of the natives of the country ;
Fiahomnetan ; and Ruffians. The former
d@ell: in forefts in the winter, and in the
fummer on the hanks of rivers. Their
garments are the fkins of wild beafts, and
their riches confift in bows, arrows; a
knife, and a kettle. st make ule of
raindeer and dogs, in of horfes, to
draw their fledges. They: have feveral
idols, which they are fometimes di{plealed
with, and will either beat or burn them. :
They all live in wretched huts, which
they remove from place to place. | Thote
in the fouthern parts are not much more
polite; but they have hories: with which
they go a hunting, and their houfes,
though poor, are not thiited from place
to place. Nor ave the Mahometan Tar-
tars, who dwell in thefe parts, fo ugly as
in other places.. The Ruifians icttled
here are,-much the fame as in their native
country. Through this vait tract the
Ruffian caravans travel every year, with
their merchandile, to China. ‘The prin-
cipal rivers are the Oby, Lena, Irtyth,
Yenifei, and Okota. The w part of
Siberia is compriled in the Ruihan go-
vernments of Tobolfk and Kolyvan; the
E part in the government of Irkutzk.
Siberia is the place to which criminals,.as
well as perfons under the difpleafure of
the court, are-commonly baniflied from
Ruffia, Tobolfk is the capital.
SichEM, a town'of Auftrian Brabant,
to the s of which is a‘ celebrated monat-
tery. - It is feated on the Demer, 18 miles
Eof Mechlin. Lon. 5 o8, lat. 51 6N.
SiciLy, an ifland of the Mediterranean
Sea, almoft in the form of a triangle, ter-
minatirig in three points or capes: that
which is neareft Italy is called Capo'del
Faro; that which reuat the Morea, Ca-
po Pafleras and the third, which points to
Africa, Capodi Boco. Sicily is feparated
from the m of Naples, by a narrow
ftrajt, called the Faro; but as Meffina is
feated on it, it is called the Faro di Meffi-
na, The two kingdoms of Naples and
Sicily are under the {ame climate, and the
pfoduétions are much the fame; but Sicily
abounds much more in corp, particularly
S1E°:
im the yallies of Noto and Mazara.’ The
v: of Demona has more foretts’ and’
fruit-trees than the two others. Sicily is
165 miles long and 112 broad, and di-
vided into the vallies juft mentioned,
called Val di Demona, Val di Noto, and
Valdi Mazara. In this ifland the ancient
ractice of treading out corn from the ear,
is in ufe; and here is the celebrated vol-
cano, called Mount Etna. See NAPLES.
SiDare, a ftrong town on the N\coaft
of the ifland of Java, with a ‘harbour,.-
Lon.113:158, lat.6 408. tt
SippincTon, a village in Gloucefter-
thire, ‘on the river Churn, one mile sz‘ of
Cirencetters’ It has a handfome chapel,
an unfinifhec’ tower, and fome painted
glais. }
SIDEROCAPSA, a town of Turkey in
Europe, in Macedonia, famous for a gold ’
mine in iis neighbourhood. It is five
miles from the gulf of Contefla, Lon. 13.
448, lat.40 30N,° © : Brier
SipMouTH, a fifhing town in Devon-
fhire, once a confiderable feaport, before
its harbour was choked up. It is 1a °
miles sz of Exeter, and 158 w. by s of”
London. Lom 315 W, lat. 50°38".
SipoN, or Sax, a feaport of Palef?
tine, anciently a place of great ‘ftreneth,
and extenfive trade. It is ftill-of fomeé
notes has'a gobd ca(tle, and a well fie-’
quented harbour, and is the refidence’ of
a Turkith bathaw. It is 45 miles w of
~Damaicus. Lon. 365 Es Jat. 43 54N.
SipRA, an ifland of the Archipelago,
between the gulf of Napoli and that of
Engia. Lon. 24 08, lat. 37 oN.
Srpra, a fpacious gel on the coaft’
of Barbary, between Tripoli and Barca
which takes its name from a. fmall iftand
at the bottoin of the gulf. we ye
SigG3uRG, a town of Weftphalia,
in the duchy of Berg, fubjett to the elec-
tor palatine. It is feated on the Sieg, :
rg miles sg of Cologne. Lon. 7 22 hy
lat. 50 43N. ;
SIEGEN, a town of Germany, in We.
teravia, with a caftle, and the title of a -
principality, which it gives to a branch
of the houfe of Naflau. It is feated on
the Sieg, 17 miles nw of Dillembugg,
and 37 £ of Cologne. Lon. 8 5 gy Jat,
§0 53N.
SIENNA, a celebrated clty of T'ufeany,
capital of the Siennefe, with an -
bifhop's fee, a univerfity, and a citadel.
It is about four miles in circumference,
and furyounded by a wal]. The Gothic
metropolitan chugch ig built with re
and white marble, and the pavement is of
Mofaic werk, Sienna is not very popy-
Mm 4
SIE
lous; but is adorged with a great number
phgeiacins fountains, and fuperb chusehes.
ie
great area is round, ‘and the houies |
about it are of the fame height, fupported .
by. piazzas, under which, people ma
walk. in all weathers. IJn.the muddle is
bafin, which they can fill with. water ot
any, time, and feprefent a feafight with
fmmall vefflels. The Italian language is
taught herewith fuch purity, that many
foreigners, frequent it on that. account.
It is feated on three eminences, 36 miles
s of Florence, and 105 N by w of Rome.
Lon.as..21 B, lat. 43.24. ,
_Srgnnese, a duchy of Italy, 55 miles’
in angi and aahity, as much in breadth;
bou on the N. by, the Florentino, on
the s by the Mediterranean and the duchy
of. Cafire, on the 8 by the Perugino. and
Opsvietanoy and on the w. by the Floren-
tino by» ips Leer Sea, Mb foil is
retty fertile, efpeciallyin mulberry trecs,
hich feed a area ober of fllewbima,
and, there, are feveral mineral, fprings.
Signna:is the capital.
.S1gRRA Leong, a country on the w
coait of Africa, fo named, according to
fome authors, by the Portyguefe, on ac-
‘count of its mountains on this coaft
abounding with lions. Some extend its
limits from the Grain Coaft on the se, to
Cape Verga or Vega-on the nw ;. that is,
between'7 and 10° N lat. Others, how-
eyer, confine the country between Cape
Verga and Cape Tagrin.
and plain parts,“onthe banks. of a river
of the fame name, the heat of the fun,
before any: breeze’ avifes, is almoft. in-
tolerable; but ag. a yefrefhing gale con-
ftantly {prings »p about noom, it renders
the gountry fupportable. The whole
tract, on each fide the river, is rich in rice
and millet, which is the chief fuftenance
of the inhabitants; and, upon the whole,
at is one of the beft countries on the coatt.
SigRRA LEONE, a river of Africa, in
g country of the fame name. _ Its fource
is ‘uncertain; but its mouth, in lon. 12
g0W, Jat. $ 158, is nine miles wide.
In 1793,,.an act of parliament was ob-
tained, incorporating a company, called
the. Sierra, Leone Ganpenys for the pur-
.pofe of cultivating W dudia and other
tropical productions on the banks of this
river. The firft tettlers amounted to 200
white perfons,. belide a number. of free
biacks' from Nova Scotia. The natives
appeared. to be extremely friendly, and a
few, in 1792, had come to work for the
colony. ‘On the fetting in of the rains,
about ‘the la:ter end. of May, the, fame
Year, a degree of ficknels and. mortality
In the open,
SubL:
rains fet in. ‘Phisty-five: white
(of whom 14 were foldiers y
ot. the blacks, ‘died of «this. fickne(s,
The next year, the fetting im of the raing
was pot produétive of. the fame fatal
effects. The colonifts were in ood health,
were all put into pofleflion of {mall lots
of land, and a new town, on a. regular and
extended f{cale, was begun to he built,
Befide the Nova Scotia blacks, \a: Jar
party of the natives were at work for ¢
company, and the. experiments in fugar,
cotton,’ &c. appeared’ to be romilne ’
The native chiets and people continued to
be. extremely friendly ; aad the company’s
{chools were regularly.:attended by 400
children, among: whom were fome . chi:.'.
ren of the natives. In Sept..is794, a
French fquadron deftroyed the fettlement,
and captured several of the ¢ompany's
fhipsj but from this difafter, they have
fince recovered; and. a faétory was efta..
blithed in the Rio Pongos, in 1795,
which. as likely to become the means of a
lucrative trade. ai te 4 TRG
SierRa. Leoxg, or Lion Mouv.:
TAINS, mountains of Africa, which, di,
vide Nigritia from Guinea, and extend as
far as. Abyfiinia. They were: tyled by
the ancients the Mountains, of God; on
account of their being fubje& to thunder
and lightning. ‘
S}ERRA MORENA, mountains of Spain,
which divide Andalufia from Eftrama,
dura and New Caitile.
SiGELMESSA. See SUGELMESSA.
SIGETH, or ZiGaT, a town of Lower
‘Hungary, capital of a couaty of the fame
name. It is feated in a morafs, has a
triple wall, with ditches full of water; and
is defended by a cjtadel. It was retake
from the Turks jn.1669, after it hag
been blocked up two years, It is 59
miles ww of Bifeck,- and. 38 w by s of
Colocza. . Lon. 18 588, lat.46 27 N.
SIGTUNA, an ancient townof Sweden,
in Upland, ‘feated .on:the: Jake Maeler,
between Stockholm and Upfal.. ~
SIGUENZA, a town cf. Spain, in.New
Caftile, with a univerfity, an archbifhop's
fee, and.a caftle, in which is: an arfenal.
The univerfity confitts of feveral colleges ;
but the moft confiderable ftrugture is the
cathedral. Tt is feated’' oma hil), at the
foot of Mount Atienca; 6q miles wx of
Madrid. Lon. 2 41 wy: lat.42 6.N.
4
“" Siugsta, a duchy pf Germany, 274
é ‘
miles long and 100 broad; bounded ‘on
the N by Brandenbuyg and Poland, og
7 oe > 3
ference, ° Th
fiver, but t
fome preciou:
is required t
alfo mites ot
ee ¥ '
mony, faltpe
uickhilver,
faQure i lin
other good
which prod
It. affords v
and. turnips,
inhabitants ;
are almoft a!
mother tong
17 {mall d
exclufive of
greatelt pz
. to the king
treaty of Br
: SILISTR
ure: n
cited, and
feated near
and .Danub
and. 170 NE
By lat. 45 0
SILLEBA
of Sumatrs
103 O€, Is
SILLE-L
town of F
Sarte and Ja
NE of Man
SIMBIRS
formerly a
Kafan.
is feated ©
SIM
the 8. by Moravia and H
3 by Poland, and on the:w by Lower
[nfatia and Bohemia. ‘The principal ri-
vers are, the Oder, Viftula, Neiffe, Bo-
ber, s, O and Elfe. A long
chain of mountains feparates Silefia from
Bohemia: the highett mountain, called
Zotenbe:
ference. ‘There are mines of gold and
fiver, but they are not worked; alfo
fome precious ftones, but too much time
js required to obtain them. There are
alfo mites of lead, copper,.and ‘iron; and
quarries of various ftones, befide anti.’
floats alum, .vitrioly
» The
mony, faltpetre,
quickfilver, &c. principal: manus
faQure is linen cloth;: and there are alfo
fome woollen manufactures, and giais.
houfes: In. this country are a great
number of cattle, large ftuds of horfes;
and plenty of game m the woods. It
has but few lynxes and bears, and fewer
wolves, becaufe a ducat a head is given
for every one that. is killed. There are
many’ laked, full, of pike, carp, and
ps good fith;~ alfo. plenty at’ bees;
which preduce much honey and wax.
It. affords wheat, basley, oats, millet,
and.twnips; fufficient. for the ufe of the
inhabitants ; and in fome places faffron
is cultivated ; but its wine is bad, and
therefore is turned moftly into vinegar.
Sileia is divided, into.the Upper and
Lower. .In the Upper, the inhabitants
are generally Roman catholics, {peaking
the Polish language: in the Lower, they
are almoft all proteftants, and {peak their
mother tongue. It is.alfo divided into
17 {mall duchies, and feven free ftates,
exclufive of the county of Glatz. The
greateft part of this country was ceded
. $0 the king of Pruffia, in 1742, by the
treaty of Breflaw.
SILISTRIA, or DORESTRO, a town of
European Turkey, in Bulgaria, with a
citadel, and an archbifhop’s fee. It is
feated near the confluence of the Miffovo
and Danube, 97 miles NB: of Nicopoli,
and 170 NE of Adrianople: Lon. 27 31
By lati. a5on.
SILLEBAR,. a fea on the w coat
of Sumatra, a little s ef Bencoolen, Lon.
103 98, latug7os. )
SILL8-LE«G UILLAUME, acommercial
town of France, in the department of
Sarte and late province of Maine, 20 miles
NE of Mans.
SIMBIRSK,. a government of . Ruffia,
formerly a province of the ki
Kafin. The capital, of the fame name,
ts feated op che Volga, 00 miles s by
» oni the -w of Kafan. Lon. 48 | 34 8,
is. in ‘che principality of
Schweidnitz, and ie ro miles in circum.»
om of
SIN
int. 6°
22N. ‘
“SiMMEREN, a town of Germany, in
the, circle-of the Lower Rhine, capital of
a-duchy of the fame name, with a caftle.»
It belongs to the eleétor palatine, aad is
feated on the river Simmeren, 16 miles w?
of Mentz, and 35 £ of Triers. - Lon. 7
41 Ey lat. 49: §I'Ne ; / s,
‘Stwon’s, 61. an ifland of N America,’
on the coat of Georgia, fite the:
mouth of the Alatamaha. It is 15 miles
long and four broad; amd has a good
town called Frederica. - v2) Tene
SIMONTHORDA, a ftrong town of
ower »'inthe county of Tolna;.
with:.a caitle...It..was'takén from the
Turks in: 1686, and is, feated on the
Saswige, eight miles from:Tolna, ‘en.’
1836-8, lat.46 4ONe » oO. qrive
_ ‘Stnai,/a mountain of A.abia Petreay
in 0 formed :by the two anns of
the Red Sea. Here the Jaw: was: given’
to Motes, for which ceafon the M ee
tans held: it im great ,veneration; and
here ;the Chriftians: have a monaftegy;
which formerly contained a great number
tle
>
af, monks, and there were many lit
chapels and sells ‘tor hermits. The mo«
naltery is furrounded by a high wall, and
thofe that go in and out, are drawn up
and let down in bafkets. Lon. 34 158,
lat.29 2H. pit | C5
SINCAPOUR, an ifland and town at the
moft jouthern extremity of the peninfula
of Malacca, from which it is parted by
the ftrait of Sincapour. It is 100 miles
SE of the city of Malacca. Lon. 104 10
By lat. 1 10 N.
Sinpg. See Inpus and Tatra.
SinDy, a province of Hindooftan Pro-
pet, bounded on the w by Perfia, on the
N by the territories of the king of Canda-
har, on the ne by thofe of the Seiks, on
the gz sy fandy defert, and on the sz
by Cutch. It extends along the courfe
of the Indus, trom its mouth, to the
frontiers of Moultan, 300 miles ; and its
breadth, in the wideft part, is 160. In
foil and climate, and the general appear-
ance of the furface, it refembles pts
the lower part being compofed of rich
vegetable mould, and extended into a
wide dell ;, while the upper part is a nar-
row flip of country, confined on one fide
by a ridge of mountains, and on the
other by a defert ; the Indus, equal at leat
to the Nile, winding through the mid
of this level valley, and annually overtlow-
ing it.. During great part.of the sw mon-
foon, or at leaft in July, Auguft, and part
of September (thé rainy feafon in moft
SIN
ether parts of India) the stmofphere is
here generally clouded ; but no rain falls,
éucept near the fea. Owing to this, and
the neighbourhood of the fandy deferts,
on the 8 and on the ww, the heats are fo
violent, and the winds from thofe quar-
ters fo pernicious, that the houfes are
contrived fo as to be occafidnally venti-
lated by apertures on the top, retembling
the funnels of fmall chimnies. When
the hot winds prevail, the windows are
clofely thut, by which the hotteft current
of air, near the furface, is excluded ;
end 2 cooler part
de(cends into the houle through the fun-
nels. By this alfo vat clouds-of duft
are excluded; the entrance of which
-would alone be fufficient to render the
houles uninhabitable. The roofs are
compofed of thick layets of earth: inftead
of terraces. Few countries are more un-
wholefome to European conititutions, par-
ticularly the. lower part of the. Dr'ta,
‘The. Hindoos, who were the original
babitants of Sindy, are treated with gr
rigour: by their: Mahometan govern .,
and are not permitted to erect any pa-
gue, or places of worthip; and this
ertry drives. vaft numbers of them into
other countries. ‘ The inland parts of Sin-
dy produce faltpetre, fal-ammoniac, borax,
bezoar, lapis lazuli, and raw filk. ‘The
have alio manufaétures of cotton and fil
of various kinds; and they make fine'ca-
binets, «inlaid with ivory, and finely lac-
uered.. They alfo export great quanti-
tics of butter, clarified’ and wrapt up in
duppas,. made of the hides of cattle. The
ladies wear hoops of ivory, on both their
arms and legs, and when they die, they
are burnt with them.: They have large
black-cattle, excellent:mutton, and {mall
hardy hories. Their wild-game are deer,
hares, antelopes, and foxes, which the
hunt with dogs, leopards, and a final
fierce creature called a thiahguhh. -The
prince of this province is tributary to
the king of Candaher. He refides at
na although Tatta is the ca-
pital, © *
SI-NGAN-FOU, a city of China, ca-
pital of the province of Chen-fi. It is
one of the largeft and moit beautiful in
the empire next to Pekin. In its terri-
tories (which contain fix cities of the
fecond and 31 of the third clafs) bats of
a fingular fpecies are found; they are as
large as domeftic fowls, and the Chinefe
preter their fleth to that of chicken. It
is 480 miles sw of Pekin. Lon. 108 43
Bg, lat. 34 16N.
Sinco, a town of Turkey in Europe,
» becaufe more elevated,
SIP
in Macedonia, on the gulf of Monte
Santo.| Lon. 24 0B; lat.40 23N.
. SINGOR, a town in the poste cf
Malacca, feared at the mouth of a (inaii
river, in the Bay of Patan. Lon. 103
258, lat.6 gon.
SINIGAGLIA, 8 ftrong town of Italy,
in the ‘marquitate of Ancona, with a
caftle, and two harbours. It is feated
at the mouth of the Nigola, in the gulf
of Venice, 17 miles sz of Pefaro, avd
30 BSE Of Urbino. Lon. 13 298, lat.
pe dre a decayed feaport of Turk
se g urke
in Afia, in Natolia, furrounded by walls,
with double ramparis; but the cattle is
much inegleé&ted; The inhabitants are
Turks, who will not admit any Jews,
and the Greeks are obliged to live iti the
fuburbs. It is the birthplace of Dioge.
nes the cynic’ philofopher, and is feated
on the ifthmus of a peninfula, in: the
Black Sea. Lon. 33 552, lat.41 5N.
. SINTZHEIM, a town of Germany, in
the palatinate of the Rhine, feated in a
merafs, 12 miles sz of ‘Heidelberg,
Lon. 9 of, late49 15 N.
S:0N, an ancient town of Swifferland,
capital of the .Vallais, and an epitcopal
fee, whofe bifhop is a prince of the empire,
It is fituate near. ‘the Rhone, at the toot
of three infulated rocks, that rife imme-
diately from the-plains§ The highett,
called Tourbillon, fupports the old-ruin-
ous and deferted epitcopal palace. On
the fecond, denominated Valeria, are the
remains of the old cathedre\|, and a few
houtes belonging to the cancns. On
Mayoria, the third rock, ftands the pre-
fent epifcopal palace, an edifice of ttone,
built in 15473. the apartments furnithed
with great plainnefs and fimplicity. Sion
was tormerly the capital ot the Seduni,
and fome Roman in({criptions {till remain.
lt is 50 miles F of Geneva. Lon.7 128,
lat.46 6N. See VALLAIS. ©
StoN, a famous mountain of Judea,
on the's fide of Jerufalem.
Sr1ouT, -one of the largeft and mok
populous towns in‘ Egypt. It has feveral
mofques, and is the fee of a Cophtic
bithop.’ Here are the ruins-of an ancient
amphitheatre, and fome fepulchres of
‘the Romans. It is furrounded by fine
rdens, and palm trees that bear the
eft dates in
rendezvous of thofe who go in the caravan
to Sennar, in Nubia. It is.amile from
ethe Nile, and 185 8 of Cairo. Lon. 3:
24 Ey lat.27 2N. ey
> SiPHANTO, the ancient Siphnos, one
of the moft fertile and beft cultivated
/
gypt.. This place is the
idands. of €
Paros. Iti
The air is {¢
habitants li
conntry abo
excellent gra
Lon.25'35%
SIRADIA,
ital of a
with a caft]
the river W
and 105 N
fat. §8 32.N
SIRHIND
Proper, int
Tees
Futinian
brought frc
Sirhind is 3
75.3528, la
Sin CH
ifland in th
captain Ca
level, and
20EB, lat.
Sin CH
an ifland i
|
hore. Tt
is 160 mil
lat. 30 59
Strivs
cific Ocea
difcovered
Lon. 162
$1a MIC
vonia, ca
name, wi
on the Bc
sE of Effe
SrRON!
Hindoott:
Malwa, |;
73 4B, kk
Sissac
canton ©
of Sifgow
S18;
idands of the Archipelago, to the w of
Paros. It is 46 miles in. circumference.
The air is fo good, that mrvy of the in-
habitants live to the age of 1203 and the
conntry abounds with marble and granite,
excellent grapes, olives, capers, and filk,
Lon. 25 358, late37 gN.
SIRADLA, a town of Great Poland,
ital of a palatinate of the fame name,
with a caftle, . It is feated in a plain, on
the river Watra 62 wiles ne of Breflaw,
and 105 NW of Cracow. Lon. 18 558,
fat. §3 32N.
SIRHIND, anancient city of Hindooftan
Proper, in the province of Delhi. Proco-
ius takes notice, that, in the time of
Fuftinian (the fixth century) filk ‘was
brought from Seriada, a country in India.
Sirhind is 195 miles Nw-of Delhi. Lon.
75 35B, lat. 30 35N. .
Sin CHARLES Hardy's ISLAND, an
ifland in the Pacific Ocean, difcovered by
captain Carteret in 1767. It is low,
level, and covered with wood. Lon. 154
20B, lat.4 4138. .
Sin (CHARLES SAUNDERS’ ISLAND,
an ifland in the PacificOcean, difcovered
by captain: Wallis in 1767... It is about
fix miles from £ to w; and the natives
appeared. to live in a wretched manner.
on. 153 4W, lat.17 285.
SIRIK, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Molelle and late province of
Lorrain, with a caftle, on a neighbouring
hill. It is feated on the Mofelle, 25
miles N of Metz. Lone 6 48 By lat. 49
35.N. '
SIRINAGUR, a large ru countr
of Afia, between He Prone aaa
Thibet. It is bounded on the Nn and
ne by the Thibetian mountains, on the
8E by Napaul, on the s by Rohilla, on
the sw by Delhi, and onthe nw by La-
hore. The capital, of the fame name,
is 160 miles N of Delhi. Lon. 77 38 8,
lat. 30 59 N.
Strivs IsLAND, an ifland of the Pa-
cific Ocean, about 18. miles in circuit,
difcovered by lieutenant Bail, in. 1790.
Lon. 162 308, lat.10 528.
SinMICH, a celebrated town of Scla-
vonia, capital of a county of the fame
name, with a bithop’s fee. It is feated,
on the Bofweth, near the Save, 42 miled
sE of Effeck. Lon. 20 19.8, lat.45 13 N.
S:monc, ‘or. SERONGE, a town of
Hindooitan Proper, in the province of
Malwa, 120.miles Ng of Ougein. .Lon.
78 4k, lat.ag gn.
Sissac, a town of Swifferland, in the
canton of Bafil, capital of the province
of Sifgow. Is ie 17 miles sz of Bail.
SKE
‘Stsseo, a town of Aultrion Croatia,
with a monaftery, feated on the Save, 28°
miles sg of Zagrad, and 42 & of Cass
ftadt.. Lon. 16 17 B, lat. 46 6N.
‘StssOPOLt, a town of Turkey in Ex-
rope, in Romania,-with an archbithop’s
fee, Itis thin of people, and feated o@
a peniniula of the Black Seay 25 miles 8
of Metembria, and 97 nw of Conftanti-
nople. Lon. 28 9 €, dat. 43 308.
SISTERON, @ town and late epifcdpal
fee of France, in the department of the
Lower Alps and late province of Pro-
vence. Ie is featcd * the Durance, at
the foot of a rock, on the top of which ie
a citadel, that was che prifon of Cafimir v,
king of Poland. It is 45 mies ng of
Aix, and 407 se of ‘Paris, Lon.6 28)
lat. 44011 Ne
SisTON, a. vil in Gloucefterhhire,
feven miles £ of Briftol, on a sivulet.
which rifes here, and runs into the Avon.
It has a manufacture of bra{s, and another
of {altpetre; and tinore has been found here.
Sirsa, a town on the WN coalt.of the
ifle of Candia, near a bay of the fame
name, 58 miles from Candia. Lon. 26
29 E, lat. 35 ON. > ‘
SITTARD, a town of Weftphalia, fa
ithe duchy of Juliers, fezted near the
Maefe, 10 miles s of Ruremonde.. Lon.
§ SOE, lat. 50 58 N.
SITTINGBURN, a {mall corporate town
in Kent, 15 miles wnw of Canterbury,
and 40 £38 of London. Lon. 48 £, lat.
5t 19 Ne :
SivRal, a town of France, in the de-
artment of Vienne and late province of:
oitou, feated on the Charente, 25 miles
s of Poitiers, and 100 ssw of Paris.
Lon. o 23£, lat. 46 16N.
SizuN, a {mall ifland of France, on:
the coaft of Bretagne, eight miles. from
the mainland. It is almoft on a level
with the water, and produces only barley.
SKARA, a town of Sweden, in W
Gothliand, with the ruins of an ancient
pelases the refidenee of the Gorhie kings.
t is feated: on the’ Lida, in a mora(s, 19:
miles NE of Falkoping. Lon. 14 o8,
lat. 58 16N.
SKEEN, a town of Norway, in the go-
vernment of Aygerhuys, remarkable for
its mines of iron and copper. It id feated
near the Categate, 40 miles w of Frede~
ricadt.
SKENECTADAY, a town of the United
States, in the ftate of New York. The
French and Indians furprifed and maf-
facred the inhabitants, in 1690. It is
feated on the Mohawk River 16 miles
ww of Albany.
SLA
Sx1pDAwW, a mountain in Cumberland,
ete of the moft remarkable in England,
ing above sooo yards perpendicular
-height from the furface of the lake of
‘Derwent-water, to the n of which it is
fnuate.. Here ‘eagles and other birds of
prey refort. This mountain is not diffi-
cult of :accefs, and is almoft covered with.
rafs, which: graduall ws coarfer in
the afcent. The Sale 20p is covered
with a loofe brown flaty ftone.
SK1PTON, a town in the w riding of
Yorkthire, with a market on Saturday.
It is feated among hills, near the river
Aire, 41 miles s by & of Richinond, and
231.N by w af London, Lon.2 42 w,
lat. 53 55 Ns
SxoweE. . See Schowen.
SKYE, an ifland of Scotland, ‘one of
the largeft of the. Hebrides.. It ‘is’ 50
miles long, and, in fome places; above
20 broad. The se end is feparated from
Invernefsthire (to which it belongs) by
a narrow chamel, called the Inner Sound ;
in the moft narrow part of which, named
the Kyle, cattle are made to {wim acrofe.
This fide of the ifland {wells gradually
from the -fhore, jn a verdant flope, over
which are feen the naked hills of Strath ;
and above thefe rifes the rugged top of
Cullin or Cuchullin. On the sw are feen
a feries of rude mountains, difcoloured
black .and red, as:by the rage of fire;
and on the Ea long extent of Alpine hills.
There is, notwithftanding, a great pro-
portion of level ground, with excellent
patturage; and it has numbers of deer
and difterent kinds of game. It abounds
with limeitone, marble; &c. but the
bafaltic columns, refembling the Giant's
Caufeway in Ireland. are‘its greateft cu-
riofity. .A cave, at the E end of the
i afforded an afylum, in 1746,
tp the difappointed pretender, and his
faithful Goides for two nights. Many
thoufands of black-cattle are annually ex-
rted hence. Some fmall horfes are
red, and’ a great quantity of kelp is
’ gnanufastured here. Portree is the chief
place.
SLAGUEN, a town cf Germany, in
Pruflian Pomerania, feated on the Wip-
per, 10 miles x by s of Rugenwald. ”
SLANEY, a decayed town of Bohemia,
with a caftle, 18 miles yw of Prague.
Lon, 18 278, lat. §0 16 N. :
. Spare, a diftri&t of ihe ifland of Skye,
cne of the Hebrides of Scotland. It is
on the sg fide of the ifland, and is a pe-
ninfula, terminating in a rugged proman-
ary, called the Point of Slate.
SLAWKAW, oF AUSTERLIT2, a town
SLU
of Moravia, capital of a circle of the
fame name. It is 10 miles £& of Brinn,
Lon. 16 578, lat.49 5N.
SLEAFORD, a populous town in Lin.
colnhire, with a market on Monday,
I¢ had formerly a caftle, now in ruins,
and has a large market-place, in the form
of a parallelogram. It is feated in a
valley, on a rapid rivulet, 18 miles § of
Lincoln, and:11§'N of London. Loh.e¢
21 Wy, lat. §3 1N:
SLEswick; or NORTH JUTLAND, a
‘duchy of Denmark, feparated from Hol-
ftein, by the river’ Eyder. It is 100
miles long and 60. broad, and a fertile
and populous country.
SLESWICK, an ancient and confider-
able town of Denmark, capital of a duchy
of the fame name. It is-an irregular town
of great length. The houfes are of brick,
and. like ali the other towns in this coun.
try, refemble thofe of Holland. The
inhabitants drefe alfo like the Dutch; and
many of them fpeak their tongue, though
the ufual languages are the German and
Danifh. Near to Slefwick, is the old
ducal palace: fee GorTorp. Slefwick
is fituate near the bottom af an arm of
the Baltic, called the Sley, 60 miles nw
of Lubec, and’ 125 sw of Copenhagen,
Lon. 10 o£, lat.'54 39 .N.
SLIGO, acounty of Ireland, in the pro-
vince of Connaught, 25 miles long and
nearly as much broad; bounded on the &
by Leitrim, on the sz by Rofcommon,
on the sw and w by Mayo, and on the
N by the Atlantic. It contains 41
arithes, and fends four members to par-
iament.
SLIGO, a borough of Ireland, in 3
county of the fame-name,'and the only
market town init. ‘It is feated on the
bay of Sligo,’ 26 miles & of Killala, and
100 Nw of Dublin. Lon.8 26 w, lat.
54 13N. yc sei
SLIMBRIDGE, a village in Gloucefter-
fhire, 11 miles sw of Gloucefter. In
this parifh, whjch is'20 miles in compafs,
1000 acres.of land have been gained from
the Severn.
SLONIM, a town of Lithuania, in the
palatinate of Novogrodeck, with a caftle.
It is feated on the Sezraa, 40 miles sw
of Novagrodeck, and 60 8& of Grodno,
Lon. 23 578, laty 54 of, -
SLOOTEN, or SLOTEN, a populous
town of the United Provinces, in Frief-
land, feated on a lake called Slooten-mere,
three miles from the Zuider-Zet, and’ 18
nw of Steenwick. Lon. 5 268, lat. 52
gN.
SLVCZR; a, opulous town of Lithuania;
capital ¢
Here Co
three bai
reign of
river S
_the
rinn,
Lin.
day,
ins,
form
in a
8 of
on. @
Dy a
Hol.
| Yoo
ertile
fider.
luchy
town
prick,
0 un.
The
SMO
three battles over the Tartars, in the
‘reign of Sigifmund 1, It is feated on the
river Sluczk, 70 miles, se of Novogro-
deck. Lon.27 44.E: lati 53 2N. :
SLUTTELBURG, « town of Ruffia, in
the government of Pererfburgh, feared
on the s fide of the lake Ladoga, 30 miles
x of Peterfburgh. Lan..32 20.8, lat.60
oN.
Stvys, a town of Dutch Flanders,
oppofite the ifland of Cadiand, with a good
harbour. It has its mame from its fine
fluices, by which, the whole country can
be laid under water. It was talen by: the
Spaniards in 1587; retaken by the Dutch
in 1604, and .takez by the Preach in
1794. It is ro miles Nof Bruges. Lon.
3258, lat. §1 1g N
SMALKALD,.a town of Franconia, in
the county of Henneherg, fubjeét to the
landgrave of Hefie-Cailel. It is famous
for the league entered into by the pro-
teftants,, againft the emperor, in 1539, to
defend their religion and liberties. It is
feated, on the Werra, 25 miles sw of
Erfurt, and 50 Nw of Bamberg. Lon. 10
532» lat. 50 49N., :
SMARDEN, a town in Kent, with a
market. on Friday; 10 miles 8sE of Maid-
ftone, and 56 se of London. Lon.o 43
g, lat. st 11 N.
SmiTnH’s IsLAND, an ifland in che
Pacific Ocean, difcovered: by ‘lieutenant
Ball, in 1790. Lon. 162 548, lat.g
Ss.
Ee aio a town of the United
States, in \rginia, feated on James .
River.
SMOLAND, a province of Gothland,
in Sweden, 112 miles long and 62.broad.
It has immenfe forefts of pine and fir;
and the approach to the villages is an.
nounced. by groves of oak, beech,. and
birch, and numerous plots or parterses of
arable land ameng paftures and roeks.
An acre of land has been frequently ob-
ferved to be laid out with alternate flips
of rye, barley, flax, and hemp; the in-
tervals between and around, iown: with
grafs. In many parts, the trees are cut
down, and burnt:in onder to manuse the
foil. Calmar is the capital.
SMOLENSKO, a duchy of Ruffia, on
the frontiers of Lithuania. After having
been an abjeét of -ontention, and recipro-
cally ‘poffeffed: by Polanc and Ruffia, it
was. conquered: by Alexay Michaelovitch
in 16545 andcesded to Ruffia by the peace
of Mofcow in: 1666. It now forms one
ef the 42 Ruffian: goveraments, -
capital of a duchy of the fame name. ~
Here Conftantine duke of Oftrog, gained of
SMY
SMOLEMSKO, a city of Ruffia,. capital
a: nt of the fame naine.. It
is fitwate on the Dnieper, and extends over
two. mountains and the va between
them. It is iucrounded by walls 30 feut
high and 45 thick; the lower part of
ftone, the upper of brick, and their cir-
cumference tour miles and threequarters.
The houles: are: moftly of wood, dnd
little better than cottages: they are only
of .ane » except 2 tew feattered here
and there, which ane dignified with the
tithe of palaces. ‘The city is: divided,
through its whole length, by one ftraight
paved itvect; the others are circular, and
floored with planks. ‘The cathedral (tands
onan eminence, where there is a view of
the whole city. The alternate rifing ant
finking of te walls from the inequality of
the ground ; their Gothic architecture and
grote{que towers ; the iteeples rifing above
the trees, which conceal the houtes fi'oen
the light ; the gardens, meadows, and corn-
fields within the.walls; all together form
one of the moft fingular, pictureique, and
varied proipects. Notwithitanding its
extent, it contains only about 4000 inha-
bitants, ana has no manufactures, but
carries on with Dantzic, Riga, -and the
Ukraine, a petty traffic, in linea, hemp,
honey, wax, leather, furs, &c. ° It is 197
miles NB of. Novogrodeck, and 230 N of
Kiof. Lon. 32 34 8, lat. 54 50.N. ’
Smow, a noted cavern, on the n coat
of Sutherlandfhire, between Cape Wrath
and “och Eribol. It runs fo far under
greund, that its extremity, it is faid,
could never be explored.
SMYRNA, a feaport of Turkey in Afia,
in Natolia, and one of the largeft and
richeft cities of the Levant. The good-
ne{s of the harbour has caufed it to be re-
built feveral times, after having been de-
ftroyed by earthquakes. Ft is the rene
dezvous of merchants from almoft alf
parts of the world, andthe magazine of
their merchandjfe,. The Turks have rg
mofques, the Greeks two charches, the
Jews eight Synagogues, the Armenians
one church, and the Latins three convents.
There are three bithops, one Greek, the
other Latin, and the~third Armenian.
The ftreets ase more open, better paved,
and the houfes better built, than im other
towns of! the continent. The ftreet’ of
the Franks isithe fineft im Smyrna, and
lies all along ‘the harbour. J+ is eight
days journey from Conftantinople
land, 25 days from Aleppo, by the cara
vans, fix frony Cogni, ieven from Cataya
and fix from Satalia: ‘Fhe caravans o
Perfia. often ‘bring 2eobales of filk ia’a
SOA
year, befide drugs :and cloths. The
other commodities brought here, are threat!
made of goats hair, cotton yarn, cotton
im bags, various kinds of drugs, and all
forts of carpets. The Englith and Dutch
faftors have prote{tant chapels, and ta-
verns are as open here as in Europe. The
fortifications confift of a fort, a caftle, a
nruntain, and an old citadel. It is
- Seated at the bottom of a large bay, 183
miles w by s of Conftantinople. Lon.
27 IgE, lat. 38 28N.
SNACKERBURG, a commercial town
of Lower Saxony, in Brunfwick-Lunen-
burg, feated at the confluence of the
Utcht with the Elbe, 35 miles E by 5
of Danneberg. Lon. 12 228, lat 53 10 N.
SNaiTH, a town in the w riding of
Yorkthire, with a market on Friday,
feated near the Aire, 22 miles s of York,
and 174 N by w of London. Lon.1 2w,
lat.5339N-
SNEECK, 2 populous town of the
United Provinces,. in Friefland. It is
called Snitz by the natives, and is feated
on a lake of the fame name, in marfhy
land, eight miles's of Francker. Lon. 5
26E, lat.§32N.
_ ,.SNETSHAM, a town in Norfolk, with
a market on Friday, feated of a fmall
inlet of the fea, 12 miles NNE of Lynn,
and 131 N by g of Londom Lon.o 32
BE, lat. 52 55N.
SNIATIN, a trading town of Little Po-
land, capital of Poketia, feated on the
Pruth,. eight miles £ of Coloni, and 45
se of Halitz. Lon.26 7£, lat.¢8 44.
SNOWDON, a famous mountain in Car-
marvonfhire. Its name fignifies literally,
the Hill of Snow, from {now and down.
Eryri; the Welth name, is from Mynyd
Eryrod, the Hill of Eagles. This is
the moft noted eminence in the whole re-
gion of the Welfh hills, and may, with
_ propriety, be ftyled the Britith Alps.
It is boggy on the top, and has two lakes
that abound with fith, particularly the
char and the guiniard. The height of
this mountain, from the quay of Carnar-
von to its uigheft peak, is 3,568 fect.
It was held facred by the ancient Britons,
as Parnaflus was by the Greeks. | Pieces
of lava have been found on this mountain ;
and, on the f{ummit, groups of columnar
ftones, of vaft fize, lying in all directions.
From: its f{ummit may be feen a part of
Ireland, of Scotland, and of Cumberland,
Lancafhire, Chefhire, and all North
Wales.
SoaNnay, or SUANE, an ancient town of
Tylcany, in the Siennefe, withsa bifhop’s
fee.- .The badnefs of the air has cauied
2 ’
SOC
it to be almoft deferted, and it is Now no
more than a village. It is ‘feated on a
mountain, near the river Flora, 30 Miley
sz of Sienna. Lon.11 468, lat. 42 gon
SOANE, a river of Hindoottan Pro é,
which rifes on the s confines of Allaha.
bad, ifluing trom the fame lake, which is
the fource of the Nerbudda; and flowing
in. an oppofite direftion to that iver
1500 miles, it falls into the Ganges, above
Patna.
Saciery IsLes, iflands in the Pacific
Ocean, difcovered by captain Cook ip
1769, fituate between 150 57 and 1§20
w lon. and 16 to and 16 55 ¢ lat. They
are fix in number; namely, Huahine
Ulietea, Otaha, Bolabola, faurua, and
Tabooyamanoo, or Saunders’ Ifland. The
foil, prodyétions, people, their language,
religion, cuttoms, and manners, are nearly
the fame as at Otaheite. Nature has
been equally bountiful in uncultivated
plenty, and the inhabitants are as luxu-
rious and as indolent. A plantain branch
is the emblem of peace, ‘and changing
names the greateft token of friendthip
Their dances are more elegant, their
dramatic entertainments: have fomething:
ot plot and confiftency, and they exhibit
temporary occurrences as the objects of
praile or fatire; fo that the origin of
ancient comedy may be already ditcerned
among them. The people of Huahine
are in general ‘ftouter and fairer than
thofe of Otaheite, and this ifland is re-
markable for its populouine(s and fertility.
Thofé of Ulietea, on the contrary, are
fmaller and blacker, and much leis or-
derly.
Sock, a village in Somerfetthire, three
miles from Yeovil. Here is a large pool,
at which pigeons often drink ; but cattle
will not touch its water, even in a time
ofdrought. It has a brackith and loath-
fome tatte, and looks, when put into a
giais, like cider when it is firft clarified.
; SOCONUSCO, a province of New Spain,
in the audience of Mexico, 88 miles long
and nearly as much broad; bounded on
the n by Chiapi, on the £ by Guatimala,
on the s by the Pa. c Qcean, and on
the w by Guaxaca. it is theltered from
the N winds by high mountains, which
renders the air excceding hot; and the
foil is not very fertile. There are few
Spaniards fettled here. .
Socorora;.an ifland of Afia, between
Arabia Felix and Africa, about 50 miles
long and 22 broad. It abounds: in fruit
and cattle, and .is particularly noted’ for
its fine aloes; known ‘by the name: of
Socotrine alues. ‘Ihe natives are Maho- -
metans, wit
SOFALA
Africa, ex
the river
Panto; th
contains
to the Port
SOFALA
the fame t
Portuguel
for their |
feated in +
ef a river.
SOFFA;
in Europe
archbithoy
_ of the. mic
river Bog
nople, ar
s8E, lat.
. SOFRO
Fez, note
It is (ea
mountain
Mount /
12 niles
33 40N.
SocnN
Congo,
which is
a great i
{aid to
Postugu
chureb |
SOG
metans, with a mixture of paganifm, and
they have a king who depends on Arabia.
_$0czowa~, 2 town of Turkey in Eu-
rope, in Mohdavia, ieated: onthe Seret,
32 miles sw of Jafly.. Lon, 26208, lat.
47 16N. é
Sopsury, or CHIPPING SopBURY,
a town in Gloucefterfhire, with a market
on Thurfday, and particularly notud for
its fine cheete. Itis feated ina bottoms
near the downs, 15 miles ENE of Briltol,
and 112 W of London. Lon.2 15W,
lat. 52 36.N.
Sopor, a village in Icolmkill, one of
the Weltern Ities ‘of Scotland, near that
of Mull... It was formerly a;bithop’s {'e,
which comprehended all the iflands, : to-
gether with the Iile of Man; tor which
reafon the bifthop of Man is {till called
bithop of Sogor and Man.
SozsT, a large town of Weftphalia,
in the co ot Marck, formerly tree
and imperial, but now belongs to the
king of Pruffias The ftreets-are watered
with ftreams that proceed from a lake,
and the inhabitants are geverally papitts.
It is 52 miles sw of Lipitad:, and 30 SE
ef Munfter. Lon. 11 E, lat. 51 43 N.
SOFALA, a kingdom on the £ coaft of
Africa, extending s of Zanguebar, trom
the river Cuama to the river Del Eipiuito
Panto; that is, from 17 to 25° s lat. It
contains mins of gold, and is tributary
to the Portuguese.
SOFALA, the capital of a kingdom of
Portuguefe, which is of grea’ importance
for their trade to the E Indies. It is
feated in a {mall ifland; near the mouth
ee efariver, Lon. 35 40 £; lat.20 205,
1, SorFa, or SOPHIA, a town of Turkey
le in Europe, capital of Bulgaria, with an
le archbithop’s-fee. It is feated at the foot
\- | _ of the miountains of Argentaro, on the
a tiver Bogana, 135 miles wNw of Adria-
nople, and 355 & of Scutari. Lon. 23
$8 E, lat. 42 36N.
- SOFROY, a town of the kingdom of
Fez, noted for a very handiome.moique.
It is (eated on a hill, at the foot of a
mountain of the fame name, part of
Mount Atlas, and between two rivers,
12 miles g of Fez. Lon. 4 48 WwW, lat.
43 40N,
SocNo, a town of the kingdom of
Congo, in a pfovince of the Jaine name,
which is.a dry fandy country, but yields
a great deal of falt. The inhabitants are
faid to be Chriftians, converted by the
Postuguele, and the capuchines have a
chureb here. It is feated on thy Zaire,
we e
Pe Se ey ee
the fame name, with a fort built by the
SOL
near,its mouth, 285 miles wsw of
Sian: Lon. 13 rater lat. 5 50 5. “>
SoHAM, a town in Cambridgehi
with a market on Saturday, 4 pea
fen of the fame name, near Soham-mere.
which takes up 1060 acres of land. It
is five miles sz of Ely, and 70 N by £ of
London. Lon.o 148, lat. 52 aru.”
SOuO, a village in Staffordhhire, noted
for a confiderable manufacture of buteons
&c. It is wo miles from Birmingham.
SOIGNiES, a town of Auttrian’ Hain.
ault, feated near a forett of the fame name,
on the river Senne, eight miles nz of
Mons, and 17 w of Bruffels. Lon. 4 14,
Bs lat. 53 29N..
OISSONNOIS, a late -province
France,, bourided on the n a te
on the E by Champagne, on the s by La
Brie, and on the w by Valois. Ie
abounds in corn, wocd, and 3
and with the late province of Vermandois,
now forms the department of Aifne.
é Soissons, an ancient and confiderable
city of France, in the department of
Aitne and late province of Soiflonnois,
It was the capital of a kingdom of the
. fame name, under the firlt race of the
French monarchs.. It contains 12,000
inhabitants, and is a bifhop’s fee.. Here
St. Lewis, Philip the Bold, and Lewis xsy
were crowned. The fine cathedral has
one of the moft confiderable chapters:in
the kingdom; and the bifhop, when the
archbifhop-of Rheims was abfent, had a
right to crown the king. The cafile,
“though ancient, is not that in which the
kings of the firit race refided.
the late abbies here, that of St. Medard
16 remarkable: Lewis le Debennaire was
confined in it by his children. Soiflons
is feated in a fertile valley, on the river
Aithe, 30 miles w-by N of Rheims, and
60 NE of Paris. Lon. 3 188, lat. 49
23N.
Soupanta Bay, a bay on the sw
coaft of Atrica, a little to the n of the
Cape of Good Hope. Lon. 18 48, lat.
33 ‘8058. gi:
‘SoLeBAY. See SouTHWwo Lp.
SoLgurz, a canton of Swifferland,
which holds the eleventh rank in the Hel-
vetic confederacy, into which it was ad-
mitted in 1481, It ftretches partly
through the plain, and partly along the
chains of the Jura, 36 miles in length and
35 in breadth, and contains 50,000 inha-
bicants.. The foil, for the moft part, is
fercile in corn; and'the diftrifts within
the fura abound in -excollent paftures.
It is divided into eleven bailiwics, the
SOL
inhabitants of which are all Roman ¢a-
tholics, except thofe of the bailiwic of
Buckegberg who profefs the reformed
seligion. The fovereign power refides in
the great council, which, comprifing the
fenate, or little council of thirty-fix,
confilts of 102 members, chofen by the
fenate in equal proportions, from the
deven tribes or companies, into which
the ancient burghers are diftributed ; and,
owing to the diftinétion between the an-
cient and the new burghers (the former
confifting of only 33 families) the govern-
ment is a complete ariftocracy.
SOLEURE, an ancient town of Swiffer-
land, capital of a canton of the fame
mame. It contains 4000 inhabitants,
and is feated on the Aar, which here ex-
pands into a noble river. Among the
moft remarkable obje&ts, is the new
ehurch of St. Urs, finifhed in 1772: it
is a noble edifice of a whitith gray ftone,
drawn from the neighbouring quarries,
which admits a polifh, and is a fpecies of
rude marble. Soleure is furrounded by
regular ftone fortifications, and is 20
wiles: NNE of Bern; and 27 ssw of Bafle.
Lon. 7 20, lat.47 15.N.
« SOLFATARA, a lake of Italy, in Cam-
di Roma, near Tivoli, formerly
called Lacus Albulus; In this lake ave
certain fubitances which have the name of
floating iflands. They are nothing but
bunches ‘of bullrufhes, ipringing trom a
foil, formed by duft and fand blown from
the adjacent ground, and glued together
by the bitumen which {wims on the. fur-
face of the lake, and the fulphur with
which.its waters are impregnated. Some
at thofe iflands are 35 yards long; and
‘the foil is ftrong enough to bear five or
fix people, who, by a pole, may move to
different parts of the lake. ~ From this
lake iffues a whitifh muddy ftream, which
emits vapour of a fulphureous fiell, tilk
it reaches the Teverone.: ‘The water of
this lake has the quality of covering
every fubftance that. is put into it for a
few days, with a hard white ftony.mat-
ter; but this encruftating: quality is. not
fo ftrong in the lake itfelf:as. in the rivu-
let that runs from it; and the further the
water has flowed from the lake,’ till it is
uite loft in the Teverone, the ftronger is
his quality. Fifth are found in the Te-
verone, both above and below ‘Tivoli,
till it receives this Jake; after which,
during the reft of its.courfe to'the Tiber,
there are none. eh vom
SOLFATERRA, a mountain of Naples,
io Terracdi Lavora, furrounded by other
mountains, in the form of an amphi.
7%
50M
theatre. It has a crater above a mile in
diameter, which fmokes in the day, and
flames-in the night. It brings in‘a con.
fiderable revenue to the king, on account
of the large ge 47 fulphur and alum
obtained trom it. Near it is a fmall lake
full of black thick water, which {eems
always to be boiling.
_SOLIHUL, a town in Warwickhhire,
near which, to the W,. is a triangular
Danith camp, on an eminence, containing
about nine acres. It is 12 miles w of
Coventry, and 107 Nw of London.
SOLINGEN, a town of Weftphalia, in
the duchy of Berg, feated near the riyez
Wipper, 15 miles sz of Dufleldorp,
Lon. 7 10.8, ‘lat. 51 10 N.
SOLKAMSK, a town of Ruffia, in the
government of Perm, famous for its jalr.
its and good hories. It is feated on the
ffolka, which falls into the Kama, 43¢.
miles ng of Kafan.. Lon. 57 268, lat,
59 16 N.
Soims, a town of Germany, capital
of a county of the fama name, in the
circle of the Lower Rhine. It has a
ftrong caftie, belongs to a branch of
‘the houte of Naffau, and is feated on a
hill, 10 miles se ot Herborn, Lon. 3
31 E, lat. 50 35N.
SoLomon’s IsLanps. See Dancne,
ISLES OF.
‘Sonor, an ifland in the Indian Ocean,
to the s of Celebes, governed by its own
king. Lon. 123 55 By lat.9 os.
SOLTWELD, a town of Germany, in
the old marche of Brandenburg, feated
on the Jetze, 40 miles. Nw of Stendal.
Lon. 11 368, lat. 53 6 N.
SOLWAY FRITH, an arm of the fea,
between Cumberland in England and
Kircudbrightthire in Scotland.
SoLtway Moss, a black morafs in
Cumberland, near the river Efk, on the
borders of Scotland, which, in 1771, being
fwoln by rains; buarft through the thell ot
turf which covered it, and fpreadan inky
half-fluid deluge over 400 acres of culti.
tivated land in the neighbouring valley,
which it intire’y filled up. go
SomBreRB, an ifland:in the Indian
Ocean, 30 miles N-of Nicobar. The in-
habitants axe mild, timorous, and very
obliging to ftrangers.
SOMBRERO; 4 chufter of* uninhabited
iflands in the W Indies, belonging to the
Englith. “The moft serastieable of them
is a league ‘long,’ and confifts of an emi-
nence, to which the Spanith. difcoverers,
finding fome refemblance to a hat, gave the
name of Sombrero. It. is:8omiles Nw of Sti
Chriftopher. Lon. 63 37 W, lat. 18 38 Ne
SOMERSE
land, 65 mile
ded on the N
the N by Gl
Wilthhire, on
onthe sw: by
diocefes of Bri
contains 42 hy
ket-townhsy
18 members
the lower if
and general
the NE qua!
fiefles a lot
Ktendip Hil
where 1¢8 pri
and marfhy n
w fide are th
downs and:
corner is t
moor. The
is high, but
out the coun
ter, vales of
ter{perfed.
Parret, Ivel
The Mendiy
coal, lead, Cc
pole, and re
ted for its ¢
in fize tothe
meadows ab:
The beft ¢g
from the m:
‘product: of
erable fh:
tures. Bri
county witl
and comrhe
mart for he
SOMERT:
with a mar!
merly a cor
the county
fent pretty |
able for cor
miles s of \
don. Lon
SOMME,
cluding the
takes its né
' the depart
St. Quenti
beville, e
Amiens ie
SomMI!
departmeén
Languedoc
ferges, wh
on the Vic
Lon. 4 13
SONCIN
n
\-
y
d
@
J
.- ww
SON
SOMERSETSHIRE, a county of Eng-
land, 64 miles long and 44 broad; boun-
ded on the Nw by the Briftol Channel, on
the N by Gloucefterthire;. on the 2 by
Wiltthire, on the se by Dorietthire, and
onthe sw: by Devonthire. It’ lies in'the
diocefes of Briftoh, and of Bath and Wells ;
contains’42 hundreds, three cities, 3 1 mat
ket-towns, and 385 parifhes; and fends
18 members to parliament. The air in
the lower grounds, is univerfally mild,
and generally wholefome. The’ foil in
the NE quarter is in general ftony, and
flefles'a lofty mineral tract, called the
Mendi Hills. Toward the centre,
where its principal rivers unite, are fens
and marfhy moors of great extent. On the
w fide are the Quantock Hills, with many
downs and: open heaths; and in the Nw
corner is the black fteril region of Ex-
moor. The s part;"toward Dorfethhire,
is high, but well cultivated ; and through-
out the county, efpecially in its sw quar-
ter, vales of the greateft fertility are in-
terfperfed. The principal rivers are the
Parret, Ivel, Thone, Brent, and Avon.
The Mendip Hills afford abundance of
coal, lead, calamine, copper, manganefe,
bole, and red ochre. Chedder ir celebra-
ted for its cheefes. Cattle, nearly equal
in fize tothe Lincolnfthire, are fed in fine
meadows about the head of the Parret.
The beft gooie feathers for beds come
from the marfhes. - Cider is a common
‘product: of this county, and it has a con-
fiderable fhare in the woollen. manufac-
tures. Briftol is the capital of this
county with refpeét tofize, population,
and commerce; but Bath is the great
mart for health and pleafure.
SOMERTON; a town in Sumerfetthire,
with a market on Tuefday. It was for-
merly a confiderable ‘place, from which
the county took its-name. It is at pre-
fent pretty large, and the market confider-
able for corn, fheep, arid cattle. It is 13
miles s of Wells, and 124 w by 8 of Len-
don. Lon. 2 40 W, lat. gz a9.N. i
Somme, a department of: France, in-
cluding the late provinee of Picardy. It
takes. its name-from a-river which rifes in
the department of Aifne, and watering
St. Quentin, Peronne, Amiens; and Ab-
beville, enters ‘the Englith Channel.
Amiens ie the capital. ‘
SOoMMIERES; a town of France, in the
department of Gard and late province of
Languedoc. It has a manufaéture of thick
ferges, which bear: its name; and is feared
on the Vidourle, a w of Niles.
Lon. 4 13 B, lat. 45 48 Ne et
SONCINO, a ftrong towa of Italy, inthe
SOP
Crenionefe, foated:on the Oglid, a0’ tifles
nwofCremona. Lon.9 44 B; lat. 4524.
SONDRIO, a town in the country. of thé
Grifons, capital of the Valteline. It it
built in a very romantic fituation, at the
extremity of @ narrow valley, and’ occu-
pies both fides of the. Malenco, ‘a furious
torrent, which frequently overflows its
banks. On the aoth of July; 1620, here
was a dreadful maffacre of the proteftants,
which began at Tirano, extended to all
the towns of the Valteliac, and lafted
three days.’ Sondrio is 34 miles ne of
Como. Long 408, lat.46 r1'N.
SONERGON, or SWNNZRGAUM, a vilk
lage of Hindoottan: Proper, once a large
city, the provincial capital’ of the eaftern
divifion of Bengal, before Dacca was built,
and famous for a manufaéture of fine cot-
ton cloths. It is feated on a branch of
the Burrampooter, 13 miles sz of Dacca.
SONG-KIANG-FOU, a city of China, in
the province of Kiang-nan. It is’ cele.
brated tor the prodigious quantity of cot-
ton cloth which it exports to foreign coun-
tries, but has only four cities in its diftriat.
SONNEBERG. | SeeSUNNEBURG.
SONORA, a province of N America, in
the kingdom ot New ‘Navarre, extending
along the fide of the gulph of California,
in. about 96° w lon. and 29° n°lat. Ie
lies in the moft delightful part of the tem-
perate zone ; and all its’ productions; whe-
ther animal or vegetable, are perfe@’ in
their kind. The number of Spaniards
fettled heve is very fall; but as rich
mines of gold and fiiver were diftevcréd,
in 1771, in an expedition againft forme
fierce tribes of: hoftile and predatory In-
dians, it is probable that the pape tion
of this province will greatly increafé. ’
SOOL00, an ifland of the Kaftern
Ocean, fituate sw of Mindanao, almaft
midway between that ifland and Borneo.
It is 30 miles long and 12 broad, and
contains about 60,o0o0 inhabitants. It is
governed by a king or fultan;-and the na.
tives are Malays, and confequently Ma-
hometans. The popuioufnefs of this little
{pot is caufed by: ity advantageous fita-
ation, which renders it a great mart.
The Englifh B. India Company have a
refident here. Lon. 121 258, lat. 5 58.
Soputa. See Sorra. )
SOPHIANIA, atown of Perfia, in Adér-
beitzan, feated in a valley, 25 miles Nw
of Tauris. Lom. 47 258, lat. 38 35Ne
Sopra SELVA, a valley of Swifferlatid,
in the coustryof the Grifons, It'extends
from Mount St: Gotliard to Reichenau,
and is the moft populous valley of the
Na
His
be
Wy
SOU
Sorrow, a ftrong town of Lower Hun-
gary, capital of a county of the fame
name, feated on a {mall river, 27 miles sw
of Prefourg, and 30 sz of Vienna. Lon.
3708, lat.47 46.N.
SoRA,.a town of Naples, in Terra di
Lavora, with a caftle and a bithop’s fee.
It is feated on the Garigliano, 65 miles
Nnwof Naples. Lon. 14 48, lat.41 54.N.
Sora, a ftrong town of Denmark, in
Zealand, with a college for the nobility,
9 miles w of Ringfted. Lon.11 53 2,
lat. 55 26N. “PAL
SORAW, a town of Germany, in Lufa-
tia, feated near the Bober, 25 miles s of
Croffen, and 32 NE of Gorlitz. - Lon. 35
48 £, lat.sr 40 N.
Sorza, a townof Spain, in Old Cattle,
built on the ruins of the antient Numantia,
near the fource of the Douero,~74 miles
se of Burgos. Lon. 2 2.w, lat.41 48 N.
SOROCK, 2 town of Poland, feated on
the river Dniefter, with a ftrong cattle.
The Turks were obliged to raile the fege
of this place in 1602. (
_ SORRENTO, a feaport of Naples, in
Terra di Lavora, with an archbithop’s tee.
_It ie the birthplace of Torquato Taffo ;
and is {eated on 2 peninfula, in the bay of
Naples, at the foot of a mountain of the
fame name, 17 milesszof Naples. Lon.
14 24E, lat. 40 36N.
SOSPELLO, a town of Piedmont, in the
county of Nice. It has a trade in dried
fruits, particularly figs; and is feated at
the foot of three very, high mountains, on
the river Bevera, +5. miles NE of Nice.
Lon. 7 348, lat.43 52N.
SOVANO, a town of Tufcany, in.the
Siennefe, 2g miles w of Orvietto. Lon.
13 482, lat. 42.42N.
SovuBisE, a townof France, in the de-
partment of Lower Charente and late ter-
ritory of Saintonge, feated on an eminence,
on the river Charente, 22 miles s of
Rochelle. Lon. 1 2 Ws lat.45 57.
SOUILLAQ, a town of France, in the
devartment of Lot and late territory of
Querci, feated on the Boreie, 32 miles. N
ok Cahors. ¢ Lon. 1 21 £, lat.44 55N.
SounD, a ftrait between Sweden and
Denmark, through which fhips ufually
_ fail from the Categate into the Baltic. It
#8 about four miles broad, and here the
Danes take toll of all merchant-fhips
that pafsintothe Baltic. See ELsinore.
Sour, or Sur, a feaport of. Turkey
in Afia, in Syria, where ftood the famous
city of Tyre, of which there is now no-
thing remaining but ruins. Lon.35 50 8, .
lat. 33. 18N. See Tyre.
’ Sour, or SuR, a river of the Nether-
$OovU
lands, -which runs, from w tor, through
Luxemburg, and falls into the Mofile. a
little above: Treves. 4
Sousa, or SuSA, a flrong town of the
kingdom of ‘Tunis, capital of a province
of the fame name; with a ¢aftle and a good
harbour. - Jt is a place.of tome trade, and
feated on a high rock, near the fea, 6¢
miles se of ‘Lunis. Lon.1y 158, lat,
35 52N.
SOU-TCHEOU-FOU, a city of China,
the fecond in the province of Kiang-nan,
It is fo interfeéted by canals of freth wa-
ter, that Europeans compare it to Venice ;
and the country round it is fo delightrul,
that the Chinefé call this city the para.
dife of the world, The brocades and
embroideries made here are elteenied
throughout the whole empire. Its popur
lation is prodigious; but its jurifdiction
extends over only one city of the tecond,
and feven of the third clais, Lon.152
20.E, lat. 38 40N.
SOUTERRAINE,a townof France, inthe :
department of Creufe and late province of
Marche, 24 miles Nn of Limcges.
Souru SEA. +See Paciric Oczan,
SOUTHAM, a town in Warwickihire,
with a market on Monday, and noted for
its cider. It is 13 miles s of Coventry,
and 83 Nw of London. Lon. 23 .w,
lat. §2 36N.
SOUTHAMPTON, a feaport and borough
in Fiampthire, witha market on Tuelday,
Thurtday, and Saturday. It is fituate’
between the Itchen and Teft, which here
flow into an inlet of the fea, called Tril-
fanton Bay, or; Southampton Water.
; The inlet is navigable almott .to the head
for veflels of .confiderable burden; and
the two rivers admit finall craft fome way
up the country. It was: formerly a port
of great commeree, -ftill poffefles a trade
in French and sport wines, and has a par-
ticular connection’ with Guerniey and
Jertey. It contains five churches; is
iurrounded by walls and: feveral watch-
towers ; and had a ftrong caitle, now in
ruins. It is a county of itielf, governed
by a mayor, and fends two members to
parliament. It is a,fathionable place of
reiort tor fea-bathing ; and it was on this
beach that the Danith king Canute gave
that itriking reproof to his flattering
courtiers, when the difobedient tide wafhed
his feet. Two miles from this town is
Woodmills, where is a very ¢urious ma-
nufaéture of fhip-blocks, trom which all
the ‘king’s yards ave fupplied. South-
ampton is 12. miles s by w of Winchefter,
and 75 wsw of London. Lon.1 26 W,
lat. $0 §5.N.
SOUTHE
fated at th
miles BE ©
place tothe
js much re
accommoda
SoUTH
which may
metropolis,
fide of the
diction of tl
have an off
Southwark
by way of ¢
place, part
commerce
members
churches, 3
laces of
ral charit
st. Thom
and the
King’s Ber
acounty §)
SOUTH
fhire, wit!
an ancien
church.
ham, and
5! W; lat.
SouTH
fraport’ i
Thuriday
a fine bay
the river
the w; {ec
water, €!
Here a
it has alf
rings. I
SOLE, 4
In this b
the Dutc
duke of |
undecide:
Yarmoul
1 5¢E> l
Sovic
departm
province
so miles
Paris.
Sout
fn the mi
a port
| trade
a par-
y and
s3 is
vatch-
OW in
verned
ers to
ace of
n this
> gave
tering
yafhed
wn is
S$ ma-
ch all
jouth-
efter,
6 W)
SPA
SOUTHEND, New, a village in Effex,
fated at the mouth of the Thames, 44
miles E of London. Being the neareft
ace tothe metropolis, for fea-bathing, it
js much reforted to, and has handiome
accommodaticn for the company.
SOUTHWARK, @ borough in Surry,
which may be confidercd as part of the
metropolis, being feated on the oppofite
fide of the Thames, and under the jurif-
dition of the corporation of Lindon, who
have an officer here called the bailiff of
Southwark. It is called the BoroucH,
by way of diftin&tion, and is a populous
shee; participating confiderably in the
commerce of London. It fends two
members to parliament. It contains fix
churches, @ Roman catholic chapel, many
laces of worhip for diffenters, and feye-
ral charitable foundations, particularly,
St. Thomas’s Hofpital, Guy’s Hofpital,
and the Magdalen Hofpital; alfo the
King’s Bench and Marthalfea prifons, and
acounty gaol. See LONDON.
SOUTHWELL, a town in Nottingham-
fhire, with a market on Saturday. It is
an ancient place, and has a collegiate
church. It is 10 miles Ne of Notting-
ham, and 139 NNW of London. Lon. o
51 W, lat. §3 6N.
SOUTHWOLD, a corporate’town and
faport’in Suffolk, with a market on
Thuriday. It is feated on a cliff, near
afine bay, with a harbour to the s, and
the river Blythe, and°a drawbridge on
the w; fathat it is almoft furrounded with
water, efpecially at every high tide.
Here a miuch efteemed falt is made, and
it has alfo a trade in corn, beér, and her-
rings. It is commonly called SowLe ar
Soue, and its bay is named SOLERAY.
‘In this bay was the great feafight between
the Dutch admiral De Ruyter, and James
duke of York, in which the victory was
undecided. Southwold is 20 miles $ of
Yarmouth, and 104. sz of London. Lon,
1 548, lat. 52 24.N.
SOVIGNY, a town of France, in the
department of Rhone and Loire and late
province of Lyonois, feated on the Queine,
so miles sE of Bourges, and 167 8 of
Paris. Lon. 3 21 £, lat.46 30N.
Sourra Hi.., the moft elevated hill
it the mountainous ridge of Lammermuir,
inthe w partof Berwickfhire. In former
times. it was a noted feamark.
Sow, a river in Staffordthire, which
ties near Healy Ca(tle, in the w part of
the county, runs by Ecelefhal to Stafford}
below which it receives the Peak, and
foon afterward falls intothe Trent. _
SPA, & towt of Germany, in the bi-
SPA’
thepric of Liege, famous for its mineral --
waters. The inhabitants are ‘very civil
to rangers, and ready to do them all
manner of good offices, but muft be paid
for their labour. It is feated ina vall
furrounded by mountains. That called
the Old Spa confifts of miferable cottages,
and is pioperly nothing but the fuburb to
the other. The houles of the New Spa
are all wood, dark, and finall, and yet it
is affirmed they can make 1200 beds for
itrangers. The church of the capachins,
and the parifh church, ‘are both: feated
Upon . eminences. The inn called the
Court of London, is very large, the beft
in the place, and moft frequented. ' ‘The
names of the five principal’ wells are,
Pouhon, Geronflerd, Saviniere, Watpotz,
and Tunnelet. The inhabitants are em-
ployed in making toys tor ftrangers. Spa
was taken by the French in 1794. It’
is 17 miles sz of Liege. Lon. 5 sox
lat. 50 30N. ;
SPaIn, a confiderable kingdom of Eu-
rope; bounded on the nN by the bay of
Bifcay; on the ne by the: Pyrenees,
which feparate it trom France; on the
E, SE, and s by the Mediterranean; on
the sw by the Atlantic; and on the w
by Portugal and the Atlantic. It is 700
miles long and 500 broad; and contains
the provinces of Old and New Caftile;
Andalufia, Arragon, Eftramadura, Ga-
licia, Leon, Catalonia, Granada, Valen-
cia, Bifcay, the Afturias, Murcia, and
Upper Navarre, fome of which have been
feparate kingdoms. The air-is dry and
ferene, except during the equinoétial rains;
but exceffively hot, in the fouthern pro-
vinces, in June, July, and Auguft. The
vaft mountains, however, thatrun through
Spain, are beneficial tothe inhabitants by
the retrefhing breezes that'come from them
in the s parts; though thofe in the n and
NE are in the winter very cold. The foilis
very fertile ; but there are large tracts of un-
cultivated ground. The produce-of the
country is wheat,barley,faffron,honey,filk,
faltpetre, hemp, barrillas, and even fugar-
canes, with the richeft and saoft delicious
fruits that are to be found in France and
Italy ; and its wines are in high efteem.
Wolves are the chief beafts of prey that
infeft Spain. The wild bulls have fo
much ferocity, that bull-feafts were the
moft magnificent fpettacle the court of
Spain could exhibit. The domeftie ani-
mals are horfes that are remarkably fwift,
miles, black-cattle, and fheep, the wool
of which is fuperior to any in Europe,
Spain abounds in minerals and metals:
corneliang “Bre, jacinth, load{tones, tur-
-Nna
SPA
cois tones, quickfilver, copper, lead, ful-
phur, alum, calamine, cryital, marbles of,
several kinds, porphyyy,, the finelt jafper,
d even. diamonds, emeralds, and ame-
thyfts, are found here. Ancicntly it was
celebrated for gold and filver, mines ; but
ince the, difcovery of America at leaft, no
attention has been paid to them. The
principal rivers. are the Douero, Tajo;
Guadiana, Guadalquiver, and Ebro.
Spain, formerly the moft ‘populous king-
dom in Europe, is now very thinly in-
habited; to which various cauies. have
contributed, as the expulfion of the Moors,
the emigrations to the. colonies, the vatt
numbers and celibacy of the clergy, and
the indolence of the natives.. The pertons
of the Spaniards in general, are tall; their
complexions iwarthy ; their countenances
expreffive. The beauty of the ladies.
reigns chiefly in their novels and ro-
mances; in their perfons they are {mall
and flender, Jealoufy is no. Jonger the
characteriftic. of a Spanith hufband: the
married ladies have here their cortejo, or
male attendant, in the fame manner as. the.
Italians have their cicifbeos.. The eftab.
lithed religion is popery.; and.here the in-
quifitien once reigned in all its horrors ;
but, although it, ftill exifts, it has been
i eh by. the intervention of the
ai authority, comparatively harmlefs.
There are eight archbithoprics, 44 epifco-
pal fees, and 24 univerfities. Spain. once
the, moft tree, is gow. one. of the moft
ip monarchies in. Europe... They
had once their. cortes, or, parliaments,
which: had great, privileges; but. thouglr
not, abfolutely abolished, they have no
part in the government. They are affem-
bled. indeed, occafionally (as at the aecef-
fon-of the monarch) but merely as. an.ap-
pem:age. tothe royal ftate,' without power,
er any other confequence than-what refults
fiom. their individual rank. Madzid.is
tht: capital. awe
Spain, New. See MExrco, OLdy
SRALATR®, or SPALATTO, 3. popu-
lous and {trong tewn, capital. of Venetian
Dalmatias with .a geod harbour,’ and an
aichbithop’s fee. Here are the, ruins of
the palace of Dieclefian, of which, in 1764,
Mr. Robert Adam. publithed.a iplendid
account. In 1784, Spalatro. was, nearly
depopulated by the.plague. It is feated
on:a peniniula, in the gulph of Venice, 35
miles s£ of Sebenico, and. 302 Nw. ot.Ra-
gufa. Lon.17 31k, latiqg aXe
SPALDINGs, a ‘town. in, Lingolufhire,
with a market on Tuelday.. It is ieated
near theanowth ef the Welland, and from
its. neatuefs, and the canals. in the fivects,
2 :
SPI
refembles a Dutch town. It has 3, good
sying trade in corn and coal; and
much hemp and flax is grown in its nei h-
bourhood. Near it is the greateft herony
in. England, the herons building together
on high trees like rooks, It is 14 miles
s by w of Bofton, and. 100 N of Londony
Lon. o 28, lat. 52 45.
SPANDAW, a ftrong town of Germany, |
in the middle marche of Bradenburg. Tr
is fusrounded on all fides by moraffes, and
clofe to it is a fine fortrefs. The arfenat
is in fubterranean vaults, and there ig a
prifon for tate criminals.
the Havel, eight miles mw of Berlin, and.
17 NE of Brandenburg. Lon. 13 232
lat, 52 36.N. bi
SPANISH-TOWN. Sée Jaao, Sr.
SPARSHOLT, a village in Berkthirs
five miles w of Wantage. _ A
in the form of a erofs, and in.it are fome
Very ancient monuments, one of which iy
of a knight templar; and the font, which
is allo very old, is made of porphyry,
SPARTEL, CaPg,. a promontory on,
the coaftof Barbary, at the entrance of
the ftraits of Gibraltar, “ Lon. 5 56 w
lat. 35 50N. , '
SPARTIVENTO, CAPE, a promontor
of the kingdom of Naples, at the szex- |
tremity et Calabria Ulteriore. Lon. 16
40 E,, lat. 37. 50N.
SPEAN. See Locny, Locn.
SPELLO, a town of Italy, in Umbrif.
Here are the ruins of a theatre, and. other
veiains of antiquity. It is feated ona _
hiil, three miles. ww of Foligni, and.13
N of Spoletto.. Lon.12 24 E, lat. 42 50N.
SPET?A, or SPEZZ1A, a town of Italy,
in the territory of Genoa, with a. good
harbour... It is feated at the foot of a hill,
at the bottom of a gulph of the fame
name, 47 miles se of Gnog: and 65 Nw
of Florence. Long 37 £, lat. 44 10N,
SPEY,.a river of Scotland, which iffues
from a lake in the centre of Invernefshhire,
divides Murrayfhire from Bantshire tor
niore than. 20 miles, and enters the Ger-
man Oeean at the village of Speymouth,
eight miles w of Cullen. »*. ;
Spice Istanps. See Mouuccas,
SP1RTZ, a town of Swifferland, in the
eanton of Bern, feated on. the w fide of q
the lake Thun, 20 miles sz of Bern,
SPIGELBURG, a town of Germany, in
the cirele of Weftphalia, capital ofa coun-
ty of the fame wame. It 1s 22 miles sw
.of Hildefheim. Lon. 9 46 £, lat. 5156N.
SPIGNA, 2 town of Italy, in Montierra
with a.caftle. It is 15 miles Nn by wo
Savona, and 40 sz of ‘Tusim, . Lop, & 26
B, late44 450. giecks
It is feated on
8 church ig. 7
SPILEMB'
Venetian Fri
and 47 N by
lat. 46 10h,
SPILSBY,
a market on
of a hill, 3¢
n by E of .
$2. Ne
SPIRE, a
civele of th
amany, capi
name. It
1689 5 and
per, whicl
moved to
179% by
the next ye
It is feated
fevea miles
Ey lat. 49
SPIREB.
the palatin
river of th
Landaa.
SriRite
capital o'
name, wi
20 10S.
SPITA
tinthia,
Lifer, ne
Clagenfur
SPITAI
fhire, 11
part . of
trom Lon
Here are
Well,
Great :n
been dug}
SPITH
Portiino
the roya
SPIT
country
. Norway
and No
is befet
vanteri
SPL
SFILEMBURGO, a towh of Italy, in
Venetian Friuli, 37 miles Nw of Aquilcia,
and 47 N by EB of Venice. Lon. 12 15,
lat. 46 10N,
SPILSBy, a town in Lincolnhhire, with
a market on Monday, feated on the fide
of a hill, 30 miles E of Lincoln, and 132
n by E-of London. Lon.o 78, lat. 53
J2Ne
SPIRE, a bifhopric of Germany, in the
circle of the Upper. Rhine, 50 miles in
Jength, and 30 in breadth, where broad-
i et. It-is divided into two parts by the
d on Rhine, and is a fertile country.
» and: SPIRE, a free imperial city of Ger-
23.2, amany, capital of a bifhopric of the fame
name. It was burnt by the French in
1689 ; and, in 1693, the imperial cham-
her, which was in this city, was re-
moved to Wetzlar. It was taken, in
1792, by the French, who evacuated it
the next year, but reentered it in 1794.
it is feated on the w fide of the Rhine,
fevea miles w of Philipfburg. Lon. 2 32
By lat.49 19 N.
SPIREBACH, a town of Germany, in
the palatinate of the Rhine, feated on a
civer of the fame name, eight miles n of
Landaa. Lon. 8.128, lat. 49 20N.
SriRiTo-SaNnTo, a feaport of Brafil,
capital of a government of the fame
name, with a caftle. Lon.41 o8, lat.
20 108.
SPITAL, a town of Germany, in Ca-
tinthia, with a caftle. It is feated on the
Lifer, near the Drave, 30 miles w of
Clagenfurt. Lon. 13 37£, lat.46 53 N.
SPITAL, an ancient village in Lincoln-
fhire, 1x miles N of Lincoln. It was
part of the Roman cauleway, leading
trom London, by Lincoln, to the Humber.
Here are two {prings, one called Julian's
Well, and the other Caftleton Well.
Great ‘numbers of Roman coins have
been dug up in this village.
SPITHEAD, a. famous road between
Portfinouth and the ifle of Wight, where
the royal navy frequently rendezvous.
SPITZBERGEN, the moft . northern
: country of Europe, being to the N of
mE . Norway, between Greenland to the w,
ae and Nova Zembla to the g. The coaft
He is befet with craggy mountains, and in the
F vainter itis cortinual night for four months.
he The animals are Jarge white bears and
a white foxes.. There are no fettled inha-
on ditants, and it is known only to thofe who
an ,go.on the coaft to fith for whales... See
2 GREENLAND, We? Sp
26 SPLUGEN, a town of Swifferland, in
the country of the Grifons, capital: of the
valley of Rheinwald, It is feated near
STA
the fouree of the Hinder Rhine, 42 miles
sw of Coire.
SPOLETTO, a duchy of Italy, 55 miles
long and 40 broad; bounded on the N
by Ancona and Urbino, on the £ by Na-
pies, on the s by Sabina and the patri-
mony of St. Peter, and on the w by Or-
vieto and Perugino. It was formerly @
part of Umbria, and is now fubjeét'to the
pope. 5
P Brot eria; an anéient town of Italy,
sy of a duchy of the fame name, with
a bifhop’s fee, and a caftle. It fuffered
gréatly by an earthquake in 1703, ‘and
Now contains 12,000 inhabitants. ‘Here
are the ruins of an amphitheatre, a tri-
umphal arch, and an aqueduét. ‘It is
feated in a country noted for good wine,
near the river Teifino, 40 miles £ of Or-
vieto, and ‘60 N by E of Rome. Lon.
13 6£, lat.42 45N.
SPREE, a river of Germany, which
rifes in the mountains of Bohemia, and
palling through Lufatia, into the marqui-
fate of Brandenburg, runs by Betlin, and
falls into the Havel oppofite Spandaw.
' SPRINGFIELD, a town in the ftate of
Mafiachufets, and county of ‘Hampfhire,
feated on the £ fide of Conneticut River,
96 miles w. of Bofton.
SPROTTAW, a town of Silefia, in ‘the
duchy of Glogaw, with walls flanked b
towers, and a ftrong caftle. It is feated
at the confluerice of the Bober and Sprotta,
20 miles sw of Glogaw. Lon.15 38 8,
lat. 51 40N.
Spurn HEAD, a promontory in York-
fhire, at the NE entrance of the mouth of
the Humber, on which is a lighthoufe.
Lon.o 15 £, lat. 53 38N.
SQUILACI, a town of Naples, in Ca-
labria Ulteriore, v ‘th a bifhop’s fee. It
was formerly famous, but is now a ‘finall
place, feated on the Favelone, near a gulf
of the fame name, 30 miles sw of St.
Severino. Lon. 16 408, lat. 39 3N.
STABLO, a town of Germany, in thé
bifhopric of Liege, with a celebrated ab.
bey, whofe abbot is a prince of the em-
pire. Here is a manufacture of leather,
which is fent to foreign parts. It is
feated on the Recht, nine miles s of Lim-
burg. Lon.6 58, lat. 50 29N. a
STADE, a town of Lower Saxony, ‘in
the duchy of Bremen, with a fortrefs, a
college, and three churches. It is the
principal town of the duchyy fubje& to
the elector of Hanover; Bremen, the ca-.
‘pital, being a free imperial town. It is
the feat of the regency and chief courts
of juftice of the duchies of Bremén aid
Verden; and is feated on the Swingel,
Nn3
.
STA
near its confluence with the Elbe, 22 miles
re Hamburg, and 45 NE of Bremen.
on. 9 178, lat. 53 36N.
STAFARDA, a town of Piedmont, in
the marquifate of Saluzzo, feated on the
Po, with arich abbey. It is famous for
a victory gained by the French, in 1690,
ever the cabs of Savoy. Lon.7 25£,
lat. 44 34.N.
STAFFA, a famons ifland of Scotland,
one ‘of the Hebrides, a little to the w of
ull. It is one mile long, and half a
mile broad. The whole sw end is fup-.
ported by ranges of pillars, moitly above
50 feet high, and fome above 60 feet
thick, ftanding in natural colonnades.
Here is alfo a cavern, called Fin-ma-coul,
oy Fingal’s Cave, which extends 250 feet
under ground. Its entrance is a natural
arch, more than 100 feet high, from which
the cavern is lighted, fo that its furtheft
extremity may be feen; it is fupported
on each fide by ranges of columns, and
roofed by ‘the fragments of others that
1dve been broken off in forming it. ‘This
ifland ig every where {tipported by bafaltic
rocks and pill
grandeur to thoie which form the Giants
Cauleway in Ireland. * pacetins
STAFFORD, a borough, and the county-
town of Staffordfhire, with a market on
Saturday. It has ‘two parifh churches,
and a fine {quare market-place, in which
is the fhire-hall, ‘and under it the market-
houfe. ‘It is governed by a mayor, fends
two members to parliament, and is feated
on the river Sow, 41 miles NW of Lich-
field, and 135 Nw of London. Lon.'2 4
Ww, lat. 52 48 N. ts ate ee
STAFFORDSHIRE, a county of Eng-
Jand, 55 miles Jong and 42 broat ;
bounded on the w by Shropfhire, on the
Nw by Chefhire, on the NE and £ by
-Derbyfhire, on the se by Warwick-
Shire, and'on the s by Worcetterfhire.
Jt lies in the diocefe of Lichfield arid
Coventry; contains five hundreds, one
city, 17 market-towns, and 130 parihhes ;:
and fends 10 members to parliament. The
principal rivers are the Trent, Dove, Sow,
Churnet, Stour, Peak, and Mahyfold.
The air is mild and wholetome. ‘The foil
in the s part is good and rich, though not
without heaths, which take up a large
traét of ground: it abounds in coal and
iron. The, middle is level and plain ;
the N' hilly and ‘barren, being fi
heaths and moors, and ‘where they ufe
peat for fuel.’ “There are alfo good ftone-
quarries, ‘plenty of ‘alabafter, and_lime-
ftone. an
his county is famous for its
potteries, and for its noble canal naviga.
tion. “See CanaL, Grand Trunk. ©
ars, fuperior in beauty and |
_liament, and is governed b
Wl of |
STA
STAGIRA, 2 town of Turkey in Fu.
rope, in Macedonia, feated on the gulf of
Contefla. It is remarkable for being the
birthplace of Arittotle, from whence he ig
called the Stagirite. Itis now called Lyba,
Nova, and is 16 miles from Conteffa,
Lon. 22 488, lat.41 15N. )
STAGNO, a feaport of Ragufan Dal.
matia, with-a bifhop’s fee. It is feated
on a peninfula, in the gulf of Venice, 40
miles Nw of Ragufa. » we 17 SOE, lat.
43 12N,. ’
STain, a town of Auftria, feated ‘on
the Danube, over which is-a toll-bridge,
65 miJes w of Vienna. Lon. 15 og, lat,
48 11N,
STAINES, a town in Middlefex, with a
market on Friday. It is feated on the
hames, over which is an elegant ftone
bridge, of three elliptic arches. At
fome diftance above the bridge, at Coln
Ditch, is the London Mark Stone, which is
the ancient boundary to the jurifdiétion of
the city’ of London on the Thames, and
bears the date of 1280.' Stajnes is 17
miles w by s of London, Lon.o 25 w,
we gt 27Ne : wis
TALBRIDGB, a town in Dorfethire
with a market 4 *Toefday, and‘a manu.
facture of ftockings. Here is ah ancient
crofs, 32 feet high, on a bafe of eight feet,
It is 20 miles N by £ of Dorfethhire, and
tur W by 8 of London. Lon.2 18 w,
lat. 50 57N. ;
STALIMENE. See LEMNOS.
STaMFORD, an ‘ancient borough in
Lincolnfhire, with a market on Monday
and Friday. It is feated on the river
Welland, which is navigable hence, and
has a good trade, artictlarty in malt and
freeftone. It fends two members to par-
a mayor,
Here are fix parifh churches, me it
had formerly a college, whofe Ttudents
removed to Bisteh Nofe College, in Ox-
ford. ‘It is’ 26 miles n of Huntingdop,
and ‘96 N by w of London. Lon.o 33
w, lat. 52-42N.
“ STAMPALIO, an ifland of the Archipe-
lago, 60 miles w of Rhodes, and 37 from
the coaft of’Natolia, It is 15 miles long
and five broad, almoft without inhabit-
ants, and wants frefh water. —
“ STancuio, 4a fertile ifland of the’ Ar-
chipelago,‘ near the coaft of Natolia, 12
iniles Ng of ‘Stampalio, and 40 Nw of
fete ok It is ah ety be the aby
ace of Hippocrates and es; andis
25 miles thy and 10 broad PET he capital,
‘of the fame hame, is feated at the foot of
a mountain, at the bottom of a bay, and
hear a ‘good’ harbour. ©‘ ' api
' STANDON, a town in Hertfordhhire,
wth @ mark
of Hertfo.d
5, lat 52 56
STANEMO
gangle of
ment of Rer'
between En
Cumberland
STANHOP|
Durham, w
miles WO
don. Lon.
STANLE
with a mark
Gloucefter,
3 16 W, lat
STANMO
Middlefex,
Here is a fi
the inhabits
to fetch the
was dug,
of 150 fee
Common,,
the groum
faid to be
of Harro
here, are
Qcean.
STANM
CHURCH.
STANT
with a ma
Lincoln, <
w, lat. §
STANT
tal of the
feated. in
Stanzber;
29 miles
46 51 Ne
STAN’
York,
{ource,
7515 W
STAR
the gove
the rive
Ilmen;
Lon. 33
STAI
STA
with a market on Friday, eight miles x
of Hertfo.d and 27 of London. Lon.o 5
5) lat 51 56N.
STANEMORS, a dreary diftri& in the
zangle of Weftmorland. Here is a frag-
ment of Rerecrofs, fet up as a boundary
between England and Fcotland, when
Cumberland belonged to the latter.
STANHOPE, a town in the county of
Durham, with a market on Tuefday, 20
= miles w of Durham, and 2164.6 of Lon-
don. Lon.2 ow, lat. 54.48N.
STANLEY, a town in Gloucefterhire,
with a market on Saturday, 12 miles 8 of
Gloucefter, and 104 w of London. Lon.
236W, lat sr 40N,
STANMORE, Great, a village in
Middlefex, two miles ww of Edgware.
Here is a fine hill, trom the top of which
the inhabitants had been long accuftomed
to fetch their water ; but, in 1791, a well
was dug, and water found, at the depth
of r50 feet. On this: hill is Stanmore
om Common, which is fo very elevated, that
7 the ground floor of one of the houfes is
w faid to be on a level with the battlements
4 of Harrow church; and fome high trees
tie here, are a landmark from the German
tee Ocean.
ient STANMORE, LitTLe. See Wait-
feet. CHURCH. Ape ae :
and STANTQN,: a town in Lincolnfhire,
8 w with a market on Monday, 16 miles g of
Y Lincoln, and 129 N of London. Lon. o 2
W; lat. 53 18 N.
ty STanrz, a town of Swiflerland, capi-
day tal of the canton of Underwalden. It is
iver feated in a plain, at the foot of the
and Stanzberg, and near the lake of Lucern,
and 29 miles s of Zuric. Lon.3 22£, lat.
ar. 46 SIN./
or, STanwix, Fort, in the ftate of New
a York, feated on Mohawk river, near its
nts fource, 60 miles Nw of Albany. Lon.
yy. 75 15 Ww, lat.43 15N.
on Sraraia Russa, a town of Ruffia, in
3 , the government of Novogorod, feated on
the river Polifh, not far from the lake
‘ee Imen, 40 miles s by £ of Novogorod,
fn Lon. 33 2 £, lat. 57 40N. ,
ig STARGARD, a town of Germany, in
te Pruffian Pomerania, with a college, and
the ruins of acaftle. It has manutactures
r. of ferges, | thaloons, tammies, druggets,
4 &c. and is feated on the Ihna, 18 miles
of sr of Stetim, and 37 Nw of Land{perg.
4 Lon.a5 8£,.lat.53 32N. -
is 7 STARGARD, a town of Germany, in
‘ie Mecklenburg Strelitz, 30 miles s of New
Ba Brandenburg.
romontory of De-
dj Start Point, a
vonfhire, in the English Channel, 14 miles
STE
8 by w of Dartmouth. Lon. 3 5: w, lay
$9 gN. bh
STatsNn IsuaNp, on ifland of N Ame-
rica, which forms the county of Rich-
mond, in the ftate of New York. It ie
28 miles long and fix broad, and contains
upward of 3000 inhabitants. On the
S fide is a confiderable tra@ level
Staten Lanp, a barren c ifland,
on the s& fide of the iflands which form
the ftraits of Magellan, in 55° 5 lat.
Between this ifland and Tierra del-Fuego
is the ftrait of Le Maire.
STAVANGER, a feaport in Norway, in
the province of Bergen, capital of a terri-
tary of the fame name, with a bithop's fee.
It is feated on a peninfula, near the for-
trefs of Dofwick, 75 miles s of Bergen.
Lon. 5 458, lat.s59 6m.
STAVEREN, an ancient feapert of the
‘United Provinces, in Friefland, formerly
a confiderable town, but now much de-
cayed, the harhour being choked up with
fand. It is feated on the Zuider-Zee,
eight miles w of: Slooten, and’ t5 ne of
Enchuyfen. Lon. 5 138, lat. 52 54.N.
STAUBBACH, a celebrated cataract of
Swifferland, near the village of Lauter-
brunnen, in the canton of Bern. It ruthes
down a precipice 930 feet high with fuch
impetuolity, as to refolve itfelf into a fine
fprays which, viewed in fome particular
ituations, refembles acloud of duit. Hence
it derives its name; the word Staubbach,
in German, fignifying a fpring of duft.
The roaring noife it makes is accompa-
nied by a tempelt, occafioned by the vio-
lent agitation of the air, excited by the
rapidity of the fall. The brook which
forms this torrent is named the Kupfet- _
Bachlein, or Rivwlet of Copper.
STAUNTON, a town of Virginia, on
the river Potomac.
STEENBERGEN, a {trong town of Dutch
Brabant, in the marquifate of Bergen-op-
Zoom.” It has a communication with the
Maefe, and is feven miles N of Bergen-op-
zoom, and 17 w of Breda. Lon.4 288,
lat. 51 32N. a
STEZNKIRK, 2 village of Auftrian
Hainault, famous for the victory obtained
over William 111, in 1692, by the duke
of Luxemburg. It is 15 miles N of Mons,
and 16 w of Bruffels.
STEENWICK,,a ftrong town cf the
United Provinces, in Overyfiel, feated on
the .tiver Aa, ae SE of Slooten,
. n 4
STE
amd 3a.N.ef Deventer. .Lon.’s 50 8, lat.
52 SON.
STLAEHURG, 2 feaport of Sweden, in
E Gothland, feated on:the Baltic, 2 smiles
s. of Nikoping, end 8 sw of Stockholm.
Lon. 16 40.8) lat. 68.161N.
Srein, a {mall independent town of
Swiflerland, under the protection of the
ton of Zuric. It is fentedion the
thine, where it iffues from the lake of
Conftance, 15 miles w ot Conitance, and
ag NE of Zuric. . Lon. 8 482, lat.47
32 N.
STEINHEIM, a town of Germany, in
the ele&torate of Mentz, {eated on a hill,
near the river Maine, with a caftle, nine
railes from Francfort, Lon. 8 548, ‘lat.
49 52N.
STBKE, a town of Denmark, on the
N coaft of the ifle of Mona, witha cattle.
It is almolt furrounded by a lake. Lon.
42 158, lat. 55 4N.
_ STENAY, a “fortified town of France,
in the department of Meufe and late
§ TI
is 20 miles NE of Francfort on Oder,
Lon. 3 32.8, lat. 52 gon.
STERTZINGEN, a town of Germany,
inthe.Tirol, feated at the foot of a moun.
tain, on the river Eyfoch, 12 miles sw of
Brixen.
Sretin, or StetrtTin, a feaport of
Germany, capital of Pruflian Pomera-
nia, and of a duchy of the fame name,
with a caftle. Jt is a flourithing place,
and carries on a confiderable trade. In
1795, a dreadful fire coniiumed a great
number of houles. It is feated on the
Oder, 7o miles N by £ of Berlin, and 72
N of Francfort.. Lon. 14 388, lat. 53
35.N-
STEVENAGE,.a town in Hertfordhire,
with a market on Friday, 12 miles nnw
of Hertford, and 31 N by w of London.
Lon.o 10 w, lat. 51 '59N.
SreEVENSWAERT, ,@ fortrefs of Dutch
Guelderland, feated on the Maefe,.20 miles
NE of Maettricht.
SrewarT's [SLANDS, five iflands in
duchy of Bar, {eated on the river Meufe, the ‘Pacific Ocean, difcovered by captain
24 miles N by w of Verdun. Lon.539£, Hunter in 1791, and named by him in
lat. 50 a8.N. honour of admiral Keith Stewart. Lon,
STENDAL, a town of Germany, in the 163 18, lat.8 26s.
marquilate of Brandenburg, feated on the = SrgyNING, a borough in Suffex, with
Ucht, 30 miles n by & of Magdeburg. a market on Wednefday. . It fends two
Lon. 12 6£, lat. 52 41 N. » members to parliament, and is 15 miles w
STENFORT, a town of Weltphalia, in of Lewes, and 51:8 by w of London.
the county of Bentheim, withan academy, Lon.o 15 w, lat.s0 56N.
feated' on the Vecht, 16 miles Nw of STEYRE, a town of Upper Auftria, in
Muniter. Lon. 7 41 £, lat. §2 15 .N. the quarter of Traun. Jt carries on a
STENNIS, a village in the ifland of great trade in irony and is feated at the
Orkney. At this place, between Kirk- confluence of the Steyre and Ens, 20 miles
wall and Stromne(fs, is a curious bridge, sz of Lintz. Lon.14 238, lat. 48 6N.
or cauleway, acrofs anarrow'neck of land, STILIGIANO, a town of Naples, in
between two lakes. At the end of this Bafilicata, famous for its baths, and feated
caufeway, fome ftones of aftonifhing mag- near the river Salandrella.
nitude, and 20 feet high, have been STILTON, & town in Huntingdonhhire,
erested; and there are many other huge which gives name to a rich kind of cheele,
maffes of ftone in the neighbourhood, ° faid, however, not to be the product of
very fimilar to Stonehenge, on Salifbury its neighbourhood, but of Melton Mow-
Plain. bray, in Leicefterfhire. It is 14 miles s by
STePNEY, a village E of .Londun, £ of Stamford, and75 N by E of London.
and almoft contiguous .to it. Its pwrith Stiria, a duchy of Germany, in the
was of fuch extent, and fo much increafed circle of Auftria, 125 miles Jong. and 17
in buildings, as to produce the parifhes of ' broad; bounded on the N iby.the arch-
St. Mary, at Bow; St. Mary, Whitecha-. duchy of Auttria, on the E by Hungary,
1; St. Ann, Limehoufe; St. George, on the s by Carniola, and on the w by
atcliff Highway; Chrift-church, Spiral-. Carinthia and Saltzburg. Though a
fields ; and St. Matthew, Bethnal Greens; mountainous country, there is a great
and yet it remains one of the largait pa- deal of land. fit for tillage, and the ‘foil iis
rithes in the bills of mortality, and con- fertile. It contains mines of wery good
tains the hamlets of ‘Mile-End Qld ‘Town, iron, whence. the arms? made. ‘here are in
Mile-End New Town, Ratcliff, and Pop-» great efteem, The: inhabitants are very
lar. : fimple, and. zealous »worfhippers of the
STERNBERG, atown of Germany, in virgin Mary: the women have :all fwel-
‘the marquifate of Brandenburg. ‘!It.car-’ lings ‘on their throats, called ‘broncho-
Ties on.g gveat’ commerce in Cattle,tand eles, , Gratz is the capital... .
ate places
and its neigh
of carpets,
fuffs: that:
Souris 18
m
pos ro th
art of Scotl
Edinburgh.
STOCHEM
bifhopric of
12 miles N
lat. §3 4.N-
STOCKAK
landgravate
Wee oe the
Conftance.
STOCKBE
fhire, with
is governed
bers to park
of Winche!
don. Lon.
STOCKH
in a fituatic
fcenery ° J
fulas, fever
in the Mae
from. that |
tic. AY
formed ‘by
rifing bok
water, ‘par
partly do
with wooc
the Baleie
that fhips
“"’ereaas dtd? [mh mate
=—_— SS .—lCUrSl a
$s T'O
GrsRLANG, the capital of Stirlingthire,
fated on the trick Of Forth, ona hill,
which ‘terminates abruptly in a fteep
rock. On this.rock is an ancient caftle,
often the refidence of the kings of Scot-
nd, and in which James vi fpent the
whole of his minority, under the tuition
of Buchanan. In the laft rebellion, it
was fuccelsfully defended by general
Blakeney. The outfide of the palace is
curioufly encircled with various grotefque
figures. The church is a magnificent
hic ftruéture, and ferves for two {e-
parate places of worthip. In the town
and its neighbourhood are manufactures
of carpets, fhaloons, and other woollen
ftuffs: that of tartans, formerly very
flourifhing, is now on the decline. Stir-
ling, from its commodious fituation,
commands the pafs between the N and s
part of Scotland. It is 30 miles Nw of
Edinburgh. Lon. 4 §9W, lat. 56 6N. —
STIRLINGSHIRE, a county of Scot-
land, bounded on the Nn and NE by Perth-
fhire, on the g by the frith of Forth, on
ue SE by Linlithgowfhire, on the s by
Dumbartonfhire, and on the w by that
county and Loch Lomond. It is 30 miles
in length, and not more than 13 in its
greatelt breadth.
STIRUM, a town of pry, Pe the
duchy of Berg, feated on the » 12
miles N of Bufieldorp. Lon. 6 52 £,
lat. 51 24.N. Wee
STOCHEM, a town of Germany, in the
bifhopric of Liege, feated on the Maefe,
12 miles N of Maettricht. Lon. 5 428,
lat. §3 4.N.
STOCKAK, a town of Suabia, in the
landgravate of Nellenburg, feated on a
river of the fame name, 12 miles N of
Conftance. Lon.9 108, lat.47 50N,
STOCKBRIDGE, a h in Hamp-
thire, with a market on Thurfday. Ie
is governed by a mayor, fends two mem-
bers to parliament, and is nine miles Nw
of Winchefter, and 67 w by s of Lon-
don. Lon.1 30 Ww, lat. $19 N.
STOCKHOLM, the capital of Sweden,
in a fituation remarkable for its romantic
feenery. Jt occupies, befide two penin-
fulas, feven fmall rocky iflands, fcattered
in the Maeler, in the ftreams which iffue
frem.that lake, and in a bay of the Bal-
tic. A variety of contrafted views are
formed ‘by numberlefs rocks of granite,
rifing boldly from the furface of . the
water, partly bare and partly craggy, and
partly dotted, with: houfes, or feathered
with wood, ‘The. harbour is an-iniet of
the Baltic, and the water of fuch: depth,
that thips of the Jargeft ‘burden can :ap-
STO
proach the quay. At the extremity of
the harbour, feveral ftreets rile one.
another, in the form of an amphitheatre;
and the palace, a magnificent building,
crowns the fummit. Except. in the
fuburbs, where feveral houles are of
wood, painted red, the generality of the
buildings are of ftone, or of brick ftuccoed.
white. Stockholm is 200 :miles.nz of
Copenhagen, and goo NE of London.
Lon. 18 98, lat. 59 20N.
STocKkPort, uw town in Chehhire, with
a market on Friday. It is one of themoft
confiderable places in the: kingdom for the
manufacture of cotton and printed goods,
and is feated on the Merfey, fix miles sof
Manchetter, and 175 NNW of London.
Lon. 2 18 w, lat. 55 35.N.
STOCKTON, a flourifhing town in the
county of Durham, with a market on
oT nee It has a large manufac. ve
of failcloth, a trade in lead, corn, and
butter, and is noted for its good ale. It
is feated on the river Tees, not far from
its mouth, 1% miles ssz of Durham, and
244.N by w of London. Lon. 1 6 w, ilat.
54 38.N-
STocKzow, a town of Silefia, in the
easadity of Tefchen, feated on the
iftula, 22 miles sz of Teichen. ‘Lon.
38 328, lat.49 45.N.
SToKE, a village in Dorfethine, nw
of Wareham, commonly called Easr
Sroxe. At Highwood, near this village,
in 1750, on opening a tumulus, three
urns were taken up full of decayed bones.
SToKe, a village it Norfolk, se of
Downham, with a ferry on the Stoke,
which is navigable to it from the Oufe.
Sroxg, a village in Suffolk, near Ney~
Jand. It has a church on a hill, whofe
tower is 320 feet high, and is a ‘landmark
to fhips that pafs the mouth of the har-
bour of Harwich, at 13 miles diftance.
Sroxe, or Sroke .Poces, a village
in Buckinghamfhire, four miles Nng of
Windfor. “Its churchyard was the fcene
of Gray's celebrated Elegy,
STOKECOMER, a town in Somerfet-
‘fhire, 26 miles w of Wells, and 152 .w
by s of London. Leg
STOKE DaBERNON, a village in Surry,
four miles w by s of Epfom. Near it is
Jeflop’s Well, a fulphureous {pring, fome-
thing of the fame kind as that of Harros
gate, in Yorkfhire. ‘ cy
STOKESLEY, a town in the N riding
of York:hire, with a market on saturday,
36 miles N.of, York, .and 239 N-by w-of
London. Lon.1 2 wy, lat. 54 29N.
» ‘6TOLBERG, ‘a town:of. Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, capital of a county of
$s T. 0
fame name, with a caftle, where the: count
refides. It is feated in'a valley between
two mountains, 10 miles w of Nordhau-
den, and 58 Nw of Leipfick. Lon.11 8
By lat. 53 42.N.
STOLHOFFEN, a town of Suabia,; in
the marquifate of Baden, feate in 2
morais, near the Rhine, eight miles sw
of Baden, and.s2 NE of Strafburg. Lon,
$3 rok, lat.g8 41 NL
STOLPEN, a town of Germany, in
Pruffian Pomerania, feated in a valley, on
a river of the fame name, 50 miles Ne of
Colberg, and..66 Nw of Dantzic. Lon.
16 458, lat. 54 32N.
Srone, «town in Staffordfhire, with
amarketon Tuefday, feated on the Trent,
feven miles n by w of Stafford, and 140
nw of London. Lon. 2 6 w, lat. 52
54.
STONEBYRES, a remarkable cataract
in Lanerkfhire. See Cuyne.
STONEHAM, NorRTH AND SOUTH,
two villages in Hants, feated on the Itchen,
three mil*s NE of Southampton. In the
church of the former is an elegant monu-
ment, erected in 1783,/ to the memory of
admiral lord Hawke.
STONEHENGE, a remarkable heap of
ftones, on Salifbury Plain, fix miles n of
Salifbury. It confilts of feveral very large
tones; placed on one another, and 1s fup-
fed to have been a temple of the ancient
Druids, becaufe it is in a circular. form,
and feems to have been much more regu-
Jar than it appears to be at prefent. It
has puzzled many diligent inquirer: to
account for the laying of thofe enormous
ftones one upon another ; for they arefo
heavy, that it is thought no method now
known is fufcient to have raifed thofe
that lie acrofs, to that height.
STONEHAVEN, or STONEHIVE, a
town in Kincardineshire, with a good
harbour fecured by aftone pier. Nearitare
the ruins of the famous caitle of Dummotyr,
formerly the refidence of the hereditary
ear) marfhal of Scotland: it ftands on a
lofty perpendicular rock almoft furrounded
by the fea. Not far hence, is a precipit-
ous cliff, called Fowl's Cleugh, remark-
able for the refort of the birds called kit-
tiwakes, the young of which are much
fought after in. the hatching feafon. . In
this town is a manufacture of canva{s, and
fome trade in drici fith and oil. This
oil is obtained. chiefly from the dogfith,
great quantities: of which are taught on
‘this cosa. Stonehaven is'14 miles s by w
af Aberdeen, ... ‘
STORMARIA, a. principaljty in :the
duchy of Holiteiny bounded on the n by
4
| STO
Holitein Proper, on the z:by
Wageria ai
Lawenburg, and on thes and why. re
senburg and Bremen, from which it is
feparated by the Elbe. Gluckftadt is the
capital. ,
‘ STORNAWAY, a flourithing town of
Scotland, in the ifle of Lewis. It ha
harbour called Loch Stornaway, on tiie :
fide of the n divifion of the ifland.
EFORTFORD, or BIsHoP’s STORT-
FORD, a town ir, Hertfordfhire, with a
market on Thuriday. It is feated on th
fide of a hill, on ihe river Stort, which
has been made navigable hence to the Lea.
On the & fide are the ruins of a caftle, on
an artificial mount. Tt is 12 miles NE of
Hertford, and 30 n of London. Lon.o
12E, lates: 55 WN.
Srour, a river which rifes on the moft
northerly point of Dortetthire, wathes
Sturminfer and Blandford, then flows to
the Hampthire border, and enters the fea
at Chriitchurch, ’
SrouR, a river in Kent, which rifes
in the Weald, flows by Canterbury, and
enters the fea below Sandwich. ,
STOUR, a river which forms the intire
boundary between Effex ar“ Suffolk,
watering Clare, Sudbury, Neyland, and
Manningtree; and, being joined by the
Orwell trom Iptwich, forms the noble har-
hour of Harwich.
STOUR, a river in Staffordfhire, which
runs through the s angle of that county
in its-courfe to the Severn, in Worcefter-
fhire.
STOURBRiPCE, a town in Worcefier-
fhire, with a market on Friday. It is
feated on the Stour, over which is a bridge,
and is noted for its glafs and iron works.
It is 22 miles: n of Worcefter, and i24
Nw of London. Lon. 2 ow, lat. 52 32N.
STOURBRIDGE, or STURBICH, a field
sear Cambridge, famous for an annual
fair on the 7th of September, which con-
tinues a fortnight. These are many
tradefinen go thither from London, as
well as from other parts ; and the commo-
dities are horfes, hops, iron, wood, lea-
ther, cheefe, &c. This fair is under
the jurifdiétion of the univerfity of Cam-
bridge. is
STOURMINSTER; a town in Dorfet-
fhire, with a:market on Thuriday, and
remarkable for, the ruins of an ancient
caftle near it, wiich was the feat of the
W Saxon kings. Itis feated on the Stour,
over which ig a ftone bridge, 20 miles Nz
of Dorchefter, and 111 w by s of London.
Lon. 2 37'W, lat.50 56N.
STOURPORT; a town in Woreefter-
thire,-which, from a plain field, is become
within a fe
thriving cep
is feated opy
fordfhire an
the Severn, ,
ftone bridge
miles $ of |
STOW, a
a market or
on the Wor
ona bleak
and water.
and 77 W
wy lat. 53
STOWE’
with a mz
Lon. 3 9
Stow-!
with a-ma
between th
Orwell, a
wich. It
fine(t in E
nufaéture
nw of Ip
Lon.1 61
STRAD
the Milar
on the Ve
Pavia, ai
I2E; lat
STRAI
CaLals.
STRAE
in Prufhii
Gueldres
STRAI
many, ii
it furre
burg,
in onen
hither
Sweden
five gred
in 171
Sweden
is almo
jake Fri
from th
It is t¢
NE of
t7N.
STR
in the
narrow|
Strang?
E of I
STR
of the
E coal
and fi
cefier.
It is
ridge,
rorks,
l i24
32N,
field
nnual
} con.
many
Ny as
mmo.
, lea-
under
Cam-
or fet.
, and
cient
f the
tour,
8 NE
don.
ter.
some
STR
within a few years, a very bufy and
thriving ceptre of inland navigation. It
Bis feated oppofite the pace where the Staf-
fordfhire and Worcefterfhire Canal enters
the Severn, over which river it has a long
fone bridge, finifhed in 1775. It is four
miles $ of Kiddermintter.
Stow, a town in Gloucefterfhire, with
amarket on Thurfday: Some call it Stow
on the Would; and it is not only feated
on a bleak hill, but is deftitute of wood
and water. It is 11 miles s of Campden,
and 77 w by Nf London. Lon.1 50
wy lat. 51 5q4.N.
Stowgy, a town in Somerfethhire,
with a market on Tuefday, 22 miles w
of Wells, and 145 w by $ of London.
Lon. 3 9 W, lat. 51 10N.
STOW-MARKET, a town in Suffolk,
with a-market on Thurfday. It is feated
between the branches of the Gipping and
Orweil, and has a navigable cut to Ipf-
wich. Its cherries are thought to be the
fineft in England, and it has a large ma-
nufagture of woollen ftuffé. It is 12 miles:
nw of Ipfwich, and 75 NNE of London.
Lon.1 6 £, lat. 52 16N.
STRADELLA, a ftrong town of Italy, in
the Milanefe, with a caftle. It is feated
on the Verfa, near the Pu, 10 miles se of
Pavia, and 47 NW of Parma. Lon.9
12B, lat.45 5N.
StraiTs OF Caxais. See Pas De
Cavals.
STRAELEN, atown of the Netherlands,
in Pruffiun Guelderland, five miles sw of
Gueldres, Lon. § 57£, lat. 51 23N.
STRALSUND, 2 ftrong feaport of Ger-
many, in Swedith Pomerania. In 1678,
it furrendered to the elector of Branden-
burg, after 1800 houfes had been burnt
in onenight. C’.arles x, in 1714, came
hither after his return from Turkey ; but
Sweden not being able to hold out againft
five great powers, it was forced to fubmit
in 1715. In 1720, it was reftored to
Sweden, but in a very poor condition. It
is almoft furrounded by the Baltic and the
jake Francen, and has a harbour feparated
trom the ifle of Rugen by a narrow ftrait.
It is 15 miles Nw of Gripfwald, and 40
NE of Guftrow. Lon. 13 28 8, ‘at. 54.
17 N,
STRANGFORD, a feaport of Ireland,
in the county of Down, feated on the
narrow channel’ that connects Lough
Strangford with the Irith Sea, feven miles «
E of Down. Lon. 5 30 W, lat. 54 33 N.
STRANGFORD, Loven, a deep inlet
of the fea, in the county of Down, on the’
E coaft of Ireland. It is 17 miles lon
and five broad, and abounds with excel-
s
STR
lent fith, particularly fmelts; and off the
bar, about Auguft, is a periodical her-
ving fithery. ‘The bar, or entrance into
it from the Irih Sea, is three miles below
Strangford. It contains 54 iflands, that
have names, and many others that are
namelefs. The butning of kelp profitabl
employs a great number of hands in the
iflands.. Four of them are called Swan
Ifands, from the number of fwans that
frequent them.
STRANRAWER, 2 borough in nie
fhire, fituate on Loch Ryan. It has a
manufacture of linen, and is eight miles
w of Glenluce. Lon. 5 15 w, lat. 55
ON.
STRASBURG, an ancient, populous,
and: commercial city of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine and late pro-
vincz of Alface. It is fituate near the
Rhine; and the river Ui runs through it,
and forms many canals. There are fix
bridges of communication between the
different quarters of the city; and the
inhabitants, exclufive of the garrifon,
are computed to be 46,000. The princi-
pal ftru¢tures are built of a red ftone, dug
rom the quarries which are along the
Rhine. his town, formerly imperial,
was taken by Lewis x1v in 1681. The
citadel and fortifications, which he con-
ftrusted, have been fo much augmented,
that Strafburg*may be confidered as one
of the ftrongeft places in Europe. It was
confirmed to France by the peace of Ryf-
wick in 1697. ‘The town is entered
fix gates. Before the revolution of 17%9,
it was an archiepifcopal fee, but is now
a bifhopric. In the cathedral is a clock,
which fhows the motions of the conftella-
tions, the revolutions of the fun and moon,
the days of the week, the hours, &c. Ano.
ther remarkable cireumftanee in this ca-
thedral is its pyramidical tower, which is ”
549 feet high, and is afcended by 63¢
fteps. Here is a {choo of artillery; and,
in one of the Lutheran churches, the mau.
foleum of marfhal Saxe. Strafburg is ¢¢
miles n of Bafil, and 255 = of Paris.
Lon. 7 51 £, lat. 48 35N.
STRASBURG, 2 ftrong town of Weftern
Pruflia, in Culm, witha catile. It was
often taken and retaken in the wa: he-
tween the Swedes and Poles, and is feated
on the Drigentz, 30 miles from Thom.
Lon. 18 23 By lat. $3 §N.
STRATFOR®, a confiderable village in
Effex, feparated from Bow, in Middiefex,
by the river Lea, over which is a bridge,
faid to be the moft ancient ftone one in
a It is feur miles Ene of Lon-
en. ‘
STR
. STRATFORD .ON .AVON, a .corporate
town in, Warwick hhire,with:a market on
Thuriday... It.is governed by a mayor,
and {eated on.the. Avon, over which is a
ftone bridge. with 13 great and 6 {mall
' arches, it is syn 4 as the birth-
ag ‘of Shakfpeare, who was_ buried
re in 1616, .It is eight miles sw. of,
Warwick, and.94. Nw, of-London. Lon.
1:44 W, lat.52.45N,. |
STRATFORD, FENNY; a town in Buck-
inghamfhire, with a market on Monday,
feated on the Roman Watling-ftreet, 12
miles £ of Buckingham, and 45. Nw of
af London. Lon.o 42 w, lat. §1 58 N.
“STRATFORD, St. MARy’Ss, a confi-
derable village in Suffolk, which has a
fhare.in the woollen manufacture. It is
12.miles sw of :Iptwich. sini
STRATFORD, STONY, an ancient town
in Buckinghambhire, with: a market.on
Friday. It is feated on.the Oufe, and on
the Roman highway, called Watling-
{treet,.and has two churches. It.is eight
miles ng of Buckingham, and 52. Nav. of
London. » Lon.o 50 W, lat. 52 3 N.
STRATHAVON, a town in Lanerk-
fhire, to the s of Hamilton. It is fur-
rounded by a little fertile tract, from
which it takes its name. :-
‘STRATHEARN, a vale in Perthhhire,
extending many miles to the w. It is
Skreened onthe N by the Grampian moun-
tains,;and on the s by the Ochils; the
river Earn winding through it above 20
miles.
* STRATHMORE, avalley in Kincardine-
fhire, one of the fineft tracts in Scotland.
It begins near Stonehaven, extending sw
almoit as tar as Ben Lomend, and is fhel-
tered to the Nw. by the Grampian moun-
tains.
STRATHMORE, a.river in Sutherland-
fhire, that falls into Loch Hope. Onthis
river are the ruins of a curious ancient
fort, called Dornadilla.
' STRATHNAVER, a diftrict in Suther-
Jandfhire, which comprifes the Nz part of
that county. It takes its name from the
the river Naver.
_ STRATHSPEY, a fertile valley in Mur-
raylhire, famous for giving name to a
opulrr fpecies of Scotch mufic, Tul-
echgorum, Rothiemerchus, and feveral
other places, celebrated in fong, are-met
with in this vale.
,; STRAT HY, a river in Sutherlandhhire,
wvhigh:flows into an extenfive bay of the
‘North Sea, fheltered by a large promon-
toty, to whichit gives name. . |. |
_ STRATTON, a town in Cornwall, with
a market on Tuelday. It is vated be-
STR
tween two rivulets, which he i
fall into the Briftol Channel at” mg :
diftance. It ¥ 18 ‘miles ww of Launcef-
ton, and 221 w by's of London. Lon
+43 W, lat.:50 55N. 5
TRAUBING, a town of Bayari i
tal of a territory of the fame fame 3 s
a large place, with broad ftreets, hand.
fome churches, and fine convents. It
pearly at
vtabited,
care is take
crater, whtic
of all the
Srrombolo
purris with
yius often ]
even years,
of fire 5
was taken, in 1743, by the Auftri
who demolifhed the fortifications By it Oe “a
was reftored in 1745. It is feated on the a n fs.
Danube, 22, miles sz of Ratifbon, and 65 aise ROM
NE of Munich. Lon, 12 35, dat. 48 the ifland
54 Be, : : Ae harbour,
STREATHAM, @ village in Surry, five . STRON
miles s of London. A mineral water of the bifhop:
a cathartic quality, was difcovered in thie {mall dift
parith, in 1660, decVort,
-STRELITZ, OLD, a town of Lower ILE, lat.
Saxony, in the duchy of Meckleaburg C *STRON
Strelitz. It had a palace which was | Calabria
burnt down in the night, in 1712; duke It is feate
Adolphus Frederic II, and his family others, t
ay efcaping. It is feated ina plain, N of St.
almoft furrounded by moraffes, 35 milee N
sw of New Brandenburg. : arms
STRELITZ, NEW, a towns hs Ly f the O
of Mecklenburg Strelitz, which owes its Mainline
origin to the deftruction of the ducal pa- STRO
lace in Old Strelitz; in confequence of with a
which, duke Adolphus Frederic III, be- on a bro
gan toerect a magnificent palace, two adapted
miles from the fite of the old one, ata are crow
piece called Glieneke, which was before m and at
iis hunting feat; and, in 1733, he rogrefs
founded a new town adjoining to the eat
palace, and ordered it to be called New
Strelitz. It is regularly planned in the
form of aitar. The centre isa {pacious
market. place, and thence a number of
ftreets branch out in ftraight lines. The
chief treet leads to the palace, and the
next to a pleafant lake. ;
STRENG, or STRENGUES, a town of bf tii
Sweden, in Sudermania, with’ a bifhop's { Stu
fee, and a college. It is feated on the yy to the «
lake Maeler, 30 miles w of Stockholm, mil
Lon. 17 40 £; lat. 59 20N. ir 47
STROMA, a {mall ifland, on the coatt Sru
of Caithnefsthire, once ufed, as.a place of Lower
interment, by the inhabitants of feveral of wht
the neighbouring iflands. In the caverns hechu!
of this:ifland, uncorrupted human bodies, and b
that had been dead.fixty years, or morc, etme
were formerly.to be Ri : in the
STROMBOLOS the .moft northern of the 4 & nce
Lipari Ifland:, ,Jt. is.a volcano, which a fia, .
rifes in a .cenjgal form above the furface of Pr b
the fea.. On the 2 file, it has three or 7
four littie cratersuwanged ncar‘each other, ba §
Hot at the Summit, but on the declivity,
§T U -¢up
searly at two thirds ofits height. Itis capital‘of theduchyof Wirtemburg. I¢
jhabited, notwithftanding its fires; but is furroundéd py’ walls: and ‘ditches, and
care is taken to avoid the proximity of the hasan ancient caftle, witlra rich cabjneg
crater, which is yet much to be feared. of curiofities, a ducal palaces an‘orphan
Of all the volcanos recorded in hiftory, houfe, anda college: The’ ftreers are
Strombolo feems to be the only one that narrow in the city, and the houtes geneé
S burs without ceafiitg, Etna and'Vefa rally of wood; but'there are ‘fine houfes,
vius often lié quic’ for many months, and and ftraight ftreets, in-one of the faburbs2
even years, without the leaft appearance Stutgard was taken by the Frenetr in June
of fire; but Srombolo is eyer at work, 1796- Itis feated inaplaih among moun:
and, for ages paft, has been looked upon tains, near the river Neckar, 36 miles E of
as the great lighthoufe of the Mediterra- Baden, and 52 nex of Stcafburg. Lom: g
nean Sea. Lon.15 45 8; lat. 38 40N. 108, lat. 48 50 N.
STROMNESS, a townon the wfideof | SUABrA, a circle of Germany, bounded,
the ifland of Orkney, with an excellent onthe N by Franconia and the cncie of the
harbour, nine miles w of Kirkwall... Lower Rhine, on the w by that circle
STRONBERG, a town of Germany, in and Alface, on the s by Swiflerland, and
the bifhopric of Munfter, and capital of a onthe & by Bavaria. It contains the
fall diftri&t. It is 20°miles Nw of Pa- duchy of Wirtemburg, the margravate of
derborn, and 22 se‘of Munfter. Lon.g Baden, the principalities of Hoew-Zollern,
14, lat. 51 49N. | Oetingen, and*Mindelheim, the bifhoprics '
STRONGOLI, a town of Naples, in of Augibur: » Conftance, ‘and Coire, with
Calabria Citeriore, with a.bifhop’s fee. feveral -abbies, and impériat towns:
It is feated on a high rock, furrounded by The French republicans’ overrun this
others, three miles trom the iéa, andfeven country in the beginning of 1796, but
N of St. Severino. Lon.17 268, lat.39 Were compelled to evacuate it’ before the
20N. “end of the year..
STRONSA, an ifland of Scotland, one SUANE. SeeSoana.
of the Orknies, fituate Ne of that called Svanes, Suani, or SUANETI, a poor
Mainland. sab - and fimple-people of Afia, who’ inhabit
SrRoup, a town in Gloucefterfhire, one of the fom divifions of Imeritia.
with a market on Friday. It is feated ‘They fubfift by raifing' cattle, and by a
on a brook, whofe waters being peculiarly little agriculture.. i
adapted to the dying of fearlet, its bauks SvaQquam, a feaport of Africa, in the
are crowded with the houfes of clothiers ; country of Abex, feated on‘a fmall iffand
and a navigable canal accompanies its of the fame name, on the w ude of: the
progrefs to the Severn. This canal has Red'Sea.’ It is the refidenceofa Turkith
een lately extended to join the Thames governor under the bafhaw of Cairo, and
at Lechlade. See THAMES. Stroud is was once a very flouriffiing place, but is
11 miles sz of Gloucefter, and t22 w by N- Ow gone to decay. Lon. 37 558, lat.
of London. Lon. 2 8 w, lat. 51 42 N. 19 56N,
Stroup, a confiderable village in | SvBBIACO, a town of Italy, in Cam-
Kent, which joins the n end of Rochefter pagna di Roma, witha caftle, feated on
bridge, being parted from the city by the the Teverone, 43 miles B of Rome.
river Medway. It is 29 miles gz of | Success Bay, a bay of S America,
London. ; in Tierra del Fuego. © ‘The s promontory,
STULINGEN, a2 town of Suabia, fubjeé&t at its entrance, called*Cape Succefy, is in
to the duke of Furftenburg, witha caltle, lon. 65 27w, lat.¢g 1s. |” ‘
35 miles w of Conftance. Lon. 8 248, SUDBURY, a borougi: in Suffolk, with
lat. 4.7 45N. amarket on Saturday. It contains three
Si) ULWBISSENBURG, a ftrong town of ancient churches, is governed bya mayor,
Lower Hungary, capital of Ekekeridege- and {ends two members to parliament’.
war. It had the title of regalis, or royal, It was one of the firft feats of the Flemings,
becautt formerly the kings were crowned who were brought over by Edward 111,
and buried here. It has been feveral toteach the Englifh the art of manufac-
times taken by the Turks, but has.been turing their own wool. Its trade is now
in the hands of the houfe of Auftria ever diverted, in great part, into. other ‘chan-
fince 1688. It is féated on the Rau- nels; but many kinds of thin ftuffs are
fiza, 20, miles. sw of Buda, and’ 162 {till made here, particularly fays, bunt-
u by w of Belgrade. Lon. 18 go £, lat. ing for navy colours, and burial. crapes.
47 19 N. . It is feated on the Stour (whicttis navi-
StTUTGARD, apopulous city of Suabia, gable hence to Manningtree) 14 miles sk
é
SUF
ef Bury St. Edmund’s, and 56 nz of Lon-
on. Lon.o 50.8, lat 52 11 N.
SupDeERCOPING, a town of Sweden, in
E Gothland, 10 miles s of Nordkioping,
and go sw of Stockholm. Lon.15 56 £,
lat. 58 r9N.
SUDERMANIA, or SUDERMANLAND, a
province of Sweden Proper, .62 miles
and.42 broad; bounded on the n by
Upland. and Weftermania, on the £ by the
penin{fula of Tarin, on the s by the Bal.
tic, and on the w by Nericia. It is the
moft fd part in Sweden, and
abounds in corn, and mines of divers
metals, Nikoping is the capital.
Suporeg, one of the Faro Iflands, in
the Northern Ocean; remarkable for a
dangerous whirlpool near it, which is oc-
cafioned by a crater, 61 fathom deep in
the centre, and between 50 and) 55 at the
fides. The danger, efpecially ‘in ftorms,
is very great; fhips are irrefiftibly drawn
in, and the waves beat fo high, that an
efcape is almoft miraculous; yet, at the
reflux, and in voy ill weather, the in-
habitants venture vats, for the fake
of fifhing. purty
SuEz, a feaport of Egypt, with a caf-
tle, feated at the n end of the w gulf of
the Red Sea, called the gulf of Suez.
This gulf is feparated from the Medi-
terranean, by an ifthmus, 125 miles over,
which joins Afia to Africa. The town
is furrounded by a fandy country, and is
without water. It is much crowded with
people, when the Turkith gallies arrive
there, but at other times, is almoft de-
ferted; and the harbour is too fhallow to
admit thips of great burden. It is (5
miles Ee of Cairo. Lon, 32 45 &y lat.
‘g02N.
- SUFFOLK, a county of England, 58
miles long and 28 broad ; bounded on the
w by Cambridgefhire, on the N by Nor-
folk, on the s by Effex, and on the & b
the German Ocean. It lies in the diocefe
of Norwich; contains 22 hundreds, 28
market-towns, and §75 parifhes; and
fends 16 members to parliament. The
air is clear and healthy. The foil is of
various qualities, but the country in ge-
neral level. ‘That near the thore is fandy
and full of heaths, yet abounds in rye,
peas, turnips, carrots, and hemp, with
numerous flocks of fheep. Copious beds
of petrified thells, called thell-rmarl, which
are found in various parts between Wood-
bridge and Orford, have for many years
been made ufe of for improving light
land. High Suffolk, or the Woodlands,
which is in the inlazid part, has a rich
deep clay and marl, that yields good paf-
SUM
ture, on which feed abundance of cattle
That part on the confines of Effex and
Cambridgefhire, atfords alfo excellent af-
ture; and to the N and Nw it js fruitful
incom. Its principal produce is butter
and cheefe; but.as the latter is only fup-
plementary to the former, it has gained
almoft proverbiallyy the charaéter of the
worft in England. The farmers are opu-
lent and fkiltubj and have an excellent breed
of draught bérfes.. The principal riversare
the Stour, Waveney, Little Ouie, Larke,
Deben, Gipping, and Orwell. Ipiwich
is the principal town; but the affizes are
held at Bury St. Edmund's,
SUFFOLK, a town of the United States,
in-Virginia, on James River.
SUGELMESSA, or SIGELMESSA, a pro-
vince ot Barbary, bounded on the s by the
kingdom of Tafilet, and on the n by
Mount Atlas; It is about 100 miles in
length ; abounds in-corh, dates, and other
fruits, and has mines of iron, lead, and
antimony. ‘The government is a repub-
lic. The capital, of the fame name, is
feated on the Zig, 150 miles NNE of
Tafilet. Lon. 5 5W, lat.29 gon.
SULLY, atown of France, in the de-
partment of Loiret and late province of
Orleanois, feated on the Loire, 20 miles
SE. of Orleans. -. Lon. 2 268, lat. 47
40N,
SULMONA, a town of Naples, in Ab-
ruzzq Citeriore, remarkable for being the
birthplace of Ovid. It is feated on the
Sora, 26 miles sw of Chieti. Lon. 14,
Ԥ5E, lat.42 ON,
SULTANIA, a confiderable town of
Perfia, in Irac-Agemi, Here isa very
magnificent moi{que, which contains the
tomb of fultan Chodabend. It is 50
miles nw of Cafbin. Lon. 51 53 8, lat.
36 16N.
SULTZBACH, a town of Germany, in
the palatinate of Bavaria, with a cattle,
fubjeé to the duke of Neuburg-Sultzbaeh.
It is ro miles Nw of Amberg, and 32
. of Ratifbon. Lon. rr 56 £, lat. 49
38 N.
SULTZBURG, a town of Suabia, in the
margravate ot Baden-Durlach, with a fine
palace. It is feated in a territory, fertile
in good wine, eight miles sw of Friburg,
Lon. 7 308, lat. 47 54 N.
SUMATRA, an ifland of Afia, the moft
weitern of the Sunda Iflands. Its general
dire&tion is nearly Nw and $B. The
equator divides it into almoft equa! parts ;
the one extremity being in 5 33 .N, the
other in 5 56 8, lat. and Acheen Head,
ry ® ee free *
its N extremity, is inlon. 95 34 £. It is
feparated from Malacca, by the ftraits of
that name,
of sundas
jrom 100 to
has ee :
Englifhma
Milian (0
gave an ac¢
ticular ditt
a people
called the.
from all. th¢
manners, 2
foners who!
uv roty
He obferve
eaten by
common. f¢
all others,
tures of t
of the han
prile that
much lef
this. coun
caffia tha
It abounc
which: ¢o
ufe; and
found na
1783,.M
tary/tot
Marlboro
this iffanc
by few 3
nature.
through
in many
their alti
cient to |
{now du
tween: tl
confidera
the mari
cool; ar
efteemed
country;
moft cl
where,
vallies \
are four
that fac
between
the air
might t
pying t
it is.m™
withou'
the mo
atterno
82 and
the inl
Battas,
takes t
tion, \
SUM
that name, and from Java, by the firaits
of Sunda. Et is goomiles in length, and
jrom 100 to.150 in breadth. No account
has been given of this, ifland, by any
Englithman, till the year 1778, when Mr.
Millar, (fon of the. celebrated botanift)
ve an account of the manners of a par-
ticular dittriét. ..Thete were the Battas,
a people who live in the interior parts,
called the. Caffia country. They differ
from all the other inhabitants in language,
manners, and-cuftoms. They cat the pri-
foners whom they take in war, and han
up cir tkulls as trophies in their houfes.
He obferves, however, that human flefh is
eaten by them iz terrorem, and not as
common. food; though, they prefer it to
all others, and) speak with peculiar rap-
tures of the-foles of the feet,.and palms
of the hands. ‘They exprefied mych fur-
prile that the white people did not kill,
much lefs eat! their: prifoners.. From
this. country, the.ogmeateft..part: of, the
caffia that is {ent to Euope ‘is. procured.
It abounds alfo with the camphire trees,
which conftitute the common timber in
ule; and_in thefe. trees-the camphire: is
found matiyey: in.a concrete form. . In
1783, Mr. Mar{den, who had been fecre-
tary‘to.the prefident and council of, Fort
Marlborough, publifhed. an.account. of
this ifand, and reprefents it.as furpaffed
by tew in the beautiful indulgences. of
nature. A. chain of -high mountains runs
through its. whole extents the ranges,
in many parts being double and treble;
their altitude, though great, is, not:fuffi-
cient to occafion their-being covered with
fnow during any part of the year. Be-
tween: thefe ridges are extenfive plains,
confiderably elevated above, the furface of
the maritime lands. In thele, the air is
cool; and, from this advantage, they are
efteemed the moft eligible portion of “the
country, are the beft inhabited, and the
moft cleared from: woods,» which elfe-
where, in general, cover both hills and
vallies with an eternal fhade.. Here.too
are found many large and beautiful lakes,
that facilitate much the communication
between the different parts.. The heat of
the air is far from being fo inten{e as
might be expected from a country occu-
pying the middle of the torrid zone; and
it is.more temperate than many regions
without the tropics; the thermometer, at
the moft fultry. hour, about. two in the
afternoon, generally fluétuating between
82 and 85 dexvens Mr. Marfden divides
the inhabitants into Malays, Achenefe,
Battas, Lampoons, and Rejangs ; and
takes the latter as his ftandard ot defcrip-
tion, with refpeét to the perfons, man-
SUM
mers,:and cuftoms of the inhabitazits.:
They are rather below the middle ftature ;
their bulk an; “ae bye theis limba,
for the. moft-part, flight, but welldhaped,
and particularly {mall at the -~wrifts and
ancles. Their hair is ttrong and of a
fhining black. The men are beardlefs ;
great pains being taken to render them
fo, when boys, by subbing their chins
with a kind of quicklime. Their com-
red tinge that conftitutes’a copper or
tawny colour :) thole of the fuperior clafs,
who are not expofed to the rays of the
fun, and particularly their women of
rank, approaching to a degree of fairnefs,
‘The major part of the females are ugly,
many of them even to difguft; yet among”
them are fome: whole appearance is ftri«
kingly beautiful, whatever compofition
of perion, features, and gomplexion, that
fentiment may be the refult of. -Some of
the inhabitants:of the hiily parts are.ob—
derved to have the {welled neck, or goiter’;
but they attempt. no,remedy for it, as
thefe wens are confiftent with the higheft
health. The rites of marriage among the
Sumatrans, confit fimply in joining: the
hands of the parties, and pronouncing
them. man-and wife, without much |.cere-
mony, excepting the entertainment, which
‘plexion is properly aon wanting the -
is given upon the occafion. But little ap-
parent court/hhip precedes their marriages.
‘Their manners.do'not admit of it; the
young people of each fex being ecarefi
kept afunder, and the girls being feldom
.trafted.from under the wing. of their mo-
thers. ‘The opportunities which the yo
people have of feeing and ¢onverfin with
each other, are at the public feftivals.
On thele occafions, the perfons who are
unmarried, meet together, and dance and
fing in company. It may be fuppofed
that the young ladies cannot be long with-
out their particular‘admirers. he men,
when determined in their regards, gene-
rally employ an old woman as their ageng,
by whom they make known their éenti-
ments and fend prefents to the female of
their choice. The parents then interfere,
and the preliminaries being fettled, a feaft
takes place. At thefe feitivals, a goat,
a buffalo, or feveral, according to the
rank of the parties, are killed to enter-
tain, not enly the relations and invited
_guefts, but all the inhabitants of the
neighbouring country who choofe to re-
pair to them. The greater the concourfe,
the more is the credit of the hoft, who is
generally, on thefe occafions, the father
of the girl. The cuftoms of the Suma-
trans permit their having as many wives.
as they can compafe the purchafe of, or
5.0 M
afford to maintain; but. it is. extreme!
few'af therchiefs, This’ ence. they
owe, in foe, meafure, ta: their: “poverty.
‘Mothers carry theic children, fot on the
arm; but ftraddling‘on the. hip,. and ufu-
ally fupperted by a cloth which. tiesin a
‘snot on the oppofite thoulder. The
‘children are nurfed’ but little; are not
‘eonfined: by any: fiwathing or bandages;
and: being tiffered to. roll about the fleor,
Soon learn to walk and. shift. for them-
Slvey: when cradles-are ufed, they fwing
fafpended from the ceilings.of the: rooms.
The Sumatrans are fond of cock-fighting.
A thay who has a high’ opinion of his
“yock; will not fight him under a certain
‘number of dollars ; anda father:on his
deathhed ‘has been known. to defire his
‘fon to take the fiiftopportunity of match-
ing @ cock for a fum eqaal to his whole
Fete under a blind conviétion of its
@ invulnerable, The wild. beafts of
‘Sumatfa: are tigers, elephants, rhinoce-
» bears, and: monkies.. The tigers
wove to the idhabitants, both in. their
journies, and even their domestic occupa-
~~ ne ST cpu tie We The
number of people annually: flain’. by: thete
rapatious essd OF toe weil, is-almoft
incredible yet, froma fupert:itious pre-
judice;"it is with-difficulty they are. pre-
Wailed upon, by ‘a large reward whieh
‘the India Company offers, to vf ssethods
of deftyoying them, till they have ful-
-tained’ fome. particular: injury: in’ their
“ownifamily or kindred, Alligators like-
wife o¢cafion the lo’ of many-inhabitants,
fréqueutly deftroying the people: as they
bathe inthe river, according to their: re-
gtiltrcuftom, and: which the. perpetual
‘evidelice of the rife attending it, cannot
- deter them from. A. fuperttitious idea of
thet’ fanctity, alfo; ‘preferves. them from
moteftation, although, witha’ hook of fut-
-ficitnt'firength, they may be taken with-
out much difficulty, “The other animals
‘of Samatra are buffaloes, a {mall kind of
horfésj: goats, hogs, deer, bullooks, and
-hog-deer, This latt'is an animal fome-
what larger than a rabbit, the head re-
-fembling that of ahog, and ‘its fhanks and
feet ‘like thofe of the deer... The bezoar-
ftone found on this animal has been valued
at ten times its weight in gold; it is of
a. dark: brown colour, fmooth on the out-
fide, and the coat, bel taken off; . it ap-
ears- (ill ‘darker, with. firings running
underneath thé coat: “it will-{wim on the
top of the water. Tf it-be infufed in any
‘liquid, it makes’ it-extremely bitter: the .
vistuse wfvally attributed to this fone are
y cleanfing the ftomach, creating an
rare that an inftante ocatirs of their having
mire’ than one, and that pa among a ha
SUN
and {weetening the blood. Of birds el
ve a greater variety. than of beat.
The coo-owy. or: Sanseen i
aoe of uncommon beau
ftorks of prodigious fize, parrots,
hill fowls, ducks, the largeft cnake in ; °
world, woodpigeons, doves, and ip
variety of: Pall birds different, fom
ours, and diftinguifhed by: the beauty. of
their: colours. . OF shel tepeilee they
haye lizards, flying lizards, and camelions,
‘The ifland {warms with infeéts, and their
verietics are nov lefs extraordinary. than
their numbers... Rice is: the only grain
that'grows in the co ry: they have fy.
gar-canes,. beans, peas, radifhes, yams,
potatoes, pumkins, and feveral kinds of
potherbs unknown to Europe; and here
are. found moft of: the fruits to be met
with in other pasts: of the E Indies in
the greateft.pertection,. Indigo, faltpetre,
fulp ur, atienic, Brafil’ wood, two {pe-
cies of the bread-fruit tree, pepper, ben.
jamin, : coffee, and cotton, are. likewi(e
the produce of this ifland, as well as eaffia
and camphire mentioned before. Here
alfo .is. the presage tree and. filk cotton
tree; and the forefts contain a great
variety of: valuable fpecies: of » a8
ebony, pine; fandal, eagle, .or aloes, teek,
manchineel, ‘and iron wood, and alfo the
banyan tree. Beeswax is a commodity
of great: i tance here; and they have
likewife edible »birds-ne(ts.. Gold, tin,
iron, copper, and lead, are found in the
country; and the former is as plentiful
here as in any part of Afiae The Englith
and Dutch have faftories oz this ifland;
the principal one of the former being Fort
Marlborough, on: the sw coaft. The
original natives.of Sumatra are pagans;
but it is to be:obferved, that when the
Sumatrans, or any of the natives of the
eaftern iflands,. learn-to. read the Arabic
charaéter, and fubmit to. circumcifion,
they are {aid to become Malays; the term
Malay being underftood to. mean Mufful-
man. See ACHEEN.
SUMER EIN, a town of Lower Hungary,
feated in: the ifland of Schut, made by
the river Danube. It.is 16 miles s of
Prefburg. Loni 17.242, lat. 48 4N.
SUNART,. a diftrié&t in Argylehire, in
the.: peninfulaat: the Nw..end. of that
county. . tis remarkable: for numerous
veine of lead,. but they aré not -very pro-
duétive. re
Sunart, Locn, an inlet of the fea,
in Argylefhire, which divides the: ifland
of Mull trom the diltrit of Morven.
SuNBURY, a fegport.of the United
States, in:Georgia, with a fate and. con-
ty. They: have
yenient harbc
interlocking \
paflage to fea
The town be
fort of the
laces of Mi
the fickly m«
Savannah. |]
SUNBURY
thumberland,
low the junct
of the Sufq
Jat. 40 §u:N.
Sunk IsL
circuit, with
feparated fre
near two m
forts of grain
SUNNING;
fituate on th
Reading. 1
and had nin
lait of whor
fee to Salifbu
_ SUNNING
‘fhire, in W
of Wind{for.
wells, whicl
cafes.
Sunpa Is
Ocean, near
chief of thet
matra.
SUNDERE
tract of cov
of the Delt
which ,borde
is equal. to
It is comple
felted with
labyrinth of
are falt,
communicat
Ganges. I
to the whol
its depender
with equal
an inexhauf
building.
SUNDER]
in the iflane
is feated of
Sound, 12!
10 OB, lat.
SUNDER:
fied ifland :
Hindooftan,
by commo
about ro m
SUNDER
fhapsic of
fewn, and,
SUN
yenient harbour. Several fmall iflands
jnterlocking with each other, render the
aflage to fea winding, but not difficult.
The town being very healthy, is the re-
fort of the planters from the adjacent
places of Midway and Newport, during
the fickly months. - It is 34 miles s of
Savannah. Lon. 81 15 Wy, lat. 35 34.N.
SUNBURY, the county-town of Nor-
thumberland, in Penniylvania, feated be-
low the junction of the £ and w branches
of the Sufquehannah. Lon. 76 50 w,
lat.40 §m:N.
SuNK IsLANpD, an ifland nine miles in
circuit, within the mouth of the Humber,
feparated from Yotkthire by a channel
near two miles broad. It produces all
forts of grain, alfo wood and black rabbits,
SUNNING, a village in Berkfhire,
fituate on the Thames, two miles NE of
Reading. | It was once an epifcopal fee,
and had nine bithops in fucceifion, the
lait of whom, Hermannus, removed the
fee to Salifbury. oe
_ SUNNING HLL, a village in Berk-
‘fhire, in Windfor Foreft, fix miles ssw
of Windfor. It is noted for its.medicinal
wells, which are etcacious in paralytic
cafes.
Sunpa IsLanps, iflands in the Indian
Ocean, near the ftraits of Sunda. The
chief of them are Borneo, Java, and Su-
matra. ei {
SUNDERBUNDS, or THE Woops, a
tract of country, confifting of that part
of the Delta of the Ganges, in Bengal,
which, borders on the fea. In extent it
is equal. to the. principality. of Wales,
It is completely. enveloped in woods, in-
felted with tigers, and compofed of a
labyrinth of rivers and creeks, all of which
are falt, except thole that immediately
communicate with the principal afm of the
Ganges. Here fait, in quantities equal
to the whole confumption of Bengal and
its dependencies, is made and traniported
with equal facility ; and here alto is found
an inexhauftible ftore of timber tor boat
building.
SUNDERBURG, a town of Denmark,
in the ifland of Allen, with a cattle. It
is feated ona ftreity called Sunderburg
Sound, 12 miles:& of Flenfburg. Lon,
1008, lat.sg5uNe Late
SUNDERDOO, or MELUNDY, a forti-
fied land and feaport ef the Deecan of
Hindooftan, on the Concan coait, reduced
by commodore James in 1756. kt is
about ro miles NE of Vingorla Racks. «
SUNDERLAND, a-feaport in the bi-
fhopsic of Durham. It is.a flourifhin
town, and, fox the exportatien of coal,
SUR
is next im! confequence, on that fide of the
kingdom, to Newcaitle. Its port, at the
mouth of the Wear, though improved
from its former ftate, will not admit very
large thips; but veffels hence can get out
to fea much more readily than from the
Tyne. The coal is brought down the
Wear from numerous pits near its banks.
Here are feveral glafshoufes; and there
is an exportation of grindftones and other
articles. It is 13 miles Ng of Durham,
and 264." by w of London. Lon. 1 14
W; lat. 54 56N.
SuNDJ, a provirice of Afriea, in Con«
go, which lies along the river Zaire. Its
rivers render it extremely fertile, and in
the mountains are mines of feveral metals.
The. capital is of the fame name. Lon.
37 558, lat.4 sos. y
SUNDSWALL, a feaport of Sweden, in
the divifion of Norland, and province of
Medelpadia. It is feated near the gulf
of Bothnia, 195 miles n by w of Stock-
holm. Lon. 18 5 8, lat.62 45N.
SUNNEBURG, or SONNEBERG, a flou-
rithing town of Brandenburg, in the ters
ritory of Sternburg, with a caftle. It is
feated on the Darta, 50 miles £ by N of
Berlin. Lon.15 108, lat. 5a 41N.
Superior, Lake, a lake of N Ame-
rica, fo called from its being the largeft
on that continent. Actording to the
French charts it is 1500 miles in circum+
ference. It contains many iflands; two
of them very large, efpecially Ifle Royale,
which is 100 milgs long, and, in man;
places, 40 broad. The Indians fuppoie
theie iflands to be the refidence of the Great
Spirit. Upward of 30 rivers enter this
lake, fome of which are of confiderable
fize. It abounds with trout and fturgeon 5
the former weighing from 12 to 50 pounds.
Storms atfeé&t this take as much as they
dothe Atlantic Ocean. It difcharges its
waters trom the sE corner, through the
ftraits of St. Marie, into Lake: Huron.
SUPINO, an ancient town of -Naples,
in Molife, with a caftle. It is feated at
the iouree of the Tamara, at the foot of
the Appennines, 7 miles N by .w of Be-.
nevento. : Seas pes:
Sur. See Sour.
SURAT, a city and feaport of the Dec.
can of Hin an. ‘It is faid to bave
200,000 iphabitants, and its trade is
now. very'confiderable. In this city are
many’ different: religions ; for there are
Mahometants of feveral feéts, many forte
of Genoos, and Jews and Chriftians of
various denominations, The Mahome
tans at Surat are not, by fay, fo ftri@ as
they are in Arabia, ry in ether Turkifa
)
SUR
countries, nor are the diftinctions ‘of
tribes among the Hindoos who refide here,
ftri&tly obferved. Thefe Hindoos are a
fet of induftrious fober people, and of a
moft furprifing honefty.. The Hindoo
women aifift. their: hufbands in earning
their bredd, and keep themf{elves fo clean,
that the E an ..women, ‘who come to
India, are obliged to follow their.-ex-
ample, or ran the rifk of lofing their
hufbands affeftions. When a child is
born,. a bramin is td declare, by aftrolo-
gical rules, whether the child is dome
into the world in a lucky hour or not.
This. done, he hangs a thin ftring over.
the fhoulder of a boy, who wears ‘this
diftiné&tive mark of his nation all his. lite-
time. If a banian, or common Hindoo,
intends to give his chiid in marriage;
which is doe when the cuild is about fix
or eight years:old, a-bri‘min is to fix the
times when: the father js/to .afk for the
bride, and when the wedding is ‘to be
celebrated. <In_ the. mean while, the
children remain in the houfes of their pa-
rents till they arriveat the ageof maturity.
The bramins orderand announce alfo the
holy days. Every banian is obliged,
every morning after wafhing and bathing
himfelf, to have a kind of feal impreffed _d
on his.forehead, by a bramin; though’
this is the office of inferior bramiris*tifly.
The. country round ‘Sufat is fertile,/ex.:
cept toward. the fea, which is fandy and
barren. Béfore the Englifh E India Com:
pany. obtained poffeffion- of Bombay, the
$US’
Waterfotd;. and faiis into S¢, wate’
Channel. ; George's
SuRkinam, a-country’ of: S Ameri:
in Galatia, " Te extends about 75 wait
‘
along a river: of the fame name, and -
abounds. with game, and fingular animale.
of different kinds ; the lish. in poke
lar, being remarkable for its enormous
fize and ugly form. It produces fruits,
indigo, fugar, cotton, tobacco, ins,
and wood for dying. The woods are
ee of monkies, ~~ it is faid there are
erpents 30 feet long. The capital ;
Paratharibo: ; “eet
SuRINGIA, a commercial town of Ja-
pan, in the ifland of Niphon, capital of
a province of the fame name, with a
cattle, where the empeross:formerly re.
fided.. Lon. 139 5, lat: 39 30N.
. SURRY, a county of England; 37 iniles
long. and 27 broad; bounded on the n b
Middtetex, on the 2 by Kent, on the g
by Suflex, and onthe w by Hamphhire
and Berks. It lies in-the diccefe of
Winchefter; contains: 23 ‘hundreds, 11,
market-towns (including Southwark) and
a40. parithes j: and Gaal 14 Members to:
parliament. The*air. is ‘generally, tem.
perate and healthy. The foil is. ver
ifferent ‘in the’ extreme: parts from that
in.the middle, “whence. it has been com-
““pared to a coarfe cloth with a-fine bor-
der? for the edge of the country-on all:
fides has a rich, foil, extremely ‘fruitful
in cotn and grafs, particularly ow the x
utid\w toward the Thames ;: but it is. far
idency of their affairs.on:the coaft of imNerwife. in the heart: of. the county,
Malabar was at Surat; and they had a-
jiwbere are wide traéts of fandy ground
‘lith C
’ officer toward the:merchants, inducetl the .
fa&tory eftablithed there. Even after the ‘qnd_barren heath, and in fome places long
prefidency was transferred ta Bombay,,;ridgesof hills, It produces. corn, box-
the factory was ‘continued. The Great; , wood, walnuts, hopsy and fullers-earth,
Mogul had then an officer here, who wak,, The principal rivers befide the Thames
ftyled his admiral; arid received a revenyé | (which is the boundary. of this county en
called the tanka, of the’ annual valie of the N} are the Mole, Wey, and Wandle..
three lacks of rupees, arifing trom ‘the The lent aifizes:are held at Kingfton, and
rents of ‘adjacent lands} and the taxés the fummen aflizes at Guilford and Croy-
levied at Surat. The tyranny. of this don alternately:
E India Company, in 1759, to fitoat an canton of Lucern, feated near-the-lake of
armament; which difpoffefled the admiral Sempach, five-miles’s of Lucern.
of the caftle ; and, foon after, the pofleffion | Sus, a river of Morocco, which forms.
of this caftle was contfirnied to them by :the’s boundary of that empire, and enters
the" court of.-Delhi. They vobtaitied,«the Atlantic, at Mefla:i. Like the. Nile,
" «moredver,. the appointment to the poft of its annual inundationsenrich the country.
_ admisal, “and were: conftituted receivers > Sus, one of ‘three grand divifions of _
-of the tanka, ‘by which their:authority in :the.empire of Morecco; bounded: on the
this-place became. fupreme.. Surat is w by'the Atlantic,.on the n by Mount
‘fituate on the ‘confines of .Gurerat, 20 «Atlas, on the ¢ by Gefula, and on the s
cmiles: up the river’ Tapty, and-177°N of eave Sus. It is q flat: country,
- Bombay. . Lon. 7248 By lat. 22 10.N. a mee corn, . fugar-cgnes, and
‘Sure, a river of Ireland, in.Tipperary, dates: - The-inhabitants, who are chiefly
"a whichi flows-by Clonmel. and Carrich, to .Berebers;2or ancient natives, are.diftia-
4.
fhire.
"28 meni
this. ce
fhore i
in the
SuR7zER,.a town of Swifferland, in the
_ Various
. the late
- Nefide
when
. This
n
chalk,
Piedmoi
fame. na
convent.
a trium
guftus ¢
amon
the Ie
pallage |
taken b:
to the d
doiles Nn
AON,
Susp
vernmer!
‘of the {
fee. It
‘the Kh
Lon. 40
Susq
rica, w.
crofles
‘the ftat
‘nia, an
_the bay
Suss
miles i
bounde
and £
_contain
ket-to
much g
the nat
it is ap
fome ;
{weet z
to the
marka
meada
that uf
are. co
chiefly
Aiftin-
.
SUS
galled: by their indutry; and:many of
m, who live in. towns, become opus
Jent,..and are. much more polite than the
patives of Fez.and ‘Morocco. In, the
mountainous part they are intirely free,
and are governed by their.own chiefs.
Susa, .a feaport of the kingdem of
Tunis: See Sousa.
$usa, an ancient and ftrong town of
Piedmont, capital of a marquilate of the
fame name, with fort. Here is a rich
convent, called the abbey of St. Juft, and
a triumphal arch to the honour of Au-
guitus Cefar. It is feated on the Doria,
among pleafani mountains, and is called
the key of Italy, being the principal
pallage out of France into Italy. It was
taken by the French in 1704, but reftoved
to the duke of Savoy in 1707. It js.30
soiles nw of Turin. Lon.7 248, lat.45
20 Ny
SuUsDAL, a town of Ruffia, in the go-
,vernment of Volodimir, capital of a duchy
of the {ame name, with an archbithop’s
fee. It is built of wood, and feated on
the Khafina, go miles na of Molcow.
Lon. 40 25 £, lat.56 26N, :
_SusqueHannan, ariver of N Ame.
rica, which iflues from Lake Otfego. It
eroffes three times. the line which divides
the ftate of New York from Penntylva-
“nia, and empties. itfelf into the head of
_the bay of Chefapeak.
Sussex, a county of Engiand, 70
miles in ler ;th, and 28 where brordelt ;
bounded on the n by Surry, on the NE
and & by Kent, on the s by the Eng-
ith Channel, and on the w by Hamp-
Ahire. It lies in the diocefe of Chichetter ;
contains 65 hundreds, one city, 16 mar-
_ket-towns, and 142 parithes; and fends
28 members to parliament. . The air of
.this county is various: along the fea-
fhore it is thought aguith; but has a
much greater effect on ftrangers: than on
the natives, who are generally healthful:
-in the Weald, which is a rich deep (oil,
it is apt to be foggy, yet not unwhole-
foe ; but upon the downs it is extremel
{weet and healthy. The foil is likewife
_ Various: that of the downs, and thence
tothe fea, is fertile in corn and grafs,
. the latter feeding theep whofe wool is re-
markably fine; the middle abounds with
meadows and rich arable ground; and the
; Nfide is thaded with extenfive woods,
that ufed to fupply fuel for the iran-works
when they were ir a flourifhing ftate.
. This plentjful county, therefore, iupplies
numerous commodities, the chief of which
are. corn,. malt, cattle, wool, wood, iron,
| vShalk, glafs, ith, and fowl; and is par-
iver Maefe, and 12s 0
SW A
fiewlarls. Semens for ita, wheatearss a des
licious bird of the’ fize of .a.lark, which
are taken in ‘great-pymbers, an the sE
dows, “ Suflex is not. diftinguifhed : for
any manufacture, but that of gunpawder
a Battel, ape: pg yt Shichetter.
he princi rivers are the JArun,
Oule® sade Racker, Chichetter, is th
capital. sien
SusTer, anancient andl celebrated, but
now decayed, town of Perfia, capital of
Kufiltun. It is feated on the Caron, 105
miles sw of Ifpahan. Lon.'51 198, lat.
31 15N. AA tc ake
SUSTEREN, a town of Weftphalia, in
the duchy of Juliers, twe imiles from the
F Ruvemouide.
Lon.5 508, lat. 50 56N, ‘ ic, &
SUTHERLANDSHIRE, a county of
Scotland, 52. miles Jong and 50 broad;
bounded cn the. N by the. North Sea, on
the & by Caithnefethire-arid the German
Ocean, on the s by the frith of Dornoch
and Rofsthire, and on the w by the Minch.
Some parts.of this county, called forefts,
are trackle{s deferts, deititute of trees; or
bleak mountains, abounding with wild
roes. In the(e parts, there are few inha-
bitants, and no villages; but, along the
frith of Dornoch, the country ‘is popy-
lous and well cultivated,
the county-town.
Suri, a town of Italy, in the patri-
mony of St. Peter, with a bifhop’s fee,
feated on the Puzzulo, 22 miles Nw of
Rome. Lon. 12 25£, lat.42 10 N.
SuTTON, a village in Cambridgefhire,
fix miles sw of Ely. In 1694, here were
ploughed up heal {mall old coins, three
rioch is
-lilver plates, three twifted rings, and a
plainone. There was a Saxon in{cription
onthe plates, but not legible. | _
. SuTTON-COLEFIELD, a town in War-
wickfhire, with a market ‘on Monday, 24
miles nnw of Warwick, and 111 Nw of
London, Lon.1 gow, lat. 52 39N.
SUZANNE, ST. a town of. France, in ©
the department arid late province of
Maine. It.has a.confiderable paper ma-
nufaéture, and is 24 1iles w of Mans.
SwaFFHAM, 4 town in Norfolk, with
a market on Saturday, feated on a hill,
34 miles NNE of Newmarket, and 94 NE
of London. Lon.o 46 £.-lat. 52 42 N.
Swag, a ‘iver in Yorkthire, which
rifes on the confines of Weftmorland, and
running 8B, by Richmond and Thirtk,
falls into the Oufe.
SWALLY, a town of the Deccan of
Hindooftan, in Cambaya. It has a har-
bour, where fhips receive and deliver their
cargoes for the messin of Surat, being
oO 2
SWE
12 miles‘nw of that place. Lon. 72 15
B, hatesrwBn 6
_“ Swanscous,’ a village in Kent, two
miles w by 8 of Gravefend! Here are
the remains of camps and forts, fuppofid
to be ‘Danith ; ang” it is faid to be the
scp whitre the Kentifhmen, with boughs
their ‘hands, like 4 moving wood, tur-
Pprifed William the Conqueror, and throw-
ing down their boughs, threatened battle,
it ‘they had not their ancient cultoms and
franchiics granted to them; to which he
‘contented. - But the fact is doubted,
though. it is certain that many peculiar
euftoms ftill remain in Kent; one of the
moit remarkable of which is that of favel-
‘kind, orthe equal diitribution of landed
property among all the fons of a family.
' SWANSEY; ‘a feaport and corporate
town’ in: Glamorganfhire, with a market
on. Wedneiduy and Saturday, an old
caftle; and two churches. It is feated at
the mouth of ‘the Tawy, is governed by
‘aportreve, and has plenty of coal in its
neighbourhood. ‘Of theie it fends great
quantities to'Ireland and the s coaft of
England’; and it has a confiderable trade
to Briftol. “Here:are great works for the
finelting ‘of ‘copper and lead ore. Many
fhips have been built here, and it is re-
‘forted'to for fea-bathing. It is 24 miles
wnw of Cowbridge, and 205 w of Lon-
don. Lon.4 ow, lat. 51 38N.
SWARTSLUYS, a town of the United
Provinces, ‘in Overyffel, ieated on the
Veeht, four miles: from its ‘mouth, and
five nNW: of: Haffelt.
SwEDEN, a kingdom of Europe,
bounded on the n by Danifh Lapland and
‘the ocean,:en the £ by Ruffia, on the s
‘by ‘the “Baltic and the gulf of Finland,
and onthe w by Norway, the Sound,
-and’ the 'Categate. It extends 800 miles
from ‘nto s;:and' 350 from E tow. The
- svhole kingdom jis divided into five gene-
ral'parts ; namely, Sweden Proper, Goth-
land; Norland, Lapland, and Finland ;
andeach‘ot thefe is tubdivided into feve-
ral provinces. Sweden <Proper ‘contains
Upland, Sudermaniay Nericia,: Weitma-
nia, atid ‘Daleearlias Gothland contains
Oftrogothia ‘or E Gothland, Smoland,
Wdittocothiavor WGothland,. the -ifles
of .Gothland and: CEland, » Wermland,
hus; Dalia, Scania or Schonen,: Hal-
Jand, and tat Hh Norland: includes
Gefttiké ov’ Gettri
Medelpadia, Hiemtland; Herjedalia, On-
ermaniay and’ W Bothnia. Swedith
apland:. comprifes Afela, Heimtland,
Umeo, Pitheo, Luteo, ‘Torneo; and Ke-
wi. © Findland contains Findland Proper,
t
keland; . Helfingland, -
SWE
E Bothnia, Tavafteland, Nyland, Sava,
lak, and that partrof Kymene-and Carelia,
Which Sweden‘has preterved. At Stock:
holm, ipring and autumn are fearcely to
be perceived ;“for winter continues nine
months, and fummer during the remain.
ing three. In winter, the cold is ex.
ceffive, and in fummer the heat is con.
fiderable, the air being {crene all that
time. Notwithftanding this the Swedes
live to a great age. All the rucks are
quite covered with flowers in the f{ummer
time, and the gardens have plenty of
fruits. The trees are early in bloffoming,
becaufe the foil is fat and fulphureous,
‘which’contributes greatly to vegetation;
but the fruits have not fo good a tafte as
in the more fouthern countries. The
animals are horfes, cows, hogs, goats,
theep, elks, raindeer, bears, wolves, toxes,
wild cats, and {quirrels. In winter, the
foxes and fquirrels become gray, and the
hares as white as fhow. Here are feveral
forts of fowls, and partridges, - wood-
cocks, and falcons, in great plenty. It
‘has rich filver, copper, and iron mines,
and vaft forefts of timber trees. The ar-
ticles of export. are boards, gunpowder,
leather, iron, copper, tallow, tkins, pitch,
refin, and mafts; and it imports falt,
brandy, wine, linen cloth, ftuffs, tobacco,
fugar, {pice, and paper. The inhabi-
tants are of a robuft conftitution, and able
to fuftain the hardeft labour. They are
much more polifhed than formerly; ard
have feveral public ‘{chools and colleges,
where the arts and {ciences. are taught.
Their houfes are generally of wood, with
very little art in their conftru&tion. The
roofs, in many places, are covered with
turf, on which their goats often feed.
There is no country in the world where
the women do fo much work; for they
till the ground, thrafh the corn, and row
the boats on the fea. The form of the
Swedith government has frequently varied.
Before the accetfion of Guftavus1 it was
‘an ele&tive monarchy. By the union of
Calmar, in 1397, it was ftipulated that
the fame monarch fhould rule over Den-
mark, Sweden, and Narway, to be chofen
by the depiities from the ftates. of thole
three kingdoms affembled at'Calmar. By
this regulation Sweden became a mere
tributary kingdom ‘to Denmark. From
‘this ttate of fubjettion to a: tyrannical
foreign yoke, it was refcued by Guftavus
Vala, on whom the Swedes, in 1523,
conferred the fovereignty; and made the
crown hereditary in his male iffue. He
was entrufted with great: prerogatives ;
and thefe were augmented by. Guiftavts
,
line. {
Chriftina, |
circumicrib
fuch ane
mat umb:
of the cle
This prov
Charles x1
formal. cell
vet qu
Charles x1
ter, the Sw
Ulrica Ele:
pulating,
to the pre
crown to.
this, period
molt limit
when Guf
pete ith
oats. anc
‘fwallowe
Swiss
country
Tirol, 0
Suahia;,
Ttis 225
feparater
high mo
forland
clufive ‘«
Dri, Sc!
The pr
‘ Appena
are foui
from S
“beyond
‘fwallowed up.
S W I
dolphus, the, right; of fucceffion being,
eT at iy time, to the female
lines In. the minority of his daughter
Chriftina, the regal powers were greatly
girenmaleribvedy and. the nobles acquired
fuch an exorbitant authority, as gave
grat umbrage to the three other orders
of the clergy, citizens, and pealants,
This proved.a favorable opportunity for
Charles x1 to obtain from the’ ftates a
molt limited.one in Europe, till. 1772,
when Guftavus ur effeéted a revolution,
by. which he regained the moit eflential
royal, prer atives, without, however, be-
ing an ablalute monarch. He was aflat:
finated in 1.792; leaving his;fon Guftayus
Adolphus a minor,..who attained his
majority in 1796. The eltablithed reli-
gion is the Lutheran, and they have one
agchbiibeps ans feven bithops. ‘The:ca-
Bital is Stockholm,
/SWERNICH, a town of Turkey in Eu-
rope, on the confines of Servia and Bof-
ia, feated on the Drino, 70 miles sw of
rade... Lon, 29, 32-8, lat.44.42N.
. Swinpow, a town in Wilthhire, with
a. market on Monday. It is feated on the
top of a hill, near a rich vale, 28 miles. n
of Salifbury, and 83 w of Landon. Lon.
145W; lat.51 30N. .
SwINNA, a little ifland of Scotland, one
-pf the Orknies, fituate to. the neg, of thet
galled Mainland... Here are two whirl-
Is, that have-been known to fnatch in
Peateend ight veffels, which are inftantly
peda acho Totaled oo them: a
country of Europe, ‘b on the: by
Titel, on ‘the ww hy Praece, on the Nb
Suahia;,and/on the s by Savoy and a
Teis 225 miles in length, and 83.in breadth,
feparated fr adjacent countries b
high mountains, ‘called the Alps. Swil-
ferland. is divided’ into 13 cantons, ex-
‘Dri, Schweitz,. Underwalden, Zug, ‘Fri-
a ig», and. Soleure, which are) catholics.
The. proteftant cantons are Zuric,. Bern,
Bafle, ‘ant ‘Schaffhaufen. .,.Glarus.-9
are fi
ave nw
S¥R
Cennis, which jeads to, Savoy; the fecond’
begins in the country of the. Grifons, and
croffes Mount St. Bernard, Jeading.to the
valley of Aoutta, which belongs to Pieds
mont ;. the third, begins :ia the
of the Grifons, relies Maunt Simplée-
berg and leads to thé duchy: of! Milan;
the fourth crofles Mount St. Gothard, and
the bailiwics of Italy, and terminates.ig
the Milanefe. . ‘The principal lakes are
thofé of Conftance, Geneva, Lucem, Za-
ric, and Neuchatel. The «moit confider«
able rivers are the Rhine, ‘Rhone, »Aar,
Arve, Reufs, and Inn. Theehief richesof
Swifferland confift of ay icrant se oie itt
which marty cattle are bred sand ‘fattened
and the goats, and chamois,. feed, on. the
mountnins, and in the wooda.. Themen
are all ftrong and robuft, for which reafon
they are preferred by feveral nations::for
the military fenvices and. even. the pope
be hi Serifs parde.n The women are
tolerably handicome, have many igood quae
lities, and are in general very eaudietuess
The peafants. xetain, their old mariner of
drefs, and dre content to live upon milk,
buttery and cheefe;, and there, are fome of
the mountaineers .who, never have.! any
bread. See GLAciars, and SCHWEIT'Z.
SYDENHAM, a village in Kent, on the
declivity of a fine hill, eight miles s by
E of London. It ignoted for medicinal
wells. .
Sypney Bay, a bay on the s fide
of,. Norfolk Iitand,' in:the Pacific Oceatt,
formed by, Point Hunter and, Point Rofs,
which. are near, two miles afupder, - Here
is afettlement of conviéts, from England.
Lon, 168 12.8, lat.a9 #8. Lo i ae
.g8¥DNEY Cove, the town or Settlement
of conyiéts, founded at:Portijackfon,: in
New S Wales, in 2788. The: ground
pty was then ah a jon fo-
ref; bit, in 1790; fome uildi
had’ been erested,, and greateft part of the
civil'and enilitngy oolfcepeonmety, comfort-
ably lodged. ,. The governor's houfe. is
y built of ftone, and has ‘a. very good ap-
» being 70 feer in frente: ;
ieutenant-governor’s: houle.is of: brick,
y pe are. alfo thofe belonging ‘to: the judge
‘the commiffary. «. The: reht- of: the
: houfes are built: with logs and:plaftered,
clufive ‘of. their: allies ; Bamely Lucern, ,.
all the coofs, are eitlitx covered by
and ‘2
<fhunglety as thatehed.;. Lomiisss 128 Ey
t
33, $08.1
1 yt Obie a j eps "4
: S¥RAGUSE,.an ancient and {trong city
and “of: Sicily,,,, in ;the: Val-di-Noto, with a
‘ Appenzel, céntain both religions. ‘There ., bithop's,{ce, and.a fine harbour, defended
paffages over the Alps into Italy | hy,a¢
"from Swifferland;, the firft of which;is ea
‘ béyond the lake of Geneva over Mount ,.3728, there mes B® Seafight, betweensthe
a os
«twas almoft ruined, by an
earthquake'in 1693; ; Near this place,/in
TASB
Spaniards: and | ‘Englith,: in which the
former were beaten. “It is feated netr the
aa 2 miles 6 by W of Meifina, and r10
Palermo. Lonv1§ sok; fat. 37 5%.
fat amy or SURISTAN; ‘a province of
Fn in Afia, bounded on the 1’ b
beckand Natolia, on the & by Diar-
beck and the’ deferts of Arabia, on the
si by the fame deferts and Judea, and on
the w by the/Mediterfanean. Under the
general name of ‘Syria, was included the
ancient Phoenicia, lying -s of ' Syria
Proper. This provinée abounds in oil,
eorn; and: feveral forts of fruits, as well
as peas, beans, and all’ kinds of puife
nd gardensRtuff; but it would produce
smuch more than it does, if it were well Ba
cultivated ; for there are the fineft’ plains
and paftures ‘in the: world. The’ inha-
bitants have'a trade‘in filk,’ camlets, and
falt.: “Damatcus ie the capital.
SYRIAN, a town Of Pegu, feated near.
the bay of ‘Bengal, on a river of the
fame name, which iéone of the ¢xtreme
branches of the ner 4 ene 96 49 E, lat,
u6'g0N. "2 |
SZUCCA, a: town of. Weltern Pruffia,
fm the palatinate of'\Culm,° feated oh the
Viftuila, 12 ‘miles. ic w of Culm. Lott.
3B a4, im. ae ae
T :
PAARE a rapid river th voluies
i fires! nigh ‘enters the Brifto! ’ ne ‘
nel at Cardiff, On this-river; near Cder-
hilly, is ‘a ftone:: ‘bridge called ‘Pont es
| a of oné arch, r4o’ feét’ ‘in't
Fpan’ ‘and “high; planned and exettited
‘by ‘the #lftaught genius of 2° Corinbh !
‘aninfon inthis coufity.’
TATA, @ town’ of Upper Bay
‘mile from the Nile.’ das Pe AG
‘g igovernar, has\many cufiotis ’
antiquity, and "ts ‘Seo thiles
Lon. 31 258, lati26'56n.0 19°
pt (one
‘Calto. |
TaBaGa, an, ifland Ff 8 Améfich; da
athe bay ‘of: Panathas * It ‘iy’ fouP “THis
Je
‘ ericsson the''s’*b
Be Ast a oi! Me he
TAF
chief riches confift’ i eocoa-nuts. ‘The
air is extremely idift,
yg every day for nine months in the
“TT ADASCO, an ifland oF New Spain, in
the province of Tabafco, formed by a
river of the fame name, and by that “of
St. Peter and St. Paul. It is’ 30 miles
long and 10 broad, and is 10 miles from
the bay of Campeachy.
TABLE ISLAND, 6ne of the New He.
brides, in the Pacific Ocean. Lon. 36 77
BE, lat.15 486.
TasBLE-MOuNTAIN, a promontory of
Africa, near the Cape of Good Hope,
The bay at the foot of it is'cdlled Table.
nob i Wineats or SauUNDER's
ISLAND; an iffand jn the S Pacific Ocean;
near that of Huihine, to which it is fub-
ject.
Tapor, a town of Bohemia, in the
tircle of Bechin, ona mountain, ‘which
rhe Huffites, under” their celebrated Be:
heral Zifca, fortified and made their prin:
cipal retreat. It is‘a5 miles N by g of
Budweis, and 45s PY E of Prague.
Lon. 3456 B, lat.4 the
'TABRISTAN, 2 tia ied bf Petfia, on
thes fhore of the Cait “a hounded’ by
Aftrabad ott’ the Ca on ia onthew,
Favcaster, 2 ‘ain in
of ¥' orkthirg,, yi A Hin
da Tt | $ “hot teat
mete AE, up héak St 7. fe ‘4 ;
Jarge® tone’ Bidke over é rv
4v’is ninte’miles sw of York, Mean at ,
bi Ww of London, ‘Lon, + 1a Ws Tat. 53
Sor euOx: te Petia .
AFALA, ‘or AF. % yes )
4 wns in ‘Navarte, Wit a eatile. Te ‘ts
inde? ‘on the hea 8 ifs uel pro.
dticing good wine, ¢Sifilds’s' oF Painpe.
luna. Lon. 1 36.w, lat. 42 29 N, é
Adnan a ea of Barbary, in
rt Of MévUced§ bounded of ‘the
a tz'Und "Tiemelen, onthe £ by ‘the
Piss aetere of Bar.
"ti
and there are
Jews jive
‘able trad
37 miles
dhises. xe)
adorned
iate
feated 0
wat Cy
Tal
Yong!and three broad; -and’ a mountaitious ‘Suis, ‘Mcz0¢co, thane
place abounding: “with Five. =the Pon. ‘di he Te '$s a vid Thto three pro- ate oF
‘Bo 16 W," ‘late? os. tachercte yihtes,” Dim, Sie d “‘Tuet, Tt 82 Ts
2 foman hepe a oh i eat of “fotiitatn ie ye Hine bas proses she di
arbar'y; > ong ito motte, ¥ wheat'and barde és. of the ri “lata:
ffith for’ eordi) here! Be a" o ne Sart OT "The Pact 5p Rags upon safely tah pee
Tunis, Long 16 £, lat. 3 NAc age os ‘nd tig bes ‘horfes ‘to’ fell ‘to prt on
Dash sop, a aprovihte oF Grr IN; | s'live jn ‘tents, and meats J
o{nitheaudigwecoF Miexteo ; ped es Beta i ite Tithabitanes, » Chins
byw ‘by the ‘bay of Swany: het te it the capital, ig
« Yuubdran, ont letie's Wy Clie hee i » 105.9 aa te, abd a
ni biG anita” It is 5 486 preci #th, ia end ona "Mordccp. on th
: ind aoarty av! saeeh 4 an’ ‘Breadth aha” tts Wn, 545 w,°t ee
FAT TAM
TAGASTA, a town of the kingdom of Tai-yupn-rou, an ancient.cit
Algiers, in the province of Conitantina, China, capital of the pit nraige Fase ’
formerly a con derable place, but now It is eight miles in circumference, but is
weduced to a village. It is famous for much decayed fince it was the refidence of
being the-birthplace of St. Auguline. the princes of the blood of the laft impe-'
Tace, a town of Arabia Felix, with rial family. , of Taj-ming-tchao. tts
a cattle on a mountain, 6o miles £ of diftrict consaing fing cities of the fecond,
Mecca. Lon. 42.58, jat.a1 45N. and twenty of the third. clafs. It is 169
AGOST, fie pits town in the pro- miles sw of Pekia.
vince of Sus,,in Morocco. A gecatmany TaLamong, @ Gaport of Tuscany,
Jews Jive here, who, carry on.a confider- ts miles w. of Orhitello. Lon. 11 6B,
‘able trade. It is feated in a fertile plaing jlat.42 30N.
37 miles $ of Tarodant.. Lon.8 sw, lat. TAaLayera, a.town.of Spain, in New
29 238 ‘ Lattile, with a fost. It belongs to the
TAGuMADERT, a town of the king- archbithep of ‘Foledo, and is {eated on
dem of Tafilet, feated on the river Dras, the Tajo, jn a valley abouoding in corn,
with a.ftrong:caftle on a,mountain. Lon. fruits, and excellent wine, 58 miles sw
443M lat.27 JON... , of Madrid. Lon.g iw, lat. 39 41N.
AHOOROWA, one, pf the {mallet of TALAVERWELA, a town of Spain, in
the Sandwich Idands, ing, of the.sw Ettramaduya, feated on the Guadiara, 14
past of Mowee, from which it is diftant miles 2 .of Badajoz. Lon. 6 34 W, lat.
three leagues... It is-deftitute of wood, 38 34.N. :
an ge. i} feems to be fandy and barren. = -TaLLann, a.town of France, in thie
Tajo, anciently Lie iaaies yr which gepartment pf the Upper Alps.and late
has its fource.on the confines.of Aragon, province of Dauphiny, feated on the Du-
in Spain, rung ‘through New Caftile, by sance, ¢7-miles sof Grenoble. - Lon. 6
Tolede, .and. Talavara,, whence it pro- 20.£;-iat.4428N. -
ceeds to Alcantara, in Efsamadura when . TALMONT;,:a feaport.of France, in the
gntsring Portugal, it washes Santaren, be- department, of Lower Charente and late
dow which it forms the A vieirm of Lisbon, territory of Saintange, feated:on a peniv-
and. then, falls. into.the Atlantic Qcean. fula> of the Gironde, 20 miles ss. of
“Dble singe was formerly tamous for its Saintes, and 260 sw of Paris. Lon.o 50
golden fands. Ht) So ss: W, lat.45 32.N. I
| Raat ia borough. and feaportdn Rofs- = Tamatameca, a tawn of Terra
dhisey senaarkable.tor.a large Square tower, . Firma, iv:the government of; St. Martha,
adorned with five {pires, and fora colle- Seated on.the Rio-de-la Madalena. » Loh,
giate church, mill ipretty intire. It is 74 45.W, fat. g bNe ore oe! y
feated on the ,frith, af Dornoch, 12. miles |, TaMAN, See PHAWAGORIA.
wat Cromarty. ! if tb savy a Xiver of England, which
| ‘Tawron,,.a) village in, Gloucefter- . uns.from nN to s, divides Cornwall: from
fire, feven; miles.w of Gloucetters Jn. Qevontbize, and ‘enters Plymouth Sound.
4700, an ove was found here, from which |. TAMARA, a feaport of Afiay on then
was extragted gold, ‘puti,not. enoygh:to coaft of the ifland of Secotora, near the
anfwer the expence of. feparation, ' &taitof Babélmandel. Lon, 52 25 , lat.
Tas-OMANG, ithe ppitalof theifdind 33°30. i ait ety ke
of Formofa, in, the Chingle Sea,,.with; a ,.; Tamepe river, which rifes in:Stafford-
arbour on thew Ade... Lon 2-9 30:8, i fhirey,and:entesing Wiarwickthire,’ runs
lat. 23 25N. iit schrtt By ahd then wy-gtl it: re-enters its
MAISPANG-FOU, @ gity: of Chita, in _.native:couaty at ‘T amworth,: falling foon
the:province, of Hiang-nan, {gated efi-the .efter,anto the Trent. 20)
xiveh pene dt; has only. thyee:cities!in .- (Fame, acivvlet in Oxfordthire, which
iteuds » ALON. 107.15 Es Nat.32,20N. Mors inte the Thames, at Dorchefter,.and
- TAseLBROVAG, a town of; France, in has been ig eke Ann uppofed tb givename
she, deparment..of, Lower. Charente and «to the: dhames. See-THamesy, . -
odate territory of Saintonge,, seated on. the «1; TAME, ‘aitown in Oxfordthire; ‘with a
, Charente, 30 miles se.of Rochelle. ‘Lon. \wmarket.on Tuéfday,.a famous:freefchool,
O40 W> lat,.a5 46.N.. jAGdO He OULD and, a: ifinall hofpital.:' It.is feated on 2
». SPAdsMONG-FOW,, 2! iftrong, cityvof -wivulet.of theifame.name, 12 -milesiz of
+\Ghina, in,the,provinge of iGhaneh, ibuilt Oxford, and 45 w by n of London. : Lop.
engar the.greatawall, Hts jurifdigtion con- :0 sgsmyvlat.§1 g6N. e
stains darycciticna.the Sagas, and {even Lamworru, a borough/in Stafford-
of the third clafs, : idaive, sivith — on’ Saturday. It
04
—
+ a a ae =
ee ele ae ee
Re et oe ee
TAN
ferids ¢w6' mem oes “5 'parliainet.€,'and is
feated' of the’ Dame, dight’ miles “SE of
Lichfield, and 1114 Nw of London. Lon.
a 38 wy lat. 52 gyNy ei ee
‘PANARO, ‘a tiver of “Piedmont, which
rifs in the Appemiines;® ard flows’ by
Alesandria ‘to: Cherafvo,° where it: falls
gato the Sturt? 8 Te
TANASSERIM, a town of the kingdom
of Siam, cdpital of @ provirice of the fame
name, 220 miles sw of Siam. Len. 98 0
E, lat. 11 50N. pag
TANBOF;‘a government of Ruffia,'for- -
merly a\part of the :government~of Vo-
ronetz, Its capital, of the fame name; is
feated'on the Zna, whith falls’ into the
Mokcha. slit
Tances, atéwnof Portugal, in Ef-
‘tramadura, feated onthe Zerara; near its
-Lon, 8 30 w, lat.39 20N.
TANCROWALL, a town of Africa, in
Negroland,' feated on the river Gambia,
where the Englifiy have a fort, go miles £
of James Ports: - SLO HT
Tanpba, or TANRAH,'a town of Hin-
doskan Proper, in Bengal, of which fou-
bah it was'the’capital in‘ the laft-centur, .
There-is ‘ttle remaining ‘of it but the
rampart; -and the period when it was de-
‘ferted is ‘not certainly known. ‘It is feated
-on the Ganges, 3+ miles Nw of Dacca.
Lon. 87 56 ky lat. 23-35 N.
“Tanpaco.:! See Samar:
- \"PANGATABOO, one: of ‘the Friendly
- Tflands,’ if’ the. 8 Pacitic:Oceun, the re-
fidence of the fovereign and the’ chiefs. .
. TANGERMUNDB, a town of Germany, -
‘in the old marche of monic ‘with
‘ataftle.. It is teated on the T
where ‘it falls:into the Elbe, 24 miles Nw.
ot Brandenburg, and 28 NE of Magdeburg.
Lon..a3 go'k, lati4e 46K. 05 2 or
TANGIER, -a'-fedport of the kingdom
of Fez. it was taken by the Portuguefle,
§n'1471) and given asa: dower’ to the
with «
ad! not:
princess ‘Cathay, on het marriage’
Charles‘ 11. of England;: but ‘he i
think: it’ worththe expence of keeping,
and therefore, in 1683, cauict! the works
to be blown up, and withdrew the gare |
“ ¥ifon.4 It: it) rg0 miles-N-of ‘Fez; Lon.
§°50 Ws ‘late sg ag NeG ere eit
‘TANjoRg; @ province of Hindooftan,
“onthe: coat of Coromandel.’ It is an
tapperdape of the Carnatic, but fubje&t to and
its 6wit rajah, who pays’an annual fobfid
‘of.166),0001. tothe Fag ith E India Coins
. aujoues a eity-of Hindooftan, -1-
‘pital of ai province of the fame name, on
the coait of Coromandel,. Jt is: feated
angers:
TAR
on the Cauvery, 205 miles s by wof
‘Madras: “Lon, 79 12-8; lat. 10 46N,
“TANnKEAS -or -“PINKIA-LING, ‘a town
‘and fortreis of‘ Thibet,~ at the foot of
Mount : Langur,’ 275 ‘miles' w ‘by 8 of
Laffa. eS 8
‘ Panna, a fertile*ifland,'in the Pacific
Ocean, one’ ‘of the: New Hebrides; on
which is'a voleano, “Fhe inhabitants are
brave and hofpitable; and’ their arms are
bows and-atrows, flings, {pears, and clubs.
Lon: 169 46 £, lat. 19°30 8:
TANORE,' a feaport of Hindooftan, on
the coaft of Malabar. Lon. 75 sox, ‘at.
“10 §5Ne- :
TANTALLAN, a ruinous ¢aftle in Had.
dingtonfhire, twomiles #'of N. Berwick. It
is feated cn 2a high rock, wathed on three
“fides By the German Ocean. “It was de.
-fall into the Tajo, 6o- miles NE of Lifbon.
ftroyed by the Covenanters in 1649. °
* Tao, the moft fouthern of the Frjendly
Tflands, in'the § Pacific Ocean, about 10
leagues in ¢ireuits “It has feveral fprings
inland, and a final ftream of ‘good water,
‘which: rea*hes the’ fea when the fprings
are copious.’ The se fide rifes with
great inéqualuies ‘immediately trom the
fea; fo'that the pliins and ‘meacows, of
which ‘there are iome of great extent, lie
all ow the Nw fide ; and‘are adorned with
-tufts of trees, intermixed with plantations,
and interfected by paths leading to every
part of the ifle. Ey
TAORMINA, a feaport of Sicily, in the
Val di Demona, feated on a rock; 88 miles
sof -Meffina. + tab EN :
“Taouraa, an-ifland of the: Pacific
Gcean. «Lon. 145'9 W, lt. 14308. |
TaPLog, a village in Buckingham-
fhive, ‘oné mile from Maidenhead. It is
feated on’ a hill; on’ the® banks of the
Thames; and diftinguifhed by its majeftic
« wwoodlands: and handsome villares « -
Tapry; a viver ofthe Dr-c..n of Hin-
doofian; which rifes:at Malay; ‘84 -miles
to’ the ‘NW’ of Nagpour, and“falls into
the guif of Cambay, about 20 miles below
Surat., EG ai’ 4 2
| TAR} of RAMEICO,'4 riverof<N Ca-
-tolina, which flowihy by ‘Tarborough and
oWahhington, ; enters Pamlico’ Sound, 40
miles sé of the latter-town. °°)”
SPARANTO;"a-populous'feaport‘of Na-
$y in:Terra-d'Otranto, withan arch-
mi fee.’. It-is feated on’a peninfula,
efended by ws ftrong cattle; but the
harbour is choked: up, which» hes hurt it
overy ‘much. «This tewn’gave'name to the
-| venomous {piders called'tarantulas; Itis
55 miles Nw of Otranto, anid 140'E
by & of Napless-Lon. 17 ‘298, lat. 40
35 We ar it % owt
depart
province
give,: 2
fanie na
43 Eo
: Tar
town Ol
Mouths
. Wew- of G
TAR
: TARAGALLA, a town of. the kingdom
of Tafilet, with a\caftle.. It is feated on
the Dras, 275 miles sw of Tafilet. Lon.
6 >W, lat. 27 40 Ne ,
i TARARE, a town of France, in. the
department. of Rhone and Loire and late
province of Lyonois, feated on the Tor-
dive, at. the foot of a mountain of the
dane name, 25 miles NW of Lyons. Lon.
443 By lat. 45 §2N. nd bits a
TaRascon, an ancient.and populous
town 6f France, in the department of the
Mouths of the Rhone and Jate province of
Provence, with a caftle, .feated on. the
Rhone, oppofite Beaucaire, with which it
communicates by a bridge of boats. Its
commerce’ confifts in eil, brandy, ftarch,
and ftutfs. that are much, worn, one fort
being of coarfe filk, and the.other of tue
fame material and-wool. It ic 10:miles N
of Arles, and 375 s by £0f Paris. Lon.
4 392, lat. 43 43 .N. ‘3
. TARASCON, a town of France, in the
department of Arriege and late province
_ of Foix, feated on the river Arriege, feven
miles sz of Foix.
TaRazona, a ftrong town of Spain,
in Aragon, with a bithop’s fee. It is
feated ipartly on a rock, and. partly in a
fertile. plain, on. the. river. Chiles. 136
miles sw of Tudella, and 127 Nz of Ma-
drid.. Lon. 26 w, lat.41 55N.. ~
TARBE6, a populous town of France,
capital of the department: of the Upper
Pyrenees and late county of Bigorrey with
a bithop’s fee, an ancient -caftle, and a
college.» It’ is. feated on the Adour, 42
-miles..sw.of Auch, and-122: 8. by 8 of
Bourdeaux. <Lon.o 38, lat-43 14N.
TaRBOROUGH, a town of the United
States, in N-Carolina, feated on the river
Tar, 40 miles: Nw of Wathington.:
TARENTESIA, &. province of Savoy,
which is a barren:country, tull of dreadfui
mountains: Moutier is the:capital...
TARGA, a town of :the.kingdom of
Fez, on the Med
onareck. Je is feated in a plain fur-
rounded by mountains:andthick foretts,
which is confideresias.a defert; but there
are: good welle and: fine pattures.: Hon. 4.
56.W,y lat. 95:30 Nsi) oie io 2 olan a
Tarcorod, .a.towm of .Tutkey in
. Europey. in: Moldavia,: s0"miles»siy of .
tee Mer; either, belongs. to the emperex of, Chi-
Jail; » on..26 agk; ‘lat. 45 49Ne 9 1;
. S Dagareaya town of (Spain, in Anda-
lufiay: with ia caftle; feated onian eminence,
on the: ftrvaits of: Gibralter, .27 miles
t oe Lon. 5 40 Wy. lat.
39° OMe ta! ‘
Was. very
Mediterranean, ‘witha caftle .
Taanyy. mitown ef Alias capital of
Dagheltan, feated on the w coaft of the
TAR
Cafpian Sea, 52 miles sz of Terki, and
300 NE of Tauris. Lon.47 58, lags:
. Ne , i Kites
TARN, a department of France, in-
cluding part. of the late, province of Lan-
guedoc,: It,.takes its name from a river,
which has itsfource in the department of -
Lozere, and having watered. Mithoud,
4by, Guillac, Montauban, and, Moiflac,
falls anto the, Garonne... Caftres is: the
capital. yy
Taro, or BORGO-p1-VAL DI-TarRo,
a town of Italy,,in the duchy of Par-
ma, capital ofthe territory, of Val-di-
Taro. It is feated op the siver Taro, 25
miles.sw of: Parma. Lon.10 98, lat. 44
40 N, ‘ ,
TARODANT; a town ef Maracco, in
the province.of Sus, feated. near the Ate
lantic, 120 miles.s of Morocco... Lon.8
10 W,, lat. 30 ON.
TARRAGA, or TARREGA; a town of
Spain, in, Catalonia, gated ona hill, near
the river Cervera, 15 miles B, by s of Ler
rida, and 60:w of Barcelona, Lon. 1 3
E; pas a8N. - F ;
»ParRacona, a rong feaport of Spain,
in Catalonia, with 4 bither's nage oh
verfity.. It was built. by the Phcenicians,
wWerful in the time of the Ro-
Mans, and hag many tioble monuments af
antiquity. It is {urrounded by walls built
by the Moors, and. is defended aifo by re-
gular works.: It is neither fo large nor fo
populous. as it; was formerly.; for though
there. is room for 2000 houles, within the
walls, there is not above 500, which..are
all..built with, large, fquare :ftones.. It
carries on a great tradesand is feated on
a hill, on the Mediterranean, 35.miles Ne
of, Tortofa, and'220 miles,8 by. N of Ma-
drid. Lon. 1.13 8; lat. 42-5.Ne >
TARTARY; @ country of Afia, which,
takenjin,its .utmof limits, reaches from
the. Eaftern Ocean to the Cafpian:Sea,
and from,Corea,:-China, Thibet,-Hindoof-
tan, and Perfia, to Ruffia and Siberia... It
lies between: 59: and.%35°.£ len.iand jbe-
teen 35.-and. 55°: .N, laty, being , 4600
tiles in length, and. 960 in, breadth ; but
in the narrowelt part not. above 440 broad.
Tr may be: confidered under two grand di-
vifions ;; namely, . Eafteyn, and. Weftern
Tartary, ) The.greatef part of the for-
na,.jis tributary to him, or. is-mnder his
protection; anda, very confiderable past
* Weftern ‘Tartary has; been, conquered
by the Ruffians. Thefe vaft countries
,include all the middle-part of Afia, and
are.inhabited by Tartars of different de-
nominations and different manners. For
TAT
various ‘particulars concerning thems; fee
the articles Abkhas, Circafiia,. Crimea,
Coffacks, Georgia, Imeritia, Kalmucsy
Kifti, Lefguis; Mantchews,. Mingrelia,
Moguls, Offi, Samovedes,’ Turcomase,
and Ufbecs. Bye ;
TartTas, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Landes and late province of
Gafcony. ‘The Midowfe runs through
its: and on oné fide of this ‘river it rifes in
the form of an amphitheatre ; the°other
as feated on:a plain. . Lt-is.14-miles nz of
Dax. © Lon. 0-48 w, dat..49-50.N. ° >’
-Tassacortva,-a feaport of the ifle of
Palma, - one’ of ‘the’ Canaries. It lies
ew of St. Cruz, but beillg” expoled to
wefterly winds, is little frequented,’ but
by boats. Lan. 17°58 w; iat) 2848 N.
- Tassasupon, the capital of Bootan,
a feudatory ountry of Thibet. .-It- is
260 miles s by w of Lafla. -Lon: 89 o8,
dat. 2743 NE" GAGA A A Bom
Tassine,’ anifland of Denmark, : tie-
tween Funen, Langeland, and Arroe, «It
is -feparated from the formeér- by. ftrait,
and contains a-few towns and -villages.
- Tasso, en ifland of the-Archipelago,
near’Romania, at the entrance of the gulf
of Contefia. «It is 35 miles in‘ circomiter-
‘ences and was: formerly famous for mines
ef pold, and quarries of beautiful marble.
“The «capital, ‘of the fame: name, haba
good harbour; snd fever'al .caftles. °°
“\"Fasso, @ mountain of Italy, between
- “Bergamo and: Como, froti:which the-il-
dulttious’ family of the poet .Taffo took
thet name, which was originally Torre-
‘giani. Tthey were Jords of Bergamo,
itan,y*and other towns in- Lombardy,
‘but being expelled *y ‘the Vifcontiy they
fettled on the'moft-a
this mountain. he
Tatra, or Sinpz, a city of Hindoo-
’ ‘ftan Proper, capital-of ‘the province of
Sindy Asfeated on a’ bratich “of the
tiver Sinde or ‘Indus,-called the Ritchel
River. ‘In the lat century, it was vey
extenfive ‘and ‘populous, pofleffing manv-
faftures of filk, wool, and cotton; ard -
3¢ was celebrated for its cabinet ‘ware. - 4 52 w, dats
‘Little of thefe-now remain, and the limits -
~of the city a¥e very circumfcribed. On
Ane fhores of the Indus, above the Delta, -
confiderable quantities of faltpetire. are i
“mate ; and within the hilly traét, -whi¢h
commences within-three miles on the Nw
“ef Tatth, ‘are mines. of ivon ‘and alt.
The Indus, and ‘its ‘branehes, admit: of
“an -unintérrdpted navigation’ from ‘Tatta -
to Moultan, Lahore, and Cathmere, ‘for
~weffels of ‘near 200 tons; andia very-ex-
tenfive tradewas carried on between those
antageous pots ‘of |
FAU
’ places, ‘in the time of Aurungzebe ; but,
- prefent;. very Jittle of this eae se ta
awing to.a.bad government in Sindy, and
to a hoftile difpofition of the Seiks, the
prefent poflefitrs.of Moultan and Lahore,
‘Tatta 1s 741. miles nw of Bombay,
Lon. 67 37 E, dat. 24 50:.N..
TaT@ah,,a. town of Africa, fituate
on the. .commmoan,.frontiers of Morocco,
Drah, and, Zanghaga, ; and. in the route
from ‘Moracco:and: Sus. to Tombudoy,
It. is 170 miles 55£ of: Morocco.
TATTERSHALL,.a.town’ in Lincoln.
fhire, with:a market.on Friday. It wag
- formerly of. note: for: its caftle, and is
feated on the Bane, near its confluence
with the Witham, 20 miles sz of Lin-
coln,.and 127-Niet,Eondon. Lon.o 8 w,
lat. 53 6 Nes i. ;
i Tavasrus, a. town of Sweden, in
Finland, capital. of the province of Tavai-
teland, feated on a river which falls into
othedake Wana, 62:miles. NE of Abo.
Taucuety, a town:of Poland, :in Po-
-merellia, feated onthe Verd, 30 miles nw
of Culm, and 55 sw» off Maxienburg.
Loner8 5:8; latwgqig8 Ne.
Taverna, a.town.of Naples, in Ca-
Jabria. Ulteriore, deated on the Coraca, 20
miles of Nicaftro,.andi7o NE of Reggio,
Lons 16.448, lat..ggon0 N. I
Rie or re ak deg confiderable
town ef Portugal,capital of Algarva,with
vayqattle, and one.ofithe bet: we
ithe kingdom, :lefendes by, a-fort..ft is
sfeated in a fertile country sat sthe:mouth
of . the: Gilaon, between! Gape. Miacent
_and :the: ftraits::af Gibraltar, 100. uniles
os wrof Cadiz, sLon.7 46.w, lat. 37
I 4 Mad Beal PIB ay. J
Tavistock, « ‘borough an , Devon-
thire, :with.a market on: Saturday... It is
feated on the river Fayy.: and..was. once
famous ‘fora ftately abbey, now -divided
into-tenements. «iltfends 4wo mimbers to
parliament, shas a broek runningithiouch
every Mucet, anda dtune bridge of five
avches over the viver. It is 33:sniles w
by 1s .of Exeter and 206 of London! ‘Lon.
GO BRN a en
TAUNDON, ariver of I America,
which falls into Narraganfet Bay, on
ithe-# &de' of Rhode Ifland.
APAUNTON, a.town.ot/N “America, ‘in
the ftate of. Rhode Mand; feated on a
tiver of the fame-name, which is naviga-
tbleshence, for dmall yeffels, to Narvagan-
dettBay, aleve io rial sui 0+
Faunpons.a confiderable borough’ in
Somerfethhire, with a market on.Wednef-
de Saturday. . dt tis: fituate son the
‘Thone,:ahich 4s .navigable .hence.go the
Parret, 2
cute of
duroys, d
of malt |
exportatid
in ruins
foacious
ton is g¢
two meri
fcene of’
feign of
duke of
this tow
and 140
17.W, la
TAU
TON, an
fetfhire,
Taur
departing
pf Bret’
river Mo
which de
and . 25
‘detightf
ne: hil
?
TAY
fpacious ftreets, and two churches. Taun-
te ton is governed by a mayor, and fends
0, two members to patliament. It was the
te fcene of ‘many tHood executions, in the
DU pe de of James iz, after the deféat of the
duke of Monmouth, at Sedgemoor, near
as and 140 Ww by @ of London. Lon. 3
is 17.W, lat. 50 s9N.
[TAUNTON-DEAN, or VaLE OF TAUN-
n- TON, an extenfive tratt-of land’in Somer:
, fetfhire, famous for its'fertility. °°"
Taureav, an ile of France,’ in the
in department of Finifterre and late province
al pf Bretagtte; lyfig at the mouth of the
to river Morlaix, On this ifland is a caftle,
which defénds the port of Morlaix. Lon,
- 4.51 W, fat. 48 go N.
w ~ Faurica, or Tauripa. See Cri-
g- MEA. pats,
* Tauris, a city of Perfia, capital of
a- Aderbeiftan, and formerly the capital of
20 erfia. “Tt carri¢s on 4 prodigious ‘trade
O- $n “cotton, cloth,“ filks, gold and flyer
‘brocadés, “firfe “turbatis,’ and Magreen
re Yeather. “Thicte are 300 ‘caravanfaries,
ith and .2.50..mofques. ‘It’ is fated Aa
an detightfat plain, furrounded by mountaing,
unt AURUS,, a great chain of mopntains
les in Afla, “white beats RY hep pait of
37 ‘Little Caraininia, “and cate far into
Yndia.’ “In different places they have di
“i fererit names.
* TAavy, a river in Devonhire, which
ce rifes in‘ Dartmoor Foreft, and waterin
ed ‘Taviltock, enters the harbour oF Hamouze,
“4 above Plymouth. “peat
sh Taw, a river ‘in Devonfhire, which
ad ‘files inthe centre of the county, flows so
if Barnftaple, and joins the Towridge, . et
its ‘mouth in the Briltol Chayne). |,
Tawy, 2 river ‘in, Glamorgaphire, .
ay “which ‘flows ‘parallel _to the Neath, and
“ gers the Brigtal Gianwel, 2 ‘Swrniey
nF) Tax) a Ging ‘iver of “Scotty. She
Z Pp: asta *. which dre near bP bi dn
erthhhire. Flowing thi och Tay
Pe it afterward laa Bi aed en,
‘and receiving the sng ny below the
: ‘latter town, falls into vith of a:
_ : Tay, FRiTH OF, an_arm of the fea,
which divides ifethive from the counties
of Perth and Angus, Towatd its mouth,
TCH
a ridge, leaving the channel ay to the
trom VJits -
waves met, ey eure with a clsthing
noife and much foam:’ the waters thep,
al
ux,
the capital of the s pet of. the province
has one city of -the
tenfive lake, called Tong-tipg-hou,’ 6a,
shies 5 by vorpain ” pecs
““PeHanc-TCHEOU-ROU, a city
China, ‘in the ‘province of Fo-kien, -
is .yery esonndenbie On account of: its
Emiony, Pong-hou, and For,
which is of fuch a fingylag nay
ture, that, when once kindled, it cannot
o-kien,. e.F by the ocean.
his. province, whole plains may be fegn
ogvered wi rf mulborry treeds -pyae
ately check i
f . Ch. MAY sowth ; and.
gious quantities of Gkkworms are Fred
here. "Their lk, Gils, in which go
» and fis ate :intermixed, ase the qngft
beautiful in The tallow, trge
grows here, and they have excellent hamp,
and the: tmall gold ith, with which ponds
are ftocked. ve
TCHERMIGHY,, a government of Ruf
fia, formerly a part of the Unie ie
TY, EB
ital, of the fame mame, is feated on:
¢ Defne. eam
‘ TcHING-Tov-Fov, a city:of China,
the. capital of Se-tcheuen, Gicetiy the
refidence.of the emperors, and one of the.
Iargeft and moit beautiful cities in. the
empire; but, in 1646, it was almoft m-
tirely deftroyed, during the -civil wars
that preceded the laft invafion of the Tar-
tats. Its diftri& contains fix cities of
the fecond and 25 of the third clafs,
TCHIN-KIANG-FOU, a ftrong city of
China, in the province of Kiang-nan, the
key of the empire on the feacoaft. — Its
fituation and trade,-and the beauty of its
walls, give ita preeminence over the
other cities. of the province; but its ju-
rifdiction is confined to three cities of the
third ‘clafs. “It is 25 miles £ -by N of
Nah-king:
Tcuinc-TCHEOU-FOU,acityof China,
in the province of Kiang-nan, feated near
the canal through which all barks muft pafs
in’ going from Sou-tcheou, to Kiang.
Under it are five cities of the third clafs, in
which a kind of earthen ware is prepared,
highly valued by the Chinefe, who pre-
tend, that the tea prepared in thefe
veffels acquires a fuperior quality, ;.\and
they prefer this plain’earthen ware to the
5,
moft elegant porcelain. |
TCHIN-TING-FQU, a large city of.
China, in the’ province of Pe-tcheli. Its
diftri& contains five cities of the ‘fecond ~
ahd'27’ of the. third’clas; and it is: 120
thiles 's'by w of Pekin.; |
‘* Peu1-TcHEOU-FOU, 4 city of China,
§n'the province of Kidng-nan. It is feated
on the yiver Kiang, and has under it fix
‘eities Of the third clafs..
.PCHONG-xING- vou, a city of China,
ori¢ of the moft commercial in the province
of Se-tchuen. It is feated on a nioun-
tajn; rifing in the form of ah amphi-
theatré, at the.confluence of the’Hin-cha-
«kiang and Yang-tfe-kiang. Under it are
‘three cities of the fecond and 11 of the
‘third clafs. It is 637 miles sw of Pekin.
“TeircicaR, the moft northern of the
three departments of Eaftern Chinefe Tar-
‘tary: Its capital, of the fame hame, is
’@ modern city, built. by the emperor of
“frtturfions ‘of ‘the. Ruffians: is’ 450
Fuiiles’NE.of Pekin... 396s 8 Oo"
oC Tepessa, a'townr of the kingdom of
UF unis; with evetal remains’ of antiquity.
*Tt’ ig’ feated at’ the “fdot of t mountain.
‘China, to fecure his doreabe. grat the
I
‘Lon. 85g)’ lat. gacgr nels tre
‘OP EBZA, a ftfong town ofthe kingdom
of Morocco, capital of a provitice of the
Fame tame), ‘It’ cates Un’ a’ good trade,
oe! ediG ie r jo” os : MiOi «
TEF
and is feated’ on-the fide of one of the
mountains of Atlas. Lon.4 55 w, lat.
32 5° N, \ j
Tecevr; atown, of ‘Morocco, in the
province of Sus, feated on the river Sus,
in acountry abounding indates and fugar-
canes, four miles EB of, Meffa. Lon, 8
25 £, late290N. ; |
TECKLENBURG, a town of Weft,
phalia, capital of a county of the fame
name, with a ¢aftle on a hill, It was
bought by the king of Pruffia in 1707,
and is 42 miles-sw of Ofnaburg, and
25 NE ‘of Munfter. Lon. 8 2 £, lat. 52
20N.
TECOANTEPECA, a confiderable fea-
yort of New Spain, in the audience of
Mexico and periesy of Guaxaca, feated
ona bay of the fame name, in the Pacific
Ocean: “It has a fortified abbey, and
feveral handfome churches. Lon. 95 15 w,
lat. £5 28 N. ed
~Trscort, or TICARTE, an ancient
and {trong town of Barbary, capital of
a kingdom of the fame name, in Bil.
dulgerid. It is feated on’ a mountain,
420 miles sw-of Tripoli. Lon.7 55 85
lat: 29 35N.
TECULET, a feaport of the kingdom of
Morocco, with an old caftle, It is feated
on the fide of a ‘mountain, at the mouth
‘of a. river of the fame name. Lon, 9
‘g°W, lat.'30 45 N. phir ee
TEDDINGTON, a village in Middlefex,
-feated on the Thames, 12. miles wsw of
‘London. | The church is a perpetual cu-
racy, which was enjoyed by the. celebrated
philofopher, Dr. Stephen Hales: from the
ear 1749) Eill/his death in 1761, He is
nterrec utider the tower of the church,
which he erected at his own expence.
. TEDELEZ, a-ftrong town of Algiers,
_in a province of the fame name, on the
‘coaft of thé Mediterranean, with a caftle,
50 miles ‘NE of Algiers. Lon. 3 5 &
lat. 4.7.5 Ne js Yee
TEDNEST, a large town of Morocco
Proper, cdpital.of the. province of Hea,
It'was taken by the Portuguefe in 1517,
but they were. driven'away foon after. It
is ‘aloft firrounted Of ariver. Lon,
8 35 lat.30:390N. 6
+ "Pepsi; a'comitiercial:tuwn of Morocco,
-in the province of Sus, feated in a’ plain
i jemi as i, be tue aa
(Abie OF, Sa 9 ee ae
VE " ‘U Tp YC Leet y ul,
Tf Phas, & vivel tetlich riles on ‘the con-
ih f Cumberlind, divides the county
of Durham from Yorkthire,:and falls into
‘the German Ocean, below Stockton...“ °
| “TREFEZARA, an ancient and ftrong |
“towil'of Algiers, in the province of Tie
TE!
mefen, 12 ‘miles from the city of that
mame. There are a great many mines of
iron in its territory.
Terrwis, the capital of Georgia, one
ef the feven Caucafian nations between
the Black "Sea:and the Cafpian. It is
called. by the inkabitants ‘Thilis-Cabar
(warm town) from the warm baths in its
neighbourhood. It contains 20,000 in-
habitants, of which more’ than half are
Armenians; the remainder principally
Georgians: The ftreets feldom exceed
feven teet in breadth; and fome are fo
arrow as fcarcely to allow room for a
man on horfeback: they are confequently
very filthy. All the houfes are of ftone,
‘wit!. flat roofs, which ferve, according to
the cuftom of the Eaft, as walks for the
women. Here is a foundry, at which
pend on a few cannon, aia: and balls ;
and t wder made here is very
good. The Armenians have eftablithed
here all the manufactures carried on by
their countrymen in Perfia: ‘the moft
flourifhing is that of printed linens.
Tefflis is feated on the Kur; at the foot
of a mountain, 325 miles w of Terki.
Lon. 65 3'£, lat. 41 59N. ?
TeEGAZA, a town of Africa, capital of
a territory of that name, to the NE of
Senegal.. It is remarkable for mountains
of falt. Lon. 6 30w,; lat. 21 40N.
TEGERHY, a town of Africa, in the
kingdom: of Fezzan, 80 miles sw of
Mourzook,
TEGL10, a town of the country of the
Grifons, capital of a government of the
fame name, in the Valteline. -In 1620,
all the proteftants of this place, and
throughout the Valteline, were maflacred.
It is Tiais on the top of a mountain,
nine miles from Tirano, and 12 from
Sondrio. ;
TeIGN, a river in Devonfhire, com-
pofed of two branches, which rife in the
centre of the county, and uniting, enter
the Englith Channel, at Teignmouth.
TEIGNMOUTH, a feaport .in. Deyon-
fhire, reckoned part of the port of Exeter.
It has no market, but fends asnumber of
veffels to the Newfoundland ‘fifhery, and
has a confiderable coafting trade, efpeci-
ally in carrying tobacco-pipe clay to
Liverpool, whence are brought back
coal, falt,’ earthen ware, &c; This is
the place where the Danes firft landed,
and where they committed feveral out-
rages, It is feated at the mouth of the
Teign, 12 miles’ s of Exeter; and 280
W by 8s of London. Lon. 3 29 w, lat.
$0 32 N.
Peiste, a river of Hungary, which
* 8 W
rifes in the Carpathian mountains, paffes
and falls into
by Tockay and Segedin,
the Danube, near Titul. .
TELEMONA, a town of Tufcany, with
a fall harbour, and a ftrong fort. It is
feated at the moyth of the Off, at the
extremity of a point:of a craggy rotk,
to iniles from Orbixello. Lon. 1x 13 £,
lat. 42 28 N. . BN sais 9
TELGEIN, or TELGA, a trading town
of Sweden; in Sudermania, feared on the
8 bank of the lake Maeler,.12 miles sw
of Stockhdlm, Lon. 17 24’£, lat. 59
18 N.
TELLICHERRY, a feaport of Hindoo-
ftan, on the coaft of Malabar, “where
there is an Englith faétory. It is 30
miles wnw of Calicut. Lon. 75 50 8,
Jat..31 48N. eee oe:
__ TELTSH, a town of Germany, in Mo-
ravia, feated on the frontiers of Bohemia,
at the fource of the river Teya, 36 miles
WNw of Znaim. Lon..16 0 £, Jat. 49
@ N. : P
TEZMENDEFUST, 2 town of the king-
dom of Algiers, feated on the Mediter-
yancan, 10 miles E’of Algiers.
TEMESWAR, a confiderable town of
ital of a territory
emefwar.' It for-
Upper Hungary, ca
called the.bannat of
merly Leese for impregnable } but it was
taken Y prince Eugene, in a:dry feafon,
in 1716. ‘It is feated in‘ a mora{s, 60
miles NE of Belgrade, and 150 sz of
Buda, Lon. 22 208, lit. 45 97 N.
TEMISSA, a large town of Africa, im
the kingdom of Fezzan. Here the cara-
van of pilgrims trom Bornowand Nigritia,
which takes its departure fromm Mourzook,
and travels by way of ‘Cairo to Mecca,
ufually provides the ftores of ‘corn and
dates, and: dried meat,. réquifite for its
dreary paffage. It is t20 miles enz‘of
2 th rit AN
EMROCK, 2 feaport of the Cuban, in
Afia, feated on: the? feaof Afoph, "io
miles wot ‘the ftraits'of ‘Caffa. “Lon. 37
208; lateggaz7ni 0 0
7 lt Ry of .Siain, which
nto 'the of Bengai, ‘in lon..
8 w, lat..12 fs : ah de Sl
TENBURY, a town in Worcefterthire,
with a market on Tuelday, feated on the
Teme, 15 miles w by § ef Worcefter,
and 130 wNw of London. ‘Lon: 2 14'W,
lat.:52 16.N.
_ TEnsy, a feaport in’ Pembrokehire,
with a market on Wednetday and Satur-
day, Its caftle was demolifhed in the
civil wars, and its trade 1s inconfidersble.
t is to miles EB of Pembroke, and 233
% of London.: Lon. 5 ¢'w, lat..51 42's-
ae
TEN
Tencu’s Iszanp, an ifland in the
cific Ocean, two miles in circumferences
difcovered by lieutenant Ball in 1790.
It is low, but intirely covered with trees,
tmany Of which are the cocoa-nut. The
fiatives oblerved in the canoes, that ven-
‘tured to come fomewhat near the hhip,
we retnarkably ftout men, quite naked,
and of a copper colour; their hair re-
fembling that'of the New Hollanders,
and fome of their beards reaching as low
as. the navel, with an. appearance: of
much art having. been ufed to form them
into long ringlets.: T'wo or three of the
en fomething .like. a bead or bone
ulpe: to a fring, which was faftened
round the neck. The targe/t of their
‘gandes appeared to be about 238 feet long,
and made out of a large tree, with 2 long
outrigger. Lon. 151 31 £, lat.1 39 5.
TENpA, a town of Piedmont, capital
‘of a county of the {ame name. is
feated at the foot of a mountain, om the
tiver i 52 miles s of Turin. Lon.
7 4§ E> lat. 44 iON.
‘BNEDOS, a celebrated ifland in the
chipelago, on the epaft of Natolia, and
10 milgs sw of the ftraits of Gallipoli.
It is tz miles long and 10 broad, ayd
its thulcadine wine is the beft m all the
Levant. On the £ fide, is a large town,
feated at the foot of a mouatain, with a
‘fine harbour, commanded. by a cattle.
On the sth of June, 2794, after fome
fevere fhocks of an earthquake, a {mall
volcanic ifland was difcovered to have
emerges from the. fea, between this town
and the Afiatic there.
TeNeERiFF, one of the Canary Iflands,
ahd the moft confiderable of them for
riches, trade, and extent. It lics w of
the Grand Canary, is 45 miles.long and
2o broad, and abounds in wine, different
forts of fruits, cattle, and game. One
part of this ifland is Lcreunten by inac-
ceffible mountains, and one in particular,
called the Pike of Teneriff, is 15,396
feet above the level of the fea, arid may
be feen 120 miles: off, in a clear day.
This ifland is fubje&t to earthquakes ; and,
in 1704, one deftroyed feveral towns, and
ee. thoufand people. » The laborious
works in this ifland ere chiefly performed
by oxen and mules, horfes being {carce,
and referved for the ufe of the. officers.
Hawks and parrots are natives of the
ifland, as alio {wallows, feagulls, part-
ridges, canarybirds, and Blackbirds,
. There are alfo ‘lizards, jocufts, and dra-
onflies.. The climate is remarkably
Fealthful, and particularly adapted to
afford velief in phthifical complaints.
TEN
is the capital. Lon,
lat. 23 29.N. . Re 12%
TENERIFP, a town of Terra: Firma
in the government of St. Martha, feated
on the Rio de la Madalenz, 100 miles 9
by w of St. Martha. Lon. 74 15 Wy.
lat. 9 47 N. ‘
TEnez, a town of Algiers, in the
province of Tremeten, capital of a diftrid
of the fame name, with a ftrong fort.
It is. feated on the fide of a mountain
four miles from the fea. Len. 10 E, fo,
39,20 Nu,
E-NGAN-FOU, a populous and com-
mercial city of China’ in the asringeck
Hou-quang, with fix cities dependent on
it. It is 200 miles w by s of Nan- king.
Lon, 112 23 £, lat. 31 oN.
TENG-FONG-HIEN, a city of China,
under the juriddigtion of Ho-nan-fou, in
the province of Ho.nan. It is famous
,on account ef the tower, ereéted tor an
obfervatory by the celebrated aftronomer
‘T’cheou-kong. j
TENNASSEE, one‘of .the United States
.of America, fituate between the parallels
of 35 and 361 degrees latitude ; bounded
on the s by S Carolina and Georgia, on
the w by the Miffiflippi, on the n by
Kentucky and Virginia, and on the g by
the Iron and Bald mountains, which fepa-
rate it fram N Carolina, of which ftate
i, ‘was lately the weftern part. It is
“upward of ¢00 miles intength, and 104
in breadth; and is divided into three
difttiGts, and 11 counties. The diftriés
are Wathington,, Mero, and Hamilton, -
of which Jonefborough, Nafhville, and
Knoxville are the chief towns; and the
counties are Blount, Sullivan, Davidfon,
Greene, Hawkins, Jefferfon, Knox, Sum-
mer, Sevier, Tennaflec,.and Washington.
Its principal rivers are the Milliffippi,
Tennaffee, Cumberland, Holfton, Clinch,
and Duck ; and it is abundantly watered
by other rivers and creeks. The Cum-
berland mountains, a ridge near 30 miles
-broad, cut this fate into the eaftern and
weftern divifions, and the latter is the
largeft pat. The climate, {oil, and pro-
duce of Tennaflee are much the fame as
the adjoining ftate. of Kentucky, which
fee, Tennafice was admitted as a member
of the United State; in 1796; and on
taking the cenfus,in 1795,. there appeared
to be 977,262 inhabitants, . of _ whom
66,649 were free perfons. Knoxville,
the capital, is feated on the river, Hol-
ften, 494 miles wsw of Richmond in
Virginia. Lon. 84.8:w, lat. 35 58 N.
Pinnavice, a river of N America,
formerly called the Cherokee River, It
fifes im th
fines of
the bord
porthware
brarich, .
trom the
the Cum
gids whe:
called th
ni
TER
fifes im the Iron mountains, on the con-
fines of Georgia; and, after traverling
the borders of the Cherokee country
northward; is joined by the Holfton
brarich,. when it is called the Tennaflee:
from thence it runs sw, on the B fide of
the Cumberland mountains, into Geor-
ia, where it makes a circuit to the w,
called the: Great Bend; ‘it then reenters
the [tate of ‘Iennatlees »which it. pafles
quite through, direétly..N, into: that of
Kentucky; here it foon turns to the Nw,
and thén falls into the Ohio, 60 miles
above the confluence of that river, with
’ the Miffifippi. The Tennaflee is 600
yatds »broad at its ‘mouth, and thence
navigabl¢ by veffels of gitat burden for
260 milés, to the Mufcle Shoals, in the
Great Bend: here the river widens to
_ between two and three miles, for nearly
go miles; :md thefe thoals can only, be
affed in {niall boats: from hence it may
navigated, by boats of 40 tons bur-,
deny at leat 600 miles further, fome tris |
fling falls excepted:
&N-TCHEQU-FOU, acity of Chinay
in the province of Chang-tong, with a
good port, and: eight .cities in its jurifs
distion. .It-is tented) on the N fide of a
peniniula of the: Yellow Sea, 200 milés
S#. of Pekin.» Loni 116° 50 £, , lat. 35
20°N. ¢ Z ae yo wee
‘TENNESTADT, a town of Upper Sax-
ony, in Thuringia, near-the rtvers Sel-
tenlein and ‘Schanibach; five miles from
Eri&rt.
TENTERDEN; @ corporate town in
Kent, governed by a mayor, with a
market on Friday. The ftceple.of the
chusch is very lofty, and at.the time of
the Spanith invafion, in 1588, was made
wte of as.a beacon. It is 24 miles sw
of Cantérbury, and 56 £ by 5 of London,
Lon. o 758, lat. 51 12-6:
Teric; aitown of New Spain, in the
audience of Guadalajara, 500 miles NW
ef the city of Mexico,:
TERamo, a town <of Naples, in
Abruzzo Ulteriores with a bifhop’s fee,
Aeated at the.confiwence of the Viciola and
‘Fordino, ‘10 miles Nw of: Atri, and 25
NE of Aquileia... Lon. 13 392, Jat. 42
Terasso; an ancient, but almoft
‘ruined town of Turkey in. Europe, in
Caramaniay with an archbifhop’s fee. It
was formerly called Tarfus, was the capi-
-tal.of Cilicia, and is’ the birthplace .of St.
Paul, It is feated: on the Mediterranean
- don. 35-558, latz37 10 N. we hy
. Trrasson,'a.town of France, in the
department of Dordogne and. date province
TER
of Perigord, feated on the Vefere, 2g
miles N of Sarlat. Lon. 1 ag £, lat..¢g
5.Ne '
TERCERA, one of the : Azores, of
Weftern Iflands. . It, is very fertile, and
contains about 20,000 inhabitants, Ans
gra is the capital. ., Sty
TERGA, an ancient town of Movecco,
feated on the Ommirabi, 25 miles from
Azaimor. re ee :
‘Tercevisto, or Tervis, a com-
mercial town, capital of Walachia. I¢
has’a fine palace, belonging to the waya
wodg; and is feated’ on the Jalonitz, 3@
niles. Nw. of Buchareft, Lon. 25 26 ty
late4545N, 0 08.) ote}
‘TERK1, a town of Circaflia, where ©
prince refides dependent. ‘on the Ruflians,
this. being their frontier, town againtk
Perfia, It is feated on-a river of the
fame name,.in a-marthy place, one mile
from the Cafpian Sea, and 225 E of
Tefflis.. Lon. 47 508, lat.43 22 Ns
__ FERMINI, a town.on the N coaft of
Sicily, in the Val-di-Demona, with a
ftrong caftle. It is tamous for its mines
9 waters, and has a. fine, aqueduct.
It js feated.at the mouth of a-river-of the
fame name, in a territory abounding in
corn, oil, and wine, 2o:miles sp-of Pa-
lermo.. Lon. 13 44 By Jats 33 5 .N.
TERMOLL, or TERMINI, a town of
Naples, in Capitanata, with a bithop’s
fee, feated neax the fea 32 miles sz of
Lanviano, and 70 NE of. Naples. Lom
15.208, lat. 41 59 N. Ee:
TERNATE, an ifland of the Indiaz
Ocean, the principal ofthe Moluccas.
It is mountainous, and has.a great: num-
ber of woods, which furnifh mach games
but it. produces @ great quantity of
cloves, and other fruits: proper to the
climate. It lies a little to the w of
Gilolo, and 200 miles £ of Celebes,
Lon, 129 o£, lat.1 oN.
TeRNeuse, aftrong town. and fort of
Dutch Flanders, on the w branch of -the
Scheld, called the Hondt. It is eight miles
nN of Sas-van-Ghent, and 25 ww of
Antwerp. . It was taken. hy the French
in 1794. Lon.3 45 £; lat. §1 20N.
TeRNI, an ancient city of Italy, in
the duchy of Spoletto, with @ bifhop’s
fee. The. cathedral is a magnificent ftruc-
ture, and the place contains, about 9,000.
inhabitants; but it was much more con-
fiderable formerly than it is now. ‘The
famous cataract of the rivet Velino is.a
mile from this city, which is feated in an
,ifland formed by the river Neva, on which
account it was anciently called Interamna.
Terni isthe birthplace of Tacitus the
TER
13 15E, lat. 41 24h.
TERRA DEL Fusco.
DEL FUEGO.
Terra or Lavora. See LAVORA.
TERRA D'OTRANTO. See OTRANTO.
TERRA FinMA, or TIERRA FIRME,
a kingdom of S America, bounded on the
N by the Caribbean Sea, on the NE by
the Atlantic, on the sz by Guiana and
Amazonia, on the s by the new kingdom
of Granada, and on the w by the Pacific
Oceans and by the ifthmus of Darien,
which feparates it from N America. Its
length, trom the Atlantic to the Pacific
Ocean is upward of 1300 miles: its
greatelt. breadth is 750; but, in fome
places, toward the Oronoko, not above
180. It is divided into the following
provinces: Terra Firma Proper, or Da-
rien, Carthagena, St. Martha, Rio de la
Hacha, Venezuela, Caraccas, Cumana,
and Paria, or New Andalufia. The
whole country is now fubjeé to the vice-
roy of the new kingdom of Granada, who
refides at St. Fé de Bogota.
Terra FirMA Proprr, another name
for the province of Darien, in America.
See DaRIEN.
TERRA Nuova, an ancient feaport,
on the NE coaft of Sardinia, feated at the
bottom of a gulf of the fame.name, 65
miles NNE of Saffari. Lon.9 358, lat.
41 3N.
Terripon, Locn, an inlet of the
fea, on-the w coaft of Roisthire, between
Gairloch and Applecrofs. It has many
creeks and bays.
TERRING, a town in Suffex, with a
market on Saturday. It is feated on the
downs, not tar from the fea, 24 miles £
of Chicefter, and 53 sw of London.
Lon.o 31 wy lat.50 soN.
‘LBRROUEN, a town of France, in the
9
TET
a little diftance from it is an old caftle,
on an eminence, where the.ancient dukes
refided. The inhabitants carry on a trade
in leather, woollen ftuffs, and Hungary
wines ; and make pretty good fire-arms,
and excellent beer. A treaty of peace
was concluded here, in 1779, between
the emperor Jofeph 11 and Frederic 111 of
Pruffia.. It is 27 miles sz of Troppaw,
and 65 sw of Cracow. Lon.18 172,
lat.'49 52 N. \
TeszeGDELT, a town of Morocce
Proper, furrounded by a craggy rock,
which renders it impregnable. i is feated
at the mouth ot the Techubit, 200 miles
Ww of Morocco.
Tesine-. ariver of Swifferland, which
has its fo..ce in Mount St. Gothard,
flows through the country of the Grifons,
and the lake Maggiore; then running
through part of the Milanete, it wathes
Pavia, and a little atter falls into the Po.
Test, or TSE, a river, which rifles
in the Nw of Hants, and watering Stock-
bridge and Rumiey, falls into the bay of
Southampton.
TETBURY, a town in Gloucefterhhire,
with a market on Wednelday, and a
confiderable trade in cheefe,. yarn, -and
wool, It is 25 miles ENE of Briftol, and
99 Ww of London. Lon.1 8w, lat. 51
Tericaco, a lake of Peru, in: the
audience of Lima and province of Cal-
lao, above 200 miles in cigcumference.
TSTUAN, an ancient city of the king-
dom of Fez, with a caitle. ‘The houles
have only little holes toward the ftreets,
to lock out at; for the windows are 20
the infide, toward the courtyard, which
‘
is furrounded
niddle, is ge
poules ang, tw
very fine eyes
ful kins; anq
from the bofo
are very {mi
nafter fitting!
with the go
himy and all
treet. It i
three miles. f
5 of Ceuta,
Lon. 5 26° W5
TEVERO
ancient Anis|
nines, 50 yi
through a p
town, when
fpace bet
groves. TY
refiden » of
atemple her
form: of wh
built, wher,
face of - per
with, augge
ik SOA
lofty: preg pi
Gude thro
Tivoli ja:
foaming - We
into numbei
gained, (the
ceives the '
and. flows: q
the Tiber,
TEVLOT
rifes in &
burghthire;
the celitre «
Tweed, ne
TEVIOT
SHIRE.
TSURAI
kingdom, €
near thé
TEUSEI
barys in J
parts by a
fines “Of I
in dates,
TEWKE
cehterfhire,
and Satur
monaftery
mous for
ipeare all
T EW:
furrounded by ies j-and in, the ’
niddle. is generally |a fountain. The.
poules ang two ftories high, flat at the:
top, afd ‘the ftreets very narrow,; The
women Vifit €ach other'from the tops of
their houfes; they wear bracelets on their
ums and legs, and large ear-rings; ‘have
very fine eyes, and forme of them, beauti-,
ful kins; and their veft: is open. before,
from the bofom to the waift. The tho
ae very {mall, and without doors; the
matter fitting crofs-legged on a counter, -
with the goods difpofed ‘in drawers round
him, and all the cuftomers ftand in, the
fireet. It is, feated. on the river Cus,
three miles from the Mediterranean, 21.
s of Ceuta, and 1608 N by, Ww, of Fez.
Lon. 5 26° wy lat. 35 27N.-/
TEVERONE, u ee TR * » ‘the
ancient Anis, which rifes, in the Appen-
ae 50 ,miles above Tivoli, glides;
through a plain, till it comes meas that:
town, when.it is confined. for a: thort:
fpace between two hills, covered; with:
groves.. Thefe were fuppofed to be the
refidence., of the, fiby]. Albunea,. to. whom)
a temple here. was dedicated, the elegant
fam: of which indicates its having been
built when the arts were in, the higheft
tare of perfection. The river: movin
with auggented, rapidity, as’ its.channe
is confined, at aft: rufhes violently oves @
lofty precipice ;, the noife of its falls re-
founds, through the hills and roves of
Tivoli ;, a; quid cloud arifes from the
foaming water, which: afterward, divides
into numberlefs fmall cafcades, Having
gained, the plain, it foon afterward: re-
ceives the waters of the lake Solfatara;
and. flows: qitietty on till it lofes itRlf jn
the Tiber, “See SOLFATARA, i.)
TevieT,,a river of Scotland; whieh
rifes in the. mountains in the sw of Rox.
burghthirey ‘and paffing almoit through
the ceittre of that county, unites with the
Tweed, near Kelfo. gs
TEVIOTOALE. ”
SHIRE.
TEVRART,..an ancient town of the
kingdom, of Fez, feated on a mountein
near thériyer’Za, a
TEUSERA,: an ancient town af Bar:
. Shas we 7 7
See ROXBURGH:
bary, in Biledulgerid, dividéd into ‘two
pats by ariver... It ftands, on the con,
fines of Tunis; in a cotintry abounding
in dates, Lon.'t0/16 FE, lat. 41 28 8.
TEwkesBury, ‘a borough in Glow,
cetterfhire, with a market on Wednefday
and Saturday, ‘Here dte the ruins of a
monaftery;/ and it was formerly « fa+
mous for muttard balls, to which Shak- *
ipeare alludes in bis fecond ‘pact ai
THEA
Henry sv. Ft has manufattuees of wees:
len cloths and cotton ftockings, aud: fends
two members to parliaments: » in,
1471, Edward iv. gained a decifive vieq.
tory overthe Lancaftrians.. Tewkefbury, |
ig feated at the cc >4uence .of the: Severn:
ant: Avon, 10,miu's Not Gloucefters.
and 102 wWNwiof London, Lon.2 13.W5:
lat. 52 ON. + fi
TEXEL, an iflandof the United Pro-,
vinces, in N Holland, feparated trom the
continent by a narrow: channel, of the
fame name, defended: by a itrong fort.
This channel is the beit and moft fouthern,
entrance from the ocean into the Zuider-
Zee, and through it moft of the thips pats
that are bound to Amitecdam.
Teya, a. river of Germany, which
rifes near Teltth, in’ Moravias flows 2,
by Znaim,,.on the borders of Auftria,
and enters the. Moraw, on the confines
of, Hungary, vt hg aun dif
TE¥N, atown of Bohemia, belonging
to the arehbifhop of Prague, 52 miles
sw of that. city, Lom.13 4028, lat.49
38N. fe ie" ‘ovbg: Weare
TEZAR, an ancient town.of the king.
dom of Fez, capital. of the province’ of
Cuzi.. Here is 4 moique larger'than that
of Fez, being balf a. mile’ in, cireumfers
ence. It is feated on’ a-finall yiver, 4g
miles: g. of Fez. Lon. 4.15.w;, lat. 33
40 Ni te wad PRA TH
. TEZCUCO, a town of New Spain, and
the capital of a large government. . Here
Cortez caufed a, ¢anal to be dug, vehere
he. built 18. brigantines, to carry on ‘the
fiege Of Mexico. It.is feated neaf-the lake
of Mexico, 40 miles: 4 of the city of that
name. Lon, 100 4 Wy lat. 20 3 Neo.
. TRzELA, an ancient town of Algiera,
ini the kingdbmof T remefen, witha calle,
as milés trom Oran. Lonsd asey. Jet,
35 4a5N. praerguan Bay
Tezoreg;, a town of the kingdom of
Fez, 'feated on the point of a-rocle, ont
miles. from Melilla... Lon. 2.95 w, lat.
-THames, the finett river in Great.
Britain, which takes its rife from a; co-
pious fpring; called: Thames Head, two
miles sw of Cirencefter, in. Gloucefter-.
¥
Ahive. * Tt has: been erroieouflyciaidj, that
its: name is Tfis,.till it arrive vat Dox-
hefter, 15 miles elow Oxford,..wwhien,
being joingd:by:the Thame’ot Tame, it
affumes the name of Thusmes, which, it
has beenobferved; is formed-fram a.com-.
“bination! oF ‘the wards’ ‘Thame: and Ife.
“What was the origin of this vulgar extox,
cannot now be traced. Poetical Gction,
however, hag, Porpetusted: this error, apd
P
THA
invefted it with a kind of claffteal fandtity.
But Camden fays, that the river was al-
ways called Thames or Tems, before it
came near the Thame; and in feveral
ancient charters granted to the abbey of
Malmibury, aswell as that of Entham,
and’in tlre old deeds relating to Cricklade,
itv is never. confidered-under any other
name than that of Thames. All the
hiftorians, who. mention the incurfions of
Ethelwold into Wilthire, in 905, or
of Canute, in 1016; concur likewife in \
the fame opinion, by declaring, that they
jailed over the Thames at Cricklade in
iltthire. It is not probable, moreover,
that ‘Thames Head, .an appellation by
which the fource has ufually been diftin-
guifhed, fhould give rife toa river of the
name of Ifis; which river, after having
run half its courfe, fhould reafiume the
name of Thames, the appellation of its
parent {pring. About a mile below the
fource of the river, it is not more than
nine feet wide in the fummer, yet, in the
winter becomes frch a torrent, as to
overflow the meadows for many miles
around. ' The ftream proceeds to Crick-
lade, where it receives, many other rivu-
lets; which caufes it to widen confiderably
in'its way to Lechlade; and being there
joined by the Lech and Coln, at the dif-
tance of 138 miles from London, it be-
comes navigable for veffels. of 90 tons.
At Oxford (in whofe ‘acadentic groves
its poetical name of Ifis has been fo often
invoked) it ‘is joined by. the Charwell;
and proceeding to Abingdon, and thence
to Dorchefter, it ‘receives the Tame.
Paffing by Wallingford to Reading; and
forming a boundary ito the ‘counties of
Berks, Bucks, Surry, and “Middlefex,
it water's Henley, Marlow, Maidenhead,
...Windfor, Staines, Chertfey, Kingiton,
and Brentford,: in its courfe to London;
during which it receives the Kennet,
Loddon, Coln, Wey, Mole, and Wan-
dle. . Fram London, the ‘river proceeds
to Greenwich, Woolwich, Grays-Thur-
yock, Gravefend, and Leigh, into the
German Ocean, ‘in which-courfe it parts
Effex from -Kent, ‘and receives the Lea,
‘“WRoding, Darent, and Medway. « Tlie
_ jari{ai&tion of the lord mayor of London
ever the Thames, extends from. Coln
Ditch, a little to the w of Staines, to
‘Yendal or Yenleet, eaftward, includin
“part of the rivers Medway and Lea; an
-he-has-a'deputy; named the water-bailiff,
-who.i8 to fearch for, and punifh, all
offenders againgt the laws for the: prefer-
_. vation of the river and its fith, Eight
‘eimes a: year the lord mayor and aldermen
THA
hold courts of ‘confervancy for the four’
counties of Surry, Middlelex, Pies oe
Kent. Though the Thames is faid to
be navigable 238 miles above London
Bridges there are fo many flats, that, in
{ummer, the navigation weltward would
be intirely topped, were it not for a
number of locks: but there is no lock
from London Bridge to Bolter's Lock
which is 52 miles above that bridge,
The plan of new cuts has been adopted,
in fome places, to fhorten ahd fecilitate
the ik ocr b there is one near Lech-
lade, and another, a mile from Abingdon
A till: more important undertakin was
effected in 1789; > the junétion of this
river with the Severn. A canal had been
made, from the Severn to Wall-bridge
near Stroud. “ A new canal now afcends
by Stroud, through the Vale of Chalford
to the height “of 343 feet, by 28 locks,
and thence to the entrance of a tunnel
near Sapperton, a di(tance of near eight
miles; which tunnel, _extending under
Sapperton Hill and part of’ earl Ba-
thurtt’s grounds, two miles and three
furlongs, can navigate barges of 70 tons,
The canal, defcending hence 134 feet, by
14 locks, joins the Thames at Lechlade, _
a diftance of above 20 miles. The lencth
of the whole canal, from the Severn ta
‘the Thames, is more than 30 miles. A
communication with the Trent and Mer-
fey has likewife been effected, by a canal
from Oxford to Coventry; and an a& of
parliament has pafled, to extend another
canal ‘from this; at Braunfton, to the ©
Thames at Brentford, to be called the ©
Grand -Jun&tion Canal. The tide flows
up the Thames as high as Kingfton,
which, following the winding of the
river, is 70 miles from the ocean; a |
greater diftance than the tide is carried by
any other river in Europe. The water is
efteemed extremely wholefome, and fit for
wfe in very long voyages, during which —
it-will work itfelf perfeétly fine.
THAMES, a river of the United States,
in Conneéticut. “It is compofed of two |
principal branches, the Shetucket on the
£, and the Norwich, or Little River, on |
the -w. . This laft, about a mile from
its junction with the Shetucket, at Nor-
wich, has a romantic cataraét,
enters at New London.
Tuanst, an-ifland of ‘Kent, com-
prifing the e£ angle of that county, and |
feparated from the mainland by a narrow |
channel of the.Stour, It produces much
corn, efpecially barley, and alfo madder.
From |
Norwich, the Thames is navigable 13 _
miles to Long Ifland Sound, which it —
‘It contains
‘gy lat, 51
The 's part
Ramfgate,
THASO,
on the coaft
of the gulf
long and e1
the neceflay
wine are
mines of g
of fine'mar'
fame name
merchants.
- THaxt
with a ma
by a mayo
of the Che
fords and
THEBA
feaching fr
¢2
js the
ople of
1 of defe
treat of ag
lived here
now inhal
bers by p
_ THEBE
of Upper
having 1¢
magnifice
villages,
Gournou,
which are
Carnack :
THEBI
See THIN
THEO!
fhire, 12
mous for
dens of '
‘that nob!
for Hatfi
palace w
_ THEO
THER
lago, ‘8 ©
gulf of
broad.
vated, a
The prit
the refid
$9 B, la
THES
THE’
‘with ar
‘én the ;
mount,
and fen
‘governte
to parlit
THE
The s part is a rich traét of marth land.
‘It contains the feaports of Margate and
Ramfgate, and feveral villages.
THASO, an ifland of the Archipelago,
on the coaft of Macedonia, at the entrance
of the gulf of Conteffa. It is 12 miles
long and eight broad, and abounds in au
the neceflaries of life. The fruits and
wine are very delicate; and there are
mines of gold and filver, befide quarries
of fine‘marble. The chief town, of the
fame name, has a harbour frequented by
merchants. Lon.24 328, latqo s9N.
- THAXTED, a corporate town in Effex,
with a market on Friday. It is governed
by a mayor, and feated néar the’ fource
of the Chelmer, 20 miles nw of Chelms-
ford, and 43 NE of London. Lon.o 21
; Bh te si 56N. ple ‘
HBBAID, a country o t t,
reaching from Fium to the Ral Sexe re
is the Seat fertile, and the thinneft of
ple of any province in E ppt being
Pi of deferts, and celebrated for the re-
treat of a great number of Chriftians, who
lived here in a folitary manner. It is
now inhabited by Arabs, ‘who are rob-
bers by proteffion.
THEBES, the ancient name of a city
of Upper Egypt. It was celebrated for
having 106 gates; and there are many
sedgtficent remains of antiquity. Three
villages, named Carnack, Luxor, and
Gournou, are feated among its ruins,
which are hence called the antiquities of
Carnack and Luxor.
THEBES, an ancient city of Livadia.
See THIVE.
THEOBALDS, a village in Hertford-
fhire, 12 miles N of London. It was fa-
mous for the magnificent palace and gar-
dens of the great lord apace ia which
‘that nobleman exchanged with James 1
for Hatfield. The fmall remains of this
palace were demolifhed in 1765.
_ Tueoposia. See Carra.
THERMIA, an ifland of the Archipe-
Kates, lago, ' of the ifland of Zia, and near the
f two gulf of Engia, 12 miles long and five
B the broad. The foil is good and well culti-
9 ON
vated, and it has a great deal of filk.
from The principal town, ot the fame name, is
mn ; the refidence of a Greek bifhop. Lon, 24
som $9 E, lat. 47 31N.
ne THESSALY. See JANNA.
ch it THETFORD, a borough in Norfolk,
with a market on Saturday. It is feated
a F ‘én the Little Oufe, and there is a high
» and | mount, which has been walled round,
hha and fenced with a double rampart. It ts
a ‘governed by a mayor, fends two members
to parliament, amd has three churches, a
THT
good freefchool, and a townhall. The
nt affizes for the county are kept here.
The river, which here divides Suffolk
from Norfolk, is navigable from Lynn;
and a good deal of wool-combing is car.
ried on here. It formerly had upward of
40 churches, and was a bithop's fee; ‘but
it was deftroyed in the time ot the Danes.
It is 30 miles ssz of Lynn, and 80 NE
of London. Lon.o so8, lat. 52 28.N.
THEUxX, a village, near Spa, in: the
bifhopric of Liege, where the French
obtained a viétory over the Auftrians, in
1794. | Raman
Tuipet, or Great THiper, a
country of Afia, lying between 81 and
102° £ lon. and 25 and 40° N lat.
bounded on the Nw and w by the Defert
of Kobi, in Tartary, on the £ by China,
on the s by Affam and Burmah, and on
the w and sw by Hindooftan Proper and
Bootan. ‘This country is one of the
higheft in Afias it being a part of that
elevated traét which gives rife not only to
the rivers of India and China, but alfo to
thofe of Siberia and Tartary. © Its:length
from £ .o W, cannot ‘be leis than 1000
—
‘miles; ics breadth ‘very unequal, It is
divided into:three'parfs, Upper, Middle,
and Lower Thibet.”. The Upper lies to-
ward the fources of the Ganges and Bur-
rampooter; the Middle’.is that in which
Lafla, the capital, is feated; and the
Lower, that which borders on China.
Little Thibet is fituate between Upper -
Thibet and Cafhgur. ‘But major Rennell,
who confiders the geography of the'whole
country as hi obicure, is uncertain
whether Little Thibet is. fubje& to Liffa
or not.: Notwithftanding the very rough
and fterile ftate of Thiber, and the fe\e-
rity of its climate, from its wonderful
elevation, its inhabitants are in a high
ftate of civilization; their houfes lofty
and built of ftone; and the ufeful manu.
faétures in fome degree of improvement.
The Thibetians are governed by the
grand lama, who is-not only fubmitted
to, and adored by them, but is alfo the
great object of adoration for the various
tribes of pagan Tartars, who walk
through the vaft tra& of continent which
ftretches from the river Volga to Corea. He
is not only the fovereign pontiff, the vice-
gerent’ of the deity on earth; but by the
more remote Tartars is ubfolutely regarded
as the deity bimfelf. They believe him to
be immortal, and endowed with all know-
ledge and virtue. Every year they come
trom different parts to worfhip, and make
rich offerings at his fhrine. Even the
emperor of who is of a Tastar
p>
TH} !
sace, does ‘not fail to acknowledge’ the
lama, in his religious capacity, although,
as a temporal fovereign, the lama himielf
is tributary to that emperor. The opi-
pion of the mof orthodox Thibetians is,
that when the grand lama {eems to die,
either of old age or infirmity, his foul,
in reality, only quits a crazy habitation,
to. look for another younger or better;
and it is difcovered again in the body of
fome child, by certain tokens known only
to the Jamas or priefts, in which order he
always appears. In 1774, the grand
lama was an infant, who had been dif-
covered fonre time before by the tayofhoo
lama, who, in authority and fanctity of
charaéter, is next to the grand lama, and,
during his minority, atts as chief. The
Jar.as, who form the moft numerous, as
well as the moft powerful body in the
ftate, have the prielthood intirely in their
hands; and, moreover, they fill up many
monattic orders, which are held in great
veneration among thent. _-Befide the reli-
gious influence and authority ¢f the grand
jaimay ve “is poflefled of unlin-ted power
throughout his doininions, His refidence
is at. Patoli,,a vatt palace, on & mountain,
near thé banke of the Burrampooter, feven
mijes tram Laffa, | In.2774,, the Englith
¥ India Company niade a treaty with the
lama. ‘The religion of ,Thibet, though,
in many refpeéts, it differs from that of
the Indian bramins, yet, in others, has a
grant affinity to ity The Thibetians
have a great veneration for the cow, and
highly refpeét’ alfo. the‘ waters of the
Ganges, the {ource of which they believe
t0 be in heaven. The funniaffes, or In-
dian pilgrims, often vifit Thibet as a
holy place; and the Jama always. main-
tains a body of near 300 of them in his
pay. See PaLts. .
Tuath, or Tikty a ftrong town. of
Dutch Guelderlderland, taken by the
French, in 1794. It is feated on the
Waal, 20 miles w of Nimeguen, Lon.
§ 16Bs Jat. 51 56 N.
THie.t, a town of Aufrian Flanders,
in the chatellany of Courtray, 10 miles
® of Courtray.
THreRS, a populous town of France,
gn the department of Puy de Doine and
ate province of Auvergne. It is famous
for its ftatuary, hardware, and cutlery ;
and is feated on the fide of a hill, 22 miles
zg of Clermont, and 220 s by £ of Paris.
Lon;'3.38 By lat.45 51 N. ene
THIONVILL” , aftrong town of France,
in the depa ‘ent of Moelle and iate pro-
wince of Lorrain. Jt was taken by the
prines of Condé in 643. The Auitrians
; t
THO
bombarded it in 1792; but i
to raife the fiege. ft i fonted on eee
felle, over which is a bridge defended by
a hornwork, 14 miles n of Metz, and 195
Lon. 6 15 £, lat. 49 21 N.
NE A Paris.
HIRSK, @ borough in the wn ridj
Yorkthire, with a psp on Mon hy
It fends two members to parliament ; and
was formerly noted for its ftrong cattle.
It is 20 miles Nw of York, and 230 n by
w of London, Lon. 1-16 w, lat. cx. ISN.
Tuive, or THEBES, an ancient and
celebrated city of Livadia, with a bithop’s
fee. It is nothing now to what it was
formerly, and yet is four miles in circum.
ference, but fo full of ruins, that there
are not above 4000 ‘Turks and Chriftians
init. It is famous for a fine fort of white
clay, of which bowls for pipes are made
after the Turkith fafhion: they are never
burnt, but dry naturally, and become as
hard as ftone. Here are two molques,
and feveral Greek churches. It is feated
between two rivers, 20 miles Nw of
Athens, and 280 sw of Conftantinople,
Lon, 23 408, lat.33 178.
. THorsseL, a confiderable town of
France, in the department of Ain and late
rovince of Breflé, with a -handfome col-
ege [tis feated in a:fertile country, near
the Saone and: Chalcrone,' 10 miles n of
Trevoux, and 200,88 of Paris. Lon.¢
50 8, lat. 46 13N.
Tuoma, ST, an ifland of Africa, lying
under the equator in 8° 5, lon. It was
_difcovered in 1429, and is almoft round,
about 30 miles in diameter. The foil is
fertile, and produces plenty of fugar-
canes. On ths fame vine are blofloms, and
reen and ripe grapes, all the year round.
tis a very unwholefome country, pof-
feffed by the Portuguefe, and few live to
a great age. It confifts chiefly of hills,
intermixed with vallies,. which are con-
ftantly filled with a thick ftinking fog;
but it agrees very well with the cattle,
which are larger and finer here than on
the Gold Coaft of Guinea.
Tuomas, St. one of the Virgin Iflands,
in the W Indies, witha harbour, a town,
and a fort. After the capture of St.
Euftatia, in 1781, it became the mart of
that part of the W Indies. It is 15 miles
in circumference, and belongs to the
Danes. Lon. 64 51 w, lat. 18'21N.
Tuomas, ST. a town of Hindooftan,
on.the coaft of Coromandel, with an arch-
pithpe’s fee. . It is fubjeét to the Portu-
guefe, and three miles s of Madras. Lon,
80252, lat.23 2.
THOMAS,.ST. a town of S America, in
Guiana, feated on the Oronoke,. and tub-
to Spain.
nt by fir
w, lat.7 6N
THOMONI
called CLAR
THONON,
Chablais, wi
vents. It is:
st the mouth
sw of Laufi
Lon.6 44,
THORN,
formerly ah
mult happen
Roman cath
count of the
which the ]
magiftrates
who conder
magiftrates |
the citizens
handfome c
forcibly toc
17932 and a
It.is feated «
remarkable
and 105 NW
lat. §3 ON.
THORN,
Yorkfhire,
It ftands in
Don, 10 m
w by w of
39 N.
aha elt
Gloucefter
day. {it i
feated neat
Gloucefter,
231 W, la
THORN
where ‘fairs
yarn and ¢
ate on an €¢
the river I
tries.
Tuova
France, in
and late,
of itenan
rounded t
from the '
fuppofed 1
is feated o
miles SE ¢
Lon.o 4
THRA
fhire, wit
on the Ne
miles ‘No
ef ‘Londe
THRE
THR
nt by fir Walter Raleigh. Lon. 63 30
w, lat.7 6N.
THOMOND, 2 county of Ireland, alfo
called CLARE; which fee.
Chablais, with a palace, and feveral con-
vents. It is feated on the lake of Geneva,
TIB
rahe Spain. ‘In 1618, it was taken and of the New Hebrides, in the $ Pacific
Ocean, lying to the s of Malicollo.
l
THREE
STERS. See KURILES.
Tuuin, a town of Auftrian Hainault,
but fubjeét to the bithop of et It is
e
THONON, a town of Savoy, capital of feated on the Sambre, eight miles sw of
Charleroy, and 15 se of Mons. Lon. 4
228, lat. 50 21N.
ye 2 at the mouth of the river Drama, 13 miles THULE, See FULAw
5 o sw of Laufanne, and 16 Ne of Geneva, | T'HULE,SoUTHERN. SeeSanpwicy
and Lon.6 44, lat. 46 ‘9 WW. LANp.
op's THORN, a city of Weftern Pruffia, Tuun, a lake of Swifferland, in ‘the
was formerly a hanieatic town. A great tu- canton of Bern, five leagues long arid ong
um. mult happened here in 1;'24, between the broad. Its borders are richly variegated,
here Roman catholics and proteitants, on ac- and covered with numerous villages.. The
jans count of the ftudents of the jefuits; upon river Aar paffes through it, and at the
hite which the Poles fent judges to try the NW extremity is the town of ‘Thun.
ade magiftrates for not fupprefling the siot, | THUN, a town of Swiffer'and, in the
ever who condemned two of the principal canton of Bern, with a caftle, where the
eas magiftrates to be beheaded, and feven of avoyer refides. It is feated on a lake of
hues the citizens. The proteftants have a the fame namg, where the river Aar iflues
ated handfome college here. The Pruffians from it, partly in a fmall ifland, and partly
of forcibly took poffeifien of this town, in on a hill, 10 miles sz of Bern, ' Lon.7
ople, 1793, and annexed it to their dominions, 172, lat.46 48N.
Itis feated on the Viftula, over which is a™
THUNDER Bay, a bay, ‘nine miles
In of remarkable bridge, 67 miles sof Dantzic, broad, at the nw corner of Lake Huron,
Nate and 105 NW of Warfaw. Lon.18 422, in N America; {0 called from the contis
cl. = lat. 53 ON. nua] thunder that is heard there.
near THORN, a town in the w riding of Tmurcavy, a bailiwic of Swiflerland,
N of Yorkthire, with a market on Wedneiday, which lies along the river Thur, bounded
on.4 It ftands in a marfhy foil, near the river on the £ and N by the lake, town, and
Don, 10 miles ne of Doncaiter, and 167 bifhopric of Conftance; on the 8 by the
ying § N by w of London. Lon,1 2 w, lat, 53 territory of the abbot of St. Gallen; and’
Ewe 49 N. on the w by the canton of Zuric, It ig
und, THORNBURY, a corporate town in the largeft bailiwic in Swifferland, ag wel}
pil is Gloucefterthire, with a market on Satur- as the moft pleafant and fertile; and is
igar~ day. {t is governed by a mayor, and extremely populous. The {pvereignty
, and feated near ‘be Severn, 24 miles sw of belongs to the eight angignt , cantons,
und. Gloucefter, and 121 w of London. Lon, Frauenfield is the capital., saa taak ‘delle
pof- 2431 W, lat. §1 35N. THURINGIA, a Jandgravate of Gere
ve to THORNHILL, a town in Dumfriesthire, many, in the circle of Upper Saxony,
hills, where fairs are held, chiefly for woollen bounded on the g by Mifnia,.on thes by
con- yarn and coarfe woollen ftuffs. ‘It is fitu- Franconia, on the W by Hefie, and on the
fog 3 ate on an elevated plain, on the £ fide of N by the duchy of Brunfwick and the
ttle, the river Nith, 15 miles N by w of Dum- si aaeeey of Anhalt. It is 73 miles in
1 on tries. rity ength, and nearly as much in breadth,
Tuovars, a confiderable town of abounding’in corn, fruits, and wood. Ir
nds, France, in the department of Two Sevres belongs to the elegtors of Saxony and
WN, and late.province of ‘Poitou.. The caftle Mentz, and feveral petty fovereigns. Er,
St. of itewancient dukes is on a rock, fur- furt is the capital.
t of rounded by walls 120 feet high, which, THURSO, a borough jn Caithne(shhire,
ailes from the whitenefs of the ftone, might be at the mouth of the river Thurfp, on the
the fuppofed not more than ro years old. It ‘w fide of Dunnet Bay. It has a conf-
is feated on a’hill, ‘by the river Thove, 32 derable trade, and 2 manufacture of
tan, miles sz of Angers, and 162 swof Paris. woollen and linen cloth. Lon. 3 r6w,
rch- Lop.o 15 W, lat. 46 59 N. lat. 58 36N, fea:
rtu- THRAPSTON, a town.in Northampton- — T1ANO, an ancient town of Naples, in
ON» dhire, with a market on ‘Thurfday, feated ‘Terra di Lavora, with a famous nunnery. ’
on the Nen, over whjch ts a bridge, feven Near it is a mineral {pring, {aid tobe ex-
» it miles -n.of Highain- errers, and 75 NNW cellent for the ftene. It is 15 miles Nw
ubs | ef London. Lon. o 36 w, lat.52 26,n, of Capua, Lon.14 88, lat. 43 19.4.
THREE HILLS [sLanp, an ifland, one
“TER, 2 river in Italy, whigt titer in
?
2
2
TIE
the Appennines, in the Florentino. It
paffes into the Ecclefiaitical State, washes
Borgo, St. Sepulchro, Citta di-Caitello,
Orto, and Rome, 10 miles from which it
falls into the Mediterranean Sea, between
Ottia and Porto. Tivere is its modern
name.
TIBUROON, a cape, at the moft wef-
terly extremity of the ifland of St. Do-
mingo, with a town, on an open road,
oppofite Port Antonio in Jamaica. It
was taken by the Englifh and royalifts in
1794, but retaken by the republicans the
hext year.
Ticarte. See Tecorr.
TICKELL, a town in the w riding of
Yorkthire, with a market on Friday. It
had a caftle.and fortifications, demolifhed
in the civil wars, of which fome ruins re-
main. It has a diftin® liberty, called the’
honour of Tickell, which is part of the
duchy of Lancafter. It is five miles s ot
Doncafter, and 155 N by w of London.
Lon. x 11 w, lat. 93 27. N.
TIDDENHAM, a Village in Gloucefter-
fhire, feven miles s of Colford. Its parith
is bounded on three fides by the Wye and
Severn; and at the utmoft point, where
the rivers divide, are ftill to be feen on
the. rocks, at low water, the ruins of a
chapel, which was dedicated to St. Te-
cla, the firft female martyr, who fuffered
in the year 47.
TiIDESWELL, a town in Derbythire, on
the s confines of the Peak, with a market
on Wedneiday. It is rernarkable for a
well that ebbs and flows two or three times
in an hour after great rains; the water
guthing from feverat cavities at once, for
the {pace of ‘five minutes: the well is
three feet deep and broad, and the water
rifes and falls two feet. It is deemed one
of the wonders of the Peak. Tidefwell
is 24 miles Nw of Derby, and 158 NNW
of London. Lon.1 46 w, lat. 53 15N.
Tipor, an ifland in the Indian Ocean,
ane of the Moluccas, to the E of Gilolo,
and to the s of Ternate. It is 17 miles
in circumference, and produces cloves and
flax. The Dutch are matters of the ifland,
though it has a king of its own. The
woods and the rocks that furround it, ren-
der it a place of defence. Lon,126 o8,
lat. o sQN.:
Tret, See THIEL.
‘TIERRA DEL Esviriru SANTO, the
moft weftern apd largeft ifland of the New
Hebrides, in the Pacific Ocean, being 40
leagues in circuit, The land is exceed-
ingly high and mountainous, and in many
places the hills rife direétly from the {ea.
Except the cliffs and beaches, every part
TIE
is covered with wood,.or laid out in plan.
tations. Befide the bay of St. Philip ond
St. Jago, on the n file of it, the ifles
which lie along the s and k coaft, form
feveral good bays and harbours, Lon. 165
OF, lat.16 0s.
TIERRA DEL FUEGO, feveral ‘ands
at the fouthern extremity of America,
They take their name from a volcano on
the largeft of them, and are all very
barren and mountainous. Upon the lower
grounds and_iflands, that were theltered
by the high mountains, Mr. Forfter found
feveral forts of trees and plants, and a.
variety of birds, Among the trees was
Winter's bark-tree, and a fpecies of ar- °
butus, loaded with red fruit of the fize
of fmall cherries, which were very well
tafted. In {ome places there is alfo plenty
of celery. Among the birds was a {pe-
cies of large duck, which ran along the
fea with amazing velocity, beating the
water with its wings and feet: at the
Falkland Iflands it is called a loggerhead-
duck. There are alfo plenty of geefe
and falcons. ‘The rocks of {ome of tue
iflands are covered with large mufcle-
fhells, the fith of which is well flavoured,
The natives of this country are fhort in
their perfons, not exceeding five feet fix
inches, their heads Jarge, their faces
‘broad, their cheek-bones prominent, and
their nofes flat. They have little brown
eyes, without life; their hair is black and
lank, hanging about their heads in dif-
order, and befmeared with trainoil. On
the chin they have a few ttraggling thort
hairs inftead of a beard. The whole af-
femblage of their features forms the moft
loathfome picture of mifery to which hu-
man nature can poflibly be reduced. They
had no other cloathing than a {mall piece
of feal-fkin, which hung from their
fhoulders to the middle of the back, being
faftened round the neck with a ftring: the
reft of their body was perfectly naked.
Their natural colour {eems to be an olive
brown, with a kind of glofs, refemblin
that of copper; but many of them dil-
guile themfelves with esks ofired paint,
and fometimes, though feldomj with
white. Their whole character is a ftrange
compound of ftupidity, indifference, and
inactivity. They have no other arms
than bows and arrows, and their inftru-
ments for fithing are a kind of fith-gigs.
They live chiefly on feals flefh, and like
the fat oily part moft. There is no ap-
pearance oF any fubordination among
them, and their mode of life approaches
nearer to that of brutes, than that of any
other nation,
JT1GRI3
which has
hrates,
Turcoma
Erzerum,
bia, and v
into the g
Schat-el- 4
Diarbeka
Buflarah.
TILB
near the t
pury Fort
where th
Thames,
this pari
ane is
the {pacid
nif ©
as give
he deicril
very arti
ten fatho
of the
found the
feet, of
$0 feet.
invetiga
Tits
fituate
Fort.
ways cro
was the
who. COs
marfhes
Lincolnf
the Lon
celebrat:
covered
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where tl
traces O
Tint
the Th
gular fe
the ke
moat, ft
broad ;
yercu 3
chief f
in its
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a ftron:
the W
ditch :
is a pl
{carps
from 2
ler on
battior
guns.
plan.
ip ond
€ ifles
’ form
bn. 165
“lands
Merica,
ano on
1 very
lower
heltered
r found
anda.
es was
of ar. °
he fize
y well
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B a {pe-
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No ap-
among
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TIL
T1GRis, a river of Turkey in Afia,
which has its fource near that of the Eu-
hrates, in. the mountain Tchilder, in
Turcomania. It feparater Jiarbeck from
Erzerum, and Khuliftan from Ira¢-Ara-
bia, and uniting with the Euphrates, falls
into the gulf of Perfia, under the name of
Schat-el-Avab. This river pafles by
Diarbekar, Gezira, Mouful, Bagdad, and
Bullarah. -
Ti.pury, East, a village in Effex,
car the mouth of the Thames, £ of Til-
bury Fort._ It is fuppoied to be the place
where the emperor Claudius croffed the
Thames, in purfuit of the Britons. | In
this parifh isa field, called Cave Field, in
which is a horizontal paflage to one of,
the {pacious caverns in the neighbouring
arith of Chadwell. Of thete Camden
Baa given a {ketch in his Britannia; and
he deicribes them as in a chalk cliff, built
very artificially of ftone, to the height of
ten fathoms. Dr. Derham mea.ured three
of the moft confiderable of ‘them, and
found the depth of one of them to be 50
feet, of another 70 feet, and of the third
80 feet. Their origin is too remote for
inveftigation.
TiLsurxy, West, a village in Effex,
fituate on the Thames, n of Tilbury
Fort. Here the four Roman proconfular
ways Crofied each other, and, in 1630, it
was the fee of bithop Ceadda, or St. Chad,
who converted the Eaft Saxons. The
marfhes here, feed a great number of
Lincolnfhire and Leicefterthire fheep, for
the London market. In this parifh is a
celebrated {pring of alterrative water, dif-
covered in 1717. When the Spanifh ar-
mada was in the Channel, in 1588, queen
Elifabeth had a camp here, which was
where the windmill now ftands ; and fome
traces of it are vifible.
Titspury Fort, in Effex, fituate on
the Thames, o;pofite Gravelend, a re-
gular fortification, which may be termed
the key to London. It has a double
moat, the innermoft of which is 180 feet
broad ; with a good cenenivane a ¢o-
vere way, ravelins, andwterails. "*3
chief ftrength on the land fide conuits
in its being able to lay the whole level
under water. On the fide next the river is
a ftrong curtain, with a noble gate, called
the Water-gate, in the middle ; and the
ditch is palifaded. Before this curtaia
is a pintincen in the place of a counter-
{fcarp, on which are planted 106 guns,
from 24 to 46 pounders each, befide imal-
ler ones planted between them; and the
battions and curtains are alfo planted with
guns. It is 28 miles & by s of London.
TIN
TIMANA, a town of S America; if
Popayan, capital of a territory of the dame
name, which abounds in fruits and pat{-
tures It is feated on ariver, 130 miles
ESE Of Popayan. Lon. 73 55 W, lat.
35N.
Timor, an ifland in the Indian Ocean,
between Celebes and New Holland. . It is
150 miles long and 37 broad, and abounds
in fandal-wood, wax, and honey. The
Dutch have a fort here. Lon. of the sw
point 123 598, lat. 10.2358.
TimoORLAnD, an ifland in the Indian
Ocean, between Timor and New Guinea.
Lon. of the s point 131 54.8, lat.8 158:
Tina, a town of Turkey in Europes
in Bofnia, on the river Tis, 37 miles Nw
of Spalatro. Lon.17 9B, lat. 44 28N.
Tina, anciently T1nos, an ifland of
the Archipelago, one of the Cyclades, to
the w of Nicaria. It is 17 miles long
and eight broad, and is -fubjeS& to the
Venetians. The riches of this ifland
conlit in filk, of which they have 16,000
pounds every year; and the filk ftockings
they make of it are very good; but no-
thing can equal the gloves which are knit
here for the ladies. The fortrefs ttahds
on arock; and there is a bithop’s fee of
the Latin church, though the Greeks
have 200 papassor priefts. St. Nicolo is
the principal town. Lon. 25 24, lat.
37 30N.
TINEVELLY. See PALAMCOTTA.
TINIAN, aniliand in the Pacific Ocean;
one of the Ladrones, 12 miles in length
and fix in breadth. The foil is every
where dry and healthy; and, being
fomewhat fandy, is the lefs dilpofed to
rank and over-luxuriant vegetation. The
land rifes in gentle flopes from the fhore to
the middle ot the ifland, intermixed with
vallies of an eafy defcent; and they are
beautifully diverfitied with the mutual
encroachments of the woods and lawns.
The woods confift of tall and well-fpread
trees, and the lawns are covered with
clean uniform ‘turf, producing fine tre-
foil, and variety of flowers. There are at
leaft 10,000 cattle here, that are all milk
white, except their ears, which are brown
or black. There are alfo a vatt number
of fawls which are eafily caught, and the
flefth of both is exceedingly befide
plenty of wild hogs, whole fleth is delicate
food. In the woods are prodigious quan-
tities of cocoa-nuts, cabbage-trees, gua-
voes, limes, {weet and four oranges, and
bread-frmit, which the failors prefer
greatly to the fhip’s bread. . There are
alfo vegetables proper for the {curvy ; fuch
as watermelon, —" creeping ppire
Pa
TIP
flain, mint, {curvygrafs, and forrel.. Here
are fome ruins of a particular kind, con-
fiting of ‘two rowe-of fquare pyramidal
pillars, each pillar’-being about fix feet
from the next, and the-diftance between
the rows is 12 feet; on the top of each
there is‘a femiglobe, with the flat furtace ©
upward, and. they are compofed of fand
and ftone cemented together. . The cli-
mate is extremely healthful, for the rains
are not continual, but fall in frequent
refrething thowers. ‘There are no ftreams,
but the water of the wells and fprings is
extremely good. The principal inconve-
nience arifes from the number of mutkitoes,
and other kinds of flies; and there are
likewife infeéts called ticks, which faften
upon the limbs: and bodies of men, and
‘bury their heads under their tkins. The
road is inconvenient, and, in fome feafons,
there is little fecurity for a fhip at anchor.
Lon. 146 of, lat.15 oN.
TinMoOuUTH, ‘a feaport in Northum-
berland, at the mouth of the Tyne, nine
miles E of Newcaftle. It has a caitle,
feated on a high rock, inacceffible on the
feafide, and well’mounted with cannon.
There is a*bar acrofs the mouth of ‘the
tiver, which ‘is not above feven feet deep
at-low water.: There are dangerous rocks
about it, called the Black Middins; but
there are lighthoufes to' guide the thips by
night. Here thips take in their loading
of coal, and of ‘goods brought from New-
eaftle.. Lon. 1 16.w, lat. 55 6N.
‘> Tinzepa, a town of Barbary, in Bile-
dulgerid. It is feated on ariver-of the
fame name, in a country fertile in dates
and barley, and abounding in indigo.
Lon. 6-13 w, lat.27 30.N.
. Tinzuure, a ftrong town of Barbary,
in Biledulgerid, feated on the river Dras.
Lon. 5 43 w, lat.28 15.N.
Tiperan, or TiPRAH, a kingdom of
Afia, in the dominions of 'the king of
Burmah, lying under the tropic of Can-
eer, to the £ of Hindooftan Proper.
TIPPERARY, a county of Freland, in
the province of Munfter, 60 miles long
and 4o broad; bounded on the n by
King’s County, on the & by ‘Queen's
County and Kilkenny, on the s by Wa-
terford, andon the w by Galway, Clare,
Limerick, and Cork. The s part is ter-
tile; ibut the ‘nN is-rather barren, and ‘ter-
minates n'a: row of twelve mourituins, the
higheft in Ireland, called Phelem-dhe-
adina. Zt contains 147 parifhes, and
fends-eight members t6 parliament. The
riversShute runs*throuphiitdtom Nito-s.
@athel isthe odpitale —j §
eUiy algae Srecyrtau eter va
¥
‘by the wars.
TIT
TiRANO; 2 town of the count
Grifons, capital of the Up 2 Hii
It contains feveral handfome buildings
but from the: narrowne({s: of) th tt
and niatry ruinous houfes, its general
appearance is defolate. The river Adda |
divides it into two parts, which
joined by a {tone bridge of a fingle arch.
There are fome remains of the ftone
walls by which it was formerly fur.
rounded, and which, with an adjoinin
fortrets, were built by Ludovico Sforza,
againft the incurfions of the Grifons, but
were difmantled by the latter, when the
acquired pofleffion of the Valteline. ‘The
ftaple commerce of ‘this town confifts in
the exportation of wine and filk. Near
the town on the other fide of ‘the Adda,
is the magnificent church’ of the Mado-
na, or virgin Mary, mich vifited by the
catholic pilgrims. The maflacre of the
proteftants of the Valteline, in 1620, be-
gan in this town.
ormio. Lon.9 468, lat. 46 12 Nn.
TiREE, a {mall but rich ifland of Scot.
land, one of the Hebrides, lying to the sw
of Col, and noted for its‘ marble quarry
and a handfome breed of little horfes.
~ TIRLEMONT, a ‘villape of Auftrian
Brabant, formerly ‘one'of the moft conf.
derable places’ in that duchy, but ruined
It is féated on the ‘river
Geet, over which are feveral bridges,
12 miles ESE of Louvain, and 25 = of
Bruffels. Lon. 41 8, lat. 50 48 N.
Tirnav, a ttrong and confiderable
_town of Upper Hungary, in the county
of Neitra. It-is‘feated on the Tirna, five
miles ww of Leopoldftadt, and 22 Ne of
Prefburg. ‘Lon. 17 ‘398, lat.48 24N.
TrroL, a county of Germany, in the
circleof Auftria, and part‘of the hereditary
dominions of that houfe. It is'150 miles
long and 120 broad; and although a
mountainous country, it produces as much
corn and wine as the inhabitants have oc.
cafion for, and has rich mines of gold,
filver, and copper. It ‘is ‘divided into
four'parts; ‘Tirol, properly fo called, the
bifhopric of Trent, the bifhopric of
Brixen, and four ‘provinces of Suabia,
which are united’to ‘Tirol, It is bounded
on the N by Bavaria, on the & by Ca.
rinthia and the archbithopricof Saltzburg,
on'the s by the territery of Venice, and
on ‘the’ w ‘by Swifferland, Inipruck is
the capital, ,
. Trran, of Capnarods, an iftand -of
France, the moft’eaftern of the Flieres, in
the Mediterrtnean: i
i ‘Trrecama, ‘dn land of Pern, ‘in the
per Terzero,
e ftreets, §
It is 17 miles sw of i
7 Henry VI 4
Mm folemnized
| manfion ‘ha
yoaience of I
of the largel
plake of the
TirMONI
in the archbi
slmoft defols
and was red\
15723 but
is feated’ 0
of Saltzburg
Tircnri
feated on
Southampto
on the fite ¢
erected int
this houfe ¢
fight fro
Stowe fays
was the p
TITLIS
tains in’ S
is the grea
gelberg.
TiruL
gary> in ¢
feated on
with tlre
waradin,
20 34E,
TIVER
TivER
with ama
on the Fx
is govern
menibers
free(choo
town) W
the main
liol Coll
College,
fered vet
on Apr’
June 5,
fide tne
atter the
enfe, ere
by aét o
This te
woollen
of Exei
Lon. 4
Tiv
provine
miles V
Tiv
Campa
It4s ne
ever, €
felt, t
a |
of the
rzero,
ings,
Teets,
eneral
Adda
h are
arch.
ftone
fur.
0 ining
forza, |
Sy sk
t ney
The
is in
Near
Adda,
ado.
Dy the
of the
lo, be-
SW of
Scot.
he sw
Huarry
Ss.
trian
confi.
ruined
river
idges,
EB of
a
erable
ounty
1, five
NE of
-N.
in the
litary
miles
bh a
much
re OC,
rold,
Dito
a the
c of
abia,
nded
Ca.
jurg,
_and
k ig
1 -of
Sy ih
the
t
\y
TIV
sudience of Los Chareos> It is fituate in
ylake of the fame name, which is one
of the largeft in S America.
TITMONING, a town of Germany,
in the archbifhopric of Saltzburg. It was
aimoft defolated by the plague in 1310,
and was reduced to afhes by lightning in
15743 but it has been fince rebuilt. It
js feated’ on the Saltza, 24 miles nw
of Saltzburg. Lon. 12 46£, lat.47 54.
T1TCHFIELD, a'village in Hampfhire,
feated on a fimall river, fix miles E of
Southampton. It had formerly an abbey,
on the fite of which is Tichfield Houle,
erected in the reign of Henry virr. At
this houfe Charles 1 was concealed, in his
fight from Hampton Court, ‘in 1647.
Stowe fays, that, when an abbey, this
was the place where the marriage of
Henry v1 with Margaret of Anjou was
folemnized. Great part of this ancient
manfion ‘has been taken down.
TITLISBERG, one of the higheft moun-
tains in Swiflerland, at the foot of which
is the greateft part of the valley of En-
gelberg.
Tirvut, a ftrong town of Upper Hun-
gary, in the county of Bodrog. It is
feated on the ‘Teifle, near its confluence
with tle Danube, 23 imiles & of Peter-
waradin, and 20 Nw of Belgrade. Lon.
20 34H, lat. 45 30N.
Tivere. See TIBER.
TiveRTON, a borough in Devonthire,
with a market‘on Tuelday. Tt is feated
on the Fx, over which is a ftone bridge,
is governed by a mayor, and fends two
menibers to'parliament. It has a noble
free(chool (tounded by a clothier of this
town) which has an endowment alio tor
the maintenance of eight {cholars at Ba-
liol College, Oxford, and Sidney Snifex
College, Cambridge. ° Tiverton has fuf-
fered very fevercly by fire, particularly
on April 3, 1598; Augutt 5, 16123
June 5, +7313 and June 30, 1794. Be-
fide the elegant parith, church, rebuilt
atter the fire in 1731, here is acchapel of
eafe, ereGled by fub{cription, and made,
by att af parliament, a perpetual curacy,
This town has been noted for its great
woollen manufacture, and is 14. miles NNZ
of Exeter, and 161 w by s of Londan,
Lon. 3 38 Ww, lat. 50 54.Ns ;
Tivmen, a town of Siberia, in the
province of ‘Tobelik, on the Tura, 125
miles w of Tobolfk.
Tivont, acelebrated town of Italy, in
Campagna di Roma, with a bifhop’s fee.
It4s now wretchedly poor: itboafts, how-
ever, Of greater antiquity than Rome it-
fet, ‘being the ancient Tibur, which,
TOB
Horace fays, was founded by a Grecian
colony. - It was the favorite country re-
fidence of the ancient Romans, as Fre{.,
cati is of the moderns. Near the bottom
of the eminence on which Tivoli ttands,
are the ruins of the vaft and magnificent
villa built by the emperor Adrian. Qther
‘ifluttrious Romans had alfo their villas
here; as Julius Celar, Caius Caflius,
Augultus, the poets Catullus ond Pro.
pertius, Maecenas, &¢. Horace is thought
to have compo‘e:t great part of his works
in this favorite retreat. Near Tivoli are
a celebrated catcade, a temple of Vetta
and another of the fybil Albunea, a raag-
nificient villa belonging to the duke of
Modena, called the Villa Eftenfe, and the
remarkable lake of Solfatara. Tivoli is
{eated on the Teverone, 12 miles ENE of
Rome, and 15 NNE of Frefeati. Lon. 12
435, lat.q41 59N. Sce SOLFATARA and
TEVERONE,
TLAsCAla, @ province of New Spain,
in the audience of Mexico. It is bounded
on the N by Panuco, on the £ by the gulf
ot Mexico, on the s by Guaxaca and the
Pacific Ocean, and on the w by the au-
dience of Mexico. In the w part of this
province is the mountain of Tla!cala, ra
miles in cireurnterence: it is well peopled
and cultivated, except on the fummit,
which is always covered with fnow.
There are alfo other mountains, covered
with trees, in which are'tigers and mon-
kies.
TLASCALA, a town. of New Spain,
capital of a province of the fame name,
The inhabitants are the native Americans
and Spaniards; but it is not fo confider-
able now as it was formerly. It is feated
on a river, partly on a mountain, and
Patsy ona plain, 82 miles ESE of Mexico.
on. 99 1W, lat. 19 30,
TLEMSEN. See TREMESEN.
: Tosaao, the mott fouthward of the
iflangs in the W Indies, and the moft
eaftward except Barbadoes. It is 32 miles
long and nine broad. The climate is not
fo hot as might be expected fram its fitu-
ation fo near the equator; nor is it vilited
by fuch dreadful hurricanes as frequently
defolate the other iflands. It is di-
fined with hills and vales, and is equal
in richnels. of produce to any iflands in.
thefe fleas. In 1748, it was declared a
neutral land, but in 1763, was ceded 'to
the Englith. It was taken hy the Erench
in 1781, and confirmed to them in 2783 5
but it was taken by the Englifh in 2793.
Tt is 120 miles.s of Barbadoes. Lon. sg
ow, lat. 11 1ON. ea
Vosaco, Lirr ys, an iflzid near the
i
Ni
kg
RAS
:
H
|
\
f
IW
N
TOC
NE extremity of Tobago, two miles long
and-one broad.
TosoLsx, a government of Ruffia,
which comprehends the w part of Siberia.
It is divided into the two provinces of
Tobolfk and Tomik.
TosBOLsk, the capital of Siberia, and
of the government of Tobolfk. It is
feated on a high hill, of vaft extent, at
the bottom of which the river Irtyfh runs ;
and is inhabited by Tartar’s, who drive a
great trade on that river, and carry their
goods to China. The Tartars that live
round this city, for feveral miles, are all
Mahometans, but their mufti is an Ara-
bian. There are alfo a great number of
Kalmucks, who ferve as flaves. The Ruf-
fians commonly fend their ftate prifoners
to this city, which is feated at the conflu-
ence of the Tobol and Irtyfh, 800 miles
B by N of Mofcow, and 1000 E by s of
Peterfburgh. Lon. 68 12 £, lat. 58 12.N.
TocatT, a large town of Turkey in
Adia, in Natolia, capital of a province
of the fame name. The houles are
handfomely built, and the ftreets pretty
well paved, which is an uncommon thing
in thefe parts; but the town makes a very
odd appearance, and is in the form of an
amphitheatre. There are two rugged
perpendicular ‘rocks of marble, with an
old caftle upon each ; and fo many ftreams,
that each houfe has.a fountain. Here are
20,000 Turkith, 4000 Armenian, and
400 Greek families. There are’ 12
mofques, and a vait number of chapels ;
the Armeniars have feven churches, and
the Greeks only one. Befide the filk of
this country, they manufacture much of
that of Perfia, and make it into fewing
filk. Their chief trade is in copper vei-
fels, fuch as kettles, drinking-cups, lan-
terns, and candlefticks. ble alfo pre-
pare a great deal of yellow Turkey-lea-
ther. Tocat may be confidered as the
eentre of trade in Natolia; for caravans
come hither from feveral parts. Its ter-
ritory abounds in fruit and excellent
wine. It is 210, miles w by 5s of Erzé-
rum, and 283 .N of Aleppo. Lon. 37 15
B, lat.39 50N.
Tocayma, 2 town of Terra Firma,
in New Granada, feated on the Pati, in
a country abounding in fruit and fugar-
eanes. Here are hot baths between two
cold fprings; and near the town is a
voleano, which emits fire and flames.
Lon. 73 50 W, lat.q 3 N.
Tockay, a ftrong town of Upper
Hungary, in the county of Zimplin, with
acattle. The town itfelf is inconfider-
able; but it is celebrated for its excellent
TOL
wine. ‘There is but one Vineyard that’
produces its infomuch that it is {carce
even at Vienna. At fome diftance from
it are large falt-works. It is feated at &
the confluence of the Bodrog and Teil,
75 miles Nw of Great Waradin, ay a
ad
NE of Buda. Lon. 21 25g, lat, 48 Fas
Topt, an ancient town of Italy, in the
duchy of Spoletto, with a bithop's (ee. |
: : fee, |
It is feated on a hill, near the Tiber, a
miles s of Perugia, and 50 n of Rome
Lon. 12 32 Ey lat. 42 44.N. .
TOGGENBURG, a county of Swiffer.
land, depending on the abbey of St
Gallen. It is a narrow country, fituate
between high mountains, is fertile in corn
and fruit, and is divided into the Upper
and Lower. It contains 30 parifhes, and
upward of .46,000 inhabitants. The
proteltants are in-the proportion to the
catholics, of feven to five; but both re.
ligions are bound by oath to maintain
reciprocal harmony.
ToLaca Bay, a bay of the ifland of
New Zealand. Lon. 178 33 &, lat. 38
21 8,
Tovepo, an ancient commercial city
of y oes in New Catftile, of which it
was formerly the capital. It is feated on
a mountain, on the river Tajo, which
furrounds it on two fides; and on the
land fide it has an ancient wall built by a
Gothic king, and flanked with 100
towers. There are a great number of
fuperb ftructures, befide 17 public fquares,
where the markets are kept. It is an
archbifhop’s fee; and the cathedral is the
richeft and moft confiderable in Spain:
the Sagrariro, or’ principal chapel, is a
real treafury, in which are 15 large cabi-
nets let into the wall, full of prodigious
quantities of gold and filver veflels, and
other works. Here are 38 religious houfes,
moft of which are worthy a traveller's
notice, with a great number of churches
belonging to 27 parifhes, and fome hof-
pitals. Without the town are the remains
of an amphitheatre, and other antiqui-
ties. It hasa royal caftle, a famous uni-
verfity, and feveral manufaétures of filk
and wool. It is 37 miles s of Madrid.
Lon. 3 20 W, lat. 39 50N.
TOLEN, a town of the Dutch Nether-
lands, in Zealand, in an ifland of the fame
name, feparated by a narrow channel
from Dutch Brabant. It is five miles
Nw of Bergen-op-Zoom. Lon. 4 20 £y
lat. §1 30 N. .
TOLENTINO, a town of Italy, in the
marquifate of Ancona, with a bifhop’s
fee. It is the place where the relics of
St. Nicholas are kept, and is feated on
the yiver Ch
Severino, an
13 E, hat. 4
the govermy
gulf of Fin
Lon. 26 4
derland, fea
TOLuSB
TOLHUY
French arn
It is eight
60 E> fat.
TOLME4
netian Fri
Lon. 12 5°
TOLNA
capital of
Jt is feated|
roducing
of Colocza
19 28 E, iE
TOLos
of Guipu
inhabited
who make
It is feat
Araxis a
handfome
natural cz
French i
Bayonne,
5 Ws Jat.
TOLv;
the gover
for the f
hence to
tree like :
the gulf
thagena.
OMA
maduray
the foot :
a cattle b
It is 40
of Litbo
Tom!
eight m
Bruffels.
Tom
with a
coalt of
tween J
ifland, :
which t
joined,
Tom
in Neg)
great ¢
empire
lenty
rhe k
great
TOM TON
the river Chiento, eight miles se of St. take captives, and fell them to the mer-
Severino, and 88 NE of Rome. Lon. 13 chants for flaves. The houfes are buile
13 E, lat. 43 1gN. , like bells, with walls of hurdles plaif-
TOL&SBURG, 4 feaport of Ruffia, in tered with clay, and covered with reeds.
the government of Riga, feated on the The better fort of women have their
ulf af Finland, 60 miles w of ‘Narva. faces covered, their religion being Maho-
Lon. 26 4 #, lat. 59 33 N., metanifm. Both men and women are
Totuvuys, a town of Dutch Guel- very fond of dancing, and {pend a great
derland, feated on the Rhine. Here the ‘part of the night in that exercife.
French army pafled the Rhine in 1672. TomBuCcTO, the capital of a kingdom
It is eight miles & of Nimeguen. Lon, of the fame.name, in Negroland, with a
60 £, lat. 51 56N. ftately mofgue built of ftone, ‘and a royal
TOLMEZZO, a town of Italy, in Ve- palace. Phere is a great number of
netian Friuli, 30 miles Ne of Belluno. weavers of cotton cloth; and hither the
Lon. 12 50 E, lat. 46 30N. cloth and other merchandife are brought
TOLNA, a town of Lower Hungary, by caravans from Barbary. Inftead of
capital of a county of the fame name. money, they make ule of thells and finall
It is feated on the Danube, in a country bits of gold. In the proceedings of the
roducing excellent wine, eight milessw African Affociation, this place is meny
of Colocza, and 45 s of Buda. Lon. tioned as a luxurious, opulent, and flou-
19 28 B, lat. 46 33 N. rifhing city, fubjec&t to a fevere police,
TOLOSA, atown of Spain, the capital and, as fuch, attracting the merchants of
of Guipufcoa. I{t is not large, but is the moft diftant ftates of Africa. It is
inhabited by a great number of artifts, feated near the Niger, 270 miles sw of
who make {word-blades in high efteem. Mourzook. Lon.o 8 w, lat. 19 59 N.
It .is feated in a valley, between the | TOMEBAMBA, atown in Peru, in the
Araxis and Oria, over which are two audience of Quito, where was a temple of
handfome bridges, and near them feveral the Sun, whole walls, as the Spaniards
natural cafcades. It was taken by the aflert, were covered with gold. fe is 120°
French in 1794; and is 37 miles sw of miles s of Quito. Lon. 77 50 w, lat.2
Bayonne, and 47 sz of Bilboa. Lon. 2 16s.
5 W, lat. 43 10N, Tomsk, a town of Siberia, in the pro-
Totvu, a town of Terra Firma, in vince of Tomfk. It contains above 2000
the government of Carthagena; famous houfes. On the higheft part of the town
for the fine balfam of Tolu, brought ftands a wooden caftle, defended by 14
hence to Europe, and produced from a_ pieces of cannon; and init are a cathedral
tree like a pine. It is feated on a bay of built of wood, the chancery, and anarfenal,
the gulf of Mexico, 60 miles s of Car- The inhabitants carry on a great trade,
thagena, Lon. 75 22 w, lat.9 30 N.. this town lying on the great road through
OMAR, 3 town of Portugal, in Eitra- ali the g and N parts of Siberia. It is
madura, feated on the river Naboan, at feated on the river Tom, 105 miles Ese
the foot of the mountains, where there is of Tobolfk. Lon. 84 59 £, lat. 5545N.
a caftle belonging to the knights of Chrift. TONDEREN, or TUNDEREN, a town
It is 40 miles sE of Coimbra, and 65 Ne of Denmark, in the duchy of Slefwick,
of Lifbon. Lon. 7 55 w, lat. 39 30 N. capital of a bailiwic of the fame name,
TomBEC,a town of Auftrian Brabant, with a fort. It is feated in a fertile
eight miles s of Louvain, and 10 £ of country, on the river Widaw, and ona,
Bruffels. Lon. 4 49 £, lat. 50 45N. bay of the German Ocean, 25 miles se of
TOmBELAINE, a finallifland of France, Ripen, and 30 Nw of Slefwick. Lon. 9
with a town of the fame name, on the 40 E, lat. 54 58 N.
coalt of Normandy, in a {mall gulf be- TONGATABOO, or AMSTERDAM.
tween Avranches and St. Malo. This ISLAND, one of :he Friendly Iflands, 20
ifland, ag well as that of St. Michael, in leagues in circuit. It has the beft har-
which there is a monaftery, are every day bour, or anchoring-place, to be found
joined, at low water, to the mainland. among thefe iflands. It is wholly laid
TomsBucrou, a kingdom of Africa, out in plantations, with roads or lanes
in Negroland, which lies to the sz of the for travelling; and is the {eat of govern-
great defert of Zahara, and w of the ment for all the other iflands, and the
empire of Cafhna. It produces great ordinary refidence of all the principal
lenty of corn, cattle, mill » and butter. chiefs. Lon. 174 46.w, lat. 21 9s.
he king has 300 horfemen, befide a | TONGRES, a very ancient town in the
great number of foot, who frequently bithopric of Liege, having been one of
TON
‘the riche and moft flourithing cities in
“the Roman province of Gallia Belgica.
“¥t has feverely fuffered by the calamities
‘of war; the firft time by Attila, king ot
the Huns, and ‘the laft, by the French,
in 1673 and 1677. It is feated on the
Jeckar, 12 miles sw of Maeftricht, and
a$'w of Leige.
TONG-TCHANG-FOU, a city of China,
inthe province of Chang-tong, contain-
ing in its diftrict, three cities’ of the
fecond, and 15 cf the third clafs. It is
‘x50 miles s of Pekin. Lon. 115 25 £,
lat. 36 30 N.
ToONG-TCHUEN-FOU, a fortified city
‘of China, in;the province of Se-tchuen.
"The inhabitants are all foldiers, who have
followed the profeffion of arms from
father to fon. It is 867 miles sw of
Pekin. Lon.1o1 308, lat.25 56N.
Toncustans, a people who inhabit
the £ part of Siberia, and are fubject to
the Ruffians. They are all pagans, and
' chiefly fubfitt by grazing, and hunting of
fables. . They live in huts, which, when
‘they remove their dwellings, they take
‘down, and fet upelfewhere. Thete huts
are compofed of wooden poles, covered
‘all over with hair and rubbifh, except a
hole left at the top'to fet out the fmoke.
Their fire is made in the middle, and
they all fit round it upon turfs. Both
fexes are.‘very ftrong, and broad-faced,
and they all ride on horfeback, not ex-
‘cepting the girls. Both men and women
drefs alike in a fort of frock, with boots
of fkins on their legs, and their common
dyink is water.
Tonnay BOvronne, a town of
‘France, in ‘the department of Lower
Charente and late province of Saintonge,
feated on the river Boutonne, 17 miles ‘N
of Saintes. Lon. o 34 .w, lat. 45 56 .N.
» Townay CHARENTE, an ancient and
confiderable town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Charente and late
province of Saintonge, with a caitle, and
a {mall port. Jt is feated on the Cha-
yente, three miles from Rochefort, and
253 sw of Paris. Lon. 0' 46, lat. 45
56 .N. P
he TONNEINS, a town of France, in the
department of Lot and Garonne and late
‘province of Guienne. Tt is feated on the
‘Garonne, two miles from its junétion
with the Lot, and feven £ of Marmande.
‘TONNERRE, on ancient town of France,
‘n the department of ‘Yonne and ‘late pro-
‘vince of Burgundy, famous ‘for its gootl
wines. It is feated onthe Armancon, 27
miles 3 of Troyes, and 792 ‘£ of ‘Paris.
‘Lon. 448, lat, 47 51 ieee ee
TON
. TONNINGEN, a town of
in the duchy of Slefwick
territory of the fame name
on a peninfula formed by the river Eyder,
where there is a commodious harbour,
works, which are exported to other coun-
tries. There is fuch a number of people,
that many want employment, for they
feldom go to work but when foreign hips
arrive. The money and goods brought
hither ‘by the Englith and Dutch put
them in action, for they have not money
of their own 4ufficient to employ them-
felves; and therefore one third at leaft
muft be advanced betorehand ‘by the
merchants. They are fo additted to
gaming, that when every thing elfe is
Jott, they will ftake their wives and
children. The-garments of the Tonqui-
nete are made either of filk or cotton; but
the poor people and foldiers wear only cot-
ton of a dark tawny colour. Their houfes
are fmall and low, and the walls either of
mud, or hurdles daubed over with clay.
They have only a ground floor, with two
or three partitions, and-each room ‘has ‘a
fquare hole to let in the light. -They
have ftools, benches, and chairs; and on
the fide of a table is a little altar, with two
incenfe pots thereon, which’ no houfe is
without. ‘The country is thick fet with
villages, which confit of 30 or 40
houfes, furrounded “by trees, and in
fome places are banks to keep the -water
from overflowing their gardens, where
they ‘have oranges, ‘betels, :pumkins, me-
fons, and /falad herbs. ‘Inthe ‘rainy fea-
fon they ‘cannot pafs from ‘one houfe to
anothef, without wading through ‘the wa-
ter; bunt fometimes they-have ‘bests,: In
ital, ¢
yoo houte
with thatch;
aid roofed w
is {mall are
about {x fee
ferves to fecu
The princip
pave with
Tonquin hag
they are; 4
his horfes a
in general a
the great me
the foldier's i
They buy
reat men b
tinted for
the men Ww
children, ta
felyess W
in his own
of a famil
The firtt 1
the middle
when the
and {pe
fports.
May or
is pt in.
and yet t
Their idol
different fc
refembling
in {mall |
The lang
throat,: az
nounced t
refemblan
{chools 0:
are the !
and like t
The com
calicoes,
dying, |
falt, am
lackered
apan, \
we
people a
trade be
Englihh,
an ablfol
Ton
‘the pro
of Fred
58 §0
- Too
Ocean,
1s, NOt,
‘over; |
fiderah!
wr, 2
Ww of
ON.
lunded
China
Sb
Rites”
« 500
t and
Eaft,
ber of
tains,
atives °
» and
plex.
» and
honed,
and
their
black,
nious
ulti.
cker-
coun.
eople,
they
$
t
b thi
our
h put
ules
er of
clay.
two
as‘a
“hey
d on
two
é@ is
vith
40
in
ater
ere
ark,
of a
feated.
yder,
TOO | FO RB:
he capital, called Tong-tou, are about exceptia few rocky cliffs, with patchegof
,0,000 houfes, with mud walls,and covered, trees interfperfed to their fummits.
with thatch; a few built with brick, is plentifully ftocked with hogs and fowls,
aid roofed with pantiles. In each yard and produces feveral kinds of fruits ang.
isa fall arched building, like an oven, roots. Lon, 149 23 W, lat.23255. |
about fix feet high, made of brick, which ToPcLirRF, a town inthe N riding of
frves to fecure them goods, in cafe of fire. Yorkthire, feated on the Swale, on a,
The principal ftreets are very wide, and confiderable afcent, 24 miles N of York. _
faved with finall ftones. The king of ‘T{OPSHAM, atown in Devonthire, with
Tonquin has three palaces im it, fuch as a market on Saturday. It is teated on the
they are; and near thei are ftables for Ex, five miles se of Exeter (af which it
hishorfesand clephants. The Tonquinefe is the port) and 170 sw of London. Lon,
in general are courteaus to trangers; bug 326 W, lay 5039 Ne
the great menare haughty and ambiticus, | Tor, or E_ror, a town of Arabia
the foldiers infolent, and the poor thievith, Petrea, feated on. the Red Sea, with a
They buy all their wives, ef which ;the gaod harbour defended by a caitle. Here
great men have feveral; but the poor arg is a Greek convent, in. the garden, of
itinted for want of money, In hard times which are fountains of bitter water, pre-
the men will fell both their wives and tended to be thole which Moles resdered
children, to buy rice to maintain them- fweet, by throwing in a, piece of wood,
felyess When a man dies,.he is buried Lon, 33 45 £, lat. 28 27.N. patie aN
in his own ground, and if he was matter Torray, abay af the Englih Chan.
of a family, they make a great feaft. nel, on the coalt of Deyonthire, to the
The firtt new moon that happens after of Dartmouth, formed by two capes,
the middle of January, isa great feftivaks called Bury-Point and. Bob’s Nofe.. It
when they rejoice for 10 days.together, was here the prince of Orange, landed in,
and {pend their time in, all manner. of November 1688, when he came over from
fports. They have another great feaft Holland, by the invitation of many priny
in May or June, when their firit harveft cipal perfons, to.preicyve us from popery
is pt in, Their religion is paganifm, and arbitrary power. iene
and yet they.own a Supreme Being, .TORBOLE, @ town of Italy, in the
Their idelshave human fhapes, butinvery Trentino, 14 miles sz.of Tyent. Lon,
different forms. ‘They have likewile (ome 11 39.2, lat. 45 56 N. ..
refembling elephants and horfes, placed .TORCELLO, a town of Italy, in the
in fmall low temples built of timbes. territory of Venice. . It is thin'of people,
The danguage is {poken very much in the on account, of the unwholefome ai, —
throat, and {ome of the words are pro- feated in ‘a, fimall ifland, feyen miles N of
nounced through the teeth: ithas a great Venice. Lon. 12.9.8, lat. 45 32 wn.
refemblance to the Chinefe. They have . TorvEsiLLas, a fortified town. of
fchools of learning, and their characters Spain, in Leon, with a magnificent palace,
are the fame, or like tholfe’of China; ‘where queen Jcan, mother. of Charles v,
and like themthey write with ahair pencil, ended her melancholy days. It is feated
The commodities are gold,. mufk, filks, in a country fertile in corn and. wine,
calicoes, drugs of many forts, woods for on the river Douero, 24 miles w of Val-
dying, lackered wares, earthen wares, ladolid, and 75 se of Leon. Lon. 4 56
falt, anifeed, and worm-feed. The Ws, lat. 41 48 N.
lackered ware is. not inferior to that of FoRGaw, a town of Germany, ig
Japan, which is accounted the beft in the Saxony Proper. It hasacaftle, the daic-
world. With all»their merchandife, the cafe at which is built in. fuch a manner,
people ars in general very poor; the chief thata perfon may, ride in a chaile to the
trade being carried on by the Chinefe, topofit. The inhabitants brew excellent
Englith, and Dutch. This kingdom js heer, which ey fend to other places by
an abfolute monarchy. the Elbe, on which the town is. feated.
Tonsperc, a feaport.of Norway, in Hexe the king of Pruflia obtained a gteat
the proriues of Aggerhuys, 30 miles'w wittory over the Auftrians in 1769. It
of Frederickftadt. Lon. 10 20 8, lag. is 27 miles ne of Leiplic, aud.35 Nw of
58 50 No... .. Drefden. Lon. 13.3 Ey lat. 51 34 N-
* Toosovar, an ifland in the Pacific .. ToRicny, a town of France, in. the
Ocean, diftoviwed by captain Cook. It .department of the Channel and late pro-
is not, in any direction, above fix miles -vince of Normandy, with a magnificent
‘over; but there afe hills in it.of a con- caltle, feated.on a rivulet, feven miles sg
fiderable elevation, covered with herbage, of St, Lo, Lon.o 42 w, laksg on.
fi
j I
TOR
_ Tormes, a river of. Spain, which rifes
dm the mountains of Avila, in Cattile,
paffes by Alva, Tormes, and Salamanca,
and falls into the Douero, below Mirande-
de-DNouero.
Torna, or ToRNAW, a fortified town
of Upper Hungary, capital of a county
of the {ame name, with a caftle.
feated on an eminence, on the river Sayo,
22 miles w of Caffovia. Lon.20 43,
lat. 48 5soN. '
TORNE, a riverof Sweden, which rifes
in the mountains of Norway, forms a lake
of the fame name, and flowing sez falls
into the gulf of Bothnia, at Tornea.
TORNEA, a town of Sweden in w
Bothnia, capital of a territory of the
fame name, with a good harbour. It is
a place of fome trade, becaufe all the
Laplanders in thofe parts come and ex-
change their fkins and pe for what
they want. The houles are low, and the
cold fo fevere, that fometimes people lofe
their fingers and toes. It is feat
mouth of the Torne, at the N extremity
of the gulf of Bothnia, 180 miles. NE
of Uma, and 420 NNE of Stockholm.
Lon. 24 17 £, lat.65 51N.
Tornova, a town of Turkey in Eu-
rope, in Janna, with a bifhop’s fee. It
is feated at the foot'of Mount Dragoniza,
on the river Salempria, 10 miles Nw of
Lariffa. Lon. 22 36£, lat. 39 52N.
Toro, a town of Spain, in Leon,
feated on a hill, on the river Douero, in a
country fertile in corn and fruits, and
whofe vineyards has excellent red wine.
It is 37 miles N by £ of Salamanca, and
100 NW of Madrid. Lon, 5 2w, lat. 41
39 N. ;
> -TPoRELLA-DE-MONORIS, a feaport of
Spain, in Catalonia, famous for a battle
gained by the French over the Spaniards,
in 1694. It is feated near the mouth of
the Ter, in the Mediterranean, at the
foot of the Pyrenees, 19 miles & by § of
Gironna, and 60 NE of Barcelona. Lon.
3.188, lat.41 55N.
ToORPERLEY, 2 town in Chefhire, nine
miles E of Chefter. It was formerly a
borough, and had a market.
TORRE-DEL-GRECO, a town of Na-
ples, in Terra-di-Lavoro, feated at the
toot of Mount Vefuvius, on the bay of
Naples, five miles sz of that city. I¢
was deftroyed by an eruption of Vefuvius
in 1631; and in June 179.4, was cvyer-
whelmed by a torrent of lava, from that
volcano. he inhabitants, however, to
the amount of 18,000,° elcaped with their
lives, about 15 excepted; and the town is
It is’
at the ~
_ Lon. 4 oW, lat. 51 4N.
‘ mania, feated en the s bank of the lake
TOR
now rebuilding on the lava th ’
the tess habitations, rated.
ORREJO, a town of Spain, j
Caittile, 15 miles 8 of Madrid, ‘Lon, .
gd and New
podern tortific
wer a large br
shro, whofe
bh ION. 3 a pet ap
ORRES, a feaport of Spaiit, j ' oufes; among
nada, feated on Me Miediterrubesc” 46 pyal colle ze
miles sw of Granada.
lat. 36 39N.
_ Torres Novas, a ftrong and confi.
derable town of Portugal, in Eftramadura,
with a cattle. It is durrounded by walls,
and feated in a fertile plain, on the river!
Almonda, 55 iniles NE of Lifbon. Lon,
8 8 w, lat. 39 10N. :
TORRES VEDRAS, a town of Portu-
gal, in Eftramadura, with a cattle, feated
near the Atlantic, in a country abounding
in corn, fruits, and good wine, 17 miles
yent of th
he arkable.
ware, which
fated partly
pill, 5§ mile
por
TORTUGA
sof Lifbon. the coat |
TORRIGLIA, a town of Italy, in the the ifland of
territory of Genoa, 10 miles \ of Genoa, miles in circ
Lon. 8 448, lat. 44 34.N.
TORRINGTON, a corporate town in
Devonthire, with a market on Saturday,
It has two churches, a manufaéture of
ftuffs, and is governed by a mayor. It
is feated on the Towridge, over which is .
a bridge of four arches, 11 miles s by w
of Barnftaple, and 194 w by s of London.
of bare rugss
few goats <
toifes come
their eggs,
It was fo
ToORsiIL, a town of Sweden, in Suder-
Maeler, 43 miles of Stockholm. . Lon. the bucanic
37 208, lat. 59 20N. qo N.
Tortora, the principal of the Virgin Tortut
Iflands, in the W Indies, 18 miles long dies, near
and {even broad. It formerly belonged Hifpaniola,
to the Dutch, who built a ftrong fort, ufed to fo
from which they were expelled by the 80 miles it
Englith in 1666. It produces excellent harbour, b
cotton, fugar, and rum, and of late years 10 W, lat.
has undergone great improvements. Its ' Tosa, -
fruits, of which there are no great vari- nia, feated
ety, are but indifferent; fome apples ex- forms 2 |
cepted. The entrance into the harbour is _ theltered
at the E erd of the ifland. Lon. 63 ow, It is buill
Jat. 18 33.N. on a fee]
. Tortona, a fortified town of Italy, fea. On
in the duchy cf Milan, capital of Whe fea, 18 a!
Tortonefe, with a bifhop’s fee, and a cattle, fications.
feated on an eminence. It is deemed a na. Lor
confiderable frontier place; was taken Tose.
by the allies in 1744, by the Spaniards atrimor
in 1745, and by the French in April 1796. ome.
It is feated on the Scrivia, 28 miles sz of TOTN
Cafal, and 27 sw of Milan, Lon.8 58 with an
E, lat.458N. Girls on the 1
ToRTosa, a city of Spain, in Cata- and had
lonia, with a bifhop’s fee, a univerfity, ntember
and a citadel. It is’ divided into mayor,
It rs 27
TOT
old and New Town, both furrounded by
godern fortifications. The entrance is
wer a large bridge of boats, on the river
fhro, whofe head is fortified. It has a
eat number of churches and religious
Prites 5 among which the cathedral, the
pyal colleze of Dominicians, and the
gnvent of the Carmelites, are the mo
remarkable. It is fituate in a country,
fertile in corn and fruits, and abounding
with quarries and mines of filver, iron,
alabafter, jafper’ of divers colours, and
fones with veins of gold. Here is a great
deal of filk and oil, and very fine potters
ware, which refembles porcelain. It is
fated partly ona plain, and partly on a
hill, 5§ miles sw of Taragona, and 180
sof Madrid. Lon.o 35£, lat. 40 53. N.
TORTUGA, an uninhabited ifland near
the coaft of Terra Firma, 40 miles w of
the iland of Margaretta, and about 30
miles in circumference. The E end is full
of bare rugged broken rocks, which ftretch
alittle way out to fea. At this end is a
large falt pond, where the falt begins to
kern in April; and there have been 20
fhips here at a time for falt. At the w
is a {mall harbour with frefh water ;
and it is full of low trees. There are a
few goats on it; and the turtles or tor-
toifes come upon the fandy banks to lay
their eggs, whence this ifland has its name.
It was formerly much frequented’ by
the bucaniers. Lon. 64 50 w, lat. 11
ON.
vrokreda, an ifland of the W In-
dies, near the nN coaft of the ifland of
onged year where the French bucaniers
fort, ufed to fortify themfelves. It is about
y the 80 miles in circumference, and has a fafe
éllent harbour, but difficult of accefs. Lon. 75
years 10W, lat.20 1oN.°
Its ' Tosa, a feaport of Spain, in Catalo-
Vari- nia, feated at the bottom of a bay, which
$ ex- forms a good harbour, where yeffels are
ur is theltered from all winds, except the sw.
ow, It is built partly on a plain, and partly
on a fteep hill, which projeéts into the
taly, fea. On the top of the hill, nearer the
the fea, is a ftrong citadel, with other forti-
aftle, fications. It is 37 miles NE of Barceto-
ed a na. Lon.2 54£, lat.qr 42 N.
ken TOSCANELLA, a town of Italy, in the
ards © atrimony of St. Peter, 35 miles N of
796. Rone on. 12 35, lat.4229N. -
E of ToTNeEss, a borough in Devonhhire,
3 58 with a market on’Saturday. It is feated
on the river Dart, on the fide of a hill,
ata and had formerly.a caftle. It fends two
ntembers to parliament, is governed by a
mayor, and has a magufacture of ferges.
It rs 27 miles sw of Exeter, and 196 w
9
TOU
by 8 of London.
24N.
TOTTENHAM Hicyw Cross, a village
in Middleiex, five miles N of London.
It is fo called from a crofs, which has
exifted here frum time immemorial. It
was formerly a column of wood, raifed
upon a hillock. It was taken down about
200 years ago, and the prefent ftruture
erected in its ftead. Here are three
almshoufes; one of them (tor eight poor
people) erected by Balthazar Zanches, a
paniard, who was confeétioner to Phi-
lip 11 of Spain, with whom he came over
to England, and was the firft that exer-
cifed that art in this country. Ina brick-
field on the w fide of the road is St. Loy’s
Well, which is {aid to be always full, and
never to run over; and in a field oppofite
the vicarage houfe, is a f{pring, called
Bifhop’s Well, of which the common
people report many ftrange cures. A
rivulet called the Mofei, which rifes on
Mufwell Hill,néar Highgate, runs through
the principal ftreet.
OTTERIDGE, a village in Middlefex,
near Chipping Barnet. It was greatly '
by Phe citizens of London, rf
Lon. 3 44.W; lat. se
inhabited
long ago as the reign of James1. It is
10 miles NNW of London.
Tout, an ancient and confiderable
town of France, in the department of
Meurthe and late province of Lorrain.
Before the revolution it was a bifhop’s fee,
and the cathedral and late epifcopal palace
are handfome ftruétures. It was an im-
perial town of Germany, till taken by the
French in 1552. It is feated on the Mo-
felle, in a plain, almoft furrounded by
mountains, ro miles w of Nanci, and
167 SE of Paris. Lon. 6 2 £, lat. 48
40 N.
Tov.tomsa, or TuLMaAsrni, a for-
trefs of Hindoottan Proper, in Lahore, —
{eated on the Rauvee, 70 miles ENE of
Moultan.
TouLon, an ancient city and feaport
of France, in the department of Var and
late province of Provence. It is the ca-
pital of the department, and, before the
revolution in 1789, was an epifcopal fee.
The inhabitants are computed at 80,000.
Toulon experienced the dreadful ravages
of the plague in 1418, 1461, 1476, 1587,
1621, 1630, 1647, 1664, and 1720. It
is divided into the Old and New Quarter.
The firft, which is ill-built, has nothing re-
markable in it but the Rue aux Arbres (a
kind of mall) and the townhoufe. The New
Quarter contains (befide the magnificent
works ccnftruéted by Lewis x1v) many
fine houfes, and. a grand oblong f{quare,
TOU
lined with trees, and ferving asa parade,,
_ Therharbour is diftinguifhed likewile by
the names of the Old Port or Merchants’
Port, and the New Port or King’s Port;
but this laft appellation hag vanithed with
the abolition of reyalty, and univerfal
deftruction of all its fymbols. The
Merchants’ Haven, ‘along which extends
a rioble quay, on which is the townhoule,
is protected by two moles, begun. by,
Henry 1v. The New Haven was con-
ftrugted by Lewis xiv, as were the for-
tifications. In the front of this Haven is
an arfenal; and here likewile are a rope-
walk, a park of artillery, dockyards,
bafins, and every thing to be expected in
the fecond port for men of war in this
country. Phe gallies, transferred from
Marfeilles, fome years ago, occupy a
Bafin in the New Port. Many of th,
galley-flaves are artilans, {ame merchants,
and, which is the moft wonderful, of
Icrupulous integrity. They no longer
fleep on board the gallies, but have been
Jately provided with accommodations on
those, in a vaft building, newly erected
for that purpose. Both the Old and New
Port have an outlet into’ the {pacious
outer road or harbouy, which is furrqunded
by hills, and formed by nature aloft cir-
cular. Its ciycuit is of great extent; and
the entrance is defended, on both ‘fides,
by a fort and batteries. Toulon is the
only mart in the Mediterranean for the
re-exportation of the products of the E
Indies. It was twice taken by the im-
perial troops in the fixteenth century ;
and in Auguft 1793, it was furrendered,
by the inhabitants, to the Britifh adiniral
lord Hood, on condition of enabling them
to-effest the re-eftablifhment of monarchy
in France. It was garrifoned, tor jome
time, by the Britifh troops, and their al-
lies; but the French having laid fiege to
it, they were obliged to evacuate the place
in December following, after having de-
ftroyed the arfenal, &c, and burnt or
taken away feveral men of war. Near
15,090 of the inhabitants were brought
off by the Britith fleet; bat many thou-
fands were cbliged to be left to the mere
of their enraged countrymen. The Fren
convention cH, immediately, that the
houfes fhauld be yazed, and nothing pre-
ferved but the marineeftablifhments. This
was followed by the execution of great
numbers of ‘the inhabitants. It wes
alfo decreed that the name fhould be
changed from that of Toulon to Port de
la Montagne, but,this decree was fhortly
afterward repealed. Toulon is feated
gna bay of the Mediterranean, 37 miles
F QU
sE-of Marfeilles, and 537 ssE of Pari
Lon. 5 56, lat. 43 7N. Fe
TovuLousg, an ancient city of France
TouR-DU
ihe dep&rtme
of Dauphiny
in the department, of Upper Gar and name, 24 mi
late siete of Lonunelens ek TOURINE
archbithop's fee. It. contains 60,000 in pifhopric of
habitants, and is the moft confiderable Lon. § OF»
“ty in France, next to Paris and Lyons, TOURbA
although its population, bears no propors jn the depart
tion to its extent. It was the capital o gavince Of
the Teétofages, who. made fo many co Cherburg by
quefts in Afia and Greece. It was next, TOVeth
a Roman colony, and was fuccedfively the, of Frances
capital of the Vifigoths (who deftroyed, and Marne .§
the fuperb amphitheatre, of which there of France, 22
are ftill fome remains, the capital, and 245 E» late 4
TOURNA
trian Flande
with a bithoy
It has fever
articularly
The cathed
Martin, are
taken by the
the. houte .o
Utrecht; :b
place a garr
rier towns.
French, wh
ons, but reft
emperor Joie
other Roman monuments) and that of
eauitetye, The. walls of the city, as,
we 1 as the houfes, are built with bricks.
St. Stephen's, the. metropolitan church,
would be incomparable, if the nave were,
equal to the chair; and the arehbithop’s.
palace is magnificent, The townhoute,
4 modern ftructure, forms a perfect {quare,
3 feet long, and 66high:. the rincipal
font occupies an intire fide of the grand
{quare, lately called, the Place Royale. In
the great hall, called. the Hall of illuttri.
ous Men, is the ftatue of the chevalier
Kaure, and the bufts of all the greasy
nen to whom. Tovlowé has, given, birth,
gmununicating withthe Atlantic, on ong draw their g
‘Gde, by the river, Garonne, and with tha by the Fr
Mediterranean, on the other, .by the ca- obliged Leal
nal of Languedoc, Touloufe might have entered it ag
been avery commercial city ; but the tafte Avuftrian Fl
of the inbabitant$ has been principally. for on the Sche
the {ciences and belles-lettres. Th little parts, that
commeree they have, coniifts in leather, miles SE ©
drapery, blankets, ‘:mignionets, gil;; iran, 135 Nby E
mercery, hardware, and books. The 50 33.N.
bridge over the Gzsonne is at leaft equal Tourn
to thofe of Tours and Orleans: it forms department
the communication between the city and of Dauphit
caftle that «
is feated on
near the ri
noble, and
fuburb of St. Cyprian. Touloufe js 37
miles B of Auch, 125 se of Bourdcaux,
and 350 5 by w of Paris. Lon.1 212,
lat. 43 35 .N.
TourRaine, a late province of France, 4 50 By lat
58 miles long and 55 broad ; bounded on _ Tourn
the N by Maine, on the & by Orleannois, in the depz
on the s by Berry, and on the w by An, late provin
jou and Paitou. The river Loire suns an the Sao
through the middle ;. and it is, in general, and wine,
fo pleafant and fertile a country, that it s by w of |
wis called the Garden of Franee. It now _ Tours
forms the. department of Indre and Loire. city of Fs
Tour-pg-RoussiLLoN, a town of bf Indre «
France, in the department of the Eaftern Touraine.
Pyrenees and late province of Rouffillon, has been
feated on a hill near the river Tet, twe fuffragan
miles below Perpignan. vantageot
TOU
TOUR-DU-PIN, a town of France; in
the depArtment of Ifere and late province
of Dauphiny, feated on a river of the fame
pame, 24 miles s of Vienne.
TouRINE, a town of Germany, in the
bifhopric of Liege, 13 miles N& of Namur,
Lon. § OE, lat. 50 36N.
TOUR-LA-VILLE, 4 town of France,
in the departm@gt of Charente, and late
yovince of Normandy, feparated from
Cherburg by a river.
TOURNAN, or TOURNANS, a town
m of France, in the department of Seine
and Marne afd late province of the Ifle
of France, 22 miles £ by s of Paris. Lon,
Ey lat. 48 43 N.
; cmuhay, : confiderable.city of Auf-
trian Flanders, capital of the Tournayfis,
with a bithop’s fee, and a ftrong caftle.’
It has feveral fine manufactures, and is
puticularly famous for good ftockings,
The cathedral, and the abbey of St,
Martin, are very magnificent. It was
taken by the allies in 1709, and ceded to
the houte of Auftria by the treaty of
Utrecht; but the Dutch were allowed to
place a garrifon in it, as one of the bar-
rier towns. It was takenin 1745, by the
French, who demolifhed the fortificati-
ons, but reftored itin 1748. In 1781, the
emperor Jofeph obliged the Dutch to with-
draw their garrifon. ;
by the French in 1792: they were
obliged to abandon it in 1793, but re-
entered it again, on the final conqueft of
Auftrian Flanders, in 1794. It is feated
on the Scheld, which divides it into two
parts, that are united by a bridge, 14
miles’ sg of Lifle, 30 sw of Ghent, and
135 N by £ of Paris, Lon.3 288, lat.
50 33.Nu ti
qual Tournon, a town of France, in the
nis department of Ardeche and late province
and of Dauphiny, with a fine college, and a
$37 caftle that commands the whole town. At
aux, is feated on the declivity of a mountain,
IE, neat the river Rhone, 40 miles w,of Gre-
. noble, anid 280.8 by B of Paris. Lon,
nce, 4 508, lat. 45 ON.
1 on TourNus, an ancient town of France,
ois, in the department of Saone and Loire and
An, late province of Burgundy. ‘ It is feated
uns on the Saone, in a country fertile in corn
ral, and wine, 15 miles s of Chatons; and 202
t it s by wof Paris. Lon. 508, lat. 46 34.N.
1OW ‘Tours, afi ancient ahd confiderable
ire. city of France, capital of the department
of bf Indre and Loire and late. province of
ern Touraine. .From an archiepitcopal fee it
On, has been lately reduced to a bithopric,
we fuffragan to that of Bourges. It is ad-
vantageoufly feated on the Loire, and near
It was again taken,
TRA
the Cher, Over the former is one of the
fineft bridges in Europe, confitting of a5
elliptic arches, each 7 5 feet diameter :
three of thefe were carried away by the
breaking-up of ice in 1789. ~The prin.
cipal church is remarkable for the deli-
cacy of its ftruéture, its curious clocks
its mofaic pavement, and its rich librar
of manuicripts. Under the miniftry of
cardinal Richelieu, 27,000 perfons were
here employed in the filk manufaéture ;
but now the whole number of inhabitants
is only 22,000. The red wines of Tours
are much efteemed. In one of the fub-
urbs, is the late abbey of Marmoutier,
reputed the moft ancient, in the Weit,
Near the city is Pleffis-les-Tours, .a late
royal palace, built by the profligate and
fuperttitious Lewis x1, who died here, in
1483, notwithftanding he had the precaus
tion to be covered all over with relics,
Tours is 52 miles nNz of Poitiers, 54 &
of Angers, and 127 sw of Paris. Lon.
© 478, lat.47 24.
TouseRAay, a town of Barbary, capital
of Biledulgerid, feated in acountry abound-
ing in dates, and dependent on the king-
dom of Tunis. Lon. 10 55.8, lat. 32
30N.° i
Towcestger, a town in Northamp-
tonfhire, with a market on Tuefday. ti
was once ftrongly fortified, and is fea'ed
on a fmall river, §2 miles sz of Cc vent. Ys
and 60 NW of London: Lon. 1 15 wy
lat. 52 4.N.
TOwRIDGE, a river in Devonhhire,
which rifes near the fource of the Tamar,
not far from the Briftol Channel, runs sg
to Hatherley, and then joining the Ock
from Oakhampton, turns fhort to the n
and paffing by ‘Torrington and Biddeford,
Si the Briftol Channel, at Barnftable
ay. :
TowTov, a village in the w riding of
Yorkthire, sz of Tadcafter. It is famoug
for that bloody battle betwéen the forces
of the houfes of York and Lancafter, fo
fatal to the latter, on Palm-Sunday, 1461.
Towy, a river of S Wales, which
rifts in Cardiganthire, enters Carmarthen-
fhire at ity NE extremity, and pafling
by Carmarthen, enters the Briftol Chan-
nel.
TRACHENBURG, a town of Germany,,
in Silefia, feated on the Bartch, 12 miles
NE of Wolaw, and 26 Nn of Breflaw.
Lon.17 158, lat. 51 30N.
TRAFALGAR, a promontory of Spain,
in Andalufia, at the entrance of the ftraits
of Gibraltar, 30 miles sz of Cadiz. Lon,
6 1W, lat. 36 11N,
TRAJANAPOLI, ane of Turkey in
aa |
TRA
Purope; in Romania, with a Greek arch-
bithop's fee, though it is fmall and thin
of people. It is jeated on the Marica, 37
miles sw of Adrianople, and 312 Nw of
Conftantinople. Lon. 26.18 x, bat.43 15. N.
TRAjeTTO, a icown of Naples, in
Terra di Lavora, built on the ruins of
the ancient Minturna. Here are the
ruins of an amphitheatre and an aqueduct,
and it is teated near the mouth of the
Garigliano, in the Mediterranean, 25
miles nw of Capua. Lon. 24 48, lat.
41 20N.
TRAINA, a town of Sicily, in the Val-
di-Demona, feated on a high mountain, at
the fouree of the river Traina, 22 miles
w of Mount Etna, and 70 sw of Medfina.
Lon. 14 408, lat. 37 46N.
_ TRA-LOS-MONTES, 2% provinee of
Portugal, beyond the mountuins, with ve-
ard to' the other provinces of this king-
Soh, whence it has itsname. It is bounded
on’ the N by Galicia, on the w by Entre-
Douero-¢-Minho, on the s by Beira, and
on the zg by Leon. Icis fertile in wine
and oil, and’ abounds jin cattle. The
Doucro divides it into two parts, and
Miranda is the capital.
TRALEE, a borough and feaport of
Ireland, in the county of Kerry, feated
near a bay of the fame name, {even miles
sseof Ardfert. Lon. 9 36 w, hat. 52 12 N.-
' ‘PRANCHIN, a town of Upper Hun-
gary, capital of a county of the fame
name, The caitle ftands fo high, that
it’ may be feen at the diftanee of near
30 miles. ‘There are two warm baths
within a mile of this’ place, and a great
number of mineral {prings in the adjacent
country. It is feated'on the Waag, 50
miles NE of Prefburg. Lon. +7 50 £, lat.
49 56N. gs enh
TRANCON, an ancient town of Portu-
gl, im T'ra-los-Montes, with a caftle,
seated“in, a tertile country, 14 miles w by
8 of Pittre!. Lon.7 of, lat.40 448.
FRawt, a feaport of Naples, ir Terra
di Bariy with a caftle, and-an archbisiep’s
fee. ‘It'is the ufual refidence of ihe go-
Vernorof the province ; but is inuch de-
éayed fyrce the harbour has been choked
Up with mud. It is feated onthe gulf of
Venice, 20 miles w of Bari, and 125 n by
# of Naples, Lon. 16 368, lat.q1 23N.
TRANQUEBAR, 2 town of Hindooftan,,
on tite coalt of Coromandel, with a fort
and tagtory, belonging to the Danes. It
is trated’ at the mouth of the Cauvery, 165
miles: sot Madras. Lon. 79 57 £, lat.
FO 44° N. - :
TRANSYLVANIA, & country formerly
ahmexed to Mungary; bounded: on the n
by Upper Hungary-and Poland, on the a
TRA
by Moldavia and Walachia, on th
Walachia, and on the w by Upper ef
and 350 broad, and furrounded on
parts by high mountains, which, however,
are not barren, It produees. as much
corn and wine as is wanted, and there
are rich mines of gold, filver, bead, cop.
per, quickfilver, and alum. It has un-
dergone various revolutions, but now be.
longs to the houfe of Auftria, ‘The in.
Lower wage B It is 16a miles long |
al
habitants ave of various religions, as Ro. |
man catholics, Lutherans, Calvinifts, Sos
cinians, Arminians, Greeks, and Maho-
metans. ‘The government is conduéed
by 12 perfons: namely, three Roman
catholics, three Lutherans, three Calvin.
ifts, and three Sovinians. Hermanttade,
is the capital,
Traon, or TRAW, a ftrong and po.
pulous town of Venetian Dalmatia, with
a bifhop's fee. It is feated on the gulf
of Venice, ina {mall ifland, joined to the
mainland by a long bridge of wood, and
to the ifle of Bua’ by another of ftone,
27 miles sz of Sebenico, Lon.17 522,
lat.44 ON.
TRAPANI, or TRAPANO, 2 feaport on
the w fide of Sicily, in the Val-di-Ma.
zara, with a fort, and an excellent har.
bour, in the form of a fickle, whence its
ancient name Drepanum. It. is feated on
a fmall peninfula, contains 20,000 inha-
bitants, and isa trading place, famous for
its falt-wotks, and fiheries of tunnies
and coral. It is 20'miles N of Mazara,
and 45 w of Palermo. Lon. 12 20, lat.
38 ION, /
TRAPPE, a once celebrated monaftery
of France, in the department of Orne and
late province of Perche, fituate in a large
valley, furrounded by mountains. ‘The
monks were famous for their aufterity,
and keeping perpetual filence.
TRARBACH, a town of Germany, in
the palatinate of the Lower Rhine, and
county of Spanheim, feated on the Mo-
felle. Its tortrefs, which is on a moun;
tain, and commands the palfage ot the
Motélle, was taken by the French. in
1794. Itis 22 miles Nz of. Treves, and 28
sw of Coblentz. Lon. 7-7 8B, lat. 49°55 Nv
TRAVANCORE, a province ot the pe-
ninfula of Hindooftan, extending along the
coaft of Malabar from Cape Comorin to
10 1'5 N lat, and bounded: on: the w by
Myfore, and on the £ by the Carnatic.
It'is fubje&t to a rajahy who is am ally of
the Englith E. India Company, and in-de-
fence of whem they engaged), in conjune-
tion with the Mahrattas and the nizam of
the Deccan, in-the laft: war againit, Tip-
poo Sultan. See CRANGAKORE®
TRAVA?
vince of thi
of Hindooft
Lon. 77 8%
TRAVE,
duchyof He
and paffing
bec. Falls ir
TRAVED
many, int’
the mouth |
of Lubec, |
miles NE O!
54 1 N.
TRAUN'
Upper Bav
Near it are
TRAW.
TRAYG!
Valencia, 3
goky Int. 4
‘FREBIA
in the terr
in the Mil
above Plac
Romans, ¢
pronius, @
were drow
fortune has
TREBICG
Turkith I
The inhat
artly Gre
fe is feated
river Treb
Lon. 18 11
TREBIS
Calabria U
five miles
The walls
ments; a
ancient ftr
tions not |
lous; for
dens in it
ftory high
rock, wit
bour is at
mole built
is lo
onal
wever,
much
HW there
te Cop.
as un.
ow be.
“he in.
dued
Roman
Salvin.
anttade,
nd po.
a, with
he gulf
d to the
Dd, and
ftone, _
7 528;
port on
di-Ma.
pnt har.
ence its
ated on
0 inha-
10uUs for
tunnies
Mazara,
> Ey lat.
onaftery
ine and
a large
The
iter ity,
any, in
ne, and
he Mo-
, moun.
ot the
enich: in
and 28
9°55 Ne
the pe-
long the
jorin to
e N by
urnatic.
‘ally of
d in-des
onjunc-
izam’ of
ft, Tip.
rand |
as Ro. |
tts, Soa.
Maho-
TRE
TRAVANCORE, the capital of a pro-
vince of the fame name, in the peniniula
of Hindooltan, roo miles ssg.ot Cochin.
Lon. 77 8B, lat. 8 vgn.
FRave, a river of Germany, in the
duchy of Holftein, which runs from w to r,
and paffing by Segeberg, Oldeflo, and Lu-
lec. falls into the Baltic; at Travemunde.
TRAVEMU SDE, 2 ftrong town of Ger-
many, inthe duchy of Holitein, feared at
the mouth of the t rave. It is the port
of Lubec, to which it belongs, and is 12
miles NE of that city. Lon.10 552, lat.
54 1 N.
TRAUNSTEIN, a town of Germany, in
Upper Bavaria, feated on the river Traun.
Near it ave {prings of falt- water.
Traw. See TRAON.
TRAYGUBRA, a town of Spain, in
Valencia, 30 miles 8 of Tortofa, Lon.o
sok, lat. 40 26N.
FReBra, a river of Italy, which rifes
in the territory of Genoa, wafhes Bobio
in the Milanefe, and fails into the Po,
above Placentia. Great numbers of the
Romans, commanded! by the con{ful Sem-
pronius, after their defeat by Hannibal,
were drowned’ in this river, which mif-
fortune has rendered it famous.
TREBIGNI, or TREBIGNA, a town of
Turkith Dalmatia, with a bifhop’s fee.
The inhabitants are partly Turks and
artly Greeks, and there are fome papifts.
t is feated on the gulf of Venice, on the
river Trebenfka, rq miles N of Ragufa.
Lon. 18 rre, lat.q3 4.N.
TREBISSIACI, a town of Naples, in
Calabria Ulteriore, feated on the Trento,
five miles & of Caffano.
TREBISOND, a large and ftrong fea-
port of Turkey in Afia, in Natolia, with
a Greek archbifhop’s fee, and a caftle.
It is feated' at the foot of a very fteep hill.
The walls are {quare and high, with battle-
ments; and are built with the ruins of
ancient ftruétures, on which are infcrip-
tions not legible. The town is nct popu-
lous; for there are more woods and gar-
dens in it than houfes, and thefe but one
fory high. The caitle is feated on a flat
rock, with ditches cut therein. ‘The har-
bour is at the £ end of the town, and the
mole built by the Ge oefe is almoft de-
ftroyed. It ftands on che Black Sea, 104
-miles NNW of Erzerum, and 440 B of Con-
ftantinople. Lor. 40 258, lat. go 45 N.
TREBITZ, a town of Germany, in
Moravia. ° Ft has a manufacture of cloth,
and is feated on the Felaw, 21 miles sz
of Iglaw, and 52 nw of Budweis. Lon.
Wisk, Mt494N. ie,
"FREBNIP2; ‘a town of Germany, in
TRE
Silefia, witha large nunnery. Near it is
a hill confitting of a foft clay, o¢ ttone,
which is immediately formed into veifels
of ull kinds; and-on being expoled to the
air, they become as hard as if they had
been baked. Tt is 12 miles N of Brelaw.
Lon. 17 158, lat. 51 15 .N
TREFURT, a town of Upper Saxony,
in the landgravate of Heffe, with a ca(tle.
Tt belongs to the elector of Mentz, and
is‘feated near the Verta, 22 miles w of
Saxe-Gotha. Lon.10 198, lat. 51 8N.
TREGANNON, a Corporate town in
Cardiganthire, with a market on Thurf-
day. It is governed by a mayor, and
feated on the ‘I’yvy, 15 miles se of
Aberyftwith, and 202 w by N of Lon-
don, Lon. 3 56 w, lat. 52 13.N.
TreGoNy, a borough in Cornwall,
witha marke: on Saturday. Itis much de-
cayed, has uc church, and only 1 50 houfes
poorly built, but is governed by a mayor,
‘and fends two members to parliament.
It is feated ona creek by Falmouth haven,
41 miles w by s of Plymouth and 245
of London. Lon. 4 43 Ww, lat. 50 16N.
TREGUIER, a@ feaport of France, in
the department of the North Coaft, and late
htt of Bretagne, feated near the
nglifh Channel, 22 miles Nw of St.
Bricux. Lon. 3 10 w, lat. 48 47N.
TREILEBURG, a feaport of Sweden,
in the province of Schonen, feated on the
Baltic, 30 miles se of Copenhagen. Lon.
¥3 268, lat. 55 26N.
TREMESEN, or TLEMSEN, a province
of the kingdom of Algi¢rs, 370 miles
long and 125 broad; bounded on the n
by the Mediterranean, on the & by a
province called Africa, on the s by the
defert of Zahara, and on the w by the
kingdom of Fez. It isdry, barren, and
mountainous, except on the N fide, where
there are plains abounding in corn, fruits,
and paftures.. The capital, of the fame
name, is furrounded by ttrong walls, and
inhabited by poor Arabs, Moors, and
Jews. Lon. 29 w, lat. 34 40N.
TREMITI, three iflands of Italy, in
the gulf of Venice, 15 miles from the
coatt of Naples. They are called Capra-
ria, St. Nicolo, and St. Domino.
TREMOUILLE, a town of France, in
the department of Vienne and late pro-
vince of Poitou, feated on the Bennaile,
23 miles E by s of Poitiers. Lon. 1 10
E, lat. 46 29N.
TREMP, a tawn of Spain, in Catalenia,
feated on the river Noguera Pallareia, &5
miles NW of Barcelona.
TRENT, a large river which rifes *
Staffordihire, iffuing from three {prings
Q42
TRE
between Congleton and Leck. Having
received the ‘Came, it takes a NE direc-
tion,, and enters Derbythire, ‘after its
junction with the Dove; juft croiling the
s angle of that county, and forming, fora
fhort {pace, its feparation from the counties
of Lincoln and Nottingham, it enters the
Jatter county at its sw extremity, and
thence croifing obliquely to the E coalts
along its whole eaftern fide, forming, to-
ward the N part, the boundary between
that county and Lincolnfhire, a corner of
which it croffes, and then falls into the
Humber, below Gainfborough. Parallel
with the courfe of this river runs a
canal, torming a communication between
it and the Merfey, and joining it at
Wilden. It is navigable through the
whole of Nottinghamfhire.
TRENT, a river of N Carolina, which
falls into the Neus, at Newbern, where
it is three quarters of a mile broad.
TRENT, an ancient and populous for-
tified city of Germany, in the Trentino,
with a bifhop’s fee, whofe bifhop is a
prince of the empire, undez the proteétion
of the houie of Auftria. It was formerly
a free imperial city, and is famous for a
council held here, which began in 1545,
and ended in 1563. The French took
poffeffion of this city, efter the battle of
Rovere, in 1796, but abandoned it ioon
afterward. It is feated at the foot of the
Alps, in a fertile valley, on the river
Adige, 67°miles nw of Venice, and 260
NW of Rome. Lon. 11 27 £, lat. 46,8N.
TRENT, or TRENTINO, a bifhopric
of Germany, in the county of Tirol,
feated among the Alps which divide Italy
from Geimany. It is bounded on the x
by Tirol Proper, on the £ by Feltrino
and Bellunefe, on the s by Vicentino and
the Veronefe, and on the w by the Brei-
ciano. ‘T'rent is the capital.
TRENTON, a town of the United
States, capital of New Jerfey, feasted on
the Delaware, 37 miles ne of Philadel-
phia. Lon.75 ow, lat.40 15N.
Treprow, a town of Germany, in
Pruffian Pomerania. It has a manufac-
ture of ftockings and woollen ftuffs, and
is feated on the Rega, near its mouth, in
the Baltic, 43 miles NE of Stetin. Lon.
X5 19K, lat. 54 10N.
‘Tresen, or Trosa, a feaport of
Sweden, in Sudermania, feated on the
Baltic, 35 miles sw of Stockiiolm. Lon.
17 29E, lat.59 ON.
TRESHANISH ISLES, four fertile iflands
on the w coaft of Scotland, between the
ifland gf Col and that of Mull.
TRETHIMROW, a firong town of Pe.
TRE
land, in Volhinia, feated on the Dniefter
45 wiles below Kiof, y
TREVES, or TRIERS, an electorate of
Germany, in the circle of the Lower Khine,
bounded on the w by the eleétorate of
Cologne, on the & by Weteravia, on
the s by the palatinate of the Rhine and |
Lorrain, and on the w by Luxemburg,
It is 100 miles in length, but the breadth
is very different ; and is full of mountains
and forefts. Near the Rhine and Motelle,
the foil is fruitful, abounding in corn
and wine; and it is more populous there
than in other parts. Ite inhabitants have
fuffered greatly in the wars with France.
_ TREvEs, or TRIERS, an ancient and
celebrated city of Germany, in the circle
of the Lower Rhine, capital of an arch. J
bifhopric of the fame name, whole arch. §
bifhop is an elector of the empire. It has
a univerfity, feveral remains of antiquity, §
and as many churches as any town in
Germany. It has greatly fuffered in the
wars, and is now neither large nor popu-
lous. It was taken by the French in
1794.' It is feated on the Moféelle (over |
which is a handfome bridge) between two
mountains, 20 miles NE.of Luxemburg,
55 8 by E of Cologne, and 450 wnw of §
Vienna. Lon. 6 418, lat. 49 45N.
Trevi, a town of Italy, in Umbria, ]
23 miles se of Perugia. Lonwrr six,
lat. 42 54.N.
TREVIGO, a town of Naples, in Prin.
cipato Ulteriore, with a bithop’s fee, 23 |
miles £ of Benevento.
lat. 42 6N.
TREVINO, a ftrong town of Spain, in
“Bifcay, with a citadel, feated on a hill,
Lon.15§ 20,
near the river Aguda, 10 miles sw of §
Vittoria. Lon. 3 4Ww, lat. 42 48N.
TREVISANO, a marquilate of Italy, in
the republic of Venice; bounded on the §
E by Friuli and the gulf of Venice; on {
the s by that gulf, the Dogado, and the
Paduano; on the N by the Feltrino and
the Bellunefe; and on the w by the j
The foil is fertile, and pro- ]
Vicentino.
duces. corn, wine, and wood; and they
export cattle, filk, and woollen cloth,
Trevifo is the capital.
TREVISO, or TREVIGO, a large and
ancient city of Italy, capital of Trevi-
fano, with an archbifhop’s fee.
ferred to Padua. It is the refidence of
many noble families, and feated on the 4
Lon, 12
Silis, 20 miles nw of Venice.
258, lat.4544N.
TREVOUX, an ancient town of France,
in the department of. Ain and late pro-
vince of Brefle, Zhe moft remarkable |
| ftock. . Lo
Tt had §
formerly a univerfity, which was trans- j
buildings 4
arliament
and the p
celebrated {
pofed by
Louis le
the fide of
miles N oO
Paris. Leo
TREYSA
landgravate
of Ziegenl
near the r
Marpurg.
TRIZZO
nefe, feates
tiers of Be
45 45 Ne
TRIBES
many, in
cattle, feat
ssw of S
TRIERS
TRIEST
of German
duchy of
The harbo
being opet
The inhab
oil, almo
Laubach ;
It is featec
gulf of Vi
dIftria, a
48, lat. 4
TRIM;
in Ireland,
nw of Du
TRINC(
of the-iflat
reckoned t
was taken
lih, in J
French in
the Dutch
again tak
1795. It
name, roc
528, lat.
‘TRING
a market |
ford, and
36.w, lat.
TRIN
on the NE
from Par’
ro miles «
w, by the
into whi
Boca del
on accoul
niefter,
brate of
Khine,
rate of
via, on
mburg,
breadth
untains
lotelle,
in corn
s there
ient and
he circle
It has
itiquity,
own in
d in the
br popu-
renca in
N.
I Sr,
in Prin.
3 fee, 234
15 20 Ey | As
pain, in
na hill,
Ss SW of §
8 N.
Italy, in
d onthe |
nice; on |
and the
rino and
by the j
and pro- |
and they
n cloth, J
arge and
f Trevi-
Tt had J
as trans. j
idence of
d on the j
Lon. 12
f France, i
late pro-
markable |
ine. and |
its have i
France, |
hn arch.
fe arch. §
le (over #
yeen two §
emburg, | j
WNW of
Umbria, ]
TRI
buildings ‘are the ancient mint, the late
parliament howe, the governor’s houfe,
Bf and the printing-office. The latter is
celebrated for the Literary Journals com-
pofed by the Jefuits of the celiege of
Louis le Grand. ‘Trevoux is feated on
the fide of a hill, on the river Saone, 12
miles N of Lyons, and 183 s by E of
Paris. Lon. 4 51£, lat.45 57N.
TREYSA, .a town of Germany, in the
landgravate of Heffe, capital of the count
of Ziegenheim. It is feated on a hill,
near the river Schwalm, 17 miles N of
Marpurg. Lon.g 158, lat. 50 SON.
TR1zz0, a town of Italy, in the Mila-
nefe, feated on the Adda, on the fron-
tiers of Bergamafco. Lon.g 258, lat.
AS 45.Ne
TRIBESERS, an ancient town of Ger-
many, in Swedifh Pomerania, with a
cattle, feated on the Trebel, 22 miles
ssw of Stralfund, and 30 ESE of Ro-
| ftock. Lon. 13 88, lat. 54. 1N.
Triers. See TREVES.
TRIEST, an ancient and ftrong feaport
of Germany, in the circle of Auftria and
duchy of Carniola, with a bifhop’s fee.
The harbour is fpacious, but not good ;
being open to the w and sw winds.
The inhabitants have a good trade in falt,
oil, almonds, iron, &c. brought from
Laubach ; and they make good wines.
It is feated on the fice of a hill, on the
gulf of Venice, eight miles n of Cape
d'Iftria, and 80 NE of Venice. Lon. 14
4£, lat. 45 56N.
Trim, the county-town of E Meath,
in Ireland, feated on the Boyne, 23 miles
xw:of Dublin.
TRINCOMALE, a town on the E fide
of the ifland of Ceylon, with a harbour,
reckoned the fineft in the E Indies. It
was taken from the Dutch, by the Eng-
lih, in January 1782; retaken by the
French in Auguit following ; reftored to
the Dutch by the peace of 17833; and
again taken by the Englith in Auguft
1795. It is feated ona gulf of the {ame
name, 100 miles NE of Candy. Lon. $1
528, lat.8 45N.
TRING, a town in Hertfordhhire, with
a market on Friday, 22 miles w of Hert-
ford, and 31 wNw of London. Lon.o
36w, lat. 51 46 N.
TRINIDAD, an ifland of S America,
on the NE coaft of Terra Firma, fepavated.
fromy Paria on the s, by a flrait about
ro miles over, and from Cymana on the
w, by the gulf of Paria, the N entrance
into which is called by the Spaniards
Boca del Drago (the Dragon’s Mouth)
on account of the adverié currents and
TRI
tempeftuous waves encountered here,
when this ifland, with the neighbouring
continent, was firft difcovered by Colum.~
bus in 1498. It is 62 miles long and 45
broad; produces fugar, cotton, Indian
corn, fine tobacco, and fruit; but the
air is unhealthy. It was taken in 1595,
by fir Walter Raleigh, and in 1676, by
the French, who plundered and left it.
The capital is Port d’Efpagne, in the
gulf of Paria, near the Boca. Lon. 61
30 Ww, lat. 10 ON,
TRINIDAD, a town of New Spain, in
the audierice of Guatimala, feated on the
Pacific Ccean. It is an open town, but
very important, there being no other har-
bour on this coaft. A mile and a half
hence is a place which the Spaniards call
one of the Mouths of Hell; becaufe it is
continually covered by a thick f{moke,
and emits flames trom time to time. It
is 70 miles sz of Guatimala. Lon. 89
30W, lat. 12 50N.
TRINIDAD, a town of Terra Firma,
in New Granada, feated on the Rio de la
Madalena, 58 miles Nw of St. Fé de Bo-
gota. Lon.73 45 w, lat.445N.
TRINO, a fortified town of Italy, in
Montterrat, fubjeét to the king of Sar-
dinia. It was taken, in 1704, by the
French, who abandoned it in 1706. It
is feated near the Po, eight miles Nw of
Cafal, and 35 Nz of Turin. Lon.8 30
Ey lgt.45 26N.
TRIPOLI, one of tbe piratical ftates of
Barbary, bounded on the N by the Medi-
terranean, on the E by the defert of Barca,
on the s by Fezzan, and on the w by
Biledulgerid and Tunis. It is a fertile
country, except the & part, which is a
delert. It is g25 miles along the coaft,
but the breadth is various. It had the
title of a kingdom, but is now a republic,
governed by a dey, elected by the foldier's.
TRiPoLt, a confiderable town of Bar-
bary, capital of a country of the fame
name, with a caftle and a fort. It is
pretty large, and the inhabitants are
noted pirates. It was taken by the em-
peror Charles v, who fettled the knights
of Rhodes here; but they were expelled
by.the Turks in 1551. It was formerly
very flourifhiy.g, and has now fome trade
in {tufts, faffron, corn, oil, dates, oftrich
feathers, and fkins; but they make more
of the Chriftians taken at fea; for they
either fet high ranfoms on them, or
fell them for flaves. ‘Tripoli is feated on
the Mediterranean, furrounded by a wall,
275 miles se of Tunis, and 570 ESE of
Algiers. Lon.13 128, lat. 32 34N.
TRIPOLI, an ancient and confiderable
Q4 3
ih
1
We
BN i
44
sd
f
hi
Sar—
ee a ee
ne —
SP SES. 5-555:
TRO
town of Syrie, on the Mediterranean,
TRU
the department of ‘Var and date
Chriftians, and Jews. There is one ranean, 12 miles sw of Frejus, a
is a.fand-bank, which increafes fo much, town of Germany, in Upper Silefia, ca.
that itis expeCted to choke up the harbour, te. casei
which jis two miles w of the town, and
formed by a round piece of land, united
to the mainland by an ifthmus. On each
fide is a bulwark to defend the entrance.
This town was anciently in Phoenicia,
awhofe inhabitants were io famous for na-
there is a great number ot mulberry-trees, with a market on Saturday. It is re.
and other fruits, which enable them te markable for clothiers, aad is feated on 4}
carry on a filk manutaciure iu the town. hill, 23 miles sw of Marlborongh, anq
It is go. miles Nw of Darnaicus, and 120s
of Scanderocn. Lon. 36 20 £, lat. 34 50N. TRoyss, an ancient and .conlidenable
tthe bay of Campeachy, feparated by a ‘with a bithop’siee. dt is survounded by §
arrow channel, on the £, fiom the ifle geod walls, but almoft all the lowfes are!
of Port Royal. Lon..of the E point g2 of weed, and good water js wanting. |
45 Ww, lat. 18 ON. Among the ebjects of curiofity are
TrRivenre, a town cf Naples, in Champagne refided. Its commerce, once
Molife, with a bithop’s fec, feated on a very Hourithing, now confifts only in
hill, near the river ‘'rigno, or Jrino, 15 some linens, dimities,fuftians, wax-chand-
miles N,of Bogano, and 62 £ of Naples. ‘ery, candles, and wine. It is feated on |
Lon. 15 37 Ey lat. go gon. the Seine, 30 miles ENE of Sens, and 90.
sof Naples, in Capitanata, {cated at the Troy, the tite of a celebra‘ oj city
fooi at the Appennines, on the river Chi- of Natolia, anciently called Tvoja or
Jaro, 32 miles NE of Benevento. Lon,15 Ilium, and celebrated for a fieze which
ag 5, lat. gr 20N. it fuftained, for ten years, before it was
Canada, on the river St. Lawrence, 55 ‘was feated at the foot of Mount Ida, on
miles sw of Quebec, Lon. 71 20, lat. - the feacoalt oppofite the ifle of Tenedos,
46 345N.. but not a fingle {tone remains to point
TROxks, a town of Lithuania, capital out its exaét tituation. Loni 26 4014,
of a palatinate of the fame name. It is lat. 39 gon. ,
feated among. moraffes, 15 miles w of ‘TRUGILLO, a town of Terra Firma,
Wilna, and 85 Nnz of Grodno. Lon.z5 in Venezuela, 120 miles s of the lake of,
IgE, lat. 54 38N. Maracaybo. Lon. 7 40 w, lat. 9 46N.
the bifhopric of Liege, with a famous bridgeihive, two miles trem Cambridge,
Benedictine abbey, 21 miles wnw of where jeveral Roman antiquities have
‘PROPEA, a populous town of Naples, the mill, commemorated by Chaucer, in]
an Calabria Ulteriore, with a bifhop’s ‘Che Miiler’s Tale. ‘
See. It was half‘ruined by an earthquake iRURO, a borough in Corneal), with
in 1638, and is feated on the top of a a market on ‘Wedneiday and Saturday.
tel on the £ coaft, ro miles Nw of it has the benefit of the coinace of tin,
icoteraz, and 45 °N by E of Reggio. and its chief bulineis is in thipping tin
Lon. 16 248, lar. 38 42.N. mil copper ore, found in aboundance if
Tropes, ST. a feaport of France, in its neighbourhood, Here, after the bat-
defended by a citadel. The inhabitants of Provence, with aditadel. It js feated @
are near 60,000, confifting ot Turks, on the bay of Grimauld, inthe Mediter. ae
+Q uy . TY ’ ; AeA
98 W ol-London. Lon. 26 wylat. $119 ye
Trist, a fimall uninhabited ifland of city ot France, in the department of ea
-New Spain, on the coaft of Jabaico, in s\ube and late province of Champagne, =
TRITCHINOPOLY, a ftrong town of St. Stephen's, the primcipal church; the Wee
Hindoofian, in the Carnatic, 208 miles public library of thevlate- Cordcliers; and aM
ssw of Madras. Lon. 7846£,lat.1049N. the cattle jn:which the ancient counts of @
Troja, a fortified and populous town £5£ of Paris. Lon. 4 108, lat.48 135. &
Trois Rivieres, a town of Upper taken by the Greeks, in m184 3c. It§
Trow, S517. a town of Germany, in TRUMPINGTON, ‘a village in Cam-@
Leige. Lon. 5 228, lat. 50 43N. been found; and here are {till the ruins off
handfome mofque, and all.the houfes have ot Marieilles. Lon.6 44 Ey int. 4316 =
fountains belonging to them. Beiore it TROPPAw, a ftrong and confiderable =
wigation in the early ages of the world. 72 s by & of Breilaw, Lon. 17 40x “
It ,is the refidence of a bafhaw, who alo lat.so iN. ™
governs the territory about it, where ‘TROWBRIDGE, a town in Wiithhire, |
?
de of Nate
underdord J
ral Bairtax.
head -of Fa
Falmouth,
| Lon. 4 $5
TRUXIL
Spuins in
mountains,
top at whi
the birrhph
garro, and
65 wniles s1
Madrid. J
TRuxiY
of Peru, i
by -Franet
territory sat
cans, wito
deated im :
river, ‘Near
ww.of Lin
Trvuxu
Spain, in ¢)
ona guif «
rivers, wnt
Lon. 85 se
Tscnu
tremity of
America,
s. Thee
fined chie
their coun
matle,.cor
formidabl
who ofte
The Ruf
bring the
though
men, i
complith
yet been
w, lat. 6
Tsuez
Tsi-N
city of ©
It is mu
account
dence of
tombs,
tains, ‘a
its diftr
and 26
of the ri
by £ of
30N.
Tst-}
in the p
of ¥en
on the g
the cap
tent, po
T Sd
bvince ama
feated Game
liter. aaa
158 9 eee
16N, %
lecable &
bay Caw g
» with §
by the 4
citored &
dubie. §
dcin ad
pa and §
Zy and &
40 Ey
underdord Hopeton, furrendered to gene-
ral Bairfax. ‘Lruro iis feated at the very
head -of Falmonth haven, 10 miles N of
Falmouth, aud 257 w by s of London.
Lion.4 $5.w, kt. so 168.
TRUXILLO, a confiderable town of
Spain, in Eftramadura, feated among
mountains, on the jide of a hili, at the
top at which is a ftrong citadel. It is
the birchplace of the moted Francis Pi-
zarro, and fituate near. the river Almont,
65 miles sw of Toledo, and 117 se of
Madrid. Lon. 5 23 .w, lat.39 6N.
TRUXI.LO, a rich commercial feaport
of Peru, in the-audience of Lima, buiit
by Franeis Fizarro, in 15g. In its
territory are absve 50,000 native Ameri-
cans, whovare iributary to Spain, It is
feated im a fertile country, on a finall
river, near the Pacific Ocean, 300 miles
ww.of Lima. .Lox.78 35 Ww, lat. 8 1s.
TRUXILLO, a firong feapert of New
Spain, in the provinc. of Honduras, {eated
ona guif of the fame name, between two
rivers, and furrowndec by thick groves.
Lon.%§ go w, lat.16 20.
TSCHUTSKI, a country in the & ex-
tremity of Aifia, oppofite the x w coaft of
America, bounded by the Anadir on the
s. The attention of the natives is con-
fined chiefly to their deer, with which
iit hire, ao
is re.
e¢ on ad
anting,
ity are }
ch; the a
rs; and &
bunts of @
ce, once
only in their country abounds. “They are a well-
chand. ae mate, courageous, warlike race, and are
eated on Mam formidable neighbours to the Koriacs,
and go gam = Whe often experience their depredations.
1813 N, The Ruffians have long endeavoured to
‘eel city bring them under their dominion ;_ and
‘Loja or though they have loft a great aumber of
e-whiel men; in their ditterent expeditions to ac-
wit wae complith this purpofe, they have never
sc. Ite yet been able to effect it. Lon. 168 41
Ida, on Ww, lat. 66 58. At
Penedos, TsueTsren. See Krstr.
tO point _ Psi-NAN-FOU, a large and populous
6 401, city of China, the capital of Chang-tong.
It is much refpeéted by the Chinefe, on
1 Firma, account of its:having been once the refi-
lake of dence of a long feries of kings, whefe
»46N. F tombs, rifing on the neighbouring moun-
n Cami tains, ‘afford a beautiful profpect. In
abridge, its diftri€t are four cities of the fecond
on heed and 26 of the third.clafs. It is feated s
einai of the river Tfi or Tfing-ho, 160 miles s
ucer, ir by 2 of Pekin. Lon. iy 258, bat. 36
30 N.
il), with _ TSi-NING-TCHBOV, a city of China,
wtwrday, in the province of Chan-tong and dittrict
» of tin, of Yen-teheou-fou. From its lituation
sing 40 on the grand canal, it is little inferior to
lance if the capital of the province, either in ex-
tent, population, riches, or commerce,
the dat-
: tle .6f \Nafeby, the forces of Charles 1, .
TUC
TSIN-TCHEOU-FOU, a commercial
and populous city of ‘China, in Chang-
tong. Itchas one city of the fecond and
13 of the third clafs undenits juciidiction,
and is 75 miles £ of Tfin-nang. fou.
Tsono-minc, an ifland of China, on
the coaft of the province of Kiang.nan,
to which it belongs, and from whieh it
is feparated by an arm of the fea, ony
miles broad. It is go antles long, and
13 broad. Tt was formerly a dandy
defert, to which criminals were banithed :
thote that firlt landed om it began to till
the ground, that they might.net perith
with hunger; fome poor Chine!e families
emigrated thither afterward; and, in leds
than ten years, the iflend was :peopled
and cultivated. Its principal revenue
avifes from falt, which is made in fuch
abundance, that it cansdupply mottiof the
neighbouring ccuntrivs. In this itlaiid
is only one city of the third clais; but
villages ave {o numevons, that they feemn
to touch :each other, and to form one
continued city. The air is health{ul
and temperate, the country delightful,
and interiected by :many canals. Lon.
of its spend 121 58, lat. 30 15N.
‘TSUEN-TCHEOU-FOU, a.city of Chi-
na, inthe provitice of Fo-kien. In its dif-
tridt are {even cities of the third clafs ; and
its fituation, extent, commerce, triumphel
arches, temples, and well-paved ftrects,
fecure it a diltinguifhed rank among the
moft beautiful cities in the empire.
Tuam, a city of Ireland, in the
county of Galway, with an .archbifhop’s
fee; on which account it is called a city,
though now reduced to a, village. It
is 20 miles NN@ of Galway, and 25 wow
of Rolcommon. Lon. 8 46 wy lat, 53
33N. :
TusBan, one of the ftrongeft towns
in Java, with a harbour, and a king of
its own. It is feated on the n coait of
the ifland. -LLon.asi 51 8, lat.6 05,
TuBINGEN, a fortified town.of Suabia,
in the duchy of Wirtemburg, with va
univerfity, and a cattle. Here is a large
houfe called New Bau, where a certain
number of ftudents in law are lodged and
boarded gratis; and.in the townhoule is
a very curious clock. It is feated on
the Neckar, ina country abounding in
corn and wine, 20 miles s of Stutgard,
and so E by 3 of Stralburg, Lon.g 48,
lat. 48 30N.
TUCUMAN, an extenfive government
of Spanith S America, lying between
Chili and Paraguay, to the & of the
Andes, and w of the Rio de Ja Plata.
This province, with the country s of that
Qa 4
‘TVE
river, forms an extenfive plain, almoft
without atree. “The foil is a deep fertile
mould, watered by many ftreams from
the Andes, and clothed in perpetual ver.
dure. In this rich pafturage, the horfes
and cattle imported from Europe have
multiplied to an almoit incredible degree.
‘This has enabled the inhabitants, not
enly to open a lucrative trade with Peru,
by fupplying it with cattle, hor(es, and:
mules, but to carry on a commerce,
equally beneficial, by the exportation of
hides to Europe: notwithftanding which,
the towns in this country are no better
than paltry villages, to which the Spa-
niards have endeavoured to add fome
dignity, by ereéting them into bifhop-
rics. Tucuman is under the jurifdiction
of the new viceroyalty at Buenos Ayres.
Tucuyo, a town of Terra Firma, in
Venezuela, and in a valley of the fame
name. <A river runs through the middle
of the valley; the air is good; and the
foil abounds in fugar-canes, cotton, and
all the neceffaries of lite. Lon, 69 2 wy
Jat. 7 31N.
Tuppincton, a town in Bedford-
fhire, with a market on Saturday, five
miles nN of Danftable, and 38 NNW of
London, Lon. o 32.W, lat. §2 ON,
Tupena, a confiderable town of
Spain, in Navarre, with a caftle. It is
feated in a country, that produces good
wine, on the river Ebro, over which is a
hand{ime bri!ge, 45 mies Nw of Sara-
gofla, and 140 Ne of Madrid. Lon.
.Jow, lat.42 9M. ©
Tvtr, a government of Ruffia in Eu-
rope, once an independent principality,
united to the empire by Ivan Vaililievitch,
in 1490, and compriled in the government
of Novogerod, from which it has been
feparated. ‘The population bas increased
to a furprifing degree; a circumftance,
evincing the advantage arifing Jrom the
new code of laws of Catharme mu. It
was the firft province newly-modelled ac-
cording to that code; and 4 has expe-
rienced the beneficial effects of thefe ex-
cellent regulations. The country pro-
duces abundantly all kinds of corn and
: vegetables, Its foretts yield the moft
valuable timber. ‘The quadrupeds, and
the feathered race, are the {ame as in all
the N of Europe; and, belide the fithes
common to moft lakes and rivers, there
is a fith, peculiar to the waters of thefe
northern regions, called the ferlet, the
acipenfir rathenus of Linnzus, and is a
foecies of fturgeon, highly citeemed for
the favour of its flefh, and for its roe,
of which the fineft caviare is made.
TOL
TVER, & eommercial city of Ruftia
capital of a government of the {ame
name, and Jeated at the confluence of the
Tveraa and Volga, along which is con. im
veyed all the merchandife fent by water }
from Siberia, and the s provinces, to.
ward Peterfburgh.
old and new town: the former, fituate
on the oppofite fide of the Volga, coniitts
almoft intirely of wooden cottages: the |
latter having been deftroyed by a dreadful }
conflagration, in 1763, has rifen with |
luftre trom its afhes. Catharine wu or.
dered a regular and beautiful plan of 2
new town to be made. At her own ex.
pence, fhe raifed the goyernor’s houte,
the epifcgpal palace, the courts of juttice,
the exchange, the prifon, and fome other
public edifices; and to ‘every perfon who
engaged to build a houfe of brick, the
offered a loan of zool, for a year, without
intereft. ‘The ftreets are broad and long ;
extending, in ftraight lines, from an oc-
tagon in the centre; and the plan, when
completed, is to comprife two ostagons,
The houfes are of brick, Ruecoed white,
and make' a magnificent’ appéarance,
Here is an ecclefiaftical feminary, which
admits 6dis ftudents. > In 1776, the em-
prefs founded a {chook for the inftrugtion
of 200 burghers children; and, in 1779,
‘an academy for the education of 120 of
the young nobility of the provinee. T'ver
is 9g miles NNW of Mofcow. Lon. 36
58, lat. 56 7N..
Tuccurr, a country of Barbary,
lying s of Algiers, and w of Biledulgerid.
‘The capital, of the fame name, is 310 miles
8sz of Algiers, Lon. 5 108, lat. 33 ON,
Tua, a government of Ruflia in
Europe, formerly a province of the go-
vernment of Moicow. Its capital, Refan,
is feated on the Trubefh, 118 miles sz of
Molcow. Lon. 40 458, lat. 55 25N.
TULuins, a confiderable commercial
town of France, in- the department of
Correze and late territory of Limofin,
with a bihhep’s fee. “The cathedral is fa-
mous for its fteeple, which is very high
and curious. It is feated at the confiu-
ence of the Correze and Solane, partly on
@ mountain, and partly below it, an a
country furrounded by mountains and
precipices, 37 miles sk of Limoges, sua
62 sweet Clermont, Lon. 42 w. Jat.
45 23.
Tuun, a town of Auftria, near the
Wienarwald, or wood of Vienna, with a
bilhep’s fee. It is feated near the river
Tuln, in a country abounding in corn
and ‘wine, +5 miles woot Vienna, Lon.
3668, lat.48 14 N.
=
bis
It is. divided into the NWN
\
\
dience of O
TUMBE?
janded on tf
{r was then
guifhed by
of the incas
It is feated
miles s by
lat. 3 4.0 S+
TuMEL
which, aft
cataracts,
Loch ‘Tu
Garry.
'TUMEN
rovince @
Toboltk.
‘TUNBR
market on
one of the
over each
Here are t!
by Richary
Richard x
is a tamo
tive of the
It is 1210
ése of Lo
TUNB
five miles
yeforted t
on accou
covered i
The town
hills, call
yaim, anc
{cattered
gardens 5
wild, the
and piétu
ings requ
the nobil
eale, an
elegant. |
halt fron
rocks, v
high, th
have the
men of §
wells ar
TUN!
TUN,
New G1
fame na
tain, in
and eme
on the |
by tht
hy Piles
Tt exte!
TUN
TUMBEZy, a town of Peru, in ‘the au-
dience of Quito, where the Spaniards firft
landed on their dilcovery of that country.
It was then a place of jome note, diftin-
guithed by a ftately temple, and a palace
of the incas or fovereigns of the country.
It is feated on the Pacific Ocean, 270
miles s by w of Quitos Lon. 79 51 w,
lat. 3 4.05. é
TUuMEL, a rapid river in Perihfhire,
which, after exhibiting many. beautiful
cataracts, torms itte{f into. a lake, called
Loch ‘Tumel, and ‘then falls into the
Garry.
TUMEN, a town of Siberia, in the
province of Tobolfk, 125 miles w of
Toboltk.
‘TUNBRIDGE, a town in Kent, witha
Nto the \
fituate
veadtut
n with §
MN oor.
n of a
Nn ex.
houte,
juftice,
other ! wi vit
n who market on Friday, feated. on the Tun,
k, the one of the five branches of the Medway,
ithout over each of which is a ftone bridge.
Here are the ruins of a large caftle, erected
long ee \ ar : 1 of ‘Clare al f (:
an oc. MW DY Richard, ear of lare, natura on of
when Wa Richard 1, duke of Normandy ; aud here
agons, is & famous freefchool, founded by a na-
white, tive of the town, in the reign of Elifabeth.
hrance, It is r2 miles wsw of Maidttone, and 30
which §se of London. Lon. o2o08, lat. 51 14N,
e em. TUNBRIDGE WELLS, a town in Kent,
uction five miles s of Tunbridge. It is much
17705 reforted to in June, July, and Augutt,
120 of on account of its chalybeate waters, dif.
Tver covered in 1606, by Dudley lord Nogth.
ON. 36 The town is feated at the bottom of three
. hills, called Mount Sinai, Mount Eph-
ibary, yaim, and Mount Pleaiant, on which are
lverid.: {cattered fome good houles, orchards, and
> miles gardens; and as the country is naturally
2ON, wild, the effect of the whole is romantic
ia in and pigturefque, Here are all the build-
le £0. ings requitite for the agcommodation of
Refan, Ry =the nobility and gentry, with a chapel of
spot Gf cate, a market, and thops noted for their
Ne mM élegant turnery ware. One mile and a
ercial )} 6 half from the wells, are fome ftupendous
nt of | yocks, which, in fome parts, are 7§ feet
Nofin, high, the mean height being 40; and they
is fa. N = have the appearance of the hulks of large
high f= men of war, ranged clofe together. ‘The
nflu. 3 wells are 44 miles s6® of London.
ly on ‘ TUuNDEREN. * See TONDEREN.
an a TuNja, a town of ‘Terra Firma, in
and New Granada, eapital of a diftriét of the
ais \ fame name. It is /eated on a high moun-
Jat. 4 a\\ tain, in a country where iliere are gold
me =. anc emeralds, 30 miles sw of Truxillo,
r the eg Lon. 73 g Wy lat. g ON.
tha ' Tunis, a kingdom of Africa, bounded
river on the w by the Mediter: inean, on the £
com by that fea and Tripoli, on the 6 and sw
LON, by Biledulgerid, and on the w by Algiers.
6s Zt extends yoo miles from eto Wy and
wk
-T UN
250 from Ntos, This country was for.
merly a monarchy ; but a difference arifin
between the father and fon, one of. which
was for the protection of the, Chriitians,
and the other for that of the Turks, in
1574, the inhabitants hook off the yoke
of both. From this time it became a re-
public, under the prote¢tion of the Turks,
and pays a certain tribute to the bafhaw
that refides at ‘Tunis. The air in gene-
ral is healthy, but the foil in the z part
is but mdifferent, for want of water.
Toward the middle, the mountains and
vajlies abound in fruits; but the w part
is the molt fertile, being watered by
rivers. The environs of Tunis are very
dry, upon which account corn is generally
dear. The inroads of the Arabs oblige
the inhabitants to fow their barley and
rye in the fuburbs, and to inclofe their
gardens with walls. However, there are
plenty of citrons, lemons, oranges, dates,
grapes, ana other fruits. There are alfo
olive trees, rofes, and odoriferous plants,
In the woods and miountains are lions,
wild beeves, -oftriches, monkies, came-
leons, roebucks, hares, pheafants, par-
tridges, and other forts of birds and
healts... The moft remarkable rivers are
the Guadilcarbar, Magrida, Magerada,
and Caps. ‘The form of government is
ariftocratic, that is, by a council, whofe
prefident is the dey, not unlike the doge
of Venice. ‘The members of the divan,
r council, ave chofen by the dey, and he,
in his turn, is eleéted by the divan, which
is compofed of foldiers,.who have more
than once taken off thedey’s head. The
inhabitants ¢arry,on a great trade in
linen and. woollen, cloth. In the. city
of Tunis alone, are above 3000 clothiers
and weavers. ‘They have alfo a trade in
horfes, olives, oil, foap, and oftriches eggs
and feathers. The eltablifhed religion is
Mahometanifin ; and the inhabitants con-
fit of Moors, Turks, Arabs, Jews, and
Chriftian Slaves,
Tunis, a large and celebrated city of
Barbary, capital of a kingdom of the
fame name. It is feated on the point of
the gulf of Goletta, about 10 miles from
the fite of the famous city ef Carthage.
It is in the form of an oblong iquare, Reve
miles in citcumference, with a lofty wall,
five gates, and 35 mofques. The houfes
are all built of ftone, pion but one
fiovy high; and it has a good citadel on
an eminence, on the w fide of the city,
Without the walls are two fuburbs, which
contain 1000 houlfes. Within the walls
are 10,000 families, and above 3000
wadelmen’s fhops, ‘The divan, 2 coun-
TUR
cil of ‘ftate, affembles in an old palace,
and the‘dey is the chief of the republic,
-who-refides here. The-city has no water,
«but what is kept ‘in cifterns, except one
‘well, ‘kept for the bafhaw’s ufe. . The
tparbour ‘has -a very narrow entrance,
through a {mall channel, which is well
‘fortified. I'he Mahometans here have
nine-eolleges for ftudents, -befide a great
number of {mailer -feheols. Tunis is -a
‘place: ¢f ‘great ‘trade, 10 miles from the
‘fea, 275 NW Of Tripoli, and 380 £ of
Algiers. ‘Lons10 16 6£, lat. 36 42N.
UNKERSTOWN. See EPHRATA.
TURCKHEEM, a:town of France, in
‘the department ‘of Upper Rhine and late
(provihce of ‘Alface, remarkable for a
victor y-gained ‘here by Turenne, over the
Auftitans, in 1675. It is feated near
‘the river-Colmar, ‘one mile Nw of Colmar.
TuRcomaAnta, a province of Turkey
in Aira, now’called ARMENIA.
"TURCOMANS, TEREKEMENS,~ or
‘TRUKHMENTANS, a people of Afia,
‘who fpeak the Turkifh dialeé&t of the
Tartar language, and inhabit the eaftern
flope:of Mownt Caucalus, the coaft of the
Calpian about Boinak, Derbent, and Ute-
“mith, and-the ‘fouthern promontories be-
tween the fea andthe river Alazan. Some
of them:-are fubjeét to the khan of Cuba;
others to a chief who refides at Nukhu;
and a'third to the ‘fovereign of Georgia.
TURENWE, a town of France, in the
department of Correze and late territory
ot Limofih, with a caftle, 42 miles s of
Limoges. Lon. 1 308, lat.459N.
Turcow. See Gouna.
TuRIN, ‘an ancient, populous, and
flourithing iy of Italy, the capital of
Piedmont, and refidence of its fovereign
the king of Sardinia, with an archbifhop’s
fee, and a univerfit .\ Itcis feated on a
vaft- plain, at the foot of the Alps, and
at the confluence of the Doria and Po.
Here are: many large {quares, among
which that of St. Charles is the moft
{pacious and beautiful: the buildings are
handfome, and it has extenfive arcades on
each fide. ‘Moft of the ftreets are well
built, uniform, ftraight, and terminate
on fome es objeét: the ‘Strada di
Po, the fil@R-and lavgeft, leads to the
royal. palace, ‘and is adorned saith piagzas,
filled with fhops; as are various others
of the beft ftreets:; all of which are kept
clean by means of a canal from the
Doria, with ‘fluices that flow through
them into the Po. The inhabitants are
computed to be 100,000. ‘The royal pa-
Jace confifts of two magnificent ftructures,
joined together by-a gallery, in which are
TUR
feveral pictures, ftatwes, ‘and antiquities
at great value. The arfenal is a fine and
-capacious bu ‘lding, including five courts -
it contains arms for 120,000 Men, and
there is a cannon foundry anda chymical
‘laboratory annexed to it. “Turin jis ex.
tremely well fortified, and the :citadel is
a mafterpiece of architecture. There
are fine waiks on the ramparts and walls
of the city ; alfo very fine gardens on the
fide of the river Po; anda charming pub-
lic place called the Corto, where the nobi-
lity aflemble, from five to fix in an evening
to exhibit themfelves and their equipa >.
Near the city, on the banks of the Po, is
the beautiful royal caftle of Valentin, the
garden of which is applied to botanical
ftudies. The French befieged this city
in 1706; but prince Eugene” attacked
them before the walls, totally defeated
their army, and-compelled them to raife
the fiege. ‘Turin is 60 miles NE of Ge.
noa, 65 sw of Milan, and 280 nw o;
Rome. Lon.7 45 £, lat.a5 5N.
Turkey, a large empire, extended
over part of Europe, Afia, and Africa.
Turkey in Europe is bounded on the in
- by Rulfia, Poland, and Sclavonia; on the
E by the Black. Sea, the fea of Marmora,
and the Archipelago; on the s by the
Mediterranean; and on the .w by that
‘fea, and the Venetian and Avuttrian terri.
tories. It contains Beflarabia, Moldavia,
Walachia, Bulgaria, Servia, Botnia, Ro-
mania, Macedonia, Janna, Livadia, Al-
bania, part of Croatia and Dalmatia, and
the Morea. Thefe countries Jie between
17 and 40° £ lon. and 36 and 49° N lat.
extending 1000 miles in length and goo
in breadth. ‘Turkey in Afia is bounded
on the N by the Black Sea and Circafiia ;
on the £ by Perfia; on the s by Arabia
and the Mediterranean; and on the w by
the Archipelago,. the fea of Marmora,
and the ftraits of Conftantinople. It lies
between 27 and 46° £ lon. and 28 and 45°
N lat. extending 1000 miles in length and
800 in breadth; and contains the coun-
tries of Irac-Arabia, Diarbeck, Cur-
diftan, Armenia, part.of Circaffia, Nato-
lia, and Syria, with Paleftine, or the Holy
Lend. In Africa, the Turks have ftill a
precarious fovereignty over Egypt. Of
thefe countries (which fee refpectively)
the climate, productions, manners, &c.
muft be various. «Conttsntinople is the
capital of all Turkey. In general, the
Turks are very moderate in.eating, lovers
of reft and idlenefs, and confequently not
very fit-to undergo fatigues. Polygamy
is allowed among:them: but their wives,
properly fo called, ave no more than four
jn: nurmbe
grangers,
and no nat
patience ‘
1S abfolute
of his fu
jictle bet
is the chid
dangerous
them, a
leafure :
fee fuch
tends it
thefe ma
part of
yernors,
neral, t
who are
chafed.
numero
which 4
bred in
tary dil
thelerthd
wey be
name.
and tha
Tur
ifland o
lat. 40
Tur
‘bant.
Naflau,
totally
of ‘600
Antwe
Tu
cata, {
from t
tiquities
fine and
P Courts ;
€n, and
hymical
18 ex,
itadel jg
There
d walls
S On the
Ng pub.
he nobj.
evening,
QUIpa €.
e mi
tin, the
his cit
httacked
lefeated
fo raife
of Ge.
NW of
xtended
Africa,
the in
5 On the
armora,
by ‘the
by that
n terrj-
oldavia,
ia, Ro-
lia, Al.
tia, and
etween
° Nn fat.
nd 900
ounded
rcaffia ;
Arabia
botanical |
US TWE
T
ewer heir
inhabitants ere diftinguifhed by t
e charitable toward ~The on i imerce, amd have sate
in th heb) jon be what it will, haved vaitide manufactures, Poa fi A
frangers, lett “4 verfity with greater filks, ftuffs, earthen ware, ‘an ‘
dno nation futfers d fignior of y e much vifited ‘by _
a adte aha they. begs sage? ; e ves leather. ge de of their politene(s,
js abf{olute eieanyti kel that they are ph becaufe the Tufcan a i bg
his fubjects, i rand vizir an y ly. This duchy is di-
oe better than flaves. ? Nice Sh ihe pureft in p Rong +m ; namely, the F lo-
is the chief next the empero f depofes vided i vif no, and the Siennefe.
di ngerous place, for .*% a at his rentino, the the fan duke of Tufcany,
them, and takes off 4 od fignior John oe of Medicis, died in 1737,
Conan : ti vo fe feldom ex- without Stevie any heirs nr i
$ fuch pro igi . rivate life, for w f London, 1718, t le e
it to perfons in priva treaty o romifed Tufcany, as a
ia ray remain vy Ps ‘isda! eed Char " M Ms dot, aed Carton, tafinne
the wnt, e in ce. ‘hef of the em re, eareft male heir :
porter fficers of ftate, are, in ge f Spain, as being the n lenty of
vernors, and offic f ‘Chriftian parents, ‘of Sp: when the fovereignty
R? 35) . d to that
neral, the children al nin-war, or pur. bi “A . nd Sicily was confirme 4
who are commonly take i avs very Nap es a obli ed to renounce his
* ks have alw ys ‘ vince he was j ge F ncis ¥
chafed. The Tur foot, the chief of e Pe ae in tavour of ran »
: right to Tulcany, ke of Lor. .
stumerous armies ta ies, who have been ‘Tight of Germany, then duke of L
which are the jam ahd h ufed mili- we lporer it was ceded as an equiva-
: lio, and have ain, to whom i : had given
bred in the Seraglio, ir infancy. Of rain, duchy, which he ad g
ifeiph from their in: y lent for that duchy, ts the capital.
tary -difcipline lways 25,000, and there France. Florence is the cap
thefe'they ‘have always 25, ho have that up to 8. See OneIDas.
1 GOO, Who Tuscarora nity of
may be “tibout ‘oie eke in one Ged, Tusis, a town and commu ty
name. The Turks het is Mahomet. iv 4 in the:country of the Grifons,
t his creat prophe . Swifferla p) rT at the ‘be-
weaned CAPE, a cape of ue feated! near She tomcat t fiahhake, 16
ifland of New Zealand. Lon. 176 56 £, ginning of the Ay 3 ¥
ila : ‘ ¢ ‘or ‘Coire. °
; les s by wo in ‘Staffordthire
lat. 40 28s. ftrian Bra- mi ‘a town in ‘Staffo id
meas Fe 1596) price Maurie Sle path oh are SA PR
‘bant. ey otly Boo cavalry, wi ftle, which ftood on an a
at the head of only ing large caftle, and a fmall
diy isfosted v Wace a me hill; Fie vk A ce end hence
o horfe. It is : part o . It is 15 miles
pinceno Lon. 5 Haag by os Refit - are ined a 4 NE of London.
aio hat hiaihs Sino, eight miles fe ; rm w, lat. 53 ON. nef'Hin-
rei ne pul of ‘Tarento, and 50 sw of TUTACORIN, a populous ‘Sabet the
Ban, are 16 Sok, lat. 40 36 ek the dooftan, in the cap Birch Neve
“Fs E JSLAND, an ifland i ifland of Ceylon. miles NE of Cape
Pp ie wie Lom 177 5 W, lat. 1 a fagtory, It is 60 mi ee 8 I5N
acific , ‘in. Lon, 76 NA a had ate .
48s. fovereign ftate of Italy, ge gral My a town in abe tira,
Lhd RA a grand duchy ; A at fhire, with a market mt vig pti
with the title he Bologneie, the oi Se a clayey foil, 13 m
me n by Romagna, t y feated in by w of London.
Modenefe, and the Ages he Pay ine of Newark; I a7 He
2 : Oo (o} ee ; vs 2 a8 ith
a hy of Urbing, the Perugino, the ae vaheye town'of Spain miidoate ions g
uchy A of St. Peter, an bifhop’s fee. It is‘{urro ithed
vietano, the patrimony the w by 2 P rts, and’ well furnithe
the duchy of Caftro ; and 3 i Yuscts, walls a yt het i a frontier town
the Mediterranean, ga ch +8 tatters long with artillery, being
and that of Genoa.
e
; inho, in 2
; r the river Minho, i
' f a mountain, near th d country, 62
: is the chief. of a cultivated c ?
rivers, of which ha fad be which ee ha Campotelln and 254 w of
‘ . m Pi: niles “
There are fevera dvitriol: alfo 1 ; 8 raw, lat. 42 4 ;
Ph alum, and v 3 Madrid. Lon. ) land, which
are mines of iron, labafter, and por- iver of Scotland, 5
. alaba er, ED, ar t ‘
mney sf vid in and mineral h ahas ant he tea teal h ole I
phivy ence 4 cee te orn and , ve ecbles :
ig parts of it are willy je Ssehs, ae a i divides: that county
7 roduc ° a. muir.
wane, 0 nF wa other truits, ‘Tweed
Oranges, poinegre
TYR
ahnoft into two equal parts, croffes the N
part of Selkirkfhire. and. Roxburghhhire,
and forming the. boundary between Ber,
wickfhire and Northumberland, falls into
the German Ocean, at Berwick.
TweepDaLe. See Pe.BLESSHIRE.
TWICKENHAM, a village in Middle-
fex, feated on the Thames, three miles
ssw of Brentford, It is adorned with
many handfome villas, of which two are
particularly celebrated; namely, that
which was the favorite refidence of Pope,
the gardens of which, as planted by him,
are {till kept up, with great care and ve-
neration; and Strawberry Hill, the ele-
gant Gothic: retreat of the late Horace
‘Walpole, earl of Oxford. In the church,
Pope, and his parents, are interred, and
there. ig a monument to his memory,
erected by bifhop, Warburton. Some
gunpowder and oi -mills are on a branch
of the Coln, which, flows here into the
‘Thames. ) ie
TWEEDSMUIR, rugged and heathy
mountains, in the s part of Peeblesthire.
Tycoxzin, a town of Poland, in Po-
lachia, with a caftle and a mint. It is
feated on the Narew,.22 miles Nw of
Bielik. . Lon.23 40.8, lat. 53 ON.
TyporeE, one of the Molucca Iflands,
three leagues s of Ternate.
TxNe, a xiver in Northumberland,
farmed ,of a branch from the, county of
Durham, and another: from the hilis on
the. borders of Scotland.;, Thele uniting
a little above Hexham, form a large river,
which flows to Newcaftle, and enters the
German Ocean, at Tinmouth.
Tyne, a river, .which rifes in the -
mountains in the s of Haddingtonthire,
waters Haddington, and enters the Ger-
man Ocean to the w of Dunbar.
Tynemourd. See TINMOUTH.
Tyre, a feaport of Syria, in that part
formerly called Phoenicia, once a place of
exceeding great trade. It is alfo famous
for a fhellfth, which dies a fine purple,
thence called the Tyrian die. Tyre was
" deftroyed by Alexander the Great, in the
year 332 8. C. and (in exact conformity
to the prophecies in the Old ‘Teftament)
is now nothing but a heap of venerable
ruins. It has two harbours, that on the
'_N fide exceedingly good ; the other choked
up’by the ruins of the It is' 60
miles sw of Damafcus, anc »ow called
Sour or Sur, Lon. 35 508, lat. 33 18.N.
TYRNAW,, a large fortified town of
Upper Hungary, in the palatinate of
Trentfchin, 30 miles NE of Prefburg.
Lon. 17 33.8, lat. 48 23N. ‘na
TyRong, a county of Ireland, in the
VAD
province of Ulfter, 46 miles lon
broad ; bounded on the n by Lon Aa
on the E by Armagh and Lough Nea Me
on the sw by Fermanagh, and on ther
by Donegal. It is a rough country, but
tolerably fruitful; contains 30 parithes
and fends 10 members to parliament.
The capital is Dungannon. ;
TYSTED, a town of N Jutland; in
the territory of Alburg, with a citadel
{eated on the gulf of Limford, 44 miles
Nw of Wiburg, and 46 w of Alburg,
Lon.$ 258, lat. 56 54.N.
_Tyvy, or TErvy, a river in Car-
diganfhire, which iffues from a lake on
the E fide of the county, waters Tregan.
non and Llanbeder, and enters the bay of
Cardigan, below the town of that name.
TZADURILLA, a town of Natolia Pro.
per, near the river Sangar, or Aclu, 63
miles se of If{nic. Lon. 31 88, lat. 39
ON.
TZARITZYN,.a town of Ruffia, in the
government of Saratof, feated on. the
Volga, 120 miles Nw of Aftracan, Lon,
45 258, lat. 48 on,
V. U.z
7 AAST,. St. a town of France, in
the department of the Channel and
late province of Normandy, five miles
from Harfleur, and eight from Valogne,
VABRES, a town of France,, in the de-
partment of Aveiron and late province of
Rouergye. Though an epiicopal fee be-
fore the revolution, it is little better than
a village; but has fome manufactures of
ferges, dimities, and cottons. It is feated
at the confluence of two fmall rivers that
fall into the Tarn, 30 miles sz ot Rodez,
and 32 B of Alby. Lon.2 55, lat. 43
57.N.
VACHA, a town of Germany, in the
landgravate of Heffe-Caflel, 40 miles sz
of Caffel. Lon. 10 128, lat.50:55N..
VACHE, an. ifland of the W Indies,
off the s coalt of St., Domingo, oppofite
St. Louis. It was formerly a.rendezvous
of the bucaniers, who began a fettleme
here in 1673.
Vapa, a town of Italy, in Tufcany,
feated on the Tufcan Sea, 20 miles s of
Leghorn. Lon.10 208, lat.43 15N.
VaDO0, a feaport of Italy, in the terri.
tory of Genoa, with a fort ; taken by the
French in 1795. It is three miles w of
Savona, and 24 sw of Genoa. Lon. 8
SE, lat. 44 15N, .
VADSTEIN, a town of Sweden, inE
Gothland,
had forme
js feated ©
near the
Nordkiopi
VAENA
fia, feated
miles SE q
37 40 Ne
ValIHl
duchy of
Neckar,
RE, la
VAISE
rica, on t
the mout
bile, wit
Vaiso
jn the Vé
was late
{eated o
a cattle,
ruins of
of the la
15 miles
Avigno
VAL,
three m
174-45
ever the
VAL
NE ang
of dem
Mount
which ¢
ous pee
tions,
The ca
VAL
w ang
of the
the ca)
VAI
extren
capita
feate
with
Peter
Lon.
and: 3
derr ‘s
ea
shee
ys but
Arifhes,
lament,
Ind ; in
itadel, 1 §
+ miles
Iburg,
Car.
ake on
regan.
bay of
name,
a Pro.
lu, 63
lat. 39
in the
n. the
Lon,
ce, in
el and
miles
ene,
he de-
nce of
ee be.
* than
res of
feated
3 that
odez,
it. 43
n the
28 SE
N..
dies,
dofite
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mei)‘
any,
8 of
eITI«
r the
Vv of
n. §
nE
VAL
Gothland, where the kings of Sweden
had formerly a palace, now in ruins. It
js feated on the E fide of the Jake Wetter,
near the river Motala, 32 miles w of
Nordkioping. Lon. 15 558, lat. 58 12 N.
VAENA, a town of Spain, in Andalu-
fia, feated at the fource of the Caftro, 23
miles sE of Cordova. Lon. 3 50 W, lat.
37 40 N.
VAIHINGEN, a town’of Suabia, in the
duchy of Wirtemburg, feated on the
Neckar, 24 miles sw of Hailbron. Lon.
9 3E, lat. 48 §3N.
VAISEAUX, a {mall ifland of N Ame-
rica, on the N coaft of Lovifiana, between
the mouths of the Miffiffippi and the Mo-
bile, with a {mall harbour.
VAISON, a decayed’ town of France,
in the Venaiffin, with a bifhop’s fee. It
was lately fubjeét to the: pope, and is
feated on a mountain, on which there is ,
a caftle, near the river Oreze, and the
ruins of ancient Vaiion, which was one
of the largeft cities of the Gauls, It is
15 miles ENE of Orange, and 22 NE of
Avignon, Lon. 5 6 £, lat. 44.15 N.
VaL, a village of the Netherlands,
three miles w of Maeftricht, where, in
1744, marfhal -Saxe obtained a viétory
ever the duke of Cumberland.
VaL-p1-DEMONAa, a province in the
NE angle of Sicily. It means the valley
of demons, and is fo called, becaufe
Mount Etna is fituate in this province,
which occafioned ignorant and iuperftiti-
ous people, at the time of its fiery erup-
tions, to believe it was a chimney of hell.
The capital is Meffina.
VAL-DI-MAZARA, a province in the
W angle of Sicily, 4o called from a town
of the fame name. It contains Palermo,
the capital of the whole iffand.
VaL-DI-NOTO, a province at the sE
extremity of Sicily; {fo called from its
capital.
VaL OmBRosa, a celebrated monaf-
tery of Tufcany, in the Appennines, 15
miles E of Florence.
’ VALCKOWAR, a town of Sclavonia,
feated on the Walpo, near its.confiuence
with the Danube, between Effeck and
Peterwaradin, 70 miles Nw of Belgrade.
Lon. 19 51 £, lat.45 35N.
VaLpal, atown of Ruifia, in the go-
vernm-nt of Novogorod, on the fide of a
lake of the fame name.- It contains fe-
veral brick buildings; and: even the
wooden houfes are more decorated than
the generality of Ruifian cottages. Its
environs rife agreeably into a variety of
gentle eminences, and abound with beau-
tiful lakes, fprinkled with woody iflands,
VAL
and fkirted by forefts, corn-fields, and
paftures.
VaLpAl, Lake OF, in the government
of Novogorod, in Ruflia. It is 20 miles
in circumference, and is the largeft in
the country round the town of Valdai.
In the middle of it is an ifland, contain-'
ing a convent which rifes with its numer-
ous fpires among a clufter of furrounding
trees.
Vaupalr Hixvys, hills of Ruffia, in
the government ‘of Novogorod, which
though of no confiderable elevation, are
the higheft in this part of the country.
They ieparate the waters whieh flow to-
ward the Cafpian from thofe which take
their courfe toward the Baltic.
VALDIVIA. See BALDIVEA.
VALENCE, an ancient and populous
city of France, in the department of
Drome and late provinee of Dauphiny,
with a bifhop’s fee, a citadel, and a
fchool of artillery. It is farrounded by
good walls, and the greateft part of the
public places, and many private houfes,
are adorned with fountains. Befide the
handfome cathedral, there are many othet
churches, as well as late convents, that are
worthy of notice. It is feated on the
Rhone, 30 miles N by zB of Viviers, and
335 8 by E of Paris. -Lon. 4 52 £, lat.
44 $6N.
VALENCE, a town of France, in the
department of Lot and Garonne and late
province of Guienne, fituate on the Ga-
ronne, 12 miles se of Agen.
VALENCE D’ALCANTARA, 4 confider-
able and populous town of Spain, in
Eftramadura, with an old cattle. It is
furrounded by walls after the antique
manner, flanked by fome fmall baftions,
and a few towers; fs very ftrong by fitu-
ation, being built on a rock, near the
river Savar, 20 miles sw of Alcantara,
and 40 N of Badajoz. Lon. 6 30 w, lat,
39 26N.
VALENCEY, a town of France, in the
department of Intdre and late province of
Berry, with a caftle, feated on the Nabou
15 miles s of Romorentin. :
VALENCIA, a province of Spain, for-
merly a kingdom; bounded on the & and
s by the Mediterranean, on the NE by
Catalonia, on the Nw by Arragon, and on
the w by New Caftile and Murcia. It is
162 miles long and 62 broad, and is the
moft pleafant and populous ‘country in
Spain; for here they enjoy a perpetual -
f{pring. It is watered by a great number
of ftreams, which render it fertile in all the
neceflaries of life, efpecially fruits and
wipe 3 and in the mountains are mimes’ of
i ih)
Nh
i
VAL
of the Lomeline, and fubjecd to the kj
of Sardinia, to whom it was ceded in
1707. It has been often taken and re.
taken, and is feated on 4 mountain, near
the river Po, 12 miles & of Cafal, and
35 sw of Milan. Lon.8 56g, lat, 44
53 N.
VALETTE, a town of France, in the
department of Charente and late province
of Angoumois, 10 miles s of Angouléme,
Lon.o 158, lat. 45 30N.
VALETTA, a city of Malta, the capi.
tal of that ifland, and wonderfully ftrong
both by nature and art.’ It is fated on a
peniniula, between two of the fineft ports
in the world, which are defended by al.
moft impregnable fortifications. ‘Tt.
on the sz fide of the city is the larpe(t;
it runs two miles into the heart of the
ifland, and is fo very deep, and fur.
rounded by fuch high grounds, that the
largeft thips may ride in the moft ftorm
weather, almoft without a cable. This
beautiful bafin is divided into five di(.
ting harbours, all equally fafe, each ca-
pable ,of containing a vat number of
fhipping. The entrance is fcarcely a
quarter of a mile broad, and is com-
manded, on each fide, by ftrong batteries,
fronted by a quadruple battery, one above
the other, the largeft of which is on a
level with the water. The harbour on
the Nn fide, though only ufed for fithing,
and as a place of quarantine, is likewile
well defended ; and, in an ifland in the
centre of it, is a caftle and a lazaret.
Valetta being built on a hill, none of the
(treets, except the quay, are level; the
are all. paved with white freeftone, which
not only creates a great duft, but, from
its colour, is fo offentive to the eyes, that
mof{t of the inhabitants are remarkably
weak-fighted. The principal buildings
are the palace of the grand mafter, ite
infirmary, the arfenal, and the magnifi-
cent church of St. John. The pavement
of this church is the richeft in the world:
it is compofed intirely of fepulchral mo-
numents of the fineft marbles, porphyry,
lapis lazuli, and a variety of other valu-
able ftones, admirably joined together,
reprefenting, in a kind of Mofaic, the
arms, infignia, &c. of. the perfons whofe
names they commemorate. In the mag-
nificence of thefe monuments, the heirs
of the grand. mafters and commanders
have long vied with each other. The
great fource of water that fupplies Va-
letta rifes near Melita, and is, thence con-
veyed to the capital by an aquedaét of
fome thoufand arches, ere&ted at the ex-
pence of one of the grand mafters.. Now
VAL
gold, filver, and alum. The inhabitants
are much more lively than in other parts
of Spains and the women are handfomer.
VALENCIA, a city of Spain, capital
of a province of the fame name, with an
archbifhop’s fee, and a univerfity. The
Moors were expelled from it, in the 13th
century. It was taken by the earl of
Peterborough in 1705, and loft again two
years after, It contains 12,000 houfes
within the walls, befide thoie-in the fu-
burbs and pleafiwe gardens around it, '
which amount tothe fame number. ‘The
cathedral haz a fteeple 130 feet high, and
one fide of the choir is incru(ted with ala-
bafter, and adorned with fine paintings of
{cripture hiftory ;| the high altar is covered
with filver, and lighted with 14 filver
lamps. The palace of the viceroy, that of
Ciuta, the monaftery of St. Jerom, the
exchange, and the arfenal, are.all worthy
of notice. Here are flourifhing manufac.
tures of cloth and filk, and feveral re-
Mains of antiquity. It is feated on the
Guadalaviar (over which are five bridges)
near the Mediterranean, 130 miles ESB of
Madrid. Lon.o ro £, lat. 39:23.
VALENCIA, NEw, a town. of Terra
Firma, in the province of Caraccas,
feated on the lake Tocarigua, 57 miles
sw of Porto Cavallo. Lon. 65, 30 w, lat.
9 50N.
VALENCIENNES, an ancient and con-
fiderable city of France, in the depart-
ment of the North and late province of
Hainault. It contains abow 20,000 fouls,
and the Scheld divides it into two parts.
It is a very important. place: the citadel
and fortifications were conftructed by
- order of Lewis xIv,- who.took this town
from the Spaniards ;, and it was confirmed
to him by the treaty of Nimeguen, in
1678. In 1793, it was taken by the
allies, after a fevere fiege; but it fur-
rendered, without refiftance, to the French,
in 1794. Befide lace, this city is noted
tor manufactures of woollen. ftuffs and
very fine linens. It is 20 miles wsw of
Mons, 23 se of Lifle, and 120 NNE of
Paris. Lon. 3.47 £, lat. 50 21 N.
VALENZO-DO-MINHO, a fortified town
of Portugal, in Entre-Minho-e-Douero,
feated om an eminence, near the river
Minho, three miles. s of Tuy. Lon. 8
TEW, lat.42 2N.
VALENTINE, a. town of France, in
the department of Upper Garonne and
late province, of Languedoc, nine miles
se of St. Bertrand. Lon. o 57 E, lat.
43 IN.
VaLBNZA, or VALENTIA, a ftrong
town af Italy, inthe Milanefe, capital
2
withftandi
Maitete, h
Turkith
their religy
city im 35
2 aflaults, w
with the lo
fituate opy
Lon. 14 3
VALKE
town of J
was facke
1672, wa
molifhed
on the Ge
Lon. § 50
VALLA
in Old C
of the fai
and a u
ftrong
with lo
adorned
and fount
El Camp
ence, fur
sonvents
av kept.
sunneries
the Dor
church,
ficent i
long whi
alace, \
ane ext
it conta
kinds, a
ous. cloc
townhou
fquare.
an odd
no wind
light.
navel
yards, 1
on the
Dovero
of Leon
Lon. 4
VAL
in Mec
VAL
in. che-a
of Hox
id miles 1
lat. 34.
VAL
in’ the
coalt o
a by’:
90 331
Vial
e kj
nd y
ded in
» Near
1, and
lat, 44
InN the
ovince
uléme,
Capi.
trong
bd ona
ports
by al.
ec
Tt ae
Breet
ot the
Mn fir.
at the
ormy
This
e dil.
h ca.
ely a
com.
eries,
above
ona
ur on
thing,
kewile
in the
zaret,
of the
the
which
trom
, that
Kably
din $s
» the
mnifi-
ment
Irld;
mo-
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ralu-
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the
hofe
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eirs
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rhe
Va-
on-
of
ex-
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es
VAL VAL
withftanding the fuppofed bigotry of the the audience’ of Quito, fituate near the
Maltete, here is a mofque, in which the Andes. Lon.75 5 w, lat.6 25.
Turkith flaves are os to enjoy VaLLals, a county of Swiflerland, ex-
their religion. ‘The Turks befieged this tending 100 miles trom B to Wy and
city in 1566, but, after many dreadful divided into Upper and Lower Vallais,
aflaults, were compelled to raife the fiegey The former reaches trom Mount: Furca
with the lofs of 30,000 men. Valetta is to the river Morge, below Sion; and the
fituate oppofite Cape Pallero in Sicily. latter from that river to St. Gingou, on
Lon. 14 34, lat.35 54. the lake of Geneva. The Upper Vallais
VALKENBURG, or FAUQUEMONT, a is fovereign of the Lower Vallais, and
town of Dutch Limburg. In 1568, it contains feven independent dixains, or
was facked by the Spaniards, and, in commonwealths; namely, Sion, Goms,
1672, was taken by the French, who de- Brieg, Vifp, Leuk, Raren, and Siders.
molifhed the fortifications. It is feated Of thele, Sion is aviftocratical, and the
on the Geule, eight miles & of Macftricht, others democratical. ‘They are called
Lon. § 50 By lat. 50 52.N- dixains, becaule the Upper Vallais being
VALLADOLID, an ancient city of Spain, divided into feven, and the Lower into
in Old Caftile, capital of a principality three diftriéts, each divifion is a dixain,
of the fame name, with a bithop’s fee, or tenth of the whole. ‘Tne Vallais con-
and a univerfity. It is fwrounded by tains 100,000 inhabitants, who all profefs
ftrong walls, contains 11,000 houfes, the Romancatholic religion, The bithop
with long and broad ftreets, and is Of Sion was formerly abiolute fovereign
adorned with handfome buildings, {quares, Over the greateft part of the Vallais; but
and foyntains. ‘The market-place, called his authority is now limited. ‘The inha-
El Campo, is 700 paces in circumfer- bitants of the Upper Vallais aré much
ence, furrounded by a great number of fubjegt to goiter's, or large excrefcences
convents, and is the place where the fairs from the throat, which often increafe to
a” kept. There are 70 monafteries and an enormous fize ; idiocy alfo remarkably
aunneries, the fineft of which is that of abounds among them ; and the lower clais
the Dominicans, remarkable for its are extremely indolent and cirty. From
church, which is one of the moft magni- Mount Furca, its & boundary, two vatt
ficent in the city. The kings refided a ranges of Alps inclofe the Vallais. The
long while at this place; and the royal $ chain feparates it from the Milanefe,
alace, which. ftill remains, is of very Piedmont, and Savoy: the N divides it
Aen extent, though but two ftories high: fromthe canton of Bern. A country. in
it contains fine paintings of various tirely incloied within high Alps, and. con+
kinds, and-at one of the corners a curi- filting of plains, elevated vallies, and
ous clock like that of Strafburg. The lofty mountains, muft neceffarily exhibit
townhoufe takes up the intire fide of a @ great variety of climates and profpetts
fquare. The houfe of the inquifition is “Ihe productions of the Vallais vary, alfo,
an. odd fort of a ftruéture, for there are according to its fingular diverfity of cli-
no windows, but a few holes to let in the Mates; in conlequence of which, Mr.
light, The environs of the city are Coxe obferves, that ftrawberries, cherries,
covered: with gardens, orchards, vine- plums, pears, and grapes (each the natural
yards, meadows, and fields. It is feated growth of the country) may be-tafted.in
on the Efcurva and Pifuerga, near the the fameday. It has more than: {ufficient
Dovero; 52 miles. sw of Burgos, 80 sz Wine and corn for interior confumption ;
of Leon, and 95 N by w of Madrid, and a confiderable quantity: of both, are
Lon, 4 25 Wy». lat. 41 50.N. yearly exported ; the foil in the midland
VALLADOLID, a town of New Spain; and lower diftritts being, exceedingly rich
in Mechoacan, See MECHOACAN, and fertile;’ but in the more elevated
VALLADOLID, a town of New Spain, parts, barley is the only grain that can be
in che audience of Guatimala,and province cultivated! with fuccels. There are no
of Honduras,. with: a. biffiop’s: fee, 296 manufactures, of any confequence. ini the
miles x of Gnuatiniala. Lon, 88 2a w, Vallais ; and, indeed, the ignorance: ofithe
lat. 14. 10:N. people: isno lefsremarkable-than-their im
VALL ADOLID,. ztown. of New Spain, dolence.
ia’ the. peninfila of Yucatan, nean the © VALLEMONT, a. town of France; in
coat of the bay of Handurasy 9 miles the department: of Lower Seine:ana late
» bys. of Merida: Ikon. 82 20:w,. lat. province of Normandy, with-a caftle, 16
Oe miles N by w of Caudeberr. Lon. 1 25
VaALbapoulD, » town of Perm, in ws lat. 49 46%.
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VALE
; VALLENGIN; a town of Swilferland;
capital of a county of the fame name, in
the principality of Neuchatel. It is
feated near the lake of Neuchatel, 25
iniles‘Nw of Bern. Lon. 6 408, lat. 47
oN. | See NEUCHATEL.
VALLERS; a tewn of France, in the
department of Indre ahd Loire and late
province of Touraine; noted for mineral
waters. It is four miles Nw of ‘Tours.
Lon. 6 41 B, lat.47-24N.
VALLERY, ST.: a commertial town of
France, in the department of Somme and
late province of Picardy, at the mouth of
the river Somme, whofe entrance is very
dangerous. It is 1o miles Nw of Abbe-
ville, and 1:00 N by w of Paris, Lon.2
37E, lat. 50 11 Ne
VaLLERY-EN-CAUX, St. a feaport of
France, in no at eh of Lower Seine
and late provifice of Normandy, 15 miles
w by’s of Dieppe, arid 105 Nw of Paris:
Lon. 418. lat.49 52.N.
VALLiER, ST. a town of France, in
the department of Ardeche and late pro-
vince of Dauphiny, trven miles NE of
Tournon. Lon. 5 2£, lat. 49 10N.
VALOGNE, a town of France, in the
department of the Channel and late pro-
vince of Normandy. It is noted for cloth
and leather, and is {eated on a brook, eight
miles from the fea, and 153 w by N of
Paris. Lon.1 26 w, lat.49 30N. —
VALONA; a feaport of Turkey in Eu-
rope, in Upper Albania, with an arch-
bifhen’s fee. It was taken, in 1690, by
the Venetians, who abandoned it after
they had ruined the fortifications. It is
feated on thé gulf of Venice, near the
mountains of Chimera, 50 miles s of
Durazzo. Lon. 19 238, lat.q41 4N.
VALPARISSO, a town of Chili, with
a well-frequented harbour, detended by
a ftrong fort. It is feated in the Pacific
Ocean, at the foot of a high mountain.
Lon. 72 14.W, lat. 33 38.
VALREES, a town of France, in the
Venaiffin, 12 miles £ of St. Paul Trois
Chateaux. ;
VaALs, a town of France, in the de-
: 2 nee of Ardeche and late province of
auphiny, remarkable for mineral fprings. ..
It is feated on the Ardeche, three miles
n of Aubenas. Lon.4 26 £, lat. 44.48N.
VALTELINE, called hy the inhabitants
VALELE-TELINO, a fertile valley of Swifs
ferland, fubjeét to the Grifons. It ex-
tends from the confines of Bormio to the
lake of Chiavenna, about the lengthoof
50 miles, and is inclofed between two
chains of high mountains. . The N ehain
feparates it from the Grifons, thes from
VAR
the Venetian territories; on the g it bor:
ders on the county of Bormio; and j¢
bounded on the w by the duchy of Milan:
The Valtelines have no manufactures ; but
they -export wines filk; planks, cheef:,
butter, and cattle. On the 2oth of July,
1620, there was a general maflacre of the”
proteftants in this valley. The inhabitants
are computed to be 62,600, ahd are all
Roman catholiés.
VaLVERNE, a town of Portugal, in
Beira, on the confines Of Spain, 30 miles
N- by w of Alcantara, and 38 ssg of
Guardia. Lon. 619 w, lat.39 44.N.
- VALVERDE, a tawn of Spain, in Lira.
madura, eight -miles. tron Elvas, and
eight from Hadajoz.
VaNny a towh of Turkey in Afia, in
“Armenia, near the frontiers of Perfia. It
is a populous place, defended by a caftle;
feated.on a mountain. It is likewile a
beglerbeglic, under which there are nine
fangiacates, or partitular governments.
The Turks always.keep a numerous gar-
rifon in’ the caftle.
38 30N.
Van Dreman’s LANn, the s extre.
mity of New Holland, diicovered by Taf:
man,-in 1642. ;
Van DigMeEn’s Roap, a road of the
ifland of Tongataboo, one of the Friendly
Iilands. Lon. 174 56.W, lat.214 8.»
VANNES, an ancient and populous fea-
port of France, in the department of
Morbihan and late province of Bretagne;
with a bithop’s fee. Its principal trade is
in. wheat andsrye for Spain; ‘and it has a
trade alio in pilchardsand feaeels. It is
feated on the gulf. of Morbihan, three
miles from the Atlantic, '56.sw of Ren-
nes, and 255 w by sof. Paris: Lon. 2
46 w, lat.47 39N.
Var; adepartment of France, includ-
ing part of the late-province of Provence.
It takes its name from a river which has
its iource in the county of Nice,.and falls
into the Mediterranean, four miles ‘w of
Nice.
VARALLO, a ftrong town of Italy, in
the. Milanefe, 28 miles NNW. of Novara;
and 47 wNnw of Milan. Lon.8 25£,
lat.45 42.N, ‘
VARAMBON, a town of France, in thé
department of Ain*tand late province of
Brefie, feated.on the Ain, .14 miles NNW
of Bourg. Lou.5 158, lat.46°23N.
VARENDORF, a fortified vown of Ger-
many, in the bifhoprit of Munfter, feated
on.the river-Embs. . ;
. VARENNES,. a town of France, ii: the
department of Aliier and late province of
Bourboraois, sated on an eminence.near
Lon. 44 308, lat. -
@
' of Bar.
the river Allia
Lon. 3 31 E,
VARENNES
department
He
fifter, and tw4
their flight {
1791, and ca
is 13 miles N
VaRNa,a
key in Euro
the territory
bifhop’s fee.
of the Varna,
n of Mefemb
ftantinople.
Va RZEY,
rtment of
Porgundy, w
Auxerre.
VASSERBU
the territory
It is furrow
feated on the.
Munich. o
Vassi, 4 t
tment o
Thee of Cha
10 miles NW
Paris. Lon.
VATAN, a
artment of
lacrai feated
»nw of Iffoudi
VaUCOLEl
France, in th
Jate province
of a hill, on
WwW of Toul,
E of Paris.
VAUCLUSE
France, eight
brated by Pet
Vaub, Pa
érland, in th
tends along |
gradually tro:
is richly laid ¢
and meadows
tinued village
from the dul
of Bern, in 2
pital.
VaUDABL!
department 0!
vince of Au
joire, and. 24
VAUDEMO
the departme)
vince ve Lo
feated in the |
in all Lorrair
RB
VAU
the river Allier, 14. miles ssz of Moulins.
Lon. 3 31 Ey lat. 46 22N.
VARENNES, a town of France, in the
, department of Meufe and late province
of Bar. Here Lewis xvi, his queen,
ifter, and two children, were arretted, in
their flight from the Tuileries, in June
1791, and couduéted back to Paris. It
is 13 miles N of Clermont.
Vaana, a confiderable feaport of Tur-
key in Europe, in Bulgaria, capital of
the territory of Drobugia, with an arch-
bifhop’s fee. It is feated near the mouth
of the Varna, in the Black Sea, 22 miles
n of Mefembria, and 145 sw of Con-
ftantinople. Lon. 28 28 8, lat.42 44N.
VaRZEY, a town of France, in the de-
rtment of Youne and late province of
Porgy, with a caftle, 32 miles from
Auxerre. ; oes
VASSERBURG, a town of Bavaria, in
the territory of Munich, with a cattle.
It is furrounded, by high inountains, and
feated on the, river Inn, 28 miles £ of
Munich. Lon. 12 158, lat. 48 10N.
Vassi, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Upper Marne and late pro-
vince of Champagne, feated on the Blaife,
1o miles Nw ot Joinville, and 115 £ of -
Paris. Loh. § 10 £, lat. 48 27 N.
VATAN, a town of France, in the de-
artment of Indre and late province .of
Tecra: feated in a fine plain, eight miles
»nw of Iffoudun. \Lon.1 56 £, lat,47 2N.
VAUCOLEURES, a2 ancient town of
France, in the department of Meufe and
Jate province of Bar, feated on the fide
of ahill, on the river Meufey 10 miles
w of Toul, 22 sw of Nanci, and 150
Eof Paris. Lon.5 408, lat.48 36N.
Vauc use, a village and fountain of
France, eight miles from Avignon, cele-
brated by Petrarch.
Vaub, Pays DE, a country of Swif-
frland, in the canton of Bern, It ex-
tends along the lake of Geneva, riting
gradually trom the edge of that lake, and
1s richly laid out in vineyards, corn-fields,
and meadows, and chequered with con.
tinued villages and towns, Ft was wrefted
from the duke, of Savoy, by the cantoa
of Bern, in 4536. Laufanne is the ca-
pital. “
VAUDABLES, a town of France, in the
department of Puy de Dome and late pro-
vince of Auvergne, tive miles from If-
loirey and. 240 § by BE of Paris.
VAUDEMONT, a, town of France, in
the department of Meurthe and date .pro-
vince of, Lorrainywith a caftle, Ip is
feated in the moft fertile coyntry for corn
in all Lorrain, 1§ miles sg of Toul, and
UBE
18 sw of Nanci. Lon. § 57 8, lat. 48
26 N. E.
Vaupols, VALLIES OF, in Picdmont.
They licen of the marguifate of Saluzzo,
and the chief town is peor. The in-
habitants are called Vaudois; affo Wai-
denfes, from Peter Waldo, a merchant at
Lyons, who expofed the {perititions of
the church of Rome, im 1160, and bei
banifhed from France, came here wi
his difciples. ‘The Vaudois underwent
the moft dreadful perfecutions in the laft
pth particularly in 1055, 1656, and
1696.
VAUDREVANGE, a decayed town of
France, in the urpreunent of Meurthe and
late province of Lorrain. -It is feated on
the Sare, near the ftrong fortrefs of Sar
ouis, 50 miles ne of Nanci. Lon. 6
35 E, lat.49 28.N.
VAUXHALL, a village in Surry, fedted
on the Thames, two miles sw of London.
It is celebrated for its gardens, which, as
a place of public entertainment, are the
fincft in Europe. Here is an almthouse
for feven women, built in 1618, by
fir Noel Caren, who refided here, as am-
baffador from Holland, 28 years...»
Upepa, a confiderable and _populoys
town of Spain, in Andalufia, vie ne
caltle, feated in a fertile country, abound-
ing in corn, wine, oil, and fruits, efpeci=
ally figs. It is five miles ne of Baeza,
and 158 se of Madrid. Lon. 3 33'w,
lat. 37 48N.
UBERLINGIN, a free imperial city of
Suabia, in the county of Furftenburg.
The-inhabitants, who are partly Roman
catholics and partly proteftants, carry on
a great trade in corn, which they fend tp
Swifferland ; and not far hence are ver;
famous baths, It is feated on a high
‘rock, near the lake of Conttance, 1%
miles y of Conltance. Lon.g 108, late
47 50N. <i
Uses, St. or Serusat, a fortified
town of Portugal, in Eftramadura, with
a good harbour, defended by the fort. of
St. Jago, It is built on the ruins of, the
ancient Setobriga, at the head of a bay,
= fhe mouth i the Zadaen. It has a
ne: fifhery, and a vi ced trade, par-
ticularly if falt, of which a great f. -
tity is fent to the colonies in America, It
is feated at the end of a plain, five miles
in length, extremely fertile in corn, wine,
and fruits: the N end bounded by a row
of nape lodded with fine forelts of
pines, and,,otber trees; and within are
qussples of jalper. of Dep ae of
which ate made pillars and images,
that take a very ry polih, It is 2x
y
VEN
gthe river Bakawa, 10 miles £ of Cruetz,
wd 60 NW of Pofega. Lon. 16 508, lat.
6.58 N.
OVELIKI Ustiuc, a province of Euro-
Ruffia, in the government of Vo-
a. _ Uftiug is the capital.
VELORE, a town ot Hindooftan, in
the Carnatic. It is a poft of great im-
rtancey commanding the great road
fom Myfore into the Carnatic. It con-
{its of three {trong forts on as many hills,
and is deemed impregnable to an Indian
uwmy. During the latt war againft Hyder
M Ally, it was relieved by fir Fyre Coote,
in the face of the whole arny of that
chief. It is go miles w of Madras.
VENA, or .MONTI-DELLA-VENA,
m mountains of Carniola, on the confines of
Itria, on the s,of the lake Czernic.
VENAFRO, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavora, witha bifhop’s fee, feated near
the Volturno, 27 miles w of Capua, and
43 N of Naples. Lon. 14 19 E, lat. 43
2N.
, VENAISSIN, a {mall but fertile territory:
of France, lately depending on the popes
and lying between Provence, Dauphiny,
the Durance, andthe Rhone. Carpentras
is the capital.
VENANT, St. a town of France, in the
departinent of the Straits of Calais and
late province of Artois. It can be laid un-
der water at any time, which is its chief
i defence, and is 27 miles sz of Dunkirk,
and 22 Nw of Arras. Lon. 2 39£, lat.
S ee 38N.
VENASQUE, a town of Spain, in Ar-
cient TR ragon, in a valley of the fame name, with
Ona. GM a trong caftle. It is feated on the Ef-
tia, I fara, in a country producing good wine,
there. 35 miles B of Balbaftro. Lon.o 25,
foun. ist. 41 53 N.
fare; VENCE, an ancient town of France,
* of 5 in the department of Var and late pro-
veldhaien vince of Taivineh. Before the revolution,
Cat | it was a bithop’s fee. It is right miles
So from the Mediterranean, and 10 Ww of
ei Nice. Lon. 7 138; lat. 43 43N.
mre VENDEE, a department of France, in-
f the’ cluding part of the Iate,province of Poi-
db , tou. It is fo called from a {mall river of
Me. Man (te, fame. Fontenay-le-Compte is the
L 4 } capital. :
us VENDOME, a confiderable town of
can France, in the department of Loir: and
Pain, WM Cher and late province of Blaifois, feated
ie ie on the river Loir, 30 miles Nz of Tours,
Gra. and 95. sw of Paris. Lon. 188, lat.47
: SON. 5 : r ) : a ;
sated, VENEZUELA, .a ,province of Terra
Firma, bounded on.the N by the Carib-.
bean Seay om the & by Caraccus, on the
VEN
s by New Granada, and on the w by St.
Martha. When the Spaniards landeg:
here in 1499, they cbferved fome huts:
built upon piles, in an Indian village, in
order to raife them above the ftagnated
water that covered the plain: and this.
induced them to give it the name of Ve-
nezuela, or Little Venice. , Near. the fea-.
coaft are very high mountains, the, tops
of which are barren, but the lower parts
in the valley are fertile, producing plenty
of corn, rich. paftures, fugar,. tobacco,
and fruits. There are alfo, plantations of
cocoa-nuts, which are exceedingly good
and gold is found in the, fande of the
rivers. This province was beftowed. by
the emperor Charles v on the Velfers of
Anugtburgs the moit opulent merchants,
at that time, in Eurore, in confideration
of large fums they had advanced \to him.
They were to hold it as an hereditary fief
of the crown of Caftile, on condition of
conquering the country and eftablifhing
a colony, within a limited time. Unfor-
tunately, they committed the execution
of their plan to fome of the foldiers of for-
tune with which Germany abounded in.
the 16th century, by whole rapacity and
extortion the’ country was fo defolated,
that it could hardly: afford them fubfift-
ence, and the Velfers were obliged to re-
linquifh their property. The Spaniards
immediately relutted poffeffion of it; but,
notwithitanding many natural advantages,
it ¢s ftill one of their moft languifhing
and unproduétive fettlements, .- » -
VENEZUELA, the capital of a province
of the fame name, in Terra Firma, with
a bifhop’s fee. It ftands-on a peninfula,
on the. < fide of the gulf of Venezuela,
70 miles NE of Maracaybo. Lon. 70 15
W, lat.1043N. , yes
VENEZUELA, a gulf on the N coaft of
Terra Firma, which communicates with
the lake of Maracaybo, by a narrow
ftrait.
VeNiCE, a republic of: Italy, which
comprehends 14 provinces ; namely, the
Dogado, Paduano, Vicentino, Veronefe,
Brefciano, Bergamo, Cremafco, Polefino~
di-Rovigo, Trevifano, Feltrino,, Bellu-
nefe, Cadorino, and part of: Friuli and
Iftria. _ In the 4th century, when Attila
king of the Huns ravaged the N part of
Italy, many-of the inhabitants abandoned
their country, .and retiréd into the iflands
of the Adriatie Sea, now called;the gulf
of Venice. As thefe iflands are near each
other; they: found: means to join them,
by driving piles on the fides of the canale,,
on: whichsthey built houfes, ‘and. thus the
firperb: city of nes had its beginning.
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VEN
theations. On the approaolr of: an ene-
ay's fleet, the Venetians have only to
up the ftakes, and the enemy can ad-
mance no further. They are equally be-
yond the. iafult of a land army, even in
the midit; of winter; ‘or the flux and
peux. of the fea, and the. mildnefs of
the climate, prevent fuch a ftrength of
ice as cowld admit the approach of an
umy that way. Venice: is fitwate
about five miles from the mainland, in a
mm kind of laguna, lake, or fmaller inner
If, feparatec trom the large one, called
the gulf of Venice, by fome iflands, at a
few miles diftanee. Thefe iflands, in a
great meafure, break the force of the
Adriatic forms, before they reach the
laguna ; “et, in very high winds, the na-
vigation of the lake is dangerous to gon-
dolas, and fometimes the gondoliera: do
not truft themfelves even in the canals
within the city. This is not fo great an
inconvenience as might be imagined ;: for
moft of the houfes Sie a door opening
upon a canal, and another communicatin
with the firtet; by means of which, an
of the bridges, .a perfon may go to almoft
any part of the.city by land, as well.as
by water... The: numberof. the inhabit-
ants is, eomputed’ to be about 160,000,
The hc sfed: are built: on piles) | The
freetsy in genéral, are narrow ; and fo
are’ the canalsy. except the Great Canal,
which is: very broad: and has a ferpentine
courfe.. through the middle of the city.
‘There are néarly: 500: bridges in Venice;
g re. but what ipafs for fich are only fingle
Zers, | arches: thrown over the canals; moft of
each: them, very eens The Rialto confits
» are | alioof:a fingle archs but a very noble
uddy | one,and.of marble, built acrofs the Grand
The | Canaly near the: middle, where it is the
nce, narrowelt: this celebrated arch is: gq feet
of a wide-on the leve} of the canal,:and 24 feet
hair highs “The beauty of itis: impaired by
omes two rows of lidoths, or fhops; which di-
rets, vide its upper furface: into three narrow
Ace | ftreets... ‘Fhe. view from’ ‘the Rialto is.
are | equally lively and magnificent yithe Grand
$y Or | Canal covered: by boats and gondolas, and
_ BB flanked on each fide by magnificent pa-
the J laces, churches, and fpives. Except the
pital | Grartd Canal, and the Canale: Regio, all
with | the others ave-nerrow and:imean; fome of |
It then have: no quays; :and:the water lite-
f of | rally wathes the houfes. ‘Fhe only place
y is where ai perfon can walk with eafe and
fide, | fatety! iscid the: Piazza di St. Marco; a
den, kind:of a quadrangle): formed by
lows a number of buildings; all fingular in
for- their kind; namely, the Ducal Palace ;
VEN
nianos the Old and New Procuraties;-2
noble range of buildings, in which ate
the mufeum, the public library, and nine
large apartments belonging to the procu-
rators of St. Mark. All thefe buildings are
of marble. At the corner of the new procu-
rarie, a little diftance from the church,
ftands the fteeple, of St. Mark;.a qua-
drangular tower,.about 300 feet, high.
The potioriee church of St. Mark,
though one of the richeft and mioft: éx-
penfive in the world, does not ftrike the
eye very much at firit. ‘The architecturejs
of a mixed kind, moi.iy Gothic ; yet many
of. the pillars are of the Grecian otdess.
The outfide is entcrufted with marble: the
infide, ceiling, and floor, are adl of tite
fineft marble, as aye the numerous pillars ;
and the. whole is crowned by five domes.
The front, which.looks to the palace, has
five brafs gates, with hiftorical baffo-re-
lievos: over the principal gate are. placed
the four famous bronze horfesy faidto
be the workmanthip of- Lyfippuss the
fiery {pirit of their countenancess and
their animated: attitudes, are perfedthy
agreeable to their original deftination, of
-being harnefied to the chariot of the fud.
The treafury of St. Mark is very rich in
jewels and relics; but they will: be ents-
merated by devotees only, or by thofe w
with to laugh at the abfurdity of fi -
tion, The decal palace is an. immente
building): befide the apartmient® of the
doge, there-are halls and dhambérs .for the
fenete,:and thé different eouncile aid tti-
‘bunals.) Within the palace ie a litth
affenal,. »which. communicates: with the
hall.of the great councils | Hete 2 great
number of mufkets are Kept, réady
charged, wit which the nobles may arm
themfelves,,onm any fudden infuryeSion.
Under the portico are the: gaping: moutlis
of lions, tolreceive anonyinous lettersy in-
formations of treafonable practices, anil
accuilations of magiltrates for a’yu(esiin af-
fice’ From the palace is 2 covered bri
of communication to a {tate prifon, on
other tide of the canal; prifoners pafs to
and from the courts over thie bridge,
which is. named Ponte dei Sofpiri, the
Bridge of Sighs. The lower gallery, or
piazza, under the palace, is called the
:‘Broglio. In this the noblid Venetians
walk and converfe: it is only here, and
at council, that they have opportunities of
meeting togethers: for they feldom vifit
openiy, or in a family way, 'ateach other's
houfes; and fecret meetings would give
umbrage to the’ {tate inquifitors. There
is an opening from St. Mark's Place to
the: fea, on i 2 ftand two lofty pillars
4 53 ae
VEN
‘of {
granite. Criminals condemned to
fuffer death publicly, are executed -be-
tween thefe two pillars. ‘Tie arfenal of
Venice is a fortification of between two
and three miles in compafs: it contains
arms for 60,000 foot and 20,000 horfe,
arranged in an ornamental manner5
here -2800 men: are daily employed in
building thips, cafting: cannons, making
cables, fails, anchors, &c. The Vene-
tians have a flourifhing trade’ in filk ma-
mutaétures, bonelace, and all: forts of
‘glafles and mirrors, which -make their
‘principal employments.. The. handfome
tructure called ‘Il Fontica-di-Tedeichi,
containing 500 rooms, ‘is that where the
‘German merchants lay their commodities.
.In:this city is a:famous carnival, which
-begins on New-year’s-day, and continues
till Athwednefday ; all which time is
employed in {ports and diverfions. ‘Then
ithere is fcarce any diftinction between vice
and virtues for libertiniim reigns through
the city, and thoulands of foreigners fre-
.quent it.from all parts'of Europe, . They
all. appear’in mafks, which notene can
venture'to'take off : in'this difpuile they
imitate the fury of the ancient Bacchanals ;
and the nearer Adhwedneiday approaches,
the more mad they are. ‘The principal
fpot of the mafquerade is St. Mark's Place,
where there are fometimes 15,000 people;
and: it. {warms with hartequins, jetters,
mountebanks;,: ropedancers, and puppet-
‘fhows.’ Even the prieits:and monks enjoy
-the diverfions ‘of ‘the carnival 3: but when
thnt is over’ nothing is heard from: the
alergy butfermons on repentance.. Venice
is:includediin the srovince called the Do-
gado, and is 72 miles. £ by N of Mantua,
315 NE of Florence, 140 E:0f Milan, 212
-Nvof Rome; and.30o w by w of Naples.
don. 12:¥o Bn; late 45 26. boat
.Ventce, GULF oF,. a:fea.. betwee
iItalycand’part of Turkey in Europe. It
is the ancient Adriaticum Mare, and is
Mill fonetimes called the Adriatic. ‘The
doge> of. Venice annually performs the.
‘ceremony of wedding this fea; in token of
the. fovereiynty of that» republic over it,
‘On Afcenfion Day, he goes ypon the water
‘in a juperb veticl, attended by.the lords
of the Signoria, foreign ambafladors, and
innumerable. gondolas ; andthrowjng a
gold ving into the feay hepronaunces’a
atin fimtence to. this .purport: We
efpoufe thee, oh fea, 'in token of true and
perpetual fovereigntyin 8 ye
VENLO;, a ftrong town of Dutch. Guel-
deriand, formeriy in alliance with the
Hanie2tic towns. It was more than once
taken and retaken in the wars between the
Dutch and Spaniards. In 1752, it fur-
VER
rendered to the allies, and was confirm
to the ftates-general by the barrier treaé
in 1715. It was taken by the Frenchi
O&. 28, 1794. ‘It is feated onthe g fidi
of the Maete (on the oppofite fide of which
is Fort St. Michael) 19 miles nof Rured
monde, and 45 Nw of Juliers. Lon: 5 5
E, lat. 51 20N. ota
VENOSA, a town of Naples, in Bafié
licata, with a bifhop’s fee. It is feated
in a tertile plain, at the foot of the Aps
pennines, 13 miles Nw of Acerenza, and
72 NE Of Naples, Lon. 15 ‘52:8, lat. 4a)
54.N- : by
VENTA-DE-CRUZ, a town of Terra
Firma, in the ifthmus of Darien, feated
on the river Chagre. Here the Spaniards
ufed to bring the merchandife of Peru'and.
Chili on mules from Panama, and embark.
it on that river for Porto Bello. Lon, 79)
OW, lat.g 20N0 2 j
. VERA, an ancient feaport of Spain, in’
‘Granada; with a bifhop’s fee. It sis 449
miles .Ne‘ot Almeria, and 32 sw of Car.
thagenay Lon. 1 gow, lat. 37 r5N. 0
VERA €Rvz, a feaport of New Spain, |
in Tlattala, deated onthe gulf of Mex.
ico, ‘Here the-flota arrives annually from |
Spain; 'to receive:the: produce of the gold
and filver mines» of Mexico, and-an an.
niial fair is held-here for the richimerchan- |
difeof the Old world... The:air'is fo un. @
healthy, that when che ‘fair’ is ‘over, there
‘are few inhabitants befide mulattoes and |
biacks... ‘Dhere.ave fuch cowds' of Spa- |
niavds: from» all parts of America; that |
tents are ereéted sfor ‘them while the fair |
laits. «This place is ‘famous on account
of the ‘landing: of Ferdinand» Cortez, |
with 500 Spaniards; when he undertook |
It is‘200'miles |
E by s of Mexico. Lon.ig7' 35 wy lat. |
the conquelt ot Mexigo.
19.12 N. {078
_VipracuA,’a: province of New:Spain,
in the: aydience’ of Guatimala;! bounded |
on the nvby the gulf of: Mexico; on the
B by the province and bay of Panama, on
the 5 by the Pacific Ocean, and on the w
by Cofta Rica, It is 125 miles long and
40 broad; and isa mountainous and barren |
country, abounding in’ gold and -filver,
Conception is the capital.
VERA-PAZ, a province of New Spain,
in the audience of Guatimala; bounded |
cn the N by Yucatan, on the B by the
bay and province.of Honduras, on the s
by Guatimala Proper,:.and on the w by
Chiapa. It is 88 miles in length, and
nearly as. much in breadth,
ot mountains and forefts; but there are
many fertile vallies,. which feed a great
numoer.of horfes and mules. ‘There are
al.o many towns and villages of the native
is fall ©
\
wet has a bifl
derable. It is
mala. Lon. 89
VERBERIE, a
jn the artme
vince of the Tile
siver Oife, 10 0
a SUB, lat.49
VERCELI, 2
town of Piedr
fhip of the far
fee, a citadel, :
houfe, the go
hofpital, are h
feated at the c
Cerva, ro mile
of Turin. Le
VERD, CaP
coaftt of Afri
mouth of the
lat. 14 45.N>
Verb ISLA
_ Atlantic, abo
of Africa, be
They were di:
thony, Noel, a
Portugal, and
from their H
The princi
ina bmmicirel
tonio, St. Vin
Sal, Bona Vi
and Bravo.
VERDEW; }
circle of Lo
and nearly as
the £ and s b
on thé w by,
Bremen, and
Bremen and |
of heaths an
are good mal
Aller. Ini
duchy from
it to the ele
fion, in .17
Swedes. T.
VERDEN,
capital of a
contains fou
a branch of
Bremen. I
VERDUN
town of F
Meufe and.
a bifhop’s f
fortificatior
valier de V
the latter o
place. In
thedral wa
VER VER
Americans. The capital, of the fame dun was taken by the Pruffians in 2792,
game, has a bithop's fee, but is inconfi- but retaken foon after. ‘The inhabitants
derable. It is 120 miles Ne of Guati- are noted for making fine fweetmeats. It
mala. Lon. 89 ow, lat.15 10N. is feated on the Meuie, which runs through
VERBERIE, an ancient town of France, the middle, 42 miles sw of Luxemburg,
in the department of Oife and late pro- and 150 £ of Paris. Lon. 5 228, lat.49
vince of the Ifle of France, feated on the 9 N. : :
river Oife, 10 miles NE of Senlis, Lon. VERDUN, a fmall but populous town
a 51 E, lat.49 22N. of France, in the de t of U
VERCELI, a ftrong and confiderable Garonne and late province of Languedoc;
town of Piedmont, capital of a lord- feated on the Garonne, 22 miles nw of
fhip of the fame pame, with,a bithov’s Touloufe. Lon. 1 20 8; lat.43 54s,
fee, a citadel, and a caftle. The town- VERMANDOIS, .a late territory
houfe, the governor's palace, and the France, in Picardy;. which, with the late
hofpital, are handfome ftructures. It is province of Soiflonnois, is now included
feated at the confluence of the Seffia and in the department of Aifne. It abounds
Cerva, 10 miles Nw of Cafal, and 40 WE in corn, and excelleni flax.
of Turin. Lon. 2¢8, lat.45 32N. VERMANTON, a town of. France, .in
VERD, Capz, a promontory on the w the department of Yonne and late pro-
coaft of Africa, 45 miles nw of the vince of Burgundy, feated on a river, 19
mouth of the Gambia. Lon. 17 33 Wy miles sz of Auxerre. Lon. 3 498, lat.
lat. 14. 45.N. 47 40N. by
Verb ISLANDS, Cape, iflands in the | VERMONT, one of the United States of
. Atlantic, above 300 miles w of the coaft America; bounded on the m by Canada;
of Africa, between 13 and 19° nw dat. onthe g by the river Connecticut, which
They were difcovered, in 1446, by An- divides it from New Hampbhhire, on the 8
thony, Noel, a Genoele, in the fervice of by Maflachulets, and on the .w. by New
Portugal, and received their general name York. It is 155 miles long and 60 broad,
from their fituation, oppofite Cape Verd. and divided into feven counties; A chain
The principal are ten in number, lying of high mountains, running n and s, di,
in a femicircle. Their names are St. An- vides the ftate nearly in the centre, between
tonio, St. Vincent, St. Lucia, St. Nicolas, the river Connefticut and lake Champlain.
Sal, Bona Vifta, Mayo, St. Jago, Fuego, nae natural growth upon this chain is
and | and Bravo, . hemlock, pine, fprucs, and. other ever-
Spar | VERDEN, a duchy of Germany, inthe greens: hence it has always a green apy
that circle of Lower Saxony, 28 miles long pearamce, and obtained the defcriptive
fair | and nearly as much broad; bounded on name of Vermont, from the French Verd
unt | the £ and s by the duchy of Lunenburg, Moxt, Green Mountain. The country. is
tez, on thé w by, the Wefer and the duchy of erally hilly, but not rocky, It is
ook Bremen, and on the N by the duchies of finely watered, the foil is very fertile, and
tiles Bremen and Lunenburg. Itconfifts chiefly there is not a better climate in the world.
Jat. | pf heaths and high dry lands; but there The inhabitants have lately been eftimated
fis are good marfhes on the river Weler and at 100,000. ‘The principal town is. Ben-
un, | Aller. In 2712, the Danes wrefted this nington, _ .
ded | duchy from Sweden, and, in 1715, ceded Vernet. See Issoire. wi 3]
the it to the elector of Hanover; which cef- |. VERNEUJL, a. town of France, in the
on | fion, in 1718, was confirmed by ,the department of Eure and. late province of
Ww Swedes. The inhabitants are Lutherans. Normandy, feated on the Aure, 22 miles
and | VERDEN, a town of Lower Saxony, sw of Evreux, and 65 w by 8 of Paris.
ren | capital of a duchy of the fame name. tt Lon.o 59 £, lat.48 42.N.
Pe contains four churches, and is seated on | VERNZUIL, 2 town of France, in the
‘ a branch of the Aller, 26 miles se of department of Allier and late province of
In, Bremen. Lon.g o8, lat. 53 10N. Bourbonnois, three miles from the river
led '. Verpun, an ancient and confiderable Allier, and 15 s,of Moulins. Lon. 3 25
the town of France, in the department of £, lat. 46 20N. “
cS B= =—Meufe and late province of Lorrain, with VERNON, a populous town of France,
by a bifhop’s fee, and a {trong citadel. Its in the department of Eure and late pro-
nd fortifications were cop(truéted by the che- vince of Normandy, ,with an ancient
ull j valier de Ville and marfhal de Vauban; cattle, and a fostreis at the end of the
re the latter of whom was a native of this bridge, over the Scine, 27 miles sg of
at place. In. 1755, great part of the ca- Rouen, and 42 Nw.of Paris. Lon. 3 42
re thedral was deltroyed by lightning. Ver- £E, lat.49 6N. ,
ve Rr4
VER
VEROLI, an ancient an ulous town
of Ftaly, in Ca i “t ena, with a
Bifiop’s fee.” Ir is feated on the Cofa, at
the foot of the Appennines, 45 miles sz
of Rome. Lon. 13 15%, hat. 43 28N.-
« VeRONA, a large, ancient, and famous
Gity- of Ftaly, capital of the Veronefe,
with a bjfhop’s fee, three forts, and an
academy. It is {urrounded by thick
walls, deep ditches, and good:ramparts.
Phe'ftreets are neither clean nor ftraigh: ;
but ‘there is a handfome: place: called the
Piazza d’Armi, in whichis a marble fta-
tue, reprefenting the republic of Venice,
Fhe moft remarkable ftrufture is the an-
phitheatre built by the Romans, in which
there are 44 rows of benches of white mar-
bie, which will conveniently hold 25,000
perfons. Verona is the birthplace of Pliny
the Naturalift, and in the cathedral is a
magnificent ‘tomb. of pope Lucius LIT.
Fhe river Adige divides it into two parts,
which communicate by two handfome
bridges. Verona was cahien by the French
in July 1796. It is 17 miles ng of Man-
twa, and 62'sw of Venice; Lon. 11 245,
fats 45 26.NY
“ WEHONESE, a territory of Italy, in
the republic: of Venice, bounded on the
Nt by the Frentino, ‘on the £ by the Vi-
centino ‘and Paditano, on the s by the
Mantuan, and on the w: by the Brefciano.
Tt is 35 imate long and’27 broad, and one
of ‘th-~--% fertile countries in Italy,
abGour. in corn, wine, fruits; and
catth,.
“Vegenois, 2 confiderable town of Ruf-
fia, ‘in the government: of Rezan, feated
on 4 mountain, near a river of the fame
fame, which’ a little lower falls into the
Dons’ Lon. 42 298, lat. 53 15 N.
+ VERSAILLES, 2 town“of France, in
_ the: department of: Seine and Oife and
Fate province ofi'the Iflé of Frarice. It
contains 60,000 inhabitants, and, fince
the revolution, has been created a bithop’s
fée. In the: reign‘of “Lewis x111, ‘it was
only a fmall village, and: here this. prince
Built'a hunting feat in r630. Lewis x1v
built a magnificent palace here, which
was. the ufual réfidence of the kings of
France, till Ogtober 6, 1789, when the
unfortunate Lewis'xv1 and: his family,
Were remdved' from it to Paris. TF
buildings’ and gardens were adorned wit
a yalt number of ftatues, ‘by the greate(t
mafters, afid- the waterworks were magni-.
ficent. The gardens, with the park, are
five. miles in circumference, and fur-
younded by walls.’ Verfailles is 10-miles
wsw of Paris, Lon. 12 £, lat. 48,
a
VES
Versou, a village of France, in th
dep: nent of Aipy feated on the lake ¢
Gi neva, near the mouth of the rivey Ver
for, fix miles sz of Gex, and feven y 4
Geneva. It goes by the name of Choi
feul’s Folly; tor Geneva having falle
under the difpleafure of France, the duke
de Choifeut (then primé minifter) endeas
vouring to take advantage of the troubleg
in 1768, formed a plan to ruin that city,
and monopolize the whole trade of the
lake. With this view, He fixed on Verfoy
asa proper fituation for a large town, and
began to fink a pier, to make a harbour,
&c. But when the harbour was near]
se ed and 125,000l, had been ex.
penc
relinquifhed,.
VERTUs, a town of France, in the de.
partment of ‘Marne and late province of
Champagne, feated ina plain, at the foot
of a mountain, on which are vineyards,
producing very good wines, 17 mites sw
of Chalons, and 78 Ne of Paris. Lon.
428, lat.48 53N.
VeRvuE, or VERRUA, a town of Pied.
mont, ip the county of Afti.
Not ‘carry it till atter fix monthy, when it
was reduced to a heap of ruins, becaufe
the commander had, blown up all the for.
tifications, It was afterward reltored to,
the duke of Savoy. ft is feated on a hill,
near the river Po, 20 miles ‘w of Cafal, —
and 23 NEof Turin. Lop.8 2/2, lat. 45
13.N.
VERVIERS, a town of the Netherlands,
in the bifhopric of Liege, feated on the
Weze, four, miles sw of Limburg, and 17
SE of Liege.
VERVINS, a town of France, in the
department’ of Aiine and late territory
of Vermandois, famous for a treaty, in
1598, between Henry 1v of France and
Philip 1 of Spaim. It’ is geated on the
Serre, 110 miles Ne of Paris, Lon. 40
E, lat.49 5ON.
VERULAM, the veftiges of a celebrated
‘Roman town in Herttordfhire, clofe by
St. Allban’s. In the time of Nero it was
a municipium, or town, the inhabitants of
which enjoyed the privileges of, Romm
citizens. By Tacitus it was called Veru-
lamium, and by Ptolemy Urolamium.
ter the departure of the.Romans, it
was intirely ruined in the wars between
the Britons and Saxons ; and nothing re-
mains of it but the ruins of walls, tef-
felated pavements, and Roman coins, which
are ftill fometimes dug up, *
VESELIZE, a town of’ France, in the
department of Meurthe and late pravince
d on the project, it was fiddenly
Tt was be- |
fieged in 1705, by the French, who did —
of Lorrain, feate
sw of Nanci, an)
6 10 By lat. 48
VESLEY, 4 t¢
near Ornans.
3 mountain, cal
the river Durg
gon, and ‘200
Jat. 47 46N.
which overtu
larly Pompeii
eruption prove
ralift, Great
hureaus fmol
Rome, but alf
into Africa,
were fuffocate
upon the gio
the neighbou
made hot, ar
very violent a
totaliy deftre
Greco. Sir
that the eru
from the tim
have been te!
the moft viol
thofe in 79 4
tion thr, top
the m suth o
of two mile:
VEVAY;,
of Swifferla
fame name, ,
famous, gen
places, on th
1 6939, ‘and
Veva P. is, f
and the, wi
ftands. ina,
VEWV
of Lorrain, feated on the Brenon, 15 miles
sw of Nanci, ang 164 sz of Paris. Lon.
6 108, lat.48 28 N.
VESLEY, 4 town of France, in the de-
artment of ie y and late province of
Sritfonnois, feated on the river Aine, 20
miles ENx of Soiffons.
VeESOUL, a town of France, in the de-
partment ‘of Upper Saone and late pro-
vince of Franche Cumté. Since the re-
voltition it has been created a bifhap’s fee.
In its vicinity is a well, fimilar to that
near Ornans. It is feated at the foot of
a mountain, called Motte de Vefoul, near
the river Durgeon, 22 miles sof Belan-
gon, and ‘200 sg of Paris. Lon. 6 8k,
lat. 47°36 N.
VESPERIN, or WeEiSBRAIN, 2 ftrong
and populous town of Lower Hungary,
capital of a county of the fame name,
with a caltle, and an epifcopal fee, whole
Sy bifiop is chancellor to the queen of Hun-
Ww ary,, and has a right to crown her. It
n. is feated on the Take Balaton, ‘at the
mouth of the river. Sarwile, 50 miles sw
id. of Strigonia, and $3 sz of Vienna. Lon,
e- 17 57 E, lat.47 14.N.
id Vesuvius,. a, celebrated, Volcano of
it Italy, fix miles g of Naples. Its firft
fe eruption was in the year 79, under Titus,
Is It. was accompanied by an earthquake,
to, which overturned {everal cities, particus
lh, larly Pompeii and Herculaneum ; and this
al, eruption ‘proved fatal to Pliny the Natu-
Ls ralift Great quantities of afhes and {ul-
hureaus finoke, were carried not only to
8, Roti but alfo beyond. the Mediterranean,
he into Africa, and even, ta Egypt;, birds
17 were fuffocated in the air, and fell down
upon the ground ;, and, fifhes, perifhed in
le the neighbouring . waters, which were
y § made hot, and infected by it. Another
a very violent and terrible eruption, in 1634,
d totaliy deftroyed. the town of Torre de
a Greco. Sir William Hamilton mentions,
Q that the eruption in 1767 was the 27th
trom the time of Titus, fince which there
have been ten others; that of 1794 being”
d
y the moft violent and deftruétive, next, to
$ thofe in 79 and 1431. In the laf erup.
f tion the. top of the mouptain fell in, and
d the mouth of Veduvius is now little thort
of two miles in circumference. __
. Vevay, the ancient, Vibiicum, a town
: of. Swiflerland, capital of a bailiwic of the
YE fame name, in the canton of Bern, The
famous, general Ludlow retired to. this
place, om the reftoration: here he died ig
1693, and. is. interred in, :the-church.
Vevay..is, fizrounded by vineyard hills,
and the wine,is.in great eftimation, It
{tands in a,fmall, plain, on.the edge of the
VIA
lake of Gepeva,.37 miles sw of Burn.
Lon. 7 48, lat.46 a8N. ,;
VeuDRg, a town of France, in the de
pene of Alligx and Jase provinces of
urbonnpis, feated on the sives Allies,:
17 miles ww of Moulins. ¢ nee
VazeLay, a. town of France, in the
department of Nicvre and late. provinge
of Niverngis, feated on the.top of ameume
tain, near the river Cure, 20 miles s.of
Auxerre, and 117.8 by @ of Paris, Lon.
3,42 By lat. 47 26.
UF A, a government of Ewopean Rut
fia, formerly included in the government
of Orenburgh." It is divided into the
two provinces of Uta and Oxenburgh.
Ura, a town of Ruffia, capisal of a
government of the fame name. It is
eared on the Bielaid, belaw the. mouth of
the Ufa, 760 miles g of Mofcow. Len.
57.0 Ey lat. §4 40.Ne :
UcENro, afmall but populous town
of, Naples, in Terra d'‘Otrante, with a
bifbop’s fee, cight miles, w. of Aleflano,
ang. 8° ‘Sw of Otranto. a iy
Ucocz, a town.in Upper. Hungary,
capital of a c of the fame pa 4
with..a caftle.. It is feated on a final
river that falls into the Neifle, 15 miles
N of Zatmar, Lon.22 34:2, lati 48 5 N.
Ucocna, 2 town of Italy, in.the duchy
of Milans, feated. on. the. ‘Tofa, 16, miles
N of Varallo, and 45 Nw.of Milan. Lon,
8 24.EB, lat..4§ §2.N.
VEADANAy, 4, town, of Italy;, in the
duchy, of Mantua, feated.on the Po, eight
miles .N of Parma, and 147. s of. Mantua.
Lon, 10 35 & lat. 4m 53.N.
ViaNa,, * town of Spain, in Navarre,
feated near ui¢ Ebro, three miles, n. of
Logronno, and 46 sw, of Pampeluna.
Lon, 2 20 w, lat.42 32N.
VIANA, 3 confiderable town, of Povtu-
gal, in. Entre-Minho-e Douerag; feated. at
the mouth of the Lima, with a good
harbour, defended by.a.fort, 15 miles w
of Braga, and 36 N of Oporto. Lon. &
29,W, lat. 41 39 N. ,
VIANDEN, a town of Auftrian Lux-
emburg, capital of a county of the fame
name. It is divided into two towns, by
the rivec Uren, . fu. the one, is. a caftle,
on, an inacceffible mountain: It. is. 24
miles y. of Luxemburg, and 22, Nw: of
Treves.. Lone6 13:8, lat.49 55.
VIANBN, a town,of the United: Provin«
ces, in Holland, with a caftle.. It wag
taken, in.1672, by, the French, who des
molifhed, the fortifications, It; is; feated
on the Leck, feven, miles s of Utrecht,
Lon. 5 8.£, lat. §2 oN. ,
VIATKAs, @, government of Europeas
VIC
Ruffia, which was formerly a province of are mines of filver and iron,
Kafan. It takes its name from the river of ftone, almoft as fine as m
Viatka, which runs through it.
ViaTKA, a town of European Ruf.
fia, capital of a government of the
fame name, with 2 bithop’s fee, and a
caftle. It was formerly called Khiynof,
and is feated on the river Viatka, 100
miles w of Kafan. Lon. 54 15 £, lat. 57
agN. ,
Vic, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Meurthe and fate province of
Lorrain, feated an the Seille, 12 miles
BNE of Nanci, and 197 £ of Paris. Lon.
6 388, lat.43 47N.
Vic, a town of France, in the de-
partment of the Upper Pyrenees and late
province of Bigorre, fituate on the
Adour, 12 miles n of Tarbes, Lon.o
9 By lat. 43 24.
Vic, a town of Spain, in Catalonia,
with a bifhop’s fee. The cathedral is
adored with a fine portico, fupported by
large pillars; and the market-place is
very {pacious. It is feated in a fertile
lath, on a fmal] river that falls into the
Far, 30 ‘miles N‘of Barcelona, and 265
ene’ of Madrid.’ Lon.2 132, lat. 41
55N.
.« Vie-FEZENSAC, ‘a town of France, in
the departinent of Gers and late province
of Armagnac; feated on the Douze, 15
miles w of Auch. ©
Vic-LE CoMPTE, @ town of France,
in the department’ of the Puy de Dome
and late province'of Auvergne, with a pa-
lace, where formerly the counts of Au.
vergne refided, and about a mile from it
are mineral {prings. ' It is feated near the
Iffoire, +§ miles sz of Clermont, and
230 8 of Paris.’ Lon.3 228, lat. 45
36N,
WICEGRAD, of VIZEGRAD, a ftron
town of Lower Hungary; with a catt
on the top of a rock, where the kings of
Hungary formerly refided. It was taken
from the: Turks, in 1684, by the Auf-
trians. Itis feated on the s fide of the
Danube, eight miles sz of Gran, and
16 Nw of Buda.’ Lon.19 78, lat. 47
SN
. VICENTINO, a territory of Italy, be-
longing to the Verietians ; bounded on the
N by Trentino and Felfrino, on the £ by
Trevifano and Paduatio, ‘on the s by Pa-
duano, and on the w by the Veronefe.
It is 35 miles long and 27 broad, and fo
very pleafant and fertile, that it is called
the garden of Venice. “The wine is ex-
cellent, ard the butter and cheele very
good. Here are alfo’ great numbers of
mulberry-treesy for filkworms; and there
4
VIE
and quarrie
! arble.
* VICENZA, a ftrong and flourithi
town of Italy, the capital of Vicenting
with a bifhop's fee. It is without wall
but is a large place, adorned with feveral
palaces, and has a fine fquare, with
iazzas under the houfes, ere are alio
everal other {quares, and fine churches,
Here js an academy, whole members meet
in the Olympic theatre, a mafterpiece of
workmanfhip by Palladio. It ie feated
between the rivers Bachiglione and Re.
rone, and two mountains, in a fertile
plain, 13 miles Nw of Padua, 31 w of
enice, and 145 N Of Rome. Lon, 1;
43, lat.45 26N.
VicHi, a town of France, in the de-
tment of Allier and fate province of
ourbonnois, famous for the mineral
waters near it. It is feated on the river
Allier, 15 miles se of Gannat, and 180
8. by E of Paris. Lon.3 228, lat. 46
ON.
VICHO, a town of Naples, in Terra
di Lavora, with a bifhop’s fee. It was
almoft ruined by an earthquake in 1694,
and is feated near the bay of Naples, 15
miles. s by E of Naples. Lon. 14 28«,
lat. 40 38 t. ,
VIcOVARO, a town and principality |
of Italy, in the province of Sabina, feated
near the Teverone, eight miles & of
Tivoli, and 40 NE of Rome. Lon.13 $
E, lat. 42 30N. ‘
VICTORIA. See VirToria,
VIDEN, a fortified town of European
Turkey, in Bulgaria, with an arch-
bifhop’s fee. It has been often taken and
retaken by the Turks and Auftrians, and
is feated on the Danube, 88 miles Ne of
Niffa, and 150. se of Belgrade. Lon. 24
27, lat. 44 12 N.
VIENNA, a. city of Germany, capital
of the circle of Auftria, and of the whole
German empire. The city itfelf is not
of great extent, nor.can it be enlarged,
being limited by a very ftrong égttifies.
tion; but it is populous, and contains
60,000 inhabitants. The ftreets, in ge-
neral, ar€ narrow, and the houles high.
Some of the public buildings are magni-
ficent: the chief of them are the Imperial
Palace, the Library, and the Muieum;
the palaces of the princes Lichtenftein,
Eugene, &c. Vienna was ineffectually
befieged by the Turks, in 1589" and
1683. At the latter period, the fiege
was raifed by John Sobieki, king of
Poland, who totally defeated the Turkith
army before the walls of this place. No
houles without the walls are z!lowed to be
puilt nearer to t
fo that there 18
breadth all rou
peautiful and fa
urbs are faid to
tants; but they
in proportion ¢
for many houfe
belonging to t
live during the
cations, {pend t
The cathedral
the fteeple is 4
this church is t
front of which
fity had fevera
when this cit
ard, as the
archducal libr
foreigners, 38
nnd books
Fhe archduca
curiofities of
great-rarities.
on the Danub
naval. ftores,
out to ferve
Turke. Vien
in the wintet
by dreadiul fte
openings of
It is feated
Vienna, or V
50 miles W
Rome, 520°.
‘Paris, and 6
22 E, lat. 48
VIENNE,
town of Fr
Ifere and lat
is. feated on
formerly a
piers remain
dangerous.
capital of
fenate. fh
—, I
foil where
VIE
puilt nearer to the glacis than 600 yards ;
fo that there is a circular field of that
breadth all round the city, which has a
beautiful and falutary effe&t. The fub-
urbs are faid to contain 200,000 inhabi-
tants; but they are not near fo populous,
in proportion to their fize, as the city,
for many houfes have extenfive gardens
belonging to them. Many families who
live during the winter within the © tifi-
cations, {pend the fummer in the fuburbs.
The cathedral is built of freeftone, and
the fteeple is 447 feet high, Joining to
this church is the archbifhop's palace, the
front of which is very fine. The univer-
fity had feveral thoufand ftudents, who,
when this city was befieged, mounted
guard, as they did alfo in 1741. The
archducal library is much frequented by
foreigners, as it contains above 100,000
rinted books, and 10,000 manufcripts.
he archducal treafury, and a cabinet of
curiofities of the houfe of Auftria, are
greatrarities. There is a fort of harbour
on the Danube, where are magazines of
naval ftores, and thips have been fitted
out to ferve on that river againft the
‘Turké, Vienna is an archbifhop’s fee ; and
2
aT PO 7 eee
=i eos
Boraeni
A in the winter feafon is frequently vifited
by dreadful ftorms, which ruth through the
y openings of the neighbouring mountains.
“ It is feated at the place where the river
of Vienna, or. Wien, falls into the Danube,
$ 0 miles w of Prefburg, 350 NNE of
Rome, 520 se of Amfterdam, 565 £ of
Paris, and 680 ESE of London. Lon. 16
n 22 £, lat.48 16N.
= VIENNE, an ancient and confiderable
dj town of France, in the department of
yj Ifere and late province of Dauphiny. It
f is. feated on the Rhone, over which it had
t formerly a bridge, of which only fome
piers remain, that render the navigation
| J dangerous. Under the Romans it was the
a capital of a colony, and the feat of a
D4 fenate. In the fitth century, the Bur-
» | undians made it the capital of their
. Cinpéam. Its commerce confifts in wines,
filk, and {word-blades, which laft are
highly efteemed. Before the revolution,
it was the fee of an archbithop. The'ca-
thedra]l is a handfome Gothic ftruéture.
In 1411, a general council was held here,
at which pope Clement v prefided, and
Philip the Fair of France, Edward 11 of
England, and James 1 of Arragon,
affifted. This council is famous for the
fuppreffion of the order of the Knights
Templars of Jerufalem. Near Vienne,
on the banks of the Rhone, are produced
the excellent wines of Cote-Rotie, in a
foil where the grape, as the name imports,
VIG
is almoft parched up by the fun; and, a
little further, are grow. the famous her-
mitage wines, fo called, becaufe a hermit
had his grotto there. Vienne is 15 miles
8 of Lyons, and 265 sz of Paris. Lon.
4 SSE, lat.45 31N. ,
VIENNE, 4 department of France,
formed of part of the late province of
Poitou. It takes its name from a river
which rifes in the department of Correze,
and falls into the Loire between Chinon
and Saumur. Poitiers is the capital.
Vienne, Upper, a department of
France, comprifing the late province of
Limofin. Limoges ‘is the capital.
VIERARDEN, a town of Germany, in
the marche of Brandenburg, feated on
the Vefle, near its confluence with the
Oder.
VIERZON, an ancient town of France,
in the department of Cher and late pro-
vince of Berry, famous for its forges.
It is feated on the Cher and Yevre, in the
moft fertile part of the department, 17
miles Nw of Bourges; and too sw of
Paris. Lon.2 108, lat. 47 12N.
ViesTi, a townof Naples, in Capita-
nata, with an archbifhop’s fee, It is
seated on the gulf of Venice, in the place
called the Spur of ‘he Boot, and at the
foot of Moun* Garden, 25 miles ne of
Manfredonia and 117 of Naples. Lon.
16 40 £, lat.41 51 N.
ViIGAN, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Gard and late province of
Languedoc, 25 miles w of Alais, and 25
Nw of Nifimes.
VIGEVANO, a town of Italy, in the
duchy of Milan, capital of the Vige-
venaico, with a bithop’s fee, and a
{trong caftle on arock. It was formerly
the refidence of the dukes of Milan, but
is now fubje&t, with its territory, to the
king of Sardinia. It is feated near the
Telino, 12 miles sz of Novara, and 15
sw of Milan. Lon.8 548, lat.45 22 N.
VIGNAMONT, a town cf the Nether-
lands, in the bithopric of Liege, two miles
Nof Huy. Lon. 5 22£, lat. 50 34.N.
Vico, a town of Spain, in Galicia,
furrounded by a wall, with four baftions.
It has a good harbour, remarkable tor a
feafight, in 1702, between the Englith
and Dutch fleets, and a fquadron of
French men of war, with 13 Spanith
alleons under their convoy. The Eng-
ith took four prliaves and five men of
war; the Dutch, five galleons and one
man of war; fourteen men of war and
four galleons were deftroyed. While this
was pay vm the duke of Ormond,
with fome land forces, drove the Spani-
VIL VIL
Is from the caftle which defended: the miles.sz of Salamanca. Long 34
rbour.. Vigo is seated on a bay of the lat.40 26.N. , 4
fame name, in the Atlantic, eight miles VILLA-FRANGA-DE+PANADES, a town
w of Redondclla, and, 260 wnw of of Spain, in Catalonia. Jt is furrounded
Madrid. .Len.3 28. w, lat,.4a14N. by walls, and. feated near the Mediterra.
_ViHrERS, a town of France, ix the nean, 13 miles w of Barcelona, and 29
department, of. Maine and late proyince of Nx of Tarragona, Lone1 555; lat. 41
Anjau, feated on a lake, 20 miles 5 of 26N.
¥3,, aad 362. ¢w of Paris. Lon.o VinLA-HERMOSA, @ town of Spain, in
ag.W, lat. 47 8M. Valencia, near the river Millasy 52 miles
VEBAINE, a. river of France, which mw of Valencia.
sifes in the department of Maine, waters VIL} A-HEXMOSA, a town of New
Witré and Rennes, divides the department Spain, in the province of Tabatco, feated
of Morbihan. from that of Lower Loire, on the river Tabateo, go miles s of the
and enters -he bay of Bifcay, below Roche bay of Campeachy,-and 50 NE of Chiapa,
Bernard, When fir Edward Hawke de- Lon. 94 5 Wy, lat. 17 4§N-
feated the French Meet, in 37 59s feveral ViLLa-Nov.ay a town of Portugal, in
of theix men. of war took fhelterin this the province of Entre-Douero-e-Minho,
river, in which they were obliged to.lie {eated on the river}Douero, oppofite Oporto
feveral months. (on which, it depends) and defended by
* VitLa-ARAGONESE, a town of Sandi: feveral forts,
nia, 17 miles Nx of Saffasi. Lon. 8.s0 |. Vitua-Nuova-p’Asti, a town of
£, lat.40 56N. . .. .! Piedmont, in the county of Afi, 10 miles
Viti a-BouiM,'a town of Portugal, in g.of Turin. Lon.7 598, lat.4§ son.
Alentejo, x0 miles. sw of Elvas. ViLLa-Panpa; a town of Spain, in
VILLA-DEL-hgy, atownof Spain, in Leon, with. am arfenal, anda palace be.
Eftramadura, on, the frontiers. of Portugal, longing to.the conftable of Caftile. It is
aay a the allies. in 1706. It is feated 26 miles w of ‘Toro: Lone 5 ow, lat.
on. uadiana, »7 miles Nw of Badae 42 5N. 9. 5
joz- Lon. 7 10:W,, lat. 38.43. ‘VitLa-REALs a town of Portugal, in
ViLL4- DO-CoNnDs#, a feaport of Pors the provinee of Fra-los-Montes, and ca-
tngal, in the province of Entre-Dowero-e+ pital of Comarca, It: is feated at the
Minho, at the mouth of the Ava, 20 confluence of: the Corge and Ribera, 15
miles E of Barcelos, and, 20 MW of mites NE of Lamego, andigs sz of Braga,
Oporto. Near it is an ancient, aquedudt, Lon. 7 20 wy lat. gr 9 N. |
Lon..8 23.Wy lat.45 14. yerecan VILLA-RBAL,i a. town of Spain, in the
ViLLa-vv-Horvra, the capital of the province of Valencia, 26:miles.n of Va.
iland of Fayal, ane. of the Azores,’ It lencia. Loniio2ox; lat. 39 46.N.
is feated: on the w. coalt, and has a:hais ViLLA-R46 Ay a feaport of New Spain,
bour, landlocked. on every fide except the in the audience of Mexico and | province
& and. Nz, andidefended. by feveral-torte, of ‘Tlafcalay feated om the gui‘iof Mexico,
Lon. 23 36 w, lat, 38 32 N. > +9: gooimiles B of Mexico. Lom 97.15 w,
VILLA-FLOB, % town, of Portugaly in Jat. 19.20 Nx St it
the province of Tra-los-Montes, feated | ViLLs-Rica, atown of, Chili, feated
on a siver that falls, into. the, Douero. on the lake Malabaugen, 62 miles from
it. is. 40 miles £.af Villa Real. the Pacific Oceam Brecon 41 Wy lat.
" VibLa-FRANCA, a feaport. of Italy, 39156.
jn the county of Nice, with a caftle and | VinLa-Viciosa, a fortified town of
sort. In 1744, it was taken by, the Portugal, in Alentejos with an old: cattle,
French and Spaniards, but, reitored; and and a palace, where the dukes. of Bra-
was again.taken by the French,,ia.1799, ganza formerly refed. Jn the fuburb
tis t miles, E of Nice. Lon, 7255) 16 ai aticient temple, originally built to
Jats.43.42 Ne ‘4 the honour: of: Proferpine,.- Fhe foil about
Vitia-FRANGA, 2 town of- Italy, in this towm is: extvemely fertile, and: there
the. Veronefe, with- a, fill, manufagtuwe, are: quarries! ef fine! green: marble, Tk
to. miles s of Verona Lon, 11. 14:8) fttained a famous:fiege! againtt. the Spa-
lat. 4.5, 36.6 | piards, im 26673: whieh occafioned a. bat-
., VILL AsRRANCA,. the capital of the tleim ai neighbouring: plain;. the event of
ifland.af St, Michael, one of the Azores, whieh placed! the erdwin of Postugal on the
KOn..% 9 35 Ws. lat, 39) 50:Ne -». headhot. the dulee of| Biaganza.. It is 16
ViLEA-RRAMCS,. a: tqwni of Spainy in miles'sw of Elvas,, and:3% se.of Litben,
Basamadura,, farcd onthe ‘Tomnes, 94 Lons.7 26 wy lat. 38 36.
WitLa-V
in Afturia d
Bifcay, 22
24W> lat.
VILLa-V
New Caftile
cena |
niards un
though the
from want
to leave to t
tages of a
cordingly,
Villa-Vicio
and 49 NE
VILLAC,
duchy of
bvifhop of J
carries on
tians ; and
litz. It is
Drave and
tains, 12
$3 ne of
go N.
VILLE
the-depar
province
of Avrand
Zon. 1 3
VILLE
in the de
and late p
rounded
Morgon,
233 5 by
45. 59N-
VILLE
France, |
Pyrenees
with a ¢:
ing. mou
feated at
aiver Te
goo § °
2g5N:
Virb.
im the |
\
VIL
ViLLa-Vicrosa, a feaport of Spain,
in Alfturia d'Oviedo, feated on the bay of:
Bifcay, 22 miles nz of Oviedo. Lon.
5 24W, lat. 43 22 N.
VILLA-Vic10s A, a town of Spain, in.
New Caftile. Here, in 1710, gene
Staremberg defeated the French and Spa-
niards under the duke of Vendome, al-
though they were twice his number; but,
from want of provifions, ke was obliged
8 leave to the vanquifhed all the advan-
tages of a complete victory, which, ac-
cordingly, they aitribed to themfelves.
Villa-Viciofa is fix miles née of Brihuvega,
and 49 NE of Madrid.
VILLac, a town of Germany, in the
duchy of Carinthia, belonging to the
bifhop of Bamberg, with a cattle, It
cacries on a great trade with the Vene-
tians ;' and near it are the baths of Top-
litz. It is feated at the confluence of the
Drave and Geil, furrounded by moun-
tains, 12 miles sw of Clagenfurt, and
$8 we of Brixen. Lon. 14 3, lat. 46
go N. ,
VILLE Dieu, a town of France, in
the-department of the Channel and late
province of Normandy, 12° miles NNE
ef Avranches, and 18°sf of Coutances.
Lon. 1 8 w, lat. 48 52.
VILLE-FRANCHE, a town of France,
in the department of Rhone and Loire
and late province of Lyonois. It is fur-
rounded by walls, . and feated on the
Morgon, 13 miles Nw ,of Lyons, and
233 8 by of Paris. Lon.4 51 £, lat.
#559 N. :
ViLLE-FRANCHE, a ftrong town of
France, in the department of the Eaftern
Pyrenees and late province of Rouflillon,
with a ca(tle. In one of the neighbour-
ing: mountains is a curicus cavern. It is
feated at the foot of the Pyrenees, on the
aiver Tet, 22 miles Ne of Puycerda, and
300 8 of Paris. Lon.2 258, lat.42
ZgN.
VrbLe-FRANCHE, a town of France,
im the department of Aveiron and late
province of Rouergue. It has a great
tradein linen cloth, and is feated on the
Aveiron, +8 miles w of Rodez, and 260
_§ of Pacis: Lon. 2 30 £, lat. 44 240.
Vinie-Jutve, a town of France, four
miles’ s of Paris.
VittemUR, a town of France, in the
depastment of Upper Garonne and late
‘ovince of Languedoc, feated on the
x2 miles NNE of Touloute.
WinL@na, 2 town of Spsin, in the
VIN
VILLENEUVE, a town of France, in
the department of ‘Lot and Garonne and
late province’ of Guténneé, feated on the
river Lot, 17 miles n of Agen,
VILLENEUVE, a town of France, in
the department of Gard and late pro-
vince of Languedoc,’ 23 miies nw of
Nitmes.
VILLENEUVE-DE BERG, a town of
France, in the department of Ardeche and
late province of Dauphiny, 10 miles nw
of Viviers.
ViLLERS COTERETS, a town of
France, in the department of Oife and
late province of the Ifle of France, with
a caftle, 10 miles se of Compiegne.
Lon. 3 12 £, lat. 49 14.N.
VILLINGEN, a town of Suabia, in the
Brifgaw, feated in the Black Foreft, be-
tween the fources of the Danube and
Neckar, 38 miles & by s of Friburg,
Lon. 8 378, lat. 48 8N.
VILVORDE, a town of Auftrian Bra-
bant, feated on the canal from Bruilels to
the Scheld, feven miles Ne of Bruilels:
Lon. 4 31 £, lat. 50 s6N. :
Vincent, Cape Sr. the moft fouth-
ern promontory of Portugal, 25 miles w
by s of Cape Lagos. Lon.g ow, lat.
36 44.N.
VINCENT, St. one of the Windward
Caribbee. Iflands, in the W Indies, ss
miles. w of Barbadoes. It is inhabited
by Caribs, a warlike race, between whom
and the aborigines of the larger iflands
there is a manifeft diftintion. Dr. Ro-
bertfon conjegtures that they were origi-
nally a colony from N America; their
fierce manners approaching nearer to thofe
of the original natives of that continent
than they do to thofe of S America, and
their language alfo having fome atffinit
»to that {poken in Florida: In- their
wars, they preferve their ancient praétice
of dettroying alf the males, and preferving
the women either for fervitude or for
breeding. St. Vincent was long a neutral
ifland; but, at the peace of 1763, the
French agreed that the right to it Mould
be vefted in the Englith. ‘The latter, foon
after, atthe inftance of fome rapacious
planters, engaged in an unjuft war againit
the Caribs, on the windward fide of the
ifland, who were obliged to confent toa
peace, by which they ceded @ large’ tra&
of valuable lahd tothe crown. Thé con-
fequence of this was, that in the next
war, in 1779, they ‘greatly. contributed
to the redution ‘of this iffand by the
vince, of Murcia, 55 miles nw of Fiench, who, however, reftored it ip
umeit, and r75s2 of Madrid, Lon, o
49 Wy’ lat, 3% 40 8, iS
1785. ‘In 1795, tHe French landed fome’
troops, and again ‘itftigaced the Caribs*
VIR VIS
to an infurre&tion, which was not fubdued and is defended by a fort fituate in lon.
till June 1796. St. Vincent is 24 miles 64 ow, lat.18 18N.
in length, and 28 in breadth. It isex- | ViRGIN IsLANpDs, about 30 illands
tremely fruitful, being a black mould and keys, in the W Indies, between St.
upon a ftrong loam, the moit proper for
the raifing of fugar; and indigo thrives Caribbee Iflands.
here ‘remarkably well. Here is alfo a
botanical garden, in which the bread-
trees, brought ‘from Otaheite, are now
in a flourifhing condition. Lon.61 ow,
lat. 13 ON.
ari They were called Las
Virgines by the Spaniards, in honour of
the 11,000 virgins of the legend. The
are poflefled by the Englifir and Danes
In the firft divifion, belonging to the
Englih, is Tortola, the principal, to
VINCENT, ST. one of the Cape Verd which belongs Joft Van Dyke's and Little
Iflands, on the coaft of Africa. It is Van Dyke’s, Guana Ifle, with Beef and
uninhabited ; but on the Nw fide of it Thatch Ilands. In the fecond' divifion
is a good bay, where fhips may wood and is Virgin Gorda, to which belong Ane.
water, and wild goats may be thot. It pads, or Drowned Iflc, Nicker, Prickly
is faid that more turtle is caught near Pear, and Mufkito Iflands, the Comma.
this ifland than round all the reft, andthat noes, Scrub and Dog Iflands, the Fallen
it abounds vyicn faltpetre. City (two rocky iflets, clofe together, at a
VINCENT, ST. a province of Brafil, diftance refembling rwins),the Round
extending along the coaft of the Atlantic, Rock, Ginger, Covper’s, Salt Ifand,
from the province of Rio Janeirointhe Peter's Ifland, and the Dead Chett. Of
NE, to that of Del Rey in the 8s. The the Danith divifion, the principal iflaads
capital, of the fame name, has a good are St. Thomas and St. John. Lon. from
harbour. Lon. 46 30 w, lat.24 15s. 63 45 to 64 55 W, lat. from 17: 10 to
VINCENT, ST..a town of Spain, in. 18 30 .N.
Old Caftile, with a caftle. : It is feated |= VirGinia, one of the United States of
on a hill, near the river Ebro, 138 miles America, bounded on the s by N Caro-
NE Of Madrid. Lon. 240 Ww, lat.42 30N. lina and Tenaffee, on the w by the river
Vincorua, a Dutch fettlement in the Miffiffippi, on the n by Pennfylvania and
penton of Hindooftan, on the coaft of the river Ohio, and on the £ by the At-
oncan, a little N of Goa. Lon.73 22 lantic Ocean. It is 758 miles in length,
E, lat.15 57N. and 224 inbreadth. The principal rivers
VincoRLA Rocks, rocks lying about are Janes, York, Rappahannoc, and Po.
feven miles from the coaft of Concan, in tomac, which are full of convenient har-
the peninfula of Hindooftan, and 10 miles bours; and there are alfo many {mall
ssw of the ifland of Melundy; or Sun- rivers, fome of which are capable of re.
derdoo. They are poifefled by the Mal- ceiving the largeft merchant thips. The
waans, a piratical tribe. Lon. 73 16 w, climate is various.. The land toward the
lat. 15 52N. mouth of the rivers is generally low, and
VINTIMIGLIA, an-ancient town of fit for rice, hemp, and India. corm,
Italy, in the republic of Genoa, with a though at prefent ftocked with many forts
bifhop’s fee, a {mall harbour, and a {trong of trees, from 30 to 70 feet high. The
‘caftle on ahigh rock. It has been often land higher up the rivers is generally
taken and retaken, and is feated on the level, and watered with fprings; but
Mediterranean, at the mouth of the Rotta, there are here and there fome {mall hills.
20 miles ENE of Nice, and 70 sw of That near the fea is generally fandy, and
Genoa. Lon. 7 37 £, lat. 43 ©2N. - without ftones, for which reafon the horfes
VirE, aconfiderable town of France, are feldom fhod. The richeft lands lie
in the department of* Calvados and late near the branches of the. rivers, and
province of Normandy, ‘with feveral ma- abound with various forts of timber, fur-
nufaétures of coarfe woollen cloths. It prifingly large. The principal produce
is feated on the, Vire, 30 miles sz of 1s tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn; but
Coutances, and 150 w of Paris. Lon.o the culture of tobacco has confiderably
45 W, lat. 48 48N. : declined in favour of that of wheat.. Vir-
Vircin Cape, a cape of Patagonia, ginia is divided into 74 counties; and.
Lon. 67 54.w, lat. 52 235. . the capital is Richmond.
Vircin Gorpa, Great Vircin, or VIRTON, 2 town of Auftrian Luxem-
Spanish Town, one of the Virgin
burg, 22 miles w of Luxemburg... Lon.
Iflands, in the W Indies. It has two
cod harbours, with fome other iflands
depending on it (fee Vinoin IsLanps)
541 E, lat.49 36N.
VisET, a town of the Netherlands, in
the bifhopric of Liege, feated ; om, the
Maefe, feven
Juan de Puerto Rico and the Leeward —
E, lat. 50
WISHNEI-V
Ruffia, in th
one of the im
by Catherine
by uniting t
coneite “the
the Caipian a
habitants, ra
flaves to tha
awakened to
advantages.
regular {treets
wocd, except
by the late-c
belonging to
en the river 4
Lon. 35 O£>
VISIAPOU
fiderable city
once the cap
the fame na
Poonah Mah
of Foonah, a
75.19 B» lat
VIsOGOR
Mafovia, W
Viftula, 5°
Uist, No
of the Hebr
land; each
of confidera
VISTUL/
in Mount |
Silefia and -
Pruffia, an
the Baltic,
VITERB'
in the pat
bifhop’s fee
ants, 16 p
laces and {
fo hot, the
flefth. It
tain, from
Rome and
feen; the
miles. I
35 Nn by |
42 25N-
VITRE
partment
vince of |
cloth, aa
is feated
Rennes,
113W,
ITR
one mile
former}
burnt (a
VIT
Maele, feven miles N of Liege.. Lon. 5
AOE, lat. 50 44N. ,
VISHNEI-VOLOTCHOK, a town of
Ruffa, in the vernment of Tver,
one of the imperial villages entranchifed
by Catherine 1. It has a canal, which,
by uniting the Tverza and the Matta,
connects the inland navigation between
the Caipian and the Baltic; and the in-
habitants, raifed from the fituation of
flaves to that of freemen, feem to be
awakened to a fenfe of their commercial
advantages. The tov is divided into
regular ftreets. All the buildings are of
wocd, except the court of juftice ereéted
by the late empreis, and four brick houses
belonging to'a rich burgher. It is feated
on the river Zua, 50 miles NW of Tver.
Lon. 35 o£, Jat. 57 23.N.
VISIAPOUR, or BEJAPOUR, 4a con-.
fiderable city of the Deccan of Hindooftan,
once the cap.tal of a large “ingdom of
the fame name, ‘but now fubject to the
Poonah Mahrattas. It is 136 miles sz
I of Poonah, and 234 Sz of Bombay. Lon.
75198, lat.17 26N. .
f VISOGOROD, a town of Poland, in
Mafovia, with a caftle, feated on the
Viftula, 50 miles Nw of Warlaw.
i Uist, NoRTH and SouTH, two iflands
of the Hebrides, on the w coatt of Scot.
land; each about 20 miles in length, and
; of confiderable breadth,
VisTULA, a large river, which rifes
in Mount Crapach, on the confines of
| Silefia and Hungary, croffes Poland and
. Pruffia, and falls by three mouths into
the Baltic, below Dantzic.
ViITERBO, an ancient town of Italy,
in the patrimony, of St. Peter, with a
bithop’s fee. It contains 10,000 inhabit-
ants, 16 parifh-churches, and many pa-
laces and fountains. Near it is a {pring,
fo hot, that it will boil an egg, and even
flefh. It is feated at the foot of a moun-
tain, from the top of which, the city of
Rome and the Mediterranean Sea may be
feen; the latter at the diftance of near 50
miles. It is 20 miles se of Orvieto, and
35 N by woof Rome. Lon. 12 26.8, lat,
42 25N.
ViTRE, a town of France, in the de-
partment of [fle and Vilaine and late pro-
vince of Bretagne. It has a trade in linen
cloth, aad knit ftockings and gloves. It
is feated on the Vilaine, 20 miles NE of
: Rennes, and 52 sz of St. Malo. Lon.
1 13W, lat.48 14.
ITRI-LE-BRULE, 2 village of France,
one mile from Vitri-le-Francois. It was
formerly a confiderable town, but was
burnt (a; its name imports) by Lewis vir.
ULI
ViTRI-LE-FRaNcOISs, a -confiderable
town of France, in the tment of
Marne and late’ province of Champagne.
It is well built, though the houses are
of wood; and there is a fine fquare, in
which the church ftands. It has a great
trade, particularly in corn; and is feated
on the Marne, 15 miles sz of Chalons, and
100 Eof Paris. Lon. 4 38 £, lat. 48 44.N.
VITTEAUX, a town of France, in the
department of Coted’Or and late province
of Burgundy, {eated on the river Braine,
among the mountains, where there are
quarries of marble, 12 mileg se of Se-
mur, and 27 w of Dijon. Lon.4 27 8
lat. §7 20 N.
ViTTORiA, or VicTORIA; a confider-
able town of Spain, capital of the pro-
wince of Alava, in Biicay. It is fur-
rounded by double walls, and inthe
principal iquare are the townhoule, two
convents, and a fine fountain. The large
ftreets are bordered with fine trees, which
are a good defence againit the heat of the
fun. It has a ‘great trade in hardware,
particularly in {word-blades, which: are
made here in large quantities. It is
feated at the end of a plain, fertile in
corn and. grapes, 32 miles sz of Bilboa,
and 155 N of Madrid. Lon.2 56 w,
lat. 42 55N.
Vivarals, a late fmall province of
France, part of that of Dauphiny, and
now included in the departmen: of Are
deche.
VIVEROQ, a town of Spain, in Galicia,
feated at the foot of a fteep mountain,
near the river Landrova, whofe mouth
forms a large harbour on the Atlantic, 30
miles Nw of Mondonnedo. Lon. 7 34 Wy
lat.43 SON.
VIVIERS, an ancient towa of Fraace,
in the department of Ardeche and late
province of Dauphiny, with a, bifhop’s
fee. It is feated among rocks (on one of
which the cathedral is built) 0”. the river
Rhone, 20 miles N of Orange, and 70
NE of Montpellier. Lon. 4 46 By lat.44
20 N.
Viza, atown of Turkey in Euro
in Romania, with a Greek archbifhop’s
fee. It is feated at the foot of a mountain,
at the fource of the river Glicenero. »
UKRAINE, an extenfive country of Eu-
rope, lying on the borders of Poland,
Roffia, and Little Tartary. Its nanie
fignifies a frontier. By a treaty between
Ruffia and Poland, in 1693, the latter
remained in poffeffion of the Ukraine, on
the w fide of the Dnieper, which, confti-
tuted a palatinate called 1 Kiofs. while the
E fide was allotted to Rutlia, and, called
ULY
the government of Kiof: but Ruffie hav-
Obtained the Polifh part, ty the tfeaty
Ww
‘partition; i 1753, the whole of the
Ukraine; ‘on both fides of the Dnieper;
Belongs: how to*that formidable power. fh
That patt of the Ukraine, on the w five
éf the Dnieper; is’ but indifferently cul-
tivated’; but that on the & fide, inhabited
by the Coffacs, ‘is in much better condi*
tion. The principal town is Kiof. Sce
ULADISLAW. : See FNOWLADISLAW.
VEIELAND. See Fir.
ULrerseck, a town of Auftrian Bra-
banit, two miles £ of Louvain; and 17 sk
‘of Mechlin. Lon. 4 528, lat. 50 §3N.°
Unierea, one of the Society Ifles, in
the Pacific Oceans Lon. 151 31 W, lat.
1645s. - , :
ULLSWATER, 2 lake of Weftinorland,
20 miles Nef Ambléfide, snd 14. sw of
Peniith. It- is eight ‘miies long, and
abounds with char, and a variety of other
fith:- The navigators of this lake find
much amufement by difeharging guns, or
finall cannon, in certain ftations. The
report is reverberated from rock’ to rock,
promontory; cavern; and hill, with every
variety of found ; now dying away upor
the ear, and-again returning like peals
of thunder, ~ and thus re-echoed fever
times diftingly. .
Um, 2 free imperial city of Suabia,
and the chief of that order in the circle,
where the archives thereof are depofited.
It is fortified; and is feated on the Da-
nube, where it receives the Iller, with a
handfome bridge over the former. Here
is a-good college; and in the cathedral,
which is*.* handfome ftructure, are 63
copper veflels full of water, ready for the
extinguifhing of fire. The inhabitants
are proteftants, and have a goou trade in
linens, fuftians, hardware, and wool.
‘The duke of Bavaria took it in 1702,
by ftratagem; but furrendered it after the
battle of Blenheim, in 1704. It was
taken by the French, in September 1796,
but they were obliged to.abandoned it the
fame month. It is 36 miles w of Augf-
butg, 47 se of Stutgard, and 63 N of
Mutrieh.: Lon. 10 r2 2, lat. 43 25N.
ULMen, a town of Germany, in the
atchbifhopric of Mentz, 30 miles NE of
Treves. Lon.7 88, lat. 50 7N.
ULSTER, a province of Ireland, 116
ttiiles long and roo broad ; bounded on
tha x by the Fri ft Sea, on the w by the
Nostiiern Ocean, on the’ w by the At-
iuntic Ocean, on the ¢ by thé provitice of.
Leinfter; and'on “he sw by that of Con.
-Lancatter, every Sunday, T
UNG
Batm, Foyle, Swilly, Newry-wat
Laggan ; and it abounds with tee
The foil, in general, is fruit k
ful i
and gra(s; ad thei are plenty of horiee’
ep, amd beeves. It contains one
archbifhiopric, fix bithoprics, 10 counties
atid 365 parithes. The principal vi.”
is Lindonderey. pare plat
LTZERY, a town of Lower
in the duchy of Lunenburg, feated oy?
Iimenan, 22 miles s of Lunenburg. Lon
10 38 E, lat.52 §5N. :
LVERSTONE, a town in Lancaih;
with 2 market on Monday. The cane
people call it Oufton, ‘and it is feated rl
the foot of a fwitt defcent of hills to the
SE, hear a fhallow arm of the Irith Sea
It is the port of the diftrié& of F urne(s.
The principal inns are kept by the guides,
who regulafly pafs the fands, to and Poin
uelday, ;
Friday: It is 18 nfiles Nw of Lake
and 267 NNw of London, Lon. 3 12 Ww,
lat. 54. 34.N.". : R
Umay a town of Sweden, in W Both.
nia, feated on the river Uma, in the gulf
of Bothnia. The houfes are built of
wood ; and it was twice burnt by the
Ruilians. It is the refidence of the go-
vernior of W Bothnia, and 280 miles w of
Stockholm, Lon. 19 98; lat.63 58n,
UMAGO, a feaport of Venetian Iftria,
feated between the gulf Largona and the
mouth of the river Qui¢to.
UMBRIATICO, a town of Naples, in
Calabria Citeriore, with a bithop’s’ fee,
though now reduced to a fimall place.
It is feated on the Lipuda, ‘rs miles ‘Nn by
w of St. Severina. Lon. 17 108, lat.
48°29N.
UNDERSWEN, or UNDERSEEN, a hand-
fome town of ‘Swifferland, in the canton
of Bern, near which is the famous cavern
of St. Pat. ‘It is feated on the lake
Thun, 25 miles ssE of Berfi, and 30 sz
of Friburg. Lon. 7 328, lat. 46 32N.
UNDERWALDEN, a canton of Swiffer-
land, the fixth in rank; bounded on the
N by the canton of Lucern and the Lake
of the Fout Cantons; on the & by high
mountains, which ({eparate it from the
canton of Uri; on the s by Mount Bru-
nich, which parts it from the canton of
Bern ; and on the w by that of Lucern,
It takes its name from.a wood, which runs
hearly in the middle of the country, from
N to's. Itis'25 miles long and 17 broad,
and is divided into two parts, chat above
the wood; and that below it, called Ober-
wald and Uiderwald, i Formerly ‘the
whole cariton was under the fame jurif-
aught, ‘The principal “tivers are the diction ; but the inhabitants of the twe
order; Gueld
aftriéts now
have each their.
aflembly, their
of regency; b
affairs, there 1
equally by the
habitants are 1%)
the capital.
name, in an i
It is ftrong fr
mountains of
ot Caffovia.
the bithopric
Germany. T
Utrecht, Frie
ningen. Be
lands of the G
Brabant, Fila
Venlo, Sluys,
(which is lik.
name of Holla
that perfeveri
conquering eve
and fituation.
near! equally
tarally fearce
the poifeffion |
by the ocean,
above. the leve
from . overflov
dikes. Yet
Dutehman h:
feemingly in!
thie richeft {p
‘> populatio
countries, po
productions,
manufacture:
the riches w
beflows; but
Holland, Ia
where:there :
beflefs artift
there is not
mills, where
immenfe qua
country whe
@ent to fupp
ar
ee a
UNI
diftriéts new form two republics, ahd
have each their lands-gemeind, or general
aflembly, their’ landamman, and council
of regency; but with refpect to external
affairs, there is a joint council, chofen
equally by the two divifions. The in-
habitants are Roman catholics. Stantz is
the capital. «
UNGHWAR, 4 town of Upper Hun-
gary, capital of a county otf the fame
name, in an ifland formed by the Ungh.
It is ftrong from its fituation among the
mountains of Crapach, and is 47 miles E
ot Caffovia. Lon, 22 23 8, lat.48 48 N.
Union, the county-town of Fayefte,
_ in Pennfylvania, 11 miles from the Mo-
nongohela. Lon. 79 48 w, lat. 39 54N.
NITBD PROVINCES OF THE NE-
THERLANDS, a republic of Europe, con-
fifting of feven provinces, which extend 1 50
miles from N to s, and 100 from E to w.
They are bounced on the w and wn by the
German Ocean, on the s by Bry.sant and
the bithopric of Liege, and a. the E by
Germany. ‘They rank in the following
order; Guelderland, Holland, Zealand,
Utrecht, Friefland, Overyffel, and Gro-
ningen. Befide thefe provinces, are the
lands of the Generality (including Dutch
Brabant, Flanders, and Limburg) in
which- are the towns of Bois-le-Duc,
Breda, Bergen-op-Zoom, Maeftricht,
Venlo, Sluys, and Hulft. This republic
(which is likewife called by the general
name of Holland) affords a ftriking proof,
that perfevering induftry is capable of
conquering every difadvantage of climate
and fituation. The air and water are
nearly equally. bad; the foil produces na-
turally fearce any thing but turf; and
the poffeffion of this very foil is diiputed
by the oceans which, rifling confiderably
above the level of the dand, ig prevented
from overflowing it, only by expenfive
dikes. Yet the labours of the patient
Dutehman have rendered this {mall and
feemingly infignificant territory one of
tlie richeft {pots in Europe, with refpec
*> population and property. In’ other
countries, pofleffed of a variety of natural
productions, it is. not. .furprifing to find
manufacturers employed in dugmentin
the riches which the bounty of the {oil
beflows; but to fee, in a country like
Holland,. large’. woollen ‘ manufactures,
where-there are..fcarce any flocks ; num:
betlefs artifts employed in metals, where
there is not a mine; thoufands of faw-
mills, where there is fearce a wood ;, an
immenfe quantity of corn exported from a
country where there is not agriculture fuffi«
@ent to fupport one half of its inhabitants;
UNI
i¢ what tuft firike every attentive ol
ferver with admiration. Among the mo
valuable natural produétions of the United
Provinces may be reckoned their excellent
cattle; and large quantities of madder
are exported, chiefly cyltivated in Zea-
land. The moft confiderable revenue
arifes from the fifheries; but thefe are not
fo confiderable as formerly. The number
of vefiels employed in the herring fithery,
in particular, is reduced from upward of
2000 to leis than 200; and yet it main-
tains, even now, no lefs than 20,000 peo-=
ple. About 100 veffels are employed in
the Greepland fithery, and 140 in the cod
fithery near the Dogger bank, and near
the coaft of Holland. The Dutch were
formerly in poffeifion of the carrying trade
of almoft all other trading nations; and
were alio the bankers for all Europes
But theie advantages did not continue to
be fo lucrative, when the other European
"nations began to open their eyes fo far as
to employ their own fhipping in their
trade, and to eftablifh banks of their own.
The Dutch trade, however, is {till im:
menie. In confequence of their vaft opu- .
lence, they ftill regulate the’exchange for
all Europe, and their country is; as it
were, the univerfal warehoufe of the
commodities of every quarter of the
globe. Among the monopolies of their
E India Company, the {pice . trade. ’s
the moft valuable ; comprehending cloves,
mace, nutmegs, and cinnamon. ‘Their
Afiatic poffefiions are the coatts of the
“ifland of Java, the capital of which is
Batavia, the feat of the governor general of
alltheir Eatt India fettlements ; tome fettles
ments on the coafts of Sumatra, Malabar,
and Coromandel; the greatelt part of the .
Moluccas or Spice Iflands ; fettlements of
factories in the ifland of Celebes, at Sus
rat and Petra, and in the gulf of Perfia;
with Colombo, Trincomale, &c. in Cey-
lon. In Atrica, the Dutch have the Cape
of’ Good Hope, with feveral. forts and
factories in Guinea; in the W Indies, St.
Buftatia, Saba, ahd Curacoas and in S
America, the colonies of Iffequibo; De~
merary, Surinam, and Berbice. But
they have loft fome of thefe it the prefent
warn. In. the Unixed) Provinces, the in~
land trade is.greatly facilitated by canalss
which crofs the country in every direétion
The number. of thei manutagtures is
aftonifhing. ' Saardam, a village in N
‘Holland, for ihitance, containing 900 wind-,
‘mills 5 namely, cornmills, faw and paper=
mills, mills for the making of white lead,
fc, Since the. year 1579, the Seven
United Provinces ig be confidered: as
‘s “os
i
|
}
7
UNT
one,political body, united for the prefer-
vation of the whole. In confequence of
the Union (fee NETHERLANDS) the: Seven
Provinces. guaranty each other’s rights ;
they: make war and peace, levy taxes, &c.
in their joint repeckty 4 but as to internal
vernment, eac vince is independent.
hey fend deputies (chofen ont of the
provincial {tates) to the general affembly,
called the ftates-general, which is in-
veited withthe fupreme legillative power
of the confederation. At the head of
this government there has ufpally been a
rince ttadtholder, who-exercifes a confi-
Secu part of the executive power.
After the death of William 11 (the fourth
ftadtholder) in 1667, this office was abo-
hithed by the ftates; but, in 1672, when
Lewis xX1v invaded Holland, the moft
violent. popular’ commotions compelled
thein to repeal the ediét ; to inveft Wil-
liam 111, ~prince of Orange, with the
Office, and to declare it hereditary. .On
his death, in 1702, it was (gain abo-
lithed ; but, in 1745, fome popular.com-
motions compelled the ftates, not. only. to
inveft. William rv, prince of Oyange,
with this office; but agam to declare it
hereditary in his family. There -have
conttantly been two oppofite-pacties in the
ftate ; one of which called the patriots,
or. the Louveftein party, is averfe, and
the other attached to the power of the
ftadtholders. In 1787, a civil war actually
comunenced, and the ftadtholder (William
y;, the prefent prince of Orange) was de-
rived of the office of captain-general;
ut he was reftored, the fame year, by
the interference of Great Britain and
Pruffia. When the whole country, how-
ever, was rapidly overrun by the French,
in January 1795, the. ftadtholder and his
family were compelled to.feek an afylum
in England ; the antieftadtholderjan party,
now triumphant, proceeded to new-model
the government, and, im. particular, to
abolith the ftadtholdemsé¢ y amd the French,
treating the, Dutch
tions: in: the government: of. the’ country,
will..be noticed. more ‘properly when a
general pee fhall:-have.given, to.the dif-
ferent. ftates. of Europe, fome. pfofpects
of permanence is their refpeftive a e-
ments. The Calvinift religion is eftab-
tolerated. Armftefdgmis.the capital ; ‘sue
the. feat. of the: fat ab is at Hague.
ong
United States or ‘America ,
Foes of N America, confifting stigind
ally, in 1783, of thirteen ftates, namely ;,
Maffachutets, New Hampthire, Rhode.
Ifland, Conneticut, New York, New
Jerfey, Pennfylvania, Delaware, Mary. j
land, Virginia, North Carolina, South
Carolina, and Georgia, Only-eleven of
thefe {tates acceded, at firlt, to the new
federal conitjtution, but they were a!ters
ward joined by North Carolina and Rhode
Ifland; and Kentucky, Vermont, and:
Tennaffee, having fince been added to
them, the prefent number of the ftates |
that form this great American republic is
fixteen. Thele ftates long flourifhed as.
provinces of Great Britain; but parlia-
ment attempting to tax them by its fole
authority, without the intervention of
their aflenblies, a civil war enfued; a
consvefs was formed, which, in 1776,
difclaimed all dependence on the mother
country: the French king entered into an
alliance with them in 1778.; the colonies,
powerfully affitted by France, were fuc-
cefstul ; and Great Britain acknowledged /
their independence by.the peace of 1783. |
The federal ‘conftitution of the United
States is now governed by a congre/s,
confilting of a prefident, viceprefident,
ferate, and houfe of reprefentatives. The
reprefentatives cre elected every fecond
year; the fenators are.cholen for fix years,
and the prefident and viceprefident for
four. General Wathington was eleéed
the firft prefident, re-elected in 1792, and,
on his retiring from public affairs, in |
1746, Mr. Adams was eleéted his fuc-
ceffor.
tioned muft be added all the country. to
the Nn of the Ohio, extending from Pennfyl-
vania on the g, the lakes on the N, and
the Miffiffippi on the w, called the
Weftern Territory. The United States
“extend 1250 miles in length from E Flo- ‘
rida to the Nw angle of Nova Scotia;
being ‘fituace. between 31 and 46° w lat.
UNNA, a town of Weftphalia, in. the
county.of Marck, formerly a confiderable : ’
It is feated on a brook |
called Kottelbeck, 10 miles Ng of Dort- |
mund, and 35's of Munfter. Lon. 7 49 |
a £, lat..52 28N. '
' JUNNA,.a river of Turkey in Europe, |
hanfeatic town.
which runs threugh Croatia 3 b
Wihitich’ and ig and ae :
Save
UNsHa, one of the: two provinces of
the, government.of Koftroma, in Ruflia. |
Makarief is the. capital, . feated. on the
tiver Untha, 200 miles. w by's of Kot- |
soma, and 324 swef Mofcow, = + |
3 4
To the fixteen {tates betore men- |
tothe | chantiel, a
to have bees
Unst, the
Jand Iflands, «
Itis eight mil
VOERDEN,
vinces, in Ho
French in 167
on the Rhine
and 20 $ of
lat. 52 GN.
OGHERA,;
in the duchy
Pavia. It |
14 miles ssv
w of Milan
9 N..
Voip, at
pees of N
orrain, feat
name, 10 mil
VOIGTLAI
in the circle ¢
the four circl
nia. It is be
‘ on the Nn by t
on'the w by
Plawen is the
VOKELMA
town of Ger
on the Drayve,
Lon. 14 568,
: VOLANO,
Ferrarefe, fez
at one of the
E of Ferrara.
VOLGA; t
which has its
in the gove
about 80 mi
to be navig
town, and is
by the juncti
broader, dee
By means o
tion is made
Neva, or, i
Cafpian and
fome of the
empire, pa
Nifhnei-Nov
Saratot, enteé
veral mouths
VoLcand
able of the
terranean, |
from whic
i2 miles in
cano, in th
row emits
as all the re
Aerranean &
VOL
Unst, the moft remote of the Shet-
land Iflands, extending 61° N lat.
Itis eight miles long and four broad.
VOERDEN, atown of the United Pro-
vinces, in Holland. It was taken by the
French in 1672 and 3795. It is feated
on the Rhine, 10 miles w of Utrecht,
and 20 s of Amfterdam. Lon. 4 585,
lat. 52 ON.
OGHERA, 2a fortified town of Italy,
in the duchy of Milan and tefritory of
Pavia. It is feated on the Staffora,
14 miles ssw of Pavia, and 30 $s by
w of Milan. Lon. 9 10 8, lat. 44
59. N..
Vor, a town of France,.in the de-
artment of Meurthe and late province of
orrain, feated on a rivulet of the Jame
name, 10 miles from Toul.
VOIGTLAND, 2 territory of Germany,
in the circle of © Saxony, and one of
the four circles of the marquifate of Mil-
nia. It is bounded onthe & by Bohemia,
‘ on the N by the duchy of Altenburg, and
on'the w by Thuringia and Franconia.
Plawen is the capital.
VOKELMARK, or WOLICKMARCK, &
town of Gecmany, in Carinthia, feated
on the Drave, 26 miles se of Clagenfurt.
Lon. 14 56 B, lat. 46°45N.
VOLANO, a feaport of Italy, in the
Ferrarefe, feated on the gulf’ of Vehice,
at one of the mouths of ie Po, 40 miles
E of Ferrara. Lonat2 36 8, lat. 44 52N.
Vouca, the largeft: river in Europe,
which has its fourcs in two {mall lakes,
in the government of Plefkof, in Ruffia,
about 80 miles w of Tver. It begins
to be navigable a few miles above that
town, and is confiderably augmented here
by the junction of the Tverza, which is a
broader, deeper, and more rapid river.
By means of the Tverza, a communica-
tion is made between the Volga and the
Neva, or, in other words, between the
Cafpian and the Baltic. This river waters
fome of the fineft provinces in the: Ruffian
empire, pafles by Yaroflaf, Koftroma,
Nithnei-Novogored, Kafan, Simbirfk, and
Saratot, entering the Cafpian Sea, by fe-
veral mouths, below Aftracan.
VOLCANO, one of the moft eonfider-
able of the Lipari Iflands, in. the Medi-
terranean, lying 8 of the ifland of Lipari,
from which it is feparated by a deep
chantiel, a-mile anda half broad. It is
i2 miles in citcumference, and is a vol-
cano, in the form of a broken cone, but
row emits fineke only. Voltano, as well
as all the reft of thefe iflands, is fuppofed
‘to have been originally the work of fub-
terranean fire. Of.the produftion of this
VOL
ifland, in particular, Faszello, one of the
beft of the Sicilian authors, fays,: that it
happened in the early time of the Roman
nb and is recorded by ‘Pliny and
VOLCANELLO, «& fall voleanic iffead
in the Mediterranean, between that of
Lipari and Voleano.
OLHINIA, a palatinate of Poland;
300 miles long 150 broad; bounded
on the n by Polefia, on the 8 by Kiof, on
the s by Podolia, arid on the w by
Auftrian Poland. It ‘confifts chiefly of
plains watered by a great number’ o
tivers. Lucko isthe capital, © °° *
VOLLENHOVEN, a town of the United
Provinces, in Overyfiel, and capita! of 'a
territory of the fame name, with’ a-caftle.
It is feated on the Zuider-Zee, eight miles
SW of Steenwich, and 12 NW Of Zwol.
Lon. § 428, lat.52 44.N. - ,
VQLo, an ancient town of Turkey in
Europe, in Janna, with a citadel and‘a
fort. It was taken, and almoft’ ruined,
in 1655, by the Venetians. It is feated
on & gulf of the fame name, where there
is a good harbour, 30 miles s8 of Larifh.
Loni 22 598, lat. 39 21 N. ae
VoroBimir, or VLADIMIR, 4 goverti-
ment of Ruffia in Europe, formerly a’ pro-
vince of the government of Mofcow. The
foil is extremely fertile, and in the forefts
are innumerable {warms of bees:
VOLODiMiR, or VLADIMIR, 2 tosvn of
Ruffia, capital of a government of the
fame name, and once the metropolis of the
one It is feated on the Khafma; 110
miles 2 by N of Mo{cow. ;
VoLocpa, formerly the largeft of ‘all
the Ruffian European. governments, coh-
taining the provinces of Vologda, Arch.
angel, and Veliki-Uftiug. ° It is tiow di-
vided into the two provinces of Vologda
and Veliki-Uftiug. It is a marfhy country,
full of foreits, lakes, and rivers, and noted
for its fine wool,
Vo.ocpa, a town of Ruflia, iia pro-
vince of the fame name, and the fee of an
archbifhop. It has.a magnificerit tathe-
dral, feveral churches, a caftle, and a
fortrefs ; and carries on a confiderable
trade. It is feated in a marth, on the
river Vologda, which falls :into the Suk-
hona, 257 miles N by £ of Moftow,
VOLTA, a river of Guinea, which runs
from N to 8, and falls into the Atlantic
Ocean, £ of Acia.
VOLTERRA, an ancient atid tonfider-
able town of ‘Tufcany, in the territory of
Pifa, with a bifhop's fee. It is furrountied
by walls, contains feveral antiquitits, is.
noted for its medicinal waters; and’ is
S$sa
Vou
feated on a mountain, 30 miles sw of Flo-
rence, and 32 SE of Pifa. Lon.10 428,
lat. 43.26 N.
VOLTURNO, a river of Naples,.which
rifes in the Appennines, paffes by Iernia
and Capua, and falls into the gulf of
Gaieta.
VOLTURARA, a town of Naples, in
Capitanata, with a bithop’s fee. It is
feated at the foot of the Appennines, 20
miles w of Lucera, and 52 NE of Naples.
Lon.15 14, lat.43 26N. = /
Votvic, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Puy de Dome and late pro-
vince of Auvergne. Here are immenfe
quarries, formed by:a current of prodi-
gious lavas, which turnith materials for
the buildings of the adjacent towns. The
{culptors have employed no other for the
ftatues in the churches ; and the Auverg-
nian faints (/ays a French writer, before
the late univerial demolition of faints),
have here the colour, which eliewhere. is
iven to the devil. Volvic is two miles
rom Riom. .
Voorn, a fort of Dutch Guelderland,
en an’ ifland formed by the junétion of the
‘Wahal and the Maefe, at the e end of
the Bommel Waert. teen yay
Voorn, an ifland of the United Pro-
vinces, in $ Holland, bétween the mouths
ef the Maefe. Briel is the capital.” —
VOORNLAND, a territory of the United
Provinces, anciently part of Zealand. It
confifts of the iflands of Voorn, Goree,
and Overflackee.
VoRONETZ, a government of European
Ruffia, the capital of which, of the fame
name, is feated on the Voronetz, below its
junétion with the Don, 217 miles s by’ £
of Mofcow.
VoscEs, adepartment of France, in-
cluding that part of Lorrain, which. was
lately a province of the famename. It is
io called from a chain of mountains, co-
vered with wood, that feparates this de-
‘partinent from the departments. of Upper
Saone and Upper Rhine.
VoOU-HOU-HIEN, a city of China, in.
the province of Kiang-nan, and jurifdic-
tion of Tay-ping-tou; the moft confider-
able, in point of riches, in that jurifdic-—
tion. It is 52 miles sw of Tay-ping-
fou.
VOUILLE, 4 village of France, in the
* department of Vienne. Here Clovis gained
abattle, in 507, againft Alaric, king of the
Vifigoths, which extended the Frenclt em-
pire from the Loire to:the Pyrenees. It
. a6 ro miles w of Poitiers, .°% |
Vou-TEHANG-FOU, the capital of the
“province, of .Hou-quang, in Chinas -the :
UPS
t
eamiseess as it hee of all the commer-
clas people in the empire. As
branch iF trade is carried on tere, \¢a
port, feated on the Yang-tie-kiang, is,
always crowded with veitels;
being fometimes covered with them to the
diftance of two leagues. The beautiful
cryftal.found in its mountains,
titul crops of fine tea, and the prodigious
fale of the bamboo paper made here, con. _
tribute no: lets to make it famous than the
continual influx of ftrangers. Its extent
is compared to.that of Paris. Its diftrict
contains one city of the fecond clafs, nine’
of the third, a fortified town, and feveral
fortreffes. It is $75 miles’ s of Pekin. |
Lon. 112 25.8, lat. 30 goN,
OU-TCHBOU-FOU, Or FOU-TCHEOV-:
FOU, a city of China, iin the province of
Kiang-fi, iormerly‘one of the moft beau-
tiful in the empire ;. but, fince ‘the inva- |
fion. of the Tartars, it has been a heap of
ruins, which, however, ‘till convey fome
idea of its ancient magnificence. Its
diftri& contains fix cities of the third |
clafs. Itis25o0 miles s by wof Nanking... |
Lon. 136 45 £, lat. 27 30 N,
UPLAND, a province of Sweden, in the
divifion of Sweden Preper. It is a {ort
of peninfula, bounded on the w by Weit-
mania and Geftticia, on the NE by the.
Baltic, and onthe s by the fea of Suderma-
nia. It is 70 miles-long-and 45 broad, is
populous andi fertile, and has mines of
iron and lead.- Stuckholm.is:the capital.
UeminsTER, a village in Effex, of —
which Dr. Derham, author of Aftro-.
Theology and Phyfico-Theology, was |
rector 54 years; and here is a fpring, —
which he mentions in the latter work, as |
a proof that {prings have their origin from |
the fea, and not from rains and vapours ;
for this fpring, in the greateft droughts, |
was little, if at all, diminithed, after an
obfervation, of ‘20° years; although thé |
ondsiall over the country, and an ad- —
joining brook, had been dry many months.
Upmintter is feated on.a lofty eminence,
15 miles £ by N of ‘London.
UppiNGHaM, a town in'Ruflandfhirs,
‘with amarket on Wednetday. It is feated
on an, eminence, fix miles,s cf Oakham, |
and 90. N by w of.‘London..* Lonio 45
W; lat. 52 36.N..:
Upsata, a town of Sweden, if Upland,
with a famous univerfity, and an arch-
bifhop’s fee: It contains, exclufive of the
ftudents, above 3000‘inhabitants, — It is
divided into: two almoft equal parts by
the river Sala; andthe ftreets' are drawn
at'right angles from a central kind ‘of
fquarey A
the river 3
the plen- +
w of the houfes are built'of |
prick and ftucco
conttructed of t
thape of planks
fame soots are covere
houfe-has its in
Uplala, was for
Sweden, and
ancient palace w
until. great part
fire, in 17062.
Gothic ttructure
times greatly da
repaired: it, cc
the famous. Gr
bifhop of Upfa
and, formerly.
crowned here.
ancient in Swed
in the Nerth
The Royal So
oldeft »lizerary
Here is'a botat
celebrated Li
Upfala is (35:
and 135 .WSW
lat. 59 52.N-
Urron,
with a market
an the Sevem
and 109 WNW
Jat. 54° §9 Na!
URAL, ati
rifes. in..Mou
Orenburg; Ur
three mouths
the next articl
URALISN:
that inhabit th
- burg, oa) the
Cofflace are d
Don; .and;are
fefs the.Greek
{enters from th
the Ruflians
tifts, and VRC
or-Old Beliey
vice of the ef
and haye thei
The Uraliap:
the ancient: r
almof e
ficer having
/ secruits, to O
of; Yaietks. 3
exsited an.
prefled 33 a
. name of Be
tance, route
rebellion. |
defeat and ¢
. hame of Respr,111,,appeared-ameng
URA
ick and ftuccoed; but the generality are
ag of trunks, fmoothed: into the
thape of planks, and painted red.. The
roofs are covered in with turf; and each
houle has its small coyrtyasd or garden.
Uplala, was formenly-,the, metropolis of
Sweden, and the royal sefidence. The.
ancient palace wag a magnificept building,
until great part. of it was confumed by,
fire, in 1762. ‘The. gathedral,: a large
Gothic itructure of brick, hasbeen feyeral
times greatly damaged by-fire, andas often
vepaired:, i contains the monyment of
the famous: Guftavus Vala. The ach
bifhop of ‘Upfala is primate of Sweden;
and, tormerly,, the Swedish monagchs were
crowned here. .The.univeriity ‘is the moft
ancient in Swedeng and is the firit feminary
in the Narth for acadgmical education.
The Mayak Sogiony. eye is imewie oo
oldeft vligerary academy. in) ¢’ North.
Here is\a botanical: cana of which the
celebrated Linné; was Supecintandant.
Upfala is .39,miles nw. of. Stackholnp,
and 335 .wswiof,Abo. Lon.17 4828,
Jat. 2N. ¥. 13%
Lewient @.tewn in Worcefterthire,
with a market.on Thuriday. It is feated
an the Sever, 121 miles 6 of Worcefter,
and 109 WNw of London. Lon.1 55 w,
Jat. 2 p Na yy , te }
Unae aniwer.of Afiatic Ruffia, which
rifes. in..Mount. Caucatus, and water
Orenburg; Uralik, and Gurief, falls; by
three ea into the Cafpian Sea. See
the next article, «=: '
ps bb re a pan Site
that inhabit the Ruffian province of .Oren-
burg, i the ¢ fide.of the Ural. Thefe
Cofface are descended from .thofe of the
Don; and;are.a. valiant. race. They pro-
fefs the Greek religion; but there are dif.
{enters from the eftablifhed religion, whom
the Ruffians called, Raftolaiki, or Separa-
tifts, and who ftyle shemfelves Starover/ti,
or-Old Believers. :; Thefe contider the. fer-
vice of the etablithed. church as profane,
and haye their:own. priefts and ceremonies.
The Uralian Coffacs.are all enthufiatts for
the ancient: ritual, and. prize their Beards
almoft equal to their lives. A Ruffian of-
ficer having ordened. a. number of .Goffac
‘recruits te be publicly fhaved in thetowa
of, Yaieks.in) 179%,. this wanton jafult
exsited an} .infurngétions: which was fup-
prefled fon a time ;,byt, -in 1773, the.im-
poltor, Pugatchef,: having a! red, =
and, taking, advantage of. this. ciroum-
fee rouied thein once more:into open
rebellion. This -heing fupprefied by the
defeat and execution of the impoftus, ih
URG
order to extinguith all remetnbrance of thia
tebellion, the river Yaik was called the
Ural ; the Yaik Coflacs were denominated
ralian Coffacs,; and the town of Yaitik
was named. Uralik. Thefe Coffacs. are
very rich, in contequence of their fitheries
in the Cafpian Sea. Their principal fithw
ery. is for ine.and beluga, whoie roe
fupplies large quantities of caviare; and
the fith, chiefly falted-and dried, a
confiderable article of confumption in: the
Ruffian empise. = arr}
UGALse, a town of Ruffia, in the pro-’
vince of Openburg. It was. former!
called Yaittk. (fee the preceding articley
and is feated.on the river Ural, 375 miles
NNE of Affracan, . Lon. 50 10 B, lat. 52
ON. regu 4 ‘
URANIENBURGH, once a magnificent
caftle of Denmark,.in. the iffand.of Huen.
It,was built by Tycho Brahe, a celebrated
altronomer, who called it Uranienburgh,
ar Caftle of the Heavens, and. here made
his -obfervations. |’ It is now in ruines
Lon. 42.522, lat. §5°54N. 5’ i
Ua pansa; atownof Italy,in the duchy
of Urbino, with a bishop's fee. It was
built by, pope Urban viii, on the river
Metro, 12 miles s af Urbino.’ ,Lén, 42
40 Ey lat.43°34¢N, pene
URBANNA, a town of: Virginia, on the
ive: Rappahannoc, 7 miles Nz of Rich=
Mond. 2) 46 > , ,
Urgino,'s duchy of Italy, in the Ee-
clefiaftical State, bounded on the N by the
gulf of Venice, on the s by Perugino and
Spoletto, on‘the B by Ancona, and on the
w by rina and Romagna.
It is 55
miles in lengt :
and 45 in breadth. The
air is not very wholeforme, nor is the foil
tile. ! ‘ ‘ ¢ 4
, Draino, a town of Italy, capital .of
the duchy of, Urbino, with a citadel, aw
archbifhop’s.fee, and a palace, where the
dukes. formerly refided. Great quantities
of fine earthen ware ‘are made here 5 and it
is famous, for being the bite hes of the
iluftrious painter. Raphael. t waé taken
by the French in June 2796. It is feated
on a mountatn, rape a pe pt
and Foglia; :1$ miles:6 of Rimini, 58 ¢
Plorehge,. id 420, NB ef Rome, .Lon,
42 40:E, lat,43°46Ms ¢ \:
Urncantzy or JuRcawry}’a town of
Afia, . the weg id a Sgt ao
240 miles, B of the Caipjan:Sea, and’70
the lake.Aral. -It wag tormerly:a con:
fiderable place, four miles in ifcumfer.
ence; but ig. now. in ruine, and no:public
dingsremajn. but'a mofque.: ‘Lon: 69
258». lat.ao 58, ated YA sca
Urcet, ah town of Spa'n, ia
$ 3
a ee
USE
Catalonia, capital of a county of the fame
nanie, with a bithop's fee. It is Rated on
fiver Sagra, in a fertile plain, fur-
rounded by-mountains, with vine-
yards, 60 miles w of Perpignen, and 7§
w by. woof Barcelona. Lon. s 448, lat.
ae ; Agar opine
‘gt, the moft fouthern canton of Swif-
ferland, and the fourth in rank. It is
bounded on thei N by the canton of
Schweits and: the Lake of the Four Can-
tons, on the £ by the country of the
Grifons, and the’ canton of Glarus, on
the # by the bailiwics of ‘Italy, and on
@ W by the cantons of Underwalden and
ern, It is 30 miles in length, and 12
in byeadth.. : See ScHWeEIT2. “af
Uri, Lake oF. See WALDSTATTER
BE. :
Uasrrz, St. a town of Swifferland, in
the bithopric. of Bafle, capital of an ee
tenfive and | hagas ‘though hilly baili-
wic.of the mame, ‘in which fteel is
manufadtured with great fuceefs. “The
town is peo pie origin to 4 re
mitage, built: in't at eentt
$t. Unfinins. It: is feated-on the’ Doubs,
ever which:is a ftone bridge, fevén miles
§ of Porentru.. . aa ’
“ Ussec TarTary, @ vaft country of
Welerm Fartary, bounded on the n by
the country of the Kalmude, on the 2 by
Thibet, on the s by Hindooftan, and on
the w hy Perfia and the Cafpian Sea.
Thefe Tartars ‘are divided into’ fevera)
tribes, governed by their refpective khahs,
or princes. “When underohe fovercign,
they. were the moft powerful of ‘all the
Tartarian nations... ‘The ptincipal khais
pride themfelves in beisig’ deleended from
<
‘amerlane, whofe birthplace was the an-.
cient city of Samarcand,’'thig Pos ta-
pital: of the country. ‘The’ U
‘their perfons, ave faid’to have better com-
plexions and more engaging features than and
the: Kalnmacs. »: Their religion is ‘Maho-
metanifin; and they differ, in general;
very: little from the people of the northern
provinces of Hindooftags ©
Uscaria.. See Scoria, ©
Usrpox; ‘an ifland of Pruffian Pome-
rania, at.theimouth of the river Oder, ‘mn
the Baltic Sea, between which and’ the
jfland. of : Wollin, “is a paffage' called the
Swin.;..It. had formerly ‘a ‘eonfiderable
towni of the fame name, which was almeft
reduced'to:athes in ¥473- Lon. 14 328,
latisg Gh. 6 Acti Cie
geen, an snicient town Minos
’ epartment os Correze an ro
‘yince Of Limofin. It is fated on‘a Re
ag
foecs, in
UTR
oreeey rock, at the foot of which
the print miles 32 of L tie
aad 217 3 of Paris. Lon. 478, lat,
SQouanr, on-ifand of F |
» @n- rence, on t
coat of the department’ of Finitterre be
late province of Bretagne, oppolite to
Conquet. It is eight in eircumfer-
ence, and contains feveral hamlets and a
qaftle. Lon. 5 4 Ww, lat. 48 a8 n.
Usxy 8 town in smouththire, with
a market en peer Seated on the river
Uk, 12 miles sw of Monmouth, and 140
w by N of London. Lon.2 56:w, lat.
gt gun.
Usk, a river of S Wales, which rifes
on the w fide of Brecknockthire,’ waters
the town of ‘Brecon, apd entering Mon.
mouthhhire, divides that county into two
unequal ions; palling by Aberga. <i
venny, Uh, Caerleon, and Newport, inte
the Briftol Channel. Ou
‘Ussezp, a town of France, in the de-
dattment of Correze and late: province of
Limofin, 32 miles Ne of Tiles. | Lon. z
15E, lat.45.3aN. ori ee oy
UsTanio, a town of Italy, in the Cre-
monefe,: feated on the ‘river Oglio, 12
miles we of Cremona. | ‘Lonv10 8 8; lat.
45.17. Weabeatans
_ Ustive, a town of Ruffiay in the
vernmient of Voldgda, arid capival-of the
province of Veliki-Utting. | It ‘is feated
on the Sukhotia} 464 miles-nb of Moltow:
Lon. 16 30'p, jatv62°16 Ni 6
UTOXETER, a town im Staffordhhire
with a marke: on Wednelday; the greatelt
in this purt of England,’ for'corn; cattle,
hogs, fheep, butter, andicheefe. tis fated
on a rifih ground, near the river Dove,
3 miles Ng of Stafford, afd 146'NNw of
ondon. Lon. 1 sow; lati 53 10N. -
UtTrecuT, one ‘of the’ United “Pro-
vinees of the Netherlands; °30 miles jong
and 20 broad ; bounded! of ‘the’ w'by the
Zuider-Zee''gnd Holland,on the 'e by
Guelderland, on the 8 by the Rhine,
and on the w by-Molland. ‘The air is
very healthy, the foil ‘fertile, and: there
are'nd intindations to’ fear as inthe ‘other
i by
viNcEs : "
~ ‘Uraecat; a celebpused city of the
United’ Provinges, capital of a’ province
‘of the fame hame, witha femotiewniver-
. Tt is well ‘fortified, ofa iquare
circum, |
ference, ‘Without ite four fibarbe, which —
Phe Reeple Gf ‘the ca. -
and thée:Mandfomet |
inces. 0 ‘There 1s a
rim, and about three miles
are'confidevible.” The
thedrul is very'high,-
in ithe United Provinces. » )
gra nuriber of churches‘‘and hofpitals,
the union. of
was begun in
cluded, in’ 17
minated the w
furrendered to.
to the French
refittance. It
miles sz of #
terdam, and 3
5 8B, lat.52
UTZNACH,
a bailiwic be
Schweitz and |
tirely burnt an
elegantly rebu
the lake of Zi
of that pame.
UXBRIDGE
dle‘ux, witha
Coln run’ thr
over the main
ies
and the ee
aries met,"18;
Near this tor
cient camps:
n of c
ZEN, .
« Uzgna, .
Caltile, cap)
name, with
Cogolludo,
wac
The-environs are full of gerdens, walks,
groves, which, added to the purity
of the air, render Utrecht one of the mo:
sgremobre, peers refidence in thefe
arta, and accordingly a great many peo-
Fie af <di@ingtion refort. hither. Rese
the union of the feven United Provinces
was begun in 15793,and here was con-
cluded, in’ 1713,. the peace.which ter-
minated the wars.of queen Ann. Utresht
furrendered to the, Prufiians ia 1787, and
to the French. in 1795, each time, without
refiftance. It is {cated on the Rhine, 18
miles sz ot Amiterdam, 27 ne of Rot-
terdam, and 35 Nw of Nimeguen., Lon.
5 8B, lat..§2.7 Ne . s pes i
Urznacn, a town of Swifferland, .in
a bailiwic belonging, to, the ¢antons of
Schweitz and Gtarus. , It was,almoft in-
tirely burnt in 176a, but has. fince been
elegantly rebuilt, Itis three miles g trom
the lake of Zuric, and ag 8B of the.city
of that pame. | 4 iy
UxBRIDGE, a corporate town in Mid.
dle‘ux, with.a market on Thurfday. The
Col run’ through it in two ftreams; and
over the main. ftream is a ftone britige.
A, treaty,, was carried on here between
Charles..1 andthe parliament, in 1644;
and the houfe in which the plenipotenti-
aries-met,is Rill. called the Treaty Houle.
Near this town are the remains of an an-
cient camp. Uxbridge.is 15:miles w by
n of London, Lon,.o..23..W, Jat. 53
i 4 LN, pete ., through Guelderland, palfes by Nimeguen,
rej a Uzgpa, a town of Spain, in. New Tiel, Bommel, and, Goreum; and jes ning
tel Caltile, capital of a duchy of the fame the.Maele, pailes hy Rort andRotterdam,
le, name, with a,caftle, It is feated onthe and falls into, the German Ocean, below
ted Cogolludo, 20:miles n; by w cf Alcala, Brick) 5); y ; ‘i
ve, bro or NNE of Madrid, Lon. 3..23.w, . .WAHRKEN, atown of Germany, \in thé
‘of lat, 40.46.N. vyges cals sev > Gughy of Mecklenburg, feated.on the lake
Uzet, a town.of. France, in the'de- Malcho, ro miles sof Malchin,
fo. partment of the North Coatt and late pro- -.WaiGaTs, ftralts between Nova Zems
ng | vince of Bretagne, -17, miles, sw of St. blaand:Ruilia, through whjch the Dutch
he Brieux, | Lon. 2 52.Ws lat.48.16.N. . Heep’ to find a Na page to China,
by | -Uzgs,.a town, of France, in the de. andfailed aa far as.75°-2 lon. in lati za
ney | artment of .Gard ,and. late:province of 25N; 20 rind
i anguedoc, feated inia countryabounding . WAINFLEET, a town in Lincolnthige,
ia in.corm, oil;,filk, and, good wine,.s2 miles with pannenet on Saturday. Itiis deated
> N.ot/Nifmes, and 29 sw of Orange. Lop. near the fea, inia fenny part.of the edna
427-8» lat. 44 O.Ns on on Ye -and-on the river Witham, rg:miled -
he shakes Selircnioneeston si NE of Rofton; aad 130:N hy:z)0f'\London,
ms . : ® oe yey Eanvo a0Ry, lat. 53 10. Vi ced
| Bbictiivs Ww Mover? WAKEFIELD, a'town.in.the w riding
c és sacieaeerigh saw anes of Yorkthire, .with.a market: on Fridayx
fy lh ah ink ot icy Jt has a large church, with 9 lofty cower.
4 7} KE FAAG, a:river of Hungary, which and {pares and another church is neatly
a.) y N) vifes in the: Caspathian mougtaias
ft | ffes by Leopolitadt, and falls into. the
Danube, oppofite,the ifand of Schut.
’
_Wacuovids a.tratt of Jand in. N Ca
WAL
rolina, Gtuate between the rivers Dan and
Yadkin, 10 miles 8 of Pilot Mountain,
in the of Surry. It confilts of
10,000 acres, purchafed by the Moravi«
ans, in 1753, and named by them from an
eftate of count Zinzendor!’s in Auftria,
In. 175§, by an ag ci ye beeen
made® , te parith,. ca bb's
Parith, and it now eaptaine feveral flou-
rifting {ettlements, of which Salem is the
principal, ‘
.. WACHTENDONCK, 4 town of Pruffian
Guelderland, feated in a morais, on the
siver Niersy. five miles s of Gueldres;
Lon. 6 7 Bs lat. 53 23 Ne
WADST&NA, a’ town. of Sweden, in
the provinte of E Gothland, remarkable
for its caltle,, built by Guitayus Vala, in
1544, and inhabited by his fon;Magaus,
who was infane, - It is, feated on the 2
fide’. of. the. lake Wetter, 160 miles
< of Stockholm. Lon. 15 37 x, lat. 53
3B Ne} ; gud i
WAGENINGEN, a townot,Dutch Guels
derland, feated on the Leck, 10. miles
Nw of Nimeguen, Lon. 33.2, late. 52
° N. : “
Wacgria, os WAGERLAND, 2 fertile
territory in the duchy of Holftein, 2q miles
in length, and a5 in breadth. Lubec ig
the capital.
, Wana, a river of the United Pro«
vinges, bying the s. branch fromthe Rhine
below Emmerick. It runs from.g to w
finithed, Here ig.ap ancient fone bridge
ever the Calder, on. which loa
eregted a chapel, in remembrance of thole
whe loft igual the battle neag that
$ 4
WAL
place, in 1460. “It trades in white cloths
and tammics, and: is 28 miles sw of
York, and 184 WNW of'London. ‘Lon.
3a8w, lat. 53 40N-
‘WALacuia, the ancient Daria, a'pro-
vince of Turkey in Europe; bounded on’
the.w by Moldavia and Tranfylvania, on
the.g and s-by the river Danube, #nd on
thew by Trranfylvania, It is 245 miles
long: and 125 -broad, and was ceded to
the Turks by the treaty of Belgrade,
Mm 1739. It abounds in good hories and
cattle, arid there are mines of feveral
kinds... The°(oil is‘capable of producing
ahy thing; and there are good pa(tures,
with wine, oil, and all’ manner of Eufo-
fruits. . The inhabitants are chiefly
of the Greek church. | Tergoviits, or
Tervit, isthe capital. ,
» WALBURGH, 4 town of Suabia, ina
barony of ‘the fame name, 24 miles w'of
Kempten. Lon. 9 50 £5 lat.47 49 N. ”
ALCHEREN, an ifland of the United
Provinces, the principal one of ‘Zealand,
Itis ne m the iflands of N and
S Beveland, bya narrow chantiel;’ and
from Dutch Flanders by the mouth of the
Scheld ; being bounded on the othe= fides
by the German Ocean. : ‘It is nine ‘milés
long aud eight broad, and being low is
fubje& to inundations, but has arable’
and’ ipafture lands.’ The capital of ‘this
ifland, and’ of ‘the-whole provinee, is Mid!
dleburg. r ' fh ow oNTY the! Weta
‘WaLcory wvillege’'in-Lineolnihire,
on the borders'-of. the’ fens;'' within: orie
pel pyr bsere sata At ‘Wasa se i
bing » formerly mi quented: | °'*
Watcoun, a ih the Auftrian
Netherlands; in’ the ‘county ‘of Namur,
between the Meufe and'Sambre-’ In 1615;
it was intirely ‘deftroyed’ by’ fire: The
Frerich attempted to take it in 1589,/but
were’ defeated; and cortipelled to retire,
with'great lois, -by the pritice of Waldeck.
It; is: feated-on ‘the Heure,' 12 miles $ 6f
‘Charleroy,-and 27 sw of Namur. Lon.
@ 908, lat. 5010N." © : Lip ims
WA LDECK, a principality of Germany,
in the circle of the Upper‘Rhine, 30 miles
‘long: and 20-broad4 bounded on thes and
s. by: Hefft-Caffel, and: on’ the-wand \N
by Weftphalia.: Wit sis. a) mountainon’
country; covered with woods; | atd “has
mines! Of :ixons coppery:quickiilver; and
alam. : tol Gal ey) wae e oe buh
‘Waxpeck; a town of Germany, cis
pital ofa principality ofthe ‘fame name;
with-a caftle, feated on the Steinbach, 25
miles wsw of Cafigl. Lon. 948, lat.
5EIONS © BOS 1 co be ah Ti $e
WAL
WALDbEN, or SAFFRON Watnen, a
corporate town in Effex, with a marker:
on Saturday. Jt is’ feated on an afce
among ‘pleafant: fields’ of fatfron, which
is here cultivated. It is governed b a
mayor, has a fine large Gothic eburch
and is 27 miles NNw of Chelmsford, and
42 N byE of London.’ Lon.o 20g, Jat,
$2 4N.
WALDKIRK, a'town of Suabia. ;
Aufrian Brilgaw, and in an ifland formed
by the river Elez, five miles from Fri-
burg. Lon.8 48, re gn.
ALDSCHUT, a {trong town o r
bia,-and one of the four Fore Teen
fubje& to the houfe of Auitria. Tr i,
feated oppofite the~placs where the Aa:
falls into the Rhine, at the entrance of
the Black Foreft, eight miles we of Lauf.
fenburg, and 17 W of Schafhaulen.
Lon. 8 12 £, lat: 47/48 Nn.
<“WALDSTADTE, a name given to the
Swits cantons of Lucern, Uri, Schweitz,
ahd ‘Underwalden. It” fignifies Forept
dns; ‘thefe cantons containing @ great
_mber of’ foreftts. This didhie’ mutt
not’ be'confounded with ‘the Waldftedte,
? psa i eee "ntl ret which ‘are
auffenburg, Wald{chut, Seckin
Rheinfelder, ead a meant "
- WALvstATTeR’ SEE, or LAKE or
THE FOUR CANTONS; ‘one'of the fineft
lakes in Swifferland.’ 'Te confifts of three
pndipee ‘branches; called ‘the Jakes of
ucern, Schweitzy and Usi. The upper
branch, or'lake-of Lucern, 1 in the ‘tom '
of a crofs; the fides of which firetch
frum Kuflnatcht to Dulleriwal, a villa
near Stantz. It’ is bounded toward the
town: by cultivated hilly floping gradually
to the water, centratted on the -oppofite
fide by an enottiidus‘mafs of barren and
craggp'rocks ; ‘Mount’ Pilate, ‘one of ' the
highett mountains’ in Swifferland, rifiig
boldly frontthe Jake.'? ‘Toward the’# oF
this branch, the lake contradts into'@ nar-
row creck; fearcely''a mile acrofss ‘Soon
aftery. it’ ‘again’ ‘widens; and: forms: the
fecond beanch, or lake of Schweitz;: on
the .w fide; the canton’ of Underwalden,
‘on. the gB that of Schweitz.’ Here’ the
mountains are more lofty; and infinitely
varied; fome covered to the very fummits
with vérdure, othéfe’ perpendicular and
craggy i <here forming amphitheatres of
wood ; there jutting into the water in bold
promontories. Near’Brumen, ‘commences
the third branch, er ‘lake of, Uri, which
takesa SE dire€tion. It*is.deep and nar-
row,’ about nine miles long, bordered on
both fides: by rocks uncommonly wild and
leley
inthe M
mery Ney in
Cardiganshire
are now ¢
ferve thein
951 parithes
air is clear
and provifion
Wales is 2
is particular
js watered b
which are
Wales,’
N- Ameri
of ifdudion’
Britain.
WALES,
N America
Hudion's B
tain. See
Bay; and
Wa.es
New Holl
zo 378 lat
of that va
explored ib
& defign®’
hiis'recomt
convicts a
‘being app
fettlement
voyage,”
_ 7875, wh
4m ss
o_o
Py en tgs eo ee a ae
WAL
romantic, with forefts of ‘beech and pine
growing down their fides to the very edge
of My water. ot Ae ’ of
ALES, & principality in the. w
England, 120 miles om and 80 broad ;
bounded on the w by the Irifh Sea, on
the w by that fea and St. George's Chan-
pel, on the s by the Briftol Channel, and
on the g by the counties of Chefter, Sa-
lop, Hereford, and Monmouth. It is’
divided into 12 counties: namely, An-
leley, Carnarvonthire, Denbighihire,
Flintihire, Merionethhire, and Montgo-
merythire, in N Wales; Brecknockthire,
Cardiganfhire, Carmarthenfhire, Glamor-
ganthire, Pembrokethire, and Radnorthire,
in S Wales. It is the country to which
the ancient Britons fled, when Great Bri-
tain was invaded by the Saxons. They
are now called Welfh, and continue to
preferve their own language. | It contains
95% parithes, and 58 market-towns. The
air is clear and fharp, the cattle {mall,
and provifions, in general, good-and cheap.
Wales is a; mountainous country; and
is particularly remarkable for goats. It
is watered by many rivers, the principal of
which are noted) in the different counties,
Wates,.New. Norru, a country of
N. America in>New Britain, lying w
of iludion’s:Bay, and iubje& to Great
Britain, ¢ ‘
Wares, New Sourn, a country of
N: America, in New Britain, lying sw of
Hudion's Bay, and fubje& to Great Bri-
tain. | See Bairain, Nsw; Hupson’s
Bay, and Lasrapor. © |
- Waugs, New South, the g coaft of
New Holland,; extending: from 43 49 to
20 378 lat. being the mands extremities
of that vat ifland. ‘This. coaft was firt
explored by captain Cook, in 17705 and
&@ defign> was formed, in confequence ot
hiis'recommendation, to fettle a colony of
convidts at Botany Bay. Captain Philip
‘being appointed governor ci the intended
fettlement, as weil:as commodore on the
voyage, ‘failed from Portimouth, in May
. 27875 with a detachment:of marines, and
17% convicts,’ of which 220 were women.
arrived at Botany ‘Bay in Januar
'2988 ; but finding this bay very ineligible
for.a colony; he: fixed upon Port Jackfon,
about three leagues:and a half n of Cape
Banks ; andihere a fettlement was ‘begun,
to which he gave the name of Sydney
Cove., For thevfabtequent proceedings
of: the colony; we::muft refer to governor
Philip’s Voyage ‘to: Botany Bay, and:.to
the publications of :captain ‘Tench, and
captain Hunter on the fame fubje&. With
WAL
refpe& to the country, # vait chain of
lotty mountains, lies 60 miles inland,
runs nearly ina N and 8 direétion further
than the eye can reach. The
face ‘of it is pleafing, \diverfified with
gentle rifings and {mall winding vallies,
covered, for the moft part, with large
{preading trees, affording a fucceffion of
leaves in all feafons; and a.variety ot
flowering fhrubs, almoft all intirely ‘new
to. an European, and of exquifite fra:
grance, abound in thofe places which are
tree from trees. Many of the plants have
ners Santa Britain, and are now
ourifhing, not only in che royal en
at Kew, eee in pa ivate “ollettione.
With refpeét to the ‘climate, it appears
not to be diiagreeahle; the heat has never
been ‘exceilive in fummer, nor the cold
intolerable in winter. Storms of thunder
and lightning are frequent; but thefe are
— ve ull, waem shape ete ‘The
quadrupeds are prittcipally of the oppoffum
kind, of which the a remarkable is
the kangaroo. There is allo a fpecies of
dogs very different: from thofe known in
Europe; they are extremely fierce, and
can never be brought tothe fame degree
of familiarity’ 27 thofe which ‘we’ are
acquainted with: fome of them have been
brought to England, but {till retain their
native ferocity. Thefe dogs, which are
the only domettic animal they ‘have, are
called: dinge; but all other quadrupeds,
without exception, they: name kangaroo.
There are many beautiful birds of various
kinds; among which the’ principal area
black {wan, its wings edged with white,
its bill tinged with red; andthe oftrich
or caflowary, which frequently reaches the-
height of .feven:feet or more. Several
kinds of ferpents, large {piders, and {co-
lopendras, have alfo been met with; and
three or four {pecies of ants, particularly
green ants, which:build their nefts upon
trees in a very fimgular manner. There
are likewife many curious fifhes; though
the finny tribe teem not to be forplentiful
on the ‘coaft as: to.give any confijerable
affiftance in the way of provifions for the’
colony : fome very large fharks have been.
feen in Port Jack{on, and two {maller
fpecies. The inhabitanis ofsNew South
ales are reprefented as, perhaps, the
mmok miferable and favage race of men
exifting. ‘They go intirely naked; and,
though pleafed, at firft, with fome orna-
‘ments that. were given them, they foon
threw them away as-ulelefs. ‘It does not
‘appear, however, that they are infenfible
of the benefits of clothing, or of fome.of
ie moa a
WAL W A £
the - esirveniences of swhich: their new of a fruit refernbling the pi e. Th
neighbom's are poftefled.. Some of them, principal: part. of ‘their ‘itbfittees ' "et
whom the. caloniits:partly:clothed, feemed ever, is fith. H
= mgt Be witiithecomfortable. warmth fith ‘from the canoes with ; ears, fome
7 ‘
rivedfiom its.amd they all expre(s times:catch them with hooks, and ali
agreat defire for our iron: tools. Their make ufe of nats, whick are
colour: is rather: a deep chocolate than.a made-of the fibres oft
full-blacks but:the filth withwhich their very. little preparation,
fkin is covered; prevents its.true colour heavy; the lines of .which the
évom . appeasing. » Notwithitanding: their soled
general]
he flax plant, witht
being twifted like whipcord. Some
ditcegard for European finery;theyarefond of them, however, appear to be made of
of adorning their bodics:with jears; fo that: the fur of an animal, and others of cot-
fome of them make a.very.bideousfigure. ton.. The meshes of the nets are made
Sometimes, the fkin.:is raifed deveral of large loops artificially inferted into each
inches fromthe: fleth, and appearé as if other, without any knots: Their hooks
filled with: wind;.and all thele ieem to be are made of the infide of a fhell very much
reckoved: marks of hcnour. Some of sefemblimg mother-of-pearl.. Their ca. _
then perforate the cartilage of the nofe, noes are nothing more than large pieces of
and thruft.a large bone through it, a barktied upat both ends with vines; and,
— kind of ornament, hamoroufly confidering: the flight texture of thefe vef.
called. by the failors their. fprit fail yard, fels, ‘the exterity with which they are
‘Their hair is generally io. much clotted managed, and: the boldnefs. with which
with a red. gum, that they.refemble a mop, they: venture out.to fea in them, is won-
They paint: theméelves with various .co- derful.. “There is‘no good reafon for fup.
lours:. they will-alfo fometimes ornament pofing them»to be. cannibals ;. but they eat
themfelves with .beads and fhells, but animal fubftances. raw,. or. next. ito it,
make no wie of the beautiful feathers of Some-of their vegetablesiare poifonous
their:birds. ..Moit of the men want one when raw, but not fo.whem boiled. They
of: the fore-teeth in:the:upper jaw, which could never be broughtvto.tafte fpirits a
alfo appears'to.be»a badge of honour fecond time. © /Pheirshuts confit of pieces
among them. | It is common for the wo- of bark: laid. together in. the form o: an
men to eut off two joints of the littl oven, open at one end, very low, but long
ager; which, confidering the clumfinefs enough for a manwto. lie sat full length ;
of their amputating infruments, muft be -but they feem.rodepend more: for thelter
a>painful.operation. The New Hol- on the caverns wath which the rocks
Janders appear. extcemely deficient in tue abound.’ Sq tar from being fo.inured: to
aveful: arts. Of: the cultivation of the the cold, by going joveriabliyineekeds as
ground they have. no notion; nor can to be injendble:to the: injuries of: the wea.
they be.prevailed:upon to eat our bread:or ther; the colonifts: had repeated opportu-
«@refled meat.. Hence they depend intirely nities of: feeing them:fhivering: with cold
itex tubfiitence on: the:fruits and roots'they in ‘the..winter,.or! huddling together in
can gather; -and the fith they catch. They heaps.in'their huts, ori caverns, :till a
Srequently fet. fire:to the grafs, in‘order fire could be kindled.to‘warm:them, «It is
‘to drive opt the oppoflums, and other ani- probable, however; notwithitanding. their
amals, trom their retreats; and they:haye extreme barbarifm, that jome knowledge
sheen. obierved to fet decoys for: quails. of..the arts may be introduced among |
As: all thefe.refources mult be, at. beft, them,. as fome have been {een attentively
te it is no.wonder that-they-are confidering the uten{ils and: conveniences
ently diftrefiedi for provifions: Thus, of the:Europeans, witha view, feemingly, .
am the fummer,s they would eat neither of making fimilar improvements, © In
tthe! fhark nor the fting-ray ; but, in-win- fome things alfa they pollefs.a great power
er, any thing was acceptatile.: A young <fimitation: they:can imitate thedongsand
‘whale beire; driven:on fhore, was quickly Janguage of‘the Europeans: almost initan-
-cut in pieces, and carried off: they broiled taneoufly, much better-than.the Jatter can
rit-only long enough to {cor¢h:theouthde; imitate: theirs by long practices andithis
and inthis raw ftate they eat all their fith, talent is difcernable in their: {culptures,
“Phar fometimes bake their provifions, by every. where to.be metiwith on the rocks
‘the help of hot ftones; like the inhabitants thefe reprefent men:and other: animals,
1of the iflands' in the Southern Ocean. and,:though rude, are very furprifing tor
“Among the fruits nfed by them is a kind ‘people who’have not the: knowledge of
vet. wild fig; and they-eat alfo.the kernels conftructing a.comtortable habitation; or
rally lear.
rain se
fenfibility ; {0
greateft famil
have been 1
voices’; and’
They fometimes ttrike the
andiare ftrong and
are-com.—
od na fonal braver
touched.
little giv
with the in
in the Sout
honeft ame
{pears and
in perfect
tye their je
rite great
diftance.
was at nr
numbers n
parifon to
there is re
arts are 1
of the’ go
from'43 4
coaft it €
lon. and ¢
dire&tion,
Pacific:O
Yatitudes:
») Walt
ony; inT
miles SV
lat. 51 §
Wat
inthe ¢:
high ro
Mount
Lon.7~
» WAS
Jand, il
ra
WAL WAL
= of making clothes. In pérfon, they are the inhabitants. ‘This town is feated ‘at’
active; vigorous, and ftout, though ge- the ewnd of a lake of the fame naine,
nerally lean. “The women have: fome- nine miles w of Sargans, and 15 nw of
times been kept back with the moft jealous: Coire. Lon. 9 14.8, 1as.47 tN.
fenfibility ; {ovtetimes offered with the © WALLENsTADT, a lake of Swifferland,
greateft familiarity. Sueh of them’'as 12 miles long and two broad, bounded
have been fee have foft and pleafing by high mountains, except to the g and
voices;' and‘ feem not to be deftitute of w. On the fide of the canton of Glarus,
modefty! The men diiplay great per-’ the mountains are chiefly cultivated; ‘en-
fonal bravery on the appearance of any riched with ‘wood or fine meadows;
danger; but, with all their courage, they . and’ ftudded with churches, cottages, and
are mueh afraid’ of a mutket, and almoft {mall villages; the Alps of Glarus rifing
equally fo of a. ved coat, which they know behind, their tops covered with thow. On
to be the martial drefs of the Europeans. the other fide, tor the moft part, the rocks
The mifchief which they have hitherto are grotefque, craggy, inaccetlible, ‘and
done has been exercifed only on fome perpendicular: but here and there afew
{mall ftraggling convicts, moft‘of whom, cultivated necks of land are formed@ut the
probably; have been the aggreffors. very edge of the lake, and at the bettom
They certainly‘burn their dead ;:which, of theie very rocks ; exhibiting a beauti-
perhape, has given ‘rife''to-the ftory of ful contraft'to the barrenineis above and
their being cannibals. “They feem very ardund them. Numberlefs: waterfalls,
little given to! thieving, im’ comparifon oecafioned by the melting of the {nows,
with the inhabitarts of moft of the iflands’ fall down the fides of the mountains ‘from
in the Southern’ Oceiin 5'and'they are very a very confiderable height, and with ‘an
honcft among themfelves; leaving their almoft ‘inconceivable vari¢ty. Through
{pears and other implements on the beach, this lake'flows the Mat, which, foon after,
in perfect fecurity of their remaining un- joining the Linth, forms the river Limmat.
_ touched. They'are very expert’ at’ throw- WALLINGFOaD, an ‘ancient borough
‘ag their javelins, and:will hit @ tiark, in Berkfhire, with a market on Thurfday
With- great céftainty, at a confiderable ond Saturday. Ir was’ once: furrouhded
diftance. They are more numerous‘than by'a wall, and had an ancient caftle, ‘now:
wis at firft imagined; og Aomeicel demiolithed, and four churches, of which
numbers muft-be accounted few'in.‘com- ofe‘only is now in ufe. It is feated on
parifon to the extent’ of the country; and che ‘Thames, over which’is.a ftone bridge,
there is reafon to believe that the interior 14miles Nw of Reading, and 46 w of
parts are uninhabited. ‘Fhe jurifdigtion London. Lon.1 1 w, lat.'51 36 Nn.
of the governor of New S Wales-extends © WaLikiLL, a river‘of N America.
from'43 49 to ro 37'S lat.’ From the fea» Sec DRownep Lanps. :
coalt it extends wc¢ward as far'as 135° © WaALLoons, a natne forinerly given to
lon. and thence nroceediing’ it anveafterly the inhabitants of a confiderable part of
direétion, inclutles ‘alt the'iffands in the the French and Auttrian Netherlands, as
a Pacific:Ocean' within the above-inentioned Artois, Hainault, Namur, Luxemburg,
is Jatitudes.. re a . and a part of Flanders ‘and Brabant. ~
ar ) W'ALKENRETID; ‘a town of Upper Sax» Watney, an ifland on the coaft of
ye ony, in Thuringia, vated on the Sorge, 20 Lancathire. It-is long and narrow, and
z . miles sw of Helberftadt. ‘Loniar 5£, ferves as'a bulwark to the hundred of Fur-
y lat. 51 53N. (gai nefs, againit the waves of the Irifh Sea.
id ‘WALLEBURD, @.town of Swifferland, = WaPo, a-town of Sclavonia, capital
el ifi the canton of’ Bafle, with a-cdftle on a ofa county of the fame name, with a
n high rock. It is feated at the ‘foot of caftle. It is feated on theriver Walpo, 26
r Mount Jura, 15 miles ‘Ne’ of Soleure. miles w of Effeck,-and 1108 of Buda.
1 Lon:7-35 8, lat. 47 22N. » * Gon. 19 228, lat.4s 35 N. Nokoa
P WALLENSTADT, a town of Swiffer-. WALSALL, 2 corporate town in Staf-
d Jand, in the canton of Appenzel ; incor- fordthire, with a market on Tuefday and
porated into the bailiwic of Sargans, but Friday, -dt has feveral' manufaétures in
) enjoying many diftinst ‘privileges. -Itde- iron; fuch’ as-nails, bridiebits, ftirrups,
rives its exiftence fir « the paffa ‘of the fpurs, buckles, &c. and is governed bj
merchandife tran{potted ‘from Germany, a mayor. ‘It is feated on the fide c. avhil
‘through the country of ‘the Grifons, to 15 miles $ of Stafford, and 116 Nw of
Italy. ‘This'communication occafions the London. Lon.t 56 w, lat. 52 46.
frequent refort of Italian merchants; and © Wansnam, Nort, & town in Nor.
that language’ is underitood: by many of folk, with a market on Tuefday, 10 miles
wat
&Of Norwichs,.2nd.323 NNE of .London;: erected ‘here by Edward
Lon, 4. 31.8y lat, 5 40.N.
fituation:w of
Abbey,....It is:feated on; the. river Lea,
for the xing of .amonaltery, which had 12 miles.n by eof London. ,
a. thrine of the Va
called
uincovered. wells, ang .of peice. iS,
the ] Well.
the Vitgin Mary's or
Walfingham
and ,116 NNE of London. Lon.o,53.£;
- lat. 52 56.N. |
_ WALTHAM, of BisHoP’s WALTHAM.
a,towa in Hampibire,. with a market on
Friday... It obtained: this la(t :name.from
a
ance
of an abbey, called by the country people,
the Bithop’s Abbey. . The. ftatue 9
George 1,, commcaly called the Waltham
Black Act, was occafioned by a party of
the inhabitants of this town, who) had.
retired to a reclule, dell in the New. Fo-
reft, whence,, being in dilguife, or with,
their, faces blacked, they itfued,.in the
nights committing great depredations,;
ki
illing deer, theep, dc. for,their fyb-
ence.: Hence they were called,:the
Waltham, Blacks. The . place of their,
setreat, was acceffible only by: ay; fube
terranean paflage: they drefled like, forests,
ers, and. the croisbow was, their weapap..
They were difperted,..at lait, by the ag-
tivity of the neighbouring... gentlemen,
Waltham is.eight miles s of Winchetter;
and 65. w by s,of London. Lon. 1.20.w,
lat. 50 57 N. eC it @ peta 23
, WALTHAM, ABBEY, or W4iTHAM
Hoxy Cross, atown-in Eflexy with a
market on Tuefday. It reccived,.its 4e-
cond appellation from a holy,.crofs,, pre»
tended to have been niraculouily, conveyed
here;. and it obtained its fir name from
a magnificent abbey, founded, .ij,honour
of this crofs, by king Harold, /fome fra
ments of which remain,. Harold, and his
- two drothers, after the battle of Haftings,
were,interred here. A plain ftone is faid
to have been laid. over,him, with this) in-
icription, Haroldus Infelix; anda stone
cothn, fuppofed to have ,been’his, was
difcovered in the reign of Elifabeth. »;At
Waltham Abbey, are. fome;..gunpowder
mills, and fome, manufactures, pf printed
linens and pins. , It is:feated.on-the river
Lea, which here forms feveraliiflands, 12
miles. N by’ E of London.,-Lon.o 38,
lat. 5* 42N., b eobager
Wauruan Cross, or West Wat-
THAM, a Village in Hertfordthire, which
takes its firft appellation from a crofs
“ ing -almoft as much, ;
frequented ag, that, of ‘Thomas Becket: at; ind
Canterbury... Among; thee ruins are two, day,,almof, difuled. It, is 19 miles ne.
is 25 miles. Nw of Ry ;
palage of thé. bifhop of Winchefter,,
ituate here; and here are. the ruins,
, Of Leicefter, and 113 » by w of Londoa,
t Lon. 0 46 w, lat, §2- 51 N,
WALTHAMSTOW, a confiderable vil.
lage sin Effex, adorned, with handfome
villas,’ and feated near the, river Lea, five
miles Ng of London. Le)
./WALTINBRUCH, a town. of,
in the duchy
the saver ich, sis ! ,
ALTON, a confiderable vi in
. Surry, feated on the Thames, eo
it has a handfome, bridge. Here are the
‘remains of an. ancient.camp, tuppofed to
have been Roman... It is fix miles w by s
of Kingfton,, ). 5 4 bg
Wanpsworth, a. large village in
‘Surry, fedted on the. Wandle, near its
confluence, with the.Thames. At the
cloie.of,,the. la(t_ century, many French
refugees, fettled herve, and. eftablifhed.a
French church, which is. now a meeti
foy: the; methoditts, The dying of clath
has; been, practifed, here for, more than. a
century; )ithere axe alo manufadtures .for
bolting. cloth, theyprinting of calicoes and
kerfeymexes, , and},,the whitening and
prelling of ftuffs;..with oil, iron, and
whitelead mills, vinegar works, and dif-
tillerigs.... Here isa quaker’, meeting.
houfe,: rebuilt in).1787, and, two f{chools
for. children: of ‘that. perfuafion, |The
tower, of; the church.is ancient, but the
church , itfelf: is, modern ftruéture. In
Garret, Lang, in this|parith, isa, mock
election, after every general elegtion: of
parliament; ‘of .a,snayor of Garret; to
which Mr, Foote’s dramatic piece of that
nhame gave, Do {mall celebrity. . Wandi-
worth is five miles wsw of London,
WANGEN,).an.imperial town of Ger-
many, in‘the circle of Suabia. The in-
habitants are: papifts, an’ carry on a great
trade in paper and hard: .re. It is feated
on the Overarg, 17 miles, NE of. Lindau,
and 30 £.of Conftance. Lon.g 568,
lat..47 38. ese
WAaNGEN, a town of Swifferland, ca-
pital of the bailiwic of ‘Wangen, in Up-
per Argau, Its feated on the Aar, 10
miles £ of Soleure,, and 23 NNE of Bern.
Lon. 7 308, lat.¢7.16N.
WANGEN, a town of France, in the
department of Lower Rhine and late pro-
vince of Alfacs; feated on the de of a
: 15 in, honour of,
‘ -) his.queen Eleanor, and it has its fecond.
1 WALSINGHAMs,a town in Norfolk, name from, its Waltham,
with a market on Friday. It..is famous;
FALTHAM.ON THE WouiD, a town
fterfhire, with a market on.Thurf..
j Suabia, |
of Wirtemburg, feated on, ©
mountain, and
is eaght miles
4 E> lat. 48 3
WANLOCKE
art of Dumt
the lead mine
number of fine
WansTeEal
the tkirts of
for Wanfteac
magnificent
B church, rebu
ftructure of
miles NE of
WanTAG
a market on
peing the bir
is feated on 2
s by W ef O
Lon. 1 t6£
WaARBADI
fame name
28 miles w
of Zagrad.
WarRan
rifhta} one
the Decca
it is {till e
which are
fortrefs is
the poffef
It is 62
OB;
79M ARE
the provi
30 miles
B, lat. 5’
WAR
mountain, and furrounded by a wall. It
is eight miles Nw of Strafburg. Lon. 7
42, lat. 48 38N.
WANLOCKHEAD, a village in the N
part ot Dumiriesfhire, It iv fituate near
the lead mines, and ‘has.a confiderable
number of finelting ‘houfes.
WansreapD, a village in Effex, on the
the tkirts of Epping Foret, diftinguifhed
for Wanftead Houle, one of the moft
magnificent feats. in’ England. ‘The
church, rebuilt in 1790, 1s a beautiful
ftructure of Portland ftone. It is fix
miles NE of London.
WANTAGE, a town in Berkfhire, with
a market on Saturday. It is famous for
being the birthplace of king Alfred, and
is feated on a branch of the Ock} 12 miles
s by w ef Oxtord, and 60 w'of London.
Lon. 1 26 Ey lat. 51 35 Ni
WARADINy GREAT, ‘a ftrong town of
Upper Hungary, capital of a county of
the jane name, with a citadel, and a
bifhop’s fee. It was taken by the Turks
in 1660, but the Auftrians retook it in
1692. It is feated on the Sebes Keres,
317 miles NE ot Peterwaradin, and 1§0
ESE of Buda. Lon. 21 508, lat. 47 5N.
WaRADIN, LiTTLE, a ftrong town
of Sclavonia, capital of a county of the
fame name. It is feated on: the Drave,
sa 28 miles wsw of Kaniica, arid 34.N by &
lord of Zagrad. Lea. 26 158, lat. 46 48N.’
nd WaRAaNncoue (the Arinkill of Fe
nd f= rifhta) onee the capitalof Golconda, in
ad the Deccan of Hindooftan. The fite of
if it is {till evident from the old ramparts,
i, which are amazingly extenfive. A modern
4 fortrefs is conftructed within it, and: is in
6 the poffeffion of the nizam ‘of the Deccan:
‘a It is 63 miles NNE of: Hydrabad. Lon.
a 79 308, lat.18 6N.
k Warsura, a feaport ‘of Sweden, in
f the province of Halland, with a caftle,
30 miles s of Gottenburg.. Lon. 11 46
B,-lat. §7 12 N.
Warsure, a town of Germany, in
the bifhopric of Paderborn, formerly im-
rial and hanfeatic. It is feated on the
yitiel, 20 miles se of Paderborn. Lon.
9 19 By lat. 51 33°Ns
Warcop, a village in Weftmorland,
on the river Eden, near the: Roman
Maiden-way, se of Appleby. Here was
a large cattle,’ which covered ‘near an
acre of ground, with walls 15 feet thick,
the ftones of which were ufed for building
the fteeple of the church. °
Warbk, a town of Denmark, in N
Jutland, near the mouth of'a river of the
fame name, 15 miles N’of Ripen.
~ Warpuvys, a feapart of Danith
WAR
Lapland, on a firtall ifland of the fame
_ fame, near the continent. It has an old
fort, where the governor refides, ‘and i$
120 miles sE‘of the North Cape, Lon.'34
6, lat. 70 22N. eo Lure
Ware, a town in Fertfordthire, with
a market on Tuefday:” It is feated on
the river Lea, by which g000 quarters of
malt and corn are frequently fent in a
week to London, and the barges return
with coal. Im 1408, it was dettroyed by
a great inundation ; and fluices and wears
were made in the river, to prefervée it
from future floods. Tt is 21 miles N of
London. Lon.o 3£, lat. 51 so N.
WAREBRIDGE, or WADEBRIDGE, @
town in Cornwall, noted for its bridge
over the river Camel, which is the hand-
fomeft in the county, and fupported'b
20 arehes. It is 20 miles w of Launcef-
n, and 242 w by s of London.
WarenaM, a borough and feaport in
Dortetfhire, with a market on Saturday.
It is feated between the Frome and Pid-
dle, at their fall into Lechford Lake, the
Ww part of Poole harbour. It hact feveral
churches, now reduced to three; alfo a
wall and a caftle; but hus fuffered much
by the various tums of fortune, ‘and the .
harbour is almoft choked up.’ In 1762,
two thirds of the town was deftroyed by
fire, but has been rebuilt. Above the
bridge, over the Frome, is a good falmon
fifher'y; and in the neighbourhood fine
tobaceo-pipe clay is dug, of which nearly
10,000. tons are annually exported to .
London, ‘Liverpool, &c. Wareham is
govemed by a mayor, fends two members
to parliament, and is 20 miles £ of Dor-
chefter, and-114 w by s of London.
Lon. 2 16 w, lat. 50 43.
WarKaA, a town of Poland, in the
palatinate of Mafovia, feated on the river
Pika. Lon.2r 158, lat. 51 35N.
Warkworth, &@ village in Northam-
berland, five miles sx of Alnwick, feated
on the river Cocket, with ‘a caftle, in
Which is a chapel cut out of a rock.
WéakRMINSTER,, 2 town in Wilthhire, |
with a market on Saturday. It is feated
at the fource of the Willybourh, 22 miles
Nw of Salifbury, and 97 w by s of Lon-
don. Lon.2 15 w, lat. 51 rr N.
WARNEMUNDE, 2 ry Mn of Ger-
many, inthe duchy of Mecklenburg.
The: Swedes had a houfé here to take
toll; but, in 1710, when their affairs
were upon ‘the decline, the duke of-
Mecklenburg put a garrifon in it. It.is.
feated on the Baltic, at the: mouth of the
Warhe, 26 miles wef Wifmar,. Lon.
B2°26£. ‘lat, 54° 4°N."
WAR
-WarweTon, a town of Auftrian Flan-
devs, on. the river Lis, eight miles nw
of Lifle.. Lon. 3 4, Jat.. go 45.N. ;
‘WarrincTon, a large and populous
town in cafhire, with a market on
Wednefday. It has large manufactures
of failcloth, facking, cotton, pins, and
glafs. It is feated.on the Meriey, over
which is a. bridge, 18 miles £ of Liver-
pool, 18 w by s of Manchefter, and 183
Nw of London. Lon.2 45W, lat. 53
2 N. ‘
*Wansaw, a large city of Poland, the
capital of that country, and of the pro-
vince of Mafovia, It is built partly in a
plain, and partly on a gentle rife from
the Viftula, which is as broad as the
Thames at Weftminfter, but. thallow in
fummer.. This city and its fuburbs oc-
eupy. a vaft extent. of ground, and contain
above 60,000 inhabitants. The whole
exhibits the ftrong contraft of. wealth and
poverty, luxury and diftzefs, which per-
vades every part of this unhappy panniays
The ftreets are fpacious, but ill paved;
the churches and public buildings, large
and magnificent; the palaces of the no-
bility, numerous and {plendid; but the
ateft part of the houles, particularly in-
the {uburbs, are mean and ill-conftructed
wooden hovels. In the beginning of
2794, the emprefs of Ruifia put.a garri-
fon into this citys in order to compel the
Poles to acquiefce in the ufurpations the
had in view, but this garrifon was foon
expelled by the citizens. The infurrec-
tion became general throughout Poland,
and the king, of Pruffia sid fege to ‘War-
faw in July, but was compelled to raife
the fiege in September. It was under-
taken, however, hy the Rutfians, who,
on November 4, took by ftorm the fuburb-
of Praga: a dreadful maffacre enfued ;
the whole of the fuburb was nearly re-
duced to afhes; and the. immediate con-
fequence, was the furrender of the city to
the Ruffians, who made their triumphant
entry into it on the roth. They delivered
it up to the king of Pruffia, and in
January 1796, his troops, to the number
of 12,000, .entered and took poffeffion.
Warlaw is.160 miles se of Dantzic, 130
NNBg of Cracow, and 300 NE ef Vienna.
Lon.21 oB8, lat. 52 14.N.
Wartra, a town. ot Great Poland, in
the palatina:e of Siradia, feated onthe
river Warta, 12 wiles.Nn of Siradia, and
$7 Se.0f Pofuania, .. Lon. 18 .0 £5. lat.
st 41 N. q a, et eae |)
WartTenBurc, a town of Silefia,
capital of a lordthip.of the fame name,
s
In 1749 it was entirely, redused to athes,
WAS
except the caftle. It-is 22 miles Nz
Breflaw. Lon. 17 42.8, lat. 51 Ign. |
Warwick, an ancient borough ;;
Warwickhire, with a market on Satur
day. It is the county-town, fituate on gf
rocky -eminence, above the river
over which is a ftone b.
the pref
pofleffor of that title. Warwick is ool
verned by.a mayor, and principally con-
fits of one regular-built ftreet, at each’
end of which is an ancient gate. It had
anciently fix monattesies and fix churches ;
of the latter two only remain: it has like.
wife a handfome fhirehoule, a good free-
fchool, and a noted hofpital for 12 de-
cayed gentlemen, who have each 20 pounds
a year, and the chaplain 50, It is 16
miles sw of Coventry, and 93 Nw of
London, Len. 1:30w, lat. 52 218.N.
WARWICKSHIRE, a oounty of Eng-
land, 47 miles long and 30 broad ; bounded
at its N extremity by a point of Derby-
fhire, on the NW b Staffordthire, on
the NE by Leicefterthire, onthe w by
Worcefterfhire,.on the £ by Northamp-
tonfhire, en the sw by Gloucefterthire,
and on the sz by Oxfordfhire. It lies
artly in the diocefe. of Lichfield and
oventry, and partly in that of Wor-
‘cefter; contains four hundreds and one
liberty, one city, 12 market towns, and
158 parifhes; and fends. fix members to
parliament. ‘The air is very mild, plea-
fant, and healthy. The wn part, called
the Woodlands, is divided trom the s,
called the Feldon, by the river Avon,
and the foil of both is rich and fertile.
It produces corn, malt, wood, wool,
cheefe, coal, iron, and limeftone. The
principal rivers are the Avon, Tame,
and Arrow. The capital is Warwick,
but Birmingham is the largeft town,
WASHINGTON, the name of {everal
counties in the United States of America:
namely,. in Rhode Ifland; in New York,
of which Salem is the capital; in Penn-
fylvania, the capital of the fame name ;
in Maryland; in Virginia; in Tennaflee ;
in N Carolina; in § Carolina; and in
Georgia, the capital of which is Gols
. phinton.
WasHINGTON, @ flourjfhing commer-
cial town of the United States, in N Ca-
rolina, feated.on the, river Tat.
WASHINGTON, a. town of the ftate of
Georgia, in the county of Wilkes. A
mile and a. half from this town, is a me-
dicinal {pring, which has been found very
benefieia) in-.rheumagic cates. It rifles
fomovered with
thick 5 and the
are incrufted
as now.
W aSHINGT
now building
United Srates.
tion of the rivs
Branch, exte
each, mcludin
to be exceed
jalubrity, a0
world. as
by itreets
pe w3 wh
the plan.
prefident’s |
tant areas}
trom one ine
not enly p!
profpects, |
which rend:
The great
wide, incl
and a grat
trees on €
teet of pa
reft of tl
feet wide,
North, S
which are
running
northwa
B Stree
‘South
The .f
amount
contail
divide
front».
WAS.
ftom a hollow tree, theinfide of ,which
is.covered with 3 coat of mitre, aa inch
thick ; and the leaves around the {pein
we incrufted with a fubftance: as white
as {now. :
WASHINGTON, a flourifhing town of
‘Penntylvania, in the county of Walhing-
ton, 300 miles w of Philadelphia. Loa.
$0 20 W, lat.40 12 N. ‘
WasHINGTON, acity of N America,
now building for the mctropolis of the
United States. It is feated at the june-
tion of the rivers Potomac and the Eattern
Branch, extending about four. miles up
each, including a tract of territory {carcely
to be exceedeuy in point of convenience,
jalubrity, and beauty, by any in the
world. This territory, called Columbia,
nd lies partly in Virginia and partly in Mary-
4 land, and was ceded by thete two ftates
re to the United States.of America, and
. by them eftablithed to, be the eat of go-
e- vernment, vafier the year 1809. ‘'be
led plan combittes. convenience, : regularity,
elegance of pro{pect, a free circulation of
Re air, and every thing grand and’ beautiful
b that can be introduced into a city. It
y is divided into {quares or grand divifions,
. by ftreets running due .N and, 5, and &
les and w; which, torm the groundwork .of
‘ the plan. But, trom the Capitol, the
ans prefident’s houtes:and.fome of the impor-
one tant areas in the city, run diagonal ftrects;
ind trom one material object to another, which
to not enly produce a variety of charming
Pa. Profpects, but remove the infipid ‘ameneis
led which renders fome great citiesunpleafing.
8, The great lcading ttreets are all 160 feet
ns wide, including a obbsineet ot 10 feet,
i and a gravel walk of 30 teec planted with
I, trees on each fide, which will leave 80
he § tect of paved ftreet tor carriages. The
ey reft of the ftreets are, in general, t10
ky feet wide, with a few only go feet, except
North,- South, and Eait Capitol Streets,
J which are 160 feet. The diagonal itrects
are named after the reipective ttates com-
" oling the Union, while thole running N
‘ and s are, from the Capitol eaitward,
_ jmamed Eaft Ficlt Street, Eatt Second.
5 Street, ac. and thofe w of it are, in
the fame manner, called Welt Firf
Street, Welt Second Street, &c. Thole
running &.and w are from the Capitol
northward: named, North A Street, North
B Street, &c. and thofei s. of it.arescalled
South A Street, ‘South |B Street, &c.
The {quares, or divitions of the city,
amount. to 1850: the rectangular ones.
contain: from:three to fixatres, and are
divided into lots.of from.4o to So feet in
front, and theia depth fyem Jz0° to -300,
WAS
according to the fize of the fquare. The.
irregular’ divifions produced by the dia-
gonal ftreets ase tome of them tmall, but
generally in valuable fituations: theig’
acute points are all to be cut off at 40)
feet, fo that no houfe will: have an acute.
corner, All the houfes mutt be of -brick
or ftone. The area: for ithe Capitol (or
houle for the legiflative bodies) is on the
mott beautful eminence in the city, about
a mile from the Eaftern Branch, and not
much more from.the Potomac, command.
ing a full view of every part of the city,
as well asa confiderable extent of the
country round. The prefident’s houte
will ftand on a rifing ground, ‘not tar’
from the Potomac, pofielling a delight-
ful water profpe&t, with’ a commanding
view of the Capitol, and fome other ma-
terial parts-of the city. Due s from the
prefident’s houfe, and due w from the
Capitol, run two great ple:(ure parks or
malls, which interieét and terminate upon
the banks of the Potomac, -and are to be
ornamented at the fides by a variety of
elegant buildings, -houfes for forei
minifters, &c. Interiperted through the
city, where the meft material {treets crols
each other, is a variety of open areas,
formed in various regular figures, which,
in great cities are extremely wleful and
ornamental. The beft of theie areas are to
be appropriated to the different ‘ttates com-
pofing the Union; not only to bear theig
reipective names, but as proper places to
erect ftatues, obelifks, or colurhns, te
the memory of their tavourite celebrated
men. Upon a finall eminence; where a
line due w trom the Capitol, and due s:
from the prefident’s houfe, would inter-’
fect, is to be ereéted an equeltrian ftarue
of general Wahhington, the firtt pre-
fident of the United States. Pro
places ave marked out for other public
uildings ; asa marine hofpital, with its -.
ries ja general exchange, and its pb.
ic walks; 2 tort, magazines, and arfenal ;
a city hall, churches, colleges, market-
houtes, theatres, &c. The prefident of
the United States,-in Iccating the feat of
the city, prevailed upin ‘the proprietors
of the toil to cede a certain portion of the
lots in every fituation, to be fold by his.
direétion, and the proceeds to be applied
felely to the public buildings, ‘Thig
grant will produce about 15,000 lets, and
will. be futticient, mot only to ereé the
public Buildings, hut'to dig-a canal, ‘con.
duct water through the city, arid to pave
and light he itreets. The city being
fituate on the great poft road, equidiftent
tram the 6 and w extiemicies of the Union,
1 iv
Vv
}
}
ef
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i
1!
init
'
; H
ee
HHI
Hf f
i} Ht
itt
ait if
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tay
ny
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Bil
i .
1
}
hiHY {
i
?
Hive
i] ty
it
. H i {
i)
ly
ie
{ Wik
i} |
Hits gh Ee
i isi
H Ki it
itty ete
i i 4
ey
5
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Hh
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am tee it
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Him |
ite ’
j
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WAS
‘and nearly fo from the Atlantic Ocean to
the river Ohio, upon the beft navigation,
_ and in the midft of the. richeft commercial
territory in America, commanding the.
moft extenfive internal refources, is by far
WAT
tains, 25 miles B by 8 of Munich,
28 ww of Saltzburg. “Lon, las
pried g On. 32 13 B, |
WATCHET, a ‘town in Somerfetthire
WatTTO!
market on \
Norwich,
° 53 E, Jat.
with a market on Saturday. Iti ed
the moft eligible fituation for the refulence on the Briftol Channel, at the thet od had Mg the
of the congrefs; and it is now prefling good harbour, frequented by coal thips, A,
vides it int
Stanhope to
ng by Dur
falls into t
WearM
on the nN iid
oppofite ; Si
Monk We
diffolution,
forward, by the public-fpirited enterprile,
not only of the people of the United States,
bt alfo of foreigners. The Eaftern
Sranch is one of the fafeft and moft com-
modious harbours in America, being
fufficiently deep for the largeft thips, for
four miles above its junétion with the
. Potomac; while the channel lies. clofe
along the edge of the city, and is abun-
14 miles nw of Brid
by s of Lon#on.
I2N. .
WatTkEOO, an ifland in the Pacific
Ocean, difcovered by captain Cook. It
is fix leagues in circuit, compofed of hills
and plains, ard the furface covered wih
verduree The foil, in fome parts, is
ewater, and 153 w!
On. 3 25W, lat. 52
dantly capacious.. ‘The Potomac pro-
duces a communication by water. between
the city and the interior parts of Virginia their houfes, which are long and {pacious, the. 5
and Maryland, by means of the Shannan- ‘The manners of the people, their general re Rae is
.doah, the South Branch, Opecan, Cape habits of life, and their method of treatin ‘ he EAR}
Capon, Patterfon’s Creek, Conoochegue, ftrangers, greatly refemble thole of Ota- Durham, ¢
and Monocaly, for upward of 200 miles, heite, aad its neighbouring iflands, has ul
through one of the moft healthy and fer- There is alfo a great fimilarity between ’ Ppp
tile regions in America, producing to- their religious opinions and ceremonies. | land, int
bacco of {uperior quality, hemp, Indian Lon. 158 15 w, tie. 24158. P
corn, wheat, and other {mall grain, with’
fruits and vegetables in vaft abundance.
The lands upon the Potomac, above the
light and fandy; but, further up the
country, a reddith caft was feeh on the
rjfing grounds, where the iflanders build
WATERFORD, 2 fine county of Ire.
land, 46 miles long and 25 broad;
bounded on the s.by St. George’s Chan-
js’an iron
arch 236 f¢
a remarke
city of Wathington, all around it, and nel, on the w by Cork, on the N and NE nee b
for fixty miles below, ave high and dry, by the river Suxe, which feparates it miles or
abounding with innumerable fprings of from Tipperary and Kilkenny, and on lat. s1 7
excellent water, and well covered with the & by Waterford Haven, which parts. ‘ Wer
large timber of various kinds. A few it from Wexford. It contains 71 pa- W part of
miles below the eity, upon the banks of rithes, and fends so members to parlia- s ant rece’
the Potomac, are inexhauftible mountains ment. ters the e
of excellent freeftone, of the white and rel WATERFORD, a populous city and vicable t
Portland kinds, of which the public edi- feaport of Ireland, in a county of the Novthwi
fices in the city are building. Above the fame name, with a bifhop’s fee. It is WEILB
city alfo, upon the banks of the river, the fecond place in the kingdom, and has the bith
are immenfe quantities of excellent coal, an excellent harbour, where fhips of the Heidelbe
limeftone, and marble, with blue flate of greateft burden may ride at the quay. It Weic
the beft quality. The Tyber, which isthe ftands on the river Sure, eight miles n of in Wete
principal ftream that paffes through the St. George's Channel, 26 5 of Kilkenny, burg, f
sity, is to be collected in a grand refervoir, and 75s by wof Dublin. Lon.6 54w, ead 4 f
befide the Capitol, whence it will be car- lat. 52 18 N. Wel
ried in Lipes to different parts of the city; © WatTrorp, a town in Hertfordhhire, upper
while its {urplus water will fall down in with a great corn market on Tuefday. Nob P
beautiful cafcades, through the public It is feated on the river Coln, feven miles Lon. 22
gardens W of the Capitol, into a canal. s by w of St. Alban’sy and 14 Nw of Wei
4 he plan of this city was formed by major London.. Lon.o 17 W, la. 51 43.N. of Sua!
L’Entant ; and the founding of it in fuch = WaATLINGTON. a town in Oxtordthire, The ‘i
an eligible fituation, upon {uch a liberal with a market on Saturday. It is feated It is {
and elegant plan, will by future genera- under the Chiltern Hills, on a brook, ¢ Stu
tions be confidered as ahigh proof of the which, with the continued ridge, divides L ae
wifdom of the fittt prefident ot the United the county from Buckinghamfhire.. It is We
tes, while its name will keep frefh in 14 miles se of Oxford, and 46 w of the 4
mind the gbligations they are under to London. Lon. oW, lat. $1 37 N. are
that illuftrious chaxaéter.. Lons.77 431w, WatTTEN, a town of France, in the Stkn
lat. 38 53N. ». -* department of the North and late province Frane
_.WassersuRG; 3 town of Bayaria, of Flanders, feated on the river Aa, five 6k
with a caftle, It is feared among moun. SAG Soe saett :
miles from St. Omer.
WEI
Watton, a town in Norfolk, with a
market on Wednefday, 18 miles sw of
Norwich, and 90 NNg of London. Lon.
053, lat. 52.368. ‘
EAR, a river, which rifes jn the w
part of the county of Durham, and di-
vides it into two parts; flowing sz by
Stanhope to Bifhop Auckland, and thence
ng by Durham to Sunderland, where it
falls into the German Ocean.
WearmoutH, a village in Durham,
on the w fide of the. mouth of, the Wear,
oppofite Sunderland. | It is alfo called
Monk Wearmouth, having, before the
diffolution, belonged to the monks, Here
is‘an iron bridge over the Wear, of one
arch 236-feet pan, ereéted in 1796, and
the firft ever conftructed. of parts fo
formed, .as. to unite in the manner of
keyltones.
WEARMOUTH, Bishop, a: village in
Durham, one mile §w of Sunderland. It
a manufacture of failcloth.
EDDENSCHVEILy a town of Swiffer-
land, in the canton of Zuric. Near it is
a remarkable waterfall. It is. feated on
the w fide of the lake of Zuric, 10 miles
SE ofthat city.
Weert, a town. of Dutch Brabant,
taken by the French in 1794. Itis 12
Ke Ig
DE hills
t Wi.h
ts, ig
p the
on the
build
Cious,
reneral
eatin
Ote”
hands,
rtween
Onies, |
f Tre.
broad ;
Chan.
nd NE
i on miles w of Ruremonde. Lon. 5 388;
parts. lat. $1 7.N. : bes ebeusthl
Aeara WEEVER, ariver, which rifes in the
varlia. , N part of Shropthire, runs acrofs Chethire,
and receiving the Dane from the E, en-
y and ters the eftuary of the Merfey. . It is na-
of the vigable to Winsford, fome miles above
It is Northwich in Chethire.
d has WEIBST ADT, a town of Germany, in
f the the bithopric of Spire, 20 miles sz of
It Heidelberg. Lon. 9 23 8, lat.49 19 N..
N of , WBICHTERBACH, atown of Germany,
nny, in Weteravia, and in the county of Ifen-
4. Wy, burg, feated on the river Kintz, with a
caftle, where the count refides..
hire, WEIDEN, a town of Germany, in the
day. - upper palatinate of Bavaria, feated on the
niles i ab, ro miles nw: of Leuchftenberg.
v OF Lon.12 108, lat. 49 34N.
| WEIL, or WYL, a free imperial town
hire, of Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtemburg,
ated The inhabitants are Roman catholics.
00k y It is feated on the Worm, 12 miles w
ides of Stutgard, and 20 n of Tubingen.
It is Lon.8 508, lat.4846N..
r of WEILBURG, a town of Germany, in
the circle of the Upper Rhine, and
the county. of Naflau. It is feated on the
nce Lahn, 22 miles Nz of Naffau, 22 Nw of
Francfort, and 29 & of Mentz. Lon.8
five
; 268, lat.5028N.
_ WerLHEIM, a town of Suabia, in the
WEI
duchy of Wirtemburg, feated on the river
Laurer.
Weimar, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Thuringia, with a magnificent cattle,
the refidence of the duke ot Saxe- Weimar.
It is feated on the Ilm, 20 miles ne of
Erfurt, and 20 wsw.of Naumburg.
Lon. 11 528, lati.g1 6 N»
WEINGARTIN, a town of Germany,
in the palatinate of the Rhine, feated on
the Printza, four miles Ne of Dourlach,
and nine s of Philipfburg. Lon.9 308
lat.49 5.N.
Wa2INHEIM, a town .of Germany, in
th> palatinate of the Rhine, 10 miles nN
ot Heidelberg. Lon. 8 46 8, lat. 49 35N.
WEISBADEN, a town of Germany, in
the electorate of Mentz, where there are
hot baths in high efteem. It is eight miles
NE of Mentz, and 15 w of Franciort.
Lon.8 208, lat.49 56No
‘WEISBRAIN, See VESPERIN. _—y
WEISELMUNDE, a fortre{s of Weftern
.Pruffia, {eated at the mouth of: the Vif-
tula, below Dantzic, whole harbow it
defends. Lon. 18 40£, lat. 54 24 .N.
WEISSEMBURG, a town of France, in
the department of Lower Rhine and late
province of Alface. . Between this place
and. Lauterburg, are. the famous lines
from which the French drove the Auf-
trians in 1744.3. and, in 1793, the Pruf-
fians drove the French from the fame
fituation. It.is feated on the Lauter, 10
miles sw of Landau, and 22 NE of Straf-
burg. Lon.8 11 £, lat.48 53N.
TRISSEMBURG, 2 free imperial town
of Franconia, in the bifhopric of Aich-
ftadt. The inhabitants are proteftants.
It is feated on the Rednith, five miles
N of Pappenheim, and 30 sw of Nurem-
burg. i 11 2E, lat.49 4.N.
EISSEMBURG, a town of Germany,
in the duchy of Saxony, 20 miles Nn by w
of Wittemberg, and 20 NE of Deilaw.
Lon. 12 31 £, th 52 3N. |
' WeilssEMBURG, or ALBA JULIA, a
city,of Tranfylvania, capital .of a county
of the fame name, with.a bifhop’s. fee,
and a univerfity. It is feater’ on the fide
of a hill, near the river Ompias, 35 miles
w of Hermanftadt. Lon. 24 08, lat.46
26N.
WEISSEMBURG, or STULWEISSEMe=
BURG, a town of Lower Hungary, feated
at the g end of the:Platten Sce, 36 miles
sw of Buda. Lon. 18 308, lat.473aN, -
WEISSENFELS, a town of Upper Sax.
ony, in Mifnia, remarkable for a vitto
which the Swedes gained over thé Aul-
‘trians.’ Above the town is a fine citadel,
called Asgohutery, the refidence of the
t fa Sage 3s
Satire Cie oh aT
WEL
uke of Saxe-Weiffenfels. It is feated
on the Saale, 17 miles sw of Leipfick.
Lon. 12 13, lat. 51 9 Nw
os sui atahin river, which rege
7 Steir Spd e, ‘and: feparates that
‘coun Leicefterfhire, ‘Ratlandthire;
and Lincoinfhire; it pafles by Market
Harborough to Stamford, from whenée it
is navigable to the Foffdike Wath, which
it enters below Spalding.
: WELLINGBOROUGH, a town in Nor-
thamptonfhire, with a market on Wednef-
day. A fire happened here in 17385
which confamed discs Boo houfes; but
it has been fince rebuilt... It is feated on
the fide of a hill, om the river Nen, rz
miles NE of Northampton, and 68 Nw by
Ww of London. Lon.o 59 W,lat. 52 16'N.
WELLINGTON, a town in cd a
with a market on Thurfday, feated ‘near
Wrekin Hill, r2:miles'z of Shrewfbury,;
and. 152 Nw of London. Lon. 2 30w,
fat. 52 40'N.
- WELLINGTON, a town in Somertet-
fhirt, with a muiket ‘on Thurfday, feated
on the Tone, 15 miles Ne‘of Exeter, and
447 Ww by s‘of'Léndon. ‘ Lon. 3 25 w,
Brag 87 ale gene wird
: ELLS, a feaport ‘in Norfllk, which
has ‘ho'market, but # large church, ‘and'a
confiderable corn trade. It is 27 miles N
of Swaffham, and 121 NNE ‘of London.
Loh.1 1. lat. 53 1 N. |
“ WELLS, a city in-Sontérféthhire, with
4 market ‘on Wednefday and Saturday.
It is feated at the foot of a hill, and has
its name from the wells and'fprings about
it; and is a bifhop’s fee, jointly ‘with
Bath. ‘The cathedral is a ‘ftately ‘pile;
and the bifhop‘s ‘palace is ‘like a cattle,
being furrotinded with walls and a‘moat.
The city is’ governed by’a mayor, ‘fends
two ‘tnembérs ‘to ‘parliament,* and is ‘the
Ventre ‘df ‘a ‘great ‘manufatture of knit
wotlted ftockings. It is 16 miles s of
Briftol, and 120 Ww of London. Lon.2
‘37° W, Yat, 51 12 N.
Ls, a town ‘of Germany, in the
tltcle of ‘Auftria, ‘feated on the Trawn,
$8 miles ‘s of Liritz.° Lon. 13 538, lat.
y ‘Ne .
" WELSHPOOL, a town in’ Montgomery-
fhire, with a market on Monday. It is
tHe‘ principal’ tr’adiig town in the county,
Beihe the great ‘mart ‘for Welth' cottons,
iiels, Sc. “Th » called Powis
tle, "is byitt of ‘a! ftone, and fs
ge. fat ly ftrugtute. ~ It is feated in
Moai the river ‘Severn, ‘nine niilés
y Or M
‘and “i69 nw ‘of ‘Lo.
at, 58-558.
1. Home 3 5 W>
outgonitty, He a dit :
WER
WervENBUna. See Asacn.
v ~WYN, a village in Mertfordthi
five miles w Of Hatfcld, | OF thie Fe?
the celebrated Dr. Young was retor; and
here was the fcent of his Night Thoughts.
- Wem, ‘a town in Shropfhire, with a
inarket on Thuriday, feated on the Ro-
den, ‘nine miles n’ of Shrewfbury, and 164
Nw of London. , Lon.2 40, lat. 52
Wenpover, a be
ENDOVER, a berough in Bucking.
hamfhire, with a dace on Thurfd e
It ferids two members to parliament, and
is feven miles sz of Ailefbury, and 35 w ”
a of London. -Lon.o 35 w, lat. 52
40N %;
WENNER, the latgef lake of Sweden,
in W Gothland, to the Nw. of the lake
Wetter. ‘It is ‘go miles in length, and,
in fome places, 40 in breadth, :
_WENLOCK, a borptgh in Shrophhire,
with a‘market'on Monday. It fends two
members to'parliament, ‘and is 12 miles
SE of Shrewfbury, and 147 Nw of Lon-
don. Lon. 2 30w, lat. 52 36N.
' WENSYSSBL, a peninfula of Denmark,
which inakes the N ‘part of N Jutland;
bounded on the s by the canal of Alburg,
on the ge by the Categate, and on the x
and w by the German Ocean.
WENSYSSEL; atown of Denmark, in
N Jutland, capital of a prefecture of
the fame name. “It is feated’on'the Ryaa,
17 miles NW of Alburg. Lon.9 402,
lat. 57 4.N. :
— WENTWORTH, a village in Yorkthire,
three‘miles Nw of Rotherham. Here is
Wentworth Houfe, a noble feat of the
late marquis of Rockingham, built in
imitation of Wanitead Houfe, in Effex,
and, in'the front of the houfe, earl Fitz-
william, the prefent proprietor, has erected
amaufoleum to the memory of the marquis.
“‘WEOBLY, an ancient ‘borough in
Herefordfhire, witha fiarket on Tuelday,
Tt fends two members to parliament, ‘and
- is ‘eight miles nw of Hereford, and 141
www of London. Lon. 2 41 w, lat. 52 9 N.
WERBEN, a town of Germany, in the
old marche of Brandenburg, formerly a
ftrong paffage on the river Elbe, but now
all the fortifications are ruined. It is
feated at the place where the Habel falls
into the Elbe, 60 miles Nw of Berlin.
Lon. 12 12. £, lat.§4 5N..
_ WERCHTEREN, a town of Auftrian
‘Brabant, feated iat the confluence of the
‘Demer and Dyle, nine miles’ z ‘of Mech-
lin. Lon.4 49%, lat.g1 oN. >
‘WERDEN, a town of ‘Weftphalia, in
ae county of. Marck, With an ‘abbey.
altbitanth “ate proceftadis, under
3
4
the protectic
ahe r, 1
30.E of Di
T 7 No
*\ WERDED
f{ubject «to tl
ital of a'cc
is deparated
theirefidenc
on an emin
a
on. 9 25
WERLE
bifhopric.o
Sifek,’ “30
go -£; lat.
WeERMI
in W Go
‘broad ;- bo
on the ‘£ |
the s byt!
onithe w
Itiis fertil
rocks, hil
refts ‘of
pine, and
which fuc
intermiffic
miles in
as to app
of a citer
arts, fte
WES
the protection of Pruffia. It is feated on
ahe Roer, 10 miles NE of Dufleliort, and
46-£ of Duisburg. Lon.7 18, lat. 51
17 N.
WERDENBERG, a town of Swifferland,
fubjeét<to the'canton of Glarus, and ca-
= of a'county of the fame name, which
$ feparated from the canton by the county
of Sargans, and bounded on the s by the
Rhine, It has a {trong caftle, which is
thelyefidence of the bailiff, and is feated
on an eminence, commanding a beautiful
ys ae It is 16 miles nz of Glarus.
on.9 25-8, lat. 46 s8N.
WERLE, a town of Weftphalia, in the
bifhopric.of Muntter, feated on the river
Sifek,’ 40 miles’ 8 of Munfters Lon. 7
908; lat.51 35N. ,
WERMELAND, @ province of Sweden,
in’ W Gothland, 100 miiles long and 50
‘broad ;- bounded on the N by Dalecarlia,
on the & by Weftmania and Nericia, on
the s by the lakes Wenne? and Dalia, and
onthe w by the mountains of Norway.
It is ‘fertile, and diverfified by mountains,
rocks, hills, and dales, clothed with fo-
refts ‘of birch, poplar, mountain afh,
pine, and fir.: It alfo abounds with lakes,
‘which fucceed each other almoft without
intermiffiont they are from four to 40
miles in circumference; fome fo narrow
a8 to appear like broad rivers, and others
of a circular thape ;' their fhores, in fome
arts, fteep and rocky; in others gently
ping, and feathered with hanging wood
to the margin of the water. ‘Ntimerous
tivulets flow from thefe lakes, and form,
fometimes, | {mall’ picturéfique ‘cataracts.
Carlftadt is the capital.
WERN, a town of Weftphalia, in the
bifhopric ‘of Munfter, with a monattery,
feated near the: Lippe, 28 miles s by w
of Munfter. (Lon. 7 308, lat. §1 35 N.
WeERRA, See WESER.
- OWERTHEIM, a town of ‘Franconia,
capital of a county of the fame name. It
-is feated at the confluence of the Tauber
‘and-Maine, 20 miles w of Wurtzburg.
Lon. 9 53 £, lat.49 46N.
‘“WERWICK, a town of Auftrian Flan-
ders, taken «bythe French in'1793. It
a8 feated On thé ‘Lis, eight miles sz of
Ypres. Lon.2 588, lat. 50 46N.
"WESEL, a town of Weltphalia, in the
duchy of Cleves, with a ftrong citadel,
‘near the confluence of the‘Rhine and the
Lippe. ‘Here are two Calvinitt churches,
one for the‘Lutherans, and ariother for the
‘papitts ;-but'the regency of the town is
an’ the hands of ‘the 'Calvinifts. Jt was
‘formerly ah imperial and hanfeatic town,
dbut- it now belongs tothe-king of Pruffia.
WES
Tt was taken by the French in 1759, but
reftored in 1762. It is 25 miles se of
Cleves, and 45 N of Cologne. Lon.6
37 8, lat. §1 27 N.
_ WESENBURGH, a fortified town of
Ruffia, ‘in the government of Efthonia,
feated on the Wifs, 55 miles sz of Revel,
and 55 NW of Narva. .Lon.25 488,
lat. §9 10 N.
Weser, a confiderable river of Ger-
many, whtch rifes in the county of Hen.
neburg, being then called tie Werra,
It pafles by Smalkald, croffes a corner of
Thuringia, enters the duchy of Brunf-
wick, and receives the Fulde; at Munden.
It then aflumes the name of Wefer, runs
along the confines of the circles of Weft-
halia and Lower Saxony, waters Hame-
in, Minden, and Hoye; receives the Al-
ler, below Verden; and, paffing by
Bremen, enters the German Ocean, _
WESTBURY, a borough in Wilthhire,
with a market on Friday. It fends two
members to parliament, and is 26 miles
Nw of Salifbury, and 101 w of London.
Lon. 2 13 W, lat. 51 16 N.
WESTERHAM; atown in Kent, with
a market on Wednefday. It is the
birthplace of bifhop Hoadly and general
Wolfe: thelatter is interred in the church.
It is feated on the river Darent (which
rifes from nine f{prings near this town)
14 miles Nw of Tun ridge, and 22 sk _
at.
of London. Lon.o 68, gr 18N.
WESTEROS, a town of Sweden, capi-
tal of Weftmania, with a sien a fee, a
citadel, anda famous college. It carties
on a confiderable commerce with Stock-
holm, acrofs the lake Maeler; particu-
larly in copper and iron from the neigh-
bouring mines. . Here are the ruins of’an
ancient palace, formerly inhabited by the
‘kings of Sweden. ‘ihe cathedral, built of
brick, is celebrated for its tower, efteemed
the higheft inthe kingdom. In this ca-
rhedral is the tomb of the unfortunate
Eric x1v. Wefteros is feated on the lake
Maeler, 45 miles Nw of Stockholm.
Lon.17 o£, lat. 59 38N.
WESTERBURG, a town of Germany,
in Weteravia, with acaftle. It is the
capital of a lordthip of the fame name, and
35 miles N of Mentz. Lon. 8 188, ‘lat.
50 26N. hy
WesTERN IsLANDS. See Azores
and HEBRIDES. :
WESTERN TERRITORY, a country in
N America, comprehending all that part
of the United States which lies to the Nn
of the river O jio. It is bounded on the
w by the Miffiffippi, on the N by the
‘Lakes, on the £ a Pennfylvania, and
tz
-" non _ ne = a
te na on ree
WES
on the s# and 5 by the Ohio. It contains
11,000 {quare miles, equal to 263,040,000
acres; from which, it we deduct 43,040,000
for water, there will remain 220,000,000
acres, belonging to the federal govern-
ment, to be fold for the difcharge of the
national debt. This country, which is
intended to be divided into feveral new
ftates, is affirmed to be the moft: healthy
and fertile {pot in America, that is yet
known to Europeans.
WESTERWALD. Sce WETERAVIA.
WisTERWICK, a feaport of Sweden,
in Smoland, feated on the Baltic, 50 miles
'N of Calmar, and 120 sw of Stockholm.
Lon. 16 o8, lat.’57 40N.
WESTMANIA, or WESTMANLAND,
a province of Sweden Proper, between
Sudermania, Geftricia, Nericia, and Up-
Jand.. It is 75 miles in length and 45
in breadth, and abounds.in. copper and
iron mines, ‘The face of the country is
diverfified like Wermeland. Welteros is
the capital.
WESTMINSTER, a city of Middlefex,
the refidence of the monarchs of Great
.Britain, the feat of the parliament and
of the high courts of juftice, and confti-
tuting, with London and Southwark, the
inetropolis of the Britifh empire. On the
diffolution of its abbey, in 1541, Henry
vill, erected it into.a bifhopric, appoint-
ing the whole of Middlefex (Fulham ex-
cepted) forthe diocefe. It had, however,
but one prelate, Dr. ‘Thirlbye; for Ed-
ward vi, foon after, diffolved it. The
abbey is now a collegiate church, the dean
of which is always bifhop of Rochetter.
W efimintter fends two members to parlia-
ment. Inthe city are two parifh churches,
St. Margaret’s and St. John’s; and feven
in the liberties, namely, St. Clement
Danes, St. Paul’s Covent Garden, St.’
Mary-le-Strand, St. Martin’s in the
Fields, St. Ann’s Soho, St. James’, and
-St. George’s Hanover fquare. ‘The
precinct of St. Martin’s-le-grand, though
within the city of London, is under the
jurifdiction of Weftminfter. See Lon-
DON.
WESTMORLAND, a county of England,
42 miles long and 40 broad ; bounded on
the N and nw by Cumberland, on the £
and sé by Yorkfhire, and on the s and
sw by Lancafhire. It is generally divided
’ jnto the baronies of Kendal and Weftmor-
Jand: the former is very mountainous,
but the latter is a large champaign coun-
try. Thefe are the only principal divi-°
fions of this county, of which the earl of
Thanet is hereditary fheriff. It lies
partly in the diocele o Chefter, and
WES
partly in that of Carlifles contains eight
market-towns and 26 parithes; and fends
only four members to parliament. The
air is clear, fharp, and falubrious, the
natives generally living to old age. The
foil is various; that on the mountains
bein very barren, while that in the val-
lies is fertile, producing good corn and
grafs, efpecially in the meadows near the
rivers. In the hilly parts on the w bor-
ders, fome mines of copper are worked,
but moft of the ore lies fo deep, that it
will not anfwer the expence. This county
yields the fineft flate, and abundance of
excellent hams are cured here. The prin-
cipal rivers are the Eden, Lone, and
Ken. It has alfo feveral fine lakes, :the
principal of vhich is Winnander-mere,
or Windermere-water. In the foreft of
Martindale, to the s of Ulls-water, the
breed of red deer {till exifts ina wild ftate.
Appleby is the county-town.
WESTMORLAND, 2 county of Penn-
fylvania, 50 miles long and 40 broad.
In 1790, it contained 16,018 inhabitants.
Greenfburgh is the capital.
WESTPHALIA, one of the circles of
Germany, bounded on the £ by the circle
of Lower Saxony; on the 8. by Hefle,
Wefterwalde, and the Rhine; on the w
by the United Provinces; and on the n
by the German Ocean. The air is cold,
but the foil produces paftures and fome
corn, though there are a great many
marfhes. ‘The horfes are large, and the
hogs in highiefteem, efpecially the hams,
known by the-name of Welt halia hams.
The principal rivers are the
Lippe, an
reign bifhoprics of Ofnaburg, Munfter,
and Paderborn; the principality of Min-
den; the counties of Ravenfberg, Teck-
lengburg, Ritburg, Lippe, Lemgow,
Spigelburg, Schawenburg, Hoye, Diep-
holt, Delmenhorft, Oldenburg, Embden
or E Friefland, -Bentheim, -and Lingen.
Thete are to the Nn of the river Lippe.
To the s of it are the abbies of Effen and
Verden; the town of Dortmund; the
counties of Marck and Homburg ; and
the duchies of Weftphalia, Berg, and
Cleves. Muntter is the moft confiderable
city in this circle.
WESTPHALIA, a duchyof Germany,
in the circle.of Weftphalia, 49 miles long
and 25 broad; bounded on the n by the
efer,; Embs,
bifhoprics of Muniter and Ofnaburgh,
and the county of Lippej on ‘the w by
that of Marck ; on the s by the territo..
ries of Naflau; and on the £ ps og
counties: of Witgenftein, Hartzfeld, Wal-
deck, and the Jandgravate of Bigilt, It is
Roer. It contains the fove- .
in the circle
the palatinz
Heffle and
into two p
called Wet
Weteravia
WETHE
ef Yorkth
day, feared
York, and
1 20W; la
WETHI
States, in
enions.
WETT
fand, SE
miles fror
WEeETT
on the L
Its wood
mechanifi
20 feet .
is the la
taught a
than his
Wert
German’
ditches
The inh
a counc
imperial
from Sp
ravaged
conflue!
WEX
a mountainous country, full: of wood,
but moderately fertile; and is fubjeé& to
the ele&to: of Cologne. Arenfberg is the
capital.
WESTROGOTHIA. See GOTHLAND.
WETERAVIA, a proyinee of Germany,
in the circle of the Upper Rhine, havin
the palatinate of the Rhine on the w, an
Heffe and Fulde on the gz. It is divided
into two parts by the river Lahn; one
called Weteravia Proper, and the other x
Weteravia, or Wefterwald,
WETHERBY, a town in the w riding
WHI
p of woody iflands, Though a bie
1op’s fee, it is very finall, and the houles
mottly of wood. It is 50 miles w of
Calmar, and 155 sw of Stockholm. Lon,
34 57E, lat. 56 42 N.
Wey, ariver, which rifes in Hamp-
fhire, flows through Surry by Godalming
and Guildford, and enters the Thames, at
Weybridge. |
EYBRIDGE, @ village in Surry, feated
on the Wey, at its entrance into the
Thames, two miles g of Chertfey, Here
is Woburn Farm, the refidenge of lord
of Yorkthire, with a market on Thuri- Loughborough, the plantations of which
day, feated on the Whart, 14 miles w of were the firft {pecimen in England of the
York, and 177 N by w of London. Lon. ferme ornée, or ornamented farm.
I 20W, lat. 53 57N. WEYHILL, a village in Hamphhire,
WETHERSFIELD, atownof the United three miles w of Andover, famous for an
States, in Connecticut, noted for raifing annual fairon theroth of Ogtober, for theep,
onions. It is four miles s of Hartford, leather, hops, and cheefe. It is one of
WertTrr, a lake of Sweden, in Goth- the largeft fairs in England, and has booths
land, se of the lake Wenner. [t is 80 ereéted for the fale ot all kinds of goods.
miles from N to s, and 25 from E to w. WeymourH, a town in Dorfetthire,
‘WETTINGEN, a town of Swifferland, incorporated with that of Melcomb-Regis,
on the Limmat, one mile s of Baden. but a diftin&t borough. It is feated on
Its wooden bridge is a beautiful piece of the w fide of an inlet of the fea: but its
mechanifm, 240 feet long, and {uipended port is injured by the fand, that its trade,
20 feet above the furface of the water. It which was once confiderahe, is much re-
is the laft work of Grubenman, the felf- duced, a few thips oy being fent hence
taught architeét, and is far more elegant. to Newfoundland. his decline is, in
than his bridge at Scauffhaufen. fome degree, compenfated by the great
_WETZLAR, @ free imperial town of refort of perfons of all ranks, for the pur-
Germany, in Weteravia, furrounded by pole of fea-bathing, for which it is ex-
ditches and walls flanked with towers, cellently fitted by its remarkable fine
The inhabitants are proteftants, and have beach; and their majefties and the royal
a council of 24 members. In 1693, the family have often honoured it with their
imperial chamber was transferred hither refidence for many weeks. A few plain
from Spire, on account of the wars which and {triped cottons are made here. Wey-
ravaged the paltin:te. It is feated at the mouth is 130 miles wsw.of London. See
confluence of the Lahn,. Difle, and Dillen, MELCOMB-ReEoIs.
five miles s of Solms, and 78 N by of Wuuipan, a kingdom of Guinea, on
Spire. Lon. 8 328, lat. 50 26N. the Slave Coaft, extending about ro miles
WeExrorD, a county of Ireland, inthe along the A:lantic, under6 29 8 lat. All
province of Muntfter, 38 miles long and the Europeans who have been in thig
24 broad; bounded on the N by Wick- country extol it as the moft beautiful in
low, on the E by St. George’s Channel, the world. The trees are ftraight, tall,
on the s by the Atlantic Ocean, on the and difpofed in the moft regular order,
w by Waterford and Kilkenny, and on prefenting to the eye fine long groves and
the Nw by Catherlough. If contains 109 avenues, clear of all brufhwood and weeds,
parithes, {ends 18 members to parliament, The verdure of the meadows ; the rich-
and is fruitful ip corn and grais. ne/s of the fields, clothed with different
WExFORD, a confiderable feaport of kinds of corn, roots, and fruits; and the
Treland, capital of a county of the fame multitude of houfes, with a ftream mur-
mame. It was once reckoned the chiet muring down the déclivity to the fea ;
city in Ireland, being the firft colony of form the moft delightful profpeé& thag
the Englith, and has a very commodious fancy can conceive. Here fpring and au-
harbour at the mouth of the Slana, on a tumn reign perpetually in alternate fuce
bay of St. George’s Channel. It is 33 ceffion, for no fooner has the hufbandmay
miles ENE of Waterford, and 75 s of cut his corn, than he again ploughs and
Dublin. Lon. 6 3w, lat. 52:18 N. " - fows, and the next crop is as vigorous ag
Wexi0, 2 feaport of Sweden, in Smo- the former. — Notwithitanding its {mal}
(and, -feated‘on'a-lake, which contains a extent, this a said divided into 2$
t3
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WHI
rovinces ; and.it is fo populous, that one
ingle village contains as many inhabitants
as {ome intire "Pingdome on the coaft of
Guinea, Thé people, in their manners,
have been compared to the Chinefe: the
fame perievering induftry, ceremonious
civility, jealous affe&tion tor their women,
and thievih inclinations in tyade, prevail
in both countries. The women ‘ill the
Jand for their hufbandé, unlefs they happen
to be very beautiful; in which cafe they
are maintained at heme, with all the
mp of eaftern nations, but with the
fs of liberty alfo, being never permitted
to ftir abroad, nor to receive vifitors; and,
on the leaft fufpicion, they are fold by
their hufbands to the Europeans. An
adulterer is not only punithed with death,
but his whole family are involved in the
coniequences of his guilt. Bows, ar-
vows, aflagnays, and dubs, are the pee
cipal weapons of the Whidanefe. They
have no diftinétion of hours, days, weeks,
or ftated periods; and yet, without, pen,
ink, or the affiftance of artificial arith-
metic, they calculate any thing with great
accuracy. They are faid to have a taint
idea of a Supreme Being, to whom they
attribute omnipotence and ubiquity, whom
they confider as the Creator of the uni-
verte, and to whom, in conlequence, they
fuppofe their fetichcs are inferior. He
is, they fay, tco highly exalted to
have any concern about his creatures ; and
the government of the world he leaves to
the fetiches, to whom, therefore, they
apply, as the mediators between God and
them. Thefe fetiches are divided into
three claffes ; fnakes, tall trees, and the
fea; and fometimes they add a fourth,
namely, the chief river of the kingdom,
the Euphrates, The deified fhakes are
about a yard long amazingly tame and
€
familiar ; being fed and even fondled by
the negroes: no infult or injury can be
offered to them by a native, under pain of
eath; and, were even an European to
afront them, he would run great hazards.
Here are oxeri, cows, goats, fheep, hogs,
turkies, ducks, and hens, which laft are
extremely plentiful; alto elephants, buf-
faloes, tigers, feveral kinds of deer, and
a fort of hares. ‘I‘he fruits are citrons,
Iemons, oranges, hananas, tamarinds, &c,
ye there are vatt numbers of palm-trees,
rom which much wine is made. The
trade confifts of flaves, elephants teeth,
wax, and honéy; and the chiet manufac-
tures are cloths, umbrellas, batkets, pitch-
ers for pito’ or beer, plates and dithes of
Wood, gourds finely ornamented, white
‘ahd blue paper, &c. In 1727, the king
WHI
of Dahomay reduced this co to the —
Vier, ox
ftate of a dependent province.
Sabi, is the capital. 4
Wuirny, a confiderable feaport in the
N riding of Yorkshire, witha, market on
Saturday, It is feated near, the mouth of
the Efk, and has a great traffic in the build.
ing of ships, and in the carrying bufine(s,
Its harbour is the beft on this coait, and
has a fine pier, but it has no river-com-
munication with the inland country. Se-
veral fhips are fent hence to the Greenland
fihery, Whitby is the birthplace of that
great circumnavigator, captain James
ook. In 1787, a dreadful accident hap-
pened here, on the 24th of December, at
midnight: A ftrong new-built quay, run-
ning parallel to a high cliff, and fupport-
ing a pile'of building, 80 feet above the
margin of the fea, unable to fuftain the
nenthene of the earth above, menaced ap-
proaching danger. ‘The people had hardly
time to eicape with their clothes, before
it bowed, and fell with a thundering crafh,
followed by large matles of earth, inter-
mixed with ftones from three to fix tons
weight. ‘The fcene exhibited in the morn-
ing was dreadful beyond defcription. On
the high cliff, 30 yards from its extremity,
ftood the remains of the maffy church of
an ancient abbey. This venerable ftruc-
ture appeared in imminent danger, the
groun being ‘obferved to fink, at the
iftance of ten yards from its tower. It
ftood, however, till the :2th of November
1794, when the greateft part of the w
end fell to the ground; fo that this beau-
tiful fpecimen of Gothic architecture is
now no more, Whitby. is 50 miles ne of
York, and 243 N of London, Lon.o 24
W, lat. 54 30N.
WHITCHURCH, 4 decayed borough in
Hamphhire, with a market on Friday, It
fends two members to parliament, and is
24 miles £ by n of Salifbury, and 58 w
by s of London. Lon.1 10W, lat. 53
I5.N. '
WHITCHURCH, a town in Shropthire,
with a market on Friday, 20 miles,N of
Shrewfbury, and 161 Nw of London,
Lon. 2 40 W, lat. 52 ON.
WuircHurcH, or LittTLe STAN-
MORE, a village near Edgware, in Mid-
dlefex, celebrated for a magnificent feat,
called Canons, built by James firft duke
_ot Chandos, in 1712. Here that nobleman
lived, for fome time, in, a kind of segal
ftate ; and here,he died in 1744. It was
demolifhed in 3747, and the, materials
were fold by augtion. ‘1 he, church’ ¢on-
Canons ;., the’. hody....of it -was
tains all that pow: xemains\of the magni-
ficence Os
puilt, and
duke-
land, with
feated on @
on the W
WHITEH
y end of @
or quarry °
name to th
hel of a
44° N.
WIB
built, and bewutifully adorned by the
duke. It is eight miles Nw of London.
WHITEHAVEN, a feaport in Cumber-
land, with a market on Tuefday. It is
feated on a creek of the Irith Sea, on the
n end of a great hill, wathed by the tide
on the w fide, where there is a large rock,
or quarry of hard white ftone, which gives
name to the place, and which, with the
help of a ftrong ftone wall, fecures the
harbour. It is lately much improved in
its buildings, and noted for its trade in
pitcoal and {alt, there being near it a pro-
digious coal-mine, which runs a confider-
able way under the fea. A good trade
is alfo carried on to Ireland, Scotland,
Chefter, Briftol, and to the W Indies.
It is 10 miles sw of Cockermouth, and
305 Nw of London. Lon. 3 34 w, lat.
5436 N.
' Wuitre Mounrains, the higheft part
of a ridge of mountains, in the ftate of
New Hamphhire, in N America. They
extend NE and sw; and their height
above an adjacent meadow, is 5500 feet ;
and the meadow is 3560 feet above the
I.vel of the fea. The {now and ice cover
them nine or ten months in the year;
and during that time they exhibit the
bright eppeatance from which they are
denominated the White Mountains. Al-
though they are 70 miles inland, they are
tee;, many leagues off at fea, and appear
like an exceedingly bright cloud in the
horizon. Their highet fummit is in lat.
44° N.
Wuite Sga, a bay of the Frozen
Ocean, in the N part of Ruffia, on the g
fide of which ftands the city of Archan-
gel.
WHITSUNTIDE ISLAND, one of the
New Hebrides, in the Pacific Ocean. It
is 12 miles long and five broad, and was
difcovered by captain Wallis, on Whit-
funday, 1767. Lon. 168 20 £, lat, 15
44.5
WHITTLEBURY FOREST, a foreft in
the s part of Northamptonfhire, nine
miles in length, and, in fome parts, above
three in breadth. Here the wild cat is
ftill found. In 1685, the firft duke of
Grafton was appointed hereditary ranger
of this foreft, in which the prefent duke
has a fine feat, called Wakeheld Lodge,
WiBuRGH, a government of Ruiffia,
formerly Ruffian Finland, and comprifed in
Carelia. It was ceded by the Swedes to the
Ruffians, partly by the peace of Nyaat
in 1721, and partly by the treaty of Abo
in 1743. Befide pattures, the country
yroduces rye, oats, and barley, but not
fafficient fox the inhabitants. It retains
WiIc
its own civil. and criminal courts of juf-
tice ; in penal cafes, not capital, the pu-
nifhments prelcribed by the provincial ju-
dicature ate inflicted; but whenever
criminal is condemned to death, the Rul-
fian Jaws interpofe, and reprieving him
from the fentence of beheading or hang-
ing as enjoined by the Swedith code, con.
fign him’'to the knoot’ and tranfportation
to Siberia, In the governor's court, bu-
fines is tranfafted in the Swedith, Ger,
man, and Ruifian tongues. ‘The peafants
talk only the Finnith didle&t ; but the iny
habitants of the towns uhderfeand Swedifh
alfo, and many of them German. Luthe-
ranifm is the eftablithed religion ; but the
Greek worfhip has been introduced by the
Ruffians.
WisvrcH, a commercial feaport of
Ruifia, capital of a government of the
fame name, with a bithop’s fee, and
ftrong citadel. It contains about 200
inhabitants. A few houfes are conftruy. 4
with brick; but the greatelt part are of
wood. It is feated on the N fide of the
gulf of Finland, 67 miles N by w of
Nortburgh, and 250 Nz of Riga. Lon,
29 108, lat.60 56N.
WiBuRGH, a confiderable town of
Denmark, in'N Jutland, with a bifhop’s
fee. It is the feat of the chief court of
juftice in the province. In 1726, a tere
rible fire burnt the cathedial, a church,
the townhoufe, and the bifhop’s palace ;
but they have all been magnificently re-
built. It is feated on a lake, ina enin-
fula, 95 miles N of Slefwick, and 119
Nw of Cophenhagen. Lon. 9g 508, lat.
56 20N.
Wick, a borough and feaport in Caith-
nefsfhire, feated on an inlet of the German
Ocean, s of Nofe Head. Lon. 3 2 w,
lat. 58 30N,
Wick, a fortified town of Dutch
Limburg, feated on the Maefe, oppofite
Maeftricht, with which it communicates
by a bridge. Lon. 5 42 B, lat. so
52 N.
WICK-BY-DUERSTEDE, an ancient
town of the United Provinces, in Utrecht,
with a ftrong caftle. It is feated at the
place where the Leck ‘branches off from
the Rhine, nine miles w of Rhenen, and
15 SE of Utrecht. Lon. 5 228, lat. 52
ON. .
WICKLOW, a county of Ireland, in
the province of Leinfter, 33 miles long
and 20 broad; bounded on the N by’ Dub-
lin, on the & by. the Irith Sea, on the
by Wexford, on the W by Catherlo
and, Kildare, and on the Nw by Kildare
*
It is indifferently sph sonsains sé
Se
7
‘eee een ee ete Bharat
oes.
on SF
ee ee
=—_—_
SESE eee
© = ——
a cao:
SE Sete.
SS
Sees
WIG
purithes, and fends yo members to parlia-
tnent.
WICKLOW, the capital of a county of
the frame name, in Ireland, It is feated
on the Irifh Sea, with a narrow harbour, -
at the mouth of the riyer Leitrim, over
which {ftands a rock, furrounded by a
ftrong wall; 24 miles s of Dublin. Lon.
67W, lat. 52 55N.
WICKWARE, a corporate town in
Gloucefterfhire, governed by a mayor,
with a market on Monday. It is 17 miles
we. of Briftol, and 111 w of London.
Lon: 2 16 w, lat. 51 36 N. :
Wiep, a {mall principality of Germany,
in the circle of the Upper Rhine. The
capital is Neuwicd.
WigluN, a town of. Great Poland, in
the palatinate of Siradia. It was ruined
by the Swedes in 1656, but has been
fince rebuilt, and has a good caftle. %t
s feated on a river which falls into the
Marta, 20 miles s of Siradia. Lon. 18
55E, lat. sx 12 N.
“WIELITSKA, a village of Poland,
fately included in the palatinate of Cra-
tow, but now comprifed in the Auftrian
kingdom of Lodomeria. It is celebated
for its falt-mines, which lie eight miles
sz of Cracow. In thefe ixexhauftible
mines, are feveral finall chapels excavated
in 'the falt, in which mafe is faid on cer-
tain days of the year. One of thefe cha-
pels is 30 feet long and 25 broad; the
altar, crucifix, ftatues, and ornaments, all
carved out of the fait. Thefe mines are
of a mot ftupendous extent and depth,
and perfeétly dry. There is, however,
one {mall {pring of water, which is im-
pregnated with falt, as it uns through
the mine. Thefe mines have been worked
above 600 years. Before the partition
of Poland, in 1772, they furnifhed a
confiderable part of the revenue of the
king, who drew .from them an average
profit of about 97,0001. fterling,
'. WIGAN, a Sorough in Laacathire, with
a market on, Monday and Friday. It is
governed by a mayor, and fends two
members to parliamént. Here the ftronge?
checks aie made, arid. other articles of
linen ‘and cotton manufagture. That
elegint fpecies’ of coal, called Cannel,
is found 'in plenty and ‘great perfection in
the neighbourhood. ‘The river Douglas
is made navigable hence to the Ribble;
and it'is joined by'a canal from Liverpool.
Wigan i's ‘30 miles s of Lancafter, and
496° NNW of London: Lon..2 50 w, lat.
$3.34. pn vd at coca dis
“““"WiGHT, an ifland on the coaft of
Hampfhire, from whith it ‘is feparated
WIG
by a narrow channel, It is 23 miles lon
and 13 broad, and divided nearly into
eanal parts by the river Mede or OWES,
which rifing in the fouthern angle, enters
at the northern, into the Thanwats pofite
the mouth of Southampton Bay. he §
coaft is edged with very fteep cliffs of
chalk and treeftone, hollowed: into c¢a-
verns in various parts. The w fide is
fenced with ridges of socks, of. which
the moft remarkable are thofe called,
from their fharp extremities, the Needles.
Between the ifland and the mainland are
various fandbanks, efpecially off the eaftern
part, where is the fate road of St. Helen's.
Acrofs the ifland,. from £ to w, runs a
ridge of fine downs, with a chalky or
marly foil, which feed a great number of
fine fleeced theep. Rabbits are alfo very
plentiful here. To the Nn of this ridge
the land is chiefly pafture: to the s of it
is a rich arable country, producing great
crops ef corn. The variety of pro{peéts
which this ifland affords, its rail air, and
the neat manner in which the fields are laid
out, render it a very delightful fpot. It
is devoted almoft foleiy to hufbandry, and
is one of the principal refources ~* the
London market for barley. Among its.
produéts are a pure white pipe clay,
and a fine white cryftalline fand; of the
latter great quantities are exported for the
ufe ot the glafs-works in various parts,
Its principal town is the borough of New-
port: it likewife contains the two {mall
boroughs of Newton and Yarmouth.
WIGHTON, a town in the E riding of
Yorkthire, with a markei on Wednefday.
feated at the fource of the Skelfler, 16
miles sz of York, and 192 N by w of
London. Lon.o 40ow, lat. 54 52N.
WIGTON, a town in Cumberland,
with. a ruarket on Tuefday, feated amon
the moors, 12 miles sw of Carlifle, nd
304 NNW of London.” Lon. 3 4w, lat.
§4_5ON.
_ WicToN, = borough and feaport, the ,
county-town of Wigtonthire. “On the’$
fide are the veftiges of an ‘ancient caftle ;
and to the NE is a great morafs, called
the Mofs of Cvee. It is fituate on a hill,
which overlooks the bay of ‘Wigton, 95
miles sw of Edinburgh. Lon. 4 43 w,
lat. 55 oN. Aerie tea
WIGTONSHIRE, a county of Scotland,
fometimés called Uppergr West GAL-
LOWAaY >} bounded on the N by Ayrhhire,
on the £ by Kireudbrightfhire, and on
‘the sand w by the Irith Sea, Tts greateft
extent, in any direction, does riot exceed
30 miles. The W part, called the Moors,
ig ndked and mountainous, Great num-
jn the p
Sweita,
never a
miles |
Jat. 37
WII
Hollan
Orangt
it ftan
Jand D
the Dr
WIL
hers of fheep and black-cattle are raifed
here; and they have a {mall breed of
horfes peculiar to this county: they are
called galloways, and are very ftrong and
gentle.
WIHITSCH, ‘2 frontier town of Euro-
ean Turkey, in Bofnia, feated on a
ake formed by the river Unna, 40 miles
sE of Carlftadt. Lon. 16 10 By lat. 45
N.
MviLDE SHUSEN, a town of Weftphalia,
capital of a fmall bailiwic, united to the
-uchy of Bremen. It is feated on the
Hunde, 18 miles sw of Bremen. Lon.
8 278, lat. §2 55N.
WILKESBOROUGH, the county-town
of Luzerne, in Pennfylvania, on the NE
branch of the Su(quehannah. Lon. 75 59
w, lat.41.13N.
WILKOMER, a town of Lithuania,
in the palatinate of Wilna, feated on the
Sweita, 45 miles Nw of Wilna. Lon.
24 54£, lat. 55 19 N.
WILLiaM, Forr. See CaLcuTra,
WILLIAM, Fort, a fort in Invernefs.
of a triangular form, fituate on Loch Eil,
where that arm of the fea bens to
the nw. i
WILLIAMSBURG, a town of Virginia,
formerly capital of that ftate. It is fitu-
ate between two creeks; one falling into
James, and the other into York River.
The diftance of each landing place is
about a mile from the town, which, with
the difadvantage of not being able ‘to
bring up Sarge veffels, has occafioned its
decay. “ere is a college, defigned for
the education of the Indians, but which
never anfwered the purpofe. It is 60
miles E of Richmond. Lon. 76 30 w,
Jat. 37 10 N.
WILLIAMSTAD «, a ftrong feaport of
Holland, built by William 1, prince ,of
Orange, in 1585. The river near which
it ftands, is called Butterfliet, or Hol-
Jand Diep, and is one of the bulwarks of
the Dutch on the fide of Bravant. ‘This
place made a gallant defence, in 1793,
‘again the French, who were obliged to
raife the fiege ; but it furrendered to them
in January 1795. It is 15 miles NE of
Bergen-op-Zoom, and 12 sw of Dat.
Lon. 4 308, lat. 51 35 N.
" Wituis’ Isuanp, a rocky ifland at
the n'end of the ifland of Southern Geor-
gia. It was difcovered in 1775, and con-
‘tained the nefts of many thoufand fhags.
Lon. 38 29 W, lat. 54 05. ;
WILLISAW, a town of Swifferland,
in the canton of Lucern, feated among
high mountains, ‘on the river Wiger, 25
mules NW of Lucern,” °° 8
SS ee
WIL
‘WILMINGTON, a town of the United
States, the largeft and pleafanteit in the
ftate of Delaware. It is fituate on Chrift
tiana Creek, near two miles w of the
river Delaware, and 28 of Philadelphia.
WILMINGTON, a town of N Carolina,
fituate on the EB fide of the BE branch of
Cape Fear River, 34 miles N of Cape
Fear, and 85 sw of Newburn.
WILNA, a large, populous, and com-
mercial city of Lithuania, in a palatinate
of the fame name, with a bifhop's fee, a
aniverfity, an ancient caftle, and a palace.’
The houfes are all built of wood. It
was taken by the Ruffians in 1794; and
is feated at the confluence of’ the Vilia
and Wilna, 15 miles & of Troki, and
215 NE of Warfaw. Lon. 25 39£, lat.
54 38 N. '
WiLSHOVEN, a town of Germany, in
Bavaria, feated at the confluence: of the
Wils and Danube, 30 miles’ Nw of
Paffau.
WILSNACH, a town of Germany, in
the margravate of Brandenburg, f{eated
on a rivulet that falls not far from it into
the Elbe.
WILTON, an ancient borough in Wilt-
fhire, with a market on Wednefday. It
was formerly the capital of the county,
but now a mean town, though it fends
two members to parliament, and has a
manufaéture of carpets and thin woolles
ftuffs. It is feated at the conflux of the
Willy and Nadder, féven miles Nw of
Salifbury, and 85 w by s of London.
Lon. 1 52.Ww, lat. sr 5N.
WILTSHIRE, a county of England, fo
called from the town of Wilton, once its
capital. It is 53 miles long and 38
broad; bounded on the NE by Berkhhire,
on the £ by Berkthire and Hamphhire, on
the w by Somerfetfhire, on the s by Dor-
fetfhire and Hampthire, and on the nw
and n by Gloucetter. The ‘air is fweet
and healthy, though fomething fharp on
the hiils in winter; but it is mild durin
that feafon in the vales. ‘The land in the
N parts is generally hilly and woody, but
very fertile; here being made that kind
of cheefe which is fo much etficemed as
North Wiltthire. In the s it is rich and
fertile. In the middle it chiefly confifts
of downs, that afford the beft pafture for
fheep; and in the vallies, which divide
the downs, are corn-fields, and rich mea-
dows, Its chief commodities are theep,
wool, wood, and ftone; of this la“ there
are excellent quarries on the banks of
the Nadder, where fome of the ftones are
20 yards in length, and four in thicknefs,
without a flaw. The chief manufactures
See ae
PLE LAE ed
4
i
f
1}
|
(
y' ae
\
Fo ape seamen mi
BASSE ~
a
4
i
ation
aa ego
WIN
are the different branches of the clothing
trade. | The principal rivers are the
Upper and Lower Avon, the Nadder,
Wit » Bourne, and Kennet. This county
lies in the diocefe of Salifbury ; contains
29 hundreds, one city, 24 market-towns,
and 304 parifhes; and fends 34 members
to parliament. Salifbury is the capital.
WIMBLETON, a viljage in Surry, on
a fine elevated heath, feven miles sw of
London. Earl Spencer has a park he's,
from which may be {cen 19 parifh churches,
exclufive of thofe of London and Weft=
minfter. On the sw angle of Wimbledon
Common, is a ciscular encampment, in-
cluding feven acres; the trench very deep
and perfect. Camden is of opinion, that
this was the fite of a battle in 568, be-
tween Ceaulin, king of the Welt Saxons,
and Ethelbert, king of Kent, in which
the latter was deteated. On the fame
cornmon, near the village, is a well, the
water of which is never known to freeze.
At Wimbledon are copper mills, a ma-
nufaéture for printing callicoes, and
another of japan ware.
WIMPSEN, 2a free imperial town of
Suabia, feated on the Neckar, eight miles
wn of Hailbron, and 22 E of Heidelberg,
Lon. 9 258, lat.49 20N.
WINBORN, or WINBORN MINSTER,
a town in Dorfetthire, with a market on
Friday. It had a monafter7, in which
were interred the W Saxon kings Ethel-
dred and Sigeforth, and queen Ethelburga.
Its noble church, called the Minfter, is
built cathedral-wife, and was formerly
collegiate. It is feated between the Stour
and Bien, fix miles n of Poole, and 102
sw of London. Lon. 2 1 W, lat. 50 47 N.
' WINCAUNTON, a town in Somerfet-
fhire, with a market on Wedneiday,
feated on the fide of a hill, 24 miles s of
. Bath, and 108 w by s of London. Lon.
2 318W, lat. 51 1N.
WINCHCOMB, a town in Gloucelter-
fhire, with a market on Saturday. It
was formerly noted for its abbey, whole
mitred abbot fat in parliament. It is
feated in a deep bottom, 16 miles Nz of
“loucelter, and 93 wNw of London.
Lon.:2z ow, lat. 51 55N-
cf
WINcHELSEA,.a town in Suffex, one,
of the cinque ports. It was built in the
reign of \ Iward 1, when a more ancient
town of the fame name, which had 18
churches, ard was diftant about three
‘miles, was {wallowed up by the fea, in a
terrible tempeft, The new town being
facked by the French and Spaniards, and
deferted by the fea, dwindled to a mean
plice; but it is governed by @ mayor,
WIN
and fends two members to parlia:
Tt is feated on a rocky cliff, es an “inlet
of the fea, and had a haven, now choked
up. Three of the gates are ftill ftanding,
but much decayed: they are three miles
afunder. Winchelfea is two miles sw of
Rye, and 71 sw of London. Lon. o 44
Ey lat. 50 58N.
WINCHESTER, an ancient city in
Hamphhire, with a market on Weduefday
and Saturday. It is one mile anda half
in circumference round the walls, which
are greatly decayed, and through them
are four gates. Here are fix Mutchias,
befide the cathedral, a beautiful ftructure,
in. which were intered feveral Saxon kings
and queens, whofe bones were collefted b
bifhop Fox, put into fix fmall gilded cof
fins, and placed on a wall in the s fide
of the choir. In this cathedral alfo is the
marble coffin of William Rufus, and,
among other mouuments, are- thofe of
William of Wykeham, cardinal Beaufort,
and Benjamin Hoadly, all bifhops of this
fee. On afine eminence, overlooking the
city, is the fhell of a palace, built for
Charles 11, but never finithed ; in the lats
wars it was fitted up for the reception >°
pees of war, but is now ins:
a great number of the French emigrant
clergy. Wear this palace is St. Mary’s
College, founded by William of Wyke-
ham, for a warden, 70 {cholars, 10 fel-
lows, three chaplains, three clerks, a
{choolmafter, ufher, organift, and 16
chorifters: the fcholars are educated for
New College, Oxford. Near the s end
of the city is the hofpital of St. Crofs,
founded by a hifhop of this fee, for a
matter, nine poor brethren, and four out-
penfioners. All travellers, who call at
this hofpital, have a right to demand
fome bread and beer, which is always
brought tu them. . Near the E gate of t
city is St. John’s hofpital, in the hall of
which the corporation give their enter-
tainments. Winchetter was of great note
in the time of the Saxons, and here Egbert
was crowned the firft fole monarch of
England. Here Henry 11 held a parlia-
ment, king John refided, Henry 111 was
born, Richard ut held a parliament, and
Henry 1v was married, as was alfo queen
Mary 1. The. city is governed by a
mayor, and fends two members to parlia-
ment. It is feated in a valley, on the
river Itchen, 21 miles NwW.of Chichefter,
and 63 W by n of London. Lon.1 23
Ww, lat. 51 5N. ;
WINCHESTER, a town of Virginia,
with a great manufacture of hats and
another of faddles. It is {eated on the
ad
g ne
i
Me Bi
1 |
.
A |
x
a |
Potomac,\.r1
at the mouth
70 miles N
Memel. La
WINDER!
DER-MERE)|
England, ly
Lancafhire.
to $, but in
and exhibit
landfcapes t
is famous fe
alfo with t
It has a co
Efthwaite-v
are the rive
lake is freq
tories, and
thefe, the
Metling is
WINDL
the duchy
Neckar, 1
WINDS
county of
commonly
nington i
feated on
of Bennin
WinDs
Berkthire,
‘Thames,
‘s celebr
trilt ori
fyucvor.
ara was
yuor-rehs
in it) ca
taken d
ftructure
ftituted |
addition:
Henry \
Charles
{plendou
made th
qpartme
terrace
on the !
another
His: pre
WIN WIN
Potomac,\115 miles N by w of Rich- fine improvements in its. This caftheis
mond. - feated on a higi uill, which rifes by a
WINDAW, a town of the duchy of gentle afcent. On the declivity of this.
Courland, with a caftle, and a harbour hill is the fine terrace, faced with a ram-
at the mouth of the Wetaw, inthe Baltic, part of freeftone, 1870 feet in length: it
70 miles Nw of Mittau, and 100 N of is one of the nobleft walks in Europe,
Memel, Lon, 22 58, lat. 57 20N. with refpect to ftrength, grandeur, and
WINDERMERE-"YATER, or WINAN- profpects. . From that part of the ‘caitle,
DER-MERE, the moie extenfive lake in called the Round Tower, is an extenfive
England; lying between Weftmorland and view to London, and into the counties of
Lancafhire. It extends 10 miles fromrn Berks, Middleiex, Effex, Herts, Bucks,
to. $, but in no part broader than a mile; Oxford, Wilts, Hants, Surry, Suffex,
and exhibits a greater variety of fine Kent, and Bedford. St. George's Cha-
landfcapes than any lake in England. It pel; or the collegiate chuich, which ftands
is famous for its fine char, atid abounds between the upper and lower courts; is a
alfo with trout, perch, pike, and eel, deautifyl Gotuic ftructure, originally
It has a communication on the w with erected by Edward 111, in 1377; in honour
Efthwaite-water ; and its principal fecuers of the order of the garter. Edward iv,
fide are the rivers Rothay and Brathay. This finding it not completed; enlarged the de-
the [Mm lake is frequently interfegted by promon- fign, and began the prefent building,
and, tories, and {potted with iflands. Among which was finithed by Henry vir. The
e of thefe, the Holme, or Great Ifland, an interior architefture is greatly admired;
fort, oblong tract of 30 acres, croffes the lake particularly its ftone roof; and the whole
this Q@q in an oblique line, furrounded by anum- was repaired and beautified in 1790. In
kthe [VA ber of inferior ifles, finely wooded. Not this chapel are interred Henry vi, Ed-
for {im one bulruth, or fwampy reed, defiles the ward 1v, Henry vit, his queen Jane
lats margin of this lake. ‘ Seymour, and Charles 1. The royal
Re WINDHAM. See WYMONDHAM. foundations in this caftle are; the order
: ; WINDISMERK, a territory of Ger- of the garter, inftituted in 1349, con.
bare many, forming the & part of Carniola, fifting of the fovereign, and 25 knights
y's | Metling is the capital. - companions, exclufive of the princes of
yke- . WINDLINGEN, a town of Suabia, in the blood royal; and the royal college of
fel- the duchy of Wirtemburg, feated on the St. George, confifling of a dean, 12
» 3 m Neckar, 12°miles from Stutgard. ‘ canons, {even minor canons, ahd 18 poof
16h WINDSOR, a town of Vermont, inthe knights. Oppofite the se fide of the
for county of Windfor, where the affembly cattle, is a modern-built manfion, called
end commonly holds its feilion although Ben- the Queen’s Lodge, which is the royal
ofs, nington is the principal town. It is refidence in fummer; and below this is
ra < feated on the Conneéticut, 98 miles NE the Lower Lodge, for the accommodation
ut- =f of Bennington, of the younger branches of the royal fa-
| at Winpsor, a confiderable borough in mily. -Xdjoining the Queen's Lodge is
and Berkthire, feated on an eminence, on the the Little Park, which extends round the
ays ‘Thames, with a market on Saturday. It N and E fides of the caftle, and forms a
the . <« celebrated for its magnificent caftle, beautiful lawn, for miles in circumfere
| of wy ‘nuit originally by William the Con- ence. On the s fide of the town is the
cr- =o! =e gqucvor. It was enlarged by Henry 1, Great Park, which is 14 miles in cir-
ote is =a was the refidence of the fucceeding cumference. It has a noble road from
ert me = =6auer-rchs, till Edward 111 (who was born the town, through advuble plantation of
of in it) caufed the ancient building to be trees, to the Ranger’s Lodge, which was
la~ taken down, and ereéted the prefent a2 favorite refidence of William duke of
yas ftruéture and St. George’s chapel, and in- Cumberland, who laid out vaft fums in
nd ftituted the order of the garter. Great the decoration of different parts of the
en additions v-ere made to it by Edward tv, park. On the death of the laft ranger,
af Henry vii, Henry vii, and Elifabeth. Henry Frederic duke of Cumberland, his
ia- . Charles 11 reftored the caftle to its prittine majeity took the management of this
he i” {plendour: he enlarsed the windows, and park into his own hands: and the ime
ty oy made them regular; furnifhed the royal provements made by his majeity, are very
2% % 4 qpartments with paintings; enlarged the confiderable with refpect to agricultural
ma 6s terrace walk, made by queen Elifabeth utility, as well as rural beauty. © Windfor
>, © on the n fide of the caftle; and carried is 17 miles & by N of Reading, and
nd another terrace round the z and s fides. 22 wof London. Lon.o 46 w, Jat, 5s
hc His prefent majeity has alfo made very 30 N.
eee a en ae ae
aa etn ener igen
WIN
: Winpsor Forest, a foreft in the £
part of Berkthire, 30 miles in circumfer-
ence. Though the foil is generally barren
and uncultivated, it is finely diverfified
By hills and dales, woods and lawns, and
delightful villas. It contains feveral
towns and villages, of which Okingham,
near the centre of the foreft, is the prin-
cipal. See BINFIELD. |
Winpwarp Isianps, fuch of the
Carribbean Iflands, in the W Indies, as
commence at Martinico, and extend to
‘Tobago. ee
WINnpwWarp Passace, the ftrait be-
tween Point Maizi, at the E end of the
ifland of:Cuba, and Cape St. Nicholas, at
the Nw extremity of St. Domingo.
WINNICZA, a {trong town of Poland,
in Podolia, capital of a territory of the
fame name, with a caftle. It was taken
by the Coflacks in 1658, but retaken
foon after. It is feated on the river Bog,
35 miles n of Bracklaw. Lon. 23 128,
Jat. 49 23. ;
WINscHOTIN, » *vvn of the United
Provinces, in Gronis Here, in 1568,
was fought the firft ba... between the re-
volted Dutch and the Spaniards, who
were defeated by prince Lewis, brother
to William 1, prince of Orange. It is
fix miles sw of Dollart Bay, and 16 sz
of Groningen. Lon. 6 58 £, lat. 53 3.N.
-WINsEN, 2 town of Lower Saxony, in
the duchy of Lunenburg, feated at the
confluence of the Elbe and Ilmenau, 33
miles Nw of/Lunenburg. Lon. 10 118,
lat.53 24.
WINSHEIM, animperial town of Fran-
conia, in the margravate of An{pach.
It is furrounded by a good rampart, a
double ditch, and thick walls flanked
with 20 towers. The inhabitants are
proteftants. In:1730, a fire reduced al-
moft the whole town to afhes. It is
feated on the Aifch, 30 miles NW of
Nuremburg. Lon. 10 318, lat. 49 32 N.
WINSLOW, a town in Buckingham-
thire, with a market on Tuefday, feven
miles Nw of Ailefbury, and 50 wNw of
London. Lon.o 45 w, lat.51 57N.
Winstrer, a town in Derbyhhire,
which has a meeting for the fale of provi-
fions on Saturday. It is five miles Nw of
Derby, and 152 NNw of London.
WINTERTHUR, a town of Swifferland,
in the canton of Zuric, where there is a
sich library and a mineral fpring. It is
feated in a fertile plain, on the river
Ulach, 15 miles NE of Zuric. Lon. 8
4528, lat.47 31N.
WINTERTONNESS, the Ne& cape of
. Norfolk, four miles n of Yarmouth.
Wis
- WiprerFuRT, a town
in the duchy of Bern,
four'ce of the Wipper, whole water is of |
a peculiar quality tor bleaching, 36 miles
ESE of Duffeldorf.
WIRKSWORTH, 2 populous town in
Derbyfhire, with a market on Tue(lay.»
It.is ieated in a valley, near the foeree of
the Ecclefborn, and remarkable for hav.
ing the greateft lead market in England.
It is 13 miles N by w of Derby, and
139 NNW of London. Lon.1 30w, lat.
53 6N. é
WIRTEMBURG, or WURTENBURG,
a fovereign duchy of Germany, in the
circle of Suabia; bounded on the w by
Franconia, the archbifhopric of ‘Mentz
and: the palatinate of the Rhine; on the
E by the county of Oeting, the marquifate
of Burgaw, and’ the territory of Ulm:
on thé s by the principality of Hohenzol.
lern, the county of Furftenburg, and the
marquifate of Hohenburg ; and on the w
by the marquifate of Baden, and the
Black Foreft. It is 65 miles in length,
and nearly as much in breadth; and is
one of the moft populous and fertile coun-
tries in Germany, though there are many
mountains and woods. It produces plenty
of pafture, corn, fruit, and a great deal
of wine, There are alfo mines and ‘falt
fprings, and much game. Stutgard is
the capital.
WISBADEN, a town of Germany, in
the principalit:: of: Naffau, capital of a
lordthip of the fame ‘name, fubjeét'to the
prince of Naffau-Saarbruck. It is fa-
mous for its warm baths, which were
known to the ancient Romans, and is five
miles N of Mentz. Lon.8 208, lat. 49
56 N.
WISBEACH, a town in Cambridge.
fhire, with a market on Saturday. It is
feated in the Ifle of Ely, between two
rivers, and poffefles a confiderable trade
in the export of corn, and of oil pzefled
from feeds at mills in its neighbourhood.
mc 5 only can come up its river, large
veffels ftopping fix miles below. It is 18
‘miles Nn of Ely, and 89 N by & of London.
Lon.o 68, lat. 52 38N.
WISsByY, a feaport of Sweden, in the
ifle of Gothland, with a caftle. It is
feated ont the fide of a rock, on the Baltic,
88 miles sz of Stockholm. Lon. 18 41
E, lat. 57 36N..
WISET, a fortified town of the Ne-
therlands, in the duchy of Limburg,
feated on the Maefe, feven miles n of
Liege, and 20 Nw of Limburg. Lon.
5 408, lat. 50 41 N.
’ WIsCHGROD, a town of Poland, in
the palatinat 4
Viftula, .3
and 53 NW
lat. §2:44N-
Lon. 8:43 £;
many in it
feated at th
s of Stralfun
WISLOKE
alatinate ©
Matz, eig
WISMAR
Baltic,’ 36
Wis ON
brokefhixe,
It is gover:
merly ftreng
now, a gents
n of Pemb
den... Lon
WITCH
between B
only, confide
that count
ITEPS
pital of a
with a-caft
which rend
its fortific
Ruffians b
It ftands a
and Width
WNW of
Wilna. . .:
WitHs
‘market on
cient Got
from the t
Hill, It
ford, and
41 E, lat
WiTH
which. w
German
Lincoln |
Trent, b
Fofsdike
WITL
the archl
feated on
Wir)
fhire, wi
noted fc
‘blankets
bearfkin:
nw of ¢
‘Lon..t2
| WIT:
in thee
of a te!
feated 0
Caffel,
Wit WOsB
halia} the palatimate of Plock{ko, feated on the WITTEMBERG, 2 trong town of Get-.
' the
18 of ‘
miles.
Viftula, .8 miles. BE -by s of Plockiko, many, capital of the: duchy of Saxony,
and 58 Nw of Warfaw. Lon.19 502, with a famous univerfity, and a cattle.
lat. §2:°44.N. ts It is the place where the general aflem- Hi
WISLOKE, atown of Germany, inthe blies of the circle of Upper Saxony are !
alatinate of the Rhine, feated,on. the held. Martin Luther .was profeffor in 1]
lfatz, eight miles s of Heidelberg. the’univerfity, and + buried in a, chapel hy
Lon. 848 £, lat.49 13.N- belonging to the caile.. It. is feated on i if
i
in
flay >
rce of
Hore WisMaR, a {trong feaport, of Ger- the Elbe, 55 milesinw of Drefden. . Lon.
land. many, in .the duchy, of Mecklenburg, 12.478; lat. 51 49N. eo
, and feated at the bottom of a bay. of the WITTLENSTEINy a town of Ruffia, in HH
» lat Baltic,'36 miles & of Lubec, and66w by the government of Livonia, 40 miles. sz ee!
- s of Stralfund. Lon, 11 44 £, lat.53 54N. of Revel. » Lon. 24 39 By lat. 58 47 Ne. ou
Wis ON, a,corporate town in Pem- | WITTIMUND,/a town of Weftphalia, if
brokethixe, with a.market on. Wednefday. in £ Friefland, feated near the German ty
It is governed by a mayor,, and was‘for- Ocean, 15 miles N of Embden..., on. 7
ys in Wilna.. Lon.29 408, Jat..55 43N- : appearance of the NE and Nw parts, it is bo
of a _, Waruam, a town in Effex, witha the finelt ifland. of the group.’ Nothing ti i| he
o the market on Tuefday.’ Its church, an an- can exceed the verdure. of i hills, the | i| pe
$ fa. cient Gothic {truéture, ftands..one mile variety of wood and lawn, and rich. cul- | i il
were from the town, at a place called Chipping tivated vallies, which the whole face of } i
} five Hill, It;is eight miles we of Chelm{- the country difplays, A bay is formed | i ;
te 49 ford, and 37 ENE of London. Lon..o by the n and w extremities, into which a a i
41 E, lat. 51 51 Ny fine.river empties itfelf, through a deep (| fae
dge. WitHam, a river in Lincolnfhire, valley ; but'the water is brackish for 200 | We
It is which waters Lincoln, and enters the yards from the entrance. It contains 1 ae
two German Ocean, bejpw Botton. From 60,000 inhabitants. Lieutenant Hergift, ii he
rade Lincoln it has a communication with the commander of the. Dedalus ftor-thip, i} al
fled Trent, by a navigable canal, called the .who had been fent from England, in 1791, i - &
ood, Fofsdike, cut by king Henry 1. with a fupply of provifions for the Difco- oie i (
ange WITLISTH, a town of Germany, in very floop, captain Vancouver, then ona | j ||
$18 the archbithopric of Treves, with acaftle, -voyage of difcovery, was here furprifed lig 4
lon. feated on the river Lefer. and myrdered by the natives, together oie Ge
Witney, a populous town in Oxford- with Mr.-Gooch, the-aftronomer. Lon. i 8 &@
the fhire, with a market on Thurfday. Itis 157 51 W, lat.21 43. feist i
is noted for its manufacture of the fineft WOBURN, a town in Bedfordbhire, i hE a
tic, blankets, and other thick woollens, called witha market on Friday. It is feated on {} . 3
41 bearfkins and kerfeys. It-is eight miles a vifing ground, and was formerly famous © iain
Nw of Oxford, and 64 wNw of London. for. its abbey, which now belongs to the iain 2
Ne- Lon..1 18.w,. lat. 51 52.N. ' duke of Bedford, and is his country feat. ae
rg, WiITSHAUSEN, a town of Germany, Woburn, was burnt down in 1724, but i} ve &
of in the-landgravate of Heffe Caffel, capital has been neatly rebuilt, and has a. frees | ag
on. of a territory.of the fame name. It is {chool, and a charity-{chool, founded by 1 ote
feated on the Wefer, eight miles ENE of a duke of Bedford. Near it is found great Nae
in Caffel, Lon} 46%, late 51 24. No plenty.of fuller’s earth, It is 12 miles 5 1 ig
snerly reagthenss with a caftle, which is 4 E,, lat.53 41N.:;
now, a gentleman's, feat. ,It.is 10 milés
n of Pembroke, and 235, wNw of Lon-
den... Lon, 4 52 Wy -lat..51 53 Ne> )
ITCHWOOD, a foreft in Oxfordthiré,
between Burford and Charlbury ; . the
| only, confiderable one. now remaining in
WiITTLESEA-MERE, a Jake in. the Nz
prat-of, Huntingdonfhire, fix miles:long
and three broad. It is: four miles:'s of
Peterborough. .
_.. WIVLESGOMB, a town. in, Somerfet-
fhire, with a market on Tuefday, 20 miles
that county. 5 | 2. ie NNE of Exeter, and 155 w by.s of Len- M4
ITEPSK1, a town of Lithvania, ca- don. , Lon. 3 28Wy, lat.5z 4.Ne a
pital of a palatinate of the dame name, .. WLOSIMEITZ, a town of Little Po- | ‘Ay
with acaftle. It is feated ina morafs, land, in Volhinia, capital of a duchy: of 1} a
which renders its approach difficult; and the fame name, with acaftle. Itisfeated
its fortifications are fo, good, thatthe on the Luy, which falls into the Bag, 36
Ruffians befieged it fevera} tinies in vain. * miles-w.of Lucko, and 56 N of Lemburg.
It ftands at,the confluence of. the Dwina Lon,24 30.£, lat. 51 3N. te
and’ Widtha, 65 miles ‘& of .Polottk, 80 .. WoAHOG; one of the Sandwich Mands,
WNW of Smoleniko, and 165 ENZ of feven leagues Nw of-Morotoi.: :From the
= a
Se
=
silieaaie
SSS
$2 ae
<u SE
Lon-o 42 .w, lat.:52:2N. :
- Wopwnay, «4 town of Bohemia, inthe Lon, 14 48, dats 54 2N,
circle. of Prach, {eated on the Bianitz, WoOLKOsKo1,
Prague; Lon. 14 50 £, lat.42 9N. SE of Novogorod
WOERDEN, a ‘town of the United 39:N...
Provinces, ‘in Holland, feated on the WoL3kowsxa,
Rhine, -#8 miles s of Amiterdam. “It inthe palatinate.o
- Wokey, or OKey, a village in So-
famous cavern, called ‘Wokey Hole,:‘the wick, and 418.N'b
mouth of: which is:15. or 20 feet high, 1.46 wy latiss 34°N.
roof compofed of pendant rocks; Whence Pruffian Pomerania,
a clear water, ot a‘petrifying: quality,
. continually drops. ‘From this grotto 4
fage is a third grotto.
- Woking, a village in’ Surry, five 38 miles n of Riga
miles NNE‘of Guildford.’ In the manors 57 32 N.
houfe here, died Margaret countefs of .
capital of a duchy of the fame ‘name,
ananufafture. . It:is feated near the Oder,
. WOLFENBUTTLE, one of the ftrongeft
don. 10-428, ilat.52 18 N.
WOLPERSDIKXE, ‘an ifland of the -markable ruins.
iN Beveland and 8'Beveland.
1258, lat.52 11 N.
It is.46. miles-e-ofiClagenturt. «Len. 15 4s now a private ‘one.
Wotoast,:a ‘confiderable town of America, which makes
harbours on.the Baltic.. .It is feated on gular in its thape.
woL Woo
of Bedford, and’ 4s NNW of London. thé Pfin, 12 miles sz of G
SE of Stralfund,’ and 45 N
‘ ' t a town of “ tn oo
a2-miles. nw. of Budweis, ard 56 8 of the govérnment of Rovegorotsaee’, a
+ Loneg4 tony lat, 57
a town of -Lithuania,
f ‘No od ,
was taken by the French in 1672 and onthe Ros, 23 rates! ome
1794. ‘Lon. 4 518, lat.52:6N, Lon. 24 46 £; lat. 93 4N.
; _Wooter; @ town ‘in Northum
merfetfhire, on the 8 fide of the Mendip with a market on Thurfday.
Hills, two miles'w-of- Wells. Here is a on the fideof'a hill, 14: miles s of Ber-
y w ot ‘London, Lon.
refembling the infide of-a cathedral; the — Wonuin, a feaport of
capital of an- iff
of the fame name, in re nivuth ‘of i
Oder. “It: is 10 miles w of 'C °
narrow paflage defcends to another of lefe Lon. 14 39 £, lat. 54 4.N. oF \ammin,
height; and beyond a fecond narrow paf- = WOLMAR, a town ‘of Roffia, ‘in the
government of Livonia, feated on the Aa,
we Lon. 24 25 B,, Jat.
WOLSINGHAM, 8 ‘town i un
Richmond, mother of Henry vit. he of Durham; +6 snide wth th oh
dhell of the guard room is (till: remaining. and 259 NNW-of ‘London.
oo WoxincHam. SeeQKiInGHaM. ©» | WOLVERHAMPTON, a flourifhing town
Wotaw, a ftrong town of “Silefia, in Staffordthire,‘ with a good market: on
, -Wednefday. It has an ancient co
with a.caftle. The preateft part of the church, annexed to the deanery of
dnhabitants. are employed in axwoollen for, and ‘a handfome chapel.’ It is noted
for its iron: manufaéture, ‘confitting of
20 miles Nw of Breflaw, and 32:88 of Jocks, hinges, buckles, corkfcrews, and
Glowgaw. Lon.16 5qz,‘lat. 51 18N,' japanned ware. It is’feated ‘on a hill, 13
miles s of Stafford, and 124 NW of Lon-
towns of \Germany, in the duchy of don. Lon. 20 w, lat. 5247 N.
Brun{wick; with a caftle, where-the duke = Woopsrivee, ‘a town’ iz’ Suffolk,,
of. Brunfwick Wolfenbuttle refides.. Here -with-a narket-on Wednelday, feated on
ds.an excellent library, with a cabinet of the £ fide of a fandy hill, ‘on the river
curiofities relating’to natural hiftory. It Deben, eight miles from the fea. It has
iis feated on the:Ocker, feven miles s of docks for building -fhips, has a great corn
Brunfwick, and 40 -w of Halberftadt. trade, and is fameus for refining falt.
It had an abbey, of which there are no re-
’ : arka It is feven miles ENE
United ‘Provinces, ‘in jZealand, between of Ip{wich, and 76 ne of London. Lon.
WOLFSPERG, @ town of Germany, in Wooprorp; a village in Effex, fituate
Lower Carinthia, with acaftle, on which in Epping Forreft, near the river Roding,
the diftri&t about it depends, which is 20 -¢ight miles Ng of London. A‘mineral
miles in Jeagth, and 0 in breadth. It is {pring- here formerly attra&ted much com-
feated ‘on the ‘Lavand, at the foot of a -pany to a houle of public entertainment,
mountain-covered with.wood, and full.of called Woodford Wells; but the water
wolves, whence the town tvok its name.’ -bas long loft its reputation, ‘and ‘the houfe
JOE, lat.46 g6N. Woops, Lake oF THE
Germany, :in:Swedith Pomerania, capital boundary of the Weftern Territory, of
of a territory-of ‘the fame name, with a the United States, “It is 150 miles long,
caftle, and one of ‘the beft and -largeft and 60 where broadeft, but is very irre-
WoopsTc
fhire, With a
feated on a t
and chiefly nd
fine palace, |
tory obtaine
borough, ov'
in 1704-
ftood a royal
of feveral ki
of Charles 1
in ruins.
heim, every
was removed
on its fite.
.ment at
Alfred the
Confolation
tified the pz
mond, ‘mi
that prince
labyrinth,
(placed by
ftitl bears
might co
ebtpeet an
is queen.
ward 1,
was hence
as well as
Ill, com
the ‘Black
was born,
The print
by her’ fi
manuiact
fteel watc
of Oxfor
Lon. 1 1:
Woo!
‘pofed to
Fatt fot
Tt is eigl
ynund’s,
Woo
market
Thames
docks al
built; :
great g
aer, al
likewil
tits .ar
“ftruetec
‘are mo
‘tion 0
‘raifing
miles }
we
Wore
‘and th
“land.
WOR
WoopstTock, a borough in Oxford-
fhire, With a market on Tuefday. It is
feated on a rifing ‘ground, on a rivulet,
and chiefly noted for Blenheim-Houle; a
fine palace, built in memory of the vic-
tory obtained. by the duke of Marl-
borough, over the French and Bavarians,
in 1704. In Blenheim Park, originally
ftood a royal palace, the favorite retreat
of feveral kings of England, till the rei
of Charles 1, when it was almoft wholly
in ruins. After the building of Blen-
heim, every trace of the ancient edifice
was removed, and two elms were planted
on its fite. King Ethelted held a parlia-
‘Ment at Wooditock Palace; and there
Alfred the Great trapflated Boetius de
Con(olatione Philofophie.. Henry 1 beau-
tified the palace ; and here refided Rofa-
mond, ‘miftrels of Henry 11, for whom
that prince is faid to have contrived a
labyrinth, ‘by which her romantic retreat
(placed by tradition near the {pring that
{till bears Ker name in Blenheim Park)
might communicate with the palace, and
at any furptife from the jealoufy of
is queen. Edintind, fecond fon of Ed-
ward 1, Who ‘was born at this palace,
was hence called. Edmund of Wooditock ;
as well as Edward, eldeft fon of Edward
111, commohly known by the name of
the Black Prince. Chaucer the poet,
was born, lived, and died, at Woodftock.
The princefs Elifabéth was confined here
by her’ fifter Mary. Woodftock has a
manutatture of excellent gloves, and of
fteel'watch chains. It‘is eight miles nw
of Oxford,’ and 62 wnw of London.
Lon.1 15W, lat. 51 52.N.
WooLPiT, a town in Suffolk, fup-
pofed to be the ancient Sitomagus, and
noted for making the beft white bricks.
Tt is eight milés z by s of Bury St. Ed-
mund’s, and 75 NE of London.
WOOLWICH, a town in Kent, with a
market on Friday. It is feated on the
Thames, and of great note for its fine
docks and yards, where men of war are
built; as alfo for its vaft magazines of
Breat guns, mortars, bombs, balls, pow-
der, and other warlike ftores. Tt has
likewife an academy, where the mathema-
‘tics afe taught, and ‘young officers in-
‘ftru€ted in the military art. Some hulks
‘ate moored off this town, for the recep-
‘tion ‘of ‘convigts, who are employed in
Yaifing gravel from the river. It is 10
miles got London. Lono 10'£, lat §1 30 N.
_ WORCESTER, the county-town of
Warcefter, in the ftate of Maflachufets,
and the largeft ‘inland.town in New Eng-
‘land. It is-47 miles w of Bofton,
WOR
Worcester, a city in Worceftera
fhire, capital of that county, with a
market on Wednelday, bye and Sa-
turday, and a bithop’s fee. It contains
nine churches, befide the cathedral, and
St. Michael’s without the liberties of the
city; and has alfo three grammar-fchools,
feven hofpirals, and a _ well-contrived
quay. It is governed by a mayor, fends
two members to parliament, carries on a
confiderable trade in ‘woollen ftuffs and
gloves, and has likewife a manufafture
of elegant china ware. Here'Cromwell, ia
1651, obtained a vittory over the Scotch
army, which had marched into England
to reinitate Charles 11, who, after this
defeat, efcaped with great difficulty into
France. Worcetter is feated on a gentle
afcent, on the Severn, 36 miles NNE of
Brittol, and 118 wNw of London. Lon.
2 OW, lat. 52 gN.
WORCESTERSHIRE, a county of Eng-
land, 30 miles ‘long and 20 broad;
bounded on the n by Shropthire and Staf»
fordthire, on the & by Warwickfhire, on
the w by Herefotdthire, and on the se
and s ‘by Gloucefterfhire. It liesin the
diocefe of Worcefter, contains feven hun-
dreds, one city, ten market-towns, and .
152 parifhes; and fends nine members to
parliament. The air is very healthy,
and the foil in the vales and meadows
very rich, producing corn and pafture,
particularly the vale of Evefham, whic
‘is ftyled the granary of thefe parts. The
hills have generally an eafy alcent, except
‘the Malvern hills in the sw part of the
county, and feed large flocks of ‘fheep.
The other hills are the Licky, near
Brom{grove, toward the N ; and the Bre-
‘don-hills, toward the sz. This county
had formerly two large forefts, ‘but the
‘iron and falt-works have in a manner de-
Mtrgyed them. and thefe works are now
chiefly cgriied on ‘with coal. ‘Here
is.plenty of fruits of moft forts, inet
ally spear’, which are in many places
found growing in the hedges. The chief
cominddities are coal, corn, hops, cloth,
cheefe, cider, perry, and falt. The prin-
cipal rivers. are the Severn, Teme. or
Tend, and Avon.
WoRkcum, a town of Dutch Brabant,
feated on the s- fide of the Maefe, jutt
below its junction with the’ Walai, eight
miles. NNW of Heufden, and 22 © of
Rotterdam. Lon.4 528, lat. 51 52.N.
Worcum, a feaport of the United
_ Provinces, in Friefland, feated on the
Zuider-Zee, 18 miles sw of, Lewarden.
Lon. § 158, lat.53 on,
WORINGEN, a town of Germany, ‘in
Pere
leer ere
—
WwW QO T WUR
the electorate of Cologne, featedon the Wratu, Capg, a vatt pro :
Rhine, eight miles Fy Cologne. | Sutherlandfhire, which toate co
_ WORKINGTON, aleaport in Cumber- point of Great Britain. Againft its ruc.
land, feated on the Derwent, over which ged and lofty cliffs the rapid tide burits
is a ftone bridge. From this port a large with incredible fury.
quantity or coal is exported. Thiswas | WRayssuRy,a village in Bucks, near
the landing place of Mary queen. of the Thames, two miles ssw of Colnbrook,
Scots, when the was driven to take refuge An ifland in the river,
in England, In the neighbovrhood is 4 till called Charter Tan
fai ge aon foundry. Workington is feven faid, the Great Charter was fi
miles w of Cockermouth, and 307 N,of king:John, although his confen
London... Lon. 3135 w, lat. 53 42 N. he ce)
-WorKSOP, a town in ,Nottiigham- | WREKIN, a noted mountain of §
fhire, with a market on Wednefday. It fhire, eight miles Ese of Shrewtbur
is noted for a magnificent feat of the WREXHAM, a. town in Denbighhhire,
duke of Norfolk. Here was once an with @ market on Monday and Thurfday.
abbey, the gate of which remains, and It is the soft, populous t in all N
the room over it is conyerted into a Wales, and a place of fin abe
fchool; and on the w, fide of the town is noted for its tairs. It is of
a, circular hill, which was the fite of a, retains the language and uppearance of an
caftle. Quantities of licorice are grown Englith town, and has an ancient Gothic
in.its, vicinity, which is allo peculiarly church, the lofty fteeple of which is the
remarkable for the number «if noblemen’s boat of this part of the country. Near
feats. . The canal from the. Trerit to Wrexham is a large foundry for cannon
Chefterfield paffes near this place... It is and other articles. “It is feated on a
24. miles n of Nottingham, and 146 Nn by fiver, which falls into the Dee, in a coun-
wot London. Lon.1 ow, lat. 53:20N, ‘
.. WoRMs, .an ancient imperial city of by w otf Chefter, and 188 Nwof London.
Germany, in the circle of the Upper Lon.310w, lat. szaN. °° |
Rhine, with an epifcopal fee, whole bi __WRINTON, a PRE ts Somerfethhire, '
fhop is a prince of the empire. It is fa- ‘with a market on Tuelday.. It is the
mous fora diet held in 1521, at which Lu- birthplace ‘of ‘Mr. Locke,. and. feated
ther affifted in perfon.. The proteftants atfiong the Mendip a nine miles Nn of
gned_ by
t was .ex-
have a church here, where Luther is
| sbiekade ‘as appearing at the diet. 38 ws lat. ga 21N.
crms is noted for an excellent wine,
ealled our Lady's Milk. In the war of market ‘on Tuefday.
2689, it’ was taken by the French, who church, in which are 16 ftalls,
almoft reduced it to athes; and it was have been made for the clergy,
again taken by them in 1794. It is the, archbifhop ‘of ‘Canterbury, who h
feated on the w bank of the Rhine, 20 a palace here, till. archbifhop "Be, in
miles nw of Hetlel Seg, 20 8k of Mentz, the 14th century, demolifhed it, and, built
and 32 sw of Francfort. -Lon,8 298, another at Maidftone. It is 11 miles
Tat.4932N. .... ‘WNw of Maidftone, and 24 sz of London.
WorsrTeD,’a town in Norfolk, with a ‘Lon.o 248, lat.51 18 N.
market on-Saturday. It is noted for be- | WROXETER, a town in Shropfhire,
ing the place, where worfteds were ‘firft five miles sr of Shrewfbury. It is faid, te
made. It is 12 miles 'N of Norwich, and have been built by the Britons, on the
3z0 NE of London. Lon.1 268; lat.52 banks of the Severn, over which are the
52 N. ah 5 “traces of a bridge, difcernible at low
Worron-Bassem, a borough inWilt- water. “The. circumference was three
fhire,.with a market on Friday. It ferids’ miles, environed by a wall three yards
two members to parliament, and is’ 30 broad, with a deep trénch on the outfide,
_miles w of Salifbury, and 89 w of London. which may be traced in feyeral places.
Lon.1 54.W, lat.g1 31N. ' ‘Roman coins are frequently found here,
WorTTON-UNDER-EDGE, a corporate but none of the Saxon, which is Jooked
town in Gloucefterfhire, with a market on upon as 2 proof that it was deftroyed be-
Friday. The inhabitants are principally fore their arrival. si:
clothiers, and it is governed by a mayor. . WUkRTENBURG., ' See’ WiRTEM-
It is feated under the hills, 20 miles NE BURG. “
of Briftol, and 108 wNw of London. ‘ Wurtzsura, a bithopric of Ger-
Lon. 2 13 W, lat. 52 40N,
many, comprehending the principal part
ef Franco
broad; bo
berg, the ¢
Fulde, the
marquifate
server?
The foil is
conia; wi
verfity, a
pit-l.
and com
byidge, ©
fenting a
taken, in
were defe
and the c
Maine, f
joo NW
49 46.
“Wrcc
COMB, 4
hambhire
to be one
1t of
teffelated
adjacent
hood ar
This to
fends tw
féated
Ailefbui
Lon. o 4
Wrc
two mil
is' noted
Francis
{ole exp
eon a lo
old chu
Wrt
en Th
miles’ s
London
Wvi
ing out
» fource
corner |
town o
Wye,
taraét.
and Br
fhire, 2
cefter
mouth
romant
WYE
ef Franconia. Itis 69 miles long and 50
broad; bounded by the county of Henne-
berg, the duch of Coburg, the abbey of
Fulde, the archbithopric of Mentz, the
marquifate of Anfpach, the bifhopric of
Bamberg, and the county of Werthvim.
The foil is very fertile, and produces more
corn and wine than the inhabitants con-
fume. The territories of the bifhop com-
prehend above 400 towns and villages, of
which he is fovereign, being one of the
grf.tett ecclefialtic princes of the empire.
-WuRTZBURG, a large fortified city
of Germany, one of the principal in Fran-
conia, with a magnificent palace, a uni-
verfity, an arfenal, and a handfome hof-
pit-l. The eaftle ftands on an eminence,
and communicates with the city by a itone
byidge, on which are 12 ftatues, repre-
fenting as many faints. Wurtzburg was
taken, in July 1796, by the French, who
were deteated here in September following;
and the city retaken. It is feated on the
Maine, 40 miles sw of Bamberg, and
300 NW of Vienna. Lon.10 738, lat.
49 46N. ;
*“Wrceoms, CuH1pPiNeo, or HicH Wr-
COMB, a populous borough in Bucking-
hambhire, with a market or. Friday, {aid
to be one of the greateft for corn in this
part of England. In 1744, a Roman
teflelated pavenient was dilcovered in an
adjacent meadow; and in its neighbour-
hood are many corn and paper-mills.
This town is‘governed by a mayor, aod
fends two me.nbeérs to parliaméem. it. is
feated on the Wyck, 12 nitles' ssi of
Ailefbuty, and 31° wNw “of London:
Lon. 0 34 Wy ‘Jat. 51 37° N. FROM
.WycomB, Wes; a-village-in Bucks,
two miles w of Chipping Wycomb. - It
is'noted for the beautiful villa of the'date
Francis lord Le’ Defpencer, who, ‘at His
fole' expence, eréSted the parith chiich,
on a lofty eminerice, on the fite of “the
old church.” PE
WYE,|a town in Kent, with a market
on Thurfday, feaied' on the Stour,. ro
miles’ sof ‘Canterbury, and 56 sez of
London. ¢Lonfrig ek, lat. 51 10 N.
WE; a rivéer'ot S -Wales, which iffu-
ing out of Plynlimmon Hill, very near the
fource of the Severn, crofles the NE
corner of Radnorfhire, giving name to the
town of Rayadergowy, or, the fall of the
Wye, where it is precipitated in a ca-
taraét. Then flowing between this county
and Brecknockfhire, it croffes Heretord-
fhire, and dividing the counties of Glou-
ceftcr and» Monmouth, falls into the
mouth of the Severn, below Chepftow. The
romantic beauties of the Wye, which flows
X AV
in a deep bed, between lofty rocks clothed
with hanging woods, and here and there
crowned by ruined caftles, have employed
the deicriptive powers of the pen and pencil.
Wre, a river in Derbyfhire, which
nifes in the Nw part, above Buxton, and
flowing sz falls into the Derwent, below
Bakewell.
Wve, a populous town of Swifferland,
in a territory of the abbey of St. Gallen,
«with a palace. It is built on an eminence,
16 miles ssw of Conitance. Len.g az,
lat.47 34N.
Wr. See WeiL.
WYMONDHAM, or WINDHAM, a town
in Norfolk, with a market on Friday.
The fteeple of the church is very high,
and on it was hung Ket, the rebel, in the
reign ‘of Edward vi. It is nine miles
8$W of Norwich, and 100 NNE of London.
Lon.1 6 £, lat. 52 36 N.*
WYNENDALE, a town of Auftrian
Flanders, where general Webb, in 1708,
with 6000 men only,’ defeated 24,000
French. Itis eight miles eNz of Dixmude,
Wrre, a river in Lancathire, which
He near eeeea fix aie sk of Lan,
cafter, and paffing b aritang, enters
the Irith Sea, below Poulton. ” zs met
/
ACCA, or SAcCA, a feaport of. Sj-
&. cily, with an old caftle. It is feate
on the s coaft of the ifland, at the foot o:
a mountain, 20 miles $e of Mazara, and
41 ssw of Patermd: .
37 41 nee ve ee rt
NaGua, a feaport on the s coaft of the
Dysey
“XALISCO, a town’ of ‘New Spain, in
the! province of Guadalajara Proper,
feated on-the Pacific Océan, 400 miles w
of Mexico. Lon, 110 5'w, lat. 22 30N.
*- Kativa, formerly a flourifhing town
of Spain, in Valencia. Having taken the
part of Charles 111, in 1707, Philip v or-
dered it to be demolifhed, and, initead of
it, a new town to be built, called St.
Philip. It is feated on the fide of a hill,
at the foot of which runs the Xucar, 32
miles: sw of Valencia, and 50 Nw of Ali-
cant. Len,o 14 W, lat. 39 4N.
XAviER, or SaBi, the capital of the
kingdom of Whidah, on the Slave Coaft
ot Guinea, It is noted for its great
market, which is held at the diftance of
a mile from the walls. The market-place
is furrounded by oer beoths, which
u
————amatet t BT ERETREE
a
SE
Y
are only permitted to {cll certain forts of
roats and dogs. Here flaves of both
exes are bought and fold, as well as oxen,
fheep, dogs, hogs, fifh, and birds. Here
are to be found various commodities of
Whidau manutacture, and every thing of
European, Afiatic, or African production.
Xavier is feated one mile from the river
Euphrates, ‘
XAviER, a town of Spain, in Navarre,
noted as the birthplace of the celebrated
Romith faint and miffionary of that name.
It is 35 miles sz of Pampeluna,
XAVIER, ST. a town of S America, in
the province of La Plata, 200,miles w
of Rio Janeiro. Lon. 50 6 w, lat. 240 8.
XERES-DE-BADAJOZs a_confiderable
‘town of Spain, in Eftramadura, and, in
the territory of Tra-la-Guadiana, feated
on the rivulet Ardilla, 27 miles sg. of
Badajoz. Lon. 6 32 w, lat. 38 9N. °,
‘ CERES RE RUANLANAD a. town) of
Spain, in Andalufia, feated on the Guadi- j
ana, 18 miles N of Ayamonte. Lon. 7
25 W, lat.37 30N.,, ..,
Pr idoe ea is Lb TROY : contre
able town o in,y: in alufia. It is
Pn a i wine; and hence, it
is thought, js derived the name of that
we call Sherry. It is called de la Frontera,
becaufe, when the Moors poflefied Cadiz,
it ie. the frontier of the Chriftians. It
is feated on, the Guadaleta, five miles nx
of Port St. May, at 110.8 by vy of
adrid. Lon. § §9 wy, lat..36 42.
_ XERES-DE-LA-FRONTERA, a town of
New’ Spain, in, the apdience of Guadala,
jara.* Eon, tog 25 W, fat. 22 35...
Xicqco, .anifland of Japan, petween
Ni hon and Saikoka. dy ipa.
¥ ‘dere VA, a town ‘of Spain, in Valen,
E7a; ‘an in'the territory 0 Segura, with a
ftrong caft!: . ..It is feated among moun-
tains, in'a country that produces excellent
Wie, 15 miles Sw of Alicant. Lon.o
toW, fat.38 6N. .. ¢. ;
XuCAK, a river of, Ny ain, which rifles
“New Caftile,; in the Sicrra-de-Cuenza,
ft’ pdffes ‘by Cuenza, and entering the
province of Valencia, runs into the gulf
of, Valencia, at‘the town of Cullera.
~S XUDNOGR OD, a town of Turkith Cro-
ntia, 17 miles N of Sebenico, and 37 5 of
Kzara. Lon. 76 srz, lat.go 34.
4
s
5 ‘ an arm of the Zuider Zee, which
A 9 €nters that fea, five miles £ of
Amfterdam. It forms the boundary be-
3
-fneat, as beef, pork, and the fleh of £
YAR
tween N and § Holland; and is pronounced
Yapkin River. See Peper.
Yarx. See Urnar.
Yaic Cossacks, See URALIAN Cos,
SACKS.
Yairsx. See URALSK.
YakurTsk, one of the four provinces
of the Ruffian government of Weutaks in
the eaftern part of Siberia.
Yakursk, a town of Siberia, capita}
of a Ruffian province of the fame n: « ¢,
feated on the river Lena. Jon. 129 532,
lat.62 1N. ‘i
Yave, the capital of a province of the
{ame name, in the ifland of Ceylon.
YAamuo, a-feaport. of Arabia, with a
caftle, on the coaft of the Red Sea, 60
miles sw. of Medina. Lon. 40 10 £, lat.
23 40N.. > pete
YANG-TCHEOY, a populous city of
China, in the province of Kiang-nan. Be-
ing interfeg&ted by a number of canals,
it-has 24 ftone bridges, each confifting of
feveral asches. It is 45 miles NE of Nan-
ing.
oF snatmnas Hanan @ great river of
China, which rifes in the. province of
Yun-nan, and having croffed Hou-quang
and Kia _ rig the Eaftern ec
oppofite the.ifle of Tfong-ming,. which is
foumed by the fand serredl ated at io
mouth. wh i ey ey ass
Yargy.a river in Norfolk, formed by
the. confluence of Several reams. that rile
. in the heart-of the county... Ut paffes by
Norwich, whence it is ‘navigable to Yar?
tenth, belaw which it pe intothe Ger-
man Ocean. It is noted forpleaty ofrufis,
MB ARKANW ji SCG TREKEN. Gf.
-, YARMOUTH, -@ borough in Norfolks
with. a, market on Wednelday and Satur-
day. © It is feated, atthe mouth of, the
¥.are,: and jis of confiderable confequence,
both.as,,a .port.and fithing, town. By
means of its rivers, it enjoys the. export
and, import. trade. of .,vasious. places, in
Norfolk; and Suffolk. Its harbour ts ex-
tremely convenient for bufinels, the veflela
lying in the river, along-a; very extenfive
and beautiful quay. Its foreign trade is
chiefly to the Baltic, Holland, Portugal,
and the Mediterranean, .It alfo fends
thips. to. the Gre-nland fithery. The
home fifhing is carried on attwo feafons ;
that for mackerel in May .and June, and
that for herrings in October and Novem-
ber. The herrings are chiefly cured here
by falting, and then drying them in wood
{moke; when, under the name of red
herrings, they are either confumed at
home, or exported to fouthern countries.
Yarmouth
{on as 3 pl
verned by ;
bers to pa
is very fpac
neral, are
enough for
through.
fle ($) dr d
lated. intir
Here are t
cholas has
a feamark
viewed, i
mouth of
prevents t
den; and
112 NE of
N.
490 gine 0
on the
with a ‘ftro
bers to p
creek, eig
324 SW,
50 40N.
Yaros
formerly
Mofcow.
Yaros
of a gove
is bee
with the]
cow. Le
of ther
is very
that it i
the Yel
fand wl
time of
a-yellov
Yeu
YEL
Yarmouth is much frequented. in the fea-
fon as a place for fea-bathing. It is go-
verned by 3 mayor, and fends two mem-
bers to parliament. The market-place
is very {pacious; but the ftreets, in ge-
neval ats very natrow, and juft wide
enough for their little carriages to pafs
through. Thele carriages are a kind of
fledge, drawn by one horfe, and calcu-
lated intirely for thefe narrow ftreets.
Here are two churches: that of St. Ni-
cholas has a lofty fteeple, which ferves as
a feamark, and. whichever way it is
viewed, it appéars crooked. Off the
mouth of the harbour is‘a bar, which
prevents the entry of fhipe of large bur-
den; and the many fandbanks off the
coaft, at adiftance, form the Yarmouth
Roads,’ fo noted for frequent thipwrecks.
Yarmouth is 27 miles & of Norwich, and
112 NE of London. Lon. 55, lat. 52
5_N.
t YARMOUTH, 2 borough in Hamphhire,
on the w coaft of the Ife of Wight,
with a ftrong caftle,. It fends two mem-
bérs’to Datla; and -js feated on a
creek, eight miles w of Newport, and
323 ‘sw of London. Lon.s 28 w, lat.
5040N.
YaRosrar, a government of Ruffia,
ormerly a province of the government of
Mofcow. y \
Yarosvar, a town of. Ruffia, capital
of a’ government of the fame name. It
is feated at the confluence of the Volga
with the Kotorofl, 140 miles nE.of Mof-
cow. Lon. 38 59 £; lat.57 35N.
YARuUM, a town in the n riding of
Yorkhire, with a market on Thuriday.
It is feated on the Tees, over which is a
ftone bridge, 40 miles NNw of York, and
#3 N by w of London. Lon.112w,
at. 1 N. f
nL EY,,2 town in pipenegeentneess
¥4 ‘miles N of, Huntingdog, and 78 N by
wea London.
YELY, one of the Shetland Iflands, to
the N of that called Mainland. It is 12
miles long and eight broad, and has feve-
ral arbours,
'ELLOw River, or HOANG-HO, a
large river of Afia, which, after a courfe
of nearly 600.leagues acrofs Tartary and
China, enters the Eaftern Sea, to the N
of the rnouth of the. Yan-tfe-kiang. It
is very broad and rapid, but fo thallow,
that it is fearcely navigable. It is called
the Yellow River, becaufe the clay and
fand which it wafhes down, efpecially in
time of rain, makes its water appear of
a-yellow colour. (
YELLOw Sea, a gulf of China, be-
YOR
tween the provirces of Pe-tcheli and
Chang-tong on the w, and the peninfula
of Corea on the E. :
YEMEN, a province of Arabia Felix,
Sanaa is the capital.
YENIKALE, an important fortrefs of
the Crimea, See KErTScu. vs
YENISEI, or JENISA, a river of Siberia,
which running from s to N, enters the
Frozen Ocean, to the © of the bay of
by.
Lawsssise, or JENISKOI, a large and
populous town of Siberia, in the province
of Tomfk, feated on the river Yenilei.
Lon. 92 35, lat. 57 46N.
YEN-PING-FOU, a city of China, in
the province of Fokien. It has in its
diftri&t feven cities of the third clafs, and
is feated on the brow of a mountam, at
the foot of which is the river Minho. It
ig 275 miles s of Nan-king.
YEN-TCHEOU-FOU, a city of China,
in the province of Chang-tong.. Its dif-
triét contains four cities of the fecond
and 23 of the third clafs; and it is feated
between two rivers, 275 miles sE~ of
Pekin.
YEN-TCHING, a city of China, in the
province of Chang-tong and jurifdiction
of Tfi-nan-fou. Here a kind of gla(fs is
made, fo delicate and brittle, that it
cracks when expofed to the finalleft inju-
ries of the air. ~
YEoviL, or Ivex, @ corporate town
in Somertetfhire, with amarket on Friday.
Here is a manufaéture of cloth, but.t
principal one is of gloves. It is feated
on the Ivel, 20 miles s of Wells, and
123 w bys of London. Lon.2 37 wy
lat. 50 §5.N.
YeEspD, atown of Perfia, in Irac Agemi,
on the road from Kerman to Ifpahan. It
has a filk manufaéture; and here are
made the fineft carpets in theaworld. It
is 200 miles Ese of I{pahan. Lon. 56
50 E, lat.32 oN.
YONNE, & department of France, con-
taining part of the late province of Bur-
gundy. It is fo called from a river that
, Files in the department of Nievre, and
pafling by Chateau-Chinon, Clameci, Au-
xerre, Joigny, and Sens, falls into th
Seine. Auxerre is the capital,
YORIMAN, a province of S America,
in Guiana, about 150 miles in length, on
the river Amazon. The native inha-
bitants are ftrong, robult, and ‘active,
and both fexes go naked,
YorK, an ancient city, the capital of
Yorkfhire, with an archbifhop’s fee, and
a market on Tuelday, Thurfday, and
Saturday. It is the Eboracum of the
Uuz
YOR
Romans, ard many of their coffins, urns,
coins, éec. have been found here. It has
always been confidered as the capital of
the North, and, in point of rank, as the
fecond pe in the kingdom and, although
it is now furpaffed in wealth and populoui-
nefs by many of the more modern trading
towns, it {till fupports a confiderable de-
gree of confequence, and is the refidence
of many genteel families. The cathedral
of St. Peter, generally called the minfter,
is reckoned the moft elegant and magnifi-
eent Gothic ftruéture in the kingdom,
Lincoln perhaps excepted. Befide this
cathedral, York contains but 17 churches
in ufe; though, in the reign of Henry v
there were 44 parifh churches, 17:chapels,
and nine religious houfes. It is divided
by the Oufe into two parts, which are
united by a ftone bridge of five arches,
the centre one 81 feet wide ; dnd the river
is navigable to this city for veffels of 70
tons burden, although it is 60 miles from
the fea. York is furrounded by a {trong
wall, through which are entrances by four
gates and five pofterns; and it has a
caftle, built by William the Conqueror,
‘which was. formerly a plaice of great
ftrength, but it is now a county prifon
for debtors and felons. “Without Boot-
ham bar ftood the magnificent abbcy of
St. Mary, fome ruins of which remain,
and on the fite of part of it is the manor or
royal palace, built by Henry vist, where
feveral of our kings have lodged, though
it is now neglected. York is a city and
county of it/elf, governed by a lord-mayor,
and fends two member's to parliament: its
county includes Ainfty Liberty, in which
are 35 villages and hamlets. The guild-
hall, built in 1446; is a grand ftruéture,
fupported by two rows’ of oak pillars,
each pillar, a fingle tree. The corpora-
tion built a manfion-houfe, in 1728, for
the lord-mayor; and, among the modern
buildings, are a noble affembly-houfe, de-
figned by the earl of Burlington, and an
elegant court-houfe, on the right ‘of the
cattle; here is -alfo a theatre-royal; arid an
afylum for lunatics. “York is 70 miles s
‘by E of Durham, 89-£ of Lancafter,’ and
198 N’by wof London, Lon. 1 i w, lat.
53_59N.
York, a county of Pennfylvenia, 64
miles long and 24. broad.’ In 1790, it
contained 37,747 inhabitants. Its capital,
of the fame hame, is 15 miles sw of
Philadelphia. Lon. 76 43 w; lat.39 7N.
York, NEw, one of the United States
of America, bounded on the sz by the
_ Atlantic Ocean; on the £ by Connetti-
YOR
cut, Maffachuffets, and Vermont; on the
N, by the 45° of lat. which divides it
from Canada; on the Nw by the river
St. Lawrence, and the lakés'Ontario and
Erie ; and on the sw ands by Penniyl.
vania Cnd New Jerfey. It is 450 miles.
long and 300 broad, and is divided into
13 counties. New York, in general, is
interfected by ridges of mountains running
ina Ng and sw direétion, Beyond the
Allegany mountains, however, the coun-
try 18 quite level, of a fine rich {uil,
covered in its natural fate, with various
kins of trees, Eatt’ of thele mountains
it is broken into, hills and vallies: the
hills. are thickly clothed ‘with timber, and,
when ‘cleared, atford fine pafture; and the
vallies produce wheat, hemp, flax, peas,
grafts, oats, and Indian’ corn. Of the
commodities produced ftom culture, wheat
is the ftaple, of which ‘immenfe quantities
are raifed and. exported. The beft lands
in this province, which lie along Mohawk
River, and w of the Allegany mountains,
are yet ina ftate of nature, or juft begin.
ning to ‘be fettléd. This ftate abounds
with feveral fine rivers and‘lakes.
“York, New, a city of the United
States, capital of a ftate_of the fame
name. It is fituate on the sw point of an
ifland, at the conffuenee of Hudfon and
Faft Rivers, and is foyr miles ip “cum:
ference. Surrounded on’ all by
water, it is refrethed"by cool in
funmer’, and the air if winter is more tem-
perate than in other places under the fame
emir York Tang is t smiles in length,
ut hardly one in breadth,;. ard is jgined
to the mnainland by a bridge ¢alled King’s
Bridge. There is no bafin or'bay for the
reception of fhips; but the road where
they lie; ‘in Eaft River, is défended frém
the violence of the fea by fome difands
which interlock with each other; {¢'that,
except that of Rhode Ifldnd; the harbour
of New York, which admits thips of, any
burden, is the bet of the United States.
The number Of ‘iphabitants, in 1786,
was 23,614. New York is 97 miles ng
of Philadelphia. Len. 749 W, lat. 4043N.
York River, a fiver of N America,
in Virginia, ‘formed by the confluerice
of the Pamunky and Mattapony, 30
miles’ -above York Town, below which
place it enters Chefapeak Bay. ©
York Town, a town of the. United
States, in Virginia, fituate on the s fide
of York River. It has the beft harbour
in the ftate for veffels. of the largeft fize,
and is 13 miles £ of Williamfburgh.
YoRKSHIRE, the largeft county in
2
England, v
morland, an
m the £ by
s by Lincol
Derbyhhire ;
on the w by
by Wettmo
from N to
is divided i
North, Eat
into 26 w
city, §4 mo
It lies in
Richmondd
diocelé of G
to parliame
extentive ¢
riding is
but this is
portion as
fea. Ont
efpecially
olds, t
dry, and
lean fheep
other part
enjoys a
land on t
and not v
ate vallie
round, 3
ft alfo fF
horfes, a
manutact
N riding
two in t
worft pa
the fides
plains, i
paftures
on the N
county |
are work
fhire lik
jand, H
~ katt ditt
Englanc
other Ir
are. the
Aire,
which t
talls ir
ye ee eS ears. OS
YOU,
England, hounded on the nN by Weft-
morland, ani the bifhopric of Durham ;
m the g by the German Ocean; on the
s by Lincolnthire, Nottinghamfhive, and
Derbythire; on’ the sw by Chehhire ;
on the w by Lancafbire; and on the nw
by Weltmorland. It extends go miles
from N to 8, and 115 from gto w.. It
is divided into three ridings, culled the
North, Eaft, and Wett; and fubdivided
into 26 wapentakes, which contain one
city, 54 market-towns, and 563 parifhes,
It lies in the diocefe of York (except
Richmondthire, which belongs to the
diocelé of Chefter’) and fends 40 members
to parliament, The air nd foil ‘ot this
extenfive county vary extremely. The g
riding is lets healthy than che others;
but this inconvenience decreales in pro.
portion as the county recedes. from the
fea. On the hilly parts of this riding,
efpecially in what is called the York
olds, the foil is generally barren,
dry, and fandy ; but great. numbers of
lean fheep are fold hence, and {ent into
other parts to be fattened. The w riding
enjoys a fharp but healthy air, and the
land on the weftern fide is, hilly, ftony,
and not very fruitful ; but the intermedi-
ate vallies confit of much good arable
round, and pafture for the large(t cattle.
t alfo produces iron, coal, jet, alum,
horfes, and goats, Here the clothing
manufactures principally flourih. The
N riding, in general, exceeds the other
two in the faluluicy of the air. The
worft parts breed lean cattle; but, on
the fides of the hills, in the vallies and
plains, it produces good corn, and rich
paftures for large cattle. Richmondhhire,
on the Nw of this riding, was formerly a
county of itfelf: here many lead mines
are worked to great advantage. In York-
fhire likewiie are the diftricts of Cleve-
land, Holderne{s, and Craven. In this
Jatt diftri& are two-of the higheft hills in
England ; the one named Warnfide, the
other Ingleborough.- The princip~. rivers
are the Oule, Don, Derwent, Calier,
Aire, Wart, Nidd, Ure, and Hull, all
which terminate in the Humber, which
talls into the German. Ocean, between
Yorkthire and Lincolnihire.
YO-TCHEOU-FOU, a populous and
commercial city of China, in the province
of Hou-quang. Its diftrict contains “one
city of the fecond, and {even of the third
clafs; and it is feated on the Yang-tie-
kiang, 275 miles sw of Nan-king.
YOUGHALL, a confiderable town of
Ireland, in the county of Cork. It is
furrounded by walls, has a very commo-
YVE
dious harbour, with a well-defended
quay, and fends two members to parlia.
ment. It has a manufacture of earthen
ware, and is feated on the fide of a hill,
at the mouth of the river Blackwater, 2%
miles E by N of Cork. Lon. 7 45W,
lat. 51 59N.
Ypres, a large city of Auftrian
Flanders, with a bithop’s fee. It has a
confiderable manufacture of cloth and
ferges; and every year in lent there is a
well-trequented fair. It was one of the
barrier towns belonging to the Dutch,
till 1781, when the emperor Joleph
obliged them to withdraw their’ garriion.
It has been often taken and retaken; the
laft time by the French in 1794. It is
feated on the river Yperlee, 12 miles w
of Courtray, 15 Nw of Lifle, and 130N
of Paris. Lon. 2 438, lat, 50 51N.
YRIEX, ST. a town of France, inthe
department of Upper Vienne and late
province of Limofin. ‘It derives its name
trom a faint who built a monaftery here,
and is feated on the river Ifle, 20 miles §
ot Limoges.
Ysenpick, a ftrong town of Dutch
Flanders, in the ifle of Calland, feated
on a branch of the river Scheld, called
Blic, eight miles & of Sluys, and 18NW
of Ghent. Lon. 3 38 E, lat. 51 20N.
Ysset. See Issev,
YSSELBURG, atown of Dutch Gude
derland, 12 miles £ of Cleves, and 22
Ne of Gueldres. Lon, 6 152, lat. 5x
42N.
YssRLMOND, an ifland. of Holland,
fituate between the Merwe. on the N, and
another branch of the’ Maefe on the s.
It .has a town of the fame nane, near
three miles w of Rotterdain,
YSSELSTEIN, a town of the United
Provinces, in Holland, with a, caftle,
feated on the river Ysseu, five miles sw
of Utrecht. Lon. § 58, lat. 52 7K.
YSSENGEAUX, a town of France, in.
_the department of Upper’ Loire and late
province of Velay, 10 miles ng of Puy.
YTHAN. See EITHAN,
YucaTan. See Jucatan.
YUEN-YANG-FOU, a city of China,
in the province of Hou-quang. Its dif=
trict contains one city of the fecond, and.
fix of the third clafs. It is 300 miles w .
ot Nan-king.
YVERDUN, 2 ftrong and ancient town
of Swiflerland, in the Pays de Vaud,
capital of a bailiwic of the fame name,
with a caftle. It is feated at the head of
a lake of the fame name, on the rivers
Orbe and Thiele, 30 miles sw of Beye
Lon. 6 S08, lat.'46 son, . '
3 “Tu 3 ; a .
ZAB
Yverpbun, Lare or.
CHATEL.
YvETOT, a town of France, in the de-
partment of Lower Seing and late province
of Normandy, five miles Ng of Caudebec.
Ya, one of the Bahama Hlands, in
the W Indies, lying to tne N of Cuba;
§5 miles in length, and 17 in breadth.
YuMETO, one of the Bahama iflands,
in the W Indies, to the N of the ifle of
Yuma, lying under the tropic of Cancer,
It is 37 miles in length.
Yun, the largeft canal in China, called
alfo THe ImprrtaL CANAL. This ce-
lebrated canal, which extends from Canton
to Pekin, forms a communication between
the N.and s provinces. ‘The traffic upon
it is exceedingly great, and it is, in va-
rious other retpeéts, an object of wonder
and admiration to Europeans.
YUNG-PING FOU, a city of China,
in the province of Pe-tcheli. Its diftrié
contains one city of the fecond and five
of the third clafs; and it is 87 miles E of
Pekin.
Yu-ninc-rou, a city of China, in
the province of Ho-nan. Its diftriét con-
taitis two cities of the fecond and 12 of
the third clafs. It is 175 miles Nw of
Nan-king.
YUN-NAN, one of the moft fertile and
opulent provinces in China; bounded on
the w by Se-tcheuen aud Thibet, on the
E by Quang f and Koei-tcheou, on the s.
Wy the kingdoms of Laos and Tonquin,
and on the w by thofe of Burmzh and
Pegu, [Its gold, copper, and tin mines ;
ifs amber, rubies, Wapphires, agates,
pearls, marble, musk, filk, elephants,
horfes, gums, medicinal plants, and
linen, have procured it the higheft repu-
tation. Its commerce and riches are im-
mente.
“YuN-nan-Fou, the capital of the
province of ‘un-nan, in China, once
rémarkable for its extent and the beauty
of its pubtic buildings, all which have
been deitroyed by the Tartars, in their
' different invafions, “Its diftrict contains
four cities of the fecond and third clals.
It is 430 miles Nw of Canton.
.¥voy, a town of France, in the de-
partment of the Ardennes and late pra-
vince-of Champagne, {vated on the Cher,
x10 miles s of Sedan. Lon. 54E, lat.
49 49N.
See Nev-
y dycvipatin a town of Germiany, in
the palatinate of We Rhins, 35 miles
ZAM
w of Philipfburg. Lon. 8 108, lat. 49
YIN.
ZABOLA, a town of Tranfyivania, on
the confines os Moldavia, five miles sw
of Neumark. et
ZABURN, a town of France, in the de-
partmeat of the Lower Rhine and late
province of Aiface. 16§ miles N of Straf-.
at Lon. 7 508, lav. 48 5oN.
ACATECAS, a city of New Spain, in
the audience of Guadaiajar. It is fiw.
rounded by very rich filver mines, and is
312 miles NE of Mexico.
ZAFRA, a town of Spain, in Eftrama-
dura, withacaftle. It is feated at the
foot of a mountain, near the river Gus-
daxiera, 20 miles Sw of Medina. Lon.
6 12 W, lat. 38 19N.
ZAGATULLA, a town of New Spain,
in the audience of Mexico, 200 miles sw
of that city, at the mouth of a river of
the fame name. Lon. 104 35 W, lat. 17
SON.
ZAGARA, a famous mountain of Eu-
ropean Turkey, in Livadia, on the gulf
of Corinth, nea: mount Parnaffis, and
almoft always coveved with fnow. It was
ce ancient Helicon, f:om which iffued
the fountain Hippocrene, and was facred.
to the Mufes, who had here a temple.
ZAGRAD, a ftrong and populous town
of Sclavonia, capital of acounty of the
fame name, with a bifhop's fee. It is
feated on the Save, 25 miles NE of Carl-
ftadt, and 137 sw of Buda. Lon: 15
41 £, lat. 46 20N.
ZAHARA, a ftrong town of Spain, in
Andalufia, feated on a craggy rock, and
defended by a citades. {t is 47 miles
se of Seville. Lon. 4 55 Wy, lat. 36
52 Ne
ZAHARA, or THE DESERT, a valt
country of Africa, bounded on the N by
Barbary, on the E by Fezzan ar-. Cafh-
na, on the s by Tombuttoo, and on the
w by the Atlantic Ocean. The air’is
very hct, but wholefome to the natives.
The foil is generally fandy and barren,
infomuch that the caravans crofling it to
and from Negroland are often reduced to
great extremities. ‘The inhabitants are
wild and ignorant, They have a number
of petty princes; and the Mahometan
religion is, profeffed throughout the
country.
Zaire, a large river of Africa, which,
siting in the kingdom of Macoco, divides
the kingdoms of Loango and Congo, and
falls into the Atlantic Ocean, below
Sogno.
ZAMQRA, 1 and confiderable
town of Spain, in Leon, with a bifhop’s
ZAN Z2AT
fee. In its environs fine turcois ftones fhakes when trod upon, like a quagmire;
are found. It is feated on a hill, on the and a fpring, which throws out a great
river Douero, over which is a bridge of dea] of bitumen, efpecially at the time of
37 arches, 35 miles N of Salamanca, and an earthquake. This ifland belongs to
150 NW of Madrid. Lon. 5 18 w, lat. the Venetians, who have conftantly a go-
41 41N, vernor refiding in the fortrefs; There are
ZAMORA, a town of Peru, in the.au- about 50 viaate but no other large
dience of Quito. In its neighbourhood town than Zante, which is feated on t
are rich mines of gold, and it is feated e fide of the ifland, and has a good har
near the Andes, 230 miles s of Quito. bour, It contains near 20,000 inhabi-
‘Lon. 75 55 W, lat. 5 68. tants; and the houfes are low, om account
-Zamora, a town of Algiers, in the of the frequent earthquakes. "Fhe Eng-
province of Conftantine, 250 miles w of lith and Dutch have each a factory and
Hamamet. Lon. 6258, lat. 3620N. conful here. Lon. 21 3£, lat. 37 53N.
ZaMOSKI, a ftrong town of Poland, ZanziBar, an ifland of Africa, on
in Red Ruffia, now the Auftrian kingdom the coaft of Zanguebar, between the
of Lodomeria. Jt has a citadel, and is iflands of Pemba and Monfia, with the
37 miles Nw of Lemburg. Lon. 23 26 title of a kingdom, tributary to Por-
E, lat. 50 52N. tugal, ‘It abounds in fugar-cames and
ZAMPANGO, a town of New Spain, citrons, The inhabitants are Mahome-
in the province of Mexico Proper, 25 tans. Lon. 38 258, lat. 6 os.
miles N of Acapulco. ZARA, an ancient, ftrong, and confi«
ZANPARA, a kingdom of Negroland, derable city of Venetian Dalmatia, ca-
to the w of the kingdom ct Zegzeg. The pital of a county of the fame name, with
inhabitants are tall in ftature, of a very amarchbifhop’s fee,a citadel,anda harbour.
black complexion, with broad faces, and It was formerly much more confiderable;
favage difp ofitions. It is very little the circumference of the walls being now
known to Europeans. but two miles, and the inhabitants not
ZANGUEBAR, a country on the E coaft above 6000. Near the chuich, which
of Africa, between 3°N and 18°s lat. the Greeks call St. Helia, are wo fluted
“It includes {everal petty kingdoms, in columns of the Corinthian order, fup-
e
which the Portuguefe have fettlements. pofed to lrave been part of the temple of
The inhabitants, except thofe converted Juno. There are fire paintings in the
‘by the Portuguefe, are either Mahome- churches, done by the beft matters; and
tans or pagans, the latter much the more they pretend to have the body or St.
humerous. The principal territories are Simeon, brought from Judea, and kept
Mombaza, Lamo, Melinda, Quiola, Mo- ina fhrine, witha cryftal before it. Zara
fambique, and Sofala.. The Portuguefe is feated ona finall peninfula, inthe gulf
trade tor flaves, ivary, gold, oftrich fea- of Venice, 80 miles sw of Jaicza, and
thers, wax, and drugs. The productions 3150s of Venice. Lom. 16 68, lat. 44
‘are much the fame as in other parts of 30N.
Africa between the tropics. ZARNATE, a flrong town of European ,
ZANTE, an ifland of the Mediterranean, Turkey, in the Morea, feated om an
near the coaft of the Morea, 17 miles sz eminence, 20 miles w of Mifitra. ,
of the ifland of Cephalonia. Tt is 24 ZaRNaw, a town of Little Poland,:in
imiles long and 12 broad, and very plea- the palatinate of Sandomir, 63 miles N
fant and'fertile. Its prinelpal riches con- of Cracow. Lon. 19 568, lat. gr 24.0.
fitts in currants, with which it abounds: ZasLaw, a town of Poland, in Vol-
they are cuktivated in a large plain, under hinia, feated on the Horin, 15 miles sz
the fiielter of mountains on the fhore, of Oftrog. Lon. i711, lat. 50 20N.
which gives the’ fun greater power to ZATMAR, a ftrong town of . Upper
bri em to maturity. Heye ate alfo Hungary, capital of a eounty.of the Jame
the fineft peaches in the world, each of name, [Ft is feated on a Small lake form-
which weighs eight or ten ounces: alfo ed by the river Samos, 50 miled £ by $
excellent figs and oil. “In fhort, it would of Tockay, and 130 x ef Buda. Lon.
- be a perfect paradife if wood were not fo 22 348, lat. 47 5oN. eit
dear, though this ifland was formerly full ZatoR, atowa of Poland, in the palas
of forefts. The natives fpeak bot. tinate of Cracow, and capital of a {taralty
Greek and Italian, though there are very of the fame name, with a ¢aftle. It is
few: Roman catholics among them; but feated on an eminence, near the xiyer
they have a bithop «3 well as the Greeks.” Viftula, 20 miles sw of Cracow, and 50.8%.
.-In-ene part of this ifland is a place which’ of re Lon. 29 42 Bs lat. 49 54.Me
w4
ap
iy:
,
,
ul
“
=
at
ZEA
ZBARAZ, a town of Poland, in Poddo-
lia, 70 miles N by w of Kaminieck.
ZBOROW, atownof Auftrian Poland,
in the palatinate of Lemburg. -Ziere, in
1649, John Cafimir, king of Poland,
with 20,000 men, was attacked in his
camp by 110,000 Coflacks and Tartars,
for three days fucceflively, but defended
himfelf fo bravely, that the latter were
glad to confent to terms of accommeda-
tion. Zborow is 25 miles w of Zbaraz,
_and 52 £ by s of Lemburg. Lon. 25
465, lat, 49 44N.
ZEALAND, an ifland of Denmark, al-
moft of a round form, 700 miles in cir-
cumterence, and the largeft of the ilies
belonging to the king of Denmark. It
lies at the entrance of the Baitic, havin
the Schaggerach Sea on the n, the Soun
on the £, the Baltic cn the s, and the
Great Belt on the w. It is exceedingly
fertile ; producing grain of all forts, and
in great plenty, and abounding with
excellent pafture. It is particularly fa-
mous for its breed of horfes. Copenhagen
is not only the capital of this ifland, but
of the whole kingdom.
ZEALAND, one of the feven United
Provinces of the Netherlands, bounded
on the N by the ifles of Holland, on the
& by Dutch Brabant, on the s by Dutch
Flanders, and on thew and NW by the
German Ocean. It is compofed of fev :ral
iflands, the principal of which are Wal-
cheren, Schowen, N. and S& Beveland,
olen, Duyveland, and Wolferidike.
The inhabitants are at a great expence te
‘defend themielves from the encroach-
ments of the fea, and in keeping up their
dikes. The river Scheld forms the moft
of thefe iflands; and the {6i] of them is
fruittul, but the air unhealthy, efpecially
for ftrangers. The principal towns are
Middleburg and Fiufhing.
ZEALAND, New, an ifland in the
' Pacific Ocean, difcovered by ‘Tafinan, in
1642. He traverfed the £ coaft from lat.
34 t6°43°%s, and entered a ftrait;. but be-,
ing attacked by the natives, foon after he
came to an anchor, in the place to: which
he gave the name of Mitdereie. Be » he
did’ not go on fhore. He called the
country Staten Land, in honour of the
States General, though it has been gene-
rally diftinguifhed in our maps by the
name’ of New Zealand. From the time
of Tafiman, the whole country, except
that part of the coaft which was feen by
him, remained altogether unknown, and
was by many fuppoled to make part of a
fouthern continent, till 1770, when it was
circummavigated by captain Cook, who.
ZEA
found it to confift of two large iflands
feparated by a ftrait four or five leagues
broad, to which he gave his own ::ane.
On the w ide of this ftrait is Queep
Charlotte's Sound, which was made a
principal place of rend<zvous in his fub-
fequent voyages. Thefe iflands lie be.
tween lat. 34 and 48°s, and lon. 166 and
180°E. Along the coaft many {mall
iflands are formed, and it is indented by
deep bays, ‘affording excellent thelter for
thipping ; and there are alfo feveral rivers
capable of receiving large veffels. Of
the two iflands, the fouthernmott is for the
moft part, mountainous and barren. As
far inland as the eye can reach, nothing
appears but mountains of ftupendous
height, confifting of rocks that are totally
naked, except, where they are covered
with inow; but the land bordering on the
feacoaft is clothed thick with wood, almott
down to the water’s edge. The northern-
moftt ifland has a much better appearance :
it is indeed not. only hilly, but mountain-
ous; yet even the hills and mountains are
covered with wood, and every valley has a
rivulet of excellent water. The toil of
thefe vallies, and the plains, of which there
are many overgrown with wood, is in ge-
neral light, but fertile. The winters are
milder than in England, and the fummers
not hotter, though more.equally warm.
There are foreits of vaft extent, full of
the ftraighteft and largeft timber, fit for
building of any kind. Wild celery, and
a kind of crefles, grow plentifully in al-
moit-every cove. Yams, {weet potatoes,
and‘ covoas, are railed by. cultivation.
Captain Coek, in 1773, planted feveral
{pots of ground with European garden
feeds ; and, in 1777, in feveral ot thefe
{fpots, although totally negle&ted and
overrun by weeds, were found cabbages,
onions, leeks, purfiain, radithes, .nuitard,
&c. and a few fine potatoes, greatly im-
_proved by change-of foil. In other places
every thing had-been rooted out to make
room for temporary villages. The only
quadrupeds are dogs and rats: the former
are domeitic, and for food ; and the latter
though not numerous, {eem alfo to be
catens The birds, like the vegetable
productions, are almolt intirely peculiar
to the country. )Captain Cook introduced
European poultry, and, on his laft vilits
had the fatisfaétion to find them increafed,
both in a wildand domettic ftate, beyond
all danger of .being ever exterminated.
.The men are ftout, well-made, and flethy ;
but none of them corpulent, like the in-
habitants of Otaheite and the Society
Tiles; and they are exceedingly vigorqus
ZEA
and active. The women, in general, are.
{maller than the men; but poffefling few
peculiar graces of form or per{cx, and
chiefly diftinguifhed by the foftnefs of
their voices. . The ies of both fexes
are marked with black ftains, called
amoco, which is the fame as tattowing
at Utaheite.
oblong garment, about five feet long and
four broad: they bring two corners of
it over their thoulders, and faften it on the
breait with the other parts, which covers
the body; and about the belly it is again
tied with a girdle of mat. They orna-
ment their heads with feathers, pearl-
fhells, bones, &c. The women. fome-
times wear necklaces of fharks teeth, or
bunches of long beads made.of bones or
thells. Their houfes are miferable lodg-
ing-places; and their only furniture is a
few finall bafkets, in which they put their
fifhing-hooks and other trifles. Their
food confifts chiefly of fith; and inftead
of bread, they eat the root of a kind ‘of
fern, which they {corch over’the fire, and
_then beat with a ftick:.till the bark, or
dry outfide, falls off. Belide their dogs,
they alfo contrive to kill birds; and in
moft parts of the northern ifland, they
have {weet potatoes, cocoas, and yams;
but in the fouthern, nothing is raited by
cultivation. Their cookery confifts wholly
in roafting and baking, which latter is
pertoaanet in the fame manner as at Ota-
eite. The women eat in common with
the men, and their method of feedin
correfponds with the naftinefs of their
rfons. From Cape Kidnappers, in
at. 39 43, for upward of eighty leagues
to the northward, the people acknowled
one fovereign, called Teratu, and u
him feveral fubordinate chiefs, who pi
bably adminifter juttice, and to whom
great refpect is paid; but whether his
authority be hereditary or delegated is
uncertain. . This part of the coait is
much the moft populous; tillage, weav-
ing, and the other arts of peace, being
Their drefs confifts of an .
ZE-L
afperated by revenge. Upon the whole,
there is little room to doubt that thele
people are canibals. n
ZeEBU, or CEBU, one of the Philip-
pine Iflands in the Indian Ocean, between
thofe of Leyte and, Negro’s. It is 140
miles long and 30 broad.
ZeGzFG, a kingdom of Negroland,
ring on the river Niger, by which it is
eparated, on the N, trom the empire of
Cafthna.. On the E it is bounded by Zan-
fara, on the s by Benin, and or (he w
by unknown deferts. It confifts partly
of plains and partly of mountains. The
latter are extremely cold, while the for-
mer are intoleravly hot ;. but abound with
water, and are exceedingly fruitful.
ZEIGHENHEIM, a town of German
in the landgravate of Heffe Caffel, 30
miles s of Cailel. Lon.g 19 £, lat. so
52 Ns
ZEIL, a town of Suabia, capitalof a
county of the fame name, in the Algau,
between the county of Wurzach and Leut-
kircher Heath. It has ‘a caftle, and is
feated.on the little river Aitrach, 70 miles
miles s of Ulm.
ZEITON, a towy of European Turkey,
in Janna, with acaitle and an archbithop's
fee, though a fimall. place, and thin of
people. It is feated ona hill, by a gulf
of the fame name, near the river Eaylada,
50 miles se of Lariffa.
ZEITZ, a town of Upper Saxony, in
the duchy of Naumburg, with a cattle,
and a well-trequented college. It ig
feated on the Elter, 25 miles sw of Leip-
fick, and 45 £ of Erfurt. Lon.12 88,
lat. 50 §9N.
ZeELL, a town of Lower Saxony, ca-
pital of a duchy of the fame name,
vhich devolved to the houfe of Hanover
by marriage. It is furrounded by ditches
and iparts, on which are planted
cheftnut and lime-trees. It is « fmall
town, without trade or manufactures; but
the high courts of appeal for all the terri-
tories of the eleftoral ho ule of Brunf-
here beft known, and molt practifed. wick-Lumenburg are held here, and the
The canoes are more decorated, the plan. inhabitants derive their principal means
tations mere numerous, and the clothes of fubfiftence from this circumitance.
and carving finer, than any where elfe. The caftle, a ftately building, furrounded
In other parts, they are fcattered along by a moat, was formerly the refidence of
the coaft, in fingle families, or in larger the dukes of Zell id was repaired, by
tribes, and each in a ftate of perpetual order of the king of Great Britain, for
hoftility.. For fuch continual wars, and the refidence of his unfortunate fifter, the
the inhuman banquet that is the confe- queen of Denmark, who died here. In
quence of viétory, among a people in 1757, the French reduced the fuburbs of
other refpeéts: mild and gentle, perhaps Zell to afhes, and even fet fire to the
no better reafon can be afligned, than the orphan hofpital, in which a great
that what at firit originated in neceffity, number of helplefs children are faid to
hus been perpetuated by habit, andex- have perithed. Zell is feated onthe Aller,
ZIA
.g1 miles nw of Brunfwick, and 47 s by
w of Lunenburg. Lon. 10 12, dat. 52
N.
thi, an imperial town of Suabia,
feated on the ‘Kintzi , 28 miles s of
Baden, and -g2-wsw of Stutgard. Lon.
8 Se, hat. 48 22m. ;
ZELL, an imperial town of Swabia,
feated on a lake of the fame name, other-
wife called the Zeller. See, or lower lake of
Conftance, 14 miles Nw of Conttance. |.
Zkut, a finall town of Germany, in
the elefterate of Treves, feated on the
Mofelle, 33 miles we of ‘Treves.
ZBLL-IN-THE-PINZGAU, a -town of
Germany, in the archbifhopric of Saltz-
burg, -feated on:a lake, 37 miles sw of
Saitzburg. =
ZELL-IN-ZILLER-THAL, a town of
Germany, in the archbithopric of Saltz-
burg, feated on the Ziller, 60 miles sw
of Salteburg.
« ZELLANY. See JESO.
_. ZemBua, Nova, a large ifland, in
athe Northern Ocean,. to the N of Ruffia,
trom which it is feparated by the ftrait of
Waigate. It has no inhabitants, except
wild beafts, particularly white foxes, and
bears. In 1595, a Dutch veffel was cait
away on the coaft,-and the erew were
obliged to winter here: they did not fee
the {un from the 4th of ‘November ‘to the
beginning of February, and had great
difhiculty to keep themfIves from being
frozen to.death.
ZEMLIN; or ZEMPLIN, a town of
Wpper Hungary, capital of a county of
the fame name. It.is feated on the river
Bodrog, 25 miles «2 of Caffovia, and
27 NE of Tockay.. Lon. 21 35 £, lat.
43 36.N. :
ZeERBI. See GERBES.
ZERBST, a town of Upper Saxony, in
tle principality of Anhalt, capital of a
diftri& of that name, with a caitle, where
the princes commonly refide.. The inha-
bitants are partly Lutherans: and partly
Calvinifts, and are famous for brewing
‘good beer; but it is remarkable that the
women are more.concerned in brewing it
than the men... It is 27 miles Nw of
Wittemberg. Lon.12 148, lat. 52 0N,.
ZERIGA, a town of Perla, in Irac-
Arabia, feared in a narrow plain, ‘be-
tween mountains. It has produced feve-
yak very famous ‘Arabian hortes.
Zra, anifland of the. Archipelago, one
of the Cyclades, to the sw of Negro-
pont. It is 15 miles long and eight
broad, and well cultivated. It abounds in
barley, wine, and filk ; alio a fine fort of
oak, whole fruit, called Villam, is the
a ee
ZNA
beft trading: commodity of the ifland, it
being ufed by diers.and tanners. The
principal town, of the fame name, is
teated sm an-eminence, 30 miles from the
harbour, at the further end ef a valley,
It refembles an amphitheatre, and con.
tains 2500houwles, aM flat at the top,
It belongs to the Turks, but moft of the
inhabitants are Greeks, and havea bithop.
Z1BIT, a territory in Arabia Felix,
extending from the principaljty of Mecca
to that of Mocha, being bounded on the
E by the principality of Tehama, and on
the w hy the Red Sea. The Turks were
formerly mafters of this country, but it
now baleane to an Arabian prince.
ZrB1T, a large trading town of Arabia
Felix, capital of a territory of the fame
name. It is feated on the river Zibit,
150 miles Nw of Aden,
ZIRICZEF, 2 ftrong town of the United
Provinces, in Zealand, and the principat
of the ifle of Schowen. It was the an-
cient refidence of the counts. of Zealand,
and was then a place of much more con-
fequence, the port having been fince filled.
with fand. It was taken by the Spaniards
in 1576. It is 12 miles NE of Middle.
burg, and 18 swof Briel. Lon.4 108,
lat. 51 36N, Sie aes
ZirTaw,a fortified townofGermany,
in Lufatia, fubje& to the eleftor of Sax-
ony. Befide the fuburbs and ‘handfome
gardens that furround itn all fides, there
are a number of fine villages that depend
thereon. The principal bufinefs of the
inhabitants. is brewing beer;. but there
are above too clothiers, and in the neigh-
bouring villages above 1000 weavers. Its
merchants trade with thofe of Prague and
Leipfic, and extend their commerce as
far as Holland. The cathedral has three
organs, and two high fteeples. Near. it
is a college, where the languages, draw-
ing, and other arts, are taught. gratis.
Joining to the cloifters is a library, the
fineft in all Lufatia; and at. a fmall dif-
tance from it, is the orphan-houfe, Zittaw
being pcupien by the Pruffians, in 1757,
was taken by the Auttrians, who pillaged
the town, and almoit intirely deftroyed.
it, no.withf{tanding the unfortunate inha-
bitants were the fubjects of their ally,
the elector of Saxony. It is feated on the
Neiffe, 17 miles sw of Gorlitz, and 25
se of Drefden. Lon.15 5 &, lat. §6. 59.
ZNAIM, 2 ftrong town ‘of Germany,
in Moravia, with an ancient. caftle, in
which area great many pagar antiquities.
It is feated onthe river Teya, 24 miles
sw of ‘Brinn, and .y2 N of Vienna. Lon.
26.40 Ry lit. 48-38n.. old
Moar
of Barbe
miles W
2 45N
3 Deve
ferland,
elegant
contain:
Phe an
own m
their o
criminz
withou
near a
beft p
miles
47 5
N
Zo
ZUG |
Zoaka, a fortified town on the ‘coalt
of Barbary, with a good harbour, 60
miles w of Tripoli. Lon.1s 558, lat.
32 45N.
* ZOFFINGEN, an anciént town of Swif-
ferland, in the canton of Bern, with an
elegant church, and a public library,
containing feveral cusious manulcripts.
he inhabitants, about 2000, have their
own magiftrates; and, what is peculiar,
their own courts of juftice, both civil and
criminal, which decide in the laft refort,
Without an appeal to Bern. It is feated
near a large ocrelt, which centains the
eft pine-trees in all Swifferland, three
miles from Arburg. Lon. 7 6 £, lat.
47. 5N. : suka a
ZOLNOCK, a town in Upper Hungary,
capital of a county of the fame name. |
Te was taken by the. Turks in 1554, and.
retaken in 1686. It is feated. on the
Teyffe, where the Sagelia falls into it,
62 miles NE of Colocza, and 62 £ of
Buda. Lon. 20 so, lat, 47 10N.
ZORNDORF, a village of Germany, in
fie new marche, of Brandenburg,—ene
mile ‘N of Cultrin. Here, in,1758, the
King ‘of Pruffia, after a dreadful conflict,
totally defeated the“Ruffians.
_ ZouT Pan, a curious falt take.in the
‘Country of the Hottentots, a few miles Nn
of Point Padron. It is a plain, much
above the level of the fea, and above
three miles in circumference. : At fome
feafons it is formed into an intire ma{s of
fine white falt, which has a very ftriking
appearance. _
ZUEELA, 2 town of the Kingdom of
Fezzan, firuate in a diftri&t of remarkable
fertility, in which the remnants of ancient
buildings, the number and fize of the cif-
terns, and the conftruétion of the vaulted
caves, intended perhaps as repofitories of
corn, exhibit wonderful veitiges of anci-
ent fplendour. It is 140 miles e& of
Mourzook. Lon.16 348, lat.27 s9N.
- Zua, a fimall canton of Swiflerland,
bounded on the £ and N by that of Zuric,
on the w by that of Lucer'n and the Free
Provinces, and on the s by that of
Schweitz. It is rich in palturage; has
plenty of various kinds of ftone fruit, as
well as walnuts and cheftnuts; and its
wine is of a very acid favour. The in-
habitants are Roman catholics, and. re-
markable for their beauty, courtefy, and
hoipitality; yet they are held to be the
mott reftle{s people in Swifferland. “The
government is democratic, and exceed-
ingly complicated. The fupreme. power
fefides in the inhabitants of the four dif-
tricts of Zug, Bar, Egeri, and Meutzingen.
ZUR
' Zu, a confiderable town of Swiffer-
land, capital of @ canton of the fame
name; feated on a beautiful lake, in a
fertile valley, abounding with corn, paf-
ture, and wood. In 1435, the ftreet
which was on the fide of the lake, was
{wallowed up, and therefore another was
built on an eminence. ‘There are feveral
handfome churches, and a good town-
houfe. It is remarkable, that Ofwald,
a faxon king of Northumberland, in the
feventh century, is the tutelar faint of
this place. Zug is 12 miles NE of Lu-
cern, and 42 sr of Bafil. Lon. 8 16 8,
lat. 47 10 N.
ZUIDER-ZEE, a great bay of the Ger-
man Ocean, which extends from s to N
in the United Provinces, between Frief-
land, Overyffel, Guelderland, and Hol-
and.
~ ZUILLICHAW, a town of Silefia, in
the province of Croffen, 16 miles we of
Crofien. Lon. 16 12 £, lat. 52 12.N.
ZuuPHA, a town of Perfia, almoft
cick to If{pahan, ‘to which it is a fort of
fuburb, and. feparated frora it by the
river Sanderou. _ It is peopled by a colony
of Armenians, who were brought into -
Perfia by Shah Abbas. It is an arch-
bithop’s fee, and contains feveral churches
and monatteries.
ZULPICH, or ZULCH, an ancient
town of Germany, in the duchy of. Ju-
liers, belonging to the archbifhop of
Cologne. It is feated on the Naffel, 10
miles s of Juliers, and 10 w of Bonn,
Lon.'6 40 £, lat. 50 46 N.
' ZuRic, one of the 13 cantons of
Swifferland, 50 miles long and. 30 broad ;
bounded on the N by the Rhine, ‘which
feparates it from the canton of Schaffe
‘haufen, on the s. by that of Schweitz,
on the £ by Thurgaw aid the county of
Tockenburg, and on the W by the can-
ton of Zug and the Free Provinces. ‘The
civil war between the inagiftrates and -
people of Zuric, im 1335, nearby reduced
that ‘city to ruins; but the former bein
banifhed, the citizens, in 1337, eltablithed:
a new torm of government. The exiles,
after feveral fruitlefs attempts, were re-
admitted; but, engaging ipa con{piracy
againit the citizens, were. difcovered and
put todeath.. In confequence of this, the
nobles in the neighbourhood took up arins ;
and Zuric, for proteétion, formed an
alliance with Lucern, Uri, Schweitz, anti
Underwalden, and was adimitted a member
of their confederacy in 1351. The four
cantons yiilded the pre-eminence to Zu-
ric; a privilege it ftill enjoys, heing the
fivit c:inten in rank, and the mot confider-
a ee Rs
an rs ag ema pei
ZUR
able in extent both of territory and power
next to that of Ben, This canton, in
178, contained 174,572 iouls, includ-
ing 10,500 in the capital. It abounds in
wine and excellent palture; but as there
is not a fufficient fuppl of corn, for in-
terior confumption, the deheiancs is chiefly
iupplied trom Suabia.
power refides exclulively in the burgeties
of the town, confilting of about 2900,
which are divided into 13 tribes. The
legitiative authority is vetted by the
burghers in. the fovereign council of 206
members drawn from the 13 tribes.
This council comprifes the Senate, or
Little Council (compoied of 50’ members,
including the two burgomatters) which
has ‘a jurifdiétion in all civil.and criminal
caufes. The burghers, moreover, enjoy.
the fole right of commerce; all {trangers,
and even jubjecis, being excluded trom
purchafing wrought manufactures in any
part of the canton.
., ZURIC,. an.encient, large, and popu-
lous city of Swiflerland, capital ot a
canton, of the fame name. It ftands at
the n end of the lake.of Zuric, and occu-
pies both fides of the rapid and tranipa-
rent Limmat, which iffues trom that lake,
and divides the town into two unequal
parts, which communicate by three
bridges. It was formerly an imperial
city, and is one of the beit built in this
country, but the ftreets are narrow, and
the houfes high. ‘whe cathedral was
_ founded by Charlemagne, and is adorned
with a ftatue of that emperor. Zuric
was the firit town in’ Swiflerland that
feparated trom the church of Kome, be-
ing converted by the arguments of Zuin-
lius, The two divinons of Zuric are
called the Old Town and the Suburbs.
The tormer is iurrounded by the fame
ancient" battlements and towers that
exifted in the 13th century: the latter
are ftrengthened by fortifications in the
modern ttyle. ‘The arfenal is well iup-
plied with cannon and ammunition, and
contains mufquets for 30,000 men,
Ainong the charitable foundations are an
erphan-houle ; an hotpital ior the fick ‘of
ali nations, which uiually contains above
6oo patients; and the Allmofen-Amt,
or foundation for the poor, which puts
out children as apprentices, and diftri-
butes money, clothes, and books. of de-
votion, to poor perfons, not of the town
only, but of the eanton, to the amount
ef upward of soool, a year. Here’ are
feveral manufactures ; particularly mul-
lins, cottons, linens, and filk handker-
chiefs. Zuric is 35 miles sw of Con-
The fovereign:
Zz, W I.
ftance, 40 SE. Of Bafle, and 55 we.
Bern. Lon. 3 308, lat.47 =e wef
~“Zuric, a, lake of Swifferland, near’
ro leagues in length, and ong in breadth.
It is of, an oblong: form, and the borders
are ftudded thickly with villages and
towns, The adjacent country.is finely
cultivated and well, peopled ;. and the
part of the lake appears bounded by the
Su pendene high. mountains of Schweitz
and Glarus: the {cenery is picture(que,
lively, ana diverfified, The river Lim.
mat runs through the whole length of
this lake tothe city of Zuric. ~
ZuRITA, a town of Spain, in' Old
Caftile, with an.old caitle. I¢ is feated
on the Tajo,- very near Toledo. Len. 3
17.Wy lati 39. 50Ne 0 oy
ZURZACH, an ancient town of Swif-
ferland,, in the county.of Baden, remark.
able for two fairs much frequented by the
merchants of Germany and France. It
is feated on the: Rhine, juft above the
juntion of the Aar with that river.
ZUTPHEN, a county of the United
Provinces, in Guelderland ; bounded on,
the N by the Yflel, which feparates it
from Velaw, on the w by Overyffel, on
the & by the bifhopric of Munfter, and
on the s by the duchy of Cleves.
ZUTPHEN, a ftrong and confiderable
town of Dutch Guelderland, capital of a’
county of.the fame name. It was taken,
in 1672, by the French, who reftored it
in 1674. It is, feated at the confluence
of the Berkel and Yffel, nine miles s by
E of Derventer, aid §§ & by s of Amiter-
dam; Lon.6 08, lat. 52 10N.
ZuTz, a town of Swifferland, in the
country of the Grifons. Though not the
largeft, it is the principal place of the
diftri&t of Upper Engadina, becaufe it
contains the criminal court of juftice.
Zuyst, a village of the United Pro-
vince, five miles from Utrecht. It abounds
in plantations and. fhady walks, and is
greatly ornamented by the {pacious build-
ing which count Zinzendort appropriated
to the fraternity of Herrenhuters or Mo-
ravians. The brethren are employed in
various kinds of manufaéture; and as
many of them have been either educated in
. England, or have worked there, their
workmanthip far exceeds that of any other
part of Holland; but the articles are pro-
portionably dearer. Zuyft is much fre-
vented, in the fummer months, by a
ubftantial clafs of Dutch merchants (par-
ticularly from Amfterdam) who have no
country feats of their own.
ZWICKOW, a town of Upper Saxony,
in Mifnia, formerly imperial, but now
\e ZW O
fubje& to the ele&tor of Saxony. The
lace where the inhabitants are buried is
in Voigtland;, and therefore it is com~,
monly -faid, that they are’ Mifnians while.
alive,., but: Voigtlanders ‘after they are
dead. Zwiekow is feated on the Mul, ,
daw, 15 ‘miles $ of..Altenburg, and’ 29
we. of Plawen...Lon,' 22 26 By lat 50...
QBN 2 te ott gerd ;
ZWINGENBURG, atown of Germany, in
the landgravate. of Hefle Darmftadt, eight’
miles.sot Darmftadty and-14: of Worms.
ZWOLL, a confiderable town: of | the
United Prozinées;» in'“Overyffel, ‘and. in
the diftrict of Zailants:: It is defended i
fome fortifications ;‘and the canal, whic
begins néar this, place, and extends, to.
the river Yffel, is defended by feveral
forts. ‘Near it is the.mduntain of St, . 2
Lon, 29 228, lat. §0 35.
Agnes, where there was formerly ah
Moe
pews
boahe
ZYT
Auguftine convent, in which Thomas
Kempis lived 71. years,;'and died. in
3471.; It was formerly an imperial and
hanfeatic town, and is feated on an emi-
mence, on the rivers Aa and Yfiel, five
miles,s of Haffelt, andeight sz of Campen.
Lon, 6 ro £, lat. 52 33 N..
uc S@Y@ETH, a,ftrong..town of Lower
| dHungary, capital of a-county of the
Zaye PAO pe abe ic hg _It was be.
veged, in 1566, by Solyman 11, emperor
of the Turks, and taken. three days fae
his death; but was afterward retaken by
the Austrians. . It is:feated in a morafe,
made by. the river Alma, 50 mileg nw,
of Effeck., Lon. 18.588, lat. 46 17.N,
oh J]XTOMIERZ,. @-town of Poland, in
Volhinia, feated on the river Ciecirief, 7@:
miles,w: of Kiof, and 120 & of Lucko.
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